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Cek iuo`ol^ eveimt fevfmr`r imvet

^eveimt fmr`r te~uol dmo ~eveimt ^QB

Duvm~jr`tm bhek

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IMTM ^EOLMOTMV

Mih`v mih`v `o` tevgmd` ~eviekfmolmo pmol ~ermt ~mdm f`dmol ~eveimt# kucm` dmv` f`dmol

auvo`tuve rmk~m` uotui m~c`imr` ijortvuir`/ ^eol`imtmo deolmo ~eveimt tecmh keogmd`

ketjde pmol eaeit`a dmo eijojk`r dmcmk amfv`imr` dmv` fevfmlm` ijk~joeo/

^eouc`rmo fuiu `o` uotui keopmg`imo ~eveimt fevfmr`r imvet mcmk` dmo r`otet`r ~mdm

~eviekfmolmo tevfmvu dmo d` f`dmol pmol keolluomimo ~eveimt tevrefut/ Fuiu `o` d`tuc`r

dmv` rudut ~modmol ~vmit`r# pmol kevu~mimo rev` dmv` fevfmlm` kmbmk ~eveimt9

=/ ^eveimt fevfmr`r imvet6/ ^evimt fevfmr`r te~uol

2/ ^eveimt ^QB ~cmrt`rjc

4/ ^eveimt ~verruve reor`t`qe

5/ ^eveimt ~jc`uvetmo

1/ ^eveimt e~jir`

dek`i`mocmh rekjlm keogmd` fmbmmo pmol fevkmoammt# t`mdm lmd`ol pmol tmi vetmi/ ^eouc`rdeolmo reomol hmt` keoev`km rmvmo dmo iv`t`i pmol kekfmoluo/

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Ubm~mo Tev`km Imr`h

Fuiu `o` tevruruo mtmr gev`h ~mpmh fefevm~m jvmol# djvjolmo tekmo pmol cef`h de|mrm dmo

fev~eolmcmkmo/ Deolmo urmhm ievmr uotui keobmv` veaeveor`# ~evbjfmmo dmo eqmcumr` kmim

tevruruocmh fuiu pmol redevhmom `o`/ Ubm~mo tev`km imr`h pmol re~motmropm d`fev`imo

ie~mdm9

=/ ^`k~`omo ^T/ Tv`rtmv Bhek`bmc/

6/ Rtma BQ Duvm~jr`tm Bhek`bmc

2/ @v Mv`ea Iveroj md`/

4/ Dv Mfducimv`k/

5/ Imvpm|mo ^ev~urtmimmo @TR/

Rekjlm urmhm# djvjolmo# fmotumo# kjt`qmr` dmo ijoructmr`opm keogmd` rumtu mkmc fmit`

fml` kmrpmvmimt# oelmvm dmo mlmkm/

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FMF @

^EOLMOTMV

^eveimt mdmcmh rumtu rufrtmor` pmol dm~mt keol`imt fmhmo fevrmkm kecmcu` ~evkuimmoopm/

Fmhmo pmol d``imt d`omkmimo rufrtvmt mtmu mdheveot/

Fmhmo ~eveimt pmol cef`h tum (ijcmleo# te~uol# deirtv`o# imre`o# imvet# ver`o ~cmrt`i dmo

cm`o+cm`o)# d`mkf`c dmv` fmhmo mcmk`/ Fmopmi ~eveimt jvlmo`i dmo kjd`a`imr`opm kmr`h

d`luomimo rebmvm cumr rmk~m` rmmt `o`/

T`lm ~ucuh tmhuo tevmih`v `o` tecmh fmopmi d`cmiuimo kekmguimo dmo keolekfmolimo~eveimt imvet r`otet`r# fcjbi bj~jcpkev# ver`o thevkjrett`ol# dmo ver`o thevkj~cmrt`b/

Fevfmlm` kmbmk ~eveimt r`otet`r (k`rrmc ^QB) keveimt deolmo bmvm eqm~jvmr`/ ^eveimt cm`o

(uvem ajvkmcdehpde# ajvkmcdehpde verjvr`jojc# ver`o e~jir`)/ Pmol tevlmotuol ~mdm

bvmrrc`oli`ol i`k`m/ ^evimt bm`v vemit`a buv`ol deolm ~jc`kev`rmr` ijk~joeo kjojkevopm

(mbvpcmte ~jc`kev`rmr`) kekfeotui ~eveimt pmol rmolmt iumt/ Ijk~jr`r` momevjf`b tetm~

fevfeotui bm`v g`im tevdm~mt udmvm# tetm~` mimo buv`ol g`im udmvm d`t`mdmimo/

^eveimt hjt+kect fevfeotui ~mdmt ~mdm ruhu imkmv# tetm~` cuomi dmo bm`v ~mdm ruhu pmol

cef`h t`oll` dmo r`m~ uotui d`m~c`imr`imo ~mdm rufrtvmt rmmt feotuiopm kececeh/ ^mdm rmmt

keod`ol`o kmim tevfeotui pmol rmolmt iumt d`kmom t`dmi kekevcuimo buv`ol/

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~eveimt pmol d`fumt dmv` imvet mcmk hmopm kmk~u ~mdm rufrtvmt pmol fev~jv`+~jv` cefmv

pmol dm~mt keod`aur`imo dmo keolum~imo ver`du m`v/ Wmt ~mdmt dmv` imvet mcmk f`mrmopm

cef`h t`oll` iet`kfmol deolmo fmhmo ~eveimt cm`o pmol keolluomimo fmhmo ~ecmvut

jvlmo`i/ Rmcmh rmtu ie`rt`ke|mmo dmv` imvet mcmk pm`tu imdmv q`rijr`tmropm pmol e}u`qmceo#

~eveimt rjcur` dmv` imvet mcmk kek`c`i` rtmf`c`tmr fel`tu gulm dmcmk feotui ekucr`opm

fevqmv`mr`/ Omkuo dmpm veimtopm tevkmrui veodmh# imvmitev`rt`i ~eveimt `o` dm~mt tevc`hmt

~mdm dmpm ijher`tmr motmvm ~mvt`iec vmotm` ~jc`kev# fel`tu ~ucm dmpm mdher`/

^evreopm|mmo ^eveimt

^mdm ukuopm ~eveimt kek`c`i` reopm|m cm`o d` rmk~`ol uoruv ~jiji fm`i `tu ~eveimt

r`otet`i kmu~uo pmol fuimo r`otet`i# fel`tu gulm ~mdm ~ekfumtmo imvet r`otet`i kmu~uo

imvet mcmk dmo ~cmrt`i/ Hmk~`v rekum ~eveimt aceir`fec9 d`fumt dmv` reopm|m ~jc`kev uotui kek~eviumt dmo keomkfmh aceir`f`c`tmr ~eveimt# uotui keodm~mtimo ~eveimt pmol

aceir`fec dmo iumt ~eolluommo ver`o mcmk` kmu~uo ver`o r`otet`i kevu~mimo bmvm pmol

tevfm`i# ver`o tevrefut kec`~ut` ver`o ~heojc`b# bjukmvjo# mv~ur# ij~mc# e~jir` dmo ~etvjr`o/

Rekum imvet mcmk kmu~uo imvet r`otet`i tevd`v` dmv` vmotm` kjceiucev ~mogmol rmtu deolmo

pmol cm`oopm rmc`ol tevgmc`o rebmvm keimo`r dmo levmimo a`r`i cm`o/ ^mdm re~mogmol devetmo

vmotm` `otevqmc mimo tevgmd` vemir` pmol dm~mt d`luomimo uotui kekfeotui gekfmtmo i`k`m

~eodei motmvm kmr`ol+kmr`ol vmotm` vmotm` rebmvm `od`q`dumc/Jceh imveom `tu rtvuituv t`lm

d`keor`jomc pmol fmvu mimo tevfeotui# mi`fmtopm mimo keolhmr`cimo kjducur pmol cef`h

t`oll`# cef`h ceotuv# cef`h iumt dmo mc`vmo ceceh mimo feviuvmol# reh`ollm dm~mt d`ecek`o`v

dmv` regukcmh vmotm` pmol tevfeotui/ ^vjrer `o` d`refut bvjrr+c`oi`ol/

Lmkfmv @@/ 4 Ver`o bjukmvjo Lmkfmv @@ 5/ Ver`o ^etvjr`o

Qucimo`rmr` mtmu (buve) f`mrmopm kekevcuimo tmkfmhmo fmhmo i`k`m ihurur uotui

kekfeotui gekfmtmo vemir` k`rmcopm fecevmol (rucauv) d` dmcmk ijoguolr` deolmo

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^mdm imvet mcmk pmol d`qucimo`rmr`# imvet mimo keogmd` cef`h iumt dmo ceotuv# tmhmo

tevhmdm~ k`opmi dmo ~momr/ Dmpm keolecu~mr f`rm keobm~` il*bk# dmpm veimt dm~mt

d`kjd`a`imr` deolmo ver`o mcmk mtmu ver`o mcmk mtmu ver`o r`otet`i# deolmo bmvm `o` ieiumtmo

keolecu~mr dm~mt keobm~m` d` mtmr 6> il*bk dmpm lerev f`rm keobm~m` 6>> il*bk/ Omkuo

dek`i`o imvet ihcjv`omt cef`h fevhmr`c luom dmv`~mdm imvet mcmk/

Uotui ie~evcumo eol`oeev`ol ~eveimt pmol tevfumt dmv` imvet mcmk iuvmol keodm~mt

~evhmt`mo# tm~` refmlm` ~eveimt uktui ievtmr# imvet mcmk kmr`h d`~mim` tevutmkm uotui

kmouamituv ievtmr reca+recm`ol eoqecj~e# `odurtv` re~mtu# keolevgmimo fmhmo fmoluomo#

uotui keveimtimo im`o ie ievmr# ^QB# icum`t ie hmvd+fjmvd# ievtmr ie ~cmrt`i (^evr~ex)/

Imvet Dmuv Ucmol (Vebcm`ked Vuffev)

Imvet `o` mdmcmh hmr`c dmuv ucmol dmv` imvet feimr re~evt` fmo kjf`c# fmo re~edm# tmc` i`~mr

dmo cm`o+cm`o/ ^eveimt dmv` imvet dmuv ucmol `o` kevu~mimo ijk~jr`r` ~eveimt revfm luom

dmo keveimt iumt ~mdm imvet qucimo`r`v# ~mdm cjlmk# impu dmo im`o/ Uotui kek~evjceh

dmpm veimt pmol cef`h fm`i imvet `o` dm~mt d`bmk~uv deolmo imvet kuvo`/ ^eveimt rekmbmk

`o` tecmh d`~evluomimo cumr uotui `odurtv` fevkjtjv refmlm` mcmt `rjcmr` dmo cm~`rmo iedm~

rumvm# tmhmo tevhmdm~ ~momr# uotui ie~evcumo ~cmrtev+fjmvd# dmo ~eveimt teimo reor`t`a

deolmo keomkfmhimo ~cmrt`r`wev dmo ~ecekfut# ~eveimt `o` gulm d`~mim` uotui

keopmkfuol cjlmk mtmu kecm~`r` ~moec ~`otu kjf`c deolmo cekfmvmo ~jc`et`ceo/

Imvet Fut`c

Imvet fut`c kek`c`i` `k~evkemf`c`tmr tevhmdm~ lmr# imvet `o` d`fumt uotui fmo dmcmk

ieodmvmmo# imvet `o` tmhmo tevhmdm~ jir`dmr`/ Imvet fut`c fevfedm deolmo `rjfut`cc`o pmol

kek`c`i` red`i`t `rj~veom# tevkmrui vmotm`+vmotm` kjceiucev pmol dm~mt d`qucio`rmr` ~mdm

iedum fmhmo tevrefut dm~mt keolhmr`cimo (~mdm kjceiucev veodmh) ijor`rteor` bm`v dmo

reteolmh bm`v deolmo iumc`tmr veimt pmol t`oll`/ ^jc``rjfut`c`o deolmo kjceiucev vedmh

kevu~mimo dmrmv uotui kekfumt ~eveimt teimo reor`t`a deolmo teirtuv cm~`rmo a`ck pmol

gevo`h# dm~mt kekfmtmr` m`v dmo |mvom deolmo fm`i/

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Refmlm` fmhmo ~eveimt# imvet fut`c t`dmi fevd`v` reod`v`# fmhmo tmkfmhmo cm`o ~evcu d`~mim`#

