tugas hofstede

8/17/2019 Tugas hofstede

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What about Indonesia?

If we explore Indonesian culture through the lens of the 6-D Model©, we can get a good

overview of the deep drivers of Indonesian culture relative to other world cultures.

Power Distance

This dimension deals with the fact that all individuals in societies are not equal it

expresses the attitude of the culture towards these inequalities amongst us. !ower

Distance is de"ned as the extent to which the less powerful members of

institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is

distributed unequally.

Indonesia scores high on this dimension #score of $%& which means that the following

characterises the Indonesian st'le( )eing dependent on hierarch', unequal rights

*etween power holders and non power holders, superiors in-accessi*le, leaders are

directive, management controls and delegates. !ower is centrali+ed and managers count

on the o*edience of their team mem*ers. mplo'ees expect to *e told what to do and

when. ontrol is expected and managers are respected for their position. ommunication

is indirect and negative feed*ac hidden. /igh !ower Distance also means that



Indonesian co-worers would expect to *e clearl' directed *' the *oss or manager it is

the classic 0uru-1tudent ind of d'namic that applies to Indonesia. 2esterners ma' *e

considera*l' surprised with the visi*le, sociall' accepta*le, wide and unequal disparit'

*etween the rich and poor .

Individualism

The fundamental issue addressed *' this dimension is the degree of

interdependence a society maintains among its members. It has to do with

whether people3s self-image is de"ned in terms of 4I5 or 42e5. In Individualist societies

people are supposed to loo after themselves and their direct famil' onl'. In ollectivist

societies people *elong to in groups7 that tae care of them in exchange for lo'alt'.

Indonesia, with a low score of #89& is a ollectivist societ'. This means there is a high

preference for a strongl' de"ned social framewor in which individuals are expected to

conform to the ideals of the societ' and the in-groups to which the' *elong. :ne place

this is visi*le clearl' is in the aspect of the ;amil' in the role of relationships. ;or

example, In Indonesia, if one wishes to marr', it is important to meet a woman7s famil'

*ecause the famil' is so important to her. If a man wants to *e taen seriousl' *' a

woman, he has to visit the latter<s famil' and introduce himself formall' to the parents of

the girl. It is inappropriate to court a woman and formali+e the relationship without

informing the parents of the girl "rst. =nother example of collectivist culture of Indonesia

is in the equation *etween child and parent

Indonesian children are committed to their parents, as are the parents committed to

them all their growing lives. Their desire is to mae their parents< life easier. There is adesire to tae care of parents and give them support in their old age. There is an =sian

sa'ing that is accepted in Indonesia, >?ou can get another wife or hus*and *ut not

another mother or father>. This famil' lo'alt' is also apparent in the fact that Indonesian

families eep elders #such as grandparents& at home instead of sending them to an'

institution. In Individualist societies the focus is on the nuclear famil' onl'.

Masculinity

= high score #Masculine& on this dimension indicates that the societ' will *e driven *'

competition, achievement and success, with success *eing de"ned *' the winner @ *est

in "eld a value s'stem that starts in school and continues throughout organisationallife.

= low score #;eminine& on the dimension means that the dominant values in societ' are

caring for others and qualit' of life. = ;eminine societ' is one where qualit' of life is the

sign of success and standing out from the crowd is not admira*le. The fundamental

issue here is what motivates people, wanting to be the best (Masculine) or

liking what you do (eminine).

Indonesia scores #96& on this dimension and is thus considered low Masculine. 2hile not

entirel' lie most Aorth uropean countries who are ver' low in Masculinit' and thus

considered ;eminine, Indonesia is less Masculine than some other =sian countries lie Bapan, hina and India. In Indonesia status and visi*le s'm*ols of success are important



*ut it is not alwa's material gain that *rings motivation. :ften it is the position that a

person holds which is more important to them *ecause of an Indonesian concept called

4gengsi5 loosel' translated to *e, 4outward appearances5. It is important that the

4gengsi5 *e strongl' maintained there*' proCecting a dierent outward appearance

aimed at impressing and creating the aura of status.

