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EFEK TEH HIJAU TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH DAN DENYUT NADI

PASIEN PRA-EKSTRAKSI GIGI

SKRIPSI

Oleh:

RYAN ADE PUTRA KUSUMA NIM. 021211133046

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA BHMN

SURABAYA 2015

ADLN - PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

SKRIPSI EFEK TEH HIJAU ... RYAN ADE PUTRA KUSUMA



SKRIPSI

Oleh:



SURABAYA 2015

i





SKRIPSI

Diajukan sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Menyelesaikan Pendidikan Dokter Gigi di Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas

Airlangga Surabaya

Oleh:


Menyetujui,

Pembimbing Utama

R. Aries Muharram, drg., Mkes., Sp.BMNIP.196904051996011001

Pembimbing Serta

Achmad Harijadi, drg., MS., Sp.BM NIP.195211301978021001


SURABAYA 2015

ii



PENETAPAN PANITIA PENGUJI SKRIPSI

SKRIPSI ini diuji pada tanggal 1 Februari 2016

PANITIA PENGUJI SKRIPSI

1. Herdi Eko Pranjoto drg., SU., Sp.BM (ketua penguji)

2. Mohamad Lukman Bahar, drg., M.Kes (sekretaris penguji)

3. R. Soesanto, drg., M.Kes., Sp.BM (K) (penguji)

4. R. Aries Muharram, drg., M.Kes., Sp.BM (pembimbing utama)

5. Achmad Harijadi, drg., MS., Sp.BM

iii



UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH

Segala puji bagi Allah SWT yang telah memberikan berkah dan rahmat-

Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Efek Teh Hijau

Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah dan Denyut Nadi Pasien Pra-Ekstraksi

Gigi” dengan t epat waktu untuk memenuhi s alah satu s yarat ke lulusan pr ogram

Strata 1 P endidikan D okter G igi di F akultas K edokteran Gigi U niversitas

Airlangga. D alam k esempatan in i, p enulis in gin me nyampaikan te rima k asih

kepada:

1. Dr. R . D armawan S etijanto, dr g., M .Kes selaku de kan Fakultas

Kedokteran G igi U niversitas A irlangga yang t elah m emberi k esempatan

untuk m enempuh p endidikan di Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi U niversitas

Airlangga.

2. Prof. R M C oen Pramono D , dr g., S U., S p.BM (K), F ICS s elaku de kan

Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga periode 2010-2015 yang

telah m emberi ke sempatan unt uk m enempuh pe ndidikan di F akultas

Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga.

3. Roberto M anahan Y antje S imanjuntak, dr g., Sp. B M selaku Kepala

Departemen Bedah Mulut dan Maksilofasial.

4. Herdi Eko Pranjoto, drg., SU., Sp.BM selaku Kepala Departemen Bedah

Mulut dan Maksilofasialperiode 2010-2015 sekaligus ketua panitia penguji

skripsi.

5. R. Aries Muharram, drg., Mkes., Sp.BM selaku Dosen Pembimbing I dan

Achmad H arijadi, dr g., MS., S pBM s elaku D osen P embimbing II, yang

iv



telah meluangkan waktunya untuk memberikan bimbingan dan arahannya

dalam menyusun naskah skripsi ini sehingga terselesaikan dengan baik.

6. M. Lukman Bahar, drg., Mkes selaku sekretaris panitia penguji skripsi dan

R. Soesanto, dr g., M Kes., S pBM selaku a nggota pe nguji s kripsi yang

telah b anyak m emberikan m asukan yang b ermanfaat d alam p enyusunan

naskah skripsi.

7. Keluarga t ercinta, M ama Tuminah dan P apa Karwin yang s elalu s abar

mendengarkan keluh kesah dan tidak pernah berhenti mendoakan, kakak-

kakakku, Putri, Habib, dan Dinda, serta seluruh keluarga besar yang selalu

memberikan dukungan dalam pembuatan naskah skripsi.

8. Teman-temanku yang s elalu m emberikan m otivasi unt uk m emberikan

yang terbaik dalam pembuatan skripsi ini.

9. Semua p ihak yang t elah m embantu d alam p enyelesaian p enelitian u ntuk

skripsi yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu.

Penulis m enyadari ba hwa s kripsi i ni m asih j auh da ri s empurna, ol eh

karena i tu, kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat diharapkan. Semoga skripsi

ini memberikan manfaat bagi semua pihak yang memerlukan.

Surabaya, Januari 2016

Penulis

v



EFEK TEH HIJAU TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH DAN DENYUT NADIPASIEN PRA-EKSTRAKSI GIGI

THE EFFECT OF GREEN TEA ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND PULSE RATE OFPRE-TOOTH EXTRACTION PATIENT

ABSTRACT

Background: Tea i s a d rink t hat c ommonly consumed by I ndonesian people. One k ind of t ea which hav e hi gh benefit i s gr een t ea. G reen t ea has c ompounds t hat w ork on a blood ves sel through a bl ockade of α-1 r eceptor a drenergic by i nhibiting t he s ecretion of a drenaline an d noradrenaline. That process can cause vasodilation of blood vessels that can lower blood pressure and p ulse rate. Pre-extraction patients hav e p hysiological s ymptoms, t here ar e: i ncreasing of blood pressure and pulse rate. Autonomic nervous system are affected by fear will pass it to the medulla adr enaline, s o t hat t he s ecretion of c atecholamines i n t he m edulla adr enaline w ill increase, i t ca n cause v asoconstriction of t he ar teries and as t rigger a he art r ate and he art constriction. So, that process can increased blood pressure and pulse rate. Purpose:Find out the effects of green tea against the value of blood pressure and pul se rate in pre-extraction patients. Methods: The sample group was the control group with the pure water and t he treatment group with th e p rovision of green t ea s teeping. M easurement of bl ood pr essure and pulse r ate done twice. T he fir st m easurements a fter th e p atients w ere gi ven i nformed c onsent an d a s econd measurement af ter 30 m inutes of dr inking gr een t ea steeping. Result:provision of g reen t ea stepping can decreaseblood pressure and pulse rate in pre-extractionpatients. Conclusion: Green tea stepping have a significant effect to decrease blood pressure and pulse rate.

