kolaborasi rantai pasok
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Kolaborasi Rantai PasokTogar M. Simatupang
Sekolah Bisnis dan ManajemenInstitut Teknologi Bandung
Disampaikan dalam diskusi ALI Bandung pada hariSabtu tanggal 31 Mei 2008
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Kilasan
• Apa itu logistik?• Apa itu kolaborasi?• Bagaimana menggambarkan kolaborasi?• Apa manfaat kolaborasi?• Bagaimana cara berkolaborasi?• Apa hambatan berkolaborasi?• Penutup
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Harga ProdukBiaya Logistik Langsung: Gudang, transportasi, dandistribusi
Biaya Logistik TidakLangsung: pengadaan, penanganan material, desain gudang, manajemen armada, aplikasi teknologiinformasi
Biaya Manufaktur danPemasaran
Laba Manufaktur danPemasaran
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Biaya Total Logistik% dari Penjualan
• Cina : 20%• Indonesia : ~18%• Amerika : 10%• Perancis : 7,2%• Italia : 6,7%• Jerman : 6,3%• Inggris : 5,1%• Spanyol : 4,7%• Belanda : 4,6%
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Apa itu logistik?
Manajemen yang efektif dari gudang, transportasi, dan distribusi barang danpenyediaan informasi yang relevan dariproduksi sampai pengguna akhir sehinggabarang tersebut bisa sampai denganjumlah yang tepat, lokasi yang tepat, waktu yang tepat, dan biaya yang tepat.
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Apa itu logistik?
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Siapa melakukan logistik?
• 1PL – Pemanufaktur dan Distributor• 2PL – Operator Aset (kurir, operator
gudang dan terminal, operator truk?• 3PL – Penyedia jasa logistik• 4PL – sebuah perusahaan yang
mengawasi prusahaan 3PL lainnya dalamproyek tunggal
• 5PL – Konsultan
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Kegiatan Bisnis 3PL
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Siapa klien 3PL?
• Pemanufaktur• Distributor• Pelanggan Akhir
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Apa yang dicari pelanggan akhir?
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Bagaimana perusahaan menenuhikeinginan pelanggan akhir?
1. Strategi penghematan biaya2. Saluran Distribusi Lengkap3. Perusahaan Besar (e.g. Carrefour, Wal-
Mart, Toyota, Mattel). 4. Pemanfaatan e-Commerce5. Penanganan Logistik
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Evolusi Manajemen Rantai Pasok
Sumber: Ronald H. Ballou
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Kinerja Rantai Pasok(CIO Magazine, Feb 1, 2000)
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Apa itu kolaborasi?
Collaboration comes from the Latin 'co' meaning 'with' and 'labore' meaning 'to work' and means 'to work together'.
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Apa itu kolaborasi?
