sromebi ikartvelologybooks.tsu.ge/uploads/book/shromebi_tomi_i.pdf · qartuli sasuliero mwerlobis...

xelnawerTa erovnuli centri

enriko gabiZaSvili

Sromebi

Imonografiuli narkvevebi

Tbilisi

2010

redaqtorebi: eTer beruaSvili

xaTuna gafrindaSvili

ISBN 978-9941-0-2706-2 (samive tomis)

ISBN 978-9941-0-2707-9 (pirveli tomis)

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avtorisagan

Cemi cxovrebis xangrZlivi drois manZilze (80 weli) vcdilobdi Zveli qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobis kvlevis saqmeSi mciredi wvlili mec Semetana. Cemi kvlevis sagani ZiriTadad filologiur-teqstologiuri sakiTxebi iyo, rac gamoqveynda calkeuli wignebis (14 wignidan ramdenime TanaavtorobiT aris gamocemuli), narkvevebis, samecniero werilebisa da saenciklopedio statiebis saxiT.

winamdebare Sromebis sam wignSi Sevecade Tavi momeyara mxolod kvleviTi xasiaTis naSromebisaTvis, romlebic gabneulia sxvadasxva periodul gamocemebSi, warmodgenilia zogierTi Cemi wignis Sesavali narkvevis saxiT, agreTve nawili saenciklopedio statiebisa, ZiriTadad rusuli ,,Православная энциклопедия” (moskovi) da italiuri ,,Enciclopedia dei Santi le chiese orieentali” (romi) enciklopediebidan, Tumca ar Segvitania Cemi xelmZRvanelobiT da monawileobiT Sedgenili ,,saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis enciklopediuri leqsikonidan” daaxl. 2 aTasamde mokle da saSualo sididis statia. ,,Sromebis” I da II tomebSi Sevida vrceli gamokvlevebi, romlebic adrec iyo dabeWdili, Tumca maT daemata ramdenime narkvevi, romlebic pirvelad am wignebSi ibeWdeba: 1. ,,kanonikuri samarTlis wyaroebi”, romelic gaTvaliswinebuli iyo ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sesavali narkvevis nawilad, magram ar daibeWda misi didi moculobis gamo. 2. `Zveli qarTuli kanonikuri mwerloba~ da 3. ,,originaluri hagiografia”, orive narkvevi daiwera bibliografiuli wignis ,,originaluri sasuliero mwerlobis dargobrivi bibliografiis~ Sesavali narkvevebis daniSnulebiT, magram am wignis sastambod momzadeba dabrkolda sxvadasxva mizeziT. 4. maqsime aRmsarebelis astrologiuri traqtati ,,paseqisaTÂs”; es vrceli narkvevi unda darTvoda maqsimes naSromis teqstis publikacias, magram teqstis gamosacemad momzadeba Seferxda. 5. ,,sabines wameba” (gamokvleva da teqsti). Cvens mier gamovlenili am naTargmni Txzulebis Sesaxeb cnobebi, marTalia, adrec davbeWdeT, magram Txzulebis teqsti ibeWdeba pirvelad. 6. statia ,,didi sjuliskanonis kvali ruis-urbnisis ,,ZeglisweraSi” daiwera qarTvelologiuri krebulisaTvis, romelic a.S.S.-Si unda dabeWdiliyo, magram krebulis gamocema CaiSala. 7. sul bolos davumateT vrceli gamokvleva, romelic uZRvis Tebervlis Tvis hagiografiul-homiletikuri teqstebis krebuls, romelTa gamocema gaurkveveli droiT aris gadadebuli, amitom am wignis Sesavali narkvevi aq gadmovitaneT. Sinaarsobrivad narkvevebi, werilebi da saenciklopedio statiebi exeba Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis mravalferovan dargebs: hagiografias, hagiologias, asketikas, kanonikas, bibliologias, egzegetikas, apokrifebs, homiletikas da a. S.

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,,naSromebi”-s samtomeulis gamosacemad momzadebisaTvis saWiro Seiqmna TiToeuli narkvevisa da statiis eleqtronuli versiis momzadeba, amitom saSualeba mogveca gagvesworebina adrindeli gamocemebis SemCneuli koreqturuli Secdomebi, zogierTi saxelis dawerilobis orTografia da teqstologiuri uzustobani.

minda gansakuTrebiT aRvniSno am gamocemis redaqtorebis – eTer beruaSvilisa da xaTuna gafrindaSvilis mier gaweuli Sroma, xelnawerTa erovnuli centris TanamSromlebis daxmareba (koreqtura, kompiuteruli Casworebebi), romelSic monawileobdnen: x. bainduraSvili, e. gogiCaiSvili, n. TargamaZe, n. meurmiSvili, n. nacvliSvili, e. qavTaraZe, d. Sengelia, d. CitunaSvili, T. ceraZe, i. xositaSvili, n. janaSia. yvela maTgans uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb.

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qristianuli RvTismsaxureba da

svinaqsaruli hagiografia*

qristianuli sarwmunoebis uZvelesi periodidanve eklesiis moRvaweTa xsenebis dResaswauli RvTismsaxurebis mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgenda. RvTismsaxurebaSi hagiografiuli elementis damkvidrebasa da misi formebis ganviTarebas Tavisi istoria aqvs, romlis Seswavla RvTismsaxurebis Casaxvisa da misi evoluciis gaTvaliswinebiT aris SesaZlebeli.

axali sarwmunoebis warmoSobam ganapiroba ritualis Sesrulebis axali formebis Zieba. qristianuli RvTismsaxureba misi Tavdapirveli Sesrulebis elementaruli formebiT TviT am religiis warmoSobis droindelia. ar iqneba gadaWarbebuli, Tu vityviT, rom RvTismsaxurebis wesisa da `gangebis~ (romelic mogvianod tipikonis saxeliT damkvidrda) pirveli striqonebi swored maSinaa dawerili da Semdeg xangrZlivi Ziebisa da srulyofis Sedegad mxolod XVI saukuneSi miiRo Tavisi Camoyalibebuli saxe1.

kargad aris cnobili is faqti, rom uZvelesi qristianuli RvTismsaxureba didad aris davalebuli Zveli ebrauli sarwmunoebisagan. TviT e.w. mociqulebi, romelTac qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis pirveli dauwereli kanonebis SemoReba miewerebaT, ebraelebi iyvnen. marTalia, maTi sarwmunoeba ukve aRar iyo ebrauli, magram is ar SeiZleba Sors wasuliyo imdroindeli ebrauli RvTismsaxurebis formebisagan. qristes aRdgomis saswaulma aRafrTovana misi mowafeebi da mociqulebi, rac gamoixata imaSi, rom isini `iyvnes maradis taZarsa mas Sina da akurTxevdes RmerTsa~ (luka, 24, 53). yovelive es SesaZlebeli iqneboda ebrauli RvTismsaxurebis formebiT da ritualiT, ramac didi gavlena iqonia qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis Semdgom ganviTarebaze2.

qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis rituali ganviTarebis uadres etapze, romelsac `mociqulTa periodsac~ (I saukune) uwodeben3, uaRresad martivi iyo. ZiriTad elements Seadgenda mociqulTa Txroba qristes cxovrebisa da Rvawlis Sesaxeb, rac Semdeg werilobiT saxiT saxarebasa da TviT mociqulTa epistoleebSi Camoyalibda kidec4. umniSvnelovanesi adgili daiWires agreTve locvebma. Zneli gasarkvevia, Tu ra formisa da Sinaarsis iqnebodnen isini,

* daibeWda wignSi: Zveli qarTuli hagiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, IV, Tbilisi, 1968, gv. 7-45 (saTauriT `Sesavali~).1 Мансветов И., Церковный Устав, его образование и судьба в греческой и русской церкви, Москва, 1885, стр. 1.2 Скабалланович М., Толковый типикон, Киев, 1910, вып. I, стр. 3.3 iqve, gv. 1.4 iqve, gv. 18.

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magram daaxloebiT mainc SeiZleba gairkves, rom maT umTavres nawils fsalmuni da ebraelTa RvTismsaxurebaSi gamoyenebuli locvebi Seadgenda1. eWvgareSea, rom qristianuli himnografiis ganviTarebamde fsalmunis xvedriTi wona Zalze didi iyo da TiTqmis mTlianad avsebda uZveles RvTismsaxurebas2.

am periodSi (e.i. I s.) RvTismsaxureba oTxi ZiriTadi elementisagan Sedgeboda: locva, galoba, saRmrTo werilis kiTxva da qadagebani, romelTa arseboba kargad Cans pavle mociqulis mixedviT (timoTes mimarT I. 1,2; efeselTa mimarT 5,19; kolaselTa mimarT 3,16; TesalonikelTa mimarT I. 5, 27; kolaselTa mimarT 4, 16; ebraelTa mimarT 13, 7; agreTve luka 1, 1 da sxv.)

`mociqulTa saukunem~ safuZveli Cauyara ara marto yoveldRiuri RvTismsaxurebis Camoyalibebas, aramed qristianul saeklesio welsac. Tavdapirvelad erTi dRis RvTismsaxureba TiTqmis ar gansxvavdeboda meore dRisagan, magram Semdegi wlis zogierTma dRem, gansakuTrebiT ki kviram, is prioriteti moipova, rom masTan dakavSirebuli iqna qristes cxovrebis zogierTi momenti, upirveles yovlisa ki aRdgoma. aman xeli Seuwyo kvira dRis gamoyofas sxva ubralo dReebisagan. am garemoebam ki gamoiwvia kvira dRis gansakuTrebuli aRniSvna, ramac safuZveli Cauyara qristianul saeklesio wels.

droTa ganmavlobaSi saeklesio-istoriul movlenebTan dakavSirebuli dReebi TandaTanobiT momravlda. saxarebasTan dakavSirebul dReebs Semdeg (II s.) Seemata mowameTa `dabadebis~ dReebi (dabadebis dRed iwodeboda maTi mowamebrivi aRsasrulis dRe), romlis Sesaxebac qvemoT gveqneba saubari.

II saukunis pirveli naxevari axlos dgas mociqulTa periodis RvTismsaxurebasTan, Tumca TandaTanobiT SeiniSneba mtkice normebis dadgena, rac ZiriTadad III s. kanonikur ZeglebSi Camoyalibda3. II saukune Cven ufro imitom gvainteresebs, rom aqedan gvaqvs mowameTa xsenebis dReebis aRniSvnis utyuari cnobebi.

qristianeTa devnis periodSi mravalma morwmunem Tavisi cxovrebis bolo mowamebriv aRsasrulSi pova, ramac maTi wmindanad aRiareba gamoiwvia. mowameTa cxovrebasa da SemaZrwunebeli aRsasrulis irgvliv mravalferovani saeklesio literatura Seiqmna da hagiografiuli mwerlobis saxeliT damkvidrda. hagiografiuli literaturis sawyisebi im `mowameTa aqtebSi~ unda veZioT, qristianeTa gasamarTlebisa da dasjis procesSi rom dgeboda sasamarTlos mdivnebis mier. aseTi `aqtebis~ garda cnobilia ama Tu im mowamis aRsasrulis aRwera TviTmxilvelis mier. msgavsi aRwerebi Semdeg am mowamis xsenebis dRes ikiTxeboda kidec.

1 Meyer H., Kritisch exegetisches Handbuch űber die Apostelgeschichte, 7 Aufl. Gőtt, 1888, s.92.2 Лисицин М., Первоначалный славянско-русский типикон, Спб, 1911, стр. 5.3 Скабалланович М., dasaxel. naSromi, gv. 45-46.

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uZvelesi cnobebi gvafiqrebineben, rom mowameTa Sesaxeb aseTi Canawerebis, anu `wamebis~ Sedgenas Tavidanve liturgikuli daniSnuleba hqonda da misi Sedgenis umTavresi saWiroeba RvTismsaxurebaze wakiTxvis moTxovnilebiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli.

mowameTa dRis aRniSvnis Sesaxeb ueWveli cnobebi ukve II saukunidan mogvepoveba, magram maTi Sesrulebis SesaZlebloba kidev ufro adre, I saukuneSiac aris savaraudebeli. jer kidev pavle mociqulma uanderZa palestinel qristianebs: `moiÃseneniT winamZRuarni igi Tquenni, romelni getyodes Tquen sityuaTa maT RmrTisaTa da hxedevdiT gamoslvasa mas cxovrebisasa maTsa, da hbaZevdiT sarwmunoebasa maTsa~ (ebr. XIII. 7). am epistolis daweramde aseTebi iyvnen arqidiakoni stefane pirvelmowame, wm. mociquli iakob zebedesi da iakobi, Zma uflisa.

pirveli cnoba, sadac eWvmiutanlad aris laparaki mowameTa dResaswaulis Sesaxeb, Semogvinaxa wm. egnatis (gard. 107, an 115 w). mowamebrivma aqtebma, sadac naTqvamia: `gavatareT ra ramdenime dRe mis kubosTan (saflavTan) himnebis galobiT, qristianebma daaweses, Semdegac galobiT qeba SevasxaT mis vnebas da cxovrebas da misi mogonebis dros vadidoT qriste RmerTi~1.

evsebi kesariels moaqvs smirnelTa eklesiis epistole filomenelTa eklesiis (mc. azia) mimarT wm. polikarpes (gardaicvala 167 w.) mowamebrivi aRsasrulis gamo. masSi naTqvamia, rom ebraelTa rCeviT prokonsulma dawva polikarpes gvami, raTa is qristianeTa Tayvaniscemis sagani ar gamxdariyo, magram `Cven SevkribeT misi Zvlebi da davkrZaleT isini saTanado adgilas... rogorc ki SesaZlebeli iqneba, Cven iq SevikribebiT sixaruliTa da mxiarulebiT da RmerTi nebas dagvrTavs, raTa vidResaswauloT dRe misi mowamebrivi dabadebisa (geneqlion)2. Semdegi saukuneebi (III-IV) ufro met masalas iZlevian aseTi dReebis aRniSvnis Sesaxeb. tertuliani (gard. 211 w.) aRniSnavs: `Cven vzeimobT wmindanTa pativsacemad~3. karTagenis episkoposi kvipriane (gard. 258 w.) wers Tavis samwyesos aRmsareblebis Sesaxeb: `aRniSneT maTi gardacvalebis dReebi, raTa Cven gvqondes SesaZlebloba vidResaswauloT maTi xsovna mowameTa xsenebebTan erTad~4. es cnoba ormxrivaa saintereso: jer erTi, Cans, rom karTagenis eklesias am dros ukve hqonia mowameTa saxelebis Semcveli kalendrebi, romelTa

1 Ruinarti Th. Acta martyrum sincera et selecta, I, 1802, 47; 48.2 Евсерий Кесарийский, Церковная История, IV, 13. sainteresoa Sexeduleba mowamis aRsasrulis dabadebis dRed gamocxadebaze. aseTi Sexeduleba iyo mizezi imisa, rom saeklesio weli Semdegac ar Seicavda wmindanTa dabadebis dReebs, garda qristesa, RvTismSoblisa da iovane naTlismcemlisa da es dabadebis dReebic, TviT qristesic ki, dResaswaulis dReebad mogvianebiT iqna aRiarebuli (Скабалланович М., dasaxel. naSromi, gv. 68, Luft, Liturgik, I, mainz, 1884, 115).3 Сергий, Полный Месяцеслов Востока, I, Владимир, 1901, стр. 9.4 iqve.

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mixedviT, albaT, sruldeboda kidec maTi xsovnis dResaswaulebi. meore mxriv, am droisaTvis dResaswaulebis rigs emateba eklesiis zogierT im moRvaweTa xsenebis dRe, romelTa cxovreba bunebrivi sikvdiliT dasrulda. maTi xsenebis dRis daweseba gacilebiT gvian moxda, vidre mowameebisa. unda iTqvas, rom mowameTa xsenebis dRe sauflo dReebis Semdeg yvelaze uZvelesia eklesiis sadResaswaulo dReTa Soris. isini win uswreben TviT mociqulTa dReebsac ki. eklesiis winamZRvarTa da mamaTa xsenebis dRis daweseba SedarebiT gviandelia; swored am xsenebaTa SemoRebis TadarigTanaa dakavSirebuli zemoT moyvanili cnobac, e.i. III saukuneSi am ukanasknelTa xsenebis dRis damkvidrebac faqtia.

mowameTa dRis aRniSvnasTan dakavSirebiT Semonaxulia III-IV saukuneebis mravali cnoba, romelTagan gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa iseTi oficialuri dokumenti, rogoricaa Rangris saeklesio krebis (340 wl. axlo) dadgenileba: `ukueTu vinme ganlaRebuli cnobad mizezad iÃumios da krebani mowameTani sZagden, anu maT Sina qmnilni Jamis-wirvani da saÃsenebelni maTni, SeCuenebul iyvnen~ (Rangris krebis me-20 kanoni _ didi sjuliskanoni, 295) da sxva. motanili cnobebi saeWvos ar xdis mowameTa xsenebis dRis arsebobas II saukunidan, rasac momdevno saukuneebSi, ra Tqma unda, ufro meti intensiobiTa da mravalferovnebiT dResaswaulobdnen. naTlad ar Cans, Tu rogor sruldeboda es dResaswaulebi uadres periodSi, xolo mogvianebiT, ara ugvianes IV saukunisa, ukve mogvepoveba cnobebi mowameTa xsenebis dReebSi maTi `wamebis~ wakiTxvisa eklesiaSi RvTismsaxurebis dros. wmindanTa wamebis `aqtebis~ RvTismsaxurebis dros kiTxvis tradicia, romelic, safiqrebelia, II-III saukuneebidan daiwyo, IV da momdevno saukuneebSi ukve gavrcelebul, dakanonebul saxes iRebs. avgustiane mravalgzis aRniSnavs RvTismsaxurebaSi aseTi sakiTxavebis Sesaxeb: `wameba, romelic dRes Cven wagvikiTxes...~ da a.S1. an kidev: `rodesac kiTxuloben vrcel wamebas, an romelime grZel sakiTxavs, visac ar SeuZlia fexze mdgarma gaZlos, SeuZlia dajdes wynarad da mSvidad da yuradRebiT moisminos, rac ikiTxeba~2.

karTagenis saeklesio krebam 397 w. daadgina: `...xolo jer-ars aRmokiTxvaÁ RuawlTa da vnebaTa mowameTaÁsa, raJams wliTi-wlad saÃsenebelni maTni aResrulebodin~3.

amrigad, mowameTa cxovrebebis wakiTxva qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis dros Tu II saukunidan, SesaZlebelia, ufro kerZo xasiaTs atarebda, IV s. ukve miiRo dakanonebuli saxe da maSindeli arc Tu mdidari RvTismsaxurebis mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgenda. im periodSi aseTi dReebis aRniSvna mowameTa mxolod `martvilobebis~ wakiTxviT amoiwureboda, radgan jer kidev ar iyo ganviTarebuli himnografiuli elementi da `wamebebs~ ar

1 Скабалланович М., dasaxel. naSromi, gv. 191.2 Bingham I., Originum sive antiquitatum ecclesiasticarum, liber XIV, 1754, p.86.3 karTagenis krebis 46-e kanoni _ didi sjuliskanoni gv. 307.