Keywords: green tea, blood pressure, pulse rate, tooth extraction

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DAFTAR ISI

Sampul Dalam .......................................................................................................... i

Prasyarat Gelar/Persetujuan .................................................................................... ii

Penetapan Panitia Penguji ...................................................................................... iii

Ucapan Terima Kasih ............................................................................................. iv

Abstract .................................................................................................................. vi

Daftar Isi................................................................................................................ vii

Daftar Gambar ......................................................................................................... x

Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................................... xi

Daftar Lampiran .................................................................................................... xii

BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................... 3

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................................... 3

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ............................................................................................. 3

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus ............................................................................................. 3

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................... 3

1.4.1. Manfaat Teoritis .......................................................................................... 3

1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis ........................................................................................... 3

BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................... 4

2.1. Teh Hijau ..................................................................................................... 4

2.1.1. Taksonomi ................................................................................................... 4

2.1.2. Morfologi Tanaman Teh Hijau ................................................................... 5

2.1.3. Kandungan Teh Hijau ................................................................................. 5

2.1.3.1. L-Theanine ........................................................................................... 5

2.1.3.2. Polifenol dan EGCG............................................................................. 6

2.1.3.3. Kafein ................................................................................................... 9

2.1.4. Manfaat Teh Hijau .................................................................................... 10

2.2. Tekanan Darah .......................................................................................... 11

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2.2.1. Pengertian Tekanan Darah ........................................................................ 11

2.2.2. Pengukuran Tekanan Darah ...................................................................... 11

2.2.2.1. Tekanan Darah Rendah ...................................................................... 12

2.2.2.2. Tekanan Darah Tinggi ........................................................................ 12

2.2.3. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tekanan Darah ............................................. 13

2.2.3.1. Usia..................................................................................................... 13

2.2.3.2. Jenis Kelamin .................................................................................... 13

2.2.3.3. Psikologis ........................................................................................... 14

2.3. Denyut Nadi .............................................................................................. 15

2.3.1. Pengukuran Denyut Nadi ................................................................... 15

2.3.2. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Denyut Nadi .......................................... 16

2.3.2.1 . Usia..................................................................................................... 16

2.3.2.2. Jenis Kelamin ..................................................................................... 17

2.3.2.3. Rokok dan Kafein............................................................................... 17

2.4. Mekanisme Fisiologi Peningkatan Tekanan darah dan Denyut Nadi ....... 17

2.5. Ekstraksi Gigi ............................................................................................ 20

2.5.1. Definisi ..................................................................................................... 20

2.5.2. Indikasi ..................................................................................................... 21

2.5.3. Kontraindikasi ........................................................................................... 22

BAB 3. KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN ... 24

3.1. Kerangka Konsep ...................................................................................... 24

3.2. Deskripsi Konseptual ................................................................................ 25

3.3. Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................................... 26

BAB 4. METODE PENELITIAN ...................................................................... 27

4.1. Jenis Penelitian .......................................................................................... 27

4.2. Sampel Penelitian ...................................................................................... 27

4.2.1. Kriteria Sampel Penelitian ........................................................................ 27

4.2.2. Teknik Pengambilan Sampel Penelitian .................................................... 27

4.2.3. Besar Sampel Penelitian ............................................................................ 28

4.3. Tempat Penelitian ...................................................................................... 28

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4.4. Variabel Penelitian .................................................................................... 28

4.4.1. Variabel Bebas .......................................................................................... 28

4.4.2. Variabel Terikat ......................................................................................... 29

4.4.3. Variabel Terkendali ................................................................................... 29

4.5. Definisi Operasional .................................................................................. 29

4.6. Alat dan Bahan .......................................................................................... 30

4.6.1. Bahan-bahan .............................................................................................. 30

4.6.2. Alat-alat ..................................................................................................... 30

4.7. Prosedur Penelitian .................................................................................... 30

4.7.1. Membuat Seduhan Teh .............................................................................. 30

4.7.2. Cara Kerja Penelitian ................................................................................ 31

4.8. Analisis Data ............................................................................................. 31

4.9. Alur Penelitian ............................................................................................ 32

BAB 5. ANALISIS HASIL PENELITIAN ....................................................... 33

5.1. Data Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................. 33

5.2. AnalisisHasil Penelitian ............................................................................ 34

BAB 6. PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................................... 36

BAB 7. SIMPULAN DAN SARAN .................................................................... 40

7.1. Simpulan .................................................................................................... 40

7.2. Saran .......................................................................................................... 40

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 42

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Daun Teh Hijau .................................................................................. 5

Gambar 2.2 Struktur EGCG ................................................................................... 8

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 5.1. Nilai r erata s tandar d eviasi n ilai p erubahan p ada k elompok

penelitian peminum teh ............................................................. 34

Tabel 5.2. Nilai signifikansi hail uji Kolmogorov Smirnov ....................... 35

Tabel 5.3. Tabel Hasil uji paired sample t-test .......................................... 36

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Sertifikat Laik Etik

Lampiran 2. Informed Consent

Lampiran 3. Alat dan Bahan Penelitian

Lampiran 4 Uji Fotokimia Teh Hijau

Lampiran 5 Data Hasil Penelitian

Lampiran 6. Hasil Perhitungan Statistik Data Penelitian menggunakan SPSS

xii



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