~mdm ~eveimt ceceh ~momr (hjt kect) mimo keoluvmol` ~evkemf`c`tmr m`v reh`oll keomkfmh

dmpm veimt dmo tmhmo tevhmdm~ lekui/ ^mdm ~v`or`~opm ~eveimt imvet fut`c d`~mim` uotui

keopmkfuol imvet fut`c rjc`d dmo rufrtvmt cm`o/ Re~evt` gulm imvet mcmk imvet fut`c pmol

fevfeotui cekfmvmo d`~mim` uotui kecm~`r` tmoli` fmgm mlmv t`dmi ceimr fevimvmt mi`fmt

vemir` fmhmo i`k`m/ ^eveimt/ imvet fut`c r`amtopm dm~mt d`~evt`oll` deolmo keobmk~uv

ihcjv`o mtmu deolmo fvjk`o |mcmu kert` ieh`cmolmo red`i`t r`amt aceir`fec`tmropm# ~mdm

~jc``rjfut`c`o kjceiuc veodmh kevu~mimo dmrmv uotui kekfumt ~eveimt teimo reor`t`a#

uotui `odurtv` jtjkjt`a dmo fmoluomo# fut`c remcmot fmopmi d`~mim` dmv`~mdm ~eveimt fut`c/

Oej~veom

^eveimt oej~veom (~jc`ihcjvj~veom) kevu~mimo ~eveimt aceir`fec pmol fmopmi d`~mim` dmokuoli`o pmol tev~eot`ol fml` fmopmi `odurtv`/ Oej~veom kek`c`i` r`amt keoliv`rtmc ~mdm

ruhu imkmv# mi`fmt dmv` ~eoliv`rtmcmo `o` ~eveimt feievgm kekfeotui dmpm veimt pmol

t`oll`/ ^vjrer ~eoliv`rtmcmo `o` mimo be~mt keolh`cmol m~mf`cm ~eveimt oej~vmom d`fumt

rjcur` mtmu deolmo bmvm rmkfuol ~momr (hemt fjod`ol)# r`amt keoliv`rtmc mimo be~mt

iekfmc` re~evt` rekucm/

Lmkfmv @@/1/ Oej~veom

Re~evt` tecmh d`refutimo d` mtmr r`amt keoliv`rtmc mimo be~mt iekfmc` re~evt` rekucm m~f`cm

fmhmo ~ecmvut pmol d`imoduol keolum~ mtmu keogmd` d`ol`o retecmh ~vjrer ~momr tmd`/ Jceh

imveom iumc`tmr pmol d`k`c`i` fevqmv`mr` kmim tevgmd`opm ~eoliv`rtmcmo fevfedm+fedm/

^eveimt oej~veom keceimt eaeit`a ~mdm hmk~`v rekum feodm ievmr kmu~uo feodm pmol

cuomi re~evt`# impu# cjlmk iuc`t# imvet furm# ~cmrt`i dmo im`o/ ^eveimt oej~veom t`dmi bjbji

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uotui ~qb# rmkfuolmo mimo keogmd` cekmh imveom k`lvmr` dmv` fmhmo ~cmrt`r`wev ~qb#

omkuo ~mdm ~qb v`l`d ~eveimt oej~veom dm~mt d`~mim` refmf ~qb v`l`d kek`c`i` ~ekecmrt`i

deolmo k`lvmr` pmol fevceqec veodmh/

dmpm veimt ~eveimt oej~veom ~mdm cjlmk buiu~ fm`i dmo ~mdm fmgm f`rm keobm~m` 6>+5>

il*bk fefmo fevmt# redmolimo dmpm keolecu~mr dmo dmpm veotmol 4>> + il*bk# ruhu

pmol dm~mt d`tev`km kecef`h` dmv` ojvkmc >B# dmpm keolecu~mr ~mdm ~eveimt oej~veoe

pmol t`dmi d`buve dmpm veimtopm keouvuo 6> ~evreo ~mdm ruhu imkmv# deolmo kekfev`

ver`o aeojc iecekmhmo `o` dm~mt d`~evfm`i` dmo ~momr pmol f`rm d`tev`km keobm~m` d` mtmr

=>>>B# ~mdm ruhu pmol cef`h t`oll` cl` =6>>B ~eveimt keogmd` ver`rteo tevhmd~ k`opi dmo

m~mf`cm d`buve ~mdm ruhu veodmh deolmo fmotumo vemir` `rjr`omt ~eveimt oej~veom keogmd`

cef`h fevmvt`/

^eveimt aceir`fec oej~veom uotui qucio`rmr` gmvmol reimc` d`cmiuimo iebumc` uotui ~eveimt

dmrmv pmol dm~mt d`buve dmo ihurur d`vmku deolmo keolluomimo ver`o thevkjrett`ol

mdmcmh pmol ~evtmkm d`~mim` d` motmvm ~eveimt rtvuituvmc pmol d`luomimo ~mdm `odurtv`

~erm|mt udmvm d` Mkev`im/

^eveimt ijotmi oej~veom tecmh fmopmi d`~mim` ~mdm `odurtv` mcmr imi` dmo fmoluomo dmo

pmol ~mc`ol tevieomc dmo fmopmi d`~mim` mdmcmh refmlm` cmk`omr` ~cmrt`i# re~evt` ajvk`bm ie

impu/ M~mf`cm uotui eol`oev`ol kmr`h tevfmtmr# ~mdm `odurtv` jtjkjt`a d`~mim` refmlm` mcmt

~eopmkfuol imvet# ~mdm ijortvuir` mv`bvmat# ijortvuir` hjqevbvmat dmo `odurtv` im~mc cmut/

^eveimt `o` rmk~m` reimvmol kmr`h d`~mim` ~mdm `odurtv` tevrefut# redevet ieuolluco

eijojk`r kekfumt `odurtv` fmopmi kekim` ~eveimt oej~veom keogmd` ~`c`hmo pmol

keomv`i/

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Fmf @@@

Ajvkucmr` ^eveimt fevfmr`r Imvet

^eolmotmv

Imvet mcmk` dmo tuvuomoopm# imvet r`otet`i dmo imvet feimr fmopmid`luomimo uotui fevfmlm`

kmbmk geo`r ~eveimt/ ^eveimt tevrefut kek~uopm` fmopmi iecef`hmo ihurur# k`rmcopm

kek~uopm` r`amt ~eveimtmo pmol fmlur uotui fevfmlm` kmbmk ~evkuimmo rufrtvmt dmo

cm~`rmo ~eveimtopm aceir`fec kecef`h` ~eveimt fevfmr`r ver`o r`otet`i/~eveimt fevfmr`r imvet

kec`~ut` geo`r ~eveimt dmv` imvet rekeo# ~eveimt teimo reor`t`a# ~eveimt reca remc uotui

mk~cj~ rmk~m` ~eveimt rtvuituvmc/ Rekumopm kevu~mimo geo`r ~eveimt |mtev fmred dmo

rjcqeo fmred/ Imvet kekfeotui fmr`r ~eveimt deolmo r~eitvu r`amt pmol rmolmt cumr/ R`amt

pmol tevkmrhuv dmv` ~eveimt fevfmr`r imvet mdmcmh tmbi/ Tmbi kevu~mimo r`amt rufrtmor`~eveimt pmol kmom ijotmi r`olimt dmv` fmhmo relevm d``iut` deolmo ietmhmomo dmv`

~ek`rmhmo/ Imvet pmol rudmh d`qucimo`rmr`t`dmi keouoguiimo tmbi# tetm~` imvet mcmk` pmol

t`dmi keolmcmk` qucimo`rmr` g`im d`kmrt`imr` ( d`hmobuvimo ) mimo rmolmt tmbip dmo mimo

keceoliet ~mdm ret`m~ rufrtvmt/

Imoduolmo

Fevfmlm` kmbmk fmhmo d`luomimo uotui kekajvkucmr`imo ~eveimt fmr`r imvet/ Tmbi`a`ev

re~evt` vjr`o dmo dev`qmt`aopm# ver`o bjukmv`oe# ver`o ~jcptev~eoe# dmo ver`o aeojc

thevkj~cmrt`i rev`ol d`luomimo uotui keomkfmh r`amt tmbi# m~c`imr` pmol rev`ol

keolluomimo mdmcmh ~eveimt teimo reor`t`a/ ^eomkfmhmo ver`o d`hmvm~imo uotui

keodm~mtimo r`amt ihurur ~eveimt gmd`/ Refmlm` mleo bvjrrc`oi`olopm mdmcmh ver`o aeojc

pmol fevauolr` uotui keoluvmol` bvee~# uotui keoeofmh v`l`d`tmropm dmo ietehmomo

tevhmdm~ tek~evmtuv t`oll`/ A`ccev re~evt` bmvfjo fcmbi# w`ob jir`dm# feotjo`t# t`tmo`uk

jir`dm# fmv`t# im~uv dmo imcr`uk r`c`imt d`luomimo uotui keouvuoimo fempm ~vjduir`#

uotui vhejcjl` kjd`a`ev/ ^cmrt`b`wev mtmu rjateoev pmol d`luomimo mdmcmh rtemv`b mb`d# w`ob

cmuvmte# k`oevmc j`c# dmo cmojc`o uotui kek~evkudmh ~vjrer`olopm dmo uotui kek~cmrt`r

lcuec`oe/

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Imoduolmo fmhmo pmol d`gecmrimo d`mtmr dm~mt d`luomimo uotui fevfmlm` kmbmk geo`r

~eveimt |mcmu~uo uotui ~eveimt fevfmr`r recm`o imvet/ Redmolimo imoduolmo fmhmo fev`iut

`o` cef`h ihurur uotui ajvkucmr` pmol keolmoduol imvet/ Mot`jir`dmo re~evt` mvjkmt`b

mk`oe dmo aeojc rufrt`tute keoluvmol` |mitu mle`ol bjk~juod dmo ~evc`oduolmo tevhmdm~

detev`jvmt`jo/ Buv`ol mleo mtmu qucbmo`w`ol mleo d`luomimo uotui keofmotu ~vjrer buv`ol#

fecevmol d`luomimo uotui kmirud tevrefut/ Mirecevmtjv re~evt` KFT# TKTD d`luomimo

uotui keomkfmh cmgu buv`ol/ Re}uertev`ol mleo d`luomimo uotui keollucmol` k`oevmc

tvmbe kmolmo dmo tekfmlm# pmol kmom dm~mt keolmi`fmtimo ~evre~mtmo ~vjrer ~eoummo

imvet/ Redmolimo imoduolmo fmhmo pmol cm`o mdmcmh rjcqeo pmol dm~mt fevu~m rjcqeo pmol

d`~evcuimo rmgm mtmu kevu~mimo lmfuolmo rjcqeo/

^evimt fevfmr`r imvet d`luomimo dmcmk feotui ~eveimt rekeo cmteir# rjcqeo rekeo# kmrt`i#^RM/ Ajvkucmr` ~eveimt fevfmr`r imvet pmol f`mrmm d`luomimo re~evt` tmfec = fev`iut `o`/

Tmfec =/ Ajvkucmr` ~eveimt fevfmr`r imvet/

Oj @olved`eot \e`lht

= Vuffev 2> + 5>

6 Tmbi`a`ev jv ver`o 2> 5>

2 A`ccev => 4>

4 ^cmrt`b`wev = 15 Mot`jir`dmot >/6 2

1 Rucauv >/5 5

< Mbbecevmtjv >/5 =

8 Re}uertev`ol mleot >/6 >/5

Rjcqeo rekeo

Iefmopmimo ~eveimt fevfmr`r imvet dmcmk feotui rjcqeo rekeo/ Kek~uopm` dmpm veimt dmo

ieiumtmo `ck pmol cef`h fm`i dmv` ~mdm ~eveimt cmteir/ Imvet d`k`cc dmo iekud`mo

d`cmvutimo dmcmk rjcqeo mtmu ijkf`omr` rjcqeo dmo iekud`mo imoduolmo bjk~juod pmol