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axlda miTiTebebi troparebis, kondakebisa da sxvaTa wakiTxvaze. saeWvo ar unda iyos, rom mowameTa xsenebis dResaswaulebs Tavidan viwro adgilobrivi saeklesio xasiaTi eqneboda. Semdeg, rodesac zogierTma mowamem gansacvifrebeli aRsasruliT didi popularoba moipova ara marto mezobel eklesiebSi, aramed mis farglebs gareTac, safuZveli Caeyara gamoCenili mowameebis xsenebis saerTo qristianuli dResaswaulebis SemoRebas. aseTia mag. stefane pirvelmowame, egnati RmrTismetyveli, polikarpe smirneli da sxva. maTi xsenebis dReebis ukve II saukuneSi axlos iyo imasTan, rom saerTo qristianul dResaswaulebad qceuliyo. rogorc ukve vTqviT, mowameTa xsenebis dReebi saeklesio wlis uZvelesi saxsenebeli dReebia sauflo dResaswaulebis Semdeg da win uswreben mociqulTa xsenebis dReebsac, magram msoflio qristianuli eklesiis dResaswaulebad mowameTa dReebze adre mainc mowame mociqulTa dReebi gaxdnen. axali sarwmunoebis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebam da qristianeTa devnis Sewyvetam kidev ufro gaaZliera mowameTa dResaswaulebis aRniSvna. amas Tavis mxriv xels uwyobda is garemoeba, rom qristianebs daculi hqondaT mravali mowamis `wmida nawilebi~ da saflavi1, icodnen maTi wamebis droc. yvela qristianul eklesias hqonda Sedgenili am mowameTa grZeli siebi, sadac naCvenebi iyo ama Tu im mowamis mowamebrivi aRsasrulis dRe. mowameTa àRsrulebis~ droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb cnobebis ZiriTadi nawili Semonaxuli iyo im àqtebSi~2, romlebic dgeboda qristianebis sikvdiliT dasjis dros. adgilobrivma eklesiebma swored am cnobaTa da TviTmxilveli qristianebis mier Canawerebis safuZvelze Seadgines kalendari, sadac wlis Tveebis mixedviT iyo aRniSnuli mowameTa wamebis dReebi da adgilebi.

aseTi kalendrebi Tavdapirvelad dgeboda warmarTul kalendrebTan erTad. ufro sworad, warmarTuli kalendrebi Seicavda qristianul dResaswaulebsac. aseTia, magaliTad, e.w. filokolus kalendari~3. es tipiuri warmarTuli kalendaria 354 wlisa, magram masTan SeerTebulia 12 romaeli papis sia maTi dasaflavebis dRis miTiTebiT. aqvea sia 22 romaeli (304 wlamde) da ramdenime araromaeli mowamisa (kvipreli da sxv.) mowameTa garda aris ori xseneba mociqulTa, qristes dabadebis dRe da a.S.

aseve naxevrad warmarTulia silvius ptolomeusis kalendari, romelic Seicavs rogorc warmarTul (monebis dResaswauli, keisrebis dabadebis dReebi, senatis sxdomebi da sxv.), ise qristianul dResaswaulebsac (gamocxadeba qristesi, jvarcma, aRdgoma, Soba da mowameTa xsenebis dReebi)4.

1 qristianuli devnis periodSi romaelTa kanoniT sikvdiliT dasjilis gvami eZleoda msurvels (Kellner H., Heortalogie oder das Kirchenjahr und die Heiligenfaste in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung, 1901, 131).2 am àqtebis~ aslebis miReba msurvels SeeZlo garkveuli safasuriT (Ruinarti Th., Acta martirum, II, 1803, 46;47).3 Сергий, dasax. naSromi, I, gv. 40.4 Kellner H., dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 196; Скабалланович М., dasaxel. naSromi, gv. 308.

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wminda qristianuli kalendrebidan uZvelesia siriuli kalendari, Sedgenili 370-400 ww. es kalendari Seicavs TiTqmis mxolod aRmosavleTis mowameebis xsenebebs, romelTa umetesi nawili aRar gvxvdeba Semdegdroindel aRmosavlur kalendrebSi. 180 mowameTa xsenebis dRidan gviandelebSi mxolod 45 xsenebaRa aris SemorCenili. amasTanave aRsaniSnavia, rom gviandelma kalendrebma Semoinaxes im mowameTa xsenebani, romlebic siriuli kalendris periods ekuTvnian, magram siriul kalendarSi maTi xseneba ar aris. es garemoeba adasturebs, rom IV saukuneSi ukve arsebobda mowameTa ara erTi da ori kalendari, romlebic zogjer ise vrceli iyo, rom Seicavda mraval xsenebas weliwadis yvela dReze1.

aseTivea karTagenis kalendari Semdegi saTauriT: `aq Tavmoyrilia wmindanTa wamebani, romelTa xsenebas yovelwliurad dResaswaulobs karTagenis eklesia~2. yvelaze gviandeli xsenebis dRe VI s. dasawyiss ekuTvnis. sul miTiTebulia 80 dRe, romelic mowameTa xsenebas Seicavs, Tumca es kalendari iwyeba 13 apriliT da wydeba 16 Tebervalze. wmindanTa saxelebs axlavs titulic: `mowame~, `wmida mowame~, `mociquli~ da a.S.

saeklesio kalendari TandaTanobiT gamdidrda axali dResaswaulebiT, upirveles yovlisa, mowameTa dResaswaulebze adre masSi is sauflo dResaswaulebi gaCnda, rogoricaa jvarcma, aRdgoma, gamocxadeba, xolo ufro gvian qristesTan, RvTismSobelTan da ioane naTlismcemelTan dakavSirebuli sxva dResaswaulebi. erT-erT upirveles dResaswaulTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba mociqulTa, rogorc qristianuli sarwmunoebisaTvis wamebulTa dResaswaulebi. male kalendarSi aRiniSna eklesiis `mamaTa~ gardacvalebis xsenebebic, rac kargad Cans karTagenis episkoposis kviprianes (gard. 258 w.) zemoaRniSnuli epistolidan, magram maTi dResaswaulebi iwodeba sxva terminiT _ `xseneba~ an `micvaleba~ winaaRmdeg mowameTa xsenebis dReebisa `wameba~. sozomenis cnobiT, TiToeuli damoukidebeli eklesia aRniSnavda Tavis mowameTa dResaswaulebs da eklesiis mamaTa xsenebebs3. ufro mogvianebiT qristianeTa devnis Sewyvetasa da mowameTa ricxvis SemcirebasTan erTad gamoCndnen axali moRvaweebi meudabnoe ber-monazonTa saxiT, romelTa gansacvifrebelma saqmeebma bevri maTganis sikvdilisTanave gamoiwvia maTi wmindanTa rigebSi Caricxva. amasTanave Zveli aRTqmis wmindanTa `nawilebis~ mikvlevam da maT mier Cadenilma `saswaulebma~ gamoiwvia mogoneba maTi Rvawlisa. amrigad, kalendrebi TandaTan ivseboda da mravalferovan masalas iZenda4. kalendarze didi gavlena iqonia agreTve wminda

1 IV s. moRvawe amasieli episkoposi asteriosi ambobs: ̀ ar aris weliwadis arc erTi dRe mowameTa xsenebis gareSe darCenili. da Tu romelime mowameTa moyvaruli moindomebs maTi wamebis yvela dRe idResaswaulos, misTvis arc erTi dRe ar iqneba ara sadResaswaulo~ (Сергий, I, 10).2 gamocemulia bolandistebis mier: Acta Sanctorum, Novemb., II, LXX.3 Созомен, Церковная история, I, 3.4 Сергий, полн. Месац. Востока, I, Владимир, 1901, стр. 12. unda aRiniSnos, rom pirvelad kalendarSi damkvidrda `makabelTa~ da `CCÂlTa~ dResaswaulebi, agreTve winaswarmetyvelebisa.

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adgilobrivma qristianulma dResaswaulebma da istoriulma movlenebma (mag. konstantinepoluri kalendrebi da sxv.)

kalendrebi ivseba angelozTa dResaswaulebiTac. aRsaniSnavia, rom konstantine didma konstantinepolis maxloblad aaSena miqel mTavarangelozis saxelobis taZari. angelozTa Tayvaniscemam zogierT adgilas (frigia, pisidia da sxv.) iseTi farTo da gadaWarbebuli xasiaTi miiRo, rom gamoiwvia laodikiis krebis dadgenilebis 35-e muxli: `viTarmed ara uÃms qristeaneTa datevebaÁ RmrTisa eklesiisaÁ da warslvaÁ da angelozTa saxelis debaÁ da Sesakrebelisa qmnaÁ, romel-ese gangdebul ars~1.

rogorc aRvniSneT, Cvenamde moRweuli uZvelesi kalendrebi (IV-VI ss.), romelTagan zogi warmarTul kalendrebTanaa SeerTebuli (filokolus, sil. ptolomeusis), xolo zogi ki mxolod qristianuli dResaswaulebis Semcvelia (karTagenis, goTuri, romauli martirologebi da sxva), dasavleTis tipisaa. amdroindeli wminda berZnuli kalendrebi ar Senaxula (aRmosavluri tipis uZvelesi kalendaria siriuli _ 411-412 w. siriul enaze), Tumca am periodSi maTi arseboba savaraudebelia. Cvenamde moRweuli uZvelesi berZnuli kalendrebi RvTismsaxurebaSi sakiTxavad gamoyenebul saxarebasa da samociquloebzea darTuli. arqimandriti sergi kalendrebis Sesaxeb Tavis specialur SromaSi aRniSnavs, rom saxarebasa da samociquloebze darTuli kalendrebi hagiologiis sxva ZeglebTan SedarebiT uZvelesia. aseTi kalendrebi wminda aRmosavluri _ konstantinepoluri _ warmoSobisa arian, romlebic zogjer ierusalimur gavlenasac gviCveneben. sergis dakvirvebiT saxareba-samociquloebze darTuli kalendrebi gansxvavdebian ara marto erTmaneTisagan, aramed yvela im kalendrisagan, romelsac Seicavs svinaqsrebi, Tvenebi da tipikonebi. ase rom, Znelia moiZebnos ori iseTi kalendaric ki, savsebiT rom emTxveodes erTmaneTs. TviT mokle kalendrebic ki, romlebic Seicaven umTavres dResaswaulebs, igiveobas ar gviCveneben. amave avtoris SeniSvniT, momavali kvleva-Zieba kidev gamoavlens iseT kalendrebs, romlebic mogvcemen cnobebs ucnobi mowameebisa da wmindanebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, svinaqsarTa Semdgenlebs, romelTac mdidari masala aqvT amokrebili Zveli kalendrebidan, mainc mTlianad ver gamouyenebiaT samociquloebsa da saxarebebze darTuli uZveles kalendrebSi Sesuli yvela mowamis Sesaxebi cnobebi2.

aseTi tipis berZnuli kalendrebidan uZvelesia Sulcis mier gamocemuli XI s. xelnaweriT moRweuli kalendari, romelic praRis biblioTekaSia daculi. masSi cota raodenobiTaa warmodgenili wmindanebis xsenebis dReebi, sul 93 dRe, da yvelaze gviandelia melitineli episkoposis dometianes xseneba (gard. 601 w.) sergi ganixilavs 20-ze met uZveles kalendars, romlebic saxareba-samociqulozea darTuli. ram gamoiwvia kalendrebis SeerTeba axali aRTqmis

1 laodekiis krebis 35-e kanoni, didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 257.2 Сергий, dasax. naSromi, gv. 80-90.

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wignebTan? qristianuli eklesiis pirvelma dResaswaulebma, romlebic dakavSirebuli iyvnen umTavresad qristes, agreTve RvTismSoblisa da iovane naTlismcemlis cxovrebis mniSvnelovan momentebTan, gamoiwvia saRmrTo werilidan (saxareba, mociqulTa epistoleebi) am dResaswaulebze wasakiTxavad Sesaferisi adgilebis SerCeva. aseTi sakiTxavebi gauCnda RvTismsaxurebaSi Semosul mowameTa xsenebis dReebsac. aseTi sakiTxavebis SerCevis sistemam gamoiwvia e.w. `sarCevebis~ Sedgena, romlebic uCvenebdnen, saRmrTo werilis esa Tu is adgili romel dRes da ra dResaswaulTan dakavSirebiT unda wakiTxuliyo. es sarCevebi, romelTac kalendaruli forma hqondaT, erTvoda RvTismsaxurebaSi sakiTxavad gamoyenebul saxarebasa da mociqulTa epistoleebs1. sainteresoa, rom aseTi sarCevebi atarebdnen `menelogiis~, `sÂnaqsris~ an kidev `kanonaris~ saxels. Sinaarsoblivad isini erTmaneTisagan ar gansxvavdebodnen da udridnen im kalendrebs, romlebic dasavleTSi `martirologiebis~ saxelwodebiT iyo cnobili. aqedan cxadia, rom svinaqsris saxelwodebiT yovelTvis ar iwodeboda is, rasac dRes `sÂnaqsars~ (mokle cxovrebis Semcveli krebuli) vuwodebT. `sÂnaqsrad~ Tavdapirvelad iwodeboda RvTismsaxurebaSi gamoyenebuli saxareba-samociquloebze darTuli kalendrebi, romlebic mxolod wmindanTa saxelebs Seicavda da ganawilebuli iyo Tvis dReebSi maTi xsenebis mixedviT. gacilebiT gvian, rodesac Camoyalibda da SedarebiT dasrulebuli saxe mieca saeklesio tipikonebs, masSi Sevida `sÂnaqsris~ saxeliT cnobili kalendaric, romelic wmindanTa kalendruli dReebis garda, Seicavda sxva liturgikul miTiTebebs da ganagebda RvTismsaxurebis rituals mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi. am kalendarma SeinarCuna Tavisi saxelwodeba `sÂnaqsari~ da tipikonis erT-erT mniSvnelovan nawilad gadaiqca, xolo tipikonis ganviTarebasTan erTad da istoriul-hagiografiuli masalis SeTvisebis Sedegad axali forma miiRo. sityva `sÂnaqsari~ niSnavs krebuls, Sekrebas da miuTiTebs, rom qristianebi did dResaswaulebze, da gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani mowameebis xsenebis dReebSi maT sadideblad ikribebodnen taZarSi (eklesiaSi). swored es dReebi iyo aRniSnuli saxareba-samociqulos e.w. `maCveneblebSi~ (an `sarCevebSi~) xolo Semdeg ki, rogorc vTqviT, `sÂnaqsris~ saxelwodebis qveS igulisxmeboda tipikonis is nawili, sadac mocemulia wmindanTa da mowameTa da saerTod qristianuli dResaswaulebis kalendari, gavrcobili maTi biografiuli, Tu istoriuli cnobebiT da liturgikuli miTiTebebiT (miTiTebani troparebze, kondakebze, litaniaze da sxv.)

saxareba-samociquloebze darTuli uZvelesi kalendrebidan yvelaze adrindelia: moriCelis mier 1788 wlis xelnaweris mixedviT gamocemuli

1 Красносельцев Н., Типик Церкви св. Софии в Константинеполе (IX в), Одесса, 1892, стр. 18.

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kalendari1, zemoaRniSnuli Sulcis gamocemuli kalendari, anu svinaqsari2 da sinas biblioTekis kanonari, romelic gamosca antonim 1874 w.3 mag. moriCelis mier gamocemuli `menologia~ Seicvas sul 143 xsenebis dRes mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi da yovel xsenebasTan miTiTebulia sakiTxavebis dasawyisi da dasasruli saxarebidan da mociqulTa epistoleebidan, xolo zogierTi mniSvnelovani dResaswaulis dRes (xareba, gamocxadeba, RvTismSoblis miZineba, Soba, oqropiris xseneba) damatebiT mocemulia liturgikuli miTiTebanic4.

SedarebiT gviandeli periodisaa marTlmadidebluri eklesiis is wigni _ tipikoni, romelic Seicavs RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis wesebsa da Tanamimdevrobas; maTgan zogierTma Semoinaxa amasTanave `sÂnaqsris~ gavrcobili krebulebi, rogorc misi erT-erTi ZiriTadi Semadgeneli nawili. saeklesio tipikoni dasrulebuli saxiT, rogorc yoveldRiuri, Svideulisa da mTeli wlis RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis wesebis regulatori, im periodSi Camoyalibda, roca RvTismsaxurebis zemoaRniSnulma ZiriTadma nawilebma gamokveTili, myari saxe miiRes5.

tipikonma dRidan Casaxvisa dasrulebuli saxis miRebamde ganviTarebis grZeli da rTuli gza ganvlo. mis damuSavebasa da CamoyalibebaSi wvlili miuZRvis sxvadasxva epoqisa da Taobis mraval cnobilsa da kidev ufro met ucnob saeklesio Tu saero moRvawes.

tipikonis istoriis Seswavlam prof. n. krasnoselcevi miiyvana im daskvnamde, rom misi warmoSobis safuZveli iyo RvTismsaxurebaSi sakiTxavad gamoyenebuli axali aRTqmis wignebze darTuli zemoaRniSnuli `sarCevebi~, romlebic droTa ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva garemoSi rTuldeboda kidev ufro meti liturgikuli miTiTebebiT ama Tu im saeklesio wirvisa, Tu ritualis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb. ase unda Cahyroda safuZveli pirveldawyebiT tipikons, romelic Semdeg samrevlo da samonastro eklesiebis RvTismsaxurebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT TandaTan ikrebda masalas. amas daemata qtitorTa mier daarsebuli monastrebisaTvis micemuli wesebic, romlebic ZiriTadad disciplinarul miTiTebebs Seicavdnen. am wesebma tipikonebSi adgili poves misi ganviTarebis adreul etapzeve. aqve unda aRiniSnos is Sevsebac, romelic tipikonma miiRo evqologionidan, Tvenebidan da RvTismsaxurebis sxva wignebidan6. am masalis gamoyenebis Sedegad gamoikveTa tipikonis adrindeli tipi, romelic ukve axlos iyo zogad saeklesio

1 Красносельцев М., dasax. naSr., gv. 20.2 Aug. Schulz, De menologii duobus codicum graecorum bibliothecae reginae Parisiensis, Bonnae, 1823. 3 Древний канонарь синайский, Тр. Киевской Дух. Ак., V, VI, 1874.4 Красноскльцев Н., dasax. naSromi, gv. 20.5 Мансветов И., dasax. naSromi, gv. 1.6 Мансветов И., dasax. naSromi, gv. 21.

