tugas akhir konsbang

8/10/2019 Tugas Akhir Konsbang

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Table of Contents

Preface

Table of ContentsChapter I Preliminary

I.1 Abstract

I.2 Background

I.3 Problem Analysis

I.4 Objective

I.5 Writing Benefit

Chapter II Healthy House

II.1 Definition

II.2 Criteria

II.3 Standards and Rules

II.4 Construction Methods

II.5 Earthquake Resistant Buildings for Residential Housing

Chapter III Result Analysis

III.1 Current House Condition

III.2 Comparison with Healthy House

Chapter IV Analysis and Renovation Suggestions

IV.1 Sample House Analysis

IV.2 Proposed of Home Improvements

Chapter V Conclusion

Bill of Quantities

Attachments

References


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CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

I.1 Abstract

A healthy house is the physical, chemical, and biological condition in the house which

allows its occupants to obtain optimal health. It is a home where it meets the spiritual and

physical needs appropriately as a place for living or shelter from outdoor disturbances. In

order to measure whether our object house meets the requirements, we observed every

aspect of the house.

A healthy house does not only refer to whether the size of the house is big enough, but

we also consider its external and internal aspects too. Referring to it, here we took a small

example of where the room arrangement in the house was terribly wrong. This means the

faulty in the construction of the house all can be seen so very clearly. When we look at

other aspects, this house is considered as an unhealthy house.

I.2 Background

Housing is one of the primary needs for every human being and is essential for the day-

to-day basis. Housing spaces evolves from time to time beginning with simple pre-

historic shelters, housing spaces have evolved to produce the vast multitude of living

accommodations available today. Different levels of wealth and power have warranted

various sizes, luxuries, and even defenses in a 'home'. Environmental considerations and

cultural influences have created an immensely diverse collection of architectural styles.

From castles to mud thatches, mansions to shanties, the 'home' has grown to represent a

seemingly limitless array of structures.

A home is basically a place to let off steam after working all day, a place where you can

always go to despite everything that you have been through and where you will always

feel safe and secure. But how is it safe and secure if it is not accommodated by a healthy


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living space. This is one of the major issues of housings that may influence the lives of

people every day.

With the ever growing society by the increasing human population and also lack of

available grounds to build, starting from young families just starting out to empty nesters

looking to downsize, new demands on households are increasingly popular in todays

world. However, health problems often arise alongside these conditions. Hygiene and

environmental sanitation is one of the main factors of which a house can be determined

whether it is healthy or not.

A house must be build in a certain manner under certain circumstances properly as so it

will not result in any sort of disease nor to have a negative impact in the community. A

healthy and livable home does not have to take shape of a large luxurious and modest

home, but it can also be the common healthy standard house.

The meaning of a healthy house itself is a home that meets the spiritual and physical

needs appropriately as a place for living or shelter from outdoor disturbances. Physical

needs means that it fulfills activities such as reading, writing, and resting. Spiritual needs,

for example, protection against disease, weather, wind forces, and so on. Thus it can be

said that a healthy home is a home that meets the requirements for living so the whole

family can work productively. This means that a home that meets the requirements for a

healthy house refers that it also improves its functionality

I.3 Problem Analysis

In Indonesia, housing problems are still not yet solved by the un-eligible healthy housing

requirements defined by the government, although you must give credits for their efforts.

A house is often related to the economic, social, traditions or customs, ethnicity,

geography and local conditions of its location. These factors also determine the quality of

the housing environment. This includes its facilities and equipments which supports the

implementation of physical health, mental health, and social well-being for the individual

and families.


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There are differences in style, shape or housing circumstances between one society to

another, and it is usually influenced by several factors, namely:

1. Socioeconomic status communities; characterized by incomes. This can be

seen by the building materials that are used, the area of housing and so forth. It

is clear that a more prosperous society relatively will have better housing,

compared to the poor one.

2. Environmental factors, both the physical, biological or social. Residential

housing in big cities is of course different from residential housing in rural

areas.

3. Culture; Indonesia consists of a wide diversity of cultures. This then results in

the various housing models in the area it is in, and is in accordance with its

surrounding.

I.4 Objectives

a) Understanding the definition, requirements, criteria, and healthy house

standards and regulations defined by the government that should be applied in

building houses through the design process approach. This matter includes the

ability to analyze the condition of the house based on the measurement and

visualization of the building, the external aspects (environmental and

infrastructure), internal and physical aspects, engineering, and space aspects.

b) People can understand and learn about how houses should be healthy and the

benefits of healthy house.

c) Analyzing a house and giving suggestions on how to make it more efficient

and healthy.

d) Communities can apply it in their daily lives.

I.5 Writing Benefit

Learning how a healthy house is supposed to be.

Deepen the knowledge in building construction, especially in designing a healthy house.

Learning how to make Bill of Quantities.

This paper can be guidance for the future.


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CHAPTER II

HEALTHY HOUSE

II.1 Definition

These are the definitions of healthy house according to some institutions:

1. KEPMENKES RI NO. 829 / Menkes / SK / VII / 1989

A house is one of the basic needs of a human in which it functions as a place to live that

can be used to protect the occupants from climate disturbances and other living creatures,

also it functions as a place to develop a family.

2. WHO Commission on Health and Environment, 2001

A healthy house is a shelter and resting building as well as a means of fostering a family

that fosters a healthy life physically, mentally and socially, so the whole family can work

productively.

3. Winslow and American Public Health Association (APHA)

Healthy living is a place to stay permanently, serves as a place to live, rest, recreation

(relaxation) and shelter from environmental influences that did not meet the requirements

of the physiological, psychological, and is free of disease transmission and accidents.

4. Krieger and Higgins, 2002

Healthy housing cannot be separated from the availability of infrastructure and related

facilities, such as water supply, sanitation, waste disposal, transportation, and the

availability of social services.

II.2 Criteria

1.

American Public Health Association (APHA) Meet the basic physical needs. Among other things such as adequate lighting, has

lower temperature than the air outside the house, ventilation, and comfortable enough

room to maneuver to avoid disturbing noise (does not exceed 4555 decibels).


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Meet the psychological needs. Among other things such as sufficient privacy, and

provides a healthy communication between family members and residents of the

house.

