alterasi hidrotermal dan mineralisasi bijih pada endapan sulfida masif vulkanigenik.docx

7/25/2019 ALTERASI HIDROTERMAL DAN MINERALISASI BIJIH PADA ENDAPAN SULFIDA MASIF VULKANIGENIK.docx

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ALTERASI HIDROTERMAL DAN MINERALISASI BIJIH PADA ENDAPAN SULFIDA MASIFVULKANIGENIK (VMS) TIPE KUROKO DAERAH SANGKAROPI, SULAWESI SELATAN

post dat! "#$J%&$'"

P&*+t+a& +&+ -t%.%a& %&t%/ 0&1+d&t+2/as+ 3o&as+ a*t-as+ 4+d-ot-0a* da&

st%d+ pa-a1&sa 0+&-a*+sas+ +.+4 pada &dapa& s%*2da 0as+5

6%*/a&+1&+/ (VMS) t+p K%-o/o da-a4 Sa&1/a-op+7 Mtoda %ta0a 8a&1d+t-ap/a& ada*a4 p&1a0ata& *apa&1a& da& 9o&to sta&1a&

(4a&dsp9+0&) s-ta a&a*+s+s pt-o1-a2 da& 0+&-a1-a2 t-4adap 9o&to t-p+*+47S9a-a 1o*o1+, at%a& T-s+- d+ da-a4 p&*+t+a& t-d+-+

da-+ # (t%.%4) sat%a& *+tost-at+1-a2 8a+t% sat%a& at%a& 1-a&+to+d, p+-o/*ast+/das+t, t%5a a&ds+t+/, p+-o/*ast+/ -+o*+t+/, asa*t da& *a6a a&ds+t7

M+&-a*+sas+ da& a*t-as+ 4+d-ot-0a* t-s+&1/ap d+ spa&.a&1 3o&a ssa- da&0&1+s+ %-at 00&t%/ sto9/:o-/, -99+a 2**+&1 da& 2ss%-

2**+&17 E&dapa& +.+4 s%*2da 0as+5 0&8-%pa+ *&sa 8a&1 sa- d&1a& pa&.a&1s/+ta- " 0 da& *a- ' 0 pada at%a& p+-o/*ast+/ das+t

da& t%5a a&ds+t+/7 Pada %0%0&8a t%%4 +.+4 0as+5 -:a-&a 4+ta0 d&1a&p&9a0p%-a& 0+&-a* +.+4 (po*+0ta*+/), ttap+ t-dapat p%*a

0+&-a* +.+4 da*a0 &t%/ *ap+sa&7 M+&-a* +.+4 8a&1 %ta0a pada t%%4 +.+4ada*a4 p+-+t, /a*/op+-+t, s5a*-+t da& 1a*&a, s*a+& +t% t-dapat

0+&-a* asso-+s 8a+t% /o6*+t, /a*/os+t, tt-a4d-+t, 40at+t, 0a1&t+t, 0a*a/+tda& a3%-+t7 Lap+sa& s5a*-+t s/+ta- "; 90 d&1a& a-a4

p-*ap+sa& N "< 0&%&.%//a& st-%/t%- a&dd7 M+&-a* a-+t t-dapatpada *ap+sa& atas t%%4 +.+47 ?o&a %a4a& d+s/+ta- t%%4 +.+4

-%pa s+*+s+2/as+, s-+s+t+sas+ da& a-1+*+/7 St%d+ pa-a1&sa -dasa-/a&/o0pos+s+ da& t/st%- 0+&-a* s%*2da, t-+d&t+2/as+ 5asa

p0&t%/a& 0+&-a*+sas+ 4+po1&7 Fasa p-ta0a p0&t%/a& 0+&-a* p+-+t,p8--4ot+t, 0a1&t+t da& tt-a4d-+t 8a&1 -&t%/ +--1%*a- da&

d+1a&t+/a& o*4 /a*/op+-+t7 Fasa /d%a, t-&t%/ 0+&-a* /a*/op+-+t 8a&10&11a&t+/a& p+-+t da& sa1+a& 0&1a&d%&1 /so*%s+ s5a*-+t da&

1a*&a7 Fasa /t+1a, p0&t%/a& 0+&-a* /a*/op+-+t 8a&1 0&11a&t+/a& 0+&-a*s5a*-+t7 M+&-a*+sas+ 4+po1& t-s%t d++/%t+ o*4 p-oss

p&1/a8aa& s%p-1& (s%p-1& &-+940&t) 8a&1 00&t%/ 0+&-a* /o6*+t,0a*a/+t da& a3%-+t, sda&1/a& 40at+t 0-%pa/a& 4as+*

o/s+das+ t-4adap 0a1&t+t 8a&1 t-&t%/ s*%0&8a7

Mineral Sulfda


2/19

M+&-a* s%*2da -%pa +/ata& a&ta-a s%*5%- da& *o1a0 d+.%0pa+ t-sa- d+ a*a0da*a0 /ada- da& d+0&s+ /9+* sa0pa+ sa-7 @a/a& s%*2da da*a0 .%0*a4sa- dapat 0&.ad+ a4a& 1a*+a& /o&o0+s 8a&1 *a8a/ d+ta0a&17

