1 pertemuan 15 & 16 electronic business system matakuliah: j0454 / sistem informasi manajemen...

1

Pertemuan 15 & 16Electronic Business System

Matakuliah : J0454 / Sistem Informasi Manajemen

Tahun : 2006

Versi : 1 / 1

2

Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa

akan mampu :

• Mahasiswa akan dapat menguraikan konsep dan aplikasi manajemen bisnis secara online C3

3

Outline Materi

• Enterprise Business System

• CRM

• SCM

• Functional Business System

• Marketing Systems

• Human Resource Systems

4

CustomerFeedback

MarketResearch

MarketTest

ComponentDesign

ProductTest

ProductRelease

ProcessDesign

EquipmentDesign

ProductionStart

Marketing R&D/Engineering Manufacturing

Enterprise Business Systems

New Product New Product Development ProcessDevelopment Process

5

Suppliers

Customers

Em

plo

yees

Par

tner

s

Supply Chain ManagementSourcing - Procurement

Enterprise Resource PlanningInternal Business Processes

Customer Relationship ManagementMarketing – Sales - Service

Kn

ow

led

ge

Ma

nag

eme

nt

Co

llab

ora

tio

n –

Dec

isio

n S

up

po

rt

Par

tner

Rel

atio

nsh

ip M

anag

emen

tS

elli

ng

– D

istr

ibu

tio

n

Enterprise Application ArchitectureEnterprise Application Architecture

Enterprise Business Systems

6

• Created Real-time Configure-to-Order System• Enterprise e-Business Systems Need End-to-End Connectivity:

– Across Different Processes– From Legacy Systems to its Suppliers,

Customers and Partners• Orders by Customers Travel Great Global Distances

• Systems Update Order Status• Communicate with Other Systems-Real Time• Orders Zip Across Atlantic Average 4 Times

Enterprise Business Systems

IBM Corporation: Global Cross-IBM Corporation: Global Cross-Functional Enterprise SystemsFunctional Enterprise Systems

7

ProductionPlanning Integrated

Logistics

Accounting and Finance

HumanResources

Sales,Distribution,

OrderManagement

Customer/Employee

Enterprise Resource Planning

The Technological Backbone The Technological Backbone of e-Businessof e-Business

8

Enterprise Resource Planning

Colgate-Palmolive: The Colgate-Palmolive: The Business Value of ERPBusiness Value of ERP

• Use of Software across the Entire Spectrum of the Business

• Activities That Once Took Days now Take Hours

• On-Time and Correctness of Deliveries Improved Significantly

• Inventories Reduced by 1/3 and Realized Meaningful Cost Savings

Graphically… Graphically…

9

Su

pp

liers

Human Resources

Finance and Accounting

DemandPlanning

Manufacturing Planning

LogisticsPlanning

DistributionPlanning

OrderEntry

Enterprise Resource Planning

Cu

sto

mer

s

Purchasing& Accounts

Payable

MRPInbound

InventoryPlant Mgmt.

Manufacturing& ProductionScheduling

InventoryControl &

Warehousing

Distribution& AccountsReceivable

Enterprise Resource Planning

Colgate-Palmolive: The Colgate-Palmolive: The Business Value of ERPBusiness Value of ERP

10

Benefits of ERP

• Quality and Efficiency

• Decreased Costs

• Decision Support

• Enterprise Agility

Failures in ERP Do Exist

Enterprise Resource Planning

11

Causes of ERP Failures• Underestimating the

Complexity of Planning, Development, and Training Needed

• Failure to Involve Affected Employees

• Trying to do Too Much Too Fast

• Over Reliance by Company on Claims of Software Companies

Enterprise Resource Planning

12

Supports an Integrated and Supports an Integrated and Collaborative Relationship Between a Collaborative Relationship Between a Business and it’s CustomersBusiness and it’s Customers

CRM: The Business Focus

CustomerLife Cycle

CRMFunctionalSolutions

CRMIntegratedSolution

The Internet

Acquire Enhance Retain

Direct Marketing Cross-sell and Up-sell Proactive Service

Sales Force Automation Customer Support

CollaborativeService

SharedCustomer Data

Partner Company Customer

13

CRM Uses IT to Create a Cross-CRM Uses IT to Create a Cross-Functional Enterprise SystemFunctional Enterprise System

CRM: The Business Focus

Marketing andFulfillment Customer

Service andSupport

Retentionand LoyaltyPrograms

Contact andAccount

Management

Sales•Cross-Sell•Up-Sell

Prospect orEmployee

Fax e-Mail

Telephone Web

14

CRM: The Business Focus

Benefits and Challenges of CRM• Identify and Target the Best

Customers• Customization and Personalization

of Products and Services• Track Customer ContactsCRM Failures• 50% of Applications Fail to Meet

Expectations• 20% of the Time CRM Damaged

Customer Relationships• Lack of Understanding and

Preparation is Blamed

15

SCM: The Business Network

Supply Chain Management• SCM – A Top Strategic

Objective for Many Firms• The Right Products• The Right Place• The Right Time• In the Proper Quantity• At an Acceptable Cost