Meet the requirements of the prevention of disease transmission between the house

occupants, namely the provision of clean water, feces and water management of

household waste, free of disease from vectors and rats, excessive residential density,

enough morning sun, sheltered from contamination of food and beverages, in addition

to lighting and enough room temperature.

Meet the requirements of prevention of accidents, both of which arise because of

circumstances outside and inside the home among other requirements demarcation

line roads, construction of which it will not be easy to collapse, non-flammable, and

does not tend to make the occupants falling or slipping.

2. Directorate General of Human Settlements (Ditjen Cipta Karya), 1997

A must-have component of a healthy home is:

1. A strong foundation to continue building loads to the sub-grade, to give the building

stability, and is a liaison between the construction of buildings to the ground;

2. Waterproof and damp floor, the minimum height of 10 cm and 25 cm from the yard of

the road, water-resistant material, for the stage can be made of boards or woven bamboo;

3. Have windows and doors that serves as ventilation and sunlight with a minimum of 10%

of floor area;

4. Impermeable walls of the house that serves to support the roof or prop roof, resistant

towards wind and rain, protects the inhabitants from the heat and dust outside, as well as

maintaining confidentiality (privacy) of the inhabitants;

5. Ceiling to withstand and absorb the heat of the sun, a minimum of 2.4 m from the floor,

can be made from boards, bamboo, plywood or gypsum;

6. The roof of the house which serves as a thermal barrier to sunlight and to protect the

entry of dust, wind and rain.

3. Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia


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No.829/Menkes/SK/VII/1999 (Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan (Kepmenkes) No.829/

Menkes/ SK/ VII/ 1999)

Several health and environmental requirements includes these following parameters:

1. Location

a. Not located in areas prone to natural disasters such as flood plains, lava flows,

landslides, tsunamis, earthquake areas, and so forth;

b. Not located in the area of the former landfills or mines

c. Not located in areas prone to accidents and fires areas like aviation runway.

2. Air Quality

Ambient air quality in residential neighborhoods should be free from the interference of

toxic gases and qualified environmental standards as follows:

a.

H2S and NH3 gases are biologically not detected;

b. Dust with a diameter of less than 10 g up to 150 g/m3;

c. Maximum of 0.10 ppm SO2 gas;

d. Maximum of 350 mm3/m2 per day.

3. Noise and Vibration

a. Recommended noise of 45 dB.A, and maximum noise of 55 dB.A

b. Vibration levels up to 10 mm / sec

4. Soil Quality in the Area of Housing and Settlement

a. Maximum content of Lead (Pb) of 300 mg / kg

b. Maximum content of Arsenic (As) of 100 mg / kg

c. Maximum content of Cadmium (Cd) of 20 mg / kg

d. Maximum content of Benzo(A)pyrene of 1 mg / kg

5. Environmental Infrastructure

a. Has a playground for children, family recreational facilities with a safe construction;

b. Has a drainage which is not a disease vector breeding place;

c.

Has neighborhood roads with road construction that does not interfere with the

provision of health, construction of pavement does not endanger pedestrians and

people with disabilities, all bridges must have a safety fence, street lights does not

flicker;

d. Enough clean water all the time with water quality that meets the health requirements;


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e. Management of disposal of excreta and household waste must meet health

requirements;

f. Has access to public health services, communication, work, recreation, places of

education, arts, and so forth;

g. The electrical installations arrangements should ensure the safety of occupants;

h. Place of food management (TPM) must ensure that no contamination can cause food

poisoning.

6. Vector-borne of Diseases

a. Flies index should be qualified;

b. Wiggler index below 5%.

7. Greening

Trees for greening neighborhoods are protectors and also serve to coolness, beauty and

nature.

Terms of residential health requirements are as follows:

1. Materials

a. Not made of materials that can release materials that can be harmful to health, such as:

total dust less than 150 g/m2, less than 0.5 asbestos fibers / m3 per 24 hours, Plumbum

(Pb) less than 300 mg / kg materials;

b. Not made of materials that can grow and cause the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.

2. Components and Arrangement of the Room

a. Waterproof and easy to clean floor;

b. Bathroom wall has ventilations, waterproof and easy to clean laundry room;

c. Easy to clean ceiling and is not prone to accidents;

d. Minimum 10 m rooftops with lightning rod;

e. Room is set up in accordance with its functions and purposes;

f.

The kitchen should have a smoke disposal facility.

3. Coruscation

Natural lighting and / or made directly or indirectly, can illuminate the whole room with a

minimum of 60 lux light intensity and does not flicker.

4. Air Quality


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a. Comfortable air temperature between 18-30 C;

b. Humidity 40-70%

c. SO2 gas is less than 0.10 ppm/24 hours;

d. Air exchange 5 feet 3/minute/occupant;

e. CO gas is less than 100 ppm / 8 hours;

f. Formaldehyde gas is less than 120 mg/m3.

5. Vent

Area of permanent natural ventilation holes at least 10% of floor space.

6. Vector-borne of Diseases

No flies, mosquitoes or rats nesting in the house.

7. Provision of Water

a.

Available water supply facilities with a capacity of at least 60 liters / person / day;

b. Water quality must meet the health requirements of clean water and / or drinking water

according to Permenkes 416 (1990) and Kepmenkes (2002)

8. Food Storage Facilities

Available safe food storage facility.

9. Waste Disposal

a. Liquid waste from households does not pollute water sources, odorless, and does not

contaminate the soil surface;

b. Solid waste must be managed properly in order not to cause odor, does not pollute the

soil surface and groundwater.

c. Density of Residential

Minimal bedroom space of 8 m2, not recommended for more than 2 people to sleep. The

above requirements also apply to condominiums, flats, home store, and home office in

residential zones. The regulations regarding the health requirements of housing and

neighborhoods are the responsibility of the developer or housing providers, and the

owner or occupant of the residence to the house.

II.3 Standards and Rules

As stated in Perda Depok No. 03/2006 article 3, that:


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Arrangements in building works are as follows:

1. Realizing functional buildings in accordance with the building procedures as well as it is

in harmony with the environment;

2.

