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Uftfr Ibsfcmb

Nfcmlilbwbc mbc Ifiubsbbc

Obc`bc kfcoubd ififgbsbcmfkl ifiubsbbc

Gfcobklc Jrbcidlc

Gb`l nfcmlilbwbc , ifkfrmfibbc bmbdba umbrb ybc` kfc`lsl rhc``b pfrcbjbsbccyb.Ifkfrmfibbc kfrupbibc sybrbt almup kfrfib . ]lmbi kuc`ilc mlgbybc`ibc sfhrbc`

nfcmlilbwbc glsb almup tbcpb ifgfgbsbc . Ifgfgbsbc kfc`bsukslibc bmbcyb gfrgb`bl

pfcmbpbt , mbc ou`b pfrtuibrbc plilrbc . Lctfdfitubdlskf tbi bibc tukgua mbdbk subsbcbihcjhrklskf .l plabi dblc , ifbmbbc gfgbs mbc tfrguib kfcylc`ilribc tlkgudcyb

gbcybi pfklilrbc shslbd ybc` lcmfpfcmfc , ybc` kfdbiuibc mlsiursus sbtu tfrabmbp

hrbc` dblc bdbk subsbcb sfpfrtl ltu sfhrbc` nfcmlilbwbc mldbalribc, mlbsua , mbcmlgfsbribc .

!ftlbp kbsybrbibt kfkpucybl sfobrba trbmlsl lctfdfitubdlskfcyb sfcmlrl. !ftlbpkbsybrbibt sfnbrb pbrtliudbr kfkgutuaibc pfsbc pbrb nfcmlilbwbc , sfsubl mfc`bcprlhrltbs tu`bscyb sfcmlrl sfpbmbc mfc`bc kbsbdba"kbsbdba ybc` mlabmbpl . Ibdbc`bc

nfcmlilbwbc ml Lcmhcfslb pbmb tbauc"tbauc tfrbialr lcl ifkgbdl kfkpfrhdfa pfrabtlbc

Oustru ibrfcb cbkpbi , gbawb pfsbc kfrfib sfkbilc tukpud mbc kfcyfkplt . ]u`bsuctui kfkpfrtbcybibc abd"abd ybc` tfrobml ml kbsybrbibt pbmb tbauc"tbauc tfrbialr lcl

gbcybi kfc`bdbkl abkgbtbc .

#bkgbtbc ltu tfrdfgla mbtbc` mbrl mbdbk , ybltu mbrl ihkltkfc ibuk lctfdfitubd sfcmlrl

Ifnfrfwftbc kfrfib gfrafctl , iftlib kfrfib kfcobml pfc`bgml mbrl subtu susucbc nltb"

nltb tfrtfctu k ybc` slbp uctui mllkpdfkftbslibc . l sltu ifkuc`ilcbc gfsbr ibuk

lctfdfitubd ifaldbc`bc splrlt mbc ibrbitfrcyb ybc` iausus , ybltu sfgb`bl hrbc` $hrbc`ybc` gfrtbcyb . Ghdfa obml lcldba ybc` kfcobml sfgbg , kfc`bpb hrbc` kfcobml rfsba

kfc`fcbl ibuk lctfdfitubd ybc` sumba ifaldbc`bc ibrbitfr ifrfsbabccyb . ]frdlabt

ifnfcmfruc`bc ml kbcb pfrbc pbrb nfcmlilbwbc ltu gfrugba kfcobml pfdbisbcb"pfdbisbcbtfrtfctu mbrl sfguba kfslc phdltli ybc` gfsbr . l sbcb mlb glsb gfrpfrbc kfcobml sfhrbc`

tfichirbt , glrhirbt btbu prhjfsslhcbd .

%mb pudb ifkuc`ilcbc kfrfib kfdbiuibc ihkprhkl phdltli , sfalc``b rubc` `frbi

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uctui kfdbiuibc wbnbcb lctfdfitubd kfcobml sfkplt mbc tfrgbtbs 'bmbabd wbnbcb

sfkbnbk ltu glsb kfc`liutsfrtbibc ifsfduruabc kbsybrbibt sfrtb kfcobml sbrbcb gb`l

pfcmlmlibc phdltli kfrfib . Olib ibuk lctfdfitubd tfdba kfcobml sbtubc"sbtubc ahkh`fcmbc tfrihtbi"ihtbi mbdbk gfrgb`bl dfkgb`b phdltli mfc`bc bgshdutlskf sfcmlrl"sfcmlrl ,

kbib ybc` pbdlc` mlru`libc bmbdba kbsybrbibt rbkbl . (frfib ou`b dbdu nfcmfruc` sbdlc`

kfc`unldibc . Ifbmbbc sfkbnbk lcl glsb gfrkubrb pbmb prhsfs jrb`kfctbsl mbc bdlfcbslml bctbrb ifdhkphi"ifdhkphi kbsybrbibt . !fpfrtl tfdba tfrobml mlkbsb )ohr"ohrbc

phdltli) ml kbsb *rmf +bkb.

Guibc kbsiumcyb kfrfkfaibc pfrbc `bcmb pbrb lctfdfitubd tfrsfgut , ibrfcb kfkbc`

bmb sbbt uctui kfdbiuibc fisprlkfc"fisprlkfc tfrtfctu ml kbsybrbibt . bkuc , iftlib

rfiutkfc tfrsfgut kfc`abglsibc sfdurua tfcb`b lctfdfitubd ybc` bmb , kbib kucnud

tbcmb"tbcmb , gbawb pfrtbcybbc"pfrtbcybbc irltls guibc db`l kfrupbibc pfrabtlbc sfrtbif`lbtbc utbkb mbrl ibdbc`bc nfcmlilbwbc lcl .

bdbk ifbmbbc ihcjhrklskf mbc tfrpfnba"gfdba sfkbnbk lcl glsb kucnud gfrgb`bl

fisfs ybc` ihctrb prhmuitlj . -hdhc`bc lcl glsb kfc`bdbkl prhsfs pfc`frbsbc ybc`mlabsldibc hdfa phslsl"phslsl phdltli kfrfib. bc tlkgud pudb ifnfcmfruc`bc ybc` tlmbi

prhmuitlj , iftlib pfrnbibpbc ml bctbrb pbrb lctfdfitubd kfcobml pfrnbibpbc ybc` sfibmbrsbdlc` kfc`lybibc phslsl mh`kbtls kfrfib. ctba , mbrl ibdbc`bc ilrl btbu ibcbc gfrtfku

mbdbk subsbcb , ml kbcb tlmbi db`l tfrobml wbnbcb irltls ml bctbrb kfrfib. !fgbg, irltli

mlbc``bp lmfctli mfc`bc upbyb kfc`abcnuribc mbc kfc`bdbaibc phslsl ybc` dblc

l sbkplc` ltu, cbkpbi pudb fispdhrbsl ifldkubc , iaususcyb mbdbk ldku"ldku shslbd,

sfkbilc iurbc` mlsbmbrl hdfa pfcfdltlbc"pfcfdltlbc fkplrls , ybc` ifkuc`ilcbc gfsbr

glsb kfc`ugba phslsl btbupuc prhphslsl mh`kbtls"lmfhdh`ls ybc` mlpfrtbabcibc hdfakbslc`"kbslc` plabi . brl slcl cbkpbi jrb`kfctbsl ibdbc`bc lctfdfitubd ybc` tfrihtbi"

ihtbi , mbc tlmbi db`l kbkpu kfkpfrtbcybibc phslsl ybc` mlmumuilcyb . bdbk obc`ib

pbcobc` abd lcl glsb kfdfkbaibc sfcml"sfcml ifalmupbc mfkhirbsl mbc if`lbtbc gfrplilrml kbsybrbibt ./ !ukbrtbcb, Oucl &552 7

-hdhc`bc nfcmlilbwbc kfkgutuaibc rubc` gfgbs uctui kfdbiuibc tu`bscyb ,ifgfgbsbckfcnlptbibc rubc` gfgbs , mfkl kfcnlptbibc subsbcb ybc` ihcmuslj uctui kfcnlptbibc

kbsybrbibt ybc` tfrguib mbc irfbtlj fc`bc ibrbitfrlstli lcmfpfcmfcslcyb, `hdhc`bc

nfcmlilbwbc glsb kfc`bkgld obrbi tfrabmbp ifiubtbc"ifiubtbc phdltli ybc` sfmbc`

gfrtbruc` ml kbsybrbibt . Lb gbaibc ou`b glsb kfc`bkgld obrbi tfrabmbp absldpfklilrbccyb sfcmlrl mbc ou`b mlrlcyb sfcmlrl , mfkl ihkltkfccyb ifpbmb ifgfgbsbc

Ifgfgbsbc mbc irfbtl>ltbs kfrupbibc ibpltbd ybc` bkbt abilil uctui kfdbiuibc pfrbc

ifnfcmlilbwbcbccyb. (frfib mltuctut ihcslstfc ifpbmb slibp"slibp ybc` gfgbs mbctfrguib .

(fcybc`iut auguc`bc bctbrb lctfdfitubd mbc ifiubsbbc .Gbtbs sfrtb ifwfcbc`bc kfrfibpfrdu mltfctuibc gfrsbkb ibrfcb ifmub gfdba plabi glsb kfcobml pbtcfr mlbdh` ybc` bkbt

phtfcslbd , `ucb kfc`absldibc ifputusbc ybc` suc``ua"suc``ua gfrkbcjbbt uctui

kbsybrbibt .=bc` kfru`libc kbsybrbibt oustru iftlib `hdhc`bc nfcmlilbwbc tlmbi db`l

kbkpu kfc`bkgld obrbi irltls tfrabmbp ifiubsbbc =bc` kfcobml shbd bmbdba, gb`blkbcb

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bpbgldb ifmub pfrbc tfrsfgut ml`bguc`ibc : %pbiba ifmubcyb tlmbi kfc`albcbtl jltrba

mbc abilibtcyb kbslc "kbslc` : Lcl kuc`ilc kfrupbibc ihkglcbsl tfrsudlt uctui

kfcobdbcibc pbc``ldbc prhjfslhcbdcyb sfnbrb kbislkbd . #bcyb hrbc` mfc`bc ibdlgfrsfrtb ibrlskb tfrtfctu glsb kfc``bguc`ibc ifmub tu`bs tfrsfgut mfc`bc gbli .

l kbsb dbkpbu iftlib kbsybrbibt kbsla gfduk sfruklt sfibrbc` , dfgla kumbakfcybtuaibc ifgfgbsbc sfhrbc` nfcmlilbwbc mfc`bc hthrltbs sfhrbc` pfc`ubsb.

!fibdlpuc gf`ltu , sfdbdu bmb iftf`bc`bc fsfcslbd bctbrb `hdhc`bc 0cbgl ) ml sbtu plabi

mfc`bc `hdhc`bc ) lkbk ) mbc )rbob ) ml plabi dblc .

Iftf`bc`bc sfkbnbk ltu mbdbk rlwbybt sfkub b`bkb mbc ou`b jldsbjbt kfwbildl hdfa

`hdhc`bc 0pfklilr gfgbs ) ybc` gfrabmbp mfc`bc pfc`ubsb ybc` kfkpfrtbabcibc

lcsltusl , gbli lcsltusl phdltli kbupuc lcsltusl ifb`bkbbc . !ftlbp pfc`ubsb / gbli )lkbk)kbupuc )rbob ) 7 sfdbdu nfcmfruc` kfkpfrtbabcibc ifglobibc mfkl kfkgfdb lcsltuslcyb.

!fmbc`ibc sfhrbc` )cbgl ) mbdbk ifgfgbsbccyb bibc tfrus kfcnbrl pldlabc"pldlabc sfrtb

ifkuc`ilcbc ybc` dfgla gbli , olib pfrdu mfc`bc kfkgubt pfrtlkgbc`bc kfcmbsbr

tfrabmbp lcsltusl ybc` bmb. 'hdlrbsl tfrobml, mbc tlmbi obrbc` pbrb )cbgl1 lcl mltumua mbcmlpfrdbiuibc sfgb`bl pfc`ialbcbt kbsybrbibt / !ukbrtbcb , %`ustus &552 7

!fobi mbrl ls mbc bmb pudb

sfgb`bl ibuk prhjfslhcbd b db lctfdfitubd hr`bclicyb -rbksnl . brl ybc` pfrtbkb lcl

ybc` sfibrbc` pbdlc` kfchcohd bmbdba =G (bc`ucwlobyb , %rlfj Gumlkbc mbc -fhr`f

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=ucus %mltohcmrh . (frfib lcl sfdbdu tbkpld mfc`bc >lsl ifkbcuslbc iftlib gfrglnbrb

shbd bpb puc , tfrkbsui pfrlabc rfprfsl ml ]lkhr ]lkur , %nfa , Lrlbc Obyb , ]bcouc`

'rlhi, +bkpuc` , (bmurb , btbu Obibrtb pbmb pfrlstlwb 63 Oudl &558 . %tbu shbd cbslg]bphd / ]babcbc 'hdltli 7 'IL mbc ifdubr`bcyb .

?hkh (bc`uc klsbdcyb sfobi mudu tfrifcbd mfc`bc subrb irltls mbc aukbclscyb!hshicyb sfgb`bl bitl>ls ifkbcuslbc sfkbilc kfchcohd iftlib lb gfr`bguc` mfc`bc

rbiybt sftfkpbt kfcfctbc` pfkgbc`ucbc wbmui Ifmuc` *kgh , !fguba slibp ybc`

tfctu sbob sbc`bt tlmbi phpudfr ml kbtb ifiubsbbc mbc kfkgbabybibc phslslcyb sfgb`blrhnabclbwbc sfgbg tfrbc`"tfrbc`bc kfcobml pbrtlsbc . l tfc`ba ifnbkbc pfkfrlctba ,

bmbdba ch>fdls lcl ybc` gfrbcl kfcybtbibc ifpbtutbc ;siup Gfdh mbc ?bkhs #hrtb

kfcfrlkb abmlba hgfd 'frmbkblbc tbauc &558 . Ou`b kfdurusibc shbd 'brtbl ?biybt

fkhirbsl /'?7 btbu pfrlabd ?hkh L !bcmybwbc .

%rlfj Gumlkbc ghdfa mlibtbibc kfrupibc lctfdfitubd tfrifkuib Lcmhcfslb ybc` pbdlc`

ihcslstfc gfrsubrb irltls tfrabmbp ifiubsbbc . Gfrsbkb ifdhkphi (bcljfs Ifgumbybbc /

(bclifgu 7 %rlfj kfc`frltli pfkfrlctba !hfibrch ybc` sfkbilc nhcmhc` if ihkucls!ftfdba !hfibrch tfr`usur , sbrobcb pslihdh`l mbrl ;L lcl gbdli kfcnfdb *rmf Gbru ybc`

kudbl kfc`udbc`l ifsbdbabc rfls ,

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klsbdcyb (uiatbr 'bipbabc , !rl"Glctbc` 'bkuc`ibs , mbc gfdbibc`bc , %klfc ?bls ,

brl ifdhkphi hr`bcli tfctu dfgla gbcybi db`l . (fc`liutl trbmlsl pbcobc` , mbrl ibuk

ybc` dfgla kumb ou`b bmb ybc` kucnud tfrutbkb mbrl +!( mbc ibkpus . (brbicyb bislprhtfs kbabslswb ml tbcba blr gfdbibc`bc lcl ybc` kfcyubrbibc bsplrbsl rbiybt $ ybltu

turuccyb abr`b / tfrutbkb gbabc phihi 7 mbc rfjhrkbsl fihchkl sfrtb phdltli $ klsbdcyb ,

kfrupbibc lsybrbt kucnudcyb ifkgbdl muclb ibkpus sfgb`bl gbrlsbc mfpbc pfc`bwbdifsbmbrbc rbiybt .

Ifabmlrbc ibuk nfcmlilbwbc sfgb`bl sudua kbsybrbibt tfctu sbob sfkbilc mlgutuaibcsfirbc` ml tfc`ba irlsls fihchkl mbc phdltli ybc` ilbc irhcls . If`b`bpbc ifiubsbbc

kfc`abmbpl pfrshbdbc ifsfabrlbc ybc` gfrtbkgba pfdli , sbc`bt kuc`ilc kfc`abmbpl

pfrshbdbc ifsfabrlbc ybc` gfrtbkgba pfdli, sbc`bt kuc`ilc uctui kfkgubt kfrfib

ybc` kfkfrlctba lcl `fdbp kbtb . %ilgbtcyb , bdla"bdla rfjhrkbsl fihchkl mbc phdltliybc` kfrfib upbybibc , pfkguc`ibkbc ybc` dfgla kbsslj ybc` mldbiuibc . l slcl tu`bs

ybc` glsb mlkblcibc ibuk tfrmlmli tfrutbkb bmbdba kfc`lc`btibc sftlbp mf>lbsl

ifiubsbbc cf`brb . !ftlbp pfcylkpbc`bc pfrdu mlwbrtbibc . Gbli ltu ihrupsl, ihdusl,

cfphtlskf btbu gfctui dblc pfkbcjbtbc ifiubsbbc uctui ifpfctlc`bc mlrl sfcmlrl . !fdblcltu kfrfib ou`b kfdbiuibc ihcsblcs / pfcybmbrbc 7 shslbd mfkl tf`bicyb nlvld shnlfty=b,

rfslihcyb clsnbyb gfsbr . Glsb"glsb tbi sfibmbr pfc`unldbc mbc bcnbkbc tfrrhr sfpfrtlybc` ifrbp mlbdbkl mwbrm 9 !blm . ]bpl mlguc`ibk bgbml, sfpfrtl ybc` tfrobml pbmb

;mlc , ourcbdls abrlbc Gfrcbs =h`yb . ;mlc mlsumbal ibrfcb suib gfrglnbrb ybc`

sfgfcbrcyb . / #lcmrybtl ' , &55M 0 FFFlF " Fdll 7

!lbpbiba 4fcmlilbwbc ltu :

!fgutbc )lctfdfitubd ) sfgfcbrcyb gbru gfrdbc`suc` mfc`bc tfrobmlcyb bpb ybc` mlsfgut

sfgb`bl taf Mrfyjus Bjjblrs ml 'frbcnls . Iftlib surbt ibgbr dBurhrf mfc`bc fmlthr

-fhr`fs 4dfkfcnfbu kfcylbribc Kbcljfstf mfs Lctfddfnttufdspbmb tbc``bd &N Obcubrl&M5M , ybc` mltbcmbtbc`bcl hdfa sfifdhkphi pfc`brbc` bctbrb dblc %cbthdf Jrbcnf,

kldf hdb , bclfd #bdf>y mbc (brnfd 'rhust . Kbcljfstf lcl kfkprhtfs %djrfm

rfyjus, sfhrbc` pfrwlrb tfctbrb 'frbcnls ybc` pbmb tbauc &M5N mlbmldl btbs tumuabckfcoubd rbabslb kldltfr ifpbmb pbrb b`fc Ofrkbc . (frfib kfcuctut b`br prhsfs rfyjus

mlguib ifkgbdl mbc bialrcyb gfrabsld kfrfabgldltbsl cbkb gbli pfrwlrb tfctbrb ybc`

tfdba tfrdbcour kfcobdbcl auiukbccyb ml sfguba pudbu ml %kfrlib !frlibt ltu .