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daniSnulebis tipikonis im tipTan, romelic ufro gvian Camoyalibda (XI-XII ss.).

saeWvo ar aris da arc sakvirveli, rom RvTismsaxurebis pirveli nabijebi ierusalimSi gadaidga, radgan swored ierusalimi iyo qristianuli sarwmunoebis aRmocenebis adgili.

ierusalimSi, qristes saflavis taZarSi SemuSavebuli RvTismsaxurebis praqtika didi xnis ganmavlobaSi marTavda marTlmadidebluri eklesiis RvTismsaxurebas (sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom ierusalimis es `ganCineba~ anu `kanoni~ qarTulma wyaroebmac Semogvinaxa IX s. xelnawerSi. magram, rogorc akad. k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, is naTargmni unda iyos VIII s. pirvel naxevarSi, xolo misi ZiriTadi fena VII saukunes ganekuTvneba)1.

ierusalimis eklesiuri hegemonis mze male Caesvena. amis ZiriTadi mizezi mahmadianTa gamudmebuli Semosevebis Sedegad ierusalimis daqceva iyo. 614 w. ivnisSi ierusalimi sparsTa mefem xosrom daipyro da morwmuneTa mTeli armia _ 90000 kacze mati _ mospo. sparselebma miwasTan gaaswores ierusalimisa da misi midamoebis eklesiebi da taZrebi, gaZarculi da darbeuli iqna aRdgomisa da qristes saflavis simdidriT ganTqmuli eklesiebi. amas daemata xalifa omaris mier 637 wels ierusalimis xelmeored damxoba. mis mierve 639-640 wlebSi darbeul iqna aRmosavleTis sxva sapatriarqoebic. mxolod konstantinopolis patriarqma SeinarCuna damoukidebloba da amaRlda aRmosavleTis sxva patriarqebze. Tuki konstantinopolis patriarqi VII saukunemde TiTqmis mTlianad damokidebuli iyo ierusalimis `qristes saflavze~ SemuSavebul `ierusalimis kanonze~2, VII saukunidan swored konstantinopolis sapatriarqo gaxda marTlmadidebluri samyaros uZlieresi centri, romelmac TandaTanobiT gaavrcela Tavisi gavlena aRmosavleTis sxva eklesiebze. wm. sofiis didi eklesiis (532-538 w.). da mis axlomaxlo sxva mniSvnelovani taZrebisa da eklesiebis aSenebam, patriarqis siaxlovem imperatoris karTan da RvTismsaxurebis mdidrulad Sesrulebam xeli Seuwyo didi eklesiis (e.i. wm. sofiis) tipikonis ganviTarebas da misi moqmedebis sferos sul ufro da ufro gavrcelebas. Semdgomma istoriulma movlenebma kidev ufro Seuwyo xeli konstantinopolis didi eklesiis wesdebis gavlenis gaZlierebas. 1009 w. xalifa al-hakimma mTlianad daangria qristes saflavisa da aRdgomis taZrebi, sadac jer kidev tradiciiT Semonaxuli iyo ierusalimis RvTismsaxurebis mdidruli praqtika. amdenma ngrevam, bunebrivia, gamoiwvia ierusalimis mdidruli RvTismsaxurebis gaqroba, xolo VII

1 К. Кекелидзе, Иерусалимский канонарь..., 1911; misive etiudebi, V, gv. 246-47.2 es gavlena RvTismsaxurebis wesis Sesrulebis garda Zlierad igrZnoboda `wmida~ adgilTa saxelwodebaSic, romlebic konstantinepolSi aRmocenda ierusalimis `wmida~ adgilTa saxelwodebebis mibaZviT. aseTive mdgomareoba gvqonda ierusalimis `kanonis~ mcxeTis sapatriarqo taZarSi gamoyenebisas (k. kekeliZe, etiudebi, V, gv. 246-247).

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saukunidan dawyebuli konstantinopolis wesdebis ganviTarebas kidev ufro meti gasaqani mieca. aRniSnuli droidan didi eklesiis tipikonis ganviTareba sakuTriv konstantinopolis niadagze xdeba. aq is sxvadasxva garemoebaTa gavleniT gamdidrda axali masaliT (rogoricaa adgilobrivi istoriuli movlenebi da dResaswaulebi: barbarosTa Semoseva, axali taZrebis kurTxeva, imperatorTa da patriarqTa xsenebani, miwisZvrebi da a.S.1). aRsaniSnavia, rom konstantinopolis didi eklesiis tipikonma gavlena iqonia samonastro tipikonebzedac. RvTismsaxurebis gangeba da wmindanTa xsenebis dResaswaulebi ZiriTadad konstantinopolis sapatriarqo tipikonis zegavleniT dgeboda konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi Semaval eklesia-monastrebis tipikonebSic, romlebsac samonastro cxovrebis pirobebis Sesabamisad damatebiT monazonTa cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis disciplinaruli nawilic hqonda. es gavlena kargad Cans IX-X saukuneebSi Camoyalibebuli studielTa monastris tipikonis Cvenamde moRweul nusxebSi (e.w. `mokle monaxazebi~ _ υpotυpwsi...) da mis wmindanTa xsenebis kalendarSic. Tumca studielTa monastris tipikonma adgilobriv pirobebTan SefardebiT axali masalac daumata tipikonis rogorc kalendarul, ise liturgikul nawilsac2.

qristes saflavisa da konstantinopolis didi eklesiis tipikonebi sapatriarqo, e.i. samrevlo eklesiaTa tipikonebis tipebs ganekuTvnebian. garda aseTi tipikonebisa, RvTismsaxurebaSi cnobilia samonastro tipikonebi. samonastro tipikonebis Camoyalibeba dakavSirebulia ber-monazvnobis warmoSobasTan. samonastro cxovrebis specifikam Tavis mxriv gamoiwvia iseTi wesebisa da kanonebis SemoReba, romelTa gaTvaliswineba samrevlo eklesiebisaTvis saWiro ar iyo. umTavresad es Seexeboda samonastro cxovrebis disciplinarul mxares, romelsac unda ganesazRvra ber-monazonTa moRvaweobis, yoveldRiuri cxovrebis yovelgvari wvrilmanic ki, agreTve RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis samonastro cxovrebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli, specifikuri rituali. aseTi tipikonebidan cnobilia zemoaRniSnuli Teodore studielis monastris tipikoni konstantinopolSi da saba ganwmedilisa _ palestinaSi.

studielTa monastris tipikoni, romlis warmoSoba am monastris winamZRvris Teodore studielis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli, sinamdvileSi ki misi anderZisa da studielTa monastris praqtikis safuZvelze gacilebiT gvian Seiqmna, gavrcelda konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi, aTonis mTaze, sadac man aTanases lavraSi damkvidrebul RvTismsaxurebis praqtikasTan SerwymiT axali saxe miiRo, Seivso axali, adgilobrivi pirobebiT gasaTvaliswinebeli masaliT, rac upirveles yovlisa, disciplinarul nawils exeboda3. aTanases lavridan

1 Лисицын М., dasax. naSromi, gv. 3-8.2 Сергий, dasax. naSromi, gv. 204-205.3 П. Успенский, История Афона, ч. III, Киев, 1877, стр. 151; Мансветов И., dasax. naSromi, gv. 223.

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studielTa monastris tipikoni gavrcelda aTonis sxva monastrebSic1. rogorc aRvniSneT, studielTa monastris RvTismsaxurebis praqtikaze didi gavlena moaxdina konstantinopolis wm. sofiis eklesiis tipikonmac, iseve rogorc palestinaSi saba ganwmedilis tipikonze qristes saflavis taZarSi daculma RvTismsaxurebis praqtikam. es gavlena RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis ritualTan erTad vrceldeboda wmindanTa xsenebis dReebzedac, Tumca studielTa monastris wmindanebis xsenebanic Tavis mxriv Sevida didi eklesiis `sÂnaqsarSi~, gacilebiT mcire raodenobiT, vidre SesaZlebelia yofiliyo studielTa monastris kalendarSi, an mosaxsenebel aRapebSi2.

hagiologiuri masalis mxriv mniSvnelovania mxolod didi eklesiis, e.i. konstantinopolis wm. sofiis tipikonebi, radgan wmindanTa mokle biografiuli da istoriuli cnobebis Semcveli yvela sruli svinaqsaruli krebuli konstantinopoluria. aseTi tipikonebis nusxebi jerjerobiT ramdenimea cnobili. amaTgan uZvelesia patmosis biblioTekis IX-X saukuneebis # 266 xelnaweri. es tipikoni sxvadasxva wyaroebidan Sedgenili Cans. sxvaTa Soris, xSirad erTi da igive wmindani ganmeorebulia erTsa da imave dRes; Semdgenels igi sxva wmindanad miuCnevia, radgan wyaroSi es saxeli damaxinjebuli yofila3. aseTi SemTxvevebi mravlad SeiZleba moiZebnos giorgi mTawmidlis `did sÂnaqsarSic~, rac kidev erTxel adasturebs varauds, rom `didi sÂnaqsris~ hagiologiuri nawilis wyaro patmosis xelnaweris tipis erT-erTi nusxa unda iyos. am tipikonSi yvelaze gviandelad konstantinopoleli patriarqis egnatis xseneba (garda. 877-878 w. 23 IX) da vulis eklesiis kurTxeva (20 V 894 w. axlo xanebSi) miaCniaT4.

patmosis biblioTekis tipikoni gamoirCeva wmindanTa xsenebebis siuxviT, saSualod 5-7 xseneba erT dRes; Tumca svinaqsaruli cxovreba axlavs mxolod erTi an ori wmindanis saxels, danarCenebisa mxolod sadauroba da zogjer wamebis adgilia miTiTebuli. am svinaqsars sxva cnobil srul svinaqsarebsa da gavrcobil kalendrebs Soris saSualo adgili uWiravs.

konstantinopolis patmosis biblioTekis tipikons drois erTi monakveTis produqtad ar miiCneven. rogorc sergi fiqrobs, masSi SesaZlebelia gamoiyos fenebi, rac adasturebs, rom es tipikoni saukuneebis manZilze ivseboda. mag: am tipikonSi 16/XII dadebulia mowame vakxas xseneba, romelsac aqvs aseTi SeniSvna: `iwama Cven dros palestinaSi, irine da konstantine mefeebis dros~-o5 (780-797). safiqrebelia, rom aseTi formiT saxsenebeli meqanikurad unda iyos gadmotanili

1 giorgi mTawmidelis `did sÂnaqsris~ disciplinaruli nawilis umetesi statiebi, gadamuSavebuli saxiT, swored aTanases `tipikonidan~ unda iyos aRebuli (К. Кекелидзе, Литургические памятники..., 1907; стр. 483).2 Сергий, dasax. naSromi, I, gv. 204.3 iqve, gv. 28.4 iqve, gv. 140-141.5 Сергий, dasax. naSromi, I, gv. 140.

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gadamweris mier. TavisTavad es adgili amtkicebs, rom aseTi gavrcobili svinaqsaruli krebuli, rogorc tipikonis Semadgeneli nawili, ukve VIII s. meore naxevrisaTvis Camoyalibebul saxes atarebda.

aRniSnuli svinaqsris safuZveli mowameTa xsenebebis Semcveli uZvelesi svinaqsar-kalendaria, romelic TandaTanobiT gavrcelda da Seivso momdevno drois dResaswaulebiT1.

aseTive tipis sruli svinaqsaria sapatriarqo biblioTekis # 40 xelnaweri, romelic Seicavs konstantinopolis wm. sofiis tipikonis xelnawerTan SedarebiT ufro srulyofil da ganviTarebis ufro maRal doneze mdgar axal nusxas. es tipikoni da masSi Semavali gavrcobili svinaqsari Sedgenilia bizantiis imperator konstantine VII porfirogenetis davalebiT X saukunis Sua wlebSi2. am tipikonis Sedgenas umTavresad hagiografiuli mizani hqonda, rogorc es Semdgenelis anderZidan Cans; imperators misTvis dauvalebia yvela im wmindanis cxovrebis mokle mimoxilvis Sedgena, romelTa xsovnas eklesia aRniSnavs. man xeli mohkida am Znel saqmes da arsebuli Sromebis safuZvelze Seadgina mokle cxovrebani, sadac naCvenebia _ vin iyvnen isini, rodis cxovrobdnen, vis dros da rogor ewamnen. Semdgeneli aRniSnavs, rom igi ar cdila enawylianoba gamoeCina, aramed undoda simarTle moeTxro3.

svinaqsaruli nawilis mixedviT, konstantine imperatoris davalebiT Sedgenili tipikoni konstantinopolis tipikonis ganviTarebis axal safexurs warmoadgens. tipikonis es nawili patmosis nusxasTan SedarebiT ierusalimis nusxaSi safuZvlianadaa gadamuSavebuli da gavrcobili. aq moTavsebulia im wmindanebis svinaqsaruli cxovrebani, romelTa Sesaxeb patmosis xelnawerSi da sxva svinaqsarebSi xsenebac ar aris, an kidev mxolod xsenebania biografiis gareSe (mag. 23/X, 9/I, 14/I, 12/III da a.S.). patmosTan SedarebiT ierusalimuri nusxa xSirad gavrcobilia axali faqtebiT. igi zogjer srulad iyenebs patmosis nusxis masalas (13/VIII), xSirad ki Tavidan bolomde sarwmuno faqtebze dayrdnobiT axleburad gadmogvcems ama Tu im wmindanis cxovrebis epizods4.

konstantinopolis didi eklesiis tipikonis am ori nusxis dawvrilebiTi ganxilva imitom dagvWirda, rom warmogvedgina svinaqsaruli nawilis ganviTareba-Sevsebis is gza, romliTac svinaqsarul cxovrebaTa evolucia warimarTa, kerZod, konstantinopolis tipikonze sagangebod SeCereba unda

1 iqve, gv. 140-141.2 papandopulo-keramevsiT 945-50 w. («Визант. временник», 1896 г.,III, Вып. 3, стр. 89 и 435); beliaeviT 950-956 w. («Визант. врем., III-IV, 1896 г., стр. 437);3 Беляев Д. Новый список др. Устава Конст-ских церквей, («Визант. врем.», III-IV, 1896 г., стр. 438-439);4 Дмитриевский А., Новыя даныя для истории типикона Великой церкви конст-ской, «Тр. Киевской Дух. Акад»., 1902, 12, стр. 519.

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gavamarTloT imiT, rom qarTulma eklesiam swored am tipikoniT warmarTa Tavisi RvTismsaxureba X-XII-Si. qarTul RvTismsaxurebaSi svinaqsarul cxovrebaTa danergva konstantinopolis svinaqsarSi moTavsebul mokle cxovrebaTa yalibze mimdinareobda TiTqmis XVIII saukunemdec ki. marTalia, giorgi mTawmidlis `didi sÂnaqsris~ wyaroebis migneba momavali Ziebis saqmea, magram, safiqrebelia, rom misi hagiologiuri nawili konstantinopolis tipikonis im nusxidan unda iyos gadmoRebuli, romelic patmosis xelnawerze gviandelia, magram ierusalimur nusxaze adrindeli da maT Soris saSualo adgili uWiravs. am varaudis safuZveli aRniSnuli sami nusxis (patmosis, ierusalimurisa da `didi sÂnaqris~) zogierTi dRis xsenebaSi Cans, rac calke kvlevis sagania.

garda ganxiluli svinaqsarebisa, cnobilia svinaqsarTa sxva nusxebic, magram qarTuli svinaqsaruli masalis maTTan siaxlove ar aris mosalodneli1, amitom maTze aRar SevCerdebiT (basilis menologia X s., petres tipikoni XI s., galeqsili svinaqsari XI s. da mxolod slavurSi SemorCenili basilis menologiis saxesxvaoba XI s. bolo da XII s. dasawyisi da sxva).

mokled rom gaviTvaliswinoT is, rac zemoT iTqva, berZnuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi hagiografiuli nawilis Casaxvisa da gadmocemis formebis ganviTarebis suraTi SeiZleba ase warmovidginoT:

1. qristianuli sarwmunoebis aRmocenebis periodSi RvTismsaxureba imdenad primitiuli iyo, rom mxolod fsalmunis, locvebis, qadagebisa da saRmrTo werilis kiTxviT amoiwureboda. igi jer kidev ar Seicavda hagiografiuli masalas, ramdenadac es masala jer kidev Camoyalibebuli ar iyo.

2. meore saukunidan iwyeba mowameTa xsenebis dRis damkvidreba da savaraudebelia maTi cxovrebis kiTxva am dResaswaulebis aRniSvnis dros.

3. III-IV saukuneebSi mowameTa cxovrebebis wakiTxva eklesiebSi RvTismsaxurebis aucilebeli da savaldebulo nawilia (karT. kreb. kanoni 48).

4. sauflo da mowameTa dReebis dResaswaulebis CamoyalibebasTan dakavSirebiT Seiqmna e.w. svinaqsar-kalendrebi, romlebic uCvenebdnen saRmrTo werilidan da mowameTa aqtebidan ra masala rodis unda wakiTxuliyo.

5. momdevno saukuneebSi (V-VIII) axali da Zveli aRTqmis wignebTan dakavSirebuli saeklesio dResaswaulebisa da agreTve axal mowameTa da wmindanTa dResaswaulebis ricxvis zrdam aseTi kalendrebis TandaTanobiT Sevseba da gavrcoba gamoiwvia. xsenebanic wmindanTa mxolod saxelis aRniSvnidan gafarTovda maTi cxovrebis umTavresi faqtebis mokled gadmocemamde (wamebis dro, adgili da sxva). am drois kalendrebis umravlesoba mraval liturgikul miTiTebasac Seicavs.

1 hagiografiuli masalis mxriv zogjer Cans igiveoba basilis menologiasa da `did sÂnaqsars~ Soris, rac maT mier saerTo wyaros gamoyenebas unda mieweros.

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6. saeklesio tipikonebis Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis garkveul etapze aseTi svinaqsar-kalendari, `sÂnaqsris~ saxelwodebiT tipikonis SemadgenlobaSi Sevida, rogorc RvTismsaxurebis maregulirebeli mTeli wlis manZilze.

7. VIII saukunidan tipikonis svinaqsaruli nawili axal formas iRebs. ramdenime tipikonis `sÂnaqsari~ (ZiriTadad konstantinopolis didi eklesiisa) Seicavs zogierTi mowamis, Tu wmindanis mokle, zogjer mozrdil cxovrebas, e.w. svinaqsarul cxovrebas, romelic wmindanis umTavres biografiul cnobebs gadmogvcems da hagiografiul masalaze dayrdnobiT aris Sedgenili (aseTebia patmosis biblioTekis # 266, ierusalimis sapatr. biblioTekis # 40, drezdenis bibl. xelnaweri # 104, basilis menologia da sxva.) am mokle cxovrebebma, vfiqrobT, nawilobriv Secvales RvTismsaxurebaSi zogierTi vrceli `cxovrebis~ wakiTxvis saWiroeba.

8. svinaqsarul cxovrebaTa Semdgomi damuSavebisa da srulyofis tendencia kargad igrZnoba IX-X saukuneebis tipikonebis mixedviT (ierusal. # 40, basilis menologia), romlebSic Cans imis cda, rom `sÂnaqsarSi~ Sesul yvela wmindans hqondes aseTi svinaqsaruli cxovreba da Tanac is, rac SeiZleba vrceli da adrindel msgavs krebulebTan SedarebiT meti cnobebis Semcveli iyos.