16

SCM: The Business Network

Objective of SCM Efficiently Manages this Process by:

• Forecasting Demand• Controlling Inventory• Enhancing Business

Relationships• Receiving Feedback and

Status of Every Link of the Chain

17

SCM Software Helps Firms Reengineer and SCM Software Helps Firms Reengineer and Integrate The Functional SCM ProcessesIntegrate The Functional SCM Processes

Supply ChainLife Cycle

SCMFunctionalProcesses

SCMIntegratedSolution

Supplier Manufacturer CustomerRetailer

The Internet

CollaborativeFulfillment

SharedMarket Data

Commit Schedule Make Deliver

Strategic Sourcingand Procurement

Forecast and Demand Planning

Customer Order Fulfillment Service

Distribution Network and Warehouse Operations

Transportation and ShipmentManagement

ProductionLogistics

SCM: The Business Network

18

SCM: The Business Network

Benefits and Challenges of SCM

• More Accurate Order Processing

• Reductions in Inventory Levels

• Quicker Time to Market• Lower Costs• Strategic Relationships

with Suppliers

19

Benefits and Challenges of SCM

SCM: The Business Network

• Lack of Proper Planning Knowledge, Tools, and Guidelines

• Inaccurate Demand Forecasts

• Lack of Adequate Collaboration

• Software Itself Immature

20

Business Value GoalsRapid Demand Fulfillment

Collaborative SupplyChain Planning and

Execution

Customer Value GoalsGive customers what theywant, when and how theywant it, at the lowest cost

InterenterpriseCoordination of

Manufacturing andBusiness Process

EffectiveDistribution and

Channel Partnerships

Responsiveness andAccountabilityto Customers

Objectives of Supply Chain Objectives of Supply Chain ManagementManagement

SCM: The Business Network

21

• Survey of 75 Related Companies Revealed 18 Different Software Packages

• Lack of Integration Reduces Cost and Speed Savings that Might Be Realized

• Use of WebMethods EAI to Coordinate Processes

• New System Generated Cost Savings• Orders for Product Automatically

Orders Parts

Enterprise Application Integration

Dell Computer: Enterprise Dell Computer: Enterprise Application IntegrationApplication Integration

22

Order Entry Method

EAI

Billing

Call Center

Finance

Orders &Fulfillment

Manufacturing

Routing

Shipping

e - Mail

Fax

Web

Mail

Phone

Enterprise Application Integration

23

Transaction Processing System

Capture and Process Transactions ImmediatelyCapture and Process Transactions ImmediatelyCable Company A Cable Company B

VideoServer

VideoServer

Host System Host System

InteractiveVoice Response

System

WebServers

FaxServers

San Francisco New York

CommunicationServers

DatabaseServers

ApplicationServers

CommunicationServers

Phone System The Internet

Syntellect Interactive Systems

Middleware

24

Transaction Processing Cycle

Capture and Processing Data, Capture and Processing Data, Updating Databases, and Produce Updating Databases, and Produce Information Products Information Products

DataEntry

Documentand ReportGeneration

DatabaseMaintenance

InquiryProcessing

Transaction Processing•Batch•Online/ Real-Time

25

Enterprise Collaboration Systems

ECS Enables Working Together by Helping Us to:•Communicate•Coordinate•CollaborateTools for Enterprise Collaboration…

26

Tools for Enterprise CollaborationTools for Enterprise Collaboration

ElectronicCommunications

Tools

ElectronicConferencing

Tools

CollaborativeWork

ManagementTools

EnterpriseCollaboration

Systems

•e-Mail

•Instant Messaging

•Voice Mail

•Faxing

•Web Publishing

•Paging

• Calendaring and

Scheduling

• Task and Project

Management

• Workflow Systems

• Document Sharing

• Knowledge Management

• Data Conferencing

• Voice Conferencing

• Videoconferencing

• Discussion Forums

• Chat Systems

• Electronic Meeting

Systems

Enterprise Collaboration Systems

27

QuickPlace by Lotus Development QuickPlace by Lotus Development Collaborative Software ScreenshotCollaborative Software Screenshot

Enterprise Collaboration Systems

28

General Electric Co: Committed to General Electric Co: Committed to Enterprise CollaborationEnterprise Collaboration

Enterprise Collaboration Systems

•Committed to Lotus Tools – QuickPlace•QuickPlace-Web-based Work Spaces•Sametime (Real-time Online Meetings)•Tools Streamline Communication•18,000 QuickPlaces for 250,000 Users

29

Functional Business Systems

Examples of Examples of Functional Functional Business Business Information Information SystemsSystems

Marketing

ProductionOperations

Human ResourceManagement

Accounting Finance

• Customer relationship management

• Interactive marketing

• Sales force automation

• Cash management• Credit management• Investment

management• Capital budgeting• Financial forecasting

• Order processing• Inventory control• Accounts receivable• Accounts payable• Payroll• General ledger