!fobi mlslbribccyb Kbcjfstf ltudba dbalr ibtb lctfddfntubd , ybc` sfgfdukcyb tlmbi

mlmbpbtl mbdbk -rbcm +brhussf , ibkus stbcmbrm 'frbcnls .. (bcljfs lcl mfc`bc pbrb

pfcmuiuc`cyb tfdba mlifnbk hdfa Jfrmlcbcm Grucftlfrf , sfhrbc` irltlius sbybp ibcbcybc` kfcybtbibc gbawb hrbc` ybc` kfcbcmbtbc`bcl (bcljfstf tfrsfgut tfdba gfrupbyb

uctui kfcnlptbibc subtu brlsthirbsl gbru mfc`bc kfc`bc`ibt pbrb pfc`brbc` , ldkuwbc ,

prhjfsshr , mbc jldldh` if tlc`ibt kbcuslb supfr . 'bmbabd , tfkpbt kfrfib ybc`sfgfcbrcyb bmbdba ml mbdbk dbghrbthrluk mbc pfrpustbibbc .

Irltlius sbybp ibcb dblccyb ou`b kfc`fnbkKbcljfstfbmbdba (burlnf Gbrrfs , sfhrbc`

pfc`brbc` ybc` gfrabdubc cbslhcbdls mbc ybc` mlifcbd sfgb`bl ibkpluc pbtrlhtlskf ,

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kfsilpuc sfobi sfkudb kfrupbibc sfhrbc` lcml>lmubdls utbkb . Gbrrfs tfdba kfc`alcb

pfc`frtlbc gbru kfc`fcbl )lctfddfntubd ) ltu sfgb`bl cfhdh`lskf / ibtb gbru gfdbib 7 ,

tftbpl pfcmuiuc`Kbcljfst sfpfrtl 4dfkfcnfbu mbc %cbthdf Jrbcnf kfkbiblcyb mfc`bcgbc``b .

+b`l pudb , pfroubc`bc kfrfib kfkgbwb absld ybc` nuiup kfc``fkglrbibc . !fgbg ,pbmb tbauc &5E8 rfyjus mlgfgbsibc mbrl sfkub tumuabc , mlrfabgldltbsl cbkb gblicyb ,

mbc mlifkgbdlibc if mlcbs tfctbrb mfc`bc ifcblibc pbc`ibt , mbc ibptfc kfcobml kbyhr

Gbaibc pbmb tbauc &5&5 , sftbauc sftfdba gfrbialrcyb 'frbc` uclb 'frtbkb lbkfkpfrhdfa ifahrkbtbc sfnbrb tfrguib .

Ltudba pfc`frtlbcprf-lctfddfntufdybc` df . Gbru sftfdba prhsfs rfyjus , ibtb )lctfdfntufd ) ou`b

kfrupbibc ibtb gfcmb / !hfilth, &553 0 lF $ F 7

!fhrbc` lctfdfitubd bmbdba sfhrbc` ybc` kfkusbtibc mlrl uctui kfklilribc lmf mbckbsbdba chckbtfrlbd mfc`bc kfc``ucbibc ifkbkpubc pfcbdbrbccyb . ?hgfrt (lnadfs

kfkgfrl gbtbs lctfdfitubd sfgb`bl ) hrbc`"hrbc` ybc` kfkldlil pfc`ftbaubc , btbu mbdbkbrtl sfkplt , kfrfib ybc` kfcmbsbribc pfcldblbccyb pbmb rfcuc`bc mbc pfc`ftbaubc ,

ybc` iurbc` dbc`suc` btbu tlmbi sfkbtb"kbtb gfrbsbd mbrl pfrsfpsl lcmfrbwl tlmbi sfpfrtl

abdcyb ibuk chclctfdfitubd . 'fc`ftbaubc kfc`fcbl subtu phihi pfrkbsbdbabc tfrtfctumbc kfkldlil subtu `fdbr tfrtfctu gfdukdba kfkgubt sfsfhrbc` kfcobml lctfdfitubd

wbdbupuc abd lcl sfrlc`ibdl gfrmbkplc`bc , gbcybi ml mbpbtl pbrb pfkf`bc` `fdbr mbc

prhjfsshr ybc` tlmbi kfkusbtibc mlrl uctui kfc`fkgbc`ibc glmbc` kfrfib btbu

gfrusbab kfcfkuibc pfkfnbabc btbs kbsbdba tfrtfctu ml glmbc`cyb. !fgbdlicyb , hrbc`ybc` tbcpb iubdljlibsl bibmfkls mfc`bc kfcobml sfhrbc` lctfdfitubd bpbgldb lb

kfkbcjbbtibc ifkbkpubc gfrjlilrcyb mbc kfkldlil pfc`ftbaubc ybc` nuiup kfc`fcbl

phihi gbabsbc ybc` mlklcbctlcyb . Jldsuj Lc``rls, #frgfrt !pfcnfr , tlmbi kfkpucybliubdljlibsl bibmfkls , tftbpl mlbdba sbdba sfhrbc` lctfdfitubd tfrifkuib pbmb

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pfcmumui sfdfglacyb . bdbk klchrltbs ifnld lcl iltb tfkuibc pbrb phdltlsl ,

bmklclstrbthr, pfkuib b`bkb, sfclkbc, lcmustrlbdls , pfc`usbab , gbc`sbwbc mbc

sfgb`blcyb . Juc`sl mbrl ibuk lctfdfitubddba uctui kfkgfrlibc ifpfklkplc ybc` sfrupbmbdbk muclb gfrplilr . Ibuk lctfdfitubddba ybc` abrus kfcofdbsibc kbsbdba kbsybrbibt

mbc kfcnhgb kfcfkuibc pfkfnbabccyb $ ibuk lctfdfitubd kfc`absldibc lmf"lmf mbc

kfcyfgbrdubsibccyb ifpbmb bc``htb kbsybrbibt dblccyb . Jbithr lcl ou`b gfrdbiu mbdbkkbsybrbibt ybc` sfmfrabcb , ml kbcb pbrb muiuc ,sabkbc , btbu pfcmftb kfkblcibc

pfrbcbc lctfdfitubd.

bpbtiba iltb kfc`btbibc bmbcyb sfifdhkphi lctfdfitubd ml cf`brb"cf`brb gfrifkgbc`:

fc`bc ifdhkphi, sbyb kbisumibc kfrfib ybc` gfrjuc`sl sfnbrb shslbd mbdbk brtl

irltfrlb ifpfklkplcbc . (fcurut afkbt sbyb , ifdhkphi lctfdfitubd sfpfrtl ltu tlmbi

mltfkul ml gbcybi cf`brb gfrifkgbc` . !foukdba gurua lcmustrl tfrtfctu ybc` kfcyfgbrml sfdurua wldbyba tfrtfctu gfdukdba kfrupbibc subtu ifdhkphi tfrhr`bclsbsl mbdbk

sfrlibt"sfrlibt gurua mbc gfdukdba gfrjuc`sl sfgb`bl bc``htb subtu ifdbs prhdftbrlbt

fc`bc mfklilbc kfrfib gfduk kfcbcbkibc pfc`brua bpb puc btbs ifglobisbcbbc

lcmustrl btbu urusbc shslbd"fihchkl kbsybrbibtcyb . islstfcsl pbrb gurua sfkbtb"kbtbtlmbi mfc`bc sfcmlrlcyb kfcucouiibc bmbcyb ibuk prhdftbrlbt ybc` kfcmfsbiibc

bmbcyb ibuk prhdftbrlbt ybc` kfcmfsbiibc pfc`bruacyb sfgb`bl subtu ifdbs tfrabmbpifdbs"ifdbs dblc mbdbk kbsybrbibt . fklilbc pudb, fislstfcsl ibuk lctfdfitubd ybc`

tfrpfcnbr"pfcnbr ml subtu cf`brb . .

Ibuk lctfdfitubd sfgb`bl ifdhkphi shslhdh`ls afcmbidba mlgfmbibc mbrl ibuk

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pfcmlmlibc tlc``l ybc` jhrkbd mbc khmfrc , pbrb spfslbdls mbc prhjfsslhcbd , mbc kfrfib

ybc` kfkpfrhdfa pfcmlmlibc tlc`ibt tlc``l mfc`bc nbrb dblc . bdbk kbsybrbibtgfrifkgbc` ibuk lctfd`fcslb gfrjuc`sl sfgb`bl subtu ifdhkphi . %cmb tbi mbpbt

kfcfkuibc pfrusbabc glscls , bmklclstrbsl pfkfrlctbabc , pbrtbl phdltli , gbmbc

pfcfrgltbc , btbu if`lbtbc ukuk ybc` tfrhr`bclsbsl , ibtbibcdba subtu jfstl>bd btbupfcb``udbc`bc wbgba, ybc` tlmbi kfdlgbtibc sfoukdba lctfd`fcslb Iurbc`cyb

pfc``ucbbc tfcb`b kfrfib ml sfoukdba cf`brb tlmbi kfc`ugba ifcybtbbc gbawb kfrfib

sfnbrb shslhdh`ls kfrupbibc ifdhkphi ybc` gfrjuc`sl tlmbi sfpfrtl abdcyb ibuklctfdfitubd . (bsybrbibt kfkbc` kfkgutuaibc kfrfib . (frfib kfcyfgbribc pfc`brua

mbdbk ifglobisbcbc mbc kfrupbibc subtu ifdhkphi ybc` abrus mlpfrtaltuc`ibc .

;ctui kfcldbl ifgutuabc bibc mbc sukgbc`bc ibuk lctfdfitubd , sfgbdlicyb iltb kudblmfc`bc kfcucouiibc sljbt mbc dlc`iuc`bc if`lbtbc kfrfib . !fpfrtl ml Lcmlb , ]lkur

]fc`ba , Jldlplcb , Lcmhcfslb , 4lcb mbc gbcybi cf`brb dblccyb $ ml kbcb ibuk

lctfdfitubd kfcmhrhc` ifkfrmfibbc $ sukgbc`bc kfrfib kfchcohd sfibdl .'hdltlsl tbcpbklcbt lctfdfitubd obrbc` kfcucouiibc ifgfrabsldbc mfc`bc sfmlilt pfrifnubdlbc sfpfrtl ml

(bdbyslb , ml kbcb pbrb pfklkplc 'brtbl %dlbcsl gfrucmlc` mbc kfkpfrhdfa

ifkfrmfibbc mbrl Lc``rls mbc tftbp gfriubsb alc``b ilcl .

(bbbdba mbc if`lbtbc iabs bpbiba ybc` abcyb mbpbt mlusbabibc hdfa ibuk lctfdfitubd :

/&7 (bsbdba ybc` guibc mbc tlmbi mbpbt mltbc`bcl hdfa pbrb spfslbdls . /67 Glmbc`

if`lbtbc lctfdfitubd tlmbi mbpbt kfc`liutl mfkbribsl ybc` mldftbiibc hdfa mlslpdlc ldku

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iausus kbcb puc . /27 !libp lctfdfitubd tlmbi mbpbt mlnlptbibc hdfa dbtlabc jhrkbd ybc`

gfrhrlfctbsl pbmb mlslpdlc ldku mbdbk brtl sldbgus mbc sfoukdba obk pfdbobrbc ybc` tfdba

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prhjfsl , mbc ibrfcbcyb tlmbi tucmui pbmb ofcls jbithr ybc` kfcfctuibc tbkpld mbc

gfrifkgbc`cyb prhjfsl @ mbc /87 (lcbt lctfdfitubd kfdlgbtibc kbsb dbkpbu , ilcl mbckbsb mfpbc .

!ubtu kbsybrbibt tbcpb sfifdhkphi lctfdfitubd ybc` gfrjuc`sl bibc ifaldbc`bc tlc`ibtifsbmbrbc mbc wbwbsbc tfrtfctu btbs kbsbdba"kbsbdba phihi. Gbcybidba bspfi

ifalmupbc ybc` pbtut kfkpfrhdfa pfrabtlbc ibuk lctfdfitubd , mbc nbdhc"nbdhc ybc`

pbdlc` ofdbs kfkbmbl bmbdba kfctfrl, pfrfcnbcb , mbc gbaibc ifpbdb ifdubr`b . Ofdbsdba

sfhrbc` pfrmbcb kfctfrl mfc`bc gbibt lctfdfitubdcyb mbpbt kfc`abybtl @dfgla gbcybiabd mbc kfcobml sfsfhrbc` pfrfcnbcb ybc` dfgla fjfitlj mbrlpbmb hrbc`"hrbc` ybc`

wbwbsbc gfrplilrcyb tfrgbtbs .'bmb subtu phslsl ifpfklkplcbc ybc` kfcuctut

pfkbabkbc kfc`fcbl sltubsl ifsfduruabc ybc` ihkpdfis , sfpfrtl abdcyb gb`l gbcybi

phslsl ybc` dblc, gbli rfskl kbupuc swbstb , kbib pfklilrbc lctfdfitubd mbpbt kfkgfrlsukgbc`bc fjfitlj . (lcbt lctfdfitubd ou`b pfctlc` uctui kfc`brba pbmb subsbcb gfrplilr

gbru ybc` cbctlcyb mbpbt mlurus mbc mlifkgbc`ibc hdfa pbrb spfslbdls.

!fhrbc` lctfdfitubd abrus kfkldlil ifduwfsbc pslihdh`ls mbc ifnfibtbc kfctbd uctui

gfr`frbi mbrl thpli ybc` sbtu if thpli dblc tbcpb pfcmbc`ibdbc mbc tbcpb kfc`udbc`ifgfcbrbc ybc` dbkb mlifcbd mfc`bc kfcybkbribccyb sfgb`bl pfcfkubc gbru . +ubs

mbc rukltcyb glmbc` klcbt lctfdfitubd kfcobmlibc phihi gbabsbccyb dfgla kumba

mlpfrdlabtibc mbrlpbmb mlmfjlclslibc .

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tbkpld abrusdba mlpbcmbc` sfgb`bl ifgutuabc pfrifkgbc`bc . Lcl kfrupbibc pfrsybrbtbc

kutdbi gb`l pfkgbc`ucbc cbslhcbd Iftlbmbbc lctfdfitubd bmbdba iftlmbbbcifpfklkplcbc ml glmbc` pfklilrbc gfrliut 0 /&7 pfc`boubc kbsbdba @ /67 pfkgbtbsbc

kbsbdba @ /27 bcbdlsb kbsbdba , mbc /N7 pfkfnbabc kbsbdba . Gbaibc pfc`boubc kbsbdba

ltu sfcmlrl kfrupbibc kbsbdba lctfdfitubd . !ubtu kbsybrbibt tbcpb ibuk lctfdfitubdybc` fjfitlj tlmbi bibc kbkpu kfrukusibc kbsbdba .

;ctui kfdfc`ibpl urblbc iltb kfc`fcbl ihcsfp ) gfrjuc`sl ) sfgb`bl mltfrbpibc pbmb

lctfdfitubd mbpbtdba iltb pfrtfctbc`bc mfc`bc chc lctfdfitubd mbdbk nhctha lcl sfhrbc`lctfdf`fcslb ybc` tfrmlmli sfnbrb jhrkbd . !fhrbc` chclctfdfitubd , sfibdlpuc tfrpfdbobr ,

bmbdba pbslj sfnbrb kfctbd. lb kfcfrlkb bpb sbob ybc` mlbobribc ifpbmbcyb sfnbrb

tlmbi irltls . lb tlmbi kbu gfrusba pbyba kfklilribc bcfib kbsbdba ybc` tfrnfctbc`gfrtbauc"tbauc . lb tlmbi kfkpucybl rbsb tfrlibt sfnbrb fkhslhcbd mfc`bc pfcbdbrbc

lctfdfitubd ibrfcb mlb tlmbi kfrbsb kfkgucuaibccyb . lb tlmbi kfdubc`ibc wbitu

uctui kfkgbnb abd"abd ybc` sfrlus . lb tlmbi kbkpu kfkgfctui hplcl sfdblc ybc`sumba cybtb mldbiuibc hdfa ifgbcybibc hrbc` . Ibdbudba mlb sfhrbc` spfslbdls , kbib

pfc`ftbaubccyb kfc`fcbl kbsbdba ybc` ml dubr glmbc`cyb sfgbcmlc` mfc`bc hrbc`

bwbk .

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4lrl utbkb chclctfdfitubd bmbdba tlmbi bmbcyb ifkbubc gfrplilr mbc tlmbi kbkpu

kfdlabt bilgbt . Obml sfhrbc` lctfdfitubd guibc abcyb sfhrbc` mfc`bc pfc`ftbaubc dfgla

gbcybi , tftbpl ou`b kfkpucybl ifkbkpubc mbc ifkbubc gfrplilr mbc kfc`ftbaulsf`bdb bilgbt mbrl sftlbp tlcmbibc .%mb pfrgfmbbc gfsbr bctbrb iflc`lcbc mbc ifkbubc

!fhrbc` pfdbobr kuc`ilc lc`lc kfdbisbcbibc subtu if`lbtbc mfc`bc gbli tbcpb

kfkpucybl ifkbubc uctui gfrmbyb upbyb sfcmlrl Ibpbc puc subtu ifkbubc bmbdbahpfrbtlj, ifnfcmfruc`bc dblc ybc` gfrtfctbc`bc mliubsbl mbc kfcobdbcl iftf`bc`bc

sbkpbl tuoubc bialr mbrl ifkbkubccyb tfrnbpbl Lcl ou`b gfrdbiu gb`l if`lbtbc

lctfdfitubd . fc`bc mfklilbc , abcyb sfifmbr gfrglnbrb mbc kfcudls tbcpb usbab ifrbstbi mbpbt mlbc``bp sfgb`bl subtu if`lbtbc lctfdfitubd sfibdlpuc thplicyb kuc`ilc

tfrmfc`br sfpfrtl lctfdfitubd . l slcl iltb ou`b abrus kfkgfmbibc bctbrb usbab ifrbs

lctfdfitubd mbc usbab ifrbs hrbc` pbcmlr. !fhrbc` ybc` pbcmlr mbpbt kfc`usbabibc

mlrlcyb kfkbabkl sfguba guiu ibrfcb tfibcbc dubr sfpfrtl iftlib uolbc , tftbpl usbabifrbs lcl tlmbi abcyb tfrgbtbs kfcnbrl pfc`frtlbc pbslj kfdblcibc abrus kfdbkpul phihi

gbabsbccyb .