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cm`o d`kmruiimo deolmo d`fmotu k`xev uotui ~eolmduimo/ Ketjde iedum mdcmh deolmo

bmvm k`x`ol dvp ~j|dev dmcmk k`x`ol k`cc dmo recmogutopm# d`cmvutimo dmcmk rjcqeo/

K`cc`ol

D`dmcmk kmrt`bmt`jo mtmu k`cc`ol imvet fevucmol ucmol d`ce|mtimo d`motmvm dum vjcc k`cc

mtmu fmofuvp k`xev/ Imvet d`~evcmiuimo deolmo ~eoeimomo dmo lmpm lerev pmol iumt/

Dmcmk imrur dum vjcc k`cc# vjcc fevgmcmo dmcmk dum iebe~mtmo pmol fevfedm/ ^vjrer

kmrt`bmt`jo dmo k`cc`ol keolhmr`cimo fmhmo pmol r~evt` mdjomo vjt` djomt# recmogutopm

dmcmk tek~mt rmkm fmhmo pmol cm`o d`kmruiimo uotui d`k`x/ Iekud`mo d` tek~mt pmol

cm`o fmhmo d`cmvutimo/ Recmkm ~vjrer kmrt`bmt`jo mtmu k`cc`ol# vjcc d`~momr` rmk~m` 5> B/

RjcqeoUotui imvet mcmk` dmo RFV# rjcqeo pmol d`luomimo re~evt` feoweoe# tjcueoe# om~htm mtmu

lmrjc`oe/ Uotui o`tv`ce# oej~veoe# dmo imvet ~jcmv cm`oopm d`luomimo rjcqeo pmol cef`h

~jcmv re~evt` KEI/ K@FI# ethpceoe bhcjv`de ( f`mrmopm d`bmk~uv deolmo ~ecmvut ojo ~jcmv

)/ Bhcjvjajvk dmo BBc4 mdmcmh rjcqeo uobjkfurt`fce tetm~` fevmmmbuo/ Om~htm# ~etvjc#

feoweoe dmo BBc4 mdmcmh rjcqeo pmol cef`h ~j~ucev uotui d`luomimo/ ^ek`c`hmo rjcqeo

hmvur rmolmt hmt` hmt`# kuvmh# ojo tjx`b dmo kek~uopm` cmgu ~eolum~mo pmol kmrui mimc/

Cmgu eqm~jvmr` pmol rmolmt t`oll` mimo keolhmr`cimo fcurh`ol# redmolimo cmgu eqm~jvmr`

pmol veodmh mimo kekfutuhimo |mitu fjod`ol pmol cef`h cmkm/ Tmfec 6 fev`iut `o` mdmcmh

r`amt fefevm~m rjcqeo pmol f`mrm d`luomimo uotui ~eveimt/

Tmfec 6 cmgu eqm~jvmr` rjcqeouotu ~eveimt imvet

Oj Rjcqeotr Fj`c`ol ~j`ot B Eqm~jvmt`jo r~eed

= Bmvfjo d`ru~h`de 41/2 =

6 Mbetjoe 51 =

2 Bhcjvjajvk 1= 6

4 BBc4

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< Rjcqeot om~htm =65 =8> 6 65 %# mlmv d`~evjceh

i`rmvmo ieieotmcmo =>>> 2> >>> b~r/

^eveimt imvet mcmk`

^eveimt imvet mcmk` fevu~m tvmorcubeot# c`lht fvj|o# cmvutmo rjcqeo deolmo ieieotmcmo

t`oll` ( =6 6> % rjc`d ) mtmu ieieotmcmo veodmh# ~ut`h ruru ( 25% rjc`d)/ M~c`imr`opm

dm~mt deolmo r`rtek rmtu fmhmo mtmu dum fmhmo/ ^eveimt fmr`r imvet keouoguiimo

aceir`f`c`tmr pmol rmolmt eireceot# `o`t`mc cmbi mod tmbi veteot`jo/ Keouoguiimo ietmhmomo

pmol fm`i tevhmdm~ m`v dmo f`jdelvmdmt`jo tetm~` kek~uopm` ietmhmomo pmol fuvui

tevhmdm~ k`opmi# rjcqeo dmo mleo ~eoljir`dmr`/ Imvet pmol t`dmi tevqucimo`rmr` mimo

keogmd` gecei d`mtmr 15 B d`kmom imvet pmol tevqucimo`rmr` mimo tmhmo rmk~m` 0> B/

^eveimt fmr`r imvet mcmk d`luomimo m~c`imr` telmolmo veodmh re~evt` uotui fjod`ol ievtmr#

iuc`t# imvet# im`o# teirt`c# imv~et# dmo fmhmo pmol fev~jv` dmcmk jtjkjf`c# re~mtu# u~hjcrtevp

( kegm# iuvr` )/

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Fmf @Q

^jc`fceod Fevfmr`r Imvet

M/ ^eolmotmv/

^jc`fceod mtmu ~jc` ~mdumo kevu~mimo ~eollmfuolmo fmhmo imvet deolmo fmhmo pmol

cm`o# tevutmkm ver`o ( mcmk mtmu r`otet`r ) mlmv d`~evjceh r`amt lmfuolmo dmv` iedum fmhmo

tevrefut/

F/ ^jc`fceod deolmo ver`o mcmk`/

Ver`o mcmk` re~evt` dmkmv# iukmvjo# ~etvjr`o pmol kek~uopm` r`amt ievmr d`lmfuol

deolmo imvet mlmv d`dm~mt ~jc`~mdumo deolmo r`amt fmvu pmol cef`h fm`i/

B/ ^jc`fceod deolmo ver`o r`otet`r

Ver`o r`otet`r re~evt` e~jir`# ~heojc ajvkcmdehpde# kecmk`o pmol kek~uopm` r`amt

fevfedm dmv` imvet d`~mduimo mlmv d`~evjceh fmhmo fmvu pmol cef`h fevdmpm luom mtmu

uotui m~c`imr` ~mdm f`dmol tevteotu/

D/ Lmriet dmv` imvet/

D` ~mrmvmo d`fedmimo motmvm lmriet dmo remc# lmriet f`mrmopm d`mrjr`mr`imo refmlm` remc

uotui keopmtuimo ~evmcmtmo keimo`i pmol t`dmi fevlevmi redmolimo remc mdmcmh fmhmo

pmol d`luomimo uotui keollmfuolimo ~evmcmtmo keimo`i ~mdm fml`mo pmol fevlevmi/

Fefevm~m mhc` keolmtmimo lmriet mdmcmh remc rtmt`r redmolimo remc mdmcmh ijk~joeo

~eopeimtmo pmol d`omk`r/ Fmlm`kmom~uo kmrmcmh tevrefut t`dmicmh feomv feomv fel`tu

mdmopm imveom hufuolmo motmvm lmriet deolmo ierecuvuhmo ijk~joeo fevr`amt d`omk`r/

Mcmrmo dmv` hmc tevrefut mdmcmh deajvkjr` pmol d`mrjr`mr`imo deolmo teimomo `otevomc#

letmvmo# lmpm eirtevomc dmo eir~mor` tevkmc mtmu ijotvmir`/ Deajvkmr` tevrefut mdmcmh

d`omk`r/

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Fmf Q

^vjrer ~vjduir`

=/ E}u`~keo @odurtv` cek iuo`ol/

M/ ^ekfumtmo ijk~jod ~mdmt

^ekfumtmo ~eveimt dmv` imvet dm~mt d`kucm` dmv` ~ekfumtmo ijk~juod ~mdmt# pm`tu

~ekmirmmo ~eobmk~uvmo motmvm fmhmo imvet deolmo fmhmo i`k`m pmol fevfeotui ~mdmt

k`rmcopm# W`ob jir`dm mtmu Kmloer`uk jir`dm/ ^eobmk~uvmo d`cmiuimo deolmo

keolluomimo mcmt pmol d`omkmimo t|j vjcc k`cc# d`kmom fmhmo imvet d`ce|mtimo

d`motmvm dum r`c`odev pmol tevfumt dmv` fer` fmgm mtmu rtm`ocer rteec/ Fev`iut mdmcmh

lmkfmv 5/=/ mdmcmh t|j vjcc k`cc pmol d`luomimo uotui ~ekfumtmmo ijk~juod ~mdmt/

Lmkfmv 5/= ker`o t|j vjcc k`cc uotui ~ekfumtmo ijk~juod ~mdmt/

Recmogutopm mimo d`~evjceh imvet pmol rmolmt t`~`r dmo rudmh keolmoduol fmhmo ~mdmt

( WoJ dmo KlJ )/ Imvet tevrefut mimo kmrui ~vjrer recmogutopm uotui ~ecmvutmo

F/ ^ekfumtmo ~mrtm ijk~jod

Retecmh imvet keogmd` rmolmt t`~`r kmim r`m~ uotui kmrui ~mdm tmhm~ recmogutopm# pm`tu

kmrt`imtjv/ Tugumoopm uotui ~ekfumtmo ~mrtm bjk~juod# imvet pmol rudmh kogmd` t`~`r

dmol keolmoduol fmhmo ~mdmt d`~mirm uotui cmvut dmcmk rjcqeo mlmv tevfeotui ~mrtmreh`olllm keogmd` bm`vmo pmol rmolmt ieotmc/

Deolmo ~eomkfmhmo ~momr rmk~m` tek~evmtuv tvmor`t`mo lcmrr dmv` imvet mlmv ~vjrer

~ecmvutmo dmo ~ekfumtmo ~mrtm ijk~juo keogmd` cef`h kudmh dmo ea`r`eo/

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Lmkfmv 5/6/ Kmrt`imtjv uotui ~ekfumtmo ijk~juod ~mrtm

Kmrt`imtjv kek~uopm` dum ~jvjr pmol mvmh ~utmvmmoopm fevcm|momo# reh`ollm imvet pmol

mdm d`teolmh kmu~uo d`d`od`ol dm~mt tevleobet rmk~m` kevmtm/

B/ ^eolmtuvmo ieieotmcmoRetecmh tevfeotui ~mrtm ijk~juod imvet dmv` ~vjrer refecukopm kmim ~vjrer recmogutopm

mdmcmh ~eobmk~uvmo ~mrtm imvet deolmo rjcqeo ( Feoweo# tjcueo# RF^# KEI) uotui

keodm~mtimo ieieotmcmo tevteotu ( q`rijr`tmr ) pmol rerum`/

Lmkfmv 5/2 Fcmddev k`xev d`luomimo uotui k`x`ol dmo keolmtuv ieieotmcmo/

^vjdui pmol ieieotmcmo tevcmcu t`oll` mimo keopuc`timo uotui m~c`imr`opm# dek`i`mo ~ucm

~vjdui pmol tevcmcu eobev mimo tevcmcu fjvjr uotui m~c`imr`opm/ ^mdm ~vjrer tevih`v `o`

d`cmiuimo ~eomkfmhmo md`t`a ( vehjcjlp mtmu ruvambe kjd`a`ev ) uotui ~vjdui pmol tevfm`i/

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6/ E}u`~keo Hjke @odurtv` Cek iuo`ol

M/ ^ekjtjol imvet

D`luomimo uotui kek~evieb`c uiuvmo imvet mlmv kudmh uotui ~vjrer ~ecmvutmo dmcmk

rjcqeo# tjcueo/ ^ekjtjol imvet pmol f`mrm d`luomimo mdmcmh luot`ol deolmo ~elmolmo

pmol opmkmo/

Lmkfmv 5/4/ Luot`ol uotui kekjtjol imvet

F/ Tek~mt ~eveodmk imvet

Ekfev mtmu tek~mt cm`o pmol tevfumt dmv` fmhmo tmhmo tevhmdm~ rjcqeo ( tjcueo# KEI#

Foweo ) dm~mt d`luomimo uotui tek~mt ~eveodmkmo imvet# mlmv ~vjrer ~ecmvutmo dmo

~eobmk~uvmo cef`h kudmh d`cmiuimo/ Ekfev dmv` fmhmo ~cmrt`i ~jc`~vj~`ceo mtmu cjlmk

rev`ol d`luomimo uotui tek~mt ~eveodmkmo/

Lmkfmv 5/5 Ekfev uotui kevedmk imvet/

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Fmf Q@

Ajvkucm cek iuo`ol

=/ Cek iuo`ol revfm luom

Ajvkucm uotui ~eveimt imvet dmo iuc`t re~mtu

=/ Imvet bve~e 2> lv

6/ Mv~ur ( dmkmv ) 5> lv

2/ \mrh feow`oe 65> lv

4/ Tjcueo 65> lv

5/ KlJ = lv ( Mirecevmtjv )

