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HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN
KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA (6-60) BULAN DI
KELURAHAN SUMBERSARI
SKRIPSI
Oleh :
MEGA DWI ANGGRAENI
NIM. 201510420311115
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2019
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HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN
KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA (6-60) BULAN DI
KELURAHAN SUMBERSARI
SKRIPSI
Untuk Memenuhi Sebagai Persyaratan Mencapai Gelar Sarjan Keperawatan (S.Kep)
Pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Oleh : MEGA DWI ANGGRAENI
NIM. 201510420311115
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2019
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iii
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KATA PENGANTAR
Dengan mengucapkan puji syukur Alhamdulilah, akhirnya saya dapat
menyeleseikan proposal skripsi dengan judul “Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif
dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 6-60 Bulan di Kelurahan sumbersari”.
Proposal skripsi ini dibuat sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana
keperawatan (S.kep) pada program studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Dengan ini perkenankanlah saya mengucapkan
terima kasih yang sebesar – besarnya dengan hati yang tulus kepada :
1. Bapak Faqih Ruhyanudin M.Kep, Sp. KMB selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu
Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dan selaku Dosen
Pembimbing I, terimakasih telah memberikan arahan dan masukan yang
sangat berguna serta memberikan motivasi selama penyusunan skripsi ini.
2. Ibu Nur Lailatul Masruroh S.Kep,Ns, MNS selaku Ketua Program Studi
Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah
Malang.
3. Edi Purwanto, S.Kep., Ns., Mng selaku pembimbing II. Terimakasih atas
semua ilmu, masukan dan motivasi yang telah diberikan.
4. Bapak Zahid Fikri, S.Kep.,Ns.,M.Kep selaku Dosen Wali Program Studi
Ilmu Keperawatan – PSIK C 2015.
5. Seluruh Dosen, staff Lab dan staff TU Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan
yang telah memberikan ilmunya.
6. Kedua orang tua saya, terimakasih karena tiada henti untuk selalu
mendoakan dan menyemangati mulai dari awal perkuliahan hingga proses
penyelesaian skripsi.
Serta semua pihak yang telah membntu dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Mohon
maaf atas segalah kesalahan dan ketidaksopanan yang mungkin tela saya perbuat.
Semoga Allah SWT senantiasa memudahkan setiap langkah-langkah kita menuju
kebaikan dan selalu menganugerahkan kasih sayang-Nya untuk kita semua
Malang, 26 September 2019
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
SAMPUL DALAM .............................................................................................. i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... ii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN ................................ iii KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xii DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..............................................................................1 1.1 Latar Belakang............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 6 1.3 Tujuan ............................................................................................................ 6 1.3.1 Tujuan Umum .................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ................................................................................... 6 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................ 7 1.4.1 Manfaat Bagi Peneliti ........................................................................ 7 1.4.2 Manfaat Bagi Masyarakat .................................................................. 7 1.4.3 Manfaat Bagi Pelayanan Kesehatan ................................................ 7 1.5 Keaslian Penelitian ....................................................................................... 7 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................... 11 2.1 Konsep Gizi Pada Balita ...........................................................................11 2.1.1 Definisi Gizi .....................................................................................11 2.1.2 Status Gizi .........................................................................................13 2.1.3 Klasifikasi Status Gizi .....................................................................14 2.1.4 Penilaian Status Gizi ........................................................................16 2.2 Konsep Stunting ...........................................................................................18 2.2.1 Definisi Stunting ..............................................................................18 2.2.2 Etiologi Stunting ................................................................................19 2.2.3 Faktor-faktor Stunting ......................................................................19 2.3 Penilaian Stunting dengan Antropometri .................................................30 2.3.1 Indikator Antropometri ..................................................................30 2.3.2 Interpretasi Hasil Antropometri ....................................................33 2.4 Gejala Stunting..............................................................................................34 2.4.1 Upaya Pencegahan Stunting .............................................................34 2.5 Indikator Stunting ........................................................................................36 2.6 Pengertian ASI ............................................................................................38 2.6.1 Kandungan ASI ...............................................................................39 2.6.2 Jenis-jenis ASI ..................................................................................43 2.6.3 Manfaat dan Keunggulan ASI........................................................45 2.7 Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan Kejadian Stunting ..........47
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BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN .......... 52 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ......................................................................................52 3.2 Penjelasan Kerangka Konsep ...................................................................54 3.3 Hipotesis Penelitian ....................................................................................55 BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN ............................................................... 