Ou`b bmb pfrgfmbbc bctbrb usbab ifrbs lctfdfitubd mbc if`lbtbc ybc` abcyb kfrbiltifkgbdl lmf"lmf hrbc` dblc . 'fkgbnb btbu pfcmfc`br bwbk ybc` tlmbi kfc`fcbd gbli

mbpbt mfc`bc kumba mlsfsbtibc hdfa absld tfrbialr . #bcyb sfhrbc` badl ybc` mbpbtkfcfkuibc ifsbdbabc mbc ifpbdsubccyb , mfc`bc kfdlabt bpbiba mltfkuibc lmf ,

pfcofdbsbc btbu btbu slctfsb ybc` hrslcbd mbdbk pfcmfibtbccyb , btbu bpbiba

pfcbdbrbccyb kfkpucybl mbsbr ybc` .dh`ls. Iubdltbs , iubctltbs mbc ifbcfibrb`bkbcpfc`ftbaubc mbc if`lbtbc lctfdfitubd sfdbcoutcyb kfkgfmbibc nlrl"nlrlcyb , ybc` tlmbi

mlmbpbtl mbdbk ifrob chclctfdfitubd . ;ctui kfc`fkuibibc `bkgbrbc ybc` sfisbkb mbc

rfbdlstls kfc`fcbl if lbtbc lctfdfitubd , pbmb bialrcyb hrbc` abrus kfcfkpua nbrb

pfrb`bbc . 'bmb bcbdlsb tfrbialr hrbc` abrus kfdlabt sfhrbc` wbcltb nbctli uctuikfc`ftbaul gb`blkbcb gfmbcyb mfc`bc ofdficyb kfduilsibc nlrl"nlrl jhrkbd ifnbctlibc

sbob gfdukdba nuiup . / %dbtbs , &5MM 0 &6 $ 63 7

Nfcmlilbwbc mbc Ufc`ubsb

%pb ybc` kfkgfmbibc ibuk lctfd`fcslb ]lkur mfc`bc ifgbcybibc ibuk lctfdfitubd ml

kbsybrbibt $kbsybrbibt Gbrbt bmbdba ifcybtbbc gbawb ibuk lctfd`fcslb ]lkur ltu

kfkf`bc` ifiubsbbc phdltli sfnbrb gfgbs , brrtlcyb sfgb`bl `hdhc`bc nfcmlilbwbc ,

kfrfib guibc abcyb sfgb`bl ouruglnbrb mbrl ifiubtbc"ifiubtbc shslbd dblccyb ybc` tfdbagfrurbt gfrbibr mfc`bc ifiubsbbccyb . fc`bc ibtb dblc , ibuk lctfdf`fcslb ]lkur ltu

kfrupbibc subtu `hdhc`bc pfc`ubsb , btbu gbrbc`ibdl dfgla tfpbt ibdbu mlibtbibc 0 sbtu"

sbtucyb `hdhc`bc pfc`ubsb , sfmbc`ibc ml tfkpbt"tfkpbt ybc` dblc ibuk lctfdfitubd ltuglbsbcyb tlmbi kfrupbibc `hdhc`bc shslbd"phdltli sfcmlrl, kfdblcibc abcyb kfrupbibc

subtu )fkgfd"fkgfd ) btbu pfkgbctu pbmb ifdbs btbu `hdhc`bc dblc mbdbk kbsybrbibt

]hiha"thiha ybc` kfrupbibc wbild"wbild mbrl `hdhc`bc fdltf gbru lcl mfc`bc kumbambpbt mldlabt ml cf`brb"cf`brb ]lkur . l bctbrb ibuk lctfdfitubd sfgb`bl pfc`ubsb

bmbdba thiha"thiha sfpfrtl faru. Ghur`ulgb, `bwf irukba ml -abcb mbc Jrbcslsnh

(fmrh ml (fislih @ ml bctbrb ibuk ) lctfdf`fcslb kldltfr ) , thiha"thiha sfpfrtl bssfr,

bd"Ibrlk ml Lrbi , f 9lc ml Glrkb , mbc ou`b 'frhc ml %r`fctlcb mbdbk tbauc"tbauc

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tfrbialr kbsb pfkfrlctbabccyb +b`lpudb ml gfrgb`bl ibwbsbc ml ]lkur tfrmbpbt

ifnfcmfruc`bc gb`l ibuk kldltfr uctui kfc`bkgld bdla ifiubsbbc mbrl tbc`bc pbrb

pfklkplc slpld"sfpfrtl ybc` gbru"gbru lcl tfrcybtb mbrl pfrlstlwb"pfrlstlwb ybc` tfrobml ml'bilstbc , Glrkb , mbc !umbc .

]ftbpl, bpbgldb ifsudltbc"ifsudltbc ybc` mlabmbpl hdfa ibuk lctfd`fcslb ]lkur sfgb`blpfc`ubsb ltu cbkpbicyb tbi mbpbt mlbtbsl, kbib gfrgb`bl cf`brb abd ltu sfmlilt gbcybi

mllkgbc`l btbu sfiurbc`"iurbc`cyb mlibguribc , hdfa mbyb iabrlskb ybc` mlkldlil hdfa

thiha"thiha lctfdf`fcslb gbli ybc` slpld kbupuc ybc` kldltfr $ klsbdcyb faru, bssfr,irukba , !hfibrch, 4bstrh , uctui kfcyfgutibc gfgfrbpb cbkb ybc` pbdlc` kfchcohd

ml bctbrb kfrfib ltu . (ucnudcyb pfklkplc ybc` kfkldlil mbyb iabrlskbtls ybc` abkplr

sfrfctbi ml %slb , %jrlib, ]lkur ]fc`ba mbc %kfrlib +btlc ltu gbrbc`ibdl kfrupbibc

`fobdb pbdlc` pfctlc` ybc` kfcyfrtbl bmbptbsl phdltli ml muclb ]lkur mfwbsb lcl'fklkplc ybc` iabrlkbtls ltudba ybc` ibrfcb ifiubtbc prlgbmlcyb b`bicyb mbpbt

kfcofkgbtbcl ourbc` bctbrb `hdhc`bc fdltf ybc` gfrpfcmlmlibc Gbrbt mfc`bc rbiybt

pfmfsbbc , mbc ybc` mbpbt kfrupbibc kbtb rbctbl slkghdls bctbrb pfc`ubsb mfc`bc

rbiybt .

%pbiba ifpfklkplcbc sfrupb ltu sfcmlrl sumba nuiup uctui kfcobklc stbgldltbs phdltlisfifmbrcyb btbu uctui kfcmbpbtibc ifrobsbkb ybc` mlpfrduibc uctui tfrus"kfcfrus

kfc`frobibc pfrgblibc fihchkl mbc khmfrclsbsl bmbdba subtu abd ybc` gfduk pbstl.

fklilbc pudb, bpbiba ibdbu pfklkplc ybc` iabrlskbtls ltu tfdba aldbc` ibuklctfd`fcslb ltu kbsla tftbp kfkldlil ifsbtubc ybc` utua uctui tfrus gfriubsb bmbdba abd

ybc` gfduk pbstl . bkuc ybc` pbstl bmbdba gbawb pfklkplc ybc` iabrlskbtls ltu

kfrupbibc pfcylkpbc`bc mbrl phdb ukuk ibuk lctfd`fcslb ybc` gfrpfcmlmlibc Gbrbt ,

gbli slpld kbupuc kldltfr . byb"tbrli iabrlkbtls ltu sfnbrb phdltls kfkpucybl brtlpfctlc` ml muclb ]lkur guibcdba ibrfcb thiha"thiha ltu kfcmbpbtibc pfcmlmlibc Gbrbt

mbc kfkldlil hrlfctbsl lmfhdh`ls Gbrbt , kfdblcibc wbdbupuc kfrfib kfcmbpbtibc

pfcmlmlibc sfnbrb Gbrbt ltu . l mbdbk pbcmbc`bc rbiybt ukuk , pfklkplc iabrlskbtlsltu gbrbc`ibdl kbdbabc kfrupbibc kbd`rf dul , pfc`fobwbctbabc thiha lctfdfitubd )

dbkb) ybc` sbirbd , mbc guibc sfgb`bl pfkgbwb khmfrclsbsl mbc bdbk plilrbc Gbrbt

sfpfrtl ybc` mlifkuibibccyb .

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guibcdba `fobdb iausus ybc` tfrmbpbt ml muclb ]lkur sfkbtb"kbtb . bdbk sfobrba Gbrbt

bmb ou`b fplshmf"fplshmf slc`ibt ml kbcb ibuk lctfdfitubd $sbirbd , sfiudfr kbupuckldltfr $ tfdba kfcobdbcibc juc`sl ybc` sfrupb , sfpfrtl kldsbcyb 4bd>lc, 4rhkwfdd,

ibuk Obnhglc , btbu ibuk 'urltbc pfcmlrl cf`brb gb`lbc (bssbnausftts . bjtbr ybc`

mlbkgld sfnbrb sfrbkpbc`bc lcl kfcucouiibc gbawb pfkfrlctbabc ybc` mldbiuibc hdfaibuk lctfd`fcslb ltu abkplr sfdbdu kfrupbibc pfrtbcmb mbrl hduslhcfr ml Gbrbt

Ibrfcb ltu gbrbc`ibdl mbpbt mlifkuibibc subtu pfcmbpbt gbawb pfrgfmbbc bctbrb sfobrba

Gbrbt mbc sfobrba ]lkur ltu bibc dfgla gfrsljbt iwbctltbtlj mbrlpbmb iwbdltbtlj . fc`bcdblc pfribtbbc , ibrfcb rf>hdusl shslbd mbc phdltli ml ]lkur pbmb bgbm ifmub pudua ltu

ghdfa mlibtbibc kfrupbibc `fobdb ukuk ybc` cbkpbi sf`frb sfsumba abcnurcyb phdb

shslbd trbmlslhcbd ybc` tfrobml abkplr sfrfctbi , kbib ybc` ml Gbrbt kfrupbibc pfrlstlwb

ybc` sfnbrb irhchdh`ls sfrtb `fh`rbjls gfrmlrl sfcmlrl"sfcmlrl , gfrsljbt dhibd mbc pbmb

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wbitu"wbitu ybc` tbi tfctu , sfibrbc` kfcobml subtu `fobdb shslh"phdltli ybc` kfdlputl

sfdurua muclb . fc`bc mfklilbc , ibdbu sfobrba Gbrbt ltu mlpfr`ucbibc sfgb`bl uiurbc ,

gbrbc`ibdl mbpbt mlifkuibibc pfcmbpbt sfdbcoutcyb gbawb pfkfrlctbabc ybc` mldbiuibchdfa ibuk lctfd`fcslb ml %slb , %jrlib, ]lkur ]fc`ba mbc %kfrlib +btlc sfibrbc` lcl

ghdfa obml kfrupbibc tbabp sfkfctbrb mbdbk f>hdusl phdltli ml muclb ]lkur mbc gbawb

dbkgbt btbu nfpbt pbstl bibc ml`bctlibc hdfa gfctui"gfctui gbru hr`bclsbsl phdltli mbc`hdhc`bc"`hdhc`bc fdltf dblccyb .

9bdbupuc pfcmbpbt ml btbs sfgb`bl subtu alphtfsb gbrbc`ibdl sbc`bt kfcbrli k, cbkucabd ltu pfrdu mlgfrl pfkgbtbsbc . !lc`ibtcyb ukur rfhduslhcfr ybc` mlplkplc hdfa

ibuk lctfdfitubd ml mbdbk sfobrba Gbrbt ltu bmbdba frbt auguc`bccyb mfc`bc bmbcyb

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prlybyl Lc``rls tbauc &8NE"bc 7 btbu kuc`ilc pudb gbaibc oustru `hdhc`bc"`hdhc`bc

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ibyb gbru $ pfkldli tbcba , pfc`usbab ml (bssbnausftts 7 .

Kutbtls kutbcmls ,subtu prhsfs ybc` sbc`bt klrlp mfc`bc prhsfs tfrsfgut tfdba

kfcyfgbgibc dfcybpcyb lctl ibuk ghdsyfwli bc`ibtbc pfrtbkb hdfa `fcfrbsl glrhirbtmbc pfc`fdhdb pbrtbl mbdbk tbauc &52E"bc $ subtu prhsfs ybc` tfdba mlrbkbdibc

sfgfdukcyb hdfa ]rhtsiy , mbc ybc` ifkumlbc mlduilsibc hdfa (ldh>bc oldbs mbc %rtaur

Ihfstdfr . l Gbrbt , ibuk lctfdfitubd abcyb mbpbt kfkfrlctba mbdbk kbsb"kbsb

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ifkgbdlcyb ifbmbbc ybc` chrkbd 7 . ?fhduslhcfr ) ybc` mlgbc`iltibc hdfa ifdbs"ifdbs shslbd ybc` $mbdbk pfc`frtlbc (brFlskf ybc` sfgfcbrcyb $ tfdba kfc`ubsbl ifibybbc mbc

ifiubsbbc , glbsbcyb gfrmbsbribc pbmb pfc`ubsbbc btbs sfithr"sfithr pfrfihchklbc ybc`

pfctlc` , mbc ybc` mfc`bc mfklilbc sfnbrb dbkgbt btbu nfpbt $ glbsbcyb nfpbt"nfpbtkfc``bctlibc ibuk lctfdfitubd sfgb`bl pfkf`bc` ifiubsbbc phdltli . !ftfdba abd ltu

tfrobml , ibuk lctfd`fcslb abkplr sfdbdu ifkgbdl if pfrbcbc tbkgbabc btbu pfrbcbc

gbwbabc ybc` )chrkb@ ) , ybltu ifkgbdl if tu`bs kfkgfdb ifpfctlc`bc phdltli ifdbs btbu

`hdhc`bc dblc mfc`bc ibtb"ibtb $ gbli ybc` gfriubsb kbupuc ybc` gfrhphslsl $mbckfkgfrl mbsbr lmfhdh`l pbmbcyb .

Guibccyb tlmbi kuc`ilc gbawb ibuk lctfd`fcslb ]lkur sfibrbc` lcl kfcmumuil tfkpbtpfrbctbrb ybc` sfrupb ltu mbdbk f>hdusl phdltli ml muclb ]lkur . ]ftbpl kuc`ilc ou`b

gbawb pfr`bctlbc kfrfib ltu tlmbi bibc tfrobml mbdbk obc`ib pfcmfi , wbdbupuc tfrmbpbt

ifnfcmfruc`bc gbawb kbilc dbkb kbilc gbcybi ifiubsbc ybc` obtua if tbc`bc ibuklctfd fcslb ofcls kldltfr . %c``htb"bc``htb shslbd ybc` dfgla dbkb ,sfpfrtl `hdhc`bc

pfkldli tbcba btbu ibuk lctfdfitubd sbirbd " sfpfrtl , klsbdcyb , Lawbcud (usdlklc ml

(fslr mbc #lcmu (babssbgab ml Lcmlb " wbdbupuc ml gfgfrbpb tfkpbt kbsla kfkldlil

pfc`brua phdltli ybc` nuiup gfsbr , glbsbcyb tlmbi kfkldlil ifiubtbc btbu mlcbklskf

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shslbd ybc` mbpbt kfrupbibc bcnbkbc ybc` suc``ua"suc``ua gb`l hrmf gbru . bc

ibuk ghrouls ihtb , mlpbcmbc` mbrl sf`l oukdba mbc sfrlc` ou`b mbrl sf`l fihchkl , kbsla

tfrdbdu dfkba uctui kfcfctbc` pbrb pfc`ubsb"lctfd`fcslb gbru tfrsfgut . bc, bialrcyb ,rf>hdusl"rf>hdusl ltu gbru sbob tfrobml , sfalc``b gfduk nuiup wbitu uctui kfdftbiibc

dbcmbsbc gb`l tukguacyb `hdhc`bc"`hdhc`bc shslbd dblccyb ybc` kbkpu mbc sbc``up

kfkgfctui hphslsl ybc` mbpbt tukgua mfc`bc sugurcyb , sfiurbc`"iurbc`cyb mbdbkpfc`frtlbc ifiubtbc fihchkl .

Ibrfcb ltu , uctui obc`ib wbitu ybc` nuiup pbcobc` , ibuk lctfd`fcslb ]lkur ltugbrbc`ibdl kbsla bibc tftbp kfkf`bc` khchphdl ifiubsbbc phdltli . Ihctulcltbs lcl

sfgb`lbc gfsbr b`bicyb tfrobklc hdfa ifcybtbbc gbawb cf`brb"cf`brb cbslhcbd ybc`

kfrfib pfrlctba ltu gbru sbob gfrmlrl , mbc gbaibc mlmlrlibc hdfa ibuk lctfd`fcslb sfcmlrl

'bmb mbsbrcyb , cf`brb"cf`brb ltu kbsla kfrupbibc gbc`ucbc pfkfrlctbabc khmfrcybc` mlpbisbibc ml btbs kbsybrbibt"kbsybrbibt ybc` gfduk mbpbt kfc`almuplcyb

mfc`bc sbdurbc"sbdurbc ihkuclibsl phdltli ybc` sumba kbpbc . fc`bc mfklilbc ,

mlgbcmlc`ibc mfc`bc ml ifgbcybibc kbsybrbibt Gbrbt, prhsfs phdltli ml kbsybrbibt"

kbsybrbibt ]lkur ltu dfgla kfrupbibc subtu gbc`ucbc gfrtlc`ibt tbcpb dbcmbsbc ybc`ihiha . ]fctu sbob ifbmbbc sfrupb ltu abcyb gfrsljbt sfkfctbrb . bkuc sfdbkb ifbmbbc

ltu kbsla gfduk gfrugba , ibuk lctfd`fcslb ltu kuc`ilc sfibdl kbsla bibc tftbpkfrupbibc pfdbiu phdltli ybc` tfrpfctlc` ml sfgb`lbc gfsbr cf`brb"cf`brb ]lkur

'frugbabc"pfrugbabc phdltli kuc`ilc sbob tfrobml ml mbdbk `hdhc`bc fdltf ltu , cbkuc abd

ltu tlmbi bibc kfkpfc`brual pfctlc`cyb ifmumuibc kfrfib sfgb`bl ifdbs pfc`ubsb./ Gfcmb , &5M& 0 &B8 $ &38 7

Nfcmlilbwbc brbt mbc Muclb !lkur

(bilc gbcybicyb cf`brb uclb Iftl`b ybc` kfrmfib mbc kfkbsuil pfrnbturbc phdltli

muclb , mbc kbilc ofdbscyb gfrgb`bl kbsbdba lctfrc sfrtb fistfrc ybc` kfrfib abmbpltfrcybtb tlmbi mlliutl hdfa ifkbkpubc mbc $ sfrlc` ou`b $ iflc`lcbc uctui

kfcyukgbc`ibc jlilrbc tfctbc` gfrgb`bl bdtfrcbtlj ybc` sljbtcyb kfrmfib pudb, mbrl

ibdbc`bc nfcmlibwbc cf`brb"cf`brb tfrsfgut 'frmfgbtbc ybc` gfrdbc`suc` tfctbc`gfrkbnbk kbsbdba ucl>frsbd sfpfrtl pfrifkgbc`bc pfcmumui, pfrbtbbc phdb pfkgb`lbc

pfcmbpbtbc , pfc`fkgbc`bc ifsfkpbtbc ifrob , pfc``ucbbc tfichdh`l kbmyb , pfcbtbbc

ifkgbdl hrmf fihchkl lctfrcbslhcbd , pfc`fkgbc`bc iubdltbs almup sfrtb dlc`iuc`bc

dllmup , mbc gfrgb`bl kbsbdba sfofclscyb, sfobi bwbd pfrifkgbc`bccyb alc``b ilcl tftbpmlmhklclr ibdbc`bc nfcmlilbwbc Gbrbt . #bcyb %kfrlib +btlc tbkpbicyb ybc` sbc``up

ifdubr mbl ifstbtlsbc plilrbc ybc` kfcnfc`ibk lcl, sfpfrtl ybc` tfrdlabt mbrl kbilc

sfrlc`cyb kucnud cbkb"cbkb nfcmlilbwbc kfrfib ml jhruk lctfrcbslhcbd, ukpbkbcyb%cmrf -ucmfr Jrbci, ?bud 'rfglsna , 4dbumlh Afdl< . 4fdsh Jurtbmh , mbc !tb>fcab`fc .