Realizing an orderly administration building which warranties building technical

reliability in terms of safety, health, comfort, and easiness;

3. Embodies the rule of law in the administration building.

a) Basic Building Coefficient

According to Perda Depok no. 03/2006 about building and retribution of building permits

article 12 paragraph 1, that states: Referred to as the basic building coefficient (KDB) is the

coefficient of the ratio between floor area of the building and extensive plots / plot / block

allotment.

b) Building Floor Coefficient

According to Perda Depok no. 03/2006 about building and retribution of building permits

article 12 paragraph 1, that states: What is meant by the building floor coefficients (KLB) is

the coefficient of the ratio between the total area and spacious floor building plots / plot /

block allotment. Determination of KDB, outbreaks, and the height of the building in a

location in accordance with the layout and regulated by the City through urban design and

environmental planning (RTBL) and the Detailed Spatial Plan (RRTR).. From article 99

paragraphs 5, building floor coefficient is determined as follows:

And so every increase of 1 (one) floor will be plus 0.030. In the calculation of building


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height above, ground level does not exceed seven (7) meters is considered one floor, and so

on.

c) Building Demarcation Line

In accordance with Perda Depok no 18/ 2003 chapter V about building demarcation line

article 10, building demarcation line for parcels that do not plot the path set as follows:

1. surface plots are not a piece of the road surface when there is a height difference of more

than 1 (one half) meters;

2. provisions of the building demarcation line for the plots are not a piece of the road is the

same as building demarcation line on the surface of a piece with the road surface as

described in paragraph (3) of Article 4 of Regulation area.

*Article 4 will be defined on the paragraph below.

d)

Road Demarcation Line

In accordance with Perda Depok no 18/ 2003 chapter III about road demarcation line article

3,

1. The demarcation line set by its connectional function in a road network in the area.

2. Based on the its connectional functions, road network in the city include:

a. Primary Arterial Roads;

b. Secondary Arterial Road;

c. Collector Road Primary;

d. Secondary Collector Roads, and

e. Local roads.

Article 4

1) The lines established from the border road as the road to the left and right

of the road.

2) the border minimum distance line plot (elevation roads and buildings

alike) is calculated with the provisions damija (owned regional roads)

plus the distance according to the following table:


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3) For the line of demarcation (for all types of buildings) of the Toll Road

measured 15 feet from the highway fence plus damija the service (if any).

5) In case of road widening which resulted in changes in the function

of the road, the line determined the demarcation would be of the

applicable provisions in paragraph 2 of this article.6) If the widening of the road has resulted in a significant reduction in

the width of parcel demarcation and conditions referred to in

paragraph (2) of this article, then apply the exception to the

approval of the Mayor.


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Article 5

Demarcation line inspection path specified five (5) feet from the road.

Article 6

1) The demarcation line intersection plot (elevation roads and parcels alike) is in

accordance with Article 4, paragraph (2) of this area, plus the value of

distance are as follows:

2) For the intersection of different width / function, the line demarcation will be

determined by the way of each function;

3)

Demarcation line are drawn on road junctions following a line or any street infront of it;

4) The width of the affected demarcation line plots is measured from the point of

intersection (the meeting point of the line belongs to the region) as far as the

same width of the area which belongs to the road (damija);

5) If there is a difference wide area which belongs to the road, then the value


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followed is the owned regional value.

Article 7

Demarcation line is not a piece of road intersections are as follows:

1. Determination of the demarcation line follows the rules on the plot

intersection referred to in Article 6 paragraph (1), plus the difference in

height between the two surfaces, which starts and ends of prefixes and

suffixes that are way above the other;

2. For side-street intersections include (veer) is parallel to the line following

the curve as a road made of both as road intersects with the border

adjusted that distance smaller roads that meet the demarcation line is

greater.

Article 8

1) The land includes land in the City area controlled by the City.

2) Land owned by a person or entity affected by the road widening lands

controlled by the Government under the provisions of the applicable

legislation.

e) Side Clearance Lines (border side)

Side Clearance Lines (border side) on the singular structure / loose and tenuous, the

parent building must have clearances to limit yard located on the side. In building

consecution additional meetings may be constructed with side yard boundary walls

which are leading at a distance at least 2 times the distance between the GSB and GSJ

accordance with applicable requirements. While the line spacing between buildings

with independent side yard boundary is determined by the type of buildings and land

parcels locals. The area is free of side width x length side clearance distance between

the GSB and GSJ specified. Goal line clearances side is intended to meet the

requirements of health, comfort, and beauty considering the humid tropical climate

factors in Indonesia with characteristic air temperature is high, a large rainfall, the sun

angle is great and others. So with the possible side clearances:


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Good air circulation in the room to reduce heat and moisture.

Direct sunlight into the house (in the morning) for health

The width of the roof eaves are sufficient to protect the building from sun and rain

splashed.

f) Outline Free Distance Rear

Outline Free Distance Rear (GBJB) is the boundary wall behind the house to the

back fence. Baseline length is determined according to the type of buildings and land

parcels local environment. In the backyard of a parcel may be established succession

buildings (pavilion), the origin of the building they will not crowd out the entire

backyard. Goal line clearances rear: allow air circulation and direct sunlight into the

room, allowing the landscaping in the back yard to the coolness and beauty of the

house, to avoid / prevent the spread of fire hazards, in the event of a fire, as a service

(clothesline), etc., so it wont damage the front view of the house, secure against

theft, and as a recreation / play the occupants of the house. (Ir.Toni Sudjaja,

M.Arch.Eng).

g) Ratio between Floor Area and Occupant

According to SNI 03-1733-2004 about environmental planning procedures, to determine theaverage minimum area (one story house) of land plot is based on the factors of human life

(activities), natural factors and building regulations. Minimum floor area per person can be

calculated with the formula:

Based on the events that occurred in residential homes, namely bed (the bedroom), cooking,

eating (kitchen), shower (bathroom), sitting (sitting / living room), the need for fresh air per adult

per hour 16-24 m3 and per child per hour 8-12 m3, with a change of air in the room as much as 2


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times per hour and an average ceiling height of 2.5 m, the floor area per person (from Reference

data Architect, Neufert, Ernst, Volume I-II):

Good ventilation in the room must have other requirements, including:

1. Wide ventilation holes, minimum 5% of the floor area of the room. While extensive

incidental ventilation holes (open and closed) is a minimum of 5%. The value of both

should be multiplied by 10% of the floor area of the room. The vast size of this set such

that the incoming air is not too heavy and not too little.