I7 abstrak

M+&-a* s%*2da -%pa +/ata& a&ta-a s%*5%- da& *o1a0 d+.%0pa+ t-sa- d+ a*a0da*a0 /ada- da& d+0&s+ /9+* sa0pa+ sa-7 @a/a& s%*2da da*a0 .%0*a4sa- dapat 0&.ad+ a4a& 1a*+a& /o&o0+s 8a&1 *a8a/ d+ta0a&17

D+sp-s+ *o1a0 -at -a9%& -a4a8a dapat t-.ad+ s9a-a a*a0+, -asa* da-+t%%4 +.+4 s%*2da 8a&1 t-s+&1/ap ata% -ada d/at p-0%/aa&7 U&s%- *o1a0da-+ +.+4 s%*2da t-a:a -sa0a a*+-a& a+- ta&a4 da a+- p-0%/aa& 0&8a-/ *+&1/%&1a& s/+ta-&8a 00&t%/ -o&a a:a* d&1a& sa-a& /a&d%&1a&*o1a0 8a&1 t+&11+7

P-oss p&a0a&1a& d&1a& 00o&1/a- da& 00+&da4/a& a4a& 1a*+a&0&1a&d%&1 s%*2da 0&8a/a& t-%/a&8a s%*2da t-4adap %da-a as7Pada /o&d+s+ t-papa- pada %da-a as 0+&-a* s%*2da a/a& t-o/s+das+ da&t-*a-%t/a& 00&t%/ a+- asa0 ta0a&17 A+- asa0 ta0a&1 -pot&s+0*a-%t/a& *o1a0 8a&1 t-*:at+ s4+&11a 00&t%/ a*+-a& 0&1a&d%&1a4a& -a9%& -a4a8a 8a&1 a/a& 0&%-%&/a& /%a*+tas *+&1/%&1a&7

P0&t%/a& a+- asa0 9&d-%&1 *+4 +&t&s+5 t-.ad+ pada da-a4p&a0a&1a&7 Ha* +&+ dapat d+91a4 d&1a& 0&14+&da-+ t-papa-&8a a4a&0&1a&d%&1 s%*2da pada %da-a as7 P&a&1a&a& a+- asa0 ta0a&1 dapatd+*a/%/a& d&1a& 0&t-a*+s+- 0&11%&a/a& a4a& p&t-a* ata% 0&1o*a4&8aa1a- 00&%4+ atas a/% 0%t%7

II7 PENDAHULUAN0+&-a* s%*2da -%pa +/ata& %&s%- *-a&1 d&1a& *o1a0, d+ a*a0 dapat0&.ad+ s%0- da8a *o1a0, 8a&1 da*a0 .%0*a4 sa- dapat -pot&s+/o&o0+ %&t%/ d+%sa4a/a&7 S*a+& 0&8%s%& t%%4 +.+4 *o1a0, 0+&-a* s%*2dad+.%0pa+ sa1a+ a1+a& da-+ p&8%s%& &dapa& at%a-a7

M+&-a* s%*2da dapat t-&t%/ sa1a+ 4as+* a/t+2tas 4+d-ot-0a* 0a%p%&sa1a+ 4as+* p-oss sd+0&tas+7 M+&-a* s%*2da s-+&1 d+.%0pa+ -%pa p+-+t,/a*/op+-+t, spa*-+t da& 1a*&a7

Da-+ /a-a/t-+st+/&8a 0+&-a* s%*2da dapat d+0a&5aat/a& sa1a+ a4a& +&d%st-+0ta*%-1+ 0a%p%& /+0+a, &a0%& d+ a*a0 pot&s+a* .%1a sa1a+ p&14as+* a+-asa0 8a&1 dapat 0&%-%&/a& /%a*+tas *+&1/%&1a&7

A+- asa0 dapat t-&t%/ s9a-a a*a0+, sa1a+ a/+at t-o/s+das+ da&t-*a-%t/a&&8a s%*2da / da*a0 s+st0 a*+-a& a+- p-0%/aa& da& a+- ta&a40&8a/a& t%-%&&8a pH a+-7 K1+ata& p&a0a&1a&, d&1a& 00o&1/a-&dapa& s%*2da, -pot&s+ 00p-sa- da& 00p-9pat p-ossp0&t%/a& a+- asa07

P0&t%/a& a+- asa0 a/+at /1+ata& p&a0a&1a& ata% s-+&1 d+s%td&1a& a+- asa0 ta0a&1 p-*% d+91a47 A+- asa0 ta0a&1 8a&1 t+da/ dapatt-4+&da-/a& t-&t%/ d+ :+*a8a4 ta0a&1, 4a-%s d+&t-a*/a& a1a- t+da/