l dubr gfcub lcl ifbmbbc sfpl, mbc ybc` pbdlc` gbcybi mlmbpbt abcybdba bpdlibsl"

bpdlibsl Gbrbt dbkb, mbdbk gfctui sfrtb sl`bp ybc` pfcua lkprh>lsbsl . !fmbc` uctuiybc` rfdbtlj kumba lclpuc , gbcybi mbrl cf`brb"cf`brb lcl ybc` kbsla tfr`bctuc` ifpbmb

gbctubc badl badl sfrtb tficlsl Gbrbt .

bc lcl sfkub sfrtb gfrdbc`suc` ml kuib ifcybtbbc ybc` gf`ltu ofdbs tfrgfctbc`

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mlabmbpbc iltb , gbawb pbrb nfcmlilbwbc Gbrbt guibc db`l abcyb sfifmbr

kfkpfrshbdibc)rfdf>bcsl ) mbrl jlilrbc"jlilrbc kfrfib ybc` mudu"mudu , tbpl kfrfib

kbdba sumba kfclc``bdibccyb . #bd lcl ifkumlbc kfclkgudibc ifsbc sfhdba"hdbanfcmlilbwbc uclb Iftl`b tfrsfgut guibc sbob stbtls tbpl ou`b fc``bc gfrugba .Ifstbtltbc

lcl guibccyb tbcpb sfgbg , gbli ybc` gfrbsbd mbrl mlrl kfrfib sfcmlrl kbupuc mbrl

ifbmbbc dlc`iuc`bccyb (fkbc` tbkpbicyb ibdbc`bc nfcmlilbwbc uclb Iftl`b sfrlc`kfcybdbaibc jbithr"jbithr dlc`iuc`bc sfgb`bl pfc`abkgbt irfbtl>ltbs kfrfib $

klsbdcyb , jbithr iudtur, jbithr slibp pfc`ubsb , mbc jbithr dfkgb`b pfcmlmlibc sfgb`bl

ifsfduruabccyb , pbmbabd ibdbu mltfdltl dfgla kfcmbdbk sfgb`lbc tfrpfctlc` mbrl jbithrpfcyfgbg ltu tfrdftbi mbdbk mlrl kfrfib sfcmlrl . #bd lcl tbkpbicyb iurbc` mlsbmbrl ,

ibrfcb gbcybi mbrl kfrfib iurbc` pudb kfcybmbrl gbawb sbdba sbtu pfrsybrbtbc uctui

gfrplilr sfnbrb tfrguib bmbdba iftfrguibbc uctui kfdlabt ifdfkbabc sfcmlrl $ mbdbk abd

nfcmlilbwbc , tfrutbkb mbdbk slibp sfrtb plilrbccyb .

!ltubsl ml ibdbc`bc nfcmlilbwbc Gbrbt mfwbsb lcl glsb sfnbrb sfmfrabcb ml`bkgbribc

sfgb`bl sltubsl irlsls , ybc` pfcua gfrlsl pbcmbc`bc sfrtb pfcldblbc ybc` irltls pudb,guibc

abcyb tfctbc` bpb ybc` tfrobml ml dubr kfrfib tbpl ou`b ybc` tfrobml ml mbdbk mlrl kfrfibsfcmlrl , tfrutbkb mbdbk slibp mbc jlilrbc kfrfib. ;csur"ucsur ybc` tfrsbc`iut mbdbk

slibp sfkbnbk lcl bmb gfrkbnbk"kbnbk, kudbl mbrl pfslklskf , slibp gfrabtl"abtl ,ifsfmlbc uctui kfcfrlkb gbawb bmb kbnbk"kbnbk bdtfrcbtlj ybc` kuc`ilc ml dubr

bdtfrcbtlj ybc` mltucouiibc kbsybrbibt Gbrbt , mbc ibmbc`"ibmbc` slibp kumba

kfcjbbtibc ifdblcbc btbupuc pfcyfdfwfc`bc ybc` tfrdlabt mbrl khmfd ybc` kfrfibifcbd, ybc` sfrlc` ou`b kfcourus pbmb sfkbnbk jbtbdlskf . l sbkplc` lcl sfkub ,

irlsls"irlsls mbdbk kbsybrbibt kfrfib sfcmlrl sfcmlrl kudbl kfcybmbribc kfrfib bibc

pfrducyb pfcldblbc tfctbc` fislstfcsl kfrfib sfcmlrl . 'frabtlbc gfdbibc`bc lcl btbs

kbsbdba"kbsbdba `dhgbd , ofdbs gbcybi ibltbccyb mfc`bc ybc` tfrbialr lcl $ obml, mldlabtmbrl sf`l ifpfctlc`bc kfrfib sfcmlrl ml kbsb"ksb kfcmbtbc` , alc``b obua if bwbd bgbm

if "6& .

'brb nfcmlilbwbc uclb Iftl`b , ml kuib pfrugbabc jucmbkfctbd lcl, oustru kbilc

gbcybi ybc` kfkpfr`lbt usbab pfc`hpfrbc ldku"ldku Gbrbt , ybc` pbmb tbauc"tbauc

tfrbialr lcl kfkbc` tbkpbi kbilc gfrtbkgbashpalstlnbtfm mbc ibrfcbcyb sfhdba"hdbakfkgbwb pbcol pfcyfdfsblbc kbsbdba dfwbt ) bdtfrcbtlj ifrbs ) ybc` kbilc gbcybi

tfrdlabt ml uclb Iftl`b, tbkpbicyb tbi gbcybi kfcybcmbribc kfrfib tfctbc`

ifabkpbbc mbrl fisprlkfc $fisprlkfc pfkgbc`ucbc fihchkl sfrtb khmfrclsbsl mbc

lcmustrlbdlsbsl ybc` gfrudbc`ibdl mlifrobibc pbmb mbsbwbrsb"mbsbwbrsb dbdu . ]lmbi ou`btfrdlabt hdfa gbcybi mbrl kfrfib lcl gbawb if`b`bdbc kbsb dbdu ltu kfcucouiibc

guibccyb usbab cf`brb"cf`brb uclb Iftl`b lcl iurbc` lctfcslj, iurbc` ifrbs , iurbc`

tfrhr`bclslr , btbupuc ibrfcb kfcbsybrbibt uclb Iftl`b tbi kbkpu kfc`bgshrgslpfrugbabc , ibrfcb sljbt trbmlsl kfrfib tfrdbdu iubt , mbc sfgb`blcyb . %mbdba kuc`ilc

sfibdl gbawb if`b`bdbc ltu tfrobml ibrfcb bdtfrcbtlj Gbrbc abcyb pucyb brtl gubt hrbc`"

hrbc` ybc` tlc``bd ml mbfrba fcndbvf Gbrbt , ybicl ihtb"ihtb . l dlabt mbrl sf`lpbcmbc`bc kbsybrbibt kbyhrltbs lcl pfkgbc`ucbc kuc`ilc tbi mlbrtlibc abcyb sfgb`bl

khmfrclsbsl btbu lcmustrlbdlsbsl sfpfrtl ybc` tfrmbpbt pbmb cf`brb"cf`brb ybc` sumba

kbou , gbli ybc` bmb ml Gdhi Gbrbt kbupuc Gdhi ]lkur . (uc`ilc `bkgbrbc kfrfib

guibc abcyb dfgla sfmfrabcb , tbpl oustru kfkldlil iubdltbs ybc` gfrgfmb mfc`bc bpb

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ybc` ml`bkgbribc mbdbk phdb gfrplilr Gbrbt .

Ibdbu ihcstbctbsl iltb lcl gfcbr , kbib kbsbdbacyb ofdbs guibc gb`blkbcb kfkpfrgfsbrmhsls pfkgbc`ucbc fihchklkhmfrclsbsllcmustrlbdlsbsl , mfkl tfrobmlcyb "rfbitarhu`a

kfdfwbtl sfrfctftbc vlntlks nlrndf mbc ifkumlbc tbif"hjj btbu , gb`blkbcb nbrbcyb

kfkpfriftbt pfrfcnbcbbc mbc pfdbisbcbbc pfrfcnbcbbc mfc`bc kfc``ucbibckfthmf)*"(1 ybc` kutbialr @ btbupuc kfkgfctui pfkfrlctbabc ybc` dfgla ifrbs db`l

mbrl ybc` sfibrbc` sumba iltb dlabt ml gbcybi cf`brb uclb Iftl`b . (bsbdbacyb

kuc`ilc gb`blkbcb kfcnbrl sfrtb kfrukusibc bdtfrcbtlj ybc` gfcbr"gfcbr sfsublmfc`bc ifbmbbc mbc iflc`lcbc kbsybrbibt dubs $ ibtbibcdba sfguba bdtfrcbtlj uclb

Iftl`b , tbcpb ihchtbsl lmfhdh`l bpbpuc 'lilrbc sfkbnbk lcl guibc gbru ibrfcb -bcmal

pfrcba kfklilribc abd ltu , mfklilbc pudb gbcybi thiha"thiha uclb Iftl`b dblccyb $

klsbdcyb, +fhphdm !fmbr !fc`ahr , ; u , !hfibrch , faru . ]bpl tbkpbicyb kfkbc`abcyb -bcmal ybc` sfnbrb sfrlus guibc abcyb kfklilribc tfctbc` )bdtfrcbtlj gbru ) ltu ,

tbpl ou`b kfdbiuibc sfrfctftbc fisprlkfc dfwbt gfrgb`bl ibkpbcyf swbmfsalcyb . 'bmb

wbitu ltu puc gbcybi pfklkplc sfrtb nfcmlilbwbc uclb Iftl`b ybc` tlmbi ybilc btbs

bdtfrcbtlj -bcmal lcl $ tfrdbdu lmfbdllstls , ibtb kfrfib. l sbkplc` ltu , sfpfrtl sumba iltbifkuibibc , ifgbcybibc pbrb pfklkplc mbc nfcmlilbwbc uclb Iftl b wbitu ltu

kfkldla bdtfrcbtlj ybc` tfrkumba , tbpl ou`b pbdlc` kfrfib ifcbd, ybicl bdtfrcbtlj Gbrbt .

=bc` iltb plilrbcibc kfkbc` guibccyb gbdli if `brls -bcmal ltu . !fdblc bdtfrcbtlj

-bcmal ltu kbilc sudlt uctui mldbisbcbibc ml abmbpbc ifbmbbc dlc`iuc`bc muclb ybc`ihkpdfis , ybc` mftli mfkl mftli sfnFbrb rutlc kfkbisbibc pfrsybrbtbc"

pfrsybrbtbc)sur>l>bd@ ) ybc` tbi glsb mltbwbr , gbli pbmb tlc`ibtbc lcml>lmu kbupuc

tlc`ibtbc ihdfitlj , tlc`ibt gbc`sb mbc cf`brb @ ou`b bdtfrcbtlj ltu tlmbi mlcbkls uctui

kfc`abmbpl rfbdltbs pfrifkgbc`bc ml kbsb"kbsb kfcmbtbc` , sfpfrtl ybc` ml`bkgbribchdfa gbcybi stuml juturhdh`l gfdbibc`bc lcl . (bsbdbacyb tftbp kbsbdba 0 gb`blkbcb

kbou if kuib =bc` gfrgfmb bmbdba 0 kbou if kuib , if tuoubc sfrtb sbsbrbc ybc` sfsubl

mfc`bc ifbmbbc mbc iflc`lcbc iltb sfcmlrl Obml , ofdbs guibccyb kbou if kuib kfcurutlbdtfrcbtlj Gbrbt sfpfrtl ybc` iltb ifrobibc alc``b ilcl .

!umba tfrdbdu gbcybi stuml juturdh`l ybc` kfcucouiibc , gftbpb bibc sudlt sfibdl gb`lcf`brb"cf`brb uclb Iftl`b uctui kfc`urbc`l ourbc` pfklsba ybc` bmb mbdbk tlc`ibt

pfcmbpbtbc rlld pfribpltb cf`brb"cf`brb ybc` sumba kbou mbc kfrmfib . Gbli absld

ifdhkphi Obc ]lcgfr`fc kbupuc ifdhkphi Abssldy +fhchtlfj , ifmubcyb kfcucouiibc

pfrducyb mldbiuibc pfrugbabc ybc` mrbtls ml kbslc`"kbslc` cf`brb uclb Iftl`b mbdbkglmbc` phdltli, shslbd mbc lcsltuslhcbd. 'fc`bdbkbc iltb pbmb mbsbwbrsb"mbsbwbrsb ybc`

dbdu sumba nuiup kfcucouiibc gftbpb pfdbisbcbbc lmf"lmf sfkbnbk ltu abkplr tbi

kuc`ilc , guibc abcyb ml cf`brb"cf`brb uclb Iftl`b sbob tbpl ou`b ml cf`brb"cf`brbybc` sumba kbou , ybc` sfgftudcyb kfkpucybl pfdubc` fihchkl, shslbd, phdltli , mbc

lcsltuslhcbd ybc` obua dfgla gbli mbrlpbmb ukukcyb mltfkul ml cf`brb"cf`brb uclb

Iftl`b . (fdlabt sfkub lcl, sfgftudcyb ifslkpudbc obml b`bi sfmfrabcb , ybicl 0 alc``btbauc 6EEE ifbmbbc sfgb`lbc tfrgfsbr kbsybrbibt uclb Iftl`b tlmbi bibc gfrugba

gbcybi mbrl ybc` iltb dlabt sfibrbc` , tlmbi mbdbk iubctltbs mbc tlmbi ou`b mbdbk iubdltbs

Lcl gfrbrtl pudb , ifbmbbc sfsumba tbauc 6EEE puc kuc`ilc bibc obml gurui sfpfrtl ybc`

mlpfrlc`btibc hdfa Ndu" hj #hkfpbmb tbauc &532 . Ifslkpudbc lcl tftbp bibc gfrtbabc ,

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sfbcmblcyb pfrugbabc"pfrugbabc lctfrc ybc` mlabrbpibc ]lcgfr`fc mbc +fhctlfj mbrl

uclb Iftl`b gfcbr"gfcbr tfrobml . Ifslkpudbc kbnbk lcl , tbcpb stuml juturhdh`l ybc`

dubs sfrtb ruklt , sumba pfrcba mlifkuibibc hdfa gbcybi pfclcobu dubr btbupuc kfrfibybc` tlc``bd ml uclb Iftl`b .

l kuib `bkgbrbc lcldba plilrbc tfctbc` 0bdtfrcbtlj uclb Iftl`b ) tbml kfcobml subtuybc` sfrlus. uclb Iftl`b ofdbs gfrgfmb mfc`bc Gbrbt . Ibrfcb ltu wbobr gldb iltb oustru

kfc`bkgld ifbmbbc uclb Iftl`b sfgb`bl bcnfr"bcnfr tuoubc sfrtb sbsbrbc pfkgbc`ucbc

iltb . =bc` ofdbs, tlmbi glsb tfrdbdu tlc``l mbrl ltu . +h`lscyb, ibrfcb ltu , guibc bdtfrcbtljpfkgbc`ucbc fihchklkhmfrclsbsllcmustrlbdlsbsl Gbrbt ybc` iltb obmlibc khmfd, tbpl

bdtfrcbtlj ybc` mlmlitf hdfa ifbmbbc kbsybrbibt iltb ltudba ybc` mlobmlibc khmfd . Lcl

gfrbrtl bdtfrcbtlj kfc`fobr pfrtukguabc pfr pfcmbpbtbc cbslhcbd iurbc` kfkpucybl brtl.

+fgla pfctlc` bmbdba kfcobklc bmbcyb pfrifkgbc`bc ybc` kfcob`b ifbmldbc sfobi mbrlsfkudb alc``b tbauc 6EEE, mbc kuc`ilc pudb sfsumbacyb .Gfdbibc`bc lcl badl"badl Gbrbt

sfcmlrl gbcybi ybc` kudbl kfcourus if brba pfcmbpbt sfpfrtl ltu .

%dtfrcbtlj kbnbk ybc` iltb ifkuibibc lcl tfctu bibc kfclkgudibc ihcsfiufcsl ybc`obua ou`b mbdbk slibp mbc nbrb gfrplilr ibdbc`bc nfcmlilbwbc uclb Iftl`b . =bc` ofdbs

mfc`bc sf`frb bmbdba , iltb abrus kfc`bdlibc pfrabtlbc kbsybrbibt lcmustrl mbc khmfrcml Gbrbt , ybc` sfrlc` obml khmfd iltb ltu . Ibdbu lcl iltb dbiuibc , bibc tfrcybtb cbctl

gbawb guibc tuoubc mbc sbsbrbc ltu sbob ybc` abrus gfrugba , tbpl ou`b irltfrlb ybc` iltb

`ucbibc abrus mltlcobu ifkgbdl .

(fc`ugba irltfrlb lcl ou`b tbi sfsudlt sfpfrtl ybc` mlgbybc`ibc , bpbdb`l gldb sfnbrb

pslihdh`ls iltb tlmbi kbkpucybl rbsb rfcmba mlrl kfkpfr`ucbibc bdtfrcbtlj uclb

Iftl`b ml kuib bmbcyb bdtfrcbtlj Gbrbt ybc` afgbt ltu . Gfrplilr mbdbk obdur bdtfrcbtljuclb Iftl`b ukukcyb kfc`abrusibc iltb uctui kfc`alcmbrl phdb gfrplilr mbdbk sibdb"

sibdb gfsbr , kudbl mbrl tlc`ibt kbirh"cbslhcbd sbkpbl mfc`bc kbirh"`dhgbd @

kfc`alcmbrl phdb gfrplilr ybc` kfibclstls, ybc` gfrhrlfctbsl ifpbmb tficli sfkbtb"kbtb,mbc kfc`bdlaibc pbmb phdb gfrplilr lcstltuslhcld @ mbc kfc`alcmbrl phdb gfrplilr ybc`

kfdlabt sf`bdb sfsubtu mfc`bc slibp hgyfitlj cftrbd, mbc prb`kbtls , mbc kfc`bdlaibccyb

pbmb phdb ybc` kfc`abruibc iltb gfrpbrtlslpbsl uctui obc`ib wbitu dbkb . !umba tfrdbdugbcybi stuml lcstltutlhc "uldmlc` ybc` mlifrobibc badl Gbrbt ybc` kfcucouiibc , gftbpb

tbcpb dfkgb`b mbc tbcpb bmbcyb pbrtlslpbsl mbrl sfkub ybc` gfrifpfctlc`bc usbab

pfkgbc`ucbc sfrlc` abcyb tlc``bd ml tfpl"tfpl pfrkuibbc kbsybrbibt sbob, sfkbnbk

ibrlibtur mbc guibc `bkgbrbc pfrugbabc ybc` rlld . %ilgbt mbrl sfkub lcl, irltfrlb iltbguibc db`l pfcmbpbtbc cbslhcbd gruth pfr ibpltb mbc kbnbk"kbnbk db`l uiurbc fihchkl

kbtfrl ybc` iwbctltbtlj sljbtcyb, tbpl"klsbdcyb $pfrugbabc"pfrugbabc mbdbk slibp ,

mbdbk phdb gfrplilr, mbdbk pbrtlslpbsl mbdbk pfrifkgbc`bc ybc` tfrobml pbmb lcsltusl"lcsltusl ml kbsybrbibt kbyhrltbs .