In ;eminine countries the focus is on 4woring in order to live5, managers strive for

consensus, people value equalit', solidarit' and qualit' in their woring lives. onEicts

are resolved *' compromise and negotiation. Incentives such as free time and Eexi*ilit'

are favoured. ;ocus is on well-*eing, status is not shown. =n eective manager is a

supportive one, and decision maing is achieved through involvement. In contrast,

Masculine countries and to an extent lower Masculine countries that do not score too low

on the scale to *e called ;eminine countries, displa' the traits of the Masculine societies

*ut in a lesser degree.

Uncertainty Avoidance

The dimension Fncertaint' =voidance has to do with the wa' that a societ' deals with

the fact that the future can never *e nown( should we tr' to control the future or Cust let

it happenG This am*iguit' *rings with it anxiet' and dierent cultures have learnt to deal

with this anxiet' in dierent wa's. The extent to which the members of a culture

feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs

and institutions that try to avoid these is reEected in the score on Fncertaint'

=voidance.

Indonesia scores #9%& on this dimension and thus has a low preference for avoiding

uncertaint'. This means that there is a strong preference in Indonesia toward the Bavanese culture of separation of internal self from external self. 2hen a person is upset,

it is ha*itual for the Indonesian not to show negative emotion or anger externall'. The'

will eep smiling and *e polite, no matter how angr' the' are inside. This also means

that maintaining wor place and relationship harmon' is ver' important in Indonesia, and

no one wishes to *e the transmitter of *ad or negative news or feed*ac. =nother

aspect of this dimension can *e seen in onEict resolution. Direct ommunication as a

method of conEict resolution is often seen to *e a threatening situation and one that the

Indonesian is uncomforta*le in. = tried and tested, successful method of conEict

diusion or resolution is to tae the more familiar route of using a third part'

intermediar', which has man' *ene"ts. It permits the exchange of views without loss of face as well as since one of the main manifestations of Indonesia7s Fncertaint'

=voidance is to maintain the appearance of harmon' in the worplaceH an intermediar'

removes the uncertaint' associated with a confrontation.

!erhaps one ver' e' phrase in Indonesia that descri*es how this wors is 4=sal )apa

1enang5 #eep the )oss /app'&. The reason is multifoldH *ut if 'ou extrapolate to F=I

dimension 'ou can see that eeping the *oss happ' means 'ou will *e rewarded and if

'ou are rewarded 'ou have no economic or status uncertaint' as 'ou will eep *eing a

valua*le mem*er of the compan'.

Long Term Orientation



This dimension descri*es how every society has to maintain some links with its

own past while dealing with the challenges of the present and future, and

societies prioritise these two existential goals dierentl'. Aormative societies. which

score low on this dimension, for example, prefer to maintain time-honoured traditions

and norms while viewing societal change with suspicion. Those with a culture which

scores high, on the other hand, tae a more pragmatic approach( the' encourage thrift

and eorts in modern education as a wa' to prepare for the future.

Indonesia<s high score of 6J indicates that it has a pragmatic culture. In societies with a

pragmatic orientation, people *elieve that truth depends ver' much on situation, context

and time. The' show an a*ilit' to adapt traditions easil' to changed conditions, a strong

propensit' to save and invest, thriftiness, and perseverance in achieving results.

Indulgence

:ne challenge that confronts humanit', now and in the past, is the degree to which small

children are sociali+ed. 2ithout sociali+ation we do not *ecome 4human5. This dimension

is de"ned as the extent to which people try to control their desires and

impulses, *ased on the wa' the' were raised. Kelativel' wea control is called

4Indulgence5 and relativel' strong control is called 4Kestraint5. ultures can, therefore,

*e descri*ed as Indulgent or Kestrained.

The low score of L% in this dimension shows that Indonesia has a culture of Kestraint.

1ocieties with a low score in this dimension have a tendenc' to c'nicism and pessimism.

=lso, in contrast to Indulgent societies, Kestrained societies do not put much emphasis

on leisure time and control the grati"cation of their desires. !eople with this orientation

have the perception that their actions are Kestrained *' social norms and feel that

indulging themselves is somewhat wrong.

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