• Compensation analysis

• Employee skills inventory

• Personnel requirements forecasting

• Manufacturing resource planning

• Manufacturing execution systems

• Process control FunctionalBusinessSystems

30

Marketing Systems

Marketing Information Systems

MarketInformation

Systems

InteractiveMarketing

Sales ForceAutomation

CustomerRelationshipManagement

SalesManagement

MarketResearch andForecasting

Advertisingand Promotion

ProductManagement

31

Marketing Systems

Five Major Components of Five Major Components of Target MarketingTarget Marketing

OnlineBehavior Demographic/

Psychographic

Context

Content

Community

32

Marketing Systems

Sales Force AutomationSales Force Automation•Use of Computers and the Internet

•Improves the Delivery of Information

•Support for Sales People Provides a Strategic Advantage in Sales and Marketing Responsiveness

33

Marketing Systems

Baker Tanks: Web-Based Baker Tanks: Web-Based Sales Force AutomationSales Force Automation•Leader in Rentals of Industrial Containment•Foremost in Transfer Equipment•Serves Customers in Construction to Aerospace•Ineffective Access to Huge Data •Used Salesforce.com Web-based System - PDAs Connected for Data•Much Better Communication•Salespeople More Productive

34

Marketing Systems

Web-Based Salesforce.com Web-Based Salesforce.com Automation PackageAutomation Package

35

Manufacturing Systems

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)

• Simplify• Automate• IntegrateFlexible Manufacturing SystemsAgile ManufacturingTotal Quality ManagementComputer-Aided Engineering

(CAE)Computer-Aided Manufacturing

(CAM)

36Computer-Integrated Manufacturing

En

terp

rise

Res

ou

rce

Pla

nn

ing

ManufacturingResources

Planning Systems

ManufacturingExecutionSystems

EngineeringSystems

ProductionForecasting

ProductionScheduling

MaterialRequirements

Planning

CapacityPlanning

ProductionCost Control

QualityControl

Shop FloorScheduling

Shop FloorControl

Machine Control

Robotics Control

Process Control

Computer-AidedEngineering

ProductSimulation and

Prototyping

Computer-AidedDesign

Computer-AidedProcess Planning

Manufacturing Systems

37

Human Resources Systems

Human Resource Information Systems

•Recruitment, Selection, and Hiring

•Job Placement•Performance Appraisals•Employee Benefits Analysis•Training and Development•Health, Safety, and SecurityHRM and the InternetHRM and Intranets

38

Supports…Supports…

Staffing Training andDevelopment

CompensationAdministration

StrategicSystems

TacticalSystems

OperationalSystems

• Human resource planning

• Labor force tracking

• Labor cost analysis and budgeting

• Turnover analysis

• Recruiting• Workforce

planning/• scheduling

• Succession planning

• Performance appraisal planning

• Training effectiveness

• Career matching

• Skill assessment• Performance

evaluations

• Contract costing

• Salary forecasting

• Compensation effectiveness and equity analysis

• Benefit preference analysis

• Payroll control• Benefits

administration

Human Resources Systems

39

An Example of an Employee An Example of an Employee Hiring Review SystemHiring Review System

Human Resources Systems

40

Accounting Systems

• Record and Report Business Transactions

• Trace Flows of Funds Through a Business

• Produce Financial Statements

• Forecasts of Future Conditions

• Projected Financial Statements

• Financial Budgets

41

Accounting Systems

Accounting Information Systems for Accounting Information Systems for Transaction Processing and Transaction Processing and Financial ReportingFinancial Reporting

Sales TransactionProcessing System

PurchasesTransactionProcessingSystem

PayrollTransactionProcessingSystem

General LedgerProcessing and

Reporting System

Billing AccountsReceivable

FinancialReporting

AccountsPayable

SalesAnalysis

Purchases

Time-keeping

Cash Receipts and Disbursements Transaction

Processing System

SalesOrder

Processing

CashDisburse-

ments

CashReceipts

GeneralLedger

InventoryProcessing

Payroll

42

Accounting Systems

•Order Processing• Inventory Control•Accounts Receivable•Accounts Payable•Payroll•General Ledger

Examples of Widely Used Examples of Widely Used Accounting Information SystemsAccounting Information Systems

43

Accounting Systems

An On-line Accounting ReportAn On-line Accounting Report

44

Financial Management Systems

Support Business Decision Makers in:

•Financing a Business•The Allocation and Control of Financial Resources

Capital BudgetingFinancial Planning Software

45

Important Financial Management Important Financial Management SystemsSystems

CashManagement

InvestmentManagement

CapitalBudgeting

FinancialPlanning

• Forecast andManage cash position

• Manage short-term and other securities

• Evaluate risk/return of capital expenditures

• Forecast financial performance and financing needs

InformationSystems in

Finance

Financial Management Systems

46

Strategic Financial PlanningStrategic Financial Planning

Financial Management Systems

47

Summary

• Cross-Functional Enterprise Systems

• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): The Business Backbone

• Customer Relationship Management: The Business Focus

• Supply Chain Management: The Business Network

• Transaction Processing Systems• Functional Business Systems• Marketing• Manufacturing• Human Resource Management• Accounting and Finance

48

Sumber Materi PPT

• O’Brien, James A. (2005). Introduction to Information Systems (12th Edition). McGraw – Hill. Bab 7. Official PPT.