2. Incoming air must be clean air, not polluted by smoke from the garbage or from factories,

vehicle exhaust, dust and others.

3. Cultivated airflow cross ventilation by placing the air holes between 2 opposite walls of

the room. The air flow should not be hindered by the large items, for example cabinets,

wall insulation and others.

Occupant density is the ratio of the floor area of the house with a number of family members


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living in the same house (Lubis, 1989). Residential density requirements common to all

residential expressed in m2 per person, minimum area per person is very relative, depending on

the quality of the building and the facilities available. For low-income housing, a minimum of 10

m2 / person. Minimum necessary for the bedroom 3M2 / person. The bedroom should not be

occupied >2 people, except if for husband and wife and children under 2 years old. In general

assessment of occupant density by using the provisions of minimum standards, the density of the

occupants of a qualified health quotient obtained from the floor area by the number of occupants

10 m2 / person (Lubis, 1989)

Natural light should be provided because it can kill pathogenic bacteria within the home,

such as pneumonia germs (Notoatmodjo, 2003). Therefore, the house should be healthy enough

should have enough driveway (window), the extent of at least 15% -20%. Please note that direct

sunlight into the room, not obstructed by other buildings. Minimum standards of natural light

needs a qualified health for various purposes according to the WHO which one of them is for the

family room and bedroom in the house is 60-120 Lux. To obtain the amount of sunlight in the

morning should optimally bedroom windows facing east and wide windows that either have an

area of at least 10-20% of the floor area.

The density of occupants in a dwelling house will have an impact for the residents. Spacious

home that is not worth the amount residents will cause perjubelan (overcrowded). This is not

healthy because in addition to causing lack of oxygen consumption, also if one family member to

infectious diseases (Lubis, 1989; Notoatmodjo, 2003).

h) Figure of GSB, GSJ, GJBS, GJBB


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II.4 Earthquake Resistant Buildings for Residential

Earthquake Resistant Buildings are intended to minimize the risk of loss and surrounding

occupants (ie, safety of lives and property) due to the earthquake. The main objective is so that

the building wont get damaged in light earthquakes, buildings partially damaged but did not

collapse during the earthquake, and if it collapsed in a huge earthquake, the building can be

repaired again. Building requirements:

1)

The building must be located on a stable ground.

2) Building plans should be simple, symmetrical or uniform.

3) The foundation must be tied rigidly to the foundation beam (sloop).

4) In every area of the wall 12 m2, must be mounted column, can use wood, reinforced

concrete, steel, bamboo or pilasters, columns rigidly tied to the sloop


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5) Should be installed around the beam that is fastened rigidly to the column.

6) The overall framework of the building should be tied firmly and rigidly.

7) Use dry wood as a construction horses, select the roofing material as possible, and tie

with a rigid construction horses.

8) Select the wall material as possible, board, fiber board, plywood boards, cubicles,

wall tie with column material.

9) When materials using masonry wall / brick, consider the quality of brick / concrete

block, the material is not broken, and rang out when the complaint. In each vertical

distance of 30 cm, the couple was given anker who anchored to columns, anker length

50 cm, diameter 6 mm.

10)Note the species material / mortar, any kind tras, sand or cement have special

properties, mixture ratio should follow existing standards.

11)Similarly, the selection of concrete mixture ratio, follow the prescribed standards.

12)Recently, construction, should be done by people who have enough expertise and

experience.

Our surveyed house is a reinforced concrete house with full walls. The building

provisions for our surveyed house as stated in the Department of Public Works

CiptaKarya technical guidelines for earthquake resistant building:

1. Brick building house with walls made of masonry or red bricks which functions as a

load-bearing wall, then the wall must be tied or given the retrofitting of a framework

which limits the area of the wall. This framework can be made of reinforced concrete,

steel, or wood.

2. From the observations of damage to buildings due to earthquake ago, the wall area that

is reinforced with reinforced concrete or steel frame is limited to 12 m2.


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3. Red brick should be washed by soaking in water until the surface is free of loose dust

and water saturated. At the time of the brick surface should be dry mounted. Compressive

strength of the brick shall not be less than 30 kg/cm2.

4. Stucco and mortar must be made of at least 1 part cement and 6 parts sand and shall

have a minimum compressive strength at 28 days by 30 kg/cm2, when tested by pressing

the test specimen in the form of a cube with sides of 5 cm in size.

5. Red brick mortar should be installed on the full expanse and all broadcasting both

vertically and horizontally to be filled, as well as broadcast-broadcast between walls with

columns or walls surrounding the portal (or the gap between the wall with a pole frame)

must be completely filled with mortar. The minimum thickness is 1 cm broadcast. Ropes

straightener should be used in the installation of red brick. The walls should be mounted

vertically and is located in the plane parallel to the surrounding areas of the portal.


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6. The walls should be plastered with a minimum of 1 cm thick plaster on both sides of

the wall.

7. When using concrete blocks for the walls of the house, the brick must be clean and dry


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water-saturated and have to face at the time of installation. Minimum compressive

strength of concrete blocks 15 kg/cm2.

8. Mortar for brick walls must be made of at least 1 part lime and 5 parts tras (or 1 part

cement and 10 parts sand) and shall have a minimum compressive strength at 28 days 15

kg/cm2, when tested by pressing the test specimen in the form of a cube with the size of 5

cm.

9. Brick must be installed in the same way by means of the installation of a red brick

wall.


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Chapter III

Result Analysis

III. 1 Current House ConditionFor the report of healthy house we took a sample of house in Kukusan Beji, Depok near

the University of Indonesia precisely the location is on Jl. H.M. Kuru No.12 03/03. The people

living inside the house is Mr. Guntur family in particularly with one wife and three kids, the size

of the house itself is quite small for 5 people living within it more accurately the size is 6x9

meter. Moreover, the house itself has L shape and adheres with two houses beside of it because

it originally a rent house. The room is divided to one bedroom, one living room, one kitchen and

one additional bathroom which made of plywood.