* * *

qarTuli RvTismsaxurebis Casaxva da Semdgomi ganviTareba sul sxva pirobebSi mimdinareobda, vidre berZnulisa. IV saukuneSi, rogorc cnobilia, berZnuli RvTismsaxureba ZiriTadad Camoyalibebulia, amdenad qarTul sinamdvileSi saWiro aRar iyo RvTismsaxurebis ganviTarebis im elementaruli safexurebis gavla, rasac berZnulSi vxedavT; qarTulma eklesiam RvTismsaxurebis mzamzareuli formebi miiRo da misi upirvelesi sazrunavi am formebis gadmoqarTuleba gaxda.

qarTuli liturgikuli mwerloba Caisaxa palestinis IV-V saukuneebis im monastrebSi (xaritonisa da saba ganwmedilis lavrebi), romlebSic am droisaTvis qarTvelTa moRvaweobis faqti eWvs ar iwvevs. amdenad, bunebrivia, vifiqroT, rom qarTulad RvTismsaxurebis pirveli wignebi iTargmna im enidan, romelzedac Seiqmna qristianuli mwerlobis pirveli Zeglebi, e.i. berZnuli enidan, Tumca siriulidan Targmnis SesaZleblobac ar aris gamoricxuli1.

akad. k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, rom qarTulad RvTismsaxureba qristianobis SemoRebisTanave ver Sesruldeboda, radgan manamde saWiro iqneboda liturgikuli wesebis gadmoqarTuleba da saeklesio pirebis momzadeba. amitom qristianobis SemoRebidan erTi saukune mosamzadebel periodad unda vivaraudoT. ase rom qarTuli RvTismsaxurebis dasawyisi V s. naxevridan unda

1 К. Кекелидзе, Литургические памятники..., 1908; стр. XI-XII.

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viangariSoT1. Tavdapirveladve qarTuli RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis dros berZnulis msgavsad ikiTxeboda saRmrTo werili, fsalmuni, locvebi, qadagebani da mowameTa aqtebi. marTlac, `SuSanikis wameba~ gvaZlevs safuZvels, vifiqroT, rom V s. meore naxevarSi qarTulad arsebobda saxareba, saqme mociqulTa da mowameTa wignebi2. saba ganwmendilis anderZi (532 w.) gvamcnobs, rom mis lavraSi moRvawe qarTvelebs ufleba hqondaT qarTulad SeesrulebinaT Jamnoba, samxroba da waekiTxaT saxareba da samociqulo3. VI saukunis gasuls, kirion kaTalikosis dros, rogorc es qarTvel-somexTa eklesiis meTaurTa mimoweridan Cans, saqarTvelos eklesiis 35 eparqiaSi RvTismsaxureba qarTulad sruldeboda, curtavSi _ somxuradac4.

qarTul saeklesio mwerlobaSi nacionalur moRvaweTa `martvilobebis~ warmoSoba-Seqmnas, unda vifiqroT, Tavidanve liturgikuli daniSnulebac hqonda. marTalia, aseTi Txzulebebi mowameTa ukvdavsayofad da dampyrobelTa Zalmomreobis uZneles periodSi erovnuli ideebisa da qristianuli sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebis saagitaciod iwereboda, magram maTi wakiTxva morwmuneTaTvis mxolod qristianeTa Sekrebebze, e.i. RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis dros iyo SesaZlebeli, rac TavisTavad miuTiTebs hagiografiis am nawilis Tavdapirveladve liturgikul daniSnulebaze. marTlac, `wameba-cxovrebis~ Cvenamde moRweul Zvel qarTul Zeglebs, rom araferi vTqvaT mogviano xanis Txzulebebze, saTaurSive miTiTebuli aqvT dRe, romelic dadebulia am wmindanis saxseneblad da gulisxmobs RvTismsaxurebaze aRniSnuli Txzulebis wakiTxvas.

qarTvel moRvaweTa da sxva nacionaluri qristianuli uZvelesi dResaswaulebis dawesebis Sesaxeb qarTulma wyaroebma bevri mniSvnelovani cnoba Semogvinaxa. am cnobaTa mixedviT Cans, rom aseTi xsenebebi V-VI ss. moZravi qristianuli dResaswaulebis dReebSi ideboda. magaliTad, SuSanikis xseneba misi gardacvalebisTanave daido xuTSabaTs: `da dRe xuTSabaTi iyo, romelsa ganvaweseT saÃsenebeli wmidisa SuSanikisi`5; mirianis dros `daaweses dResaswauli ZleviT Semosvlisa juarisaÁ aRvsebisa zatikisa zatiksa, dResa kÂriakesa~6; `martÂliisa ukuana _ dResa oTxSabaTsa~7; `pirvelsa xuTSabaTsa

1 k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, 1941, gv. 527.2 iakob curtaveli, wamebaÁ SuSanikisi, il. abulaZis gamocema, 1938, gv. 17. 3 Tumca dimitrievski fiqrobs, rom `iberebis~ nacvlad Tavdapirvelad teqstSi unda yofiliyo, Aρmenou rac Semdeg Segnebulad unda gadaesworebiaT berZnebis somxebisadmi antipatiuri damokidebulebis gamo (Путешествие по востоку и его научное значение, 1890, стр. 18). saerTod ki avtori ar uaryofs samecniero literaturaSi miRebul azrs, rom ukve V s. paleqstinaSi qarTvelebs hqondaT damoukidebeli monastrebi. 4 К. Кекелидзе, Литургические памятники..., 1907, стр. X.5 `wamebaÁ SuSanikisi~, il. abulaZis gamocema, 1938, gv. 46.6 Т. Жордания, Описание...II, стр. 795; agreTve iovane-zosimes kalendari, gv. 25.7 iqve.

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Semdgomad amaRlebisa _ daviT garejelisa~1; `pirvelsa oTxSabaTsa Semdgomad amaRlebisa _ dodo garejelisa~2; `kÂriakesa mesamesa zatikTa _ mcxeTis juarisaÁ~3; `Ãorcielisa paraskevsa~4 da g zatiksa, dResa SabaTsa _ wmidisa ninoÁsi~5; `yvelierisa xuTSabaTsa _ SioÁsi~6 da sxva.

zemoT CamoTvlil wmindanTagan, rogorc vxedavT, arc erTi ar aris VI saukuneze gviandeli moRvawe; dResaswaulebic VI s. adre dawesebuli Cans. es garemoeba gvafiqrebinebs, rom V-VI saukuneebSi wmindanTa xseneba ideboda mxolod Svideulis dReebSi, moZrav dResaswaulebze, rac TavisTavad miuTiTebs, rom am droisaTvis nacionalur wmindanTa dResaswaulebis dawesebis kalendaruli sistema jer kidev Camoyalibebuli ar aris, radgan samarxvo dResaswaulTa sistema ufro adre Camoyalibda, vidre saeklesio wlis dResaswaulTa kalendris mixedviT aRniSvna7, Svideulis dReebSi dawesebuli wmindanTa dResaswaulebi ufro arqaulia, vidre kalendaruli xsenebis dReebi. amas adasturebs Tundac is faqti, rom mogviano xanis liturgikul ZeglebSi yvela dasaxelebul moRvawes kalendaruli xsenebis dRe moepoveba, mag. SuSaniks _ 17 oqtomberi8, daviT garejels _ 28 maisi (iSviaTad), dodo garejels _ 28 maisi (iSviaTad), ninos _ 14 ianvari, Sio mRvimels _ 9 maisi. xsenebis dReTa uZvelesi saxiT aRniSvna mxolod siriel mamebs _ daviT garejels, Sio mRvimels da dodo garejels SemorCaT, isic paralelurad, xolo SuSanikis, ninos da abibos dResaswaulebi mxolod xsenebis kalendaruli sistemiT damkvidrda. qarTuli eklesiis uZveles wmindanTa _ raJden pirvelmowamis, evstaTi mcxeTelisa da cxra kolaelTa xsenebis dReebi Tavdapirvelad moZrav dResaswaulebze daideboda, Tumca maTi cxovrebani da uZvelesi liturgikuli Zeglebi amis Sesaxeb aras gvamcnoben, xolo mogviano xanis ZeglebSi (mag, A _ 97/ XI s.) maTi xseneba ukve weliwadis kalendrul dReebSia dadebuli.

VIII-IX saukuneebis ZeglebSi wmindanTa dResaswaulebi ukve Tavis dReebSia warmodgenili. mag. abos xseneba dawesda naTlisRebis meore dRes, 7 ianvars; IX-X saukuneebSi Seqmnili Zegli ̀ cxovrebaÁ serapion zarzmelisaÁ~ wmindanis xsenebis dRed ukve wlis kalendrul dRes _ 29 oqtombers miuTiTebs: `xolo ganvaweseT

1 saqarTvelos samoTxe, gv. 265.2 iqve, gv. 292.3 iovane zosimes kalendari, iv. javaxiSvilis gamocema, sinis mTis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, gv. 225.4 Sin. 5, 28v (minaweri teqstis xeliT); Jer. 42, 78v; Sin. 9; Sin. 17.5 parizis leqcionari, Rt.VIII #3 (III), 301v. (k. kekeliZe am xsenebas uCvenebs iovane-zosimes kalendarSi, rac Secdomaa. qarTuli literaturis istoria, 1951, gv. 109).6 H-1349, 1r.7 И. Мансветов, Церковный Устав, Москва, 1885, стр. 45, 58.8 ZiriTadad, Torem gvxvdeba misi xseneba sxva dReebSic: 2 oqtombers-A-111, 48z, 1703-15w.w, A-152, 46z, 1742w., Q-627, 356z, XVIII s.; centr.arq.#488, XVIII s. 21 agvistos A-97-300v, XI s. arSiaze teqst. xeliT; A-1486, 197v, 1765 w. 1 noembers _ Q-662, XVII s.

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saÃsenebeli wmidisa amis galobiTa da SesxmiTa sulieriTa da Ramis TeviTa dResaswaulobiTa okdonbersa ocdacxras...~1. xsenebaTa kalendarze gadasvla qarTul sinamdvileSi VII-VIII saukuneebidan unda dawyebuliyo. Tumca, Zveli sistema, albaT, pirvel xanebSi mainc, paralelurad ganagrZobda arsebobas, xolo Semdeg TandaTan gamoidevna. zogierTma dResaswaulma ki paralelurad bolomde SeinarCuna aRniSvnis Tavdapirveli saxe (daviT garejeli, dodo garejeli, Sio mRvimeli da sxva qristianuli dResaswaulebi).

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, qarTvel moRvaweTa xsenebis dRes RvTismsaxurebaze Tavidanve maT `wamebebs~ da `cxovrebebs~ kiTxulobdnen. amis Sesaxeb zogierTi `cxovrebis~ teqstic metyvelebs, romelSic xSiria msmenel-morwmuneebisadmi aseTi mimarTvebi: ̀ momipyreniT saCinoni ege sasmenelni Tquenni...~ (wamebaÁ aboÁsi, Zv. qarT. lit. qrest. I gv. 56), `sayuarelno, nu gewyinebin smenad sityuaTa amaT...~ (iqve, gv. 57), `miiReT Cemgan sanatreli ese smenaÁ wmidisa mowamisa~ (iqve, gv. 63), àw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen aRsasruli wmidisa da sanatrelisa SuSanikisi~ (iqve, 1,34), `sayuarelno...~ mimarTva msmenelebisadmi (kostanti kaxis wameba _ qrest. I, gv. 74), ìxileT, rasa vityÂ, morwmuneno, anu raÁ ars dRes mizezi sityÂsa Cemisa da Tquenisa aqa Semokrebisa~ (raJdenis wameba, qrest. I, gv. 241), èse netarisa ninoÁs cxovrebaÁ Seuwyobelad da ganbneulad... aRreulad ewera... amisTvs saeklesio mkiTxvelTaTvs friad sawyino iyo da msmenelTaTÂs uÃmar da ver sacnaur...~ (arsen beri, cxovrebaÁ wm. ninoÁsi, saekl. muz. gamocema, #10, gv. 51-52) da sxva mravali. motanili magaliTebi naTlad metyveleben ama Tu im moRvawis sruli cxovrebis RvTismsaxurebis dros wakiTxvis saWiroebaze.

marTalia, nacionaluri wmindanebis ̀ wameba~ _ ̀ cxovrebani~ qarTul eklesias arc Tu ise didi raodenobiT hqonda, magram vrceli cxovrebis RvTismsaxurebaze wakiTxvis praqtikam, rogorc Cans, mainc gadasinjva moiTxova, radgan is dReebi, romlebSic wmindanis `cxovreba~ ikiTxeboda, droTa ganmavlobaSi gadaitvirTa nacionaluri, zogadqristianuli da msoflio eklesiis wmindanTa dResaswaulebiT. amas unda gamoewvia wmindanTa xsenebis dReebSi wasakiTxi masalis Semoklebis praqtikuli saWiroeba. marTlac, aris sakmao safuZveli vifiqroT, rom RvTismsaxurebaSi zogierTi didi zomis cxovreba amave moRvawis Semoklebulma cxovrebam Secvala. aseT Semoklebul cxovrebebs SeiZleba svinaqsaruli tipis cxovrebani vuwodoT2, radgan Cveulebriv svinaqsarul cxovrebebTan SedarebiT Semoklebuli cxovrebani gacilebiT vrcelia da arc erT liturgikuli xasiaTis krebulSi (e.i. svinaqsarSi, an sadResaswauloSi) ar aris Sesuli. aseTi svinaqsaruli tipis cxovrebebs SegviZlia mivakuTvnoT:

1 Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, I, s. yubaneiSvilis gamocema, 1946, gv. 97.2 akad. s. janaSia (Sromebi, t. II, gv. 288, sqolio) asurel mamaTa mokle cxovrebebs svinaqsaruli midrekilebis cxovrebebs uwodebs, xolo prof. il. abulaZe _ erTgvar svinaqsarul redaqcias (asurel moRvaweTa cxovrebis Zveli wignebi, gv. XVI).

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SuSanikis wamebis 940 w. somxuridan naTargmni Semoklebuli cxovreba1, ioane zedaznelis, Sio mRvimelis, daviT garejelisa da abibos nekreselis cxovrebaTa mokle redaqciebi; ilarion qarTvelis, arCil mefis2, ninos, petre iberis cxovrebaTa mokle variantebi. aRniSnul cxovrebebs safuZvlad vrceli redaqciis teqstebi udevs. ufro dawvrilebiT am sakiTxze TiToeuli moRvawis cxovrebis svinaqsaruli redaqciis ganxilvisas SevCerdebiT. magram sainteresoa is garemoeba, rom CamoTvlil `cxovrebaTa~ mokle redaqciebis umetesoba ar scildeba X-XI saukuneebis farglebs, e.i. win uswrebs qarTul eklesiaSi svinaqsaruli cxovrebis Janris damkvidrebas, aqedan gamomdinare giorgi mTawmidlis mier `didi sÂnaqsris~ Targmnas. mxolod ninosa (XIII s.) da petre iberielis cxovrebaTa mokle variantebia Seqmnili cota mogvianebiT, albaT, tradiciis gavleniT.

VI-IX saukuneebis danarCen moRvaweebs `sÂnaqsris~ saqarTveloSi gavrcelebamde ar gaaCniaT cxovrebis mokle redaqciebi da TviT maTi svinaqsaruli cxovrebanic, garda umciresi gamonaklisisa (abos _ XIV s. daviT da konstantinesi _ XIII-XIV ss.), Cven mxolod XVIII saukunidan mogvepoveba (evstaTi mcxeTelis, gobronis, kostanti kaxisa), an kidev srulebiT ar Senaxula Cvenamde (grigol xanZTelis, serapion zarzmelis, cxra Zma kolealTa). rogorRa avxsnaT es faqti? nuTu maTi xsenebis dReebSi ar iyo saWiroeba iseTive tipis Semoklebuli cxovrebani wakiTxuliyo, rogorc es ilarion qarTvelis, asurel moRvaweTa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb aRvniSneT? gadaWriT raimes Tqma Znelia, mxolod SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom kostanti kaxis, gobronisa da cxra Zma kolaelTa wamebani ar moiTxovdnen Semoklebuli cxovrebebis Sedgenas, radgan maTi cxovrebis teqstebi arafriT ar aRemateba mokle tipis cxovrebebs, ufro metic, zogierTTan SedarebiT isini mcirenic ki arian. rac Seexeba evstaTi mcxeTelis, daviT da konstantines, grigol xanZTelisa da serapion zarzmelis cxovrebebs, isini Cvenamde Tavdapirveli saxiT ar Semonaxulan. maT, rogorc cnobilia, gadamkeTebel-metafrastis xelSi gauvliaT da, amdenad, Znelia maT kimenur redaqciebze msjeloba. magaliTad, daviT da konstantines XII s. Seqmnili cxovrebis arc Tu vrceli zomis metafrastuli redaqcia, rogorc samecniero literaturaSia aRniSnuli3, Seqmnilia am mowameTa Rvawlis Semcveli Zveladve arsebuli Txzulebis safuZvelze, da, safiqrebelia, gacilebiT mokle iyo metafrastulTan SedarebiT. amitom misi liturgikuli daniSnulebiT

1 romlis dedans akad. k. kekeliZe svinaqsaruls uwodebs (qarT. lit. ist., I. gv. 110, sqolio).2 arCil mefis dResaswaulis uZvelesi dRe (ioane-zosimes kalendriT 15 ianvars) eWvs badebs, rom arsebobda misi cxovrebac, romlis Semoklebuli saxe unda iyos arCilis `qarTlis cxovrebiseuli~ mokle nusxa.3 k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, t. I, 1951, gv. 503.

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gamoyeneba savsebiT SesaZlebeli iqneboda. msgavsi SemTxvevebi mosalodnelia im cxovrebebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebmac Cvenamde mxolod mogviano metafrastuli redaqciebiT moaRwies.

Cven SevecadeT Zvel nacionalur moRvaweTa Semoklebuli cxovrebis arsebobis, Tu ar arsebobis faqtebisaTvis Taviseburi gamarTleba gvepova, magram rogorRa avxsnaT, rom X-XII ss-Si abo Tbilelisa da ninos cxovrebaTa vrceli redaqciebis gverdiT ara gvaqvs maTi mokle cxovrebani, miT umetes, rom vrceli redaqciebi sakmaod didi moculobisani arian. vfiqrobT, rom ninos xsenebis dRes mis vrcel cxovrebas kiTxulobdnen, mas Semdegac ki, rodesac `didi sÂnaqsris~ gavleniT Sedga qarTveli wmindanebis svinaqsaruli cxovrebani da maT Soris, wm. ninosic. Cveni azriT, amas adasturebs Sin. 4 (XI s.) xelnaweris wm. ninos dRis `gangeba~, romelSic mokle svinaqsaruli cxovrebis Semdeg 14/I miTiTebulia: ìkiTx~n orjer cxovrebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi~1. Cveni azriT, aq ninos vrceli cxovreba igulisxmeba da ara svinaqsaruli. aqedan gamomdinare, ninos Semoklebuli cxovrebis Sedgenis saWiroebis sakiTxi Tavdapirvelad X-XI saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiisaTvis ar mdgara, xolo XII-XIII ss. Seiqmna kidec misi cxovrebis mokle redaqcia2, romelsac mxolod liturgikuli daniSnuleba unda hqonoda.

igive SeiZleba iTqvas abos Sesaxebac. am Txzulebis kompozicia kargad upasuxebs RvTismsaxurebaze wasakiTxi cxovrebis yvela moTxovnas. Txzulebis Sesavals, romelic qristianuli sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebasa da erovnuli TviTSegnebis gaRvivebas isaxavs, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom homiletikuri forma aqvs; meore da mesame Tavi abos cxovrebisa da wamebis faqtebs gadmogvcems, meoTxe Tavi ki ~Sesxmis~ brwyinvale nimuSia. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom X saukunisaTvis, rodesac Cven mier aRniSnuli svinaqsaruli tipis liturgikuli cxovrebani warmoiSva, abos wameba mainc vrceli formiT ikiTxeboda; misgan Semoklebuli cxovreba ar SeudgeniaT. Semoklebuli cxovrebis nacvlad, albaT, gamoyenebuli iyo àbos wamebis~ mesame Tavi, romelsac calke saTauri aqvs: `wamebaÁ wmidisa haboÁsi~. am eWvis sasargeblod laparakobs cnobili X s. sinas xelnaweri (Sin. _ 11), romelSic es Zegli zandukisa da pirveli Tavis gareSea warmodgenili3, da agreTve SedarebiT mogviano drois ramdenime hagiografiuli krebuli, romlebSic sxva qarTvel da msoflio eklesiis moRvaweTa vrcel cxovrebebTan erTad Sesula abos wamebis mxolod mesame Tavi4. marTalia, XIII-XVIII ss. xelnawerebze dayrdnobiT aseTi varaudis daSveba gaumarTlebelic SeiZleba mogveCvenos, magram, safiqrebelia, rom am krebulebSi Sesuli cxovrebani gacilebiT Zveli dednebidanaa aRebuli. àbos wamebis~ mxolod mesame Tavis

1 Sin. 4, gv. 100.2 Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, gv. 216-231. q. cxadaZe, ucnobi avtoris `ninos cxovreba~, saiubileo krebuli korneli kekeliZes _ 1959, gv. 401.3 G. Garitte, Gatalogue des manuscrits géorgiens littéraire du mont Sinai, Louvain, 1956, 41.4 A-70. XIII s.; S-3269, 1720-iani wl., A-643, XVIII s.