-da0pa/ %-%/ t-4adap *+&1/%&1a& s/+ta-&8a7


3/19

III. Pengertian mineral sulfda

M+&-a* S%*2da0-%pa/a& 0+&-a* 4as+* p-s&8a:aa& *a&1s%&1 a&ta-a %&s%-t-t&t% d&1a& s%*5%- (*-a&1), sp-t+ s+, p-a/, t0a1a, t+0a*, s&1 da&0-/%-+7 B-apa da-+ 0+&-a* s%*2da +&+ t-dapat sa1a+ a4a& 8a&100p%&8a+ &+*a+ /o&o0+s, ata% +.+4, sp-t+ p+-+t (FS), 94a*9o9+t (@%'S),1a*&a (PS), da& sp4a*-+t (?&S)7

K*as 0+&-a* s%*2da ata% d+/&a* .%1a d&1a& &a0a s%*5osa*t +&+ t-&t%/ da-+/o0+&as+ a&ta-a %&s%- t-t&t% d&1a& s%*5%- (*-a&1)7 Pada %0%0&8a%&s%- %ta0a&8a ada*a4 *o1a0 (0ta*)7

P0&t%/a& 0+&-a* /*as +&+ pada %0%0&8a t-&t%/ d+s/+ta- :+*a8a41%&%&1 ap+ 8a&1 00+*+/+ /a&d%&1a& s%*5%- 8a&1 t+&11+7 P-oss 0+&-a*+sas+&8at-.ad+ pada t0pat$t0pat /*%a-&8a ata% s%0- s%*5%-7 U&s%- %ta0a 8a&1-9a0p%- d&1a& s%*5%- t-s%t -asa* da-+ 0a10a, /0%d+a& t-/o&ta0+&as+o*4 s%*5%- 8a&1 ada d+s/+ta-&8a7 P0&t%/a& 0+&-a*&8a +asa&8a t-.ad+d+a:a4 /o&d+s+ a+- t0pat t-&dap&8a %&s%- s%*5%-7 P-oss t-s%t +asa&8ad+/&a* sa1a+ a*t-as+ 0+&-a* d&1a& s+5at p0&t%/a& 8a&1 t-/a+t d&1a&4+d-ot-0a* (a+- pa&as)7

M+&-a* /*as s%*2da +&+ .%1a t-0as%/ 0+&-a*$0+&-a* p0&t%/ +.+4 (o-s)7Da& o*4 /a-&a +t%, 0+&-a*$0+&-a* s%*2da 00+*+/+ &+*a+ /o&o0+s 8a&1 9%/%pt+&11+7 K4%s%s&8a /a-&a %&s%- %ta0a&8a %0%0&8a ada*a4 *o1a07 Pada +&d%st-+

*o1a0, 0+&-a*$0+&-a* s%*2ds t-s%t a/a& d+p-oss %&t%/ 00+sa4/a& %&s%-*o1a0 da-+ s%*5%-&8a7

B-apa p&9+-+ /*as 0+&-a* +&+ ada*a4 00+*+/+ /+*ap *o1a0 /a-&a %&s%-%ta0a&8a %0%0&8a *o1a0, -at .&+s 8a&1 t+&11+ da& 00+*+/+ t+&1/at ata%&+*a+ //-asa& 8a&1 -&da47 Ha* t-s%t -/a+ta& d&1a& %&s%-p0&t%/&8a 8a&1 -s+5at *o1a07

B-apa 9o&to4 0+&-a* s%*2ds 8a&1 t-/&a* ada*a4 p8-+t (FS), @4a*9o9+t(@%'S), Ga*&a (PS), sp4a*-+t (?&S) da& p-o%st+t (A1AsS)7 Da& t-0as%/

.%1a d+da*a0&8a s*&+ds, t**%-+ds, a-s&+ds, a&t+0o&+ds, +s0%t4+&+ds da&.%1a s%*5osa*t7

IV. Analisis Geologi Mineral Sulfda Di Alam

M+&-a* s%*2da dapat d+.%0pa+ pada t+1a .&+s %ta0a at%a&, 8a+t% pada at%a&/%, sd+0& 0a%p%& 0a*+4a&7 Na0%& /a&d%&1a& pot&s+a* +asa&8a t-dapatpada 9a/a& 8a&1 t-&t%/ da-+ 4as+* a/t+2tas 4+d-ot-0a*7 A/t+2tas4+d-ot-0a* 0&14as+*/a& at%a& t-a*t-as+ da& t-0+&-a*+sas+ 0&1a&d%&10+&-a* s%*2da da*a0 -apa .&+s d&1a& asos+as+ t-t&t%, t-1a&t%&1 padat+p 0+&-a*+sas+ da& a*t-as+&8a (Ta* ')7 Ka&d%&1a& 0+&-a* s%*2da padat%%4 &dapa& 4as+* a/t+2tas 4+d-ot-0a* dapat -apa p-s& sa.a ata%-%pa &dapa& s%*2da 0as+5, 8a+t% 4a0p+- s*%-%4&8a t-d+-+ da-+ 0+&-a*s%*2da7