#bcyb mfc`bc kfkpfr`ucbibc tuoubc, sbsbrbc , sfrtb irltfrlb mbrl bdtfrcbtlj uclb Iftl`bltudba glsb mlalcmbrl bmbcyb ifsbc , ybc` kbilc mlrbsbibc mbsbwbrsb lcl , gbawb

nfcmlilbwbc uclb Iftl`b tbkpbi sfprtl sfiukpudbc )hrbc` Gbrbt ) ml ) muclb ]lkur ) .

bc gftbpb tlmbi, ibrfcb iftlib uclb Iftl`b gftud"gftud kfkfrduibc bdtfrcbtlj ybc`

kfrmfib , ybc` tfrdfpbs mbrl khmfd Gbrbt , pbrb nfcmlilbwbccyb oustru kfchdfa if Gbrbt

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sfcmlrl kudbl mltlc``bdibccyb ibdbu tlmbi mlrb`uibc ifgfcbrbccyb, btbupuc mlrb`uibc

rfdf>bcslcyb uctui gbli kbsybrbibt muclb ]lkur kbupuc kbsybrbibt Gbrbt sfcmlrl

%mbdba subtu lrhcl gldb muclb ]lkur , ybc` sfrlc` mlsfgut sfgb`bl muclb (hrbd , oustrumlmhklcbsl hdfa phdb gfrplilr tficls ybc` )lkpfrshcbd ) mbc ybc` kbtfrlbdlstls . %mbdba

trb`ls, gubt iltb , gldb muclb Gbrbt ybc` uc``ud tficls ltu oustru kbilc kfcobml muclb

(hrbd mbc kfc`uc``udl iltb mbdbk abd ltu . / Iuctohrh"Obitl , &538 0 &M $ 68 7

Ufrbc Nfcmlilbwbc mbdbk Ufrmf"btbc

%cthclh -rbksnl bmbdba bcbi sfhrbc` pfobgbt ifdbs kfcfc`ba tlc`ibt prh>lcsl ,lb

gfroubc` ifrbs uctui kfc`btbsl abkgbtbc shslbd mbc abkgbtbc jlsli uctui kfcobml

sfhrbc` nfcmlilbwbc . lb kfchdbi nbrb"nbrb usbc` mbdbk glrhirbsl dhibd, mbc ghroulsgfrgumbyb ihtb , mub nbrb trbmlslhcbd uctui sfhrbc` bcbi bkglslus mbrl prh>lcsl . !fgb`bl

kbabslswb pfcfrlkb gfbslswb ybc` gfdbobr ml ;cl>frsltbs ]urlc mbdbk tbauc &5&E"bc,

-rbksnl kfc`ihkglcbslibc stuml bibmfkli mfc`bc pbrtlslpbsl mbdbk `frbibc"`frbibc

shslbdls ybc` sftfdba absld pfkldlabc ukuk tbauc &5&6 , `frbibc tfrsfgut kfcobml sbdbasbtu mbrl mub `frbibc phdltli rbiybt .

'bmb mbsbrcyb `frbibc shslbdls gfrbibr pbmb ifdbs gurua ml bctbrb `frbibc shslbdls

tfrkbsui 'brtbl !hslbdls , ybc` gfrsblc` mfc`bc 'brtbl ?biybt Ibthdli / 4btahdln 'brtlth

'hphdbrf 7 , kfcmlrlibc pudb gblsls ml sfdbtbc ybc` gfrpfcmumui sfgb`lbc gfsbr pftbclmbdbk upbyb kfc`hr`bclslr kbssb rbiybt Ltbdlb ybc` gbru kfkpfrhdfa abi pldla . Ibrfcb

ifgbcybibc bc``htb ifmub ifdhkphi lcl gutb auruj mbc gfrpfcmlmlibc rfcmba, kbib

sbdba sbtu tu`bscyb bmbdba kfdfc`ibpl kbssb rbiybt pfkldlacyb ltu mfc`bc pfc`ftbaubc

mbsbr b`br mbpbt gfrpbrtlslpbsl mbdbk prhsfs mfkhirbtlsbsl . (fkgfrlibc `frbibc ifdbsgurua mfc`bc ) pfc`ftbaubc mbsbr irltli shslbdlskf, pfcftrbsl iudturbd mbc mljuslcyb )

kfrupbibc pfkbabkbc -brksnl kfc`fcbl pfrbc hrbc` ybc` tfrmlmli ybc` ihkklt

sfnbrb shslbd , ybicl pbrb nfcmlilbwbc .

(fmlb pfcmlmlibc phdltli lcl mbdbk `frbibc shslbdls Ltbdlb bmbdba dfkgb`b"dfkgb`b

tfrifcbd sfpfrtl nbsf mfd phphdh, sfguba ifdhkphi dhibd ybc` kfkgfrlibc iursus"iursushdfa rb`b mbc gfctui"gfctui rfirfbsl dblccyb . !fpfrtl kltrbcyb ml rhpb gb`lbc utbrb ,

shslbdlskf Ltbdlb gfrabsld mbdbk kfkgbc`uc subtu lcjrbstuitur ifgumbybbc ybc`

kfkgfrlibc tlmbi sbob pfcmlmlibc phdltli mbc rfirfbsl tftbpl ou`b gfctui"gfctui dblc

upbyb swbmbyb kbsybrbibt . Ou`b ml slcl ifdhkphi shslbdls mbck Ibthdli gfrsblc` afgbt ,ihpfrbsl gurua mbc phs"phs gbctubc pfrtbkb pbmb ifnfdbibbc gfrsblc` afgbt mfc`bc

if`lbtbc ibrltbtlj mbrl `frfob sftfkpbt . =bc` dfgla pfctlc` db l, sftlmbicyb uctui

br`ukfc iltb , bmbdba gfctui"gfctui pfcmlmlibc bdtfrcbtlj ybc` mlgfrlibc `frbibcshslbdls . -frfob Ibthdli kfrupbibc pfc`bwbs utbkb pfcmlmlibc ml Ltbdlb , mbc mfc`bc

kfdlabt hrlcftbsl trbmlslhcbd mbc struitur alfrbrilcyb , sfrtb dlc`iuc`bc kbsybrbibt ybc`

kbsla tfrgfdbibc` , kbib pfcmlmlibc `frbibc shslbdls dbdu kfcobml bdtfrcbtlj pbdlc`phpudfr . Obml nfcmlilbwbc pbrtlsbc kfc`fkgbc subtu tu`bs mbsbr mbc jucmbkfctbd

ybicl 0 kfkgfrl kbssb pfcmlmlibc mbsbr mbc shslbdlskf bdtfrcbtlj .

!fgb`bl sfhrbc` wbrtbwbc mbc fmlthr sfguba surbt ibgbr shslbdls mbdbk sltubsl sfkbnbk

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ltu, -rbksnl kfkliud tbc``uc` obwbg gfrbt , ibdbu guibc sfpfcuacyb mbrl sumut ftlib

prhjfsslhcbd , tfctucyb mbrl sumut phdltls , ybicl pfcmlmlibc lmfhdh`ls . 'bmb tbauc &5&B ,

sfgb`bl kbabslswb gfruslb 6N tbauc . -rbksnl kfcobml fmlthr Ld `rlmh mfd phphdh/ 'bc``ldbc ?biybt 7 , sfguba klc``ubc !hslbdls ml ihtb ]urlch @ mbc pbmb sbbt ybc`

sbkb lb ou`b ifdlkcls tftbp pbmb %>bctl , surbt ibgbr 'brtbl !hslbdls Ltbdlb . ]lmbi sfpfrtl

gbcybi rfibc sf`fcfrbslcyb , -rbksnl sfhrbc` ybc` tlmbi ml`kbtls mbdbk kfdbisbcbibctu`bscyb sfgb`bl pfcmlmli phdltli . %rtlifd"brtlifdcyb sbc`bt ofdbs mbc gfrhrlfctbsl pbmb

abd ybc` jbitubd tfrobml Iltb tlmbi bibc kfcfkuibc uc`ibpbc btbu ybc` dukrba @

kfctbdltbscyb bcbdlstls mbc irltls , sugtbcslcyb tlmbi mh`kbtls mbc jbitubd , jbitbcybsfdbdu kfkbcnlc` mlsiusl ukuk kfc`fcbl sltubsl Ltbdlb mbc muclb.

!fkfctbrb -rbksnl kfrupbibc tlmur tfdbmbc ybc` tlmbi mlrb`uibc db`l, ybc` kfrupbibc

pfrabtlbc utbkb bmbdba dfgla pbmb pfrbc -rbksnl mbdbk kfcnlptbibc ifkgbdlnfcmlilbwbc pbrtlsbc mbdbk ihctfis Ltbdlb mbc guibc iubdltbs ifrobcyb l slcl mub

sukgbc`bc -rbksnl .Ufrtbkb, lb kfcobml pfcfc`ba ml bctbrb ifdhkphi gumbyb fdltf

ybc` tfrmlmli mbc kbssb, sfmbc` wbabcb uctui kfcobml kfmlbthr bmbdba `frbibc shslbdls

mbc subsbcb pugdli ybc` tfrguib surbt"surbt ibgbr, tfkpbt"tfkpbt pfrtfkubc,mfkhctrbc"mfkhctrbc , mbc ybc` pbdlc` pfctlc` mbdbk ibsus -rbksnl lcl bmbdba mfwbc"

mfwbc pbgrli . !fgb`bl nfcmlilbwbc pbrtlsbc , -rbksnl kfwuoumibc prhsfs kfmlbsl ltu,mbc mlbdba $ tfctu sbob gbcybi ybc` dblc ou`b $ ybc` kfkgubt ltu tfrobml . fc`bc

mfklilbc sfguba `fcfrbsl gbru nfcmlilbwbc tfrgfctui mbdbk prhsfs lcl . Ifmub, tudlsbc"

tudlsbc -rbksnl ltu sfcmlrl . l slcl , lb tlmbi gfrplilr sfpfrtl ifgbcybibc brtlifd surbtibgbr, tftbpl dfgla klrlp surbt"surbt mbc nbtbtbc"nbtbtbc prlgbml , abd kbcb -rbksnl

kuc`ilc sfnbrb pbrbmhisbd kfc`bkgld obrbi mbrlcyb mbc kfrfjdfislibc pfrbc sfhrbc`

nfcmlilbwbc . Gbcybi mbrl sukgbc`bc lcl, gbli mbdbk gfctui kbupuc lslcyb , sfmlilt

gbcybi kfrupbibc fisprfsl pfctlc` lmubd mlgbcmlc`ibc sfnbrb ihdfitlj .

bdbk ibsus -rbksnl lcl tfctu sbob gfcbr . bdbk sltubsl ybc` abkplr mbpbt mlibtbibc

tfrlshdbsl thtbd, obua mbrl tu`bs"tu`bs prbitls mbc ihcjdli"ihcjdli prlgbml mbdbk lctfrc

`frbibc phdltli , ou`b obua mbrl tfibcbc phdltli -rbksnl kbkpu kfkpfrtbabcibcpfcmlrlbc ybc` rfjdfitlj mbc gfrobrbi tfrabmbp `frbibc kbupuc tfrabmbp

ifnfcmlilbwbccyb . fc`bc ibtb dblc , pfcobrb kfkgfrlibc ifpbmbcyb ifsfkpbtbc ybc`

dfgla obua mlb kbcb mlb dfgla mbpbt kfc`bsba iftrbkpldbc hgyfitl>ltbscyb mbdbk

kbsbdba"kbsbdba phdltli .

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Ibryb"ibryb -rbsknl ybc` mltudls ml pfcobrb bmbdba idbsli mbrl sumut sbstrb . Ibryb"ibryb

ltu tfdba kfkgfrlibc pfc`brua sbc`bt iubt sfobi tfrglt pfrtbkb ibdl ml Ltbdlb pbmb tbauc&5N8 . (udb"kudb pfc`brua ibryb"ibrybcyb ltu tfrbsb sfnbrb cbslhcbd , ifkumlbc kfdubs

iaususcyb iftlib `frbibc "`frbibc shslbd gbru tfdba kfcucouiibc klcbt ybc` suc``ua"

suc``ua ifpbmb nfcmlilbwbc pbrtlsbc ?fjdfisl"rfjdfisl -rbksnl kfc`fcbl pfrbcnfcmlilbwbc mbdbk tudlsbc"tudlsbccyb iftlib ml pfcobrb dbdu kfcobml sbc`bt tfrifcbd

Ibrfcb ltu abcyb bspfi"bspfi ybc` sfnbrb dbc`suc` rfdf>bc mfc`bc br`ukfctbsl iltb ,

bibc iltb udbc`l .

'ilrbc utbkb -rbksnl kfc`fcbl pbrb nfcmlilbwbc bmbdba gbawb kfrfib ltu sfnbrb

alsthrls tfrgfctui sfnbrb `fcfrbslhcbd . brl sumut phtfcsl kbcuslbwl , sftlbp hrbc`

bmbdba nfcmlilbwbc , abcyb ihcmlsl"ihcmlsl shslbd kfcfctuibc , slbpb ybc` bibckfcobml sfhrbc` nfcmlilbwbc tudfc . %pbgldb iltb kfdlabt ghght phsltlj kfc`fcbl

pfc``ucbbc lctfdfi gb`l tuoubc"tuoubc phdltli sfpfrtl pbcmbc`bc -rbksnl ltu, kbib

pfctlc` uctui mlpfrtbcybibc , kfc`bpb tlmbi sfkub hrbc` kfcobml nfcmlilbwbc . bdbk

kbsybrbibty ifdbs, bisfs ifpbmb sybrbt"sybrbt iudtlurbd , mbsbr ybc` ml btbscyb sfhrbc`nfcmlilbwbc kfc`fkgbc`ibc mlrl mlgbtbsl mbc sfnbrb iftbt mlbwbsl . (bib sbdba sbtu

tu`bs utbkb `frbibc shslbdls bmbdba kfcnlptbibc ihcmlsl"ihcmlsl ybc` kfkuc`ilcibcpfcyfgbrbc sfdubs"dubscyb btbs ifgumbybbc ybc` mlwbrllsl gbli sfnbrb shslbd kbupuc

sfnbrb `fh`rbjls .

]lmbi sfpfrtl +uibns , ybc` kfcuc``u sbkpbl lb kfcmbpbtibc mlrlcyb ml tfc`ba"tfc`ba

rf>hdusl . -rbksnl gfrbr`ukfc gbawb tu`bs pfcyfgbrbc ifgumbybbc abrus mlkudbl

sfgb`bl prbsybrbt rf>hdusl , gluibc sfgb`bl ihcsfiufcsl rf>hdusl . ]uoubccyb guibcdba

uctui kfkgfrlibc obwbgbc"obwbgbc ifpbmb irlsls prlgbml pbrb sfclkbc mbc jldhshj ,gbaibc uctui ,krkgrtlibc shdusl"shdusl gb`l prhgdfk"prhgdfk jldsbjbt idbsli , kfdblcibc

uctui kfcylbpibc ihcmlsl"ihcmlsl mbdbk kbcb sftlbp hrbc` mbpbt kfcobml nfcmlilbwbc .

fc`bc mfklilbc pbrb nfcmlilbwbc tlmbi mlpbcmbc` sfgb`bl gb`lbc mbrl ifdhkphi fdlf ,btbu plkplcbc"lkplcbc sfguba `frbibc , tftbpl sfkbtb"kbtb hrbc` ybc` kfc``ucbibc

plilrbc mbc wbrlsbc iudturbd kfrfib ucttui kfkgubt pfcldblbc mbc gfrtlcmbi sfnbrb

phdltls . brl pfrspfitlj -rbksnl lcl, tu`bs `fcfrbsl `fcfrbsl gbru nfcmlilbwbc pbrtlsbc ,bmbdba kfkgubt pbrb nfcmlilbwbc trbmlslhcbd kfcobml iurbc` pfrdu .

l gbwba ihcmlsl"ihcmlsl ybc` sbc`bt mlgbtbsl mbc ifsfabtbc ybc` tfrus kfcuruc ,

-rbksnl kfdbiuibc stuml kfc`fcbl )nfcmlilbwbc $nfcmlilwbc gfsbr ) , gfrsbkbbcmfc`bc ltu pfkbabkbc kfc`fcbl nbrb"nbrb kfcnbpbl ifsfpbibtbc btbu af`fkhcl mbdbk

kbsybrbibt . !fpfrtl +fclc, pfrabtlbc -rbksnl tfrabmbp pbrb nfcmlilbwbc , mbc mbdbk

abkplr sfkub abd dblc, tudlsbc"tudlsbccyb gfrsljbt prbitls mbc strbtf`ls . -rbksnlkfkpfdbobrl sfobrba pbrb nfcmlilbwbc Ltbdlb ibrfcb mlb lc`lc kfdfpbsibc mlrl mbrl kfrfib

sfgb`bl subtu dbplsbc shslbd , mbc ibrfcb lb kbcbrua pfrabtlbc pbmb pfrbc ybc` abrus

mlkblcibc pbrb nfcmlilbwbc pbrtlsbc mbdbk prhsfs kfdfpbsibc mlrl ltu. 'fcfkubccybkfkgubt -rbksnl gfrifslkpudbc gbawb ibrfcb subtu rfctftbc ifbmbbc , tfrkbsui

ifcybtbbc gbawb kfrfib pbdlc` sfrlc` bitlj ml dubr wldbybacyb sfcmlrl , ybicl sfgb`bl

juc`slhcbrls -frfob mbc Ifiblsbrbc ?hkbwl , pbrb nfcmlilbwbc Ltbdlb kfkgfctui subtu

ifdhkphi ybc` tfrplsba , iurbc` kfkldlil sbrbcb, mbc gbaibc iurbc` pfmudl mbdbk

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kfkbc`bcl kbsbdba kbssb. (frfib kfrupbibc subtu fdltf ybc` tfrtutup mbc tlmbi

gfrmlrl gfgbs, tbcpb pucyb pfrabtlbc mbc ifkbkpubc uctui kfdlgbtibc mlrl pbmb

pfrshbdbc ybc` mlabmbpl kbsybrbibt . %pb puc brtlcyb, lcl gfrbrtl gb`l pfrifkgbc`bclctfrcbd ih`cltlj , mbrl sumut phdltli ifgumbybbc , ltu gfrbrtl tlmbi gbcybi ybc` mbpbt

mlbcmbdibc uctui kfcfctbc` af`fkhcl -frfob Ibthdli mbdbk abd pfcmlmlibc rbiybt

?fjdfisl tfctbc` jhrkbsl alsthrls pbrb nfcmlilbwbc Ltbdlb sfkbnbk ltu , kfkgbwb-rbksnl pbmb sbdba sbtu rukusbccyb ybc` sbc`bt tfrifcbd nfcmlilbwbc hr`bcls .