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Setana am krebulebis SemdgenelTa iniciativa ar unda iyos _ igi iseTi Zveli krebulidan unda iyos gadmoRebuli, romelic `abos wamebis~ mxolod am nawils Seicavda. am varaudis sasargeblod laparakobs igive sinas xelnaweri da A _ 10. `abos wamebis~ es Tavi sruliad dasrulebuli Txzulebis saxes atarebs: mas aqvs calke saTauri da Sesavali, romelSic avtori mimarTavs msmenel qristianebs: `romelni xarT qristes moyuareni da martÂlT-moyvareni, miiReT Cemgan sanatreli ese smenaÁ wmidisa mowamisa da qristÀs moRuawisaÁ, romeli simÃniTa da didebiTa gÂrgÂnosan iqmna qristes mier!~1. Txroba abos wamebis Sesaxeb wina Tavebisagan damoukidebladac dasrulebul iers atarebs. zemoaRniSnuli monacemebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom RvTismsaxurebaze am nawils SeeZlo abos Semoklebuli cxovrebis magivroba gaewia, Tuki abos dResaswaulis dRes misi Semoklebuli tipis cxovrebis wakiTxva aucilebeli iyo.

amrigad, qarTul RvTismsaxurebaze wmindanTa sruli cxovrebis wakiTxvis praqtika, romelic, safiqrebelia, IX-X saukuneebamde grZeldeboda, Secvala amave srul cxovrebaTa safuZvelze Sedgenilma Semoklebulma, svinaqsaruli tipis cxovrebebma, rac eklesiis praqtikuli saWiroebis, drois ekonomiis mizniT unda gakeTebuliyo. aseTi tipis cxovrebebis Seqmnis qronologiuri sazRvrebi X-XI saukuneebiT unda Semoifarglos, xolo maTi gamoyeneba `didi sÂnaqsris~ Targmnisa da amasTan dakavSirebiT RvTismsaxurebaSi kidev ufro mokle svinaqsaruli cxovrebebis damkvidrebis Semdegac, maT paralelurad, ar aris moulodneli (mag. ninosa da petre iberis mokle cxovrebebi).

giorgi mTawmidlis mier `didi sÂnaqsris~ TargmniT, Cveni azriT, iwyeba qarTuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi hagiografiuli masalis axali formiT warmodgenis morigi etapi. im mizeziT, rom efTvimes mier konstantinopoluri tipikonis Semoklebuli Targmani imdroindel liturgikul saWiroebas veRar akmayofilebda, giorgi mTawmidelma dekanozobis dros Targmna amave tipikonis SedarebiT sruli redaqcia, romelsac efTvimes naSromTan SepirispirebiT `didi sÂnaqsari~ uwoda. giorgi mTawmidlis Sroma, rogorc es ukve aRniSnulia, ar warmoadgens erTi romelime garkveuli Zeglis Targmnas: mis sxvadasxva nawilebs sxvadasxva wyaro unda moepovebodes. savsebiT bunebrivi Cans, rom giorgi mTawmidelma Tavis naTargmn ZeglSi disciplinarul nawilzedac izruna, radgan yoveli monastrisaTvis aucilebeli es nawili mis ZiriTad wyaros _ konstantinopolis wm. sofiis didi eklesiis tipikonis nusxebs, rogorc sapatriarqo-samrevlo eklesiis wesdebis wigns, ar gaaCnda. `didi sÂnaqsris~ disciplinaruli nawili aTanase aTonelis lavrisaTvis SemuSavebuli tipikonis _ Diatύpwsi... gadmokveTeba unda iyos2. Tavis mxriv, aTanase aTonels es tipikoni

1 Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, I, gv. 63.2 К. Кекелидзе, Литург. памятники..., стр. 487-497.

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studielTa monastris tipikonidan _ Upotύpwsi.. (`mokle monaxazebi~) gadmoukeTebia1. `didi sÂnaqsris~ samarxvo nawilic studielTa monastris tipikonidan Cans aRebuli, xolo svinaqsaruli nawili ki _ konstantinopolis didi eklesiis tipikonis erT-erTi nusxidan, rogorc amas akad. k. kekeliZe fiqrobs2. amrigad, giorgi mTawmidlis ̀ didi sÂnaqsari~ Seqmnili Cans studielTa monastrisa da konstantinopolis didi eklesiis tipikonebis safuZvelze. sakiTxavia, ratom studielTa monastris tipikonebidan ar aiRo man svinaqsaruli nawilic? es mxolod im garemoebiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom studielTa monastris tipikonebi svinaqsarul nawilSi kalendris moculobas ar gascilebian3, xolo didi eklesiis tipikonebis svinaqsaruli nawili wmidanTa biografiul masalas _ svinaqsarul cxovrebebsac Seicavdnen. amJamad `didi sÂnaqsris~ swored es hagiologiuri nawili gvainteresebs, radgan Targmnis procesSi da ufro mogvianebiTac masSi qarTuli hagiografiuli masala Sevida.

berZnulidan naTargmn `did sÂnaqsarSi~, marTalia, Tavidanve Sevida nacionaluri hagiografiuli masala, magram mcire raodenobiT (13 maiss efTvimes svinaq. cxovreba, 14/VI ioane aTonelis xseneba). saerTod unda iTqvas, rom am Zeglis Semdeg droindeli nusxebic XVII-XVIIII s-mde ar gamoirCevian qarTuli masalis siuxviT.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, giorgi mTawmidelma `did sÂnaqsarSi~ TargmnisTanave Seitana efTvime mTawmidlis svinaqsaruli cxovreba, romelic masSi Sesul yvela moRvawis svinaqsarul cxovrebaze gacilebiT vrcelia. qvemoT Cven davwrilebiT gveqneba laparaki am Txzulebis Sesaxeb da amitom aq aRar SevCerdebiT.

`didi sÂnaqsris~ sxvadasxva samwerlos kerebSi gadaweram mis sxvadasxva nusxebSi adgilobrivi qarTuli elementis gaCena gamoiwvia. aRsaniSnavia, rom mTargmnelis miTiTebebis miuxedavad (mag. A _ 97, 312 f.) ukve XI saukunidanve Cndeba gadamwerlebis da adgilobrivi eklesiebis `mamaTa~ sanqciiT qarTvel moRvaweTa ara marto xsenebani, aramed svinaqsaruli cxovrebanic. am mxriv jvaris monastris # 24-25 `sÂnaqsari~, romelic specialurad aris gadawerili jvaris monastris pirveli mSeneblis, proxores (12/II) svinaqsaruli cxovrebisa da aRapis (17/I) Sesatanad. `didi sÂnaqsris meore nusxa, romelic ninos sul mokle svinaqsarul cxovrebas (14/I) Seicavs, gadawerilia sina mTaze XI sauk. II naxevarSi (Sin.-4).

XI saukuneSive aris savaraudebeli ilarion qarTvelis jer xsenebisa da Semdeg svinaqsaruli cxovrebis Setana `did sÂnaqsarSi~, Tumca jerjerobiT misi svinaqsaruli cxovrebis Semcveli Cvenamde moRweuli ̀ didi sÂnaqsris~ nusxebidan

1 И. Мансветов, Церков. Устав..., 223.2 К. Кекелидзе, dasax. naSromi, gv. 497-502.3 И. Мансветов, dasax. naSromi, gv. 63.

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uZvelesi XII saukunisaa (A-222, A-626). Cveni azriT, am varaudis sasargeblod laparakobs is garemoeba, rom ilarionis xseneba da sagalobeli jer kidev giorgi mTawmidelma Seitana `TuenSi~. `Tuenis~ qarTuli masala, garda ilarion qarTvelisa da efTvime mTawmidlis sagaloblebisa, iadgarebidan aris aRebuli. ilarionisa da efTvimes sagaloblebis `TuenSi~ sakuTari iniciativiT Setana gviCvenebs, rom giorgi mTawmideli gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda am ori moRvawis rols qarTuli eklesiis cxovrebaSi. `didi sÂnaqsris~ XI saukunis nusxebSi swored `TuenSi~ xsenebisa da sagaloblis Setanis safuZvelze unda gaCeniliyo ilarionis xseneba. XI saukunis miwurulisaTvis misi svinaqsaruli cxovrebis gaCena amave Zeglis nusxebSi SesaZleblad migvaCnia, miT umetes, rom ukve unda arsebuliyo ilarionis svinaqsaruli tipis Semoklebuli cxovreba, romlis kidev ufro Semoklebas warmoadgens `did sÂnaqsarSi~ Sesuli cxovreba. ilarionis xsenebisa da cxovrebis svinaqsarSi Setanas mtkice safuZveli hqonda im mxrivac, rom igi msoflio marTlmadidebluri eklesiis wmindanad iTvleboda.

ai, is qarTuli hagiografiuli masala, romelic `did sÂnaqsarSi~ Sevida misi Targmnis momentidan XI saukunis bolomde. rogorc vnaxeT, qarTuli masalis `did sÂnaqsarSi~ SetanaSi wvlili miuZRvis sazRvargareTis ramdenime qarTul samwerlo keras (aToni, jvaris monasteri, sinas mTa). Semdeg, `sÂnaqsris~ nusxebis sxvadasxva adgilebSi gadawerasTan dakavSirebiT, masSi qarTvel moRvaweTa xsenebebis ricxvi TandaTan izrdeboda. am mxriv sainteresoa XI s-is A-97 `sÂnaqsari~, romlis aSiebze teqstis xeliTve miwerilia qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebani svinaqsaruli cxovrebis gareSe, radgan, rogorc Cans, am Zeglis gadamwers ver gaubedavs xsenebaTa ZiriTad teqstSi Setana (saerTod. giorgi mTawmidlis anderZi krZalavda aseTi damatebebis Setanas). p. ingoroyva fiqrobs, rom es xsenebebi amoRebuli unda iyos e.w. `klarjuli sÂnaqsridan~. gaurkvevelia, ra igulisxmeba `klarjul sÂnaqsarSi~: klarjeTSi gadawerili `sÂnaqsari~ Tu klarjeTSi Sedgenili qarTuli liturgikuli wigni? Cven vfiqrobT, rom es faqti ufro martivad SeiZleba aixsnas. XI saukuneSi saeWvo ar unda iyos qarTuli eklesiis wmindanTa xsenebaTa kalendris arseboba, ufro sworad kalendrisa, romelic msoflio eklesiis wmindanTa da dResaswaulTa gverdiT Seicavda qarTvel moRvaweTa xsenebebs. swored aseTi kalendris mixedviT unda iyos Setanili zemoaRniSnuli xsenebebic A-97 ̀ sÂnaqsris~ aSiebze.

sainteresoa, aRiniSnos is faqti, rom `sÂnaqsris~ aSiebze miwerili xsenebani xSirad am xelnaweridan gadawerili Zeglebis ZiriTad teqstSi Sedioda da am gziT Rebulobda sanqcias. magaliTisaTvis isev A-97 xelnaweri gamogvadgeba; A-97 `sÂnaqsris aSiaze, rogorc aRvniSneT, miwerilia zogierTi qarTveli moRvawis xseneba. aRsaniSnavia, rom es xsenebani mogviano liturgikul krebulebSi (sadResaswauloebi svinaqarebi, gulanebi da a.S.), sityvasityviT

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aris gadatanili ZiriTad teqstSi. mag: àmasve dResa (12/XI) wmidisa mRdel-mowamisa abibos nekresel episkoposisaÁ, romeli iwama cecxlis msaxurTa mier qarTls~ (56r), zustad aseTi formulirebiT aris es xseneba Sesuli A-111 gulanSi (1703-15 w.), oRond 13/XI dRes (107г, I wigni). sxvaTa Soris abibos nekreselis es xseneba yvelaze adrindelia A-97 svinaqsris xsenebis Semdeg. àmasve dResa (18/V) wm. mowameTa orTa ZmaTa daviT da tiriWanisi, romelni iyvnes somxiTiT da ewamnes taos~ (221г) _ sityva-sityviT meordeba XVII-XVIII saukunis ZeglebSi (ufro adrindeli ar Semonaxula): A-111 gulani (1703-15 w.w_ 23v, IV wigni), H-970 (401г); zogierTi Zegli ki umatebs: `...orTa ZmaTa qarTvelTa (centr. arq. 488, A-515, S-67 da sxv). àmasve dResa wmidisa mowamisa kostanti kaxisaÁ. ese iyo qarTveli aznauri didebuli da iwama sarkinozTa mier sparseTs~ (54v). zustad asea ganmeorebuli A-111-Si (100 г, I w.) ar unda iyos saeWvo, rom mogviano xanis liturgikul krebulebSi kostanti kaxis xsenebis teqsti A-97-dan, an misgan momdinare xelnaweridan unda iyos gadmoRebuli, oRond mcireodeni gansxvavebiT: àmasve dResa wmidisa mowamisa didebulisa kostanti kaxisaÁ, romeli iyo naTesaviT qarTveli da iwama sarkinozTa mier sparseTs~ (A-569, XII-XIII ss. 56 г; S-43 XVII-XVIII ss. 48 г; S-2569, 1755 w. 94 г;), oRond ara 10/XI, rogorc es A-97-Si da A-111-Sia, aramed 12/XI. SuSanikis xseneba A-97-Si 21 agvistos dResaa Setanili: àmasve dResa wmidisa mowamisa SuSanikisi, romeli iwama qarTls qmrisa misisa varsqenisgan~ (300v ). asevea ganmeorebuli es xseneba, imave dRes A-1486 svinaqsarSi (1765 w. 197v). sxva ZeglebSi misi xseneba an 17/X, an 2/X gvxvdeba. evstaTi mcxeTelis A-97-seuli xseneba (29/VII-208v) zustad meordeba quTaisis eTnograf. muzeumis -42 (XVII-XVIII ss.) sadResaswaulos ZiriTad teqstSi: àmasve dResa wm. mowamisa evstaTi mcxeTelisa, romeli iyo naTesaviT sparsi da iwama tfiliss cecxlis msaxurTa mier~ (29/VII, 308 v).

msgavsi magaliTebis motana mravlad SeiZleba rogorc A-97 xelweridan, aseve sxva Zeglebidanac; ufro metic: aRapebi Cveulebriv svinaqsris aSiebze iwereba Sesabamis dReebSi da ZiriTad teqstSi maTi Setana yovlad moulodnelia. miuxedavad amisa, msgavsi, magaliTi mainc mogvepoveba: proxore qarTvelis aRapi 17 ianvris dRes Cawerilia Jer. 24-25 svinaqsarSi. am xelnaweridan gadaweril H _ 1661-Si es aRapi aseve aSiazea gadmotanili, xolo Q-75 gviandel svinaqsarSi, romelic H-1661-dan unda iyos gadmowerili, proxores aRapi 17 ianvris dRis ZiriTad teqstSia Sesuli.

amrigad, qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebisa da svinaqsarul cxovrebaTa `sÂnaqsris~ nusxebSi TandaTanobiTi momravleba umTavresad gamowveulia zemoaRniSnuli mizezebiT.

garda XI saukunis `didi sÂnaqsrebis~ nusxebisa ramdenime qarTveli moRvawis svinaqsaruli cxovreba Semogvinaxa mogviano periodis xelnawerebmac.

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ierusalimis XII-XIII ss. #80 `didi sÂnaqsris~ aSiaze sxva mravalricxovan minawerebs Soris aris XIV saukunis xeliT miwerili abo Tbilelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis mcire teqstic. abos es svinaqsaruli cxovreba uZvelesia Cvenamde moRweul mis svinaqsarul cxovrebebs Soris, aRsaniSnavia, rom es svinaqsaruli cxovreba jerjerobiT erTaderTi nusxiTaa cnobili. abo Tbilelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis gansxvavebuli, aseve patara moculobis, danarCeni redaqciebi gviandelia da ar scildeba XVII-XVIII ss. farglebs.

XIV saukuneSi calkeul furclebze gadauweriaT da XI saukunis ierusalimis # 24-25 `didi sÂnaqsris~ saTanado adgilebze xsenebis dReebis mixedviT CaukerebiaT ierusalimis jvaris monastris mowameebis _ luka ierusalimelisa da nikoloz dvalis svinaqsaruli cxovrebani. maT sxva xelnawerebSi veRar vxvdebiT. XIII-XIV saukunis erT-erTi xelnaweri1 Seicavs daviT da konstantines mozrdil svinaqsarul cxovrebas. igi ori sxva nusxiTac gvxvdeba (XVI s. quT. - 161 da XVIII s. Q-105a gulani). am mowameTa svinaqsaruli cxovrebis danarCeni redaqciebidan erTi XVI saukunisaa (A-508), xolo danarCeni sami XVII-XVIII saukuneebis xelnawerebSia moTavsebuli.

Cven SevecadeT gveCvenebina ̀ didi sÂnaqsris~ nusxebis qarTuli hagiografiuli masaliT TandaTanobiT Sevsebis suraTi am Zeglis Targmnis momentidan XVI saukunemde, rac am periodSi arc Tu ise intensiurad mimdinareobda.

garda giorgi mTawmidlis `didi sÂnaqsrisa~ qarTvel wmindanTa ramdenime SedarebiT adrindeli svinaqsaruli cxovreba qarTuli mwerlobis sxva Zeglebmac Semogvinaxes.