56 4.1 Desain Penelitian .......................................................................................56 4.2 Kerangka Penelitian ...................................................................................57 4.3 Populasi, Teknik Sampling dan Sampel Penelitian ................................59 4.3.1 Populasi Penelitian ...........................................................................59 4.3.2 Teknik Sampling ..............................................................................59 4.3.3 Sampel Penelitian .............................................................................59 4.4 Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................................60 4.4.1 Variabel Bebas (Independen) .........................................................60 4.4.2 Variabel Terikat (Dependen) .........................................................60 4.5 Definisi Operasional .................................................................................61 4.6 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian .................................................................62 4.7 Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................................63 4.7.1 Kuesioner Karakteristik .................................................................63 4.7.2 Kuesioner ASI Eksklusif ...............................................................63 4.7.3 Pengukuran Stunting .........................................................................64 4.7.4 Microtoise ...........................................................................................65 4.8 Uji Validitas dan Uji Reliabilitas ..............................................................65 4.8.1 Uji Validitas .....................................................................................65 4.8.2 Uji Reliabilitas .................................................................................65 4.9 Pengumpulan Data .....................................................................................66 4.9.1 Tahap Persiapan ..............................................................................66 4.9.2 Tahap Pelaksanaan .........................................................................67 4.9.3 Tahap Pengolahan Data ................................................................67 4.10 Analisa Data ...............................................................................................69 4.10.1 Analisa Univariate ............................................................................69 4.10.2 Analisa Bivariate ..............................................................................70 4.11 Etika Penelitian .........................................................................................71 BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA ............................ 74 5.1 Karakteristik Responden ...........................................................................74 5.1.1 Data Umum .....................................................................................74 5.1.2 Data Khusus ....................................................................................75 5.2 Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................................76 5.2.1 ASI Eksklusif dan Stunting .............................................................76 5.2.2 Tabulasi Silang ASI Eksklusif dan Stunting .................................76 5.3 Analisis Penelitian .......................................................................................77 BAB VI PEMBAHASAN ............................................................................... 78 6.1 Identifikasi ASI Eksklusif ..........................................................................78 6.2 Identifikasi Stunting .....................................................................................81 6.3 Analisis Hubungan ASI Eksklusif dengan Stunting ................................82
6.4 Keterbatasan Penelitian .............................................................................85 6.2 Implikasi Keperawatan ..............................................................................85
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BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN PENUTUP .................................................. 87
7.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................87 7.2 Saran .............................................................................................................87
7.2 .1 Bagi Masyarakat ............................................................................87 7.2 .2 Bagi Petugas Kesehatan atau Kader Wilayah ...........................88 7.2 .3 Bagi Peneliti Selanjutnya ..............................................................88
Daftar Pustaka ......................................................................................................................89 Daftar Lampiran ....................................................................................................................93
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Kategori dan Ambang Batas Status Gizi Anak Berdasarkan Indeks PB/U atau TB/U ..........................................................................................................37
Tabel 2.2 Tinggi Badan dan Berat Badan Rata-rata Anak Umur 0-6 Tahun .............38 Tabel 4.3 Definisi Operasional .........................................................................................62 Tabel 5.1 Distribusi Frekuensi Umur, Pendidikan dan Pekerjaan Ibu .........................74 Tabel 5.2 Distribusi frekuensi berdasarkan pada Usia, BB Lahir dan Jenis Kelamin
Balita ....................................................................................................................75 Tabel 5.3 Distribusi Frekuensi Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan Kejadian Stunting .......76 Tabel 5.4 Tabulasi Silang Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan Kejadian
Stunting ..................................................................................................................76 Tabel 5.5 Analisa Data Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan Kejadian
Stunting ..................................................................................................................77
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ..........................................................................................53 Gambar 4.1 Kerangka Penelitian .......................................................................................58
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Inform Consent .................................................................................................93 Lampiran 2 Kuesioner Penelitian ....................................................................................94 Lampiran 3 Surat Ketersediaan Menjadi Pembimbing I .............................................96 Lampiran 4 Surat Ketersediaan Menjadi Pembimbing II ............................................97 Lampiran 5 Lembar ACC Judul skripsi FIKES UMM .................................................98 Lampiran 6 Lembar Konsultasi Pembimbing I ............................................................99 Lampiran 7 Lembar Konsultasi Pembimbing II ........................................................ 100 Lampiran 8 Hasil Deteksi Plagiasi Seminar Proposal Skripsi .................................. 103 Lampiran 9 Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian ........................................................ 105 Lampiran 10 Data Umum ............................................................................................... 106 Lampiran 11 Distribusi Frekuensi Kejadian Stunting dan ASI Eksklusif .................. 108 Lampiran 12 Hasil Uji Chi Square .................................................................................... 109 Lampiran 13 Hasil Kuesioner ........................................................................................... 110 Lampiran 14 Data Balita ................................................................................................... 114 Lampiran 15 Dokumentasi Penelitian ............................................................................. 116 Lampiran Daftar Riwayat Hidup .................................................................................... 117
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DAFTAR SINGKATAN
MDG’S : Millenium Development Goals
WHO : World Health Organization
WHO-NCHS : World Health Organization-Nationa Center for Health Statistics
TB/U : Tinggi Badan menurut Umur
PB/U : Panjang Badan menurut Umur
IMT : Indeks Massa Tubuh
SD : Standar Deviasi
KEK : Kekurangan Energi Kronis
LILA : Lingkar Lengan Atas
PSG : Pemantauan Status Gizi
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