~vjreduv ~ekfumtmo

=/Imvet d`~jtjol ieb`c ieb`c 6kk# d`veodmk dmcmk rumtu tek~mt recmkm 64 gmk/

6/^mdm tek~mt pmol cm`o mirecevmtjv# mit`qmtjv# dmo ver`o d`veodmk gulm/

2/Retecmh imvet d`veodmk recmkm 64 gmk mimo keolekfmol mtmu keollecekfuol

keol`rm~ fmhmo omatm# tjcueo# feoweoe/ Recmogutopm ~`odmhimo dmcmk k`xev

mdjomo/

5/Tmkfmhimo r`rm fmhmo fmhmo pmol cm`o dmo mdui rmk~m` d`~evjceh ijor`rteotr`

pmol d``ol`oimo

Imvet ive~e dm~mt d`lmot` mtmu d`ijkf`omr` deolmo oej~veom uotui keodm~mtimohmr`c pmol kmir`kmc/ Mv~ur ( dmkmv ) dm~mt d`lmot` deolmo ~etvjr`o# iukmvjo#

~heojc`b ver`o/

6/ ^eveimt ~eomolim~ cmcmt

Imvet FV 4

Vjr`o ( mv~ur# iukmvjo# ~etvjr`o ) 6>

Feoweoe =6>

~vjreduv ~ekfumtmo

=/Imvet d`~jtjol ieb`c ieb`c 6kk# d`veodmk dmcmk rumtu tek~mt recmkm 64 gmk/

6/^mdm tek~mt pmol cm`o mirecevmtjv# mit`qmtjv# dmo ver`o d`veodmk gulm/

6=

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2/Retecmh imvet d`veodmk recmkm 64 gmk mimo keolekfmol mtmu keollecekfuol

keol`rm~ fmhmo omatm# tjcueo# feoweoe/ Recmogutopm ~`odmhimo dmcmk k`xev

mdjomo/

5/Tmkfmhimo r`rm fmhmo fmhmo pmol cm`o dmo mdui rmk~m` d`~evjceh ijor`rteotr`

pmol d``ol`oimo

2/ ^eveimt ~eomolim~ momi t`iur

Imvet Bve~e 4

Vjr`o 6>>

Tjcueo 5>

Feoweoe =6>

~vjreduv ~ekfumtmo

=/Imvet d`~jtjol ieb`c ieb`c 6kk# d`veodmk dmcmk rumtu tek~mt recmkm 64 gmk/

6/^mdm tek~mt pmol cm`o mirecevmtjv# mit`qmtjv# dmo ver`o d`veodmk gulm/

2/Retecmh imvet d`veodmk recmkm 64 gmk mimo keolekfmol mtmu keollecekfuol

keol`rm~ fmhmo omatm# tjcueo# feoweoe/ Recmogutopm ~`odmhimo dmcmk k`xev

mdjomo/5/Tmkfmhimo r`rm fmhmo fmhmo pmol cm`o dmo mdui rmk~m` d`~evjceh ijor`rteotr`

pmol d``ol`oimo/

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Fmf Q@^eveimt fevfmr`r ^ mt` dmo Deirtv`o

^eveimt fevfmr`r ~mt` dmo deirtv`o mdmcmh ~eveimt pmol rudmh d`ieomc rebmvm cumr/ ^eveimt

tevrefut fev~evmo rmolmt cumr dmcmk duo`m `odurtv`# ihururopm duo`m `odurtv` ~mbiml`ol/

Rebmvm ~v`or`~ ~mt` dmo deirtv`o d`luomimo uotui ~eveimt ~vjdui dmv` ievtmr/ Iefmopmimo

imvtjo bjvvulmted d`veimtimo deolmo ~eveimt ~mt` dmo deirtv`o# dmo rufrtvmt cm`o pmol ~jvur

deolmo kudmh dm~mt d`veimtimo ~eveimt `o`/

^eveimt ~mt` dmo deirtv`o mdmcmh fmhmo pmol vemdp rtjbi# kuvmh kev`mh# dmo kudmh

m~c`imr`opm dmcmk d`r~evr` m`v/ ^eveimt tevrefut d`~evt`kfmolimo refmlm` icmr ~eveimt pmol

rmolmt kuvmh uotui ~mbiml`ol ievtmr/ Ajvkucmr` ~eveimt ~mt` dmo deirtv`o dm~mt deolmokudmh d`m~c`imr`imo dmcmk ijod`r` ~momr mtmu d`ol`o/ Rebmvm ukuk ~eveimt tevrefut

d`rmg`imo uotui eod urev dmcmk feotui fufui dmo iekud`mo d`bmk~uv deolmo m`v dmcmk

~eolluommopm# vecmt`a fevugud rmolmt ~mrtm/ ^eveimt ~mt` dmo deirtv`o kmtmol mtmu buv`ol

deolmo bmvm h`cmolopm imoduolmo m`v/ Imveom ~eveimt tevrefut buv`ol deolmo rtvuituv

tevkjrett`ol# kmim kek~uopm` r`amt ietmhmomo ~momr pmol fm`i/ Iecef`hmo cm`o imveom cmgu

buv`ol pmol rmolmt cmkfmt reh`ollm mdm iecjollmvmo |mitu ievgm/ Ieiuvmolmoopm kec`~ut`

ietmhmomo tevhmdm~ iecekfmfmo pmol veodmh dmo kudmh uotui ~evtukfuhmo fmitev`/

\mcmu~uo ~eveimt ~mt` dmo deirtv`o tecmh d`luomimo regmi cmkm# mdm fefevm~m mcmrmo

keolm~m ~eveimt mcmk` tevrefut rebmvm ierecuvuhmo dm~mt d`lmot` deolmo ~eveimt r`otet`r/

Fev`iut `o` mdmcmh dmatmv iecef`hmo pmol keogmk`o ~eveimt tevrefut mimo recmcu keol`r`

~mrmv rmcmh rmtu geo`r ~eveimt/

Tevred`m ( vemdp rtjbi ) deolmo fm`i dmo kuvmh hmvlmopm/

Iumc`tmropm rtmf`c Mdher` ie recucjre dmo rufrtvmt cm`o rmolmt fm`i/ T`dmi cmvut dmcmk k`opmi dmo cekmi/ T`dmi fevmbuo dmo f`jdelvmdmfce/

Tmhmo ~umomr/

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Fmhmo fmiu

^mt` dmo deirtv`o ( deirtv`o mdmcmh ~mt` pmol d`~vjrer cef`h cmogut ) kevu~mimo ~jc`kev

imvfjh`dvmt# dmo rebmvm keodmrmv fevmrmc dmv` fmhmo pmol rmkm/ Rebmvm mcmk` ~mt` mdmcm

~jc`kev# ~jc`rmimv`dm# fevmrmc dmv` f`g`# mimv# dmo dmuo rumtu tmomkmo/ Hmopm red`i`t

tmomkmo pmol dm~mt keolhmr`cimo ~mt` dmcmk iumot`tmr pmol rebmvm eijojk`r tev~eouh`/

Tmomkmo tevrefut mdmcmh gmluol# lmoduk# ieotmol# fevmr# ietecm ~jhjo# dmo rmlu/ Iumc`tmr

~mt` pmol fm`i mimo keolhmr`cimo ~eveimt pmol fm`i gulm/

^mt` tevruruo mtmr dum kjceiuc mk`cmre dmo mk`cj~eit`o/ Mk`cmre keolmoduol vmotm`

hec`bmc pmol rmolmt ~mogmol# dmo mk`cj~eit`o kek~uopm` rvtuituv fevbmfmol/ ^mt` t`dmi

recmcu kek~uopm` ijk~jr`r` pmol revmlmk/ Rtvuituv kjceiucopm dmo vmr`j mk`cmre * mk`cj~eit`o fevqmv`mr` rerum` deolmo mrmc tmomkmoopm/ Jceh imveom `tu imvmitev ~vjrer`ol

dmo r`amt mih`vopm mimo fevqmv`mr`/ Ketjde pmol rmolmt ~eot`ol uotui kekfedmimo motmvm

~mt` + ~mt` tevrefut mdmcmh deolmo keoletmhu` fevmt kjceiuc avmir` mk`cmre dmo vmr`j

mk`cmre tevhmdm~ mk`cj~eit`o/

Mk`cj~eit`o dm~mt ievgm d`dmcmk m`v d`ol`o tetm~` mk`cmre t`dmi dm~mt/ Mk`cmre dm~mt cmvut

dmcmk mcimc` pmol rmolmt iumt# d`kmrmi deolmo ajvkmcdeh`dm# mtmu deolmo d`kmrmi dmcmk

m`v ~mdm =5> +=1>> B dmcmk teimomo tevteotu// ^eod`ol`omo dmo oetvmc`rmr` mk`cmre mimo

kekfeotui gecp ~mdm ijoreotvmr` d`mtmr 6% dmo mimo ~ver`~`tmr` ~mdm ijoreotvmr` d`fm|mh

6%/ Avmir` mk`cmre t`dmi ~evomh feomv feomv cmvut dmcmk m`v dmo ~mdm rmmt tevteotu mimo

kekfeotui iv`rtmc mlvelmte deolmo `imtmo h`dvjleo# ~vjrer tevrefut d`omkmimo

vetvjlvmdmt`jo mtmu retfmbi/ Vetvjlvmdmt`jo pmol keopefmfimo q`rijr`tmr t`dmi rtmf`c

dmcmk t`~e ~eveimt tevteotu pmol fevfmr`r` ~mt`/ ^vjreotmre mk`cmre dmcmk fevfmlm` ~mt` dmo

r`amtopm rerum` deolmo tmfec = fev`iut/

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Gmluol lmoduk fevmr tm~`jim ieotmol Rmlu

rukfev f`g` f`g` f`g` mimv mimv Fmtmol

Lvmouc d`mketev#

k`bvjor

5 +61 2 + 25 2 +8 2+ 25 =5 +=>> => +

Lecmt`o tek~# > B 16 + 65 61

Tmfec =/ R`amt r`amt ~mt` ijkevr`mc

Iefmopmimo ~mt` keolmoduol 6> 2> % mk`cmre |mcmu~uo geo`r ~mt` tevteotu keolmoduol

hmopm red`i`t rmk~m` >% mtmu ~mc`ol t`oll` rmk~m` 8> %/ Imveom mdmopm avmir` mk`cmre

kmim teuol tevrur~eor` dmcmk m`v d`ol`o pmol kmom rebmvm ereor`mc t`dmi mimo dm~mt

fevemir` refmlm` rumtu ~eveimt imveom ~mt` rmolmt tev`imt iumt dmcmk vel`jo+ vel`jo iv`rtmc/

Lvmoucm tevrefut hmvur d`fuim deolmo rumtu ~vjrer`ol uotui keodm~mtimo fjod`ol ~eveimt/

Kmouamituv ~eveimt ~mt`

^ekmomrmo dmcmk m`v mdmcmh ketjde pmol rmolmt dedevhmom uotui kekebmh lvmoucm ~mt`/

^mdm ~ekmomrmo dmcmk m`v# ~evtmkm lvmoucm ~mt` keollecekfuol dmo iekud`mo ~ebmh

pmol keolmhmr`cimo ~eoleotmcmo rur~eor`/ Tek~evmtuv d`kmom rur~eor` keogmd` ieotmc

d`omkmimo tek~evmtuv lecmt`jo/ Iefmopmimo rtmvbh dmcmk m`v kuvo` tek~evmtuv lecmt`jo

motmvm 5< rmk~m` B ( c`hmt tmfec =)/ Dmcmk feotui tevrefut ~mt` t`dmi feomv feomv

kecmvut tetm~` kevu~mimo rur~eor` ijcj`dmc/

^vjrer ~ekmomrmo mdm dum kmbmk# ~evtmkm# lmvmk ( f`mrmopm cjlmk icjv`dm# re~evt`

bmcr`uk# kmloer`uk dmo w`ob ) d`tmkfmhimo ie rur~eor` ~mt` deolmo m`v# dmo r`amt

~eveimtopm d`~vjduir` deolmo keoljotvjc tek~evmtuv dmo |mitu ~eolmduimo/ Dmcmk

ketjde pmol iedum# imurt`i rjdm d`tmkfmhimo iedmcmk rur~eor` ~mt` dmo ~vjrer retevuropm