Sio mRvimelis erTaderTi, XIII saukunis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis teqsti moTavsebulia ara `didi sÂnaqsris~ romelime nusxaSi, aramed specialurad Sio mRvimis monastrisaTvis gadaweril palestinis saba ganwmedilis lavris tipikonis qarTuli nusxis pirvelsave furcelze. ufro moulodnelia wm. ninos svinaqsaruli cxovrebis SedarebiT vrceli redaqciis erTaderTi nusxis moTavseba ninos sruli cxovrebis WeliSuri redaqciis teqtis bolos (H-600).

gacilebiT meti raodenobiTaa warmodgenili qarTvel moRvaweTa xsenebis dReebi da svinaqsaruli cxovrebani XVII saukunis miwurulisa da gansakuTrebiT XVIII saukunis dasawyisis qarTul liturgikul krebulebSi (svinaqsrebi, gulanebi, sadResaswauloebi da sxva). swored am periodis RvTismsaxurebis Zeglebma Semoinaxes im wmindanTa xsenebani da svinaqsaruli cxovrebani, romelTa dResaswaulebis arsebobis Sesaxeb adre periodSi mxolod maT srul cxovrebaTa safuZvelze SeiZleba msjeloba, radgan maTi svinaqsaruli cxovrebani XI-XVI saukunis `didi sÂnaqsris~ nusxebSi da sadResaswauloebSi ar moipoveba.

1 parizis nacionaluri biblioTekis #4 xelnaweri, romelic warmoadgens Tislis eklesiis (samxreT saqarTveloSi) svinaqsars.

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amasTanave, ZiriTadad XVIII saukuneebSi Seiqmna im wmindanTa svinaqsaruli cxovrebebis axali redaqciebi, romelTa uZvelesi variantebis didi nawili jer kidv XI-XIII saukuneebis liturgikuli Zeglebidan aris cnobili.

im liturgikuli krebulebidan, romlebSiac mocemulia cda, Tavi mouyaron rac SeiZleba meti nacionaluri wmindanebis dResaswaulebs, upirveles yovlisa aRsaniSnavia yof. saekl. muzeumis A-111, 1703-1715 ww. gulani. am Zeglis svinaqsaruli nawilSi, romelic giorgi mTawmidlis `didi sÂnaqsris~ nusxas warmoadgens, moTavsebulia qarTvel moRvaweTa 17 xsenebis dRe svinaqsaruli cxovrebebis gareSe da eqvsi moRvawis svinaqsaruli cxovreba. aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTvel wmindanTa uZvelesi xsenebani am Zeglis ZiriTad teqstSi gadmosulia A - 97 (XI s.) svinaqsris aSiebze teqstis xeliT miwerili xsenebebidan, an A - 97-dan momdinare sxva nusxidan. aseTia 11 xseneba, romelTa umravlesoba A - 97-is Semdeg pirvelad - A-111-Si gvxvdeba da meordeba ufro mogviano xanis liturgikul ZeglebSi (abibos nekreseli, SuSaniki, evstaTe mcxeTeli, daviT da tiriWani). wmindanTa zogierTi xseneba am ZeglSi saerTod pirvelad gvxvdeba (sahaki da iosebi, anton martomyofeli, daviT aRmaSenebeli). svinaqsarul cxovrebaTagan cnobilia mxolod efTvime mTawmidlis cxovreba. danarCenebidan _ petre iberis, gobronis da qeTevanis svinaqsaruli cxovrebani pirvelad am ZeglSia moTavsebuli. aqvea Sesuli ilarionisa da daviT da kostantines mogviano. manamde CvenTvis ucnobi, svinaqsaruli cxovrebebis axali redaqciebi.

ufro sistematur xasiaTs atarebs domenti kaTalikosis brZanebiT Sedgenili sadResaswaulo - A-425 (1718 w.) romelSic qarTuli himnografiul-hagiografiuli elementi kidev ufro gazrdilia. rogorc cnobilia, domenti kaTalikosi iyo pirveli, SedarebiT sruli qarTuli hagiografiuli krebulis (A-130, 1703-1713 ww.) Sedgenis iniciatori1. swored qarTuli hagiografiis dargSi dawyebul intensiur muSaobas unda Seeqmna idea da praqtikuli safuZveli iseTi sadResaswaulos Sedgenisa, romelSic msoflio eklesiis wmindanTa gverdiT SeZlebisdagvari sisruliT Sevidoda nacionaluri wmindanebis sadResaswauloebi da maTi xsenebis dReebis `gangeba~. sadResaswaulo (A-425), romelic Seicavs wmindanTa svinaqsarul cxovrebebsa da sagaloblebs, Tavidan bolomde ar gviCvenebs erTnair suraTs. rogorc Cans, Tavidan ganzraxuli yofila, SeedginaT sruli sadResaswaulo weliwadis yvela dRis dResaswaulis aRniSvniT, rac, marTlac, gatarebulia seqtember-aprilis Tveebis nawilSi (23 aprilamde). aqedan srul masalas Seicavs mxolod seqtember-ianvris Tveebi, xolo Teberval-aprilis Tveebis masala, e.i. svinaqsaruli cxovrebani da sagaloblebi, Zalze Semoklebulia. bolo oTxi Tve _ mais-agvisto gamokrebilia da Seicavs mxolod

1 el. metreveli, qarTuli hagiografiis krebuli da misi Semdgeneli, puSkinis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo institutis Sromebi, t. VIII, 1950, gv. 417.

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sauflo da msoflio eklesiis wmindanTa dResaswaulebs, gamonaklisia mxolod anton martomyofelis svinaqsaruli cxovreba 16 agvistos, ufro sworad, martyofis xatis sakiTxavi.

es sadResaswaulo sainteresoa imiT, rom masSi pirveladaa Setanili im qarTvel wmindanTa svinaqsaruli cxovrebani, romelTa mxolod xsenebani iyo cnobili adreuli litergikuli krebulebidan. aseTebia: abibos nekreselis, anton martomyofelis, kostanti kaxis da SuSanikis patara zomis svinaqsaruli cxovrebani; agreTve ninos, abos, gobronis, daviT da kostantines, petre iberis, qeTevanis svinaqsarul cxovrebaTa axali, manamde CvenTvis ucnobi redaqciebi.

kidev ufro met hagiografiul masalas Seicavs A-220 svinaqsaruli krebuli, romelSic Sesulia TiTqmis yvela qarTveli wmindanis cnobili da ucnobi svinaqsaruli cxovrebis nusxebi. unda aRinoSnos, rom krebulis ZiriTadi wyaro unda iyos A-425 sadResaswaulos erT-erTi nusxa, radgan am sadResaswaulos yvela svinaqsaruli cxovreba zedmiwevniTi sizustiTaa gadawerili A-220-Si. gamonakliss Seadgens mxolod ilarion qarTvelis svinaqsaruli cxovreba: A-425-Si moTavsebulia ilarionis cxovrebis is uZvelesi svinaqsaruli redaqcia, romelic `did sÂnaqsarSi~ Cvenis azriT, ukve XI saukunis bolos gaCnda, magram A-425 sadResaswaulos Semdgenels Tu gadamwers aq svinaqsaruli cxovreba ise Seumoklebia adgil-adgil mTliani frazebisa da winadadebebis usistemo amoRebiT, rom teqsti TiTqmis daumaxinjebia. rogorc Cans, _ A-220-is, Tu misi dednis Semdgenels es svinaqsaruli cxovreba Tavis krebulSi aRar gadautania da sxva wyarodan ilarionis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis gansxvavebuli, ufro gviandeli redaqcia gamouyenebia. A-200 svinaqsaruli krebulis Semdgenels ganuzraxavs A-425 sadResaswaulos xarvezis Sevseba da CvenTvis jerjerobiT ucnobi wyaroebidan Tavis krebulSi Seutania im qarTvel wmindanTa svinaqsaruli cxovrebani, romlebic domentiseul sadResaswauloSi raRac mizezebis gamo ar Sesula; aseTebia: evstaTe mcxeTelis, iovane zedaznelis, daviT garejelis, dodo garejelis, Sio mRvimelis, giorgi mTawmidelisa da efTvime mTawmidelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebani. aqedan iovane zedaznelis, daviT garejelis, evstaTi mcxeTelis, dodo garejelisa da giorgi mTawmidlis svinaqsaruli cxovrebani mxolod am krebulis mixedviTaa cnobili da arc erT, arc adrindel da arc gviandel litergikul krebulSi ar moiZebneba. Sio mRvimelisa da efTvime mTawmidelis am krebulSi (A-220) moTavsebuli svinaqsaruli cxovrebani ki axali redaqciisani arian da maTi nusxebi arc erT sxva liturgikul Zegls ar Semounaxavs. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom A-220-Si Sesula es axali hagiografiuli masala dabali mxatvruli gemovnebiTaa Sesrulebuli da xSirad daudevari naxelavis STabeWdilebasac ki qmnis. es svinaqsaruli cxovrebani, anu rogorc

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Semdgeneli maT uwodebs: `mokled aRwerili~1, `sityua mokled naTqomi~2, `mokled naTqomi~3, warmoadgenen Sesabamisi vrceli cxovrebis TiTqmis meqanikur gamonakrebs, rasac xSirad gaugebroba da azris damaxinjebac mosdevs. am krebulSi moTavsebuli zogierTi aqamde ucnobi svinaqsaruli cxovrebis teqstis mixedviT Cans, rom A-220 svinaqsarul krebuls es teqstebi romeliRac wyarodan gadmouweria, radgan iseTi meqanikuri xasiaTis Secdomebi, rac gadaweris dros xSiria, ar iZleva saSualebas A-220-is es axali hagiografiuli masala am krebulis Semdgenlis Semoqmedebad miviCnioT.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTvel wmindanTa svinaqsarul cxovrebaTa Seqmnis ZiriTadi cikli ganxiluli krebulebiT damTavrda, Tumca am krebulebze gvian, marTalia, ara aseTi koncentrirebuli saxiT, magram calkeul xelnawerebSi, mainc gvxvdeba axali svinaqsaruli cxovrebani _ ise wilknelis, ioseb alaverdelisa, Salva, elizbar da biZinasi. isini pirvelad Cndebian qarTvel moRvaweTa sruli cxovrebebis Semcvel krebulebSi, romlebic paralelurad zogierT svinaqsarul cxovrebasac Seicaven (S-3269, 1720-iani wl. da H-2077, 1736 w.) xolo Semdeg, sadResaswauloebSiac gadadian (leningr. sajaro bibl. _ 222 _ XVIII s.4 iovane batoniSvilis koleqcia). calke, damoukidebeli xelnawerebis TiTo nusxiT Semoinaxa ori gviandeli svinaqsaruli cxovreba daviT aRmaSeneblisa (H-274-XVIII s.) da Sio garejelisa (A-1367, 1686-1700 ww). calke unda aRiniSnos luarsab mefis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis Sesaxeb; pirvelad is gvxvdeba domenti kaTalikozis iniciativiT Sedgenili qarTuli hagiografiis im krebulSi (A-130, 1704-13 ww). romelSic qarTvel moRvaweTa sruli cxovrebebia Sesuli. aqedan cxadia, rom luarsabis am cxovrebas vrceli cxovrebis Seqmnamde, liturgikul daniSnulebasTan erTad, erTaderTi cxovrebis pretenziac hqonda. amrigad luarsabis is mokle cxovreba, romelsac Cven male liturgikul krebulebSic vpoulobT5, 1713 welze adre unda iyos dawerili.

aseTia Tvalis erTi gadavlebiT is hagiografiuli masala, romelic liturgikul krebulebSi Sevida XI-XVIII saukuneebis manZilze.

qarTvel wmindanTa mikvleuli svinaqsaruli cxovrebani da xsenebani ara marto `didi sÂnaqsris~ nusxebsa da sadResaswauloebSia Sesuli. zogierTi moRvawis svinaqsarul cxovrebasTan dakavSirebiT Cven gakvriT aRvniSneT, rom xandaxan aseTi masala gvxvdeba wminda hagiografiul krebulebSic. mag, nino mociqulis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis erT-erTi redaqciis erTaderTi nusxa moTavsebulia vrceli cxovrebis bolos. es xelnaweri (H-600)

1 A-220, 374v.2 iqve, 414v.3 iqve, 524r.4 es xelnaweri katalogSi SecdomiT XVII s. aris daTariRebuli.5 A-379 (1714-16 ww.), 139r.

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svinaqsarul cxovrebasTan erTad Seicavs ninos xsenebis dRis mTlian `gangebas~ sagaloblebiTurT. hagiografiul krebulebSi xSiria qeTevan dedoflis, luarsab mefis, ioseb alaverdelis, ise wilknelis, biZina, Salva da elizbaris svinaqsarul cxovrebaTa moTavseba. es garemoeba advilad asaxsnelia: laursabis, ise wilknelisa da biZina, Salva da elizbaris sruli cxovrebani daiwera besarion kaTalikosis mier XVIII s. I naxevarSi, xolo manamde maTi svinaqsaruli cxovrebani, romlebic SedarebiT adre arian Seqmnili (ara ugvianes XVIII s. dasawyisisa), sruli cxovrebis magivrobas asrulebdnen; amitom SehqondaT isini hagiografiul krebulebSi, liturgikuli krebulebis paralelurad. ioseb alaverdelis vrceli cxovreba ki saerTod ar dawerila da amdenad, misma mokle cxovrebam ikisra svinaqsaruli da sruli cxovrebis roli. ufro sxvagvarad dgas qeTevanis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis sakiTxi; ar aris eWvi, rom misi vrceli cxovreba win uswrebs svinaqsarulis Seqmnas, radgan svinaqsaruli imowmebs mas. Cven vfiqrobT, rom grigol dodorqelma dawera ara marto qeTevanis vrceli cxovreba, aramed qeTevanis dRis `gangebis~ mTeli cikli, romelSic Sedioda qeTevanis svinaqsaruli cxovreba da sagaloblebi. es masala Tavmoyrili iyo erTi Txzulebis farglebSi. grigol xuces-monazonma rom qeTevanis sagaloblebi Seqmna, amas adasturebs antoni kaTalikosis wyobilsityvaoba (787-788 gv); meore mxriT, qeTevanis dodorqeliseuli vrceli cxovreba da svinaqsaruli cxovreba hagiografiul krebulebSi TiTqmis yovelTvis erTadaa moTavsebuli da svinaqsaruli uTiTebs vrcelze. rodesac svinaqsaruli vrceli cxovrebis gareSea moTavsebuli, gaugebaria misi sityvebi: `viTarca zemore sakiTxavman cxadyos~, an `viTarca sruli cxovreba mogviTxrobs~ da a.S.

antoni martomyofelis cxovrebis vrceli redaqcia, rogorc cnobilia, ar arsebobs. misi cxovreba mxolod svinaqsaruli saxiTaa Semonaxuli da isic gviandeli, ara uadres XVII s. miwurulisa da XVIII s. dasawyisis nusxebiT. akad. k. kekeliZem gamoTqva mosazreba, rom es cxovreba vaxtang mefis `mecnier kacTa~ komisiam Seqmna specialurad `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Sesatanad1. Tu es marTlac asea, maSin es cxovreba Semdeg svinaqsarul krebulebSi gadautaniaT da liturgikuli rolic daukisrebiaT.

`didi svinaqsris~ nusxebis gareSea cnobili, rogorc aRvniSneT, Sio mRvimelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis Zveli redaqciac, Tumca es mainc liturgikul ZeglSi _ saba ganwmedilis lavris tipikonSia moTavsebuli.

amrigad, marTalia, qarTveli wmindanebis svinaqsarul cxovrebaTa umravlesoba `didi sÂnaqsris~ adrindelma Tu gviandelma nusxebma Semogvinaxa,

1 akad. k. kekeliZis varaudi eWvs badebs. qvemT Cven SevecdebiT davadasturoT, rom antoni martomyofelis cxovreba `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ gadatanilia hagiografiuli krebulidan.

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magram paralelurad sakmao odenobiT arian isini Setanili sadResaswauloebSi, gulanebSi, hagiografiul krebulebsa da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zogierT nusxaSic ki.

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romanoz erisTavi da misi ucnobi Txzuleba*

VI saukunis Sua wlebi qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis istoriaSi mniSvnelovani TariRia. swored aqedan iTvlis Tavis dReebs samonastro organizacia aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. es TariRi ukavSirdeba e.w. `aTsammet asurel mamaTa” qarTlsa da kaxeTSi damkvidrebasa da moRvaweobas.

ioane zedaznelis Tormet mowafeTagan, romlebsac aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mravali eklesiis da monastris mSenebloba miewerebaT, erT-erTi popularuli pirovneba gamxdara daviT garejeli. mis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli iseTi unikaluri da uZvelesi Zeglis daarseba, rogoric garejis monasteria; mis saxels atarebs Tbilisis mTawminda. daviT garejelis pirovneba da saqmianoba farTod aisaxa literaturul sferoSic. Cvenamde ar moaRwia mis Sesaxeb dawerilma uZvelesma Txzulebam, romelic, safiqrebelia, Seiqmneboda daviT garejelis samonastro moRvaweobis axlo periodSi, Cvenamde Semoinaxa misi cxovrebis amsaxveli ori Zveli Zegli, romelTa Seqmnis drod X-XII saukuneebs miiCneven. daviT garejelis Sesaxeb Cvenamde moRweuli literaturuli memkvidreoba sakmao sisruliTaa Seswavlili da damuSavebuli.

centraluri saxelmwifo saistorio arqivis fondebSi mivakvlieT XVIII s. (#252) xelnawers, romelic daviT garejelis cxovrebis ucnob redaqcias Seicavs. xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi1, rogorc Cans, es Txzuleba samecniero literaturaSi kargad cnobil metafrasul redaqciadaa miCneuli, xolo avtori gadamweradaa gamocxadebuli. xelnaweri dedania, amdenad am Txzulebis Seqmnac XVIII saukuniT ganisazRvreba. xelnaweris anderZi gvamcnobs, rom es Txzuleba dauweria mTavarepiskoposs romanozs: `me friad codvilman mTavarepiskoposman Romano... locvaTa Sina TqvenTa xsenebasa Cemsa nu daiviwyebT mimTxveulni amis wignisa”. ufro zemoT avtori gvamcnobs, Tu ra mizezebis gamo moiwadina man xelmeored aRwera ukve adre aRwerili daviTis cxovreba2.

daviT garejelis gviandeli metafrasuli cxovrebis avtori, romelic romanoz mTavarepiskoposs uwodebs Tavis Tavs, romanoz giorgis Ze erisTavia, XVIIIs. qarTul mwerlobaSi sakmaod cnobili romanoz mitropoliti. am pirovnebis cxovreba-moRvaweobis momentebis gaTvaliswineba SesaZlebelio xdeba mxolod nawilobriv, saarqivo sabuTebsa da xelnawerTa minawerebSi gabneuli cnobebis mixedviT.

romanozi aragvis erisTavTa cnobil gvars ekuTvnis. is iyo Svili giorgi aragvis erisTavisa3 da Zma baqar batoniSvilis meuRlis anasi, rogorc es Cans

* dabeWdilia: mravalTavi (x.i.), II, Tbilisi, 1973, gv. 75-93.1 Tssc arqivis qarTul xelnawerTa koleqciis aRweriloba, I, Sedgenili prof. s. kakabaZis da k. gagoSiZis mier akad. k. kekeliZis redaqciiT, Tb., 1949, gv. 218.2 am Txzulebis teqsti daibeWda: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, wigni III, damatebaSi, gv. 291-311.3 k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, 1960, gv. 349.