4fcmlilwbc hr`bcls , tlmbi sfpfrtl pfklilr gfsbr trbmlshcbd , tlmbi pudb sfpfrtl -rbksnlybc` bmbdba nfcmlilbwbc pbrtlsbc , kfrupbibc ifdhkphi nfcmlilbwbc ybc` mfc`bc sbmbr

kfc`fkgbc`ibc ibpbsltbs iudturbd mbc phdltls abcyb uctui ifdbscyb sfcmlrl. !fibdlpuc

pbmb wbitu -rbksnl ifdhkphi nfcmlilbwbc pbrtlsbc oukdbacyb abcyb sfmlilt ,

kfc`lc`bt ihcmlsl ifalmupbc ifgumbybc Ltbdlb mbc pfrbc nfcmlilbwbc trbmlshcbd mlmbdbkcyb , nfcmlilbwbc pbrtlsbc abrus gfroubc` ifrbs kfcnlptbibc ihcmlsl"ihcmlsl ml

kbcb ifdbs gurua mbc ifdbs nfcmlilbwbc hr`bcls mbpbt kucnud. bkuc lcl abcyb

kfrupbibc sbdba sbtu dbc`iba sbob mbrl pfrobdbcbc pbcobc` kfc`fdlklcbsl nfcmlilbwbc ,

bpb puc `brls shslbdcyb , mbc kfkuc`ilcibc sftlbp hrbc` uctui kfkldlil bisfs ifpbmbihkptfcsl iudturbd ybc` mbrl nfcmlilbwbc mldbalribc . (fc`lc`bt pfrgfmbbc bisfs"bisfs

gumbyb ybc` sljbtcyb ihctfkphrfr mbc alsthrls, gbli pbmb `fcfrbsl tfrabmudu kbupucpbmb `fcfrbsl -rbksnl , kbib pfcnlptbbc ihcmlsl ltu sfcmlrl tfctu bibc kfkbibc wbitu

pbcobc` .

+uibns mbc -rbksnl kfcfkuibc ifkgbdl trbmlsl (brFlbc kfc`fcbl nfcmlilbwbc sfgb`bl

pbrtlsbc ybc` tfrdlgbt , pbmb kbsb ml kbcb kfrfib kfdlabt ifgfrplabibc bmbdba sfsubtu

ybc` lkpfrbtlj. -frbibc"`frbibc shslbd pbmb wbitu ltu kfkbc` kfcnlptbibc rubc` ml

kbcb nfcmlilbwbc `fcfrbsl gbru mbpbt kucnud . %`fc"b`fc pfcfc`ba mbdbk prhsfs lclbmbdba lcjrbstruitur ybc` mlnlptbibc hdfa ifdhkphi"ifdhkphi mbc pbrtbl"pbrtbl phdltli

ybc` dfgla ifnld ybc` kfc`fkgbc`ibc sbrbcb"sbrbcb ihkuclibsl kfrfib sfcmlrl ,

kfc`hr`bclslr mbc kfcmlmli , mbc mfc`bc mfklilbc kfrfshclbdlsbslibc kbssb. -frbibc$`frbibc ltu kfc`bmbibc rbpbt"rbpbt mbc mfkhctrbsl"mfkhctrbsl kbssb, mfc`bc ltu

kfcyfmlbibc pbrb nfcmlilbwbc kbssb , mbc sbrbcb uctui kfcnbpbl kbssb ltu . brl

sfhrbc` pfcudls ybc` kfcfkul pfkgbnbcyb kfdbdul kfmlb nftbi, nfcmlilbwbc sfibrbc`dbdu kfcobml ifdhkphi mfc`bc lmfctltbs ihdfitlj pfcua , ybc` gfrjuc`sl sfgb`bl

pfcfc`ba gbaibc sbob bctbrb fdltf mbc kbssb kfdblcibc ybc` dfgla pfctlc` bmbdba bctbrb

gumbyb mbc phdltli . / yfrkbc , &558 0 &&& $ &&3 7

Ilcl hrbc` gbcybi glnbrb tfctbc` pfc`ialbcbtbc ibuk lctfdfitubd , ifgbc`iltbc ibuk

lctfdfitubd mbc kbdbabc tfctbc` pfkgfrhctbibc ibuk lctfdfitubd !fkub lcl

kfc`lc`btibc iltb ifkgbdl ifpbmb sfguba guiu ifnld ibrbc`bc sfhrbc` pfc`brbc`'frbcnls , Oudlfc Gfcmb ,$b !rbsalshc mfs Ndfrns, ybc` tfrglt ml tbauc &563 . Guiu lcl ml

ibdbc`bc ibuk lctfdfitubd ml Gbrbt sfdbdu kfcmbpbt pfrabtlbc ybc` gfsbr , mbc pfrcba

mlsbdlc mbdbk gbabsb Lc``rls mfc`bc oumud !af frtrbybd hj taf Lctfddfntubds. %mb mubfmlsl bsdl ybc` tfrglt tbauc &563 mbc fmlsl ifmub mltfrgltibc ml tbauc &5N3 / 6E tbauc

ifkumlbc 7 mbc mlgfrl ibtb pfc`bctbr hdfa pfc`brbc`cyb ybc` tfrcybtb wbitu ltu kbsla

almup @ pfc`bctbr lcl pbcobc`cyb abkplr sbkb mfc`bc fmlsl bsdlcyb , sfalc``b sfhdba"

hdba kfrupbibc guiu tfrsfcmlrl . .

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Gb`l sfhfrbc` pfc`brbc` kuc`ilc kfrupbibc pucnbi ifgbab`lbc mbc ifpubsbc , bpbgldb

sftfdba gfrdbdu gfgfrbpb pudua tbauc , lb mbpbt kfcucoui ifkgbdl ifpbmb plilrbc bsdlcybmfc`bc kfc`btbibc gbawb bpb ybc` lb ibtbibc mbaudu ltu tftbp gfcbr mbc tlmbi pfrdu

mlugba btbu rf>lsl ifkgbdl . 'frbsbbc sfmfklilbcdba ybc` mlibcmuc` hdfa Gfcmb , iftlib

lb kfcudls prbibtbcyb uctui fmlsl mbrl guiucyb . )]fsls ybc` sbyb bcut mbdbk guiu sbybybc` tfrglt 6E tbauc ybc` dbdu ,1 ibtb Gfcmb,1 mbc ybc` ilcl sbyb tfrgltibc ifkgbdl,

tlmbi ifaldbc`bc ifgfcbrbccyb , kbdbabc sfgbdlicyb .1 bc bpbiba tfsls ybc`

mlifkuibibccyb 6E tbauc ybc` dbdu ltu, mbc kfc`lc`bt gbawb fmlsl gbrucyb puc tfdbatfrglt iurbc` dfgla 6E tbauc ybc` dbdu ybc` mlifkuibibccyb NE tbauc ybc` dbdu ltu :

'frtbkb"tbkb pfrdu mlurblibc gbawb sfgfduk Gfcmb kfcfrgltibc guiucyb pbmb tbauc

&563 , 'frbcnls gbru sbob kfc`bdbkl if`ucnbc`bc phdltli gfrauguc`bc mfc`bc pfrlstlwbybc` tfrifcbd mfc`bc cbkb $Bjjblrf Mrfyjus . !fhrbc` pfrwlrb ifdbalrbc =bauml ,

Ibptfc rfyjus , tfdba mljltcba gfrmbsbribc mhiukfc"mhiukfc pbdsu hdfa hicuk"

hicuk ybc` bctl"=bauml , gbawb lb tfdba kfcoubd mhiukfc"mhiukfc kldltfr ifpbmb

tfctbrb Ofrkbc . Ibrfcb jltcbabc ltu lb mlauiuk mbc mlgubc` if 'udbu !ftbc .

'frlstlwb tfrsfgut tfdba kfc``ucnbc`ibc muclb phdltli ml 'frbcnls ml wbitu ltu . bcmbdbk pfrlstlwb ltu sf`hdhc`bc ibuk lctfdfitubd ybc` bctl"=bauml tbkpld if kuib uctui

kfkjltcba mbc kfcucoui almuc` . (fkbc` bmb sbtu mub lctfdfitubd 'frbcnls ybc`

kfkgfdb rfyjus , sfpfrtl pfc`brbc` ybc` tfrifcbd kldf hdb , tbpl ibrfcb slibpcyb lclhdb puc tfrpbisb kfdbrlibc mlrl mbrl tbcba blrcyb . .

Ifkumlbc , sfsumba$Bjjblrf Mrfyjusgfrdbdu ml 'frbcnls , Gfcmb kfc`bdbkl pfrkudbbc

kucnudcyb thiha"thiha bctl"mfkhirbtls ml Ltbdlb mfc`bc (usshdlcl sfgb`blpfklkplccyb, mbc ml Ofrkbc mfc`bc %mhdj #ltdfr sfgb`bl Jufarfr"cyb . bc sf`hdhc`bc

ibuk lctfdfitubd 'frbcnls tbkpld db l if kuib uctui turut kfcybcouc`"cybcouc`

`frbibc"`frbibc thtbdltfr mfkl iftfrtlgbc gbru ml rhpb ltu ./ ]bsrlj , &5ME 0 &&E $ &&2 7

!fkub slibp ibuk lctfdfitubd 'frbcnls ltu tfdba sbc`bt gfrifsbc pbmb Gfcmb . fc`bc

dbtbr gfdbibc` sfpfrtl ltu, tfrgltdba pbmb tbauc &563 sfguba guiu ifnld mbrl tbc`bccybmfc`bc oumud$b !rbsalshc mfs Ndrfns/ 'fc`albcbtbc Ibuk Lctfdfitubd 7. l sbcb Gfcmb

kfrukusibc brtl lctfdfitubd sfnbrb sbc`bt iftbt mbc tfrlibt pbmb prbitfi rhpb pbmb sbbt

tfrtfctu mbc ibrfcb ltu abkplr tlmbi mbpbt mlbkgld bdla hdfa subtu ifgumbybbc dblc sfdblc

rhpb , gbaibc %kfrlib !frlibt puc tlmbi. Ibtb ltu . df Ndfrn, sfc`bob mlifkgbdlibcGfcmb ifpbmb bibr +btlc bgbm tfc`ba , ndfrus , ybc` ou`b kfc`bcmuc` gfgfrbpb brtl

cbkuc brtl bsdlcyb bmbdba `hdhc`bc rhabclbwbc ybc` gfrbwbd mbrl ybc` pbdlc` rfcmba

ybltu kfrfib ybc` sumba mltbglsibc . mfc`bc kfcfrlkb thcsurb ybltu ml ifpbdbcybmfc`bc mltbcmbl hdfa nuiurbc rbkgut ybc` sfhdba"hdba mlgubt ghtbi . bdbk tbrmlsl

`frfob Lc``rls kfrfib kfcmbpbtibc subtu auiuk sfcmlrl mbc tlmbi glsb mlbmldl hdfa

auiuk slpld glbsb. bdbk gbabsb Lcmhcfslb dfgla mfibt ifpbmb )bdlk ) mbdbk gfctuituc``bdcyb , btbu ibuk )udbkb ) gfctui obkbicyb mbc mfc`bc mfklilbc sfgfcbrcyb df

ndfrn % ndfrus , nfcmlilbwbc bmbdba pbrb ilbl mbdbk brtl ibuk tfrpfdbobr mbdbk glmbc`

b`bkb .

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'bmb mbsbrcyb Gfcmb kfc`bcut subtu ofcls pbcmbc`bc btbu tltli"tldli alcbrluk mbdbk

kfdlabt kbsybrbibt iausus lcl. lb kfkgb`lcyb if mbdbk mub gb`lbc ybc` abkplr"

abkplr ghdfa mlibtbibc tlmbi sfctua"kfcyfctua sbtu sbdb dblc , dbisbcb blr mfc`bcklcybi . 'frtbkb bmbdba kbsybrbibt ybc` mlsfgutcyb sfgb`bl dbl&uf , taf dby kbc, ibuk

bwbk , ybltu kfrfib ybc` sfdurua urusbc almupcyb tfrlibt mbdbk juc`sl ) kfc`fobr

ifpfctlc`bc kbtfrlbd mbc ybc` mbrl if abrl kfcobml sfpfcuacyb mbc sfnbrb slstlkbtlirfbdls @ mbdbk ifcybtbbccyb abcyb kfc`frobibc bpb ybc` mltuctut mbrlcyb . (frfib

mlpbcmbc` hdfa Gfcmb mfc`bc pfcua ifrfkfabc mbc abkplr"abkplr mfc`bc pfc`alcbbc

mfc`bc kfc`utlp ibtb"ibtb sfhrbc` puobc``b $ ybc` tlmbi mlsfgut cbkbcyb $ ybc`gfribtb tfctbc` kfrfib sfgb`bl olwb ybc` tfrtucmui"tucmui if tbcba mbc abkpb mbrl mbrl

sfkub ybc` gfrsljbt duaur . Ifdhkphi lcl tfrmlrl mbrl subtu `frhkghdbc ibuk ghrouls btbu

prhdftbr , rbob"rbob, kfctfrl , pfklkplc phdltli . Ofcls kbsybrbibt ifmub , ybc` gfrmlrl

gfrabmbp"abmbpbc mfc`bc kfrfib bmbdba sfofcls kbiadui kbcuslb dblc ybc` sbkb sfibdldblc mbc gfrgfmb sfnbrb abkplr"abkplr mlbkftrbd ybc` mlsfgutcyb sfgb`bl dfs ndfrs,

mfc`bc sfkub ihchtbsl sfpfrtl sumba mlifkuibibc ml btbs ybltu kfrfib ybc` pbmb

blmubd , if`lbtbc nfcmlilbwbc ofcls lcl pbmb phihicyb

gfrsljbt tfhrltls kfsilpuc kfrfib tlmbi kbkpu kfcnf`ba ibuk bwbk ltu kfkfcualsfobrba mfc`bc ifglslc`bc"ifglslc`bc ybc` gfrbsbd mbrl ifgfcnlbc mbc pfkgucuabc"

pfkgucuabc . (frfib gfrabsld kfcnf`ba ibuk bwbk ltu kfkgbc`uc if`lbtbccyb mbc

kfkpfrdbiuibccyb sfgb`bl subtu b`bkb @ kfrfib ou`b kfcnf`ba ibuk bwbk ltu

gfrplilr gbawb kfrfibdba kbcuslb"kbcuslb b`uc` iftlib kfrfib kfcyfdfsblibcif`lbtbc"if`lbtbc ltu . Ghdfa mlibtbibc, gfribt ibuk nfcmlilbwbc ltudba ukkbt kbcuslb

kfdbiuibc ifobabtbc sfdbkb mub rlgu tbauc , cbkuc tftbp kfc`ahrkbtl ifgblibc sfgb`bl

bsbs. / abilmbf , 6EE2 0 26 $ 2B 7

Gfcmb kfc`bc``bp mbdbk guiu ifnldcyb ltu gbawb ibuk lctfdfitubd 'frbcnls tfdba

gfrialbcbt tfrabmbp tbc``uc` obwbg khrbdcyb sfgb`bl ibuk lctfdfitubd . bc tfslscybmbpbt mlrukusibc mfc`bc sbtu ibdlkbt , ybltu gbawb ibuk lctfdfitubd tfdba dfgla

kfkfctlc`ibc cldbl"cldbl prbitls mbrlpbmb cldbl"cldbl ldku pfc`ftbaubccyb. fc`bc dblc

pfribtbbc ibuk lctfdfitubd 'frbcnls mlbc``bp tfdba kfkprhstuslibc ldku

pfc`ftbaubccyb gb`l ifmumuibc mbc ifkfcbc`bc phdltli.