Based on the house itself which is adheres to two house beside of it makes the people on

it feel not comfortable because it will be a crowded place with 3 family gathered in one place.

In similarly the environment surrounding the sample house is already crowded because there are

so many students renting room around it which enhanced the noises going within the area. The

noises should be considered as a problem as well because it will decreased reassure feeling for

the owner which lead to some new problem that the owner wants to avoid. Another problem is

the house itself is a little bit dirt, lack of sun light coming to the house, the bathroom made of

plywood which is not meeting the standard, not enough air conditioning system, do not have

dining room, etc.

III. 2 Comparison with Healthy House

Furthermore, we are going to compare the Healthy house requirements based on

Kemenpu no. 43/KPTS/M/2002 about Pedoman Teknik Pembangunan Rumah Sehat Lampiran :

Pedoman Umum Rumah Sederhana Sehat with the sample house to determine whether our

sample is a healthy or unhealthy house.

First of all, according to the location of our sample house which is on the West Java

Province we could determine what our house made of using the data we found:


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Table 1.Kebutuhan Luas Minimum Bangunan dan Lahan untuk Rumah Sederhana Sehat

(Rs Sehat)

Current House Condition:

According to the data we took, the people living inside the sample house is 5 people with

the size of the land 57.34 m2with the length 6.1 m and width 9.4 m. So, comparing to the

data, the house is unhealthy because the minimum size for 4 people living inside is 72-90

m2 (see the table 1) and the current condition is even smaller than the 4 people

requirement.

2) Necessity of health and comfort

Ketentuan Rumah Sederhana Sehat:

The house as a residence of a qualified health and comfort is influenced by three (3)

aspects such as lighting, air conditioning system, as well as air temperature and humidity

in the room. These aspects are the basis of planning or rule home healthy and

comfortable.

a) Lighting

The biggest potential that people could use as natural lighting inside the house in the

afternoon is sun. Lighting system that happening within the house is the lighting on the

ceiling with the parameter such as:

Activity room has enough light


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Activity room has well-distributed light

However, the quality of natural lighting in the afternoon that coming inside the room in a

house is determined by:

A work that need enough lighting

The length of time the activities that require the power of vision (eye)

Levels or gradations of roughness and smoothness type of work

The minimum skylight-tenth of the floor area of the room

Direct sunlight to enter the room at least 1 (one) hour per day

Effective light can be obtained from 08.00 to 16.00

The ceiling factor value will be determined by position light holes and the holes on the

field or wall light room. The wider field of light (L) so the greater value of ceiling factor.

Under high threshold aperture field (window) is effective 70-80 cm from the floor to

surface of the room. The minimum value of factor indoor ceiling during the day without

aid of artificial light will be greatly influenced by:

Layout of household furniture, such as cabinets, desk or dining table

Plane partitions, such as partitions, curtains massive


As we dont have the instrument to measuring the light coming inside the house, we cant

defined whether this meet the requirement or not but as we saw the amount of the

windows at the house are only 2 that connected to the outside we could say the sample

house is not meeting the constrain to be call healthy house (in lighting system).

b) Air Conditioning System


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The air is a basic human need to breathe along his life. The air will be very influential in

determining how comfort the house building will be. Leisure will provide freshness of the

occupants and will create a healthy home, if conditioning system or air change occurs

continuously through the space of the room, as well as the holes in the wall or partition

field delimiter as ventilation. In order to obtain fresh air in the room, it can be done by

giving or holding cross ventilation (cross ventilation) with the following conditions:

Ventilation hole at least 5% (five percent) of the floor area room.

The air flowing in is equal to the volume of air flowing out of the room.

Incoming air is not coming from the kitchen or smell smoke room shower / WC.

Especially for conditioning at kitchen and bathroom / WC, which require auxiliary

equipment such as electrical-mechanical blower or exhaust fan, must meet the following

requirements:

Ventilation exit hole does not interfere with surrounding buildings.

Ventilation exit hole does not interfere with indoor activities in the building such as:

family room, sleeping, living and working.

Current house condition:

We did not measure the ventilation hole in respect of the floor area room because of lack

of measuring instrument and also as we saw the house, the kitchen room has no

ventilation so the smoke from the kitchen is entrapped within the house. However the

bathroom has ventilation within it so the smell coming from in is not going to the house

(going outside). Furthermore, sample house has no exhaust fan or electrical-mechanical

blower on it because in Indonesia especially for people with small salary they dont

installed such thing on their house.

c) Air Temperature and Humidity

A house claimed healthy and safe if the air temperature and the humidity within it is

suited with the normal temperature of a human body. Air conditioning system and

lighting are the main points which affected the air temperature and humidity in the house.

A lack of air going-around or unsmooth flow will be one reason why a room feeling

stuffy and will caused high humidity within that room.


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To adjust the air temperature and humidity for a room and occupant doing his activity, we

should consider a few things:

Stability between airing system and air volume that coming in and going out

Enough lighting in a room with non-moving furniture

Should avoid furniture that covered most of floor area of the room


Once again, we already considered about the natural lighting system and natural airing

system that going around/ within the house itself. As our group mention earlier, this

sample house is lack of natural lighting coming inside to the house because of the number

of windows only two in total that connected to the outside. Furthermore, to adjust the air

temperature in order to get comfortable feeling for the occupant the current house

condition is not meeting the necessity because once again the number of ventilation is far

enough (two in total). However, we didnt find any of furniture that covered most of floor

area of a room inside the house.

3) Minimum requirements of Security and Safety

Basically the principal structural parts for home building simple living are: foundation,

walls (and frame buildings), roof and floor. While other parts such as the ceiling, gutters

and so are the aesthetics of the building structure only.

a) Foundation

In general foundation system that endured less than two ton ( small load ) , which is used

for a simple home can be grouped into three foundation systems , namely : foundation

directly, local foundations , and foundation indirectly .Foundation system that is used in

the Core House Grow ( CHG ) and development in this case Simple Healthy House

(SHH) is a local foundation system of material pairs stone or unreinforced concrete

partner and foundation system indirectly from ironwood or Galam .