4/19

M+&-a* s%*2da pada &dapa& sd+0& t-&t%/ t-%ta0a pada *+&1/%&1a&p0&t%/a& at%a-a7 S%*2da 8a&1 t-&t%/ t+da/ 00p%&8a+ pot&s+/o&o0+, a/a& ttap+ pot&s+a* sa1a+ p0&t%/ a+- asa0 ta0a&17 Pada&dapa& at%a-a s*a+& s%*5%- 8a&1 -asa* da-+ 0+&-a* s%*2da, t-dapat .%1as%*5%- da-+ s%*5at da& s%*5%- o-1a&+/7

Pada da-a4 t-dapat&8a 9a/a& +.+4 s%*2da da& at%a-a, t+da/ s*a*%pot&s+a* t-4adap p0&t%/a& a+- asa07 Ha* +&+ sa&1at t-1a&t%&1 pada/o&d+s+ 1o*o1+ da& t+p 0+&-a*+sas+&8a7 Ko&d+s+ 1o*o1+ da& t+p0+&-a*+sas+>a*t-as+ t-t&t% dapat s9a-a a*a0+ 0&t-a*/a& asa0 8a&1t-&t%/, 8a+t% apa+*a pada *+&1/%&1a& 1o*o1+&8a ata% a*t-as+ da&0+&-a*+sas+&8a 0&14as+*/a& 0+&-a*$0+&-a* p&t-a* (Ta* ")7

M+&-a*+sas+ t+p skarnda& Carlint-&t%/ pada *+to*o1+ 0&1a&d%&1/a-o&at7 Ka&d%&1a& /a-o&at -pot&s+ 0&t-a*+s+- asa0 8a&1t-&t%/7 D0+/+a& .%1a pada -apa t+p 0+&-a*+sas+, 0s/+p%&/0a0p%a& 0&t-a*/a& da-+ 0as+&1$0as+&1 .&+s 0+&-a* t-s%t t+da/ sa0a7

V. enis mineral sulfde

C !ornite

Bo-&+t (@%;FS


5/19

C T-a&spa-a&s+! K-+sta* 8a&1 %-a07

C S+st0 @-8sta* +so0t-+/, < > 0 a- ' > 0 d+atas '' d-a.at 9*s+%s ttap+ d+ a:a4 s%4% +&+ st-%/t%-&8a 0&.ad+/%-a&1 s+0t-+s 0%&1/+& tt-a1o&a*, a- < ' >07

C @-8sta* K+asaa& 0*+p%t+ /%%s t-d+sto-s+ *a&1/a da& a4/a&*+4 .a-a&1dod9a4d-o&s da& o9ta4d-o&s7 K+asaa& 8a&1 pa*+&1 %0%0ada*a4 +.+$+.+a&sa- ata% d+sa-*%as/a&7

C P0*a4a& sa&1at 0+s/+&, o/ta4d-a*7

C F-a/t%- ada*a4 9o&94o+da*7

C K/-asa& ada*a4

C B-at J&+s ada*a4 s/+ta-


6/19

M+&-a* P+-+t ata% d+s%t .%1a s+ s%*2d ( FS' ) 00p%&8a+ /-+sta* +so0t-+/8a&1 pada %0%0&8a t-*+4at ata% &a0pa/ da& &t%/&8a sp-t+ dad% ata%/%%s da& d+ s%t .%1a st-+atd ( 1a-+s s.a.a- pada p-0%/aa& /-+sta* ), *+4atpada 1a0a- d+sa0p+&17 M+&-a* p+-+t 00p%&8a+ //-asa& $7;, da&00p%&8a+ oot .&+s


7/19

C Galena

Ga*&a ada*a4 5o-0at 0+&-a* s%*2da 8a&1 a*a0+7 M+&-a* +&+ ada*a4 0+&-a* +.+4

8a&1 pa*+&1 %ta0a7 M+&-a* Ga*&a +&+ 00p%&8a+ -%0%s a4a& /+0+a (PS)S%*2da, s8st0 /-+sta*&8a +so0t-+9 4o9ta4d-a*, 00p%&8a+ *a4a& 8a&1s0p%-&a, d&1a& //-as& ',; ',#; da& -at .&+s #,;, /+*ap *o1a0, d&1a&:a-&a a% a% t+0a47 M+&-a* Ga*&a +&+ t-dapat&8a da*a0 %-at %-at4+d-ot-0a* d&1a& spa*-+t, /a*/op+-+t, p+-+t, *a+& *a+& s%*2d, /%a-sa, /a*s+t,do*o0+t, a-+t da& %o-+t7