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(hrbdltbs tfdba mlobmlibc uctfr`fhrmcft ifpbmb phdltli mbc guibc sfgbdlicyb . %pbgldb

'dbth mbaudu $ ibtb Gfcmb $ kfc`bcut pfcmbpbt gbawb ) (hrbdltbs ybc` kfcfctuibcphdltli1, mbc ifkumlbc (bnalb>fddl kucnud mfc`bc tfslscyb gbawb ) (hrbdltbs tlmbi bmb

auguc`bccyb mfc`bc phdltli ), kbib ibuk lctfdfitubd 'frbcnls / bctbrbcyb mlwbildl hdfa

(burbs 7 tlkgud mfc`bc tfsls , gbawb phdltlidba ybc` kfcfctuibc khrbdltbs ltu .1

Ibrfcb ltu guiu ifnld Gfcmb mlkbisum sfgb`bl pfrlc`btbc ifpbmb ibuk lctfdfitubd

'frbcnls ml obkbccyb , gbawb tu`bs ibuk lctfdfitubd guibcdba uctui kfc`bgmlibcmlrlcyb ifpbmb ifpfctlc`bc"ifpfctlc`bc phdltli, tftbpl oustru uctui kfkpfrtbabcibc

cldbl"cldbl bgbml ybc` bgstrbi mbc gfrdbiu gb`l tlbp obkbc mbc ifbmbbc , ybltu 0

If"fcbrbc % Ifbmldbc mbc #bslh/ +b Oustlnf . +b Afrltf bt +b ?blshc 7. . !fgfduk lb

kfcfrgltibc fmlsl gbru mbrl guiucyb pbmb tbauc &5N3 , Gfcmb kbsla kfc`bdbkl obkbc'frbc` uclb Ifmub, kbsla kfc`bdbkl gbawb 'frbcnls sfgb`lbc mlmumuil hdfa tfctbrb

Ofrkbc , mbc sfgb`lbc mliubsl hdfa pfkfrlctbabc ihdbghrbthr ml gbwba (brsfibd 'ftblc ,

ybc` gfrifmumuibc ml Alnay . / ]bsrlj , &5ME 0 &&E $ &&2 7

Lb kfdlabt mbc kfc`bdbkl ml obkbc ltu gbawb sfgb`lbc ibuk lctfdfitubd 'frbcnls tfdba

gfrihdbghrbsl mfc`bc ibuk b

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uctui kfcnbrl ifalmupbc mbrl kfcoubd lctfdfitubdltbscyb , mbc pbmb wbitu ybc` sbkb ,

tfr`hmb uctui gfrilprba mbdbk phdltli prbitls . fc`bc mfklilbc guibccyb kfdbybcl

cldbl"cldbl ybc` ucl>frsbd ltu , ybc` ifgfrbmbbccyb hdfa Gfcmb mltfrlkb sfgb`blkbcbbmbcyb , pbrb nfcmlilbwbc sfibrbc` kbdba mlpbisb kfdbybcl ifpfctlc`bc dblc, gbaibc

gfrusbab kfc`ubsblcyb ./ yfrkbc , &558 ) &6E "&6& 7

bdbk subtu ihdfisl fbsbl gfroumud Lmfhdh`y bcm )thplb /&528 7 . Ibrd (bccaflk

kfc`fkgbc`ibc `b`bsbc kfc`fcbl )lctfd`fcslb ybc` kfc`bk"bc` "f"bs) , ybicl subtu

dbplsbc shslbd ybc` rfdbtlj gfgbs mbrl ifpfctlc`bc"ifpfctlc`bc ifdbs fihchkl , sfrtbkbkpu gfrtlcmbi sfgb`bl subtu ifiubtbc phdltli ybc` irfbtlj mbdbk kbsybrbibt khmfrc

(bccaflk gfrglnbrb kfc`fcbl pbrb nfcmlilbwbc sfgb`bl subtu dbplsbc shslbd ybc`

tfrofplt ml bctbrb mub ifdbs , ybicl ifdbs gurua mbc ifdbs pfkldli khmbd . lnlrlibc hdfa

pfcmlmlibc mbc hrlfctbsl gumbyb ybc` sbkb pbrb nfcmlilbwbc mlpfrsbtuibc hdfa subtutu`bs shslbd tfrtfctu ybicl kfkgfrl ifpbmb kbsybrbibt lctfprfstbsl kfc`fcbl mlrlcyb . l

slcl trbmlsl lctfd`fcslb mltfkuibc ifkgbdl ml mbdbk ifbmbbc"ifbmbbc gbru pfr`hdbibc

ybc` tfrobml pbmb bialr tbauc &56E"bc mbc bwbd tbaucc &52E"bc . 'frlhmf lcl mltbcmbl

hdfa iftlmbistbgldbc fihchkls, ybc` kfkphdbrlsbslibc ihcjdli shslbd mbc ructuacybtbtbcbc phdltls . l mbdbk ihcmlsl"ihcmlsl sfpfrtl lcl , kfcurut (bccaflk . pfrbc

lctfd`fcslb tlmbi abrus kfkgbwb kbsybrbibt ifbrba khmfrclsbsl , tftbpl kfkgfrlibcsubtu f>bdubsl hgyfitlj kfc`fcbl ihkphslsl mbc ifkuc`ilcbc"ifkuc`ilcbc ybc` bmb ml

mbdbk kbsybrbibt ltu sfcmlrl . 'fkbabkbc sfctrbd ybc` kfkgbwb ifbrba pfkbabkbc

ihdfitlj kfc`fcbl lctfd`fcslb gbru lcl guibcdba if pbrtlsbc sfpfrl `fcfrbsl sfgfdukcyb ,kfdblcibc iftlmbigfrplabibc . (fcurut (bccaflk , lctfd`fcslb gbru abrus gfrobrbi ,

cbkuc guibc tfrbslc` mbrl ifdbs"ifdbs shslbd ybc` sbdlc` gfrtfctbc`bc . ]u`bs lctfd`fcslb

bmbdba kfkgfrlibc pfc`ftbaubc guibc lmfhdh`l .

!fgb`bl dbplsbc shslbd ybc` kfcbrli pfcmuiuc`cyb mbrl sfkub ifdbs shslbd, pfkbabkbc

(bccaflk bmbdba gbawb ibuk lctfd`fcslb sfnbrb rfdbtlj tlmbi kfkldlil ifdbs mbc

gfrsljbt kfc`bkgbc` gfgbs. bdbk rukusbc lcl, sljbt kfc`bkgbc` gfgbs lctfd`fcslbpbmb aukbclskf ybc` gfrhrlfctbsl kfkgfrlibc lcml>lmu"lcml>lmu subtu ifkbkpubc

rfjdfislj pbmb sbtu plabi , mbc nbkpurbc shslbd lcml>lmu"lcml>lmu ybc` kfc`fnbp

pfcmlmlibc lcl ml plabi dblc . fc`bc ibtb dblc , ibrfcb ibuk lctfd`fcslb gbru tfrmlrl btbslcml>lmu"lcml>lmu mfc`bc dbtbr gfdbibc` shslbd ybc` gfrgfmb"gfmb , mbc kbslc`"kbslc`

mlpfrdfc`ibpl mfc`bc ibpbsltbs ybc` gfrgfmb pudb / ybc` kfrfib pfrhdfa kfdbdul

pfcmlmlibc 7 `ucb kfdlabt kbsbdba tlmbi mbrl sbtu sumut sbob, kbib lctfd`fcslb sfgb`bl

subtu dbplsbc bmbdba rfdbtlj gfgbs mbrl ifpfctlc`bc"ifpfctlc`bc ifdbs.

'fcmbpbt (bccaflk sbc`bt ofdbs gbawb lctfd`fcslb guibcdba subtu ifdbs shslbd tfrsfcmlrl,

subtu br`ukfc ybc` lb mbsbribc pbmb mub phihi plilrbc . =bc` pfrtbkb mlmbsbribc pbmbihkphslsl ybc` gfrb`bk mbrl dbplsbc lcl, gbli mldlabt mbrl dbtbr gfdbibc` shslbd gfrsfrtb

sfkub ucsur"ucsur gbwbbccyb kbupuc ofcls pfifrobbc sfrtb tu`bs"tu`bs shslbd ybc`

kfrfib fkgbc . ]fkb lcl tfdba gfrudbc`"udbc` mlobmlibc gbabc irltli kfc`fcbl01tfhrlifdbs gbru ). %ibc tftbpl, br`ukfctbsl (bccaflk ybc` ifmub bmbdba sfsubtu ybc` sbc`bt

gfrgfmb ybicl kfc`fcbl prbmu`b"prbmu`b lmfhdh`ls ybc` bmb ml gfdbibc` ihcsfp ifdbs

ltu sfcmlrl . (bcabflk gfrpfcmbpbt gbawb lmf utbkb tfhrl ifdbs ltu mlchmbl hdfa prbmu`b"

prbmu`b ) shslhdh`l prhdftbr ) (brFls, ybc` gfrhpfrbsl mbdbk subtu ifrbc`ib sfkplt

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/ ybc` mlmbdbkcyb 7 kucnud jfchkfcb )ifdbs1 mbc ) chc"ifdbs ) . Gfrmbsbribc ihcsfp

shslhdh`l pfc`ftbaubccyb sfcmlrl , ybc` sfgb`lbc mlmfsblc uctui kfcucouiibc mbsbr"

mbsbr shslbd mbc phdltli mbrl tfhrl"tfhrl shslbd , (bccaflk kfcybtbibc gbawbkfcfkpbtibc ibuk lctdf`fcslb sfgb`bl subtu ifdbs gfrbrtl $ kfc`bkgld tltli gfrbc`ibt

pbmb ) pfcmlrlbc ibuk prhdftbr 0 , mbc ltu sfsubtu ybc` (bccaflk tlmbi glsb dbiuibc

%ibc tftbpl pfrdu mltf`bsibc ml slcl , gbawb (bccaflk kfkhmljlibsl pfcmbpbtcyb

mfc`bc kfc`btbibc gbawb ifdhkphi nfcmlilbwbc ybc` dfgla ifnld , jrb`kfc"jrb`kfc

dbplsbc ifdbs, mbpbt sbob kfcfkuibc bdbsbc"bdbsbc gfrsbkb gbaibc gbaibc gfrbislsfgb`bl ifdhkphi ybc` ihafslj , ybicl sfgb`bl lctfd`fcslb ybc` kfc`bkgbc` gfgbs .

cbkuc tlmbi kfkpfc`brul stbtus shslbd pbrb nfcmlilbwbc sfnbrb ifsfduruabc . !fgb`bl

subtu thtbdltbs , pbrb nfcmlilbwbc bmbdba subtu dbplsbc shslbd , tfrpfrbc`ibp ml bctbrb

ifdbs"ifdbs gfsbr 0 ifdbs gurua mbc pfkldli khmbd , tlmbi kbkpu kfkgfctui subtuifsbmbrbc gfrsbkb mbc mbsbr uctui tlcmbibc ihdfitlj , tftbpl oustru ibrfcb ltu ,

lctfd`fcslb ybc` kfc`bkgbc` gfgbs mbpbt kfkblcibc subtu pfrbc shslbd phsltlj mfc`bc

obdbc kfkgfrlibc ifpbmb kbsybrbibt `bkgbrbc mlrl mbc ifbmbbc kbsybrbibt ltu sfgb`bl

thtbdltbs . Ibrfcb ltu gb`l (bccaflk , pbrb nfcmlilbwbc guibc subtu ifdbs shslbdtfrsfcmlrl , kfdblcibc lctfd`fcslb ybc` kbsla kfkpucybl klsl alsthrls ybc` abrus

mldbisbcbibc kfkgfrl nfrklc ifpbmb kbsybrbibt b`br kbsybrbibt mbpbt kfrfjdfislibcmlrl sfalc``b mbpbt kfkldla obdbc mbc nbrb ybc` tfpbt gb`l tlcmbibc"tlcmbibccyb .

Ltudba pfrbc iausus dbplsbc nfcmlilbwbc dbcmbsbc ybc` mbrtlcyb sfhrbc` lctfd fcslbmbpbt kfkgfctui slibp cftrbd , mbc pfc`ftbaubc ybc` rfdbtlj hgyfitlj ml kbcb

ifputusbc"ifputusbc phdltli ybc` gfribltbc mfc`bc tlcmbibc"tlcmbibc kbsb mfpbc

kfcmbspbtibc mbsbrcyb . Obml kfc`fcbl pfrbc ybc` sfabruscyb mlkblcibc sfhrbc`

nfcmlilbwbc , (bccaflk gfr`frbi ml bctbrb (brF mbc 9fgfr mbc ml bctbrb trbmlsl (brFlsmbc trbmlsl dlgfrbd . fc`bc trbmlsl dlgfrbd , (bccaflk kfkbcmbc` nfcmlilbwbc sfgb`bl

pbibr ybc` kfcyfmlbibc pfc`ftbaubc ybc` tlmbi kfklabi sfnbrb rfdbtlj ybc` mfc`bc

pfc`ftbaubc ltu tlcmbibc ihdfitlj mlmbsbribc . fc`bc trbmlsl (brFls, (bccaflkkfkbcmbc` lctfd`fcslb kfkgfctui subtu ifdhkphi ybc` ihafslj mfc`bc klsl alsthrls

ybc` ofdbs ybicl kfkgfrlibc ifpbmb kbsybrbibt `bkgbrbc kfc`fcbl ifbmbbccyb

sfgb`bl subtu thtbdltbs, mbc lcl gb`l sfhrbc` pbibr tfrsfcmbt$sfcmbt mbdbk spfslbdlsbslcyb,sudlt uctui kfcnbpblcyb

bdbk fsbl"fsbl ybc` dfgla dubs , (bccaflk kfdbcoutibc rfjdfislcyb kfc`fcbl

nfcmlilwbc sfgb`bl ybc` tfrofplt ml cf`brb mbc pbsbr . (bccaflk kfcfdusurl sfobrba pbrbnfcmlilbwbc ybc` mldlabtcyb sfgb`bl pfdbybc . 'frtbkb pfdbybc `frfob, ifkumlbc pfdbybc

cf`frb . fc`bc pfrugbabc mbdbk nbrb kfcnbrl cbjiba btbs mbsbr ifgutuabc pbsbr , gb`l

(bccaflk kfrupbibc dbc`iba pfrtbkb mbdbk dlgfrbdlsbsl pbrb nfcmlilbwbc , lbdbadbc`iba pfrtbkb mbdbk dlgfrbdlsbsl pbrb nfcmlilbwbc lbdba dbc`iba ifbrba ifsbmbrbc mlrl

%mbcyb pbsbr gfrmbkpbi phsltlj mbdbk kfrbc`sbc` bithr shslbd , gbli lcml>lmu kbupuc

ihdfitlj , uctui gfrifsbmbrbc prbitls mbc chc"lmfhdh`ls . bdbk pbcmbc`bc (bccaflk ,ifiubtbc pbsbr ltu kfkbisb sfhrbc` bithr uctui kfdfpbsibc gbli nbrb pfcmfibtbc ybc`

cbj nlrl"nlrl trbmlsl pbrb pftbcl %gbm 'frtfc`babc kbupuc pfcmfibtbc lmfhdh`ls pbrb

idfrus , lcl sbc`bt gfrdbwbcbc mfc`bc pfcmbpbtbc Gfcmb. fc`bc ibtb dblc, mbdbk

kfc`abmbpl ifgutuabc pbsbr sfhrbc` abrus gfrplilr uctui mlrlcyb mbc tlmbi kfcfrlkb

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gf`ltu sbob bskuksl"bsuksl kfc`fcbl muclb ybc` tfdba tfrsfmlb mbc mltfrlkb ukuk

%ibc tftbpl, lcl abcybdba kfrupbibc prbsybrbt pfrtbkb gb`l subtu kbsybrbibt , btbu

mbdbk tfrklchdh`l (bccaflk ifsbmbrbc shslhdh`ls . =bc` ifmub tfrnbpbl ibrfcb tfrmlmlimbdbk subtu subsbcb ifdhkphi ybc` cftrbd.

!bkb sfpfrtl mbdbk bcbdlsls alsthrls -rbksnl kfc`fcbl nfcmlilbwbc Ltbdlb, tfrdlabt db`lgbawb ibrfcb tfrlshdbsl mbrl rfbdltbs mbc tfrtutup sbtu sbkb dblc , pfc`fkgbc`bc

ifsbmbrbc mlrl ihdfitlj ml ibdbc`bc nfcmlilbwbc dbdu tfrabdbc` . Gbru mfc`bc gbc`iltcyb

pfcmlmlibc khmfrc, ybc` kfcfkpbtibc pbrb kbabslswb sfobobr sbtu sbkb dblc , guibcbtbs mbsbr auguc`bc alrbrils ifpbmb sbc` `uru tuc``bd , pbrb nfcmlilbwbc mbpbt

kfc`fkgbc`ibc ifsbmbrbc ihdfitlj . fc`bc tbobk (bccaflk kfcylcmlr gbawb pbrb

nfcmlilbwbc bmbdba ifdhkphi shslbd tfrbialr ybc` kfcnbpbl ofcobc` ifsbmbrbc ybc`

dfgla tlc``l , obua sbc`bt tfrdbkgbt mlgbcmlc` ibuk prhdftbr mbc pftbcl .

(bccaflk kfkbcmbc` pfcmlmlibc mbrl sumut prbitficyb gbawb sfsfhrbc` gfdbobr

kfc`fcbl muclb rfdbslcyb mfc`bc muclb ltu sfcmlrl , mbc kfc`fcbd mlrlcyb kfdbdul rfdbsl

mfc`bc sfsbkbcyb mbc ml slcl nfcmlilbwbc mlabkgbt . (bccaflk tlmbi kfcmhrhc`lctfd`fcslb uctui gfr`bguc` mfc`bc ibuk prhdftbr `ucb kfkpfdbobrl muclb, btbu mlrlcyb ,

mfc`bc ibtb dblc , tlmbi kfc`bkgld )slibp prhdftbr 0 uctui ifpfctlc`bccyb sfcmlrl .

brl tfkpbtcyb ybc` fcbi, kfcbrb `bmlc` ybc` mlsfc`bob mbc subtu ibrlfr ucl>frsltbs ,

mbc mbrl bpb ybc` ifdlabtbccyb sfpfrtl subtu `fcfrbsl gbru , (bccaflk kfc`bcouribcb`br pbrb nfcmlilbwbc btbu lctfdf`fcslb kfkgbc`uc pfcmlrlbc kfrfib sfcmlrl, subtu

phslsl ybc` gfgbs kfc`bkgbc` , cftrbd cbkuc tlmbi tfrbslc` . Ilcl mfc`bc gfrsfcobtbibc

ifsbmbrbc mlrl , pbrb nfcmlilbwbc gfgbs kfcfctuibc cbslgcyb sfcmlrl mbc kfkgfrlibc

ifpbmb kbsybrbibtcyb `bkgbrbc ybc` hgyfitlj kfc`fcbl ifbmbbccyb

bdbk pfcmfibtbc shslh"alsthrlscyb, (bccaflk kfrlc`ibsibc pfc`bdbkbc subtu

`fcfrbsl nfcmlilbwbc gbru mbc pbmb sbbt ybc` sbkb kfcucouiibc pfc`bdbkbc `fcfrbslgfrliutcyb ybicl pbrb ldkuwbc mbc pbrb pbibr prhjfsslhcbd . Gb`l (bccaflk , tlmbi bmb

obdbc ifkgbdl . bdbk pbcmbc`bccyb , kfibrcyb ifsbmbrbc mlrl kfrupbibc prbsybrbt

gb`l pfcf`bsbc mlrl. Gfgbs mbrl lmfhdh`l, gbli sfgb`bl prhmusfc btbu sfgb`bl pfc`liut,mbc mfc`bc kfcfrlkb trbmlsl sfgb`blkbcb bmbcyb lctfd`fcslb khmfrc mbpbt kfcobml

sfguba dbplsbc shslbd ybc` lcmfpfcmfc , tftbpl guibc sbtu ifdbs . Gfrbmb ml pbsbr cbkuc

tbcpb tfr`bctuc` pbmb pbsbr , pfdbybc cf`brb tbcpb abrus kfcobml abkgb cf`brb . !fpfrtl

ibuk prhdftbr ybc` sbmbr bibc ifdbscyb , kbib lctfd fcslb rhpb khmfrc bibc mbpbtkfc`hctrhd ihcmlsl"ihcmlsl ybc` mlfispdhltbslcyb, kfcoubd absld , pfc`ftbaubccyb ,

bpbgldb tlmbi sfduruacyb sfsubl mfc`bc ihcmlsl"ihcmlsl ybc` mlpldlacyb sfcmlrl,

sftlmbicyb dfgla gbli mbrl sfgfdukcyb / yfrkbc , &558 0 &6& $ &6M 7 .

Nfcmlilbwbc% *phslsl mbc friubsb

%sbd"usud ifnfcmfruc`bc kfcfctbc` dfkgb`b ifiubsbbc lcl sfplctbs dbdu cbkpbi kumba

uctui mltfctuibc tfkpbtcyb . 'rbitls sfkub phdltli mbdbk kbsb pfcobobabc ihdhclbd ,

gf`ltu jbsf ihcsltuslhcbd sumba dfwbt , tfrmlrl mbrl hphslsl bibr mbc nbgbc` . %pbiba lb

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gfrgfctui ihcsplrbsl, sbghtbsf ,ifrusuabc , pfkgucuabc `fdbp ,ourcbdlstli `fdbp kbupuc

tfrguib , rbpbt ukuk , ifpbcmubc , mfkhctrbsl mbc pbwbl, pfkgbc`ibc`bc slpld btbu

pbrtlslpbsl ybc` tlmbi gfrsljbt ihhpfrbtlj mbdbk dfkgb`b"dfkgb`b pfrwbildbc , hphslslmbc pfrlctbc`bc tfrabmbp pfc`ubsb bslc` bmbdba tuoubccyb ybc` utbkb . l kbcb tlmbi

tfrmbpbt ifkuc`ilcbc uctui liut kfkldiud tbc``uc` obwbg ifiubsbbc , ml sltudba

hphslsl kfrupbibc sbtu"sbtucyb bdtfrcbtlj .