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As we cant determine the foundation built in the house we assumed the foundation

installed is already meet the requirement because the building has stand for more than 5

years according to the owner.

b) Wall

Wall material used for RIT and grow this conblock, board , half and half board conblock

or other materials such as bamboo depending on the potency of the dominant in the area

where the house will be built . Size of conblock used must meet the SNI PKKI NI05.

For the board to be mounted on a wall a solid framework, wood used to frame wall

measuring 5/7 with maximum distance of 100 cm. Wood used both for board the beam is

strong and durable wood class II. For beams frame, the wood measuring 5/10 is used or

commensurate with the size in the market. Distance pole order approximately 150 cm.

Used board with a thickness at least 2 cm after planed tongue and groove connection is

established or other connections that ensures density .

Ring - wood beams and columns of blocks measuring 5/10 or many in the market with

commensurate size. Relationship between columns with ring-beam equipped with sekur

made of wood 5/10 or that many in the market with the size that meeting the requirement.

Sekur maximum length is 50 cm.


The house we took as sample is made of conblock with some another material used such

plywood for making the bathroom. Actually, the bathroom should not made of plywood

because the strength of plywood itself is so weak and also could be break easily which

reducing the minimum requirement of security and safety for the occupant. We found out

that the owner made additional bathroom using plywood because lack of money.

However, relate to the technical matters such as the size of conblock used to make the

house and another else was not measured because the lack of instruments.

c) Building Frame


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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND RENOVATION SUGGESTION

IV. I. House Analysis

Based on observations made by our group, we found that the house that we observed

apparently considered unhealthy because there are many aspects that are not meeting the

requirement. In its own characterized, healthy home consists of four aspects: external aspects,

internal aspects, technical aspects, and aspects of external room. Aspects of architecture, and

infrastructure, internal aspects include organizational space, quality and utility buildings,

engineering aspects material used, the look of the building serve targeted, and schematics, and

covers ventilation aspects space, circulation, and lighting.

Here is the definition of a healthy home by WHO, RI department of health, and some health

experts Indonesia.

The definition of a healthy home by Residential Environment of WHO (1974), among others:

1. Must be able to shelter from the rain, heat, cold, and serves as a resting place.

2. Having each room for sleeping, cooking, bathing, washing, toilets and bathrooms.

3. Can protect from the hazards of noise and pollution free.

4. Free of hazardous building materials.

5. Made from a sturdy building and to protect its inhabitants from the earthquake, collapse, and

infectious diseases.

6. Member safety and neighborhood matching.

WHO (World Health Organization) defines the term "healthy" is more detailed as the state of

physical, spiritual, and social good and complete, not just a means to avoid disease or

infirmity (Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the

absence of disease or infirmity). To set the housing conditions in accordance with the criteria

of the healthy, the American Public Health Association has researched and formulated four


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main functions of the home as a healthy living for every man and his family during his

lifetime.

The four main functions were:

To meet the physical needs of the human subject (the satisfaction of fundamental

physiological needs);

To meet the spiritual needs of the human subject (the psychological satisfaction of

fundamental needs);

The protection against transmission of infectious diseases (protection against communicable

diseases);

The protection against tampering or accidental (protection against accidents).

In the sense of home as a place that can meet the physical needs of people, the home must

meet the following requirements:

1. May provide protection against weather disturbances or climatic conditions that are not

compatible with the conditions of human life, such as: heat, cold, wind, rain and damp air.

2. Resident can cater to perform activities or common household jobs, among others:

Light work activities, such as cooking, sewing, studying, and writing.

Gather together the whole family or meeting room (human relation).

Routine activities to meet the physical health needs for survival, among others, shower, eat,

and sleep.

3. Can be used as a quiet retreat when tired or sick.

Within the meaning of home as a place to stay that will meet those needs human spirit, the

house should function as a place that can give you a feeling of peace and tranquility for the

entire family. Thus, the whole family feels punishing gather and live together, learn to

appreciate each other, and each can develop a healthy character and personality.

Within the meaning of the spatial arrangement of residential homes that closed / separate from

the direct influence of external environment, the house should be able to distance people from

health disorders caused epidemics of infectious diseases. For example: the typhus disease,


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cholera, and dysentery. In addition, the home must also be able to provide sufficient

protection against disruption of peace because evil or riot, such as stealing and pillaging.

Based on the Ministry of Health of Indonesia Number: 829/Menkes/SK/VII/1999:

1. Building Materials:

a. Not made of materials that can release substances that may endanger the health, among others,

the following:

Dust total no more than 150 mg m3

Asbestos-free does not exceed 0.5 fiber/m3/4jam

Lead not exceeding 300 mg / kg

b. Not made of materials that can be growth and development of pathogenic microorganisms.

2. And the spatial components:

Components must meet the physical and biological requirements as follows:

a. Floor waterproof and easy to clean

b. Wall

In the bedroom, the living room is equipped with a means of ventilation for air circulation

arrangement

In the bathroom and washing facilities must be watertight and easy to cleanc. The ceiling should be easy to clean and not prone to accidents

d. A house with a height of 10 meters or more must be equipped with a lightning protection

e. Room in the house should be arranged to function as a living room, family room, dining room,

bedroom, kitchen, shower room and children's playroom.

f. The kitchen should be equipped with smoke disposal facilities.

3. Exposure:

Natural or artificial lighting directly or indirectly can illuminate the whole room a minimum

intensity of 60 lux and not blinding.

4. Air Quality:

The air quality in the house does not exceed the following requirements:

a. Comfortable air temperature ranged between l8 C to 30 C


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b. Humidity ranged from 40% to 70%

c. SO2 gas concentration does not exceed 0.10 hours ppm/24

d. Air exchange

e. CO gas concentration does not exceed 100 ppm/8jam

f. Formaldehyde gas concentrations do not exceed 120 mg/m3

5. Ventilation:

Extensive or permanent ventilation at least 10% of the floor area.

6. Animal-borne diseases:

No rats nest in the house.

7. Water:

a.

Available water capacity minimal 60 liters / day / person

b. Water quality must meet the health requirements of clean water and drinking water in

accordance with the legislation in force.