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Diagram Kolaborasi
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Diagram Kolaborasi
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Diagram Kolaborasi
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Diagram Kolaborasi
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Diagram Kolaborasi
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Manfaat Kolaborasi
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Manfaat Kolaborasi
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Proyek Kolaborasi
Sumber: http://www.wamsystems.com/wam_id_process.htm
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Model Kematangan Kolaborasi
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Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok
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Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok
Partner 1
Partner 2Collaborative Performance
Collaborative Decisions
Information Sharing
Integrated Processes
Incentive Alignment
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Kolaborasi Rantai Pasok
Partner 1
Partner 2Collaborative Performance
Collaborative Decisions
Information Sharing
Integrated Processes
Incentive Alignment
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Model Kolaborasi
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Model Kolaborasi
Sumber: http://www.techexchange.com/thelibrary/Dama/Supply_Chain_Sim.html
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RFID
Sumber: http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_02/ict/u-japan_en/new_r_i01m.html
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FRONT END AGREEMENT
JOINT BUSINESS PLAN
CollaborativePlanning
CREATE SALES FORECAST
IDENTIFY EXCEPTIONS
RESOLVE EXCEPTIONS
CollaborativeForecasting
CREATE ORDER FORECAST
IDENTIFY EXCEPTIONS
RESOLVE EXCEPTIONS
GENERATE ORDER
Buyer
The CPFR® Process Model
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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment: Retail Link
Wal-Mart
OperationalSystem
ERP
RetailLink
Sales data aboutW-L Products
InventoryPlan
Planner
ForecastReview and Comments
ManufacturingPlan
Planner
Supplier:Warner-Lambert
EDI
Internet
WWW
Data warehouse
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Corporate Corporate CustomersCustomers
Distributor/Reseller
Manufacturer/ OEM
Retailers3P Logistics
Raw MaterialsSupplier
Logistics Providers
ConsumerConsumer
ComponentSupplier
ManufacturersEngineering/Design Partners
Subcontractor
PrivateeMarket(vertical)
PrivatePrivateeMarketeMarket((verticalvertical))
LogisticsExchange (horizontal)
LogisticsLogisticsExchange Exchange ((horizontalhorizontal))
Public eMarket(B2B)
Public eMarket(B2B)
Product/Goods FlowProduct/Goods FlowInformation FlowInformation Flow
CustomerExchange
(B2C)
CustomerCustomerExchange Exchange
(B2C)(B2C)
(Adapted from Forrester, 06/2000 & AMR SCM Report Jan 2000)
VirtualManufacturers Virtual
Distributors
Marketplace-to-Marketplace
(M2M)relationships
B2B relationships
e-Supply Networks
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Types of Collaborative Processes & Models in eMarkets
eMarket / Private HubeMarketeMarket / / Private HubPrivate Hub
Collaborative Logistics PlanningCollaborative Transportation MgmtCollaborative Distribution Services
Collaborative Logistics PlanningCollaborative Logistics PlanningCollaborative Transportation MgmtCollaborative Transportation MgmtCollaborativeCollaborative Distribution ServicesDistribution Services
Collaborative Demand ForecastingCollaborative ReplenishmentCollaborative Promotion PlanningCollaborative Life Cycle Planning
CollaborativeCollaborative Demand ForecastingDemand ForecastingCollaborative ReplenishmentCollaborative ReplenishmentCollaborativeCollaborative Promotion Promotion PlanningPlanningCollaborativeCollaborative Life Life Cycle PlanningCycle Planning
Collaborative Supply PlanningCollaborative Supply Procurement
Synchronized Production Scheduling
Collaborative Supply PlanningCollaborative Supply PlanningCollaborative Supply ProcurementCollaborative Supply Procurement
Synchronized Production SchedulingSynchronized Production Scheduling
CSUPCSUPCollaborative SupplyCollaborative Supply & & Production PlanningProduction Planning
CTMCTMCollaborative TransportationCollaborative Transportation ManagementManagement
CPFRCPFRCollaborative PlanningCollaborative Planning, , Forecasting Forecasting
& & ReplenishmentReplenishment
Collaborative Product Engineering & DesignCollaborative ProductCollaborative Product Engineering & DesignEngineering & Design
3P Logistics
Suppliers
ManufacturersEngineering/Design Partners
Subcontractors
Retailers
Distributors
CEDCEDCollaborativeCollaborative Engineering & DesignEngineering & Design
Retailers
Manufacturers
ViewedViewed from from the the manufacturermanufacturer’’s s
perspectiveperspective
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Apakah hambatan berkolaborasi?
• Kepercayaan yang lemah komitmen, penipuan, kredibilitas, rahasia perusahaan
• Kemampuan yang belum teruji SDM, sistemdan prosedur, penguasaan teknologi informasi
• Keterbatasan Prasarana akses jalan, internet, teknologi informasi, dan sebagainya.
• Lemahnya dukungan pemerintah iklimpersaingan sehat dan penyediaan prasarana
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Terima Kasih
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