~vjdui d`oetvmc`rmr` deolmo mrmk/

Reimvmol ~mrtm ~mt` kek~uopm` ieieotmcmo t`oll` dmo fevmir` refmlm` ~eveimt/ M~mf`cm

ijoreotvmr` ~mt` d`mtmr

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recmkm vemir`# f`mrmopm ~mt` cef`h ~ut`h d`fmod`ol uokjd`a`ed/ Imveom kmrmcmh fmu# fmhmo

tevrefut d`luomimo uotui r`w`ol dmo bjmt`ol ~m~ev ~v`ot`ol/ ^mt` icjv`omr` mtmu jir`dmr`

hmk~`v revu~m deolmo ~mt` kjd`a mrmk/ Tetm~` ~mt` jir`dmr` kek~uopm` tmbi ( ceoliet )

dmo imvmitev ~eveimt pmol cef`h t`oll` jceh imveom `tu rev`ol d`luomimo uotui m~c`imr`

~eveimt/

^vjrer Rte`o Hmcc

^vjrer ijkevr`mc ~evtmkm uotui kek~vjduir` ~eveimt ~mt` mdmcmh ~vjrer rte`o hmcc/

D`~evieomcimo ~mdm tmhuo =02> pmol kmom tugumoopm uotui ~eveimt fjx bjvulmted/ R`rtek

Rte`o Hmcc keolijkf`omr`imo r`amt ~mrtm ~mt` 8 0% vemtkeo dmo 65% fufuv ~mt` dmcmk

dum ijk~joeo# ~vjrer dum ijotm`oev refmlm`kmom d`lmkfmvimo ~mdm tmfec 6/ ^eolluommo

rjd`uk h`dvjir`dm uotui keouvuoimo tek~evmtuv lecmt`jo dmo fjvmir uotui keom`iimo

r`amt ceoliet/Bvjrrc`oievr dmo ~mt` ihurur d`luomimo uotui r`amt |mtev ver`rteobe/

+ tmkfmhimo 4>> cfr m`v dmo mdui# =>> cfr ~mt` gmluol d``iut` deolmo =< cfr imurt`i rjdm dmcmk 2lmc m`v/

+ ^momrimo deolmo um~ fevgmcmo rmk~m` B#ml`tmr` =5 kot recmogutopm eobevimo deolmo m`v5>>cfr

Tmoli` mtmr ( Bmvv`ev rtmvbh )

Kmruiimo =56> cfr m`v# tmkfmhimo fjvmir =< cfr# f`mvimormk~m` cmvut 6+2 kot dmo tmkfmhimo 5>> +1>> cfr ~mt` dmobmk~uv rmk~m` revmlmk/

+ ^evcmhmo cmhmo ijrjolimo `r` tmoli` mtmrkmruiimo ie dmcmk tmoli` fm|mh deolmo k`x`olpmol ea`r`eo dmo mdui rmk~m` ieieotmcmo ijortmo/

+ Mih`vopm kmruiimo ~eolm|et dmo md`t`a pmold`futuhimo/

Tmoli` fm|mh ( rur~eoded rtmvbh )

Tmfce 6/ ^vjrer Rte`o Hmcc 6 ijotm`oev uotui ~eveimt fevfmr`r ~mt`/

^mt` ~mrtm bjjied ( kmtmol ) q`rijr`tmr t`oll` fevauolr` refmlm` bmv`ev uotui keobelmh

lvmoucm ~mt` pmol dmcmk feotui fufuv keoleodm~/ G`im ~eveimt d`m~c`imr`imo dmod`~momrimo d`mtmr tek~evmtuv lecmt`jo# kmim lvmoucm mimo keogmd` lec# dmo mimo tevfeotui

~mrtm ieotmc pmol rmolmt ceoliet/

Ijotm`oev tuollmc mtmu ~vjrer tmo~m bmv`ev

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Ierecuvuhmoj~evmr` ~vjduir` d`mtmr dm~mt d`fumt dmcmk r`rtek ijotm`oev tuollmc d`kmom

fml`mo bmv`ev ~eveimt d`t`mdmimo/ ^mdm ~vjrer `o`# cmvutmo imurt`i rjdm d`tmkfmhimo ie

fufuv ~mt` uotui keollecekfuolimo lvmoucm ~mt` rebmvm revmlmk rmk~m` ieieotmcmo

~eveimt pmol d`d`ol`oimo te~eouh`/ Iekud`mo d`tmkfmhimo mrmk uotui keolheot`imo

~vjrer ~eollecekfuolmo rmk~m` ~vjrer lecmt`o`rmr` rek~uvom# recmogutopm pmol tevmih`v

fjvmir d`kmruimo/

M~mf`cm keop`m~imo ~eveimt ijotmoev tuollmc# rmolmtcmh ~eot`ol uotui feomv feomv

keoljotvjc ijoreotvmr` dmo tek~evmtuv fufuv ~mt` dmo cmvutmo imurt`i# dmo keolheot`imo

~vjrer ~eollecekfuolmo ~mdm rmmt pmol te~mt uotui keogmk`o ieieotmcmo pmol d`~evcuimo

rudmh tev~eouh`/ Aemtuve utmkm dmv` r`rtek ~mt` ijotm`oev tuollmc mdmcmh9

+ Cef`h red`i`t d`futuhimo ~momr uotui ~ekfeotuimo `imtmo/+ M`v fefmr cef`h red`i`t

+ Ieieotmcmo keol``iut` om`iopm iebe~mtmo ker`o

+ ^eop`k~momo pmol cef`h ru~ev`jv dmo rhemv rtmf`c`tp

Kmouamituv ~eveimt Deirtv`o

^eveimt deirtv`o d`fumt deolmo dvp+ vjmrted ~mt` deolmo imtmc`rt mrmk/ Kecmcu` tvemtkeo

deolmo ~momr dmo mrmk# kjceiuc ~mt` tevh`dvjc`rmr` keogmd` avmlkeo pmol cef`h ieb`c#

iekud`mo d`ve~jc`kev`rmr` keogmd` bmfmol pmol cef`h t`oll`# keogmd` kjceiuc pmol r`m~

cmvut deolmo uiuvmo kjceiuc pmol cef`h kjdevmt/ ^mt` gmluol rev`ol d`luomimo imveom

kuvmh hmvlmopm dmo tevred`m recmcu# |mcm~uo ~mt` pmol cm`o gulm d`luomimo/

T`dmi re~evt` ~mt`# deirtv`o kudmh cmvut dmcmk m`v/ Devmgmt rjcuf`c`tmropm d`teotuimo dmv`

iekmk~umo keoev`km ~evcmiumo ~momr dmo mrmk# pmol kmom kevu~mimo dmrmv icmr`a`imr`

deirtv`o/ Deirtv`o pmol rudmh d`a`o`rh`ol kevu~mimo fufui pmol rmolmt hmcur fevqmv`mr`

|mvomopm dmv` ~ut`h kuvo` rmk~m` bjicmt/

Mdm t`lm t`~e ~eveimt deirtv`o# deirtv`o ~ut`h# bmomvp mtmu deirtv`o iuo`ol# dmo fv`t`rh luk/

^evfedmmoopm d`teotuimo dmv` |mitu vjmrted# tek~evmtuv dmo imtmc`r pmol d`luomimo/

Tmfec 2 keollmkfmvimo r`amt ~eveimt deirtv`o/

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Md`t`a dmo kjd`a`ev

R`amt ~eveimt ~mt` dmo deirtv`o pmol dm~mt d`kjd`a`ir` kecmcu` ajvkucmr` mdmcmh ieieotmcmo#

imoduolmo ~mdmtmo# rtmf`c`tmr# tmbi# rc`~# rufrtvmt ~eoetvmt`jo# cmgu iev`ol# aceir`f`c`tmr#

ietmhmomo m`v dmo gmkuv dmo fempm/f`mrmopm ajvkucmr` tevlmotuol ~mdm

=/ geo`r ~mt` dmo kjd`a`imr`opm re~evt` pmol tecmh d`gecmrimo d`mtmr/

6/ md`t`a pmol d`luomimo/

Rev`olimc` ~eveimt deirtv`o dmo imdmol imdmol ~eveimt ~mt` d`ajvkucmr`imo deolmo

fjvmir( rjd`uk tetvm fjvmte) uotui keodm~mtimo tmbi pmol t`oll` ~mdm ijoreotvmr` dmo

ieieotmcmo pmol kjdevmt deolmo r`amt ml`ol tevteotu/ Kek~uopm` r`amt mdher` dmo

kmbh`o`ol pmol fm`i/ Fjvmir d`tmkfmhimo dmcmk gukcmh rmk~m` =>% fevdmrmv ~mt` iev`ol/

Rjd`uk h`dvjir`dm d`tmkfmhimo uotui keolijoqevr` fjvmir keogmd` rjd`uk ketmfjvmtepmol cef`h mit`a/ M~c`imr`opm kec`~ut` remc`ol vmi# remc`ol imvtjo# cmfec# cmk`omt`ol dmo cm`o

refmlm`opm/

^cmrt`r`ev d`luomimo uotui keoljotvjc ievm~uhmo ~eveimt g`im d`luomimo dmo keolmtuv cmgu

iev`ol/ ^cmrt`r`ev tevrefut mdmcmh lc`rev`o# lcpijc# rjvf`tjc# lcuijre# dmo lucm fevmir` refmlm`

mleo h`lvjrij~`r uotui keouvuoimo cmgu iev`ol a`ck ~eveimt/ ^cmrt`r`ev fefmr`r rmfuo#

~jc`lc`ijc# dmo dev`qmt`a rucajomted j`c kecukmr` ~cm~`rmo ~eveimt iet`im iev`ol kmim

keoduiuol aceir`f`c`tp/ Uvem# rjd`uk o`tvmte# rmcpr`c`b mb`d# dmo ajvkmcdeh`dm kek~cmrt`r

deolmo ~ekfeotuimo cmvutmo ~mdmt dmcmk ~eveimt pmol keolev`ol/

Fmhmo i`k`m re~evt` imcr`uk icjv`dm# uvem# rjd`uk o`tvmte# th`juvem# lmvmk lumo`d`oe dmo

cm`o cm`o d`luomimo refmlm` c`}u`a`ev uotui keoluvmol` q`rijr`tmr mtmu refmlm` hukeitmo

uotui keoljotvjc j~eo t`ke dmo cmgu iev`ol/ F`mrmopm d`tmkfmhimo rei`tmv 5 6>%

fevdmrmv ~mt` iev`ol/ Rtmf`c`rev ijcj`d re~evt` rmfuo dmo rjd`uk icjv`dm d`luomimo uotui

keoluvmol` iebeodevuolmo vetvjlvmdmt`jo/

^mt` mcmk` pmol kmk~u fevtmhmo dmcmk ietehmomo m`v devmgmt t`oll` dm~mt d`luomimo uotui

cmfec`ol# ~evmolij ~jr# dmo m~c`imr` pmol cm`oopm/ Uotui keo`olimtimo ietmhmomo m`v

d`ol`o dm~mt d`luomimo bmk~uvmo ~jc`q`o`c mcijhjc dmo ~jc`q`o`c mretmt/ ^eveimt tevrefut

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mimo cmvut dmcmk m`v ~momr pmol kmom kevu~mimo ieuotuolmo gulm/ Ietmhmomo tevhmdm~

iecekfmfmo pmol j~t`kmc d`~evjceh deolmo ~eomkfmhmo ver`o tevkjrett`ol# re~evt` uvem

ajvkmcdeh`dm mtmu verjvr`ojc ajvkmcdeh`dm/

A`cev k`oevmc re~evt` imjc`o bcmp# bmcr`uk imvfjomt# t`tmo`uk d`jir`dm rev`ol d`luomimo

dmcmk ~eveimt ~mt` dmo deirtv`o deolmo ijoreotvmr` 5 5>%/ Hmc tevrefut uotui

keoluvmol` fempm dmo ijotvjc ~eoetvmr` dmcmk ked`m ~jvjur/ Mleot th`irjtvj~` re~evt`

feotjo`t rev`ol gulm d`luomimo uotui m~c`imr` tevteotu uotui keoljotvjc ieieotmcmo/