P-sd+aa& 0+&-a* 1a*&a a&8a/ d+t0%/a& d+P-a&9+s, Ro0a&+a, A%st-+a,B*1+%0, Ita*8, Spa+&, S9ot*a&d, I&11-+s, A%st-a*+a,da& M+9o7 Ga*&a .%1a t-dapat d+ G%&%&1 H-0o& d+ da-a4 Is-a* s*a4%ta-a7 D+ da-a4 A0-+/a S-+/at 0+&-a* 1a*&a +&+ t-.ad+ pa*+&1 /4%s%s&8a d+

da-a4 *0a4 M+ss+ss+pp+ 0+&-a* +&+ .%1a t-dapat d+ a1+a& t&11a-a M+sso%-+da& d+ da-a4 *+&1/%&1a& s-%pa d+ I**+&o+s, Io:a da& W+s9o&s+&7 Ga*&a .%1a
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania


8/19

ada*a4 s%at% 0+&-a* 8a&1 %ta0a ta0a&1 s&1 d+ da-a4 stat%s a-po&d Jop*+&d+ da-a4 M+sso%-+ a1+a& a-at da8a da& a-a 8a&1 d+t&1a4&8a Ka&sas da&O/*a4o0a7 Ga*&a .%1a s%at% 0+&-a* +.+4 p&t+&1 d+ da*a0 p-a/ 8a&1 d+ta0a&1 d+ da-a4 @o*o-ado, Ida4o, Uta4 da& Mo&ta&a7 T&ta&1 8a&1*a/a&1a&, @o%- dA*& da-a4 da-+ Ida4o %ta-a ada*a4 8a&1 pa*+&1

t-/0%/a7 M+&-a* 1a*&a s/a*+ /a*+ d+ 1%&a/a& sa1a+ s0+/o&d%/to- (8a+t%/-+sta*&8a) d+ da*a0 psa:at -ad+o7 /-+sta* 1a*&a 0&.ad+ a1+a& da-+ s%at% t+t+/$d+oda /o&ta/ d+1%&a/a& %&t%/ 0&dt/s+ +s8a-at>s+&8a* -ad+o7

IN#$%MASI

C S+st0 @-+sta* ! Iso0t-+/ 7

C Wa-&a ! a% a% t+0a*

C Go-sa& ! aa a% t+0a*

C B*a4a& da& p9a4a& ! ( " )

C S0p%-&a7K/-asa& ! ',;

C B-at .&+s ! #,;

C G&s+s ! T-&t%/ da*a0 at%a& sd+0&, %-at$%-at 4+d-ot-0a* da& .%1ap10at+t7Da*a0 %-at$%-at4+d-ot-0a* -asos+as+ d&1a& 0+&-a*$0+&-a* p-a/,

s5a*-+t, p+-+t,0a-/as+t, /4a*/op+-+t, s-%s+t,a&1*s+t, do*o0+t, /a*s+t, /%a-sa, a-+s,da& %o-+t7 Dapatp%*a d+t0%/a& da*a0 dpos+t 0ta0o-2s0/o&ta/7

C Ma&5aat ! s%0- *o1a0 t+0a* ata% t+0a4 4+ta0 ( P )M+&-a* Ga*&a


9/19

C &alko'irit

Ka*/op+-+t ada*a4 s%at% 0+&-a* s+ s%*2d t0a1a 8a&1 0&1-+sta* s+st0-s%d%t 0pat7 Ka*/op+-+t 00p%&8a+ /o0pos+s+ /+0+a 8a+t%(@%FS')7 Ka*/op+-+t sp-t+ /%&+&1a& 8a&1 00p%&8a+ :a-&a /%&+&1 /0asa&,da& 00p%&8a+ s/a*a //-asa& ,;


10/19

*-a&1, da& s.%0*a4 %&s%- A1, A%, Pt, Pd, P, V, @-, d+ da*a0, A* da& S 8a&1d+*apo-/a&7 K0%&1/+&a& a&8a/ da-+ %&s%-$%&s%- +&+ 4ad+- d+ da*a0 d&1a&s0p%-&a +&t-1-o:& 0+&-a* d+ da*a0 /-+sta* /a*/op+-+t, sa1a+ 9o&to4 *a0**a8a&1 0:a/+*+ a-s&op8-+t, 0o*+d&+t 8a&1 0:a/+*+ Mo, da& sa1a+&8a7

