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2. Medium Pertumbuhan

Agroindustrial Technology – Brawijaya University

1. Prof. Dr. Ir. Wignyanto, MS2. Dr.Ir. Nur Hidayat, MP3. Irnia Nurika, STP, MP, PhD.4. Sri Suhartini, STP, M.Env.Man. PhD5. Suprayogi, STP, MP, PhD

Pendahuluan

• Menentukan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan oleh mikroorgansimepada dasarnya identik dengan mengetahui komposisi sel. Halini disebabkan nutrisi dibutuhkan oleh sel mikroorganismeuntuk tumbuh dan berkembang.

• Unsur yang paling banyak dibutuhkan oleh mikroorganismesecara umum disebut dengan makroelemen yang mencakupkarbon, oksigen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, fosfor, kalium,kalsium, magnesium dan besi.

• Selain makronutrien dikenal pula mikronutrien yaitu nutrienyang dibutuhkan dalam jumlah kecil/sedikit. Contoh mikronutrien adalah mangan, seng, kobalt, molybdenum, nikel dantembaga

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Tipe mikroorganisme

Tipe mikroorganisme

berdasar nutrisi utama

Carbon and Nitrogen

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Carbon and Nitrogen

Other Macronutrients: P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Na

Micronutrients: Iron and Other Trace Metals

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Micronutrients: Iron and Other Trace Metals

• Growth factors are organic compounds that, like trace metals, are requiredin only very small amounts.

• Growth factors are vitamins, amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, or variousother organic molecules.

• Although most microorganisms are able to biosynthesize the growth factorsthey need, some must obtain one or more of them from the environmentand thus must be supplied with these compounds when cultured in thelaboratory.

• Vitamins are the most commonly required growth factors.

• Most vitamins function as coenzymes, which are non protein components ofenzymes.

• Vitamin requirements vary among microorganisms, ranging from none toseveral. Lactic acid bacteria, which include the genera Streptococcus,Lactobacillus, and Leuconostoc, are renowned for their many vitaminrequirements, which are even more extensive than those of humans (seeTable 4.2).

Micronutrients: Growth Factors

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Kebutuhan vitamin

Culture Media

• Culture media are the nutrient solutions used to growmicroorganisms in the laboratory

• Classes of Culture Media : Defined Media and ComplexMedia

• Defined media are prepared by adding precise amounts ofhighly purified inorganic or organic chemicals to distilledwater

• Complex media employ digests of microbial, animal orplant products, such as casein (milk protein), beef (beefextract), soy-beans (tryptic soy broth), yeast cells (yeastextract), or any of a number of other highly nutritious yetimpure substances.

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• An enriched medium, often used for the culture ofotherwise difficult-to-grow nutritionally demanding(fastidious) microorganisms, starts with a complex baseand is embellished with additional nutrients such asserum, blood, or other highly nutritious substances

• A selective medium contains compounds that inhibitthe growth of some microorganisms but not others.

• Differential media are quite useful for distinguishingdifferent species of bacteria and are therefore widelyused in clinical diagnostics and systematic microbiology

Nutritional Requirements and Biosynthetic Capacity

• The complex medium is easiest to prepare and supports growth ofboth of the chemoorganotrophs, Escherichia coli and Leuconostocmesenteroides, the examples used in the table.

• However, the simple defined medium supports growth of E. Coli butnot of L. mesenteroides.

• Growth of the latter organism, a fastidious (nutritionally demanding)bacterium, in a defined medium requires the addition of severalnutrients not needed by E. coli.

• By contrast, E. Coli can synthesize everything it needs from a singlecarbon compound, in this case, glucose.

• The nutritional needs of L. mesenteroides can be satisfied bypreparing either a highly supplemented defined medium, a ratherlaborious under-taking because of all the individual nutrients thatneed to be added (Table 4.2), or by preparing a complex medium, amuch less demanding operation.

Media Kultur

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Contoh medium komplek

Tugas individu

Tulis media pertumbuhan

1. Sintetik

2. Kompleks

3. Cair

4. Padat

(dari jurnal berbahasa Inggris – lampirkan

jurnalnya).

Sebut mikroorganisme yang ditumbuhkan pada

media tersebut

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Thank You!