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  • Oleh :Lilla yuniar s 115020201111022Lilis suindrawati 115020201111056

  • Transport DecisionsTransportasiKeputusan dalam aktivitas logistik Pemilihan alat transportasi Rute pengangkutanPenjadwalan kendaraanGabungan pengiriman

  • Transport Service Selection Basic Cost Trade-Offs

    Example Finished goods are to be shipped from a plant inventory to a warehouse inventory some distance away. The expected volume to be shipped in a year is 1,200,000 unit. The product is worth $25 per unit. and the plant and carrying costs are 30% per year. Other data are:

  • Basick Cost Trade-Offs (Contd) CosttypeComputation

    RailTruckAirTrans-portationRD.11(1,200,000)= $132,000.20(1,200,000)= $240,000.88(1,200,000)= $1,056,000In-transitinventory[.30(25)1,200,000(25)]/365= $616,438[.30(25) 1,200,000(13)]/365= $320,548[.30(25) 1,200,000(1)]/365= $24,658Plantinventory[.30(25) 100,000]/2= $375,000[.30(25) 40,000]/2= $150,000[.30(25) 16,000]/2= $60,000Field inventory[.30(25.11) 100,000]/2= $376,650[.30(25.20) 40,000]/2= $151,200[.30(25.88) 16,000]/2= $62,112 Totals$1,500,088$ 861,748$1,706,770Improved service

  • Competitive ConsiderationsExample An appliance manufactured located in pittsburgh purcahases 3,000 cases of plastic part valued at $100 per case from two suppiers. Purcahases are currently divided equally between the suppliers. Suppliers A would like to consider whether it would be beneficial to switch from rail to air or truck modes.

    Supplier As choice can simply be made based on the potential profits to be received.

    Transport modeTransport rateDelivery timeRail$2.50/case7 daysTruck $6.00/case4 daysAir $10.35/case2 days

    Transport modeCases soldGross profit-Transport cost=Net profitRail1.500$ 30.000-$ 3.750=$. 26.250Truck1.950$ 39.000-$ 11.700=$ 27.300Air2.250$ 45.000-$ 23.287,50=$ 21.712,50

  • Vehicle Routing Separate and Single Origin and Destination Points

  • Shortest Route Method Tabulation of computational steps for the shortest route method

  • TRANLP problem setupSolutionMultiple Origin and Destination Points

  • Total biaya minimum adalah

    Pabrik 1 (4x400) + (5x200) = 2.600Pabrik 1 (5x200) + (5x300) = 2.500Pabrik 1 (5x300) = 1.500 $ 6.600.

  • Points are Spatially Related

  • 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8876543210X coordinates1231911121314151617184567891020DY coordinates0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8876543210X coordinates1231911121314151617184567891020DY coordinates Points are Spatially Related (Contd)

  • Points Are Not Spatially Related The total time to make the round-trip is 156 minutes

  • Sweep Method for VRPExample A trucking company has 10,000-unit vans for merchandise pickup to be consolidated into larger loads for moving over long distances. A days pickups are shown in the figure below. How should the routes be designed for minimal total travel distance?

  • 7-*Depot1,0002,0003,0002,0004,0002,0003,0003,0001,0002,0002,0002,000Stop Volume and Location

  • 7-*Sweep directionis arbitraryDepot1,0002,0003,0002,0004,0002,0003,0003,0001,0002,0002,0002,000 Sweep Method SolutionCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.

  • The Savings Method for VRPDepotDepot(a) Initial routing Route distance = d0,A +dA,0 +d0,B+ dB,0(b) Combining two stops on a route Route distance = d0,A +dA,B +dB,0ABABStopStop00Savings is better than Sweep methodhas lower average error

  • 7-*Savings Method ObservationThe points that offer the greatest savings when combined on the same route are those that are farthest from the depot and that are closest to each other.This is a good principle for constructing multiple-stoproutesCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.

  • Route Sequencing in VRP89101112123456Route #1Route #10AMPMRoute #6Route #9Route #4Route #5Route #8Route #2Route #7Route #3Truck #1Truck #2Truck #3Truck #4Truck #5Minimize number of trucks by maximizing number of routes handled by a single truckCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.7-27

  • 7-*Freight ConsolidationCombine small shipments into larger onesA problem of balancing cost savings against customer service reductionsAn important area for cost reduction in many firmsBased on the rate-shipment size relationship for for-hire carriersCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.

  • 7-*Freight Consolidation AnalysisCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.

  • Freight Consolidation Analysis (Contd) Separate shipmentsCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.7-30

  • Freight Consolidation Analysis (Contd)a 480 = 50 + 250 + 180Computing transport cost for one combined, three-day shipmentCheaper, but what aboutthe service effects of holdingearly orders for a longer timeto accumulate larger shipmentsizes? Consolidated shipment Day 3 Rate x volume = costTopeka0.82 x 480a = $393.60Kansas City0.86 x 400 = 344.00Wichita0.68 x 1410 = 958.80 Total $1,696.40CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.7-31

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