Ifbmbbc tfrslc`ilr mbrl dfkgb`b ifiubsbbc ltu kfkpucybl tlc`ibtbc ybc` gfrdblcbc"

dblcbc , tftbpl lb abkplr sfdbdu dfgla kfcmbdbk mbc dfgla mrbtls mbrlpbmb hphslsl ybc` bmbml mbdbk kbsybrbibt"kbsybrbibt kbou ybc` pdurbdlstls *phslsl ibuk phdltlsl ybc`

mlslc`ilribc btbu mltbrli kucmur mbrl tbtb ifdfkgb`bbc ltudba ybc` tlmbi kfcfrlkb

iftfctubc"iftfctubc kbupuc tuoubc"tuoubc mbrlpbmb slstfk ybc` gfriubsb. *dfa ibrfcb

ltu kbib hphslsl ltu bmbdba hphslsl ibuk phdltlsl ybc` pbmb prlcslpcyb tlmbi kbukfc`bc``bp kbsbdba"kbsbdba pfkfrlctba sfgb`bl tu`bs cybtb ybc` kfkfrduibc

ifgudbtbc tfibm. Lb bmbdba hphslsl ybc` mlybilcibc hdfa sltubsl , pfrlc`bl mbc prlcslp

gbawb lb tlmbi bibc kuc`ilc liut gfriubsb gfrsbkb ibuk pfc`ubsb bslc` . !btu"sbtucyb

ifiubsbbc ybc` mlnltb"nltbibccyb bmbdba ihctrhd ybc` pfcua mbc fisiduslj btbs sfduruakfslc ifcf`brbbc . !fgfduk tuoubc ltu tfrnbpbl , kbib phdltlicyb bmbdba gfrupb hphslsl .

!libp hphslsl ibuk nfcmlilbwbc ybc` kfkpucybl bsbd"usud , obua gfrbmb mbdbk

pfc`bdbkbc phdltli mbrl sltubsl ihdhclbd . l ifgbcybibc cf`frl tfrgfdbibc` , sljbt

trbmlslhcbd mbrlpbmb ifgumbybbc ltu kfkpfrtbabcibc pfdbisbcbbc ifiubsbbc ybc`tfrpfcnbr if sf`bdb brba . Ifiubsbbc tfrpfcnbr lcl, ybc` wfwfcbc`cyb tlmbi tfrgbtbs

mbdbk tu`bs"tu`bs kfc`abmbpl kbsybrbibt , ybc` sftlmbi"tlmbicyb sfsubl mfc`bc

ifpfrnbybbc"ifpfrnbybbc ybc` df`fcmbrls ltu , kfkpfrhdfa pfc`fsbabccyb sfgb`lbc mbc

ifbkpuabccyb ybc` dubs mbc dfc`ibp . 9bdbupuc tlcmbibc"tlcmbibc ybc` cybtbmldbisbcbibc hdfa pfc`ubsb trbmlslhcbd ybc` wfwfcbc`cyb tbi tfrgbtbs ltu tlmbi db`l

mlahrkbtl hdfa ibuk nfcmlilbwbc , cbkuc phdb pfc`abrbpbc ybc` dbkb tftbp bmb

Ifiubsbbc ybc` spfsljli , mlgbtbsl, ybc` tlmbi tfrmbpbt pbmb hrbc` sfhrbc` , ybc`ihcsltuslhcbd , ifdlabtbc sfgb`bl ifiubsbbc ybc` dfkba , ifiubsbbc ybc` tbi ifcbd rbsb

nlctb , ybc` tlmbi kfkldlil auguc`bc gbtlc mfc`bc ybc` mlpfrlctba . =bc` mllc`lcibc

bmbdba ifiubsbbc ybc` tfrgbtbs mbrl sfhrbc` pfc`ubsb ybc` ibrlskbtli , mbc ifiubsbbcglrhirbtls cf`brb bslc` btbu pfcfrus prlguklcyb ybc` gfrmbudbt tlmbi gbcybi

kfclkgudibc if`blrbabc , mbc ou`b tlmbi gbcybi kfkpfrhdfa pfc`biubc gb`l

ifsbabccyb ybc` dfgla dbcout . Ibuk lctfdfitubd ml cf`frl"cf`frl tfrgfdbibc` , wbdbupuc

tfc``fdbk mbdbk ifgumbybbc khmfrc mbc kfcfrlkb prlcslp"prlcslp phdltli khmfrcsfnbrb tfrbc`""tfrbc`bc , pbmb mbsbrcyb kfcfctbc` pfkfrlctba ybc` rfdbtlj dfkba mbc

kfkgbtbsl mlrl , wbdbupuc sfbcmblcyb pfkfrlctba ltu bmbdba pfkfrlctba kfrfib sfcmlrl ,

ybc` tfrlibt ifpbmb kfrfib hdfa libtbc"libtbc pfrsbkbbc ftcls , hdfa ifgumbybbc ybc`sbkb , mbc hdfa auguc`bc sfgb`bl ibwbc sfpfroubc`bc mbdbk pfroubc`bc kfrfgut

ifiubsbbc .

Lcldba sbdba sbtu bdbsbc ybc` kfcmbsbrl tlcmbibc ybc` kfdubs uctui kfkgfgbsibc mlrl

mbrl ldusl , ybc` kfc`ubsbl gf`ltu gbcybi ibuk nfcmlilbwbc ml cf`frl"cf`frl tfrgfdbibc`

sfsumba ifkfrmfibbc tfrnbpbl . #brus mllc`bt gbawb , bpb puc ybc` tfdba tfrobml sfobi

ltu, prbitls sftlbp cf`brb gbru ml muclb sfsumba pfrbc` , gfrbwbd sfgb`bl subtu rf

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ihcsltuslhcbd ybc` tfrdfkgb`b pfrwbildbc mbc kfkpucybl ifgfgbsbc ukuk . !fkub

cf`brb sfkbnbk ltu tfrpbisb kfc``ucbibc kfthmf"kfthmf pfkfrlctba gfrglrhirbsl ,

wbdbupuc kfrfib ifiurbc`bc pfrshcld ybc` mlgutuaibc . (frfib gfrusbab kfcobdbcibcifiubsbbc auiuk . (frbib sfkub kfkudblcyb sfgb`bl kfslc ybc` tlmbi gfrsljbt

pfrsfhrbc`bc , kfcobdbcibc ifiubsbbc tbcpb ibrlskb btbu trbmlsl ybc` tbcpb gbtbs .

Ifsflkgbc`bc kfrfib gfr`bctuc` pbmb sfhrbc` thiha ibrlskbtls gfsbr , ybc` pbmbpucnbi `ucuc` pfkfrlctbabccyb kfc`lkgbc`l ifgfcnlbc tfrabmbp ifiubsbbc auiuk

glrhirbtls .fc`bc mfklilbc kbib mltf`biibccyb trbmlsl hphslsl mbdbk ifalmupbc phdltli

ltu tfdba kfcobml sfsubl mfc`bc sljbt mbsbr ybc` gfrpbc`ibd pbmb trbmlsl ifgumbybbcguklptfrb , sfpfrtl ybc` tfdba sfrlc`ibdl tfrobml ml abkplr glmbc` ifalmupbc ml cf`frl"

cf`frl tfrgfdbibc` .

(uc`ilc bibc kfrupbibc ifsbdbabc olib hrbc` kfc`bc``bpcyb sfgb`bl sfsubtu ybc`gfrdbiu ucl>frsbd gldb subtu `fcfrbdlsbsl mltbrli mbrl irltli (bF 9fgfr tfrabmbp Glskbrni

mbc pfc`brua kfdukpuaibc ybc` ml`ucbibc hdfa hthirbslcyb ml ?flsnastb` tfrabmbp

pbrtbl"pbrtbl hphslsl . 'bcmbc`bc (bF 9fgfr lbdba gbawb hphslsl ybc` tlmbi

gfrtbc``uc` obwbg ,ybc` mlgbc`iltibc hdfa rf

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'hdltli ibuk nfcmlilbwbc tfdba kfcmumuiibc mlrlcyb if mbdbk ifiubsbbc ml cf`brb

ybc` gfrmbudbt , ybc` mliubsbl hdfa ibuk fdltf prlgukl . l slcl ibuk nfcmlilbwbc ybc`

kbkbcfc absld pfroubc`bc kfcobml tfrslsla mbrl ifdbs nfcmlilbwbc . Ifrftbibc lcltlkgud mbdbk ihrps phdltlius nfcmlilbwbc . !fgb`lbc kfcobml gfriubsb mbc kfdbabpcyb

sfcmlrl sfpfrtl libc mfc`bc blr . 'fdbisbcbbc ifiubsbbc $ ybc` tlmbi lmfctli mfc`bc

kfdbisbcbibc ifiubsbbc sfnbrb fjlslsfc $ ifdlabtbccyb sfpfrtl sfmfklilbc glbsbcybdbisbcb kfcbrli cbjbs sbob gb`l ibuk nfcmlilbwbc ybc` kfkf`bc` ifiubsbbc . !bkpbl

gbtbs"gbtbs ybc` kfclc`ibt , kfrfib kfkbcmbc` mlrlcyb sfcmlrl sfhdba"hdba gfrgfmb

mfc`bc ibuk nfcmlilbwbc ybc` tlmbi turut gfriubsb mbc ybc` kfrfib nbnl sfgb`blpfc`frfi , pfc`frltli sffcbicyb , pfkguctut mbrl ifpfctlc`bc cbslhcbd . Ibuk

nfcmlilbwbc ybc` gfriubsb kfrbsb mlrlcyb iurbc` dfstbrl auguc`bccyb mfc`bc ifdbs

nfcmlilbwbc sfpfrtl ybc` kfrfib dbiuibc sfdbkb pfroubc`bc uctui ifkfrmfibbc .Ibrfcb

tbc``uc`obwbg mbc tbctbc`bc ybc` mlabmbpl mbdbk pfifrobbc kfcylguiibc kfrfib, mbcibrfcb abglscyb wbitu sfmfklilbc gbcybicyb gfrsbkb plkplcbc pbrtbl mbc bpbrbt cf`brb

ybc` tbi pfrcba kfcobml nfcmlilbwbc btbu puc tfdba dbkb kfclc``bdibc

ifnfcmlilbwbccyb , kbib gbybc`bc tfctbc` mlrlcyb sfgb`bl nfcmlilbwbc ybc` kfkumbr ,

mbc kfrfib kfcobml sfkbilc pfrbsb tfrabmbp plilribc ybc` bctl"phdltli mbrl tfkbc"tfkbcdbkbcyb .

hrhc`bc tfrabmbp pfrpfnbabc lcl mlpfrgurui db`l hdfa ifcybtbbc gbawb hphslsl kfcobml

kb`clt ybc` kfcbrli ibuk nfcmlilbwbc . Ou`b ml ibdbc`bc ibuk fdltf phdltli pbmb

punuicyb pfkfrlctbabc , ml sbcb puc gbcybi ybc` muducyb ibuk nfcmlilbwbcgfrmbsbribc pfcmlmlibccyb., obgbtbccyb btbu puc wbtbicyb , mbc sfibrbc` kfcobml

phdltlsl ybc` ibwbibc , tbi db`l kfkpfrabtlibc abd"abd ybc` kfkpucybl ifpfctlc`bc

lctfdfitubd . (frfib ybc` tftbp kfcobml nfcmlilbwbc mbdbk obgbtbc mbc wbtbicyb,

ifdlabtbccyb kfcfkuibc tfkpbtcyb ybc` wbobr ml iursl ybc` gfrtfctbc`bc . l sbcb ,mbc ml rukba"rukba ukuk mbc ibjf $ gfriukpudcyb ibuk nfcmlilbwbc ybc` mbdbk

slibp , pfcyfdlmlibc mbc pfc`biubccyb sfcmlrl tftbp kfcobml nfcmlilbwbc .

'frugbabc mbrl ibuk nfcmlilbwbc iftlib gfriubsb kfkguib tbglr kfctbdltbs hphslsl

ybc` mubdlstls . Ifgfcnlbc tfrabmbp ifiubsbbc sfrlc` tlmbi dfgla mbrlpbmb pfshcb ybc`

mltlkgudibccyb . 4fcmlilbwbc ybc` tbmlcyb kfkgfcnl , gldb gfriubsb , sf`frb gfrmbkblmfc`bc ifiubsbbc . (frfib kfcfkpfdibc pbmb mlrlcyb tbcmb"tbcmb ifgfsbrbc mbrl

ifiubsbbc mbc kfrbsb gbawb kfrfib lmfctli mfc`bc cf`brb . !fmbc`ibc pbmb wbitu

pfroubc`bc uctui ifkfrmfibbc kfrfib kfrbsb gbawb kfrfib kfwbildl gbc`sb / slbpb"

slbpb ybc` tlmbi sftuou mfc`bc kfrfib gfrmb ml dubr dlc`iuc`bc kbsybrbibt gbc`sb mbckfkglbribc olwbcyb mliubsbl hrbc` bslc` 7 tftbpl sfibrbc` iftlib kfrfib gfriubsb,

kfrfib kfc`bc``bp mlrlcyb lmfctli mfc`bc cf`brb mbc sfkub ybc` tlmbi sftuou mfc`bc

kfrfib mlbc``bp sfgb`bl kusua cf`brb .

'bmb slsl dblc mbrl kfctbdltbs hphslsl ybc` tftbp pbmb gfctuicyb ybc` dbkb. 'fc`fdhdbdbc

ybc` glrhirbtls mlirltli sfgb`bl tfrdbdu tfrpfcnld mbc tfrdbdu bslc` . 'fkfrlctba mltumuakfdbiuibc ihrupsl , kfrfib mlcybtbibc ) tfrdbkpbu obua ) mbrl rbiybt mbc kfcobml

pfc`albcbt mbrl nltb"nltb cbslhcbd . (frfib ou`b mltumua sfgb`bl ybc` kfrusbi rfputbsl

cf`brb ml jhruk muclb , btbu kfkgbdliibc mfc`bc kfcobml gfctui gbru mbrl ifiubsbbc

bslc` .

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]ftbpl kfctbdltbs hphslsl mbrl tlc`ibtbc lcl kfkpucybl sbtu sf`l iflstlkfwbbc ybc` tlmbi

mlpucybl hdfa tlc`ibtbc sfgfdukcyb $ lbdba ififnfwbbc . Ibdbu ibuk hphslsl mbrl`fcfrbsl ifmub kfkgbybc`ibc ihcmlsl if gb`lbc ybc` tbi 0 gfrgfctui pbmb wbitu

pfkfcbc` kfrfib mlslc`ilribc , kbib kfctbdltbs mbrl pfrlhmf sftfdba pfrbc` tlmbi

kfkpucybl gbybc`bc pfrbsbbc sfcbc` mbc gbab`lb ltu uctui kfrfmbibc ifsfmlabckfrfib ybc` sfibrbc` lcl .

*phslslhcbdlskf ybc` gf`ltu tfrdlgbt mbdbk pfrphdltlibc ybc` kfcmbdbk pucybifnfcmfruc`bc / ml bctbrbcyb kfrfib ybc` ifaldbc`bc ifiubsbbc 7 uctui kfcnlutibc

mlrlcyb sfcmlrl kfcobml ifpbsljbc ybc` bctl"phdltli . Lcl tlmbi gfrbrtl gbawb phdltli tlmbi

db`l kfc``u`ba pfrabtlbccyb . ]ftbpl ml ibdbc`bc gbcybi lctfdfitubd kfcobml sukgfr

mbrl ifrfkuibc abtl .

%ctbrb dblc bmb sbtu `hdhc`bc ybc` nuiup gfsbr , kfrfib kfrupbibc sbtu gfctui ybc`

dfgla ifrbs mbrl fistrlklskf bitlj bdbk gfgfrbpb bdtfrcbtlj , fistrlklskf kfcobml pbslj

kfcybkbr kfcobml trbmlslhcbdls , mbc mbdbk abd dblc kfrfib kfcfrlkb wboba +fclclsIfmub gfctuicyb lcl, btbu btbs cbkb nltb"nltb ybc` dfgla tlc``l , kfdbcnbribc pfchdbibc

thtbd pbmb pfkfrlctba ybc` ibnbu"gbdbu , ihkprhklstls.

l sfgb`lbc gfsbr cf`brb"cf`brb gbru lcl , ibuk nfcmlilbwbc kbsla tftbp kfrupbibc

gb`lbc pfctlc` mbrl fdltf phdltli ybc` kfkfrlctba , suc``uapuc ifmumuibc kfrfib tlmbidb`l kfcobml gfsbr sfpfrtl wbitu phdltli kfrupbibc `frbibc ybc` ibrlskbtls . Ibdbu

cf`brb gbru ltu tfdba tfrihcshdlmbsl . phdltli kfrupbibc sbtu prhjfsl mbc lb gfrafctl

kfcobml sbtu klsl btbu puc sbtu pbc``ldbc . Ibuk phdltlsl prhjfsslhcbd ybc` kucnud ,

ybc` gfrbsbd mbrl `hdhc`bc kldltfr btbu puc slpld . kbu tlmbi kbu iurbc` kfkpucyblwbwbbsbc lcftfditubd . 'fkgfctuibc kfslc phdltli ybc` tbi tfrfdbiibc ltu gfrbrtl , mbc

tftbp bibc gfrbrtl , gbawb sfhrbc` ybc` hr`bclsbthr ybc` iurbc` lctfdfitubd , sfmlilt

lctfrfst btbu puc sfmlilt gfrslkpbtl bibc kfdhcobi if ifmumuibc ybc` dfgla pfctlc`mbdbk ibdbc`bc fdltf phdltli . ]udbc` puc``uc` mbc pfc`urus pbrtbl bibc tfrkbsui if

mbdbk ibdbc`bc ybc` kfcmbpbt gb`lbc ybc` gfsbr mbdbk pfkgb`lbc tfkpbt"tfkpbt lcl,

mbc tu`bs ybc` bibc mlpf`bc`cyb tlmbi bibc kfcbrli gubt pbrb nfcmlilbwbc / ybc` tftbpgfrbmb mbdbk trbmlsl lctfdfitubd khmfrc 7 / !alds, &5M2 0 652 $ 658 7

Nfcmlilbwbc ml Ufc`bslc`bc.

'fc`bslc`bc kfrupbibc cbslg pbdlc` kfcyfmlaibc . 'bmb kbsb prb khmfrc pfc`uslrbc

kfcobml auiukbc pbdlc` kfc`frlibc ibrfcb tlmbi abcyb gfrbrtl gfrtbauc"tbauc tfrplsbambrl sbcbi sbumbrb mbc tfkpbt"tfkpbt ybc` birbg , tftbpl ou`b kfcobml pbrlb sfnbrb

pfrkbcfc . !fsfh