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leningradis centraluri istoriuli arqivis erTi sabuTidan, romelSic ana Suamdgomlobs Tavis Zmaze – mitropolit romanze, rom mas moskovSi dabrunebis neba darTon1.

romanozs saeklesio kariera dauwyia garejis udabnoSi, sadac pirvelad Caucvams monazvnis Coxa; is iq 12 weli darCenila. es naTlad Cans imerTa da afxazTa kaTalikozis, grigolis sarekomendacio werilidan, romelic romanozis ruseTidan saqarTveloSi dabrunebis erT-erT mizezad asaxelebs garejis udabnoSi mosvlis survils: `erTi ganSorebuli udabno ars, Coxa iq Caucvams da Tormeti weliwadi iq yofila. iq misvla sdomebia da damarxva”2.

romanozi saqarTvelodan ruseTSi wasula da iq mTlianad gaZarculs 1722w. CauRwevia, rogorc es Cans darejan arCilis asulis 1722w. 9 ivlisis Txovnidan, romelic mas sinodSi warudgenia3. am cnobidan irkveva, rom romanozi am dros arqimandritia. daejanis cnobas adasturebs zemoxsenebuli grigol kaTalikozis werilic: `...aTas Svidas ocda ors mand moskovs xelmwifes xleboda da xuTi weliwadi daeyo mand”. aqedan Cans, rom romanozs 1727 wlamde ucxovria moskovSi. romanozi moskovSi donis monasterSi daubinavebiaT da wliurad 100 man. jamagiri dauniSnavT.

ruseTSi Casvlidan cota xnis Semdeg romanozs saqarTveloSi dabruneba ganuzraxavs da specialuri Txovnac warudgenia sinodSi, magram misTvis uari uTqvamT, rogorc es sinodis arqivis sabuTebidan Cans. simonoveli arqimandritis petres cnobiT igi moskovSi dautovebiaT da Tviurad 30 man. jamagiri dauniSnavT4.

1725 wels batoniSvili baqaris warmomadgeneli generali vaxtang amilaxvari kvlav Suamdgomlobs sinodSi, raTa romanozs samSobloSi dabrunebis neba miscen. amjerad romanozisaTvis neba daurTavT da astraxanamde 100 maneTi miuciaT5. rogorc zemoT motanili grigol kaTalikosis werilidan Cans, romanozs moskovi 1727 wels dautovebia da garejis udabnoSi samudamod damkvidrebis mizniT saqarTvelosaken gamomgzavrebula (Sd - 2962). romanozs Tavisi survili ver Seusrulebia – garejis udabnomde ver miuRwevia im didi tragediis gamo, romelic mis ojaxsa da garejis monasters ganucdia lekebis Semosevebis Sedergad, rac dasturdeba domenti kaTalikosis sarekomendacio werilidan: `mouxda am mitropolitis mamis adgils, cixesa da mamulsa oci aTasi leki, sruliad amisi Zmani da deda da famili ase daxoces, aravin darCa didiT wvrilamdis. amis saydrisa da eparqiis mamuli sruliad moaoÃres. sadaca aRTqma hqonda, im monastris gzas veRar miudga, misi krebulica daxoces” (Sd - 2962). amasve aRniSnavs grigoli

1 vsargeblobT m. qavTarias naSromSi (`daviT garejis literaturuli skola”, Tbilisi, 1965) gamoyenebuli lening. centr. arqivis sabuTebiT.2 Sd 2962. xelnawerTa institutis fondebSi dacul sabuTebze, romlebic Seicaven cnobebs romanozis Sesaxeb, migviTiTa m. qavTariam (es sabuTebi d. baqraZis mier gadmowerilia sinodaluri arqividan).3 ЦГИАЛ, Ф 796, Опись 3, дело 769.4 iqve.5 iqve.

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imerTa da afxazTa kaTalikosis werilic: àTas Svidas ocda rvas movida. didi areuloba Seiqmna. im monastris (garejis _ e.g.) mamani da krebulni amowyvites, soflebi da mamuli gauoxres. iq (garejaSi _ e.g.) veRar mivida _ ar SeiZleboda dgoma. da amis mamuls da cixes Semoadga mZlavri jari lekisa, deda, Zmebi da sruliad famili ase amowyvites, amis meti arRara gadarCa ZuZus-mwovarTagan. ocda xuTi suli daiWires, awames”. (Sd - 2962).

igivea naTqvami TviT romanozis mier sinodisadmi gagzavnil werilSi: ùrjulom Zmebi, naTesavi, deda da sxva aTasi suli Tavis qonebiT erT dRes sruliad daxoces. dawves da tyved waasxes. mec meZebdnen sasikvdilod, wavel, gavecale...” (Sd - 2974).

rogorc Cans, romanozis Camosvlis axlo xanebSi garejis udabnos didi darbeva ganucdia, rasac xeli SeuSlia romanozisaTvis rom iq damkvidrebuliyo. Cans is Tavis mamulSi misula, magram, lekebis Semosevis gamo, aqac ver upivia simSvide. gamoqceula da, rogorc es grigolis werilidan Cans, TbilisSi mosula, sadac mas sakmao xani unda daeyo. `...Tavis samitropolito saxlSi mivida tfilisis qalaqSi. rac madedam Ãelmwifis wyaloba moyoloda, saydari aaSena patiosani da sasaxle, monasteri gaakeTa, sofeli Seswira” (Sd - 2962). arc TbilisSi mousvenebiaT romanozi. aq mis kar-midamosa da eklesias yizilbaSebi Semosevian: `...movida sxva yizilbaSis jari, sasaxleca waarTves da saydarSiac Sig dadgen, eparqia sruliad gaoxrda” – agrZelebs Tavis werils grigoli. yizilbaSTa Zaladobas mxolod 1735 wlis Semdeg SeiZleba hqonoda adgili, radgan mxolod am wlidan Seicvala qarTlSi òsmaloba” `yizilbaSobiT”1. romanozi Tavisi Txzulebis, daviT garejelis metafrasuli cxovrebis, anderZSic laparakobs samefo qalaqis dawvaze da Tavisi qonebis ganadgurebaze: ̀ aTas Svidas ocdaCvidmet wels qristes aqeT iqmna friadi da saSine[li] wva, rom sruliad mospo sameufo qalaqi, daiwua – romelime mcired ubnebi darCa; arasodes ar naxula egeviTari, arca-Ra anderZad, - aRuricxveli saqoneli, sruliad monasterSi da yovelni eklesiani. maSin damewo yoveli sacxovrebeli Cemi. me friad codvilman mTavarepiskoposman romanoz2”... `sameufo qalaqSi” Tbilisi unda igulisxmebodes. magram 1737w. misi gadawvis Sesaxeb araferia cnobili. Tanac ar Cans, es stiqiuri ubedurebis Sedegia, Tu yizilbaSTa saqmianoba.

SesaZlebelia, grigol kaTalikosis zemoaRniSnuli werilis mowmoba yizilbaSTa Semosevis Sesaxeb parallels poulobdes romanozis anderZSi aRniSnul faqtebTan, rac 1737w. momxdara. etyoba, romanozs didi Seviwroeba da devna ganucdia, ris gamoc is imereTSi gaxiznula. es aRniSnulia romanozis werilSi: `...mec meZebdnen sasikvdilod, wavel da rva Tve meletinis (?!) imereTis carTan viyav” (Sd - 2974). amas grigolic adasturebs: àm Cvens samefos mtrisagan ltolvili movida. Cvenma mefem pativi aZliva, magram mandav irCia wamosvla da mefem gamoistumra” (Sd - 2962). imereTSi romanozi 8 Tves darCenila. aqve mas

1 saqarTvelos istoria, I, 1956, gv. 317.2 cent. arq. #254, 23 (f. 1446).

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ganuzraxavs ruseTSi dabruneba da Sesdgomia kidec samzadiss; sarekomendacio werilebi gamourTmevia aleqsandre imerTa mefisaTvis, agreTve domenti qarTlis kaTalikozisa da grigol imerTa da afxazTa kaTalikozisaTvis da `agvistos didis WiriTa” yizlarSi Casula, raTa aqedan moskovs gamgzavrebuliyo, magram iq romanozi SeuCerebiaT: `aq damiWires. aRar gamomiSves, moskovSi movsuliyavi da risi Rirsi viyavi, im alagas daveyenebie dids xelmwifesa da wmindasa sinodsa, Cemi ambavica SeetyoT. sami wigni maqvs: erTi mefisa, ori Cvenis patriarxisa” (Sd - 2974). yizlarSi misi dakavebis Semdeg romanozs sinodisaTvis miumarTavs zemoT motanili weriliT, romlis mixedviTac mas gadawyvetili aqvs samudamod ruseTSi darCes: `gamomiSon da sikvdilamde xelmwifis mlocveli viyo da aRarsad ar wavide maTis didebulobis sadRegrZeloTa. Tu aqedan sadme wavel an gamyidian, an damatyveveben. usjulosa movrCi da qristianobaSi movel, aqadam rom davikargo, CemTvis wawymeda iqmnebis”.

romanozs miuRwevia sawadelisaTvis: misTvis moskovSi Casvlis neba miuciaT. romanozi moskovSia 1743 wels, rac Cans iqidan, rom mis mier sinodSi wardgenili mimarTva baqaris bibliis calebis saqarTveloSi gagzavnis Txovnis Sesaxeb am wliTaa daTariRebuli. rodisRa wavida igi sqarTvelodan? 1737 wels, rodesac igi Tavisi qonebis dawvis ambebs mogviTxrobs, igi jer TbilisSia. am wlis Semdeg igi male unda wasuliyo imereTSi, sadac rva Tve darCenila da Semdeg yizlarSi Casula, ramdenime xnis SeCerebis Semdeg ki aqedan moskovSi. ase rom, am mgzavrobas adgili 1737-43w. hqonda. amas Tu gamovaklebT im dros, rac dasWirdeboda Tbilisidan gasvlis samzadiss, quTaisSi Casvlas. iq TiTqmis erTi wliT gaCerebas, yizlarSi CasvlisaTvis dros, SegviZlia es CarCoebi davaviwrovoT: misi imereTidan gasvla 1739-40w. adre ar aris mosalodneli, radgan domenti kaTalikozs imereTidan misTvis sarekomendacio werili mxolod 1739 wlis noembris Semdeg SeeZlo gaetanebina: vaxuStis cnobiT, man am dros gamoiara TurqeTidan imereTSi. ase rom, romanozis Casvla moskovs 1741-42w. aris savaraudebeli. romanozs Tavisi aRTqma, rom samudamod darCeboda ruseTSi, ar Seusrulebia. ruseTidan igi mainc daviT garejis udabnoSi dabrunebula da iq dausrulebia Tavisi cxovreba, ris Sesaxebac cnobas gvawvdis A – 150 xelmaweris erTi minaweri: `romanoz qarTveli mitropoliti asaflavia daviT garejis udabnosa Sina, wminda nikolozis eklesiasa Sina, sadaca cxadad ixilvebis misi saflavis qva”. gaurkvevelia, rodis wamovida romanozi ruseTidan, radgan 1745 wlis Semdeg, rodesac mas ruseTSi Seudgenia `winwila RaRadebisa”, misi saxeli aRar Cans.

amrigad, im mcire cnobebis safuZvelze, romlebic saarqivo masalebsa da xelnawerTa minawerebSia daculi, romanozis cxovreba-moRvaweobis umTavresi momentebi ase warmogvidgeba:

romanozi garejis udabnoSi berad Semdgara 1710 wels da 12 weli (1722 wlamde) iq dauyvia. Tu romanozi, rogorc amas saeklesio kanonebi moiTxovda, berad aRkvecisas 25 wlisa iyo, maSin igi dabadebula 1685 wlis axlo xanebSi.

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1722-1727 wlebSi romanozi moRvaweobs moskovis donis monasterSi. 1728w. dabrunebula saqarTveloSi da male damkvidrebula TbilisSi, sadac igi Cans 1735-37 wlebSi. 1739 wels unda wasuliyo imereTSi da iqedan moskovSi gamgzavrebuliyo. 1740 wlis agvistoSi Casula yizlarSi. moskovSi misi Casvla 1741-1742 wlebisTvisaa savaraudebeli. is moskovSi Cans 1743-1745 wlebSi. moskovidan garejSi wasvlis dro ucnobia, aseve ucnobia misi garejaSi moRvaweobis xangrZlivobis dro da gardacvalebis TariRi.

ramdenime sityva misi literaturuli memkvidreobisa da saqmianobis Sesaxeb. qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi romanoz mitropoliti cnobilia rogorc mxolod ̀ winwala RaRadebisa”-s avtori. es Txzuleba, romelic ̀ Seicavs saxareba-samociqulosa da daviTn-sawinaswarmetyvelodan amokrebil adgilebs ama Tu im dogmaturi Tu moraluri xasiaTis debulebaTa Sesaxeb”1, mas dauweria 1745 w. `mwirobasa da ruseTsa Sina stumrobasa saqarTvelosa mefis Svilis baqarissa”2. qarTul samecniero literaturaSi misi sxva literaturuli naSomebis Sesaxeb araferia cnobili. akad. k. kekeliZe mis literaturul moRvaweobis adgilad mxolod ruseTs Tvlis: `misma literaturulma moRvaweobam ganvlo ruseTSi, moskovs”3, aRniSnavs mkvlevari. rogorc Cvenma Txzulebam cxadyo, igi saqarTveloSic eweoda literaturul Semoqmedebas. daviT garejelis metafrasuli cxovrebis axali varianti romanozs TbilisSi unda daewera. ar SeiZleba mas manamdec ar ecada Tavisi kalami literaturul saqmianobaSi. Cveni dakvirvebiT, mis kalams unda ekuTvnodes dodo garejelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis redaqciac, romelic Setanilia domenti jandieriSvilis mier 1726w. moskovSi gadaweril A-220 svinaqsarul krebulSi. CvenTvis mTlad naTeli ar aris es mcire moculobis Txzuleba romanozma saxeldaxelod Seadgina ruseTSive am xelnaweris gadaweris momentSi (igi iq imyofeboda swored 1722-27ww.), Tu mas es Txzuleba dawerili hqonda jer kidev garejaSi moRvaweobis dros, e.i. 1722 wlamde. Cven swored es meore SesaZlebloba migvaCnia ufro sarwmunod4. maSin romanozis literaturuli moRvaweobis teritoriuli sfero gacilebiT gafarTovdeba: garda moskovisa, mas literaturuli muSaoba uwarmoebia garejis udabnosa da TbilisSi, xolo mis literaturul Sromebs, ̀ winwila RaRadebisa”-s garda, miemateba dodo garejelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis 1726 wlamde dawerili nusxa da daviT garejelis cxovrebis 1737-40ww. dawerili vrceli Txzuleba. rogorc vxedavT, orive es Txzuleba `winwila RaRadebisa”-ze adrea dawerili.

ar SeiZleba am Txzulebis dawera mwerlis mxolod literaturuli varjiSis Sedego iyos. romanozis samoRvaweo asparezze gamoCenamde garejis

1 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, gv. 349.2 iqve. A - 150, gv. 22-35.3 iqve.4 Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, wigni IV, svinaqsaruli redaqciebi (XI-XVIIIss.), gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo enriko gabiZaSvilma, Tbilisi, 1968, gv. 245-249; 415-418.

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literaturulma skolam safuZveli Cauyara erT mniSvnelovan erovnul saqmes: iqmneba mravali qarTveli moRvawis cxovrebis amsaxveli hagiografiuli Txzuleba, dgeba nacionalur moRvaweTa cxovrebis krebulebi, sadResaswauloebi da svinaqsaruli krebulebi, sadac Tavmoyrilia nacionaluri masalis umetesi nawili. am saqmianobaSi gansakuTrebuli Rvawli domenti qarTlis kaTalikozsa da besarion orbeliSvils miuZRviT: romanozis moRvaweobis periodSi es saqmianoba grZeldeboda da amitom, vfiqrobT, romanozis es literaturuli Txzuleba zemoaRniSnul garemoebaTa gamoZaxili unda iyos. A – 220 krebulSi Sesuli dodo garejelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis SesaZlebel avtorad romanozis gamocxadebisas ar gamovricxavT im azrsac, rom 1726w. jandieraSvilis mier gadaweril krebuls SesaZlebelia, romanozis redaqtoruli xeli aCndes, rom am krebulis SedgenaSi SesaZlebeli iyos misi iniciativa da monawileoba.

***

romanozis Txzulebis ZiriTadi wyaros migneba siZneles ar warmoadgens: am Zegls safuZvlad daviT garejelis cxovrebis Zveli metafrasuli redaqcia dadebia. es faqti xazgasmulia am gviandeli Zeglis avtoriseul anderZ-minawerSi:

`wmidao RmerT-Semosilo daviT garejelo, Seni cxovrebis metafrasi mqonda da survilica viyav cxovrebisa Senisa smenad da mravaljel aRmomekiTxa, viTarmed zepiriTca vicodi. aramed ara xolo Tu wigni, aramed mraval wels viyofebodi udabnosa da TÂT saflavsa Sensa monastersa, zogica mu[n] damkÂdrebulTa ZmaTa mamaTagan mesma da adgilnica TvaliTa vixile. amisTvis viTarca pirveli cxovreba, WeSmaritebiT aRvwere cxovreba Seni mTlad da unaklulod” (23).

avtoriseuli anderZi kidevac rom arafers ambobdes wyarod gamoyenebuli Txzulebis Sesaxeb, es naTlad Cans am ori Zeglis teqstologiuri analizidanac. marTalia, gviandeli redaqciis metafrasul cxovrebas mTlad zustad ar gadmoaqvs wyaros saTanado adgili, magram mcire frazeologiuri da Sinaarsobrivi gansxvaveba xels ar gviSlis, rom maTi urTierTmimarTeba naTlad davinaxoT. movitanT ramdenime sailustracio paralels, sadac, sxva adgilebTan SedarebiT, ufro naTlad Cans maTi frazeologiuri igiveoba, an naTesaoba:

daviT garejelis gviandeli cxovreba`...romeli zrdis yovelTa d a m a r T v e T a c a y o r n i s a T a , r o m e l n i

x a d i a n m a s ” (294, 10)1.`...aramed S e n miiqec adgilsa Sensa, rameTu Zma Seni da m o w a f e

l u k i a n e qve-mdebare a r s p i r s a z e d a [TÂssa]. mived da a R a d g i n e d a n u g e S i n i s – e c m a s, raTa ara sulmokle iqmnas” (296,9).

`ixila v e S a p i d i d i, romlisa Tvalni iyvnes sazarel da vrcel da qedsa

1 gverdebi miTiTebulia: metafrasuli cxovrebisaTvis – il. abulaZis mier 1955w. gamocemuli Sromis (`asurel moRvaweTa cxovrebis wignTa Zveli redaqciebi”) mixedviT gviandelisaTvis – Zv. qarTuli agiogr. lit. Zeglebis IIIw. mixedviT.

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missa viTarca Zagari rame xeneSi da Sublsa missa m o a q v n d a r q a d i d i. xolo kudi misi iyo viTarca Zeli rame sizrqiTa da sigrZiTa” (295, 13).

`...eha gangebulebasa Sensa, RmerTo! m e y s e u l a d w a m o d g e s s a m n i i r e m n i n u k r T a T a n a TÂisTa savsenisZiTa” (294, 21).