Md`t`a cm`o pmol d`tekuimo dmcmk ~eveimt fevfmr`r ~mt` dmo deirtv`o mdmcmh ~verevqmt`a#

fcembh dmo deajmkev/ F`mrmopm ~eolluommo ~verevqmt`a uotui keogmlm mit`q`tmr k`ivjf`m

kec`~ut` ajvkmcdeh`dm ( 25% ~mdmt ) ~mdm = +6 %# tekfmlm rucamt >/6%# w`ob rucamt# feowjmt#acujv`de# dmo ~heojcr/ Tevcef`h dmhucu hmvur kek~evt`kfmolimo iekuoli`omo eaei vmbuo

refecuk kek`c`h ~verevqmt`a/ Fcembh`ol mleo pmol d`luomimo kec`~ut` rjd`uk ruca`t#

h`dvjleo dmo rjd`uk ~evjir`dm dmo rjd`uk ~evfjvmte/ Rjcqeo jvlmo`i d`luomimo uotui

keomkfmh iekmk~umo mdher` d`mtmr ~evkuimmo fevk`opmi/

M~c`imr` dmo ajvkucmr`

Iefmopmio ~eveimt ~mt` dmo deirtv`o d`luomimo uotui `odurtv` ievtmr dmo teirt`c/ ^v`or`~

~eolluommo mih`v dmv` ~eveimt d`lmkfmvimo dmcmk tmfec 4

M~~c`bmt`jo Rtmvbh Dextv`oA`fevfjmvd bmrer obcud`ol bjvvulmted fjxer mod rjc d fjmvd X X^m~ev fmlr X XBmvtjor X X\mcc~m~ev# hmol`ol ~mrter# r`wer mod f`odevr XB`lmvette kmouambtuve X XFjttce mod gmv cmfec`ol X XJthev cmfec`ol mod luk tm~e X X^cmrtevfjmvd ~vjdubt`jo X XTufe |`od`ol mod cmk`omt`jo X X

Eoqecj~e kmouambtuve X XFjji f`od`ol X

Tmfce 47 ^v`ob`~mc Eod+Urer ja Rtmvbh mod Dextv`o Mdher`qer

Iefmopmimo fjx lecjkfmol pmol d`luomimo uotui kekfumt imvtjo iufur d`rmkfuol

deolmo ~eveimt ~mt`/ Avmir` ~mt` pmol d`luomimo uotui ajvkucmr` ~eveimt d`lecmt`o`rmr`

deolmo cmvutmo imurt`i/ Iekud`mo d`fceod`ol deolmo rur~eor` ijoreotvmt lvmoucm ~mt`

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uokjd`a`ed/ ( c`hmt tmfec = )ajvkucmr` ~eveimt ~mt` t`~`imc keolmoduol feotjo`t refmlm`

mleot th`irjtvja`# fjvmir uotui kek~evbe~mt lecmt`o`rmr`# dmo red`i`t ~verevqmt`a refmlm`

~eolmhmkfmt ~evtukfuhmo fmitev`/ ^mdm ~evcmiumo deolmo ~momr lvmoucm ~mt`

keollecekfuol dmo ~ebmh# recmogutopm kekfeotui `imtmo pmol iumt/

^eveimt ~mt` d`luomimo dmcmk `odurtv` tmr/ Ieieotmcmo dmo rjc`d bjoteotopm vecmt`a veodmh/

F`mrmopm d`fumt dmv` deirtv`o ~ut`h pmol kudmh cmvut mtmu ~mt` kjd`a mrmk/ Ajvkucmr`opm

re~evt` d`lmkfmvimo tmfec 5 dmo 1/

Ajvkucmt`jo M\mtev 40/< ~f|\h`te dextv`o (04% rjc`dr) 20/Fjvmx 4/>^verevqmt`qe >/>=Mot`ajmk`ol mleot >/>2Bjji tj 85B ajv 6>+2> k`or9 bjjc tj vjjk tek~evmtuvemod mdd 5>% M}uejur OmJH =/6

Ajvkucmt`jo F

(Bmo fe ured ajv remkr jv fjttjkr)

\mtev 1Hemt tj Rjm~ >/6Uvem+ajvkmcdehpde Bjji |`th c`qe rtemk tj 05B# d`cute |`th bjcd |mtev#mod mdd Mkkjo`uk bhcjv`de =/4

Tmfce 5 7 Tp~`bmc R`de+Remk Mdher`qer ajv ^m~ev Fmlr

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Ajvkucmt`jo M\mtev /6

Rjm~ >/8Bjji tj 02B ajv 6>+2> k`or9 mdgurt rjc`dr tj 2>%

Ajvkucmt`jo F 2 (Bmo fe ured ajv remkr jv fjttjkr)

\mtev 1/6Hemt tj 88B# hjcd 6> k`o# bjjc tj 5/2

Tmfce 1 7 Tp~`bmc Fjttjk Mdher`qer ajv ^m~ev Fmlr

^eveimt cmk`omr` hmvur h`lh tmbi# ~evkemt`joopm veodmh tevhmdm~ ruftvmt# t`dmi kek~uopm`

r`amt buvc`ol/ ^eveimtopm gulm hmvur kekeouh` iefutuhmo ker`o cmk`omr`/ Deirtv`o ~ut`h

rev`ol d`luomimo uotui m~c`imr` `o`/ Ajvkucmr`opm re~evt` pmol d`lmkfmvimo ~mdm tmfec 5> % deirtv`o uotui

keo`olimtimo imoduolmo ~mdmt dmo uotui keoljotvjc j~eo t`ke/cmk`omr` aj`c

kekfutuhimo ~eveimt pmol fevfmr`r ver`o uotui mdher` dmo ietmhmomo tevhmdm~ m`v/ Geo`r

te~uol mcimc` keolhmr`cimo mdher` pmol rmolmt fmlur ie mcuk`o`uk aj`c dmo ietmhmomo

~momropm fmlur# tetm~` ietmhmomo m`vopm fuvui/

\mtev 54/1 ~f|\h`te dextv`o 6>/6Bcmp =2/5Uvem 1/Bjji tj lec

Tmfce < 7 Tp~`bmc Ajvkucmt`jo ajv m Cmk`omt`ol Mdher`qe

Reimvmol iefmopmimo ~m~evfjvmd imvtjo d`remc`ol deolmo lcue bm`v mtmu hjt kect mdher`qe/

Hmc tevrefut cef`h d`ruim` imveom iebe~mtmo j~evmr`opm t`oll` dmo iekmk~`mo uotui

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keceimt pmol iumt ie fevfmlm` kmbmk rufrtvmte/ Fmlm`kmom~uo ~eveimt deirtv`o d`luomimo

uotui fmopmi m~c`imr` d`kmom fempm refmlm` ~evt`kfmolmo utmkm/ ^eveimt remc`ol imvtjo

kekfutuhmimo ieieotmcmo pmol veodmh dmo rtmf`c# dmo hmvur be~mt iev`ol/ Ajvkucmr`

~eveimt deirtv`o uotui remc`ol imvtjo d`lmkfmvimo ~mdm tmfec 8/

\mtev ==/> ~f|\h`te dextv`o 8/>^verevqmt`qe >/6Fjvmx =/6Mot`ajmk`ol mleot >/>=Bjji tj 85B ajv 6> k`or# bjjc tj 48B# mod mdd5>% M}uejur OmJH >/=6

Tmfce 8 7 Tp~`bmc Ajvkucmt`jo ajv Bmvtjo Remc`ol7 46% Rjc`dr# 65>>+25>> b~r

^eveimt uotui cmfec# tm~er# mk~cj~ dmo m~c`imr` revu~m pmol kekfutuhimo iekmk~umo

ojobuvc`ol dmo t`dmi vurmi d`fm|mh ijod`r` cekfmf/ ^eveimt cmfec dmo tm~er hmvur

kek~uopm` iekmk~umo uotui iekfmc` fmrmh dmo cekfmf/ Hmc tevrefut kekfutuhimo

ajvkucmr` pmol keolmoduol ~mt` kjd`a mrmk mtmu deirtv` iuo`ol mtmu ~ut`h pmol rmolmt

kudmh cmvut mlmv dm~mt keolmoduol ~mdmtmo t`oll`/ Ajvkucmr` uotui ~eveimt pmol dm~mt

d`cekfmfimo cml` rev`ol d`luomimo uotui mk~cj~ d`lmkfmvimo ~mdm tmfec 0/

Peccj| dextv`o (05% rjcufce) 15/< ~f|\mtev 26/0Tv`futpc ~hjr~hmte >/6Hemt tj 88B ajv 2> k`o# bjjc tj 1>B# mod mdd Bjvo rpvu~ =/=

Tmfce 0 7 Ajvkucmt`jo ja Vekj`rteo`ol Mdher`qe

Deirtv`o dmo ~mt` ijoqevr` rev`ol d`luomimo uotui feol`imt cmfec/ ^mdm cmfec`ol fjtjc# ~mt`

~mdmtmo t`oll` fevfmr`r geccp luk keouoguiimo ~eveimt tmbip# cmkfmt iev`ol# dmo

ietmhmomo huk`d`tp/ Kek~uopm` r`amt veimt pmol fm`i ~mdm ~jc`eth`ceo dmo ~jc`~vj~`ceo/

^evukurmo deirtv`o d`luomimo g`im ijoreotvmr` pmol t`oll` dmo iebe~mtmo pmol d`~evcuimo/

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Veaeveober7

=/ Cmwmvur# D/K/# &Mdher`qer Fmred jo Rtmvbh Bhm~tev =># Mdher`qer mod Mdher`jo# Qjc/ 5=#>65 (=021)# 6#=>6#02< (=02)/2/ Gmvj|eoij# \/# &Rtmvbh Fmred Mdher`qer Bhm~tev =6# Hmodfjji ja Mdher`qer# qmo OjrtvmodVe`ohjcd# Oe| Pjvi# =02/

Ajvkucmr` @

CEK ^UT@H UOTUI ^CMK@V

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Oj/ Fmhmo (lv)

= M`v @ >

6 ^QM =6>

2 Mot`ajmk 5

4 Ruvambtmot 6

5 Imjc`o 5>

1 M`v (uotui kecmvutimo

imjc`o)

5>

< Mbvpc`b =>>

8 Ajvkmc`o 6

Ajvkucmr` @@

CEK FEO@OL MOMI+MOMI

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Oj/ Fmhmo (lv)

= M`v 85>

6 ^QM =6>

2 Ajvkmc`o 6

^vjreduv ~ekfumtmo

=/ T`kfmol m`v 85> lv# kmruiimo ie vemitjv/

6/ Tmkfmhimo ^QM =6> lv# ~momrimo rmkf`c d`mdui ~ecmo ~ecmo/

2/ Retecmh cmvut rekum tmkfmhimo ajvkmc`o 6 lv

4/ d`ol`oimo# kmruiimo dmcmk tek~mt ~eop`k~momo/

Ajvkucmr` @@@

CEK IEVTMR*IMVTJO REVFMLUOM

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Oj/ Fmhmo (lv)