C Wa-&a /%&+&1 &a/a*, ta-&+s4s *%s +--ds9&t, 4+.a%, /%&+&1 da& %&1%7

C L%st- ada*a4 *o1a07

C T-a&spa-a&s+! K-+sta* 8a&1 %-a07

C S+st0 @-8sta* tt-a1o&a*, a- < '0

C @-8sta* K+asaa& sa1+a& sa- ada*a4 8a&1 d+sp4&o+d 8a&1sp-t+ d%a:d1s -*a:a&a& da&0&8-%pa+ tt-a4d-o&7 K-+sta* so0t+&s /0a-7J%1a %0%0 sa-, da&/ada&1$/ada&1 ot-8o+da*7

C P0*a4a& a1a/ 0+s/+& da*a0 sat% a-a47

C F-a/t%- ada*a4 9o&94o+da* da& -ap%47

C K/-asa& ada*a4 ,;$ 0 ' > 0

C @-8sta* K+asaa& 0*+p%t+, &t%/ ta%*a- -+*a4 ata% p-+s0at+/7 E5/ /0a-a&0&14as+*/a& /-+sta* -&t%/ to0a/

da& t:+&&+&1 d+%*a&1 0&14as+*/a& s+s+- a8a0+&+ 9*%st-7 J%1a sa-, ot-8o+da*,sta*a9t+t+9 da& &od%*a-7 Kada&1$/ada&1 sa1a+0+&-a* p&11a&t+ 5os+* da& ps%do0o-p4 p+-+t7

C P0*a4a& 0+s/+& da*a0 d%a a-a47

C F-a/t%- t+da/ 0-ata7

C K/-asa& ada*a4 $,;

C B-at J&+s ada*a4 s/+ta-


13/19

)innabar, merkurisulfda*H1S), adala+bi,i+utamamerkuri7 **+4 *a&.%td+ a:a4)

C KARAKTERISTIK FISIK!Wa-&a 0-a4 ada*a4 t-a&1 ata% /a8% 0a&+s 0-a4 0-a4 ata7

C L%st- ada*a4 ada0a&t+& %&t%/ s%0ta**+9 da*a0 sps+0& 1*ap7

C T-a&spa-a&s+ /-+sta* 8a&1 t0%s / t-a&spa-a&7C S+st0 @-8sta* ada*a4 t-+1o&a* '

C @-8sta* K+asaa&! +&d+6+d%, t-&t%/ d&1a& a+/, /-+sta* sa- 8a&1*a&1/a, -0a4da& /o0p*/s /-+sta* 8a&1 *+4%0%0, 0%&1/+& 0as+5, ata% .a-%0 9ap+*a-87 K-+sta* 8a&1d+t0%/a& 9&d-%&1 &a0 s9a*a4d-o&s t-+1o&a* s+s+ 8a&1 ta0pa/&8at*a40&&ta&1 t+1a p+-a0+da s+s+7 Ha* +&+

.%1a 00&t%/ -4o0o4d-o&s d+0od+2/as+,p-+s0a da& /-+sta* /0a- sp-t+8a&1 d+.*as/a& d+ atas7

C P0*a4a& s0p%-&a da*a0 t+1a a-a4, 00&t%/ p-+s0a7

C F-a/t%- t+da/ 0-ata / sp*+&t-87

C K/-asa& ada*a4 ' $ ',;7

C B-at J&+s ada*a4 s/+ta- ," (sa&1at -at %&t%/ 0+&-a* &o&$*o1a0)

C St-a/ 0-a4

C Asso9+atd M+&-a* ada*a4 -a*1a-, p+-+t, do*o0+t, /%a-sa, st+&+t da&0-/%-+7

C La+& Ka-a/t-+st+/! s9t+* s+*14t*8 da& /-+sta* dapat *%-+/7


14/19

C O99%-a&9s t-/&a*t-0as%/ A*0ad&, Spa&8o*, Id-+a, S-+a, H%&a& A0sa*, @+&ada& @a*+5o-&+a, O-1o&, Tas, da& A-/a&sas, A0-+/a S-+/at77

C I&d+/ato- Lapa&1a& T-a+/ ada*a4 /-+sta* /+asaa&, /padata&, *a4a&dada,/*0%ta& da& :a-&a7

C S'+alerite

S5a*-+t (SFAL$-+t) ada*a4 s&1 s%*2da (?&S) da& +.+4 %ta0a da-+ s&17 (*+4*a&.%t d+ a:a4)

C KARAKTERISTIK FISIK!