8. Theres a safe food storage and hygiene.

9. Waste:

a. Liquid waste from the house, do not pollute water sources, odorless and does not contaminate

the soil surface.

b. Solid waste must be managed so as not to cause odor, do not cause pollution to surface and

groundwater.

10.Bedroom dwelling density:

Spacious bedrooms at least 8m2 and is not recommended to use more than two people to sleep

in one bedroom, except children under 5 years old.

The housing has been provided for in the Law on housing and settlement administration

No.4/l992 section III of article 5, paragraph l that reads, "Every citizen has the right to occupy

and or enjoy or they have a decent home and a healthy environment, safe, harmonious and

orderly ".

After learning the definition of a healthy home, we finally begin to clarify our house survey, if

the home is classified as healthy or not, using aspects as has been shown above.

A. External Aspects


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Externally, the house that we survey is not quite healthy, because it is in a location that is not

hygienic, and slums, in front of the house there is a pond that is not neglected, so that fear will

become mosquito breeding, in addition to a pond in front of the house can cause flooding

occurs when heavy rains enough, then the infrastructure, building our group of relatively poor

survey, many walls whose condition was cracked, the walls of many of them are missing, this

is due to low awareness of homeowners in the development foundation of good and qualified,

so later on many walls are hollow, despite the age of the home is less than 20 years.

B. Internal Aspects

Internally, the house that we surveyed has a bad organization of the room, where there are

many cracks in the building which when maximized can be a bedroom and the second the

number of occupants is not directly proportional to the number of rooms available, where the

very regrettable is the large number of occupants but the number of bedrooms available a

little, because of the organization of space in the house was not optimal. The laying of the

kitchen near the living room is also quite unethical, because the cooking smells from the

kitchen worries can disrupt the visiting guests.

Quality of the building itself is low, because there are some crack/boundary on the wall, due

to the fragility of the wall that could jeopardize the future of home users as the occupants of

the house. The use of the building itself are good, residents are able to maximize every

available space, even though the organization of that room bad, for example, residents use the

park as a place to wash clothes, and the clothes drying.

C. Technical Aspects

Technically, we survey the use of low quality materials, is evident from the damage seen on

the walls, but the building had not yet reached the age of 20 years, the real thing is

understandable due to the inability of homeowners to construct buildings by using better

materials. If we mention the existing plan, the house looks good but there are some defects

that cannot be displayed from the plan, where the plan cannot describe how the actual

condition of the house looks like because the plan was to load the image only visible from

above. In the appearance of the floor itself is pretty good, in the plan it was clear that the

amount of ventilation that owned the house we survey less, where vast amounts of our house


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ventilation is less than 1/10 spacious house while the SNI, the vast amount of ventilation

should be minimal in a house is 1/10 of the area of the house. When viewed through the

images appear, we survey buildings classified as good which is well looked left and right

display wall that extends along the stand that serves as a dividing fence between the house and

the alley next to the house contained. The house that we surveyed was not an earthquake

resistant building due to the burden of a large house, but the fragile foundation of the house

and not solid. Real solid foundation that cannot be handled with ease the weight of the house

as an example of replacing a roof made with tiles being used zinc, and replace the Horse-

Riding home using mild steel, more durable, and also relatively lightweight and inexpensive,

when compared to the use of wood rafters used as Horse-Riding home there now.

D. Aspects of Space

In space (lighting, air circulation, etc.), we survey the house belong to poor owner, because

the lack number of windows, the house that we survey is lack of light. Where the light

intensity is very low house owned caused the walls that lie parallel to the which causes the

blocking of light, things that cause the need to use more lights from his home lighting

sufficient, then the house that we examined had some crack/boundary on the wall, which

indirectly can be a means of entry of air and light, is actually a perforated wall has a good

function but unfortunately due to this wall perforated the intensity of incoming light cannot be

controlled. Then the air circulation system is relatively poor due to the total area of our sample

house ventilation less than 1/10 spacious house while the SNI, the vast amount of ventilation

should be minimal at a house is 1/10 of the spacious house.

IV. 2. Proposed Home Improvements

a. Improvements External Aspects

Improvements can be made to house the external aspect is to add some features such as

cleaning the pond so that the pond in front of the house will not harm residents. Further

improvement can be done is to paint the walls so that the walls have a better aesthetic value,

and also inhibits the growth of mold on the walls, and also prevent the permeation / leak when

it rained.

b. Aspects of Internal Improvements


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Improvements can be made to house the internal aspect is to add some features, such as

adding a room to the house, so that residents are found to be true not stay in the room, can

stay in the room, by building a new room, after renovating the home, by maximizing room

contained in the house, build a room on the garden the amount is too big, and move the

kitchen into the house, so it does not interfere with guests, because the location of the kitchen

adjacent to the living room. Then to improve the quality of existing buildings, to do some

renovations like replacing the rotted sills, so the beauty of the homes will increase.

c. Aspects Repair Techniques

Improvements can be made to the house due some technical aspect that using some features

like: use more materials when renovating houses, so that the quality and lifetime home

increases causing the house they live in will be better. From the beginning our group did a

survey has found some crack/boundary on the wall due to several factors such as poor

foundation and else, this issue is quite fatal because it cannot be renovated again. On the other

word, to change or repair the foundation it is like make a house from scratch. In order to deal

with these problems it need to alleviate the burden of the foundation, so that the building

became more resistant to earthquakes by replacing the tile with zinc. If the improvement seen

in the plan, the things will change is the number of windows that looked because according to

our group discussion the most important thing to do and the most inexpensive and efficient is

the addition of a window which resulting increased ventilation area and better lighting in the

home. For GDB, because the distance from the road until the house is about 2 m, therefore

we dont need to renovateit and for KLB and KDB its already catagorized as healthy.

d. Aspects of Space Repair (lighting and air exchange system)

Improvements can be made to house the aspects of space is by adding some features such as,

the addition of a window which aims to add ventilated area according to SNI totaled at least

1/10 of the area of the house. The next thing to do is to add the exhaust to the house, which

aims to facilitate the circulation of air in the home, an alternative that can be done is to use

manual ventilation with air valve, which can be opened and closed by pulling a cord, which is

connected to the air valve. But due to lack of money the owner have so we must re-considered

the plan to installed the exhaust fan.