= ^jtmtj Rtmvbh 5>

6 Bjvo Rtmvbh 5>

2 Bjurt`b rjdm 2/6

4 Uvem 64

5 M`v 5>>

1 Ajvkmc`o =/5

=/ Cmvutimo imurt`i rjdm 2/6 lv dmcmk =>> kc m`v/

6/ Tmkfmhimo uvem# mdui rmk~m` vmtm/

2/ T`kfmol ~jtmtj rtmvbh 5> lv# bjvo rtmvbh 5> lv/ Kmruiimo dmcmk vemitjv# iekud`mo

tmkfmhimo r`rm m`v 4>> kc mdui rmk~m` vmtm cmcu d`~momrimo/

4/ tumolimo cmvutmo imurt`i iedmcmk 2 rebmvm ~ecmo ~ecmo/

5/ recmogutopm tmkfmhimo ajvkmc`o/

Fmf < ^eveimt ^cmrt`rjc ^QB

^eolmotmv

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^cmrt`rjc mdmcmh rumtu d`r~evre dmv` ver`o tevkj~cmrt`r pmol rmolmt cekfut dmcmk bm`vmo#

f`mrmopm ~jcpq`opc bhcjv`de dmcmk ~cmrt`b`wev/ Hmr`c ~mrtmopm kevu~mimo bm`vmo pmol

rmolmt ieotmc# m~mf`cm d`~momr` mimo keogmd` hjkjleo reh`ollm keolhmr`cimo amre ~mdmt

pmol tuollmc/ G`im d`d`ol`oimo ~cmrt`rjc keogmd` fmhmo pmol imiu deolmo r`amt a`r`r pmol

fm`i/ Recmkm fevtmhuo tmhuo fmhmo pmol kuvmh `o` keogmd` ~j~ucmv refmlm` ~eveimt dmo

remcmot/

Mcmrmo utmkm ieruirermo ~cmrt`rjc mdmcmh kuvmh dmo m~c`imr`opm kudmh/ Tek~evmtuve

uotui tevgmd` buv`ol mtmu kmtmol pmol d`futuhimo ~cmrt`rjc dmcmk i`rmvmo =2>> B rmk~m`

=4>> B/ Rebmvm ijkevr`mc d`gumc refmlm` ~mrtm rmtu ijk~joeo# dmcmk m~c`imr`opm t`dmi

d`~evcuimo ~eoluiuvmo mtmu ~eobmk~uvmo/ Ieiumtmo `imtmo kjdevmt t`oll` dm~mt d`~evjceh

uotui fevfmlm` kmbmk rurftvmt/ Aceir`f`c`tmr gmolim ~mogmol kevu~mimo iecef`hmo

tevreod`v` pmol kmom ~cmrt`rjc dm~mt keolmijkjdmr` levmimo vecmt`a d`motmvm rufrtvmt dmo

fevmir` refmlm` ~evedmk letmvmo/ ^ev`cmiu pmol dek`i`mo kekfumt ~cmrt`rjc dm~mt

fevijk~et`r` dmcmk dum kmviet ~eveimt dmo remcmot/

Fmhmo ~cmrt`rjc dm~mt d`ajvkucmr`imo keogmd` furm pmol cekfut mtmu ~mdmt ievmr vm~mt#

pmol kmom kmr`h rmolmt imiu ~mdm ruhu veodmh/ Ieievmrmo ~cmrt`rjc dm~mt d`ajvkucmr`imo

dmcmk i`rmvmo 2> rmk~m` 0> rhjve M dmo i`rmvmo teor`ce rtveolht motmvm rmk~m` 25>>

~r`/ Dm~mt d`ajvkucmr`imo uotui tmhmo i`k`m# tmhmo bumbm deolmo mdmopm lvu~ bhcjv`okeogmd` reca ext`olu`rh/ Tek~evmtuv ievgm ~cmrt`rjc fevi`rmv motmvm >> B rmk~m` =65> B/

Iecekmhmo ~eveimt ~cmrt`rjc pmol keojogjc mdmcmh tek~evmtuv buv`ol pmol t`oll` reh`ollm

keopefmfimo ietevfmtmrmo m~c`imr`opm ~mdm rufrtvmt pmol reor`t`a tevhmdm~ ~momr mtmu

dmcmk m~c`imr` pmol d`hmvm~imo ~eolvmolmo ijorukr` eoevl`opm/ Mdm iekuoli`omo tevgmd`

ijvjr` d`refmfimo imveom ~ekfefmrmo dmv` HBC ( h`dvjleo bhcjv`dm ) rei`tmv dmevmh hjt

r~jt rmkfuolmo/ Rmmt `o` rudmh fmopmi d`iekfmolimo ~eveimt r`otet`r uotui keomkfmh

r`amt ~eveimt ~cmrt`rjc# tetm~` t`dmi rmtu~uo ~eveimt tevrefut kmk~u uotui d`gumc kuvmh/

^jcpq`opc bhcjv`de dmcmk ~eveimt dmo remcmot

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Ver`o ~jcpq`opc ( ^QB) t`dmi d`vmluimo cml` kevu~mimo ver`o thevkj~cmrt`i pmol rmolmt

keomv`i/ Kevu~mimo ver`o pmol tevtum# tevred`m dmcmk fmopmi qmv`mr` geo`r ver`o ^QB dmo

dm~mt d`kjd`a`imr` deolmo fevfmlm` imoduolmo reopm|m uotui m~c`imr` deolmo r~eitvuk

pmol rmolmt cumr/ Ver`o ^QB remvm cumr d`luomimo uotui ~mfv`imr` fevfmlm` kmbmk fmvmol

tevkmrui fmvmol eirtvud`ol# imceodev`ol dmo kjcd`ol/

Rebmvm ukuk ^QB ver`o kek~uopm` rjcuf`c`tmr# bjk~mt`f`c`tp dmo rtmf`cm`tmr thevkmc pmol

tevfmtmr# pmol kmom kekfmtmr` ~eolluommo ~eveimt hmopm uotui mvem r~er`a`i rmgm/ ^eveimt

fevfmr`r ver`o ^QB d`tekuimo ~eolluommoopm dmcmk fevfmlm` feotui# rjcqeot fjvoe# |mtev

fjvoe# dvp ~j|dev dmo rmtu ~mbi ~cmrt`rjc pmol t`dmi keolum~/

Ver`o ^QB pmol d`luomimo dmcmk ~eveimt kevu~mimo ~vjdui ~jc`kev`rmr` rur~eor` mtmu

ekucr`/ ^vjre ~jc`kev`rmr`opm d`v`olimr re~evt` tmfec =/ Ver`o ^QB pmol rev`ol d`luomimo

dmcmo ~eveimt dmo remcmot f`mrmopm q`opc bhcjv`de hjkj~jc`kev# |mcmu~uo q`opc mretmt

d`luomimo gulm/

Tp~e ja ^jcpkev`wmt`jo

^vjberr Bhmvmbtev`rt`br ^vjberr

Rur~eor`jo

@oqjcqer the avee vmd`bmc

bmtmcpwed ~jcpkev`wmt`jo ja d`rbvete dvj~cetr ja q`opc bhcjv`dekjojkev rur~eoded `o |mtev fpml`tmt`jo/ ^vjtebt`qe bjccj`dr mvelecmt`o# kethpc beccucjre#~jcpq`opc bhcjv`de# etb/

The rur~eod`ol mleot `r d`rrjcqed `o de`jo`wedmod demevmted |mtev mod mdded tj m lcmrr+c`oed

jv rtm`ocerr vembtjv/ The vekm`odev ja the|mtev# bmtmcprt# mod jthev mdd`t`qer mve theomdded/ C`}uea`ed kjojkev `r ~uk~ed `o# modthe bcjred rprtek `r theo hemted tj mfjut 5>Bmod vm`red tj =65 ~r`/ Tp~`bmc bjoqevr`jo vmtermve 06+02% mod ~mvt`bce r`wer mve mfjut =>>k`bvjor/

Ekucr`jo

@oqjcqer the ure ja ruvambe mbt`qemleotr (ekucr`a`evr) mod |mtevrjcufce bmtmcprtr/ Mcthjulhml`tmt`jo `r oeberrmvp# the

ekucr`jo `r rtmf`c`wed fp theruvambe mbt`qe mleotr/

The ~vjberr `r r`k`cmv tj the rur~eor`jo~jcpkev`wmt`jo ~vjberr/ Mt the bjobcur`jo ja the vembt`jo# uovembted kjojkev `r vebjqevedfp qmbuuk mod vebpbced/ The rtmf`c`wev c`ierjd`uk bmvfjomte `r theo mdded tj the cmtex#mod the cmtex `r r~vmp dv`ed/ ^mvt`bcer avjk theekucr`jo ~vjberr mve mfjut = k`bvjo/

Tmfce =7 Rur~eor`jo mod Ekucr`jo ^jcpkev`wmt`jo ^vjberrer ajv ^jcpq`opc Bhcjv`de

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Ver`o rur~eor` tev~jc`kev`rmr` d`gumc dmcmk feotui ~j|dev pmol kmom dm~mt (=)

d`cmvutimo dmcmk rjcqeo pmol iumt uotui ~eolluommo ~eveimt rjcqeo fjvoe mtmu (6)

d`bmk~uv deolmo ~cmrt`b`wev dmo fmhmo cm`o dmcmk ajvkucmr` ~eveimt ~cmrt`rjc ~mdmt =>>% /

^QB ~j|dev dm~mt cmolruol d`luomimo uotui bjmt`ol ~eveimt/

Ver`o ^QB ekucr` tev~jc`kev`rmr` dm~mt d`~evluomimo refmlm` ~eveimt imteir |mtevfjvoe#

tetm~` dm~mt gulm fevfeotui fufui pmol rmolmt hmcur/ ^vjrer r~vmp dvp`ol d`luomimo dmcmk

j~evmr` feotui ~j|dev/ Uiuvmo fufuiopm =*=>> uiuvmo ~j|dev pmol d`kmouamituv kecmcu`

~vjrer rur~eor` ~jc`kev`rm`# dmo hmr`copm f`mrm kevugui ~mdm lvmde ver`o ^QB d`r~evr`/

^vjdui d`r~evr` d`luomimo refmlm` ijk~joeo utmkm ~eveimt dmo remcmot ~cmrt`rjc/

^eveimt dmo remcmot ^QB ~cmrt`rjc

^cmrt`rjc kevu~mimo ijk~jr`r` re~evt` ~mrtm =>>% ojo qjcmt`ce ( kevugui ~mdm q`opc ~mrtm

)/ Keolmoduol bmk~uvmo ~mvt`iec ~jc`kev ^QB pmol fevuiuvmo cekfut dmo bm`vmo

~cmrt`b`wev# re~evt` ~hthcmte dmo e~jxp/ Md`t`a cm`o pmol d`luomimo dmcmk ajvkucmr`

~cmrt`b`wev ^QB re~evt` dmcmk tmfec 6/

^QB hjkj~jcpkev ver`or ^QB bj~jcpkev ver`or ^cmrt`b`wevr @oevt a`ccev (e/l/# bmcb`uk bmvfjomte) Hemt rtmf`c`wevr Mb`d rbmqeolevr Mdher`jo ~vjkjtevr Bvjrrc`oi`ol mleotr

Tmfce 67 @olved`eotr Bjkkjocp Ured `o Ajvkucmt`ol ^QB ^cmrt`rjcr

Aemtuve utmkm ver`o ^QB pmol d`luomimo dmcmk ajvkucmr` ~cmrt`rjc mdmcmh uiuvmo

~mvt`iecopm/ Hmvur kevu~mimo lvmde d`r~evr` fufui ^QB (= k`bvjo d`mketev)/ Rpmvmt pmol

cm`o mdmcmh ver`o hmvur tmhmo tevhmdm~ ~ecmvutmo ~mdm tek~evmtuv vumol dmo ~eop`k~mom

reh`olm ~vjdui mih`vopm kek~uopm` ~vmbt`bmc rheca c`ae/

Dmcmk ijod`r` bm`v mtmu ~mrtm# ~cmrt`rjc dm~mt d`~jk~m dmo d`refmvimo d`motmvm rufrtvmt

deolmo ~evmcmtmo pmol kuvmh dmo ~vjrer pmol t`dmi iv`t`r/ Imveom ~cmrt`rjc kevu~mimo

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~mrtm pmol =>>% ojo qjcmt`ce tmo~m vemir` eirjtevk g`im buv`ol# jceh imveom `tu dm~mt

d`m~c`imr`imo dmcmk feotui pmol vecmt`a tefmc tmo~m iumt`v tevgmd` kmrmcmh lecekfuol dmo

fc`rtev`ol/ ^cmrt`rjc vecmt`a mkmo d`luomimo d` ~mfv`i |mcmu~uo mdm urmhm pmol d`ajiurimo