Wa-&a +asa&8a 4+ta0 ttap+ +sa -:a-&a9o/*at, /%&+&1, /0-a4a&, 4+.a%, da& p%t+4 ata% /%-a&1 %0%0 -:a-&a7

C L%st- ada*a4 ada0a&t+& ata% -s+& ata% s%0ta**+9 %&t%/ -sa4a.a da*a0 &t%/sa-7

C T-a&spa-a&s+ /-+sta* 8a&1 t-a&spa-a& %&t%/ t0%s7

C S+st0 @-8sta* +so0t-+/, a- < 0

C @-8sta* K+asaa& dapat 0&.ad+ -%0+t d&1a& dod9a4d-o& *a4/t%pat,tt-a4d-o& da& /o0+&as+ da-+ :a.a4 /%+/

da& 00+*+/+ t-+stt-a4d-o& 00-+/a&/-+sta* :a.a4 -apa &t%/ 8a&1s-+&1 t+da/ .*as7 U&t%/ 0&a0a4 *+4 a&8a/


15/19

/+&1%&1a& d&1a& /-+sta* t+da/ .*as, /0a- ada*a4 %0%0 da& /ada&1$/ada&10*%as7 B&t%/ sa- 8a&1 %0%0 da&dapat 1-a&%*a-, -sa4a.a, ot-8o+da*,9o&9-t+o&a-8 da&-s-at7 A1-1at da-+ /-a/$/-a/ ot-8o+da* d&1a&*ap+sa&:%-t3+t da& 1a*&a d+s%t S94a*&*&d /ada&1$/ada&1 d+poto&1

da& d+po*ssa1a+ at% 4+as7C P0*a4a& s0p%-&a da*a0 &a0 a-a4 00&t%/ dod9a4d-o&s7

C F-a/t%- ada*a4 9o&94o+da*, tap+ .a-a&1 t-*+4at /a-&a *a4a& dada s-+&17

C K/-asa& ada*a4 ,;$0

C @-8sta* K+asaa&! t+p+s, /-+sta* 4/sa1o&a* p*at8 d+a/4+-+o*4 :a.a4 p+&a9o+da*, .%1a sa1a+ 0-%&9+&1 &a0$s+s+ p+-a0+da 8a&1


16/19

dapat d+poto&1 o*4 p+&a9o+ds7 J%1asa-, p+p+4 da& +.+$+.+a& /9+*d+ ada& +.+4 s%*2da da& /*-&1 -/-+sta*+sas+7

C P0*a4a& s0p%-&a da*a0 sat% a-a4, 00&t%/ *0a-a& t+p+s7

C F-a/t%- ada*a4 /-+p+/7

C K/-asa& ada*a4 ",; $ '7

C B-at J&+s ada*a4


17/19

@a/a& 0+&-a* s%*2da da*a0 d+0&s+> /ada- sa- sa&1at pot&s+a* %&t%/d+0a&5aat/a& a1+ %sa4a p-ta0a&1a&7 @a/a& /o&o0+s 8a&1 t-d+-+ da-++.+4 s%*2da dapat 00p%&8a+ sa-a& s9a-a *at-a* 0a%p%& 6-t+/a* -apap%*%4 0t- sa0pa+ d&1a& -at%sa& 0t-, .%0*a4 9ada&1a& +.+4 -apap%*%4 .%ta to& sa0pa+ d&1a& -+%a& .%ta to& (Ga0a- ")7 P0a&5aata&

9a/a& 0+&-a* s%*2da d&1a& 0&1/st-a/ +.+4 0&.ad+ /o0po&& -&+*a+/o&o0+ 8a&1 dapat t-d+-+ da-+ *o1a0, a4a& /+0+a s-ta a4a& a/% %&t%/+&d%st-+ *a+&7 J&+s /o0od+tas 8a&1 d+4as+*/a& t-1a&t%&1 pada t+p 9a/a&&8a(Ta* ')7

Tabel 1.

Tipe cebakan mengandung mineral penetral air asam (dari beberapa sumber)

PENETRAL

ASAM

TIPE ENDAPAN

Ka-o&at

@a@O da&

M1@a(@O)

S/a-& W, s/a-& S&, s/a-&@%, s/a-& P$?&, s/a-&F,carbonate-hosted

Au,silica-carbonate Hg,polymetallic

replacement

Ma1&s+t

M1@O

U-at 4+d-ot-0a*,p10at+t

Rodo/-os+t

M&@O

Ka-o&at+t, s/a-& ?&$P,polymetallicreplacement, M&p+t-0a*,replacementMn, polymetallic eins,

olcanogenic Mn, M&p+t-0a*

!itherite

Ba@O

P-*ap+sa& a-+t

Ankerit

@a5Q(@O)'

Ka-o&at+t,polymetalliceins, A%$%-at /%a-sas%*2da -&da4

"rucite

M1(OH)'

#erpentine-hosted

asbestos

Ma*a4+t

@%'@O(O

H)

S/a-& @%


18/19

G+s+t

A*(OH)

Lat-+t a%/s+t

L+0o&+t

FO(OH)

U-at /%a-sa, *at-+t

Ma&1a&+t

M&O(OH)

U-at 4+d-ot-0a* s%4%-&da4

Tabel $.