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BILL OF QUANTITIES

No Job Description Unit Volume

Price per

unit

(Rupiah)

Total

(Rupiah)

I Preparation works

1 Land Cleansing m2 0 3,000 0

2 Land Measurement m2 25.63 2,000 51,260

3 Electricity when working Ls 1 600,000 600,000

5 Warehouse Ls 1 300,000 300,000

Sub Total 951,260

II Foundation Work

1 Excavations of foundation m3

11.712 25,000 292,800

2 Sand fill below foundation m3 2.928 215,000 629,520

3 Earth fill below floor m3 11.346 45,000 514,620

4 Sand fill below floor m3 7.564 215,000 1,626,260

Sub Total 3,063,200

III Foundation Concrete Work

1 Applying river stone 1:4 m3 11.52 350,000 4,032,000

2 Concrete sloof 0.15x0.20 m3 0.018 2,250,000 40,500

3 Concrete column m3 0.2025 2,250,000 455,625

Sub Total 4,528,125

IV Wall and Concrete not

1 Applying bricks for main column m2 31.275 82,000 2,564,550

2 Shaft Plastering m2 61.91 41,000 2,538,310

3 Ring Balk concrete 0.1 x 0.15 m3 0.207 2,250,000 465,750

4 Ventilation unit 4 35,000 140,000

5 Locis's concrete unit 4 12,500 50,000

Sub Total 5,758,610

V Frame of windows and door works

1 Wooden frame+Door knob panel P1 unit 1 1,250,000 1,250,000

2 Door frame PVC KM unit 1 290,000 290,000

3 Wooden frame + Glass window J.1 unit 4 1,100,000 4,400,000


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Sub Total 5,940,000

VI Roof works

1 Light steel framework m2 44 100,000 4,400,000

2 Flat concrete roof tile m2

44 46,200 2,032,8003 Flashing roof boundary wall m

2 9.26 16,500 152,790

4 List plank GRC 4x200 mm m 21.22 27,500 583,550

5 Rooftop Carpus (similar concrete) m 4.426 82,500 365,145

Sub Total 7,534,285

VII Ceiling Work

1 Framework of hollo ceiling 2/4 (inside-out) m2 30.1 22,500 677,250

2 Ceiling covers made of gypsume 9mm m2 14.65 34,000 498,100

3 Outer ceiling covers GRC 3mm m2 9.26 34,500 319,470

4 List profile gypsume 5 cm m 13.8 15,000 207,000

Sub Total 1,701,820

VIII Floor Work

1 Tile application 40 x 40 m2 14.65 88,000 1,289,200

2

Bathrooms and laundry room tile application 20 x

20 m2 2.99 84,000 251,160

Sub Total 1,540,360

IX Painting

1 Painting of inner wall m2 37.575 12,000 450,900

2 Exterior wall paintings m2 31.275 22,000 688,050

3 Windows and Doors Paintings m2 5.92 46,500 275,280

Sub Total 1,414,230

X Lock Work

1 Wooden frame+Door knob panel P1 unit 1 300,000 300,000

2 Door frame PVC KM unit 1 90,000 90,000

3 Wooden frame + Glass window J.1 unit 4 120,000 480,000

Sub Total 870,000

XI Water implementation and sanitation work

1 Head & Hand Shower set unit 1 320,000 320,000

2 Hand Shower/ Washer unit 1 225,000 225,000


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3 Clean water pipe PVC 3/4 m 7.4 15,500 114,700

4 Dirty water pipe 3 PVC m 6.1 34,400 209,840

5 Septic tank pipe 4" PVC m 15.5 48,650 754,075

Sub Total 2,655,915

XII Electric Installation work

1 Lighting points unit 4 140,000 560,000

2 Electricity outlet unit 3 150,000 450,000

3 Single switch unit 5 24,000 120,000

4 Box sikring MCB 3 group + tufur, arde unit 1 385,000 385,000

Sub Total 1,515,000


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References:

http://www.healthy-holistic-living.com/definition-of-green-building.html

http://konservasisitudepok.wordpress.com/peraturan-tentang-situ/perda-depok-no-182003/

http://jasadesainrumah.com/tag/syarat-bangunan-tahan-gempa

http://rovicky.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/ditjen-cipta-karya-dpu-2006_pedoman-teknis-rumah-

bangunan-tahan-gempa.pdf
http://www.healthy-holistic-living.com/definition-of-green-building.htmlhttp://www.healthy-holistic-living.com/definition-of-green-building.htmlhttp://konservasisitudepok.wordpress.com/peraturan-tentang-situ/perda-depok-no-182003/http://konservasisitudepok.wordpress.com/peraturan-tentang-situ/perda-depok-no-182003/http://jasadesainrumah.com/tag/syarat-bangunan-tahan-gempahttp://jasadesainrumah.com/tag/syarat-bangunan-tahan-gempahttp://rovicky.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/ditjen-cipta-karya-dpu-2006_pedoman-teknis-rumah-bangunan-tahan-gempa.pdfhttp://rovicky.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/ditjen-cipta-karya-dpu-2006_pedoman-teknis-rumah-bangunan-tahan-gempa.pdfhttp://rovicky.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/ditjen-cipta-karya-dpu-2006_pedoman-teknis-rumah-bangunan-tahan-gempa.pdfhttp://rovicky.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/ditjen-cipta-karya-dpu-2006_pedoman-teknis-rumah-bangunan-tahan-gempa.pdfhttp://rovicky.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/ditjen-cipta-karya-dpu-2006_pedoman-teknis-rumah-bangunan-tahan-gempa.pdfhttp://jasadesainrumah.com/tag/syarat-bangunan-tahan-gempahttp://konservasisitudepok.wordpress.com/peraturan-tentang-situ/perda-depok-no-182003/http://www.healthy-holistic-living.com/definition-of-green-building.html


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ATTACHMENT FILES ( AUTOCAD DRAWING )


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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FINAL PROJECT

HEALTHY HOUSE PAPER

Fhassi Maulavi Anfiqi 1306437050

Mohamad Jovi Prasetyo 1306387153

R.A. Tamara Rizky Fadhilah I. 1306388894

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

tugas akhir konsbang

Documents