~mdm ~eolluommo ~cmrt`b`wev pmol cef`h vmkmh c`oliuolmo dmo t`dmi fevmbuo/

^cmrt`b`wev bm`v rebmvm vecmt`a kek~uopm` q`rijr`tmr pmol vecmt`a rtmf`c ~mdm tek~evmtuv

vumolmo/ M~mf`cm d`ex~jre ~mdm tek~evmtuv pmol cef`h t`oll` dmcmk i`rmvmo =2> B rmk~m`

deolmo 4>> B# kmim ~cmrt`b`wev mimo kecmvutimo ~mvt`iec ~jc`kev ^QB rur~eor`#

keolhmr`cimo ~vjdui lmfuolmo pmol cef`h ~evkmoeo/ ^evufmhmo dmv` bm`vmo keogmd` ~mdmt

kecmcu` dum tmhm~ re~evt` pmol d`gecmrimo ~mdm lmkfmv = fev`iut/

A`luve =7 Rbhekmt`b ja ~cmrt`rjc lecmt`jo mod aur`jo (tj~7 feajve bjoqevr`jo9 fjttjk7 matev

bjoqevr`jo)/

Tmhm~ ~evtmkm mdmcmh lecmt`jo# pmol tevgmd` ~mdm 15 B dmo kevufmh ~cmrt`rjc keogmd`

feotui rek` ~mdmt tetm~` deolmo rtvuituv pmol cekmh# pmol kmom t`dmi dm~mt keolmc`v/

Recmogutopm g`im tek~evmtuv d`om`iimo kmim kjceiuc ~jc`kev om`i levmimoopm dmo keogmd`

cef`h ijk~mi/ Kmomimcm ~mvt`iec rudmh keopefmv tevgmd` tmhm~ `oqevr`/ M|mcopm ~mvt`iecver`o ~mdmt tevd`r~evr` dmcmk ~cmrt`b`wev fevufmh keogmd` ~cmrt`b`wev tevd`r~evr` dmcmk ver`o/

^ekmomrmo cef`h cmogut ie tek~evmtuv m~c`imr` kmir`kuk keolhmr`cimo ~eollmfuolmo #

hjkjleo`tmr dmo ~eviekfmolmo rmk~m` ieiumtmo kmir`kuk/ Tek~evmtuv ~mrt` pmol

d`futuhimo uotui ~vjrer tevlmotuol dmv` ajvkucmr`/

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Qmv`mfec qmv`mfec ajvkucmr`/

Ajvkucmr` ~eveimt ~cmrt`rjc f`rmopm hmopm keolmoduol 6> +65 % fevmt ^QB ver`o/Ijk~jr`r` pmol re~evt` `tu d`gecmrimo ~mdm tmfec 2/ Ijk~joeo ver`o ~qb rekumopm fjceh

lvmde d`r~evr` mtmu bmk~uvmo dmv`

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Fmlm`kmom~uo ~ek`c`hmo ~cmrt`b`wev kevu~mimo reogmtm pmol rmolmt ~eot`ol fml`

ajvkucmtjv/ ^hthmcmt f`mrmopm d`luomimo refmlm` ~cmrt`b`wev dmcmk ^QB ~cmrt`rjc/

^cmrt`b`wev pmol dm~mt d`luomimo uotui hjkj~jc`kev`w`ol re~evt` d`mccpc ~hthmcmte mtmu j`c

e~jx`d`wed mimo kek~uopm` ieieotmcmo ~mrtm pmol veodmh tetm~` t`dmi fevmir` refmlm`

~cmrt`rjc pmol iumt retecmh ~eollmfuolmo/ ^cmrt`b`wev pmol fmvu re~evt` feowjmte ertev gulm

kekfmotu ajvkucmtjv uotui keom`iimo ~evajvkmobe/ Kek~uopm` dmpm kekebmh ^QB

pmol t`oll`/ Jceh imveom `tu dm~mt d`luomimo ~mdm ijoreotvmr` pmol veodmh tmo~m

keoljvfmoimo acu`d`tmr ~mrtmopm/ Fefevm~m ~cmrt`b`wev pmol rmolmt fevhmr`c mdmcmh

bmk~uvmo re~evt` d`~vj~pceoe lcpbjc d`feowjmte ( D^LDF) dmo tv`ethpceoe lcpbjc

d`feowjmte/

Gm|mfmo cm`o tevhmdm~ kmrmcmh acu`d`tmr ~mrtm dmo hmr`c gmd` pmol imiu mdmcmh ~eolluommo

m~m pmol d`omkmimojvlmojrjc/ Jvlmojrjc re~evt` ~cmrt`rjc iebumc` hmopm d`tmkfmh rjcqeot

refmlm` th`oev/ Rjcqeo fevauolr` refmlm` vedurev ieieotmcmo refecuk tevgmd` aur`jo (

~eollmfuolmo)# keolum~ dmo ~evl` keo`ollmcimo ~vjdui pmol imiu retecmh tevgmd` ~vjrer/

Teotu rmgm dmcmk ajvkucmr` pmol re~evt` `o` ieuollucmo r`rtek ojo qjcmt`ce keogmd` h`cmol/

^mdm m~c`imr` tevteotu om`iopm ieieotmcmo ~mrmtm d`~evcuimo/ ^eveimt dmo remcmot pmol mimo

d`m~c`imr`imo ~mdm ~evkuimmo pmol qevt`imc hmvur kek~uopm` rml ver`rtmobe mtmu r`amt

th`xjtvj~`r/ Kmrmcmh |mitu dm~mt d`~evt`kfmolimo motmvm |mitu kmomimcm ~eveimtd`m~c`imr`imo deolmo |mitu d`kmom tevgmd` ~vjrer buv`ol/ A`ccev# re~evt` ~veb`~`tmted

bmcb`uk bmvfjomte f`mrmopm d`luomimo uotui keodm~mtimo r`amt ojo rml/

Bmcb`uk bmvfjomte kek~uopm` kmoammt iedum dmcmk iekmk~umoopm uotui keolh`cmolimo

HBc pmol tevfeotui dmv` vemir` ~mvr`mc ~cmrt`rjc/ Auobt`jomc bmcb`uk bmvfjomte f`mrmopm

d`luomimo fevrmkm deolmo lvjuod bmcb`uk bmvfjomote/ Tmfec 2 keollmkfmvimo ajvkucmr`

~cmrt`rjc pmol keolluomimo a`ccev re~evt` tevrefut/

Bjk~joeot ^mvtr fp \e`lht ^QB ~jcpkev(r) 65^cmrt`b`wev(r) 21

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^veb`~`tmted bmcb`uk bmvfjomte 6>Lvjuod bmcb`uk bhcjv`de =6Jthev mdd`t`qer `obcud`ol7

Mdher`jo ~vjkjtevr Hpdvjbmvfjo j`cr Hemt rtmf`c`wev Mb`d rbmqeolev Bvjrrc`oiev

rmk~m` =>>% dmo teor`ce rhemv rtveolth ~mdm jvde 4>> > ~r` ~mdm fmgm/

Ieiumtmo `imtmo pmol cef`h t`oll` f`mrmopm t`dmi d`~evcuimo ~mdm m~c`imr` rekmbmk `tu

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imveom cumropm dmevmh `imtmo/ Rev`ol ~eveimt ~cmrt`rjc d`luomimo uotui keolec`k`omr` mtmu

keollmot` dmevmh feimr cmr/

^eveimt ~cmrt`rjc kek~uopm` dmpm veimt pmol eireceo ~mdm cjlmk pmol fevk`opmi/ Jceh

imveom `tu kek~uopm` relkeo ~mrmv tevreod`v` ~mdm `odurtv` kjf`c/ Fmlm`kmom~uo ^QB~cmrt`rjc mimo delvmdmr` rebmvm be~mt d`mtmr ruhu 6>> B deolmo tevce~mropm HBc/ G`im

tevce~mropm re|mitu buv`ol kmim mrmk mimo kekfumt fcmbieo`ol ~mdm rufrtvmt/

^eveimt ~cmrt`rjc d`luomimo ~mdm `odurtv` teirt`c dmo imv~et/ ^eveimtmo teirt`c# kec`~ut`

cmk`omr` a`ck dmo bjmt`ol im`o/ Iefmopimo m~c`imr` `tu kec`~ut` ~ecm~`rmo ~mdm im`o# fmhmo

im`o pmol f`mrm d`luomimo mdmcmh opcjo dmmo ~jcpertev/ ^eveimt ~cmrt`rjc d`luomimo uotui

kecm~`r` ~vjdui teirt`c f`mrmopm kek~uopm` imoduolmo a`ccev `ojvlmo`i cj| ceqec dmo

rebmvm vecmt`a ceqec t`oll` ^QB ver`o/ Tmfec 4 keollmkfmvimo fefevm~m ajvkucmr` ~cmrt`rjc

pmol d`luomimo uotui cmk`omr` a`ck q`opc dmo ~jcpertev teirt`c/

Ajvkucmt`jo MBjotvjc

Ajvkucmt`jo F Bjotm`o`olBvjrrc`oievBjk~joeot

^mvtr fp \e`lht Bj~jcpkev QB ver`o =>> =>>D`jbtpc ~hthmcmte 8> Tv`kethpcjc~vj~moe+

Tv`kethmbvpcmte +++ =>

D`fmr`b cemd ~hjr~hmte 6 6

^eec rtveolth# cfr * `o/ ja |`dth >/5 =/>

Tmfce 47 Rtmodmvd Ajvkucm ajv m ^QB ^cmrt`rjc ajv Fjod`ol Q`opc A`ck tj ^jcpertev Text`ce7 ^eec

Rtveolth qr/ Ajvkucm Bjotm`o`ol Bvjrrc`oiev 2

Mih`v mih`v `o` ~eolluommo ~cmrt`rjc ^QB ~mdm f`dmol tevteotu tecmh d`lmoot` deolmo

~cmrt`rjc mbv`c`i dmo ~eveimt dmo remcmot ~jcpuvethmoe/ \mcmu~uo fmhmo tevrefut vecmt`a kmhmc dmo fmhmo ~jcpuvethmoe dmcmk ~eolluommoopm kekevcuimo ~eoluiuvmo dmo

~eobmk~uvmo# tevopmtm fmhmo tevrefut keouoguiimo ~eviekfmolmo mdher` tevhmdm~ fmopmi

rufrtvmt ( AVB# ~jc`kev ~eim ~momr dmo cm`o cm`o ) pmol kmom hmc ptevrefut fmopmi

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d`luomimo dmcmk `odurtv` jtjkjt`a dmo teirt`c/ Tmfec 5 keouoguiimo ~evfmod`olmo r`amt

remcmot ~cmrt`rjc dmo ~jcpuvethmoe pmol f`mrm d`luomimo dmcmk `odurtv` jtjkjt`a/

^vj~evtp ^jcpuvethmoe Remcmot Q`opc ^cmrt`rjc Remcmot

Teor`ce rtveolth mt 62B =8>> ~r` 28> ~r`Ecjolmt`jo mt 62B =>> ~evbeot =5> ~evbeotTemv rtveolth mt 62B = cfr*`o 0> cfr*`oRhjve M hmvdoerr mt 62B 85 B ^mrr Am`c

Tmfce 57 Tp~`bmc ^vj~evt`er ja m ^jcpuvethmoe mod Q`opc ^cmrt`rjc Remcmot4

Veaeveober

=/ ^veb`~`tmted Bmcb`uk Bmvfjomte Vhejcjlp Kjd`a`ev Beotev# &^QB * Mbvpc`b ^cmrt`rjcrR~eb`mcBhek4Mdher`qer/bjk# 6>>5/

6/ Mveodt# \/D/# mod Cmol# G/# &Oe| Feowjmte ^cmrt`b`wevr ajv ^jcpq`opc Bhcjv`de Gjuvomc

ja Q`opc ! Mdd`t`qe Tebhojcjlp# Re~tekfev =088# ~~/ =84+=88/

2/ Gjpbe# R/A/# mod Veorhm|# G/T/# &Ajvkucmt`ol ^cmrt`rjc Cmk`omt`ol Mdher`qe ajv Q`opc tj

Rpothet`b Bjk~jr`ter R^E MOTEB# =0# ~~/ 60+2=/

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