Tipe endapan dan komoditas yang dihasilkan

TAMBANG TIPEENDAPAN

KOMODITAS

G-as-1,E-ts-1

Po-2-+ @%$A%,S/a-&

@%, A%, A1

Bat%H+.a%

Po-2-+ @%$A% @%, A%, A1

Po&1/o-U-atp+t-0a*

A%, A1

Goso:o&1

U-atp+t-0a* A%, A1

Ms* @a-*+& A%, A1

R+s/a Ep+t-0a* HS A%, A1

Ko0od+tas 4as+* p&a0a&1a& da& p&1o*a4a& da-+ 9a/a& +.+4 s%*2da, s*a+&-%pa *o1a0, dapat d+4as+*/a& .%1a p-od%/ sa0p+&1a&&8a7 @a/a& +.+4s%*2da 0s/+p%& pot&s+a* 0&14as+*/a& a+- asa0, &a0%& d+ pa-+/ p&1o*a4a&,/o0po&& p0&t%/ a4a& -a9%& -a4a8a t-s%t dapat d+o*a4 0&.ad+

/o0od+tas /o&o0+7 Pa-+/ p&1o*a4+.+4 @%$A% t+p po-2-+, s*a+& 0&14as+*/a&*o1a0 t0a1a, 0as da& p-a/, d+p-o*4 .%1a 4as+* sa0p+&1a& -%pa asa0s%*5at, s+ da& 1+ps%07 Sda&1/a& p&1o*a4a& 9a/a& t+p @a-*+& s*a+&0&14as+*/a& 0as da& p-a/, .%1a 0&14as+*/a& 0-/%-+7

P&a0a&1a& 9a/a& s%*2da dapat d+*a/%/a& d&1a& s+st0 a:a4 p-0%/aa&0a%p%& ta0a&1 p-0%/aa&7 P&a0a&1a& t+da/ d&1a& 9a-a 0&11a*+ da&0&1o*a4 s*%-%4 &dapa& s%*2da 8a&1 ada, a/a& ttap+ 4a&8a 0&a0a&1+.+4 8a&1 00p%&8a+ /ada- /o&o0+s7 D0+/+a& .%1a t+da/ s0%a .&+s s%*2da8a&1 t-1a*+ s*%-%4&8a 00p%&8a+ &+*a+ /o&o0+7 B+.+4 s%*2da d&1a& /ada- d+a:a4 cut o% gradea/a& d+ta0p%&1 pada &aste dumpata% t-t+&11a* d+

da*a0pit7


19/19

B+.+4 s%*2da d+o*a4 %&t%/ 0&1a0+* /a&d%&1a& a4a& /o&o0+s, sda&1/a&a4a& t+da/ /o&o0+s s-ta /a&d%&1a& %&s%- 8a&1 *a+& a/a& t-a:a-sa0a tailing7 O*4 sa +t% tailing8a&1 0-%pa/a& s+sa 4as+* p&1o*a4a&/0%&1/+&a& sa- 0as+4 0&1a&d%&1 a4a& p0&t%/ asa07

VII7 PE%MASALAHAN MINE%AL SUL#IDA

P-0asa*a4a& 0+&-a* s%*2da t-.ad+ apa+*a t-papa- pada %da-a as a/a&t-o/s+das+, t-*a-%t/a& o*4 a+- p-0%/aa& ata% a+- ta&a4 00&t%/ a+- asa07A+- asa0 a/a& 0*a-%t/a& *o1a0 8a&1 t-*:at+ s4+&11a 0&14as+*/a& a4a&-a9%& -a4a8a 8a&1 -pot&s+ 0&90a-+ *+&1/%&1a&, t-%ta0a a+-p-0%/aa& da& a+- ta&a47

A*+-a& a+- asa0 apa+*a 00as%/+ ada& a+- a/a& 0&8a/a& t%-%&&8a pH,

s4+&11a 0&.ad+ *+&1/%&1a& 8a&1 t+da/ *a8a/ %&t%/ d+4%&+ o*4 +/a& da&s.&+s&8a7 Sda&1/a& apa+*a 0&1&a+ t%0%4a& a/a& 0&8a/a& 0at+ata% t%0%4 /-d+*7

M+&-a* s%*2da p0&t%/ asa0 8a+t% a&ta-a *a+& p+-+t (FS'), 0a-/as+t (FS'),p+/o*+t (FS), /a*/os+t (@%S), /o6*+t (@%S), /a*/op+-+t (@%FS'), 0o*+d&+t (MoS),0%*&+t (N+S), 1a*&a (PS) da& s5a*-+t (?&S)7 Da-+ s0%a 0+&-a* t-s%t, p+-+t0-%pa/a& s%*2da pa*+&1 do0+&a& da*a0 p0&t%/a& asa07 P-ossp0&t%/a& asa0 dapat d+.*as/a& d&1a& p-sa0aa& /+0+a sa1a+ -+/%t !

") FS' #>'O' H'O F' 'SO'H'O) F H'O F(OH) H

alterasi hidrotermal dan mineralisasi bijih pada endapan sulfida masif vulkanigenik.docx

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