`x o l o m a n , g a m o m s a x v e l m a n j u a r i s a m a n , a x a l y v e l a d g a r d a a q c i a i g i” (294, 29).

`...romlisa d a m w v e l o b i s a misisa saswauli aqamomde ixilvebis, r a m e T u a r a a R m o e c e n e b i s m u n m w v a n v i l i a d g i l s a m a s” (296, 3).

daviT garejelis metafrasuli cxovreba`...romelman moscis sazrdeli p i r u t y u T a d a m a r T u e T a

y o r n i s a T a , r o m e l n i x a d i a n m a s” (155, 1).`xolo Sen warved quabad Senda, rameTu mowafe Seni lukiane dacemuli

mdebare ars pirsa zeda TÂssa SiSisaTÂs veSapisa da aRadgine igi da ganamtkice da nugeSinis-ec” (162, 5).

`...mas Sina mkÂdr iyo v e S a p i d i d i da sazrdeli, ramTu aqundes T u a l n i didni da msgavsni brwyinvalebisa cecxlisaÁsa da r q a Á d i d i m o a q u n d a T a v s a zeda missa da TnaÁ, friadi msgavsi Z a g r i s a Á saSual qedisa misisa da yoveliTurT sazarel da gansakÂrvebel iyo mÃeci igi” (158, 34).

`e h a g a n g e b u l e b a T a S e n T a, qriste! m e y u s e u l a d s a m n i i r e m n i n u k r T a T a n a maTTa warmodges winaSe maTsa da viTarca cxovarni dadges damSÂdebulni” (156, 31).

`xolo man, saufloÁsa j u a r i s a g a m o m s a x v e l m a n mis zeda, meyuseulad axlad yuelad gardaiqca(!) igi (157, 8).

`...vidre aqamomde ixilvebis n i S s a d a m w u r o b i s a s a mqonebeli, r a m e T u y o v l i T u r T a r R a r a a R m o e c e n e b i s m w u a n v i l i m a s a d g i l s a” (161, 20).

Cvens mier naCvenebi adgilebi eWvsa ar iwvevs, rom gviandeli metafrasuli cxovreba Sedgenilia daviT garejelis Zveli metafrasuli redaqciis cxovrebis safuZvelze. es udavoa, miuxedavad imisa, rom motanili adgilebis sruli, zedmiwevniTi damTxvevis magaliTebi ar gvqonia da amasTanave naCvenebi paraleluri adgilebis msgavisi SemTxvevebi arc Tu xSirad Segvxvda am TxzulebaTa teqstobrivad Sedarebis dros. ZiriTadad, gviandeli redaqciis cxovreba aramcTu ar iCens srul frazeologiur igiveobas wyarosTan, aramed yovelTvis cdilobs wyaros Sinaarsi sakuTari sityvebiTa da winadadebaTa gansxvavebuli wyobiT gadmogvces, riTac miRweulia avtoris mizani: Seqmnas formalurad mainc, wyarosgan gansxvavebuli, damoukidebeli Txzuleba.

upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom gviandeli cxovrebis avtori xSirad tovebs, an sagrZnoblad amoklebs wyaroSi aRwerili locvebisa da vrceli dialogebis teqsts. ufro xSirad es Semokleba parafrazulia, zogjer ki zogadi, Semajamebeli winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli.

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meores mxriv, gansaxilveli Txzulebis avtori amatebs iseT adgilebs, romelic wyaroSi ara gvaqvs, an avrcobs wyaros zogierT epizods. amrigad, gviandel TxzulebaSi dasturdeba avtoris mier wyaros literaturuli gadamuSavebis ori erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego xerxi: wyaros zogierTi adgilis gamotoveba an Semokleba da piruku, zogierTi detalis damateba da gavrcoba. aRsaniSnavia, rom pirvelis SemTxvevebi metia, vidre meoris. ZiriTadad yuradRebas SevaCerebT Cveni Zeglis im adgilebze, romlebic wyarosagan gansxvavebuli, zedmeti, an gavrcobili Cans.

arsebiTad gansxvavebulia am ori Txzulebis dasawyisi. am nawilSi maT Sinaarsobrivadac araferi aqvT saerTo. gansaxilveli Txzulebis metafrasuli cxovrebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ganyenebuli xasiaTis vrceli Sesavali avtoris originaluri Semoqmedebis nayofia da ara wyaros Sesabamisi Sesavlis gadmokeaTeba. orive Txzulebidan maTi vrceli Sesavlis mxolod dasawyiss movitanT:

gviandeli cxovreba

`vinaÁTgan yovlisa dasawyisi da dasabami da yovlisa myofisa arsisa da uarsoÁsa, xilulisa [da] ara xilulisa mizezi da Semoqmedi RmerTi ars, mivsceT mas dideba, pativi da Tayuaniscema mamasa, Zesa da sulsa wmidasa. eha gamouTqmelsa mas da ganuzomelsa saxierebasa da mowyalebasa RmrTisasa! Cuen, kacTaTÂs bunebiT mokvdavTa da miwisaganTa SeuracxTa monaTa [misTa], mis mierve ÃelTa amRebelman miwiT Sezelilisa kacisa, romelsa mterman samoTxe mihpara, raTamca aRiyvana pirvelsave pativsa... (291).

metafrasuli cxovreba

`saÃsenebelsa marTlisasa momTxrobelTa da moqalaqobasa wmidaTasa aRmwerelTa gonebisa sadame TualTa ganwmedilad jeriyo qonebaÁ, xolo enasa metyuelsa keTil morTulad da Sesworebulad moTxrobisa aRwerad micemulisasa, raTa didTa qebaTa da SesxmaTa mimTxuevad Rirsi ara daikninebodis biwianad mqonebelTa mier bageTa sulisaTa da rameTu mravlad gÂswavies werilTa saRmrToTagan, viTarmed uwmidesad miaxlebad mnebebelni vieTnime Sors daidginebodes viTar uwmidoni miaxlebad wmidaTa... (144, 5).

wyarosagan gansxvavebiT, axal metafrasul cxovrebas Sesavlis Semdeg, sadac laparakia daviTisa da sxva asureli mamebis qarTlSi mosvlis Sesaxeb, CarTuli aqvs iovane zedazenlisa da misi mowafeebis saxelebi. SesaZlebelia, avtorma maTi saxelebi zepirad Seitana TxzulebaSi, radgan Zvel metafrasul cxovrebaSi es saxelebi saerTod araa naxsenebi. mas es sia ar SeeZlo aeRo arc iovane zedaznelis vrceli cxovrebis redaqciebidan da arc Sios metafrasuli cxovrebidan. iovane zedaznelis metafrasul cxovrebaTa win wamZRvarebuli asurel moRvaweTa sia

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gansxvavebulia Cveni Txzulebis siisagan. 1. gviandel metafrasul cxovrebaSi iovane zedaznelis CaTvliT 12 moRvawea CamoTvlili: iovane zedazneli, Sio mRvimeli, daviT garejeli, ise wilkneli, TaTa mamebeli, piros breTeli, miqel ulumbeli, amba alaverdeli, isidore samTavneli, abibos nekreseli, arsen iyalToeli, stefane xirseli; aklia anton martyofeli da elia diakoni. 2. zenon iyalToelis nacvlad SecdomiT aris arsen iyalToeli. 3. stefane qisiÃelis nacvlad – stefane xirseli. 4. TaTa stefanwmindelis nacvlad – TaTa mamebeli. ar emTxveva igi arc Sio mRvimelis metafrasuli cxovrebis sias, radgan a) iq mxolod saxelebia CamoTvlili. b) Sios metafrasul cxovrebaSi warmodgenili pirebidan Cven ZeglSi ar aris antoni, Teodosios, elia, pimen, naTan.

asurel moRvaweTa sia mocemulia kidev erT gviandel TxzulebaSi. es aris A – 220 krebulSi Sesuli iovane zedazenlis svinaqsaruli cxovreba1, romelTanac Cven TxzulebaSi CamoTvlili asurel moRvaweTa sia garkveul siaxloves iCens. msgavsebas gvafiqrebinebs orive nusxaSi stefane xirselis xseneba, rac sxvagan arsad ar gvxvdeba, magram sxvaobac TvalsaCinoa: gansxvavebiT Cveni nusxisagan, aq ixseniebian – anton martyofeli, elia diakoni da zenon iyalToeli, romlis magivradac SecdomiT daviT garejelis gviandel metafrasul cxovrebaSi arsen iyalToeli sweria.

amrigad, Cans, asurel mamaTa saxelebi Cvens ZeglSi avtors zepirad Seutania romelime wyaros gamoyenebis gareSe.

siriel moRvaweTa asureTidan qarTlSi Camosvla da mcxeTas misvla ZeglSi oriode winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli. aRniSnulia, rom: ̀ warmoemarTnes da moiwines qarTlad, dedaqalaqad mcxeTad, wmidasa kaTolike samociqulosa eklesiasa, sada-igi ars kvarTi uflisa da sveti cxoveli, romelsa zeda mjdomare ars patriarqi. rameTu maSin iyo evlaios Rirsi da Tana-Sesworebuli angelozTa. mxilvelTa urTierTas ganixares sixaruliTa sulieriTa” (292, 27).

es momenti daviT garejelis Zvel metafrasul cxovrebaSi ufro mokledaa gadmocemuli: ̀ warmovida (iovane – e.g.) winaZRomiTa saRmrToÁTa mowafeTa TÂsTa Tana da moiwia dedaqalaqsa mcxeTisasa da mun Tayuanis-mcemelni patiosnisa suetisaÁ, mier aRvida mTasa zeda, romel ars CrdiloÁT kerZo qalaqsa mcxeTisasa” (150, 14).

saidan gaCnda evlaiosis saxeli Cvens TxzulebaSi?evlaiosis saxeli ar ixsenieba ara marto daviT garejelis cxovrebis arc

erT redaqciaSi, aramed – arc iovane zedaznelis cxovrebaTa redaqciebSic. dasaxelebul cxovrebaSi ar aris naxsenebi a r c q r i s t e s k v a r T i.

cxadia, Tuki aq romelime wyaros gamoyenebaze SeiZleba saubari, avtors SeeZlo gamoeyenebina mxolod Sio mRvimelis metafrasuli cxovrebis redaqcia, radgan es erTaderTi adrindeli Txzulebaa, sadac Zalian vrcladaa moTxrobili evlavios patriarqis Sexvedra iovanesTan da mis mowafeebTan.

1 Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, wigni IV, svinaqsaruli redaqciebi (XI-XVIIIss.), Tb., 1968, gv. 388.

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aqvea aRniSnuli: `waremarTnes ukue da miiwivnes wmidad eklesiad da davardes winaSe ganmacxovebelisa mis adgilisa, sada-igi RmrTisa jer-CinebiTa aRemarTa sakÂrvelebiT sueti igi didebuli, romeli mdgomare ars haerTa Sina TÂnier ÃelTa kacobrivTa zeda kerZo k u a r T i s a mis zegardmo qsovilisa q r i s t e s mÃsnelisa Cuenisa” (gv. 83, 15).

rogorc Cans, romanozma erTi winadadebiT gadmoiRo Sios cxovrebaSi ramdenime gverdze moTxrobili epizodi. SesaZlebelia, man es adgili zepirad Seitana Tavis TxzulebaSi, ra Tqma unda, Sios metafrasuli cxovrebis codnis safuZvelze. sxvagvarad am faqtis axsna ar SeiZleba, radgan garda Sios metafrasuli cxovrebisa `evlavios” saxels da `kuarT” sityvas asurel mamaTa cxovrebis arc erT nusxaSi ar vxvdebiT.

amrigad, axali metafrasuli cxovrebis dasawyisi nawili, romelic Seicavs zogad Sesavalsa da asurel mamaTa qarTlSi mosvlisa da damkvidrebis mokle aRweras, Tavis ZiriTadi wyarosagan, daviT garejelis Zveli metafrasuli cxovrebisagan damoukidebeli da gansxvavebulia. am nawilSi maTi Sexebis wertilebi mxolod zogad Sinaarsobrivi SeiZleba iyos. axali metafrasuli cxovrebisaTvis Zveli metafrasuli cxovreba am SemTxvevaSi wyaro ar aris. am ori Zeglis frazeologiur-Sinaarsobrivi TvalsaCino msgavseba iwyeba daviT garejelis moRvaweobis uSualo aRweriT, romlis damadasturebeli magaliTebi Cven zemoT vaCveneT.

miuxedavad TxzulebaTa ZiriTad nawilSi aRniSnulis msgavsebisa, arcTu iSviaTia SemTxvevebi, rodesac am ori Zeglis Sesabamisi adgilebi erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavdebian ara marto frazeologiurad, aramed zogjer faqtobrivi niuansebiTac. ra Tqma unda, axali metafrasuli cxovrebis gansxvaveba wyarosagan ZiriTadad frazeologiuria da ar SeiZleba principul faqtobriv gansxvavebebs Seicavdes. mxolod erTaderTi SemTxveva gvaqvs, rodesac gviandeli Txzuleba wyarosTan SedarebiT sawinaaRmdego suraTs iZleva. es aris ierusalimis im patriarqis saxeli, romlis zeobis drosac daviTi ierusalims ewvia qristes saflavis mosalocad da romelsac ZilSi angelozis gamocxadebiT euwya daviTis Casvla. Zveli redaqciiT es aris e l i a patriarqi, xolo gviandeli TxzulebiT ki m a k a r i:

`mouvlina mas Ramesa Sina CuenebiT angelozi patriaqsa ierusalimisasa e l i a s esreT metyueli...”(179, 35).

`xolo Ramesa mas daadgra angelozi uflisa wmidasa patriaqsa m a k a r i s da hrqua” (306, 18).

CvenTvis gaurkvevelia, ratom Sescvala gviandeli Txzulebis avtorma daviT garejelis Zveli cxovrebaTa Cveneba, vfiqrobT, rom es Secvla mainc safuZvels moklebulia.

Cveni Txzuleba, rogorc vTqviT, sakmao raodenobiT gviCvenebs wyarosagan frazeologiurad gansxvavebulsa da zedmet adgilebs ara marto Sesaval, aramed Txzulebis ZiriTad nawilSi. aseTi magaliTebis simravlis miuxedavad, Cven

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mxolod ramdenime ufro damaxasiaTebel nimuSs vaCvenebT.im epizodTan dakavSirebiT, rodesac lukianem udabnos saSineli simkacre

ixila da SeSinda, misdami daviTis nugeSi Zvel metafrasul cxovrebaSi ase gadmocemuli: ̀ anu ara gasmiesa wmidaTa werilTagan, viTar saufloÁsa Ãmisa mier metyuelebdnen raÁ viTarmed: `moTminebiTa TqueniTa moipovneT sulni Tquenni?” (gv. 156). gviandel metafrasul cxovrebas wyaros es Cveneba Seucvlia TviT saxarebidan gacilebiT vrceli amonaweriT, romelSic zustadaa gadmotanili maTes saxarebis meeqvse Tavis 25, 26 da 32 muxlebi ramdenime winadadebis gamotovebiT: ìsmine wmidaTa werilTa Tqmuli maxarebelisa wmidisa saxarebisa brZaneba: `nu zrunavT sulisa TquenisaTÂs ra vWamoT, anu ra vsvaT, nuca ÃorcTa TquenisaTÂs, ra SevimosoT, r a m e T u i c i s m a m a m a n T q u e n m a n z e c a T a m a n r a g i Ã m s T q u e n , r a m e T u a m a s y o v e l s a w a r m a v a l n i e Z i e b e n. kvalad mixedeniT mfrinvelTa caTasa, rameTu ara sTesven, arca mkian da mama Tqueni zecaTa zrdis maT” (294, 14).

avtors gamoyenebuli muxlebis Tanamimdevroba daurRevvia da 32 muxli, rac zemoT xazgasmiT aRvniSneT, 25-sa da 26-s Sua Seutania da amiT saxarebidan amoRebuli nawilisaTvis ufro Camoyalibebuli saxe miucia. es gaadgileba avtors efeqturad aqvs gakeTebuli.

am ori Zeglis gansxvavebuli adgilebidan sakmao nawili modis dodo garejelis cxovrebis momentebTan dakavSirebiT.

dodos Sesaxeb Txrobas Cvens TxzulebaSi gacilebiT meti adgili aqvs daTmobili, vidre Zvel metafrasul cxovrebaSi. Cveni Txzuleba parafrazulad imeorebs TiTqmis igives, rac aris wyaroSi, magram damatebiT Seicavs cnobebs dodos locva-moRvaweobis, gardacvalebisa da misi saflavis Sesaxeb. radganac dodos Sesaxeb Cvens TxzulebaSi CarTuli damatebiTi adgilebi arakonkretul masalas Seicavs da warmodgenilia saeklesio mwerlobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zogadi Txrobis formiT, romelic wmindanis RvTisnierebas, gankrZalul marxvas, locvisa da msgavs detalebis aRweras Seexeba, amdenad es avtors SeeZlo wyaros gamoyenebis gareSe zepirad Seetana Tavis TxzulebaSi, magram zogierTi garemoeba gvafiqrebinebs, rom mas unda gamoeyenebina dodo garejelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis masala. ZiriTadad, dodos svinaqsarul cxovrebasa da daviT garejelis gviandeli metafrasuli cxovrebis im nawils, romelic dodos cxovrebis aRweras Seicavs, frazeologiurad da Sinaarsobrivadac bevri saerTo ara aqvT, magram ramdenime iseT detalebSi emTxvevian erTmaneTs, rac maT saerTo wyaroSi – daviT garejelis Zvel metafrasul cxovrebaSi – saerTod ar aris.

mag., daviTi Zveli cxovrebis mixedviT eubneba dodos: àRved rqasa imas kldisasa, romelic aRmarTebul ars pirispir Cuensa” (gv. 167). gviandeli cxovreba ki umatebs: ̀ aRved rqasa imas, romeli damarTebiT Cvensa ars, r o m e l s a e w o d a v i d r e d R e i n d e l a d d R e m d e d o d o r q a” (299, 30). es winadadeba SesaZlebelia avtors dodo garejelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebidan axsovdes: àmis Semdgomad uCuena pirispir missa gaRmarT klde aRmarTuli, r o m e l s a

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e w o d a v i d r e d R e i n d e l a m d e d o d o r q a” (gv. 417).meore magaliTi: Zvel metafrasul cxovrebaSi naTqvamia, rom rodesac

bubaqari Tavis ojaxiTurT garejaSi mivida da berad Sedga `daviT Tana waratana maT mowafe TÂsi lukiane da moumcno mamasa dodos, r a T a m i s c e s m R v d e l i e r T i T a n a w a r s v l a d b u b a q a r i s a da naTlis-cemad misa yovelTa Tana naTesavTa misTa” (gv. 174). Sesabamis adgils dodo garejelis svinaqsaruli cxovreba ase gadmogvcems: ̀ xolo odes bubaqar, mTavari rusTavisa, moiwia wmidisa daviTisa, wargzavna wmidisa dodosa, r a m e T u m R d e l i i y o m s x u e r p l i s S e m w i r v e l i w m i d a d o d o” (gv. 417)1. Zvel metafrasul cxovrebaSi, rogorc vnaxeT, dodos mRvdelobaze araferia naTqvami. swored dodos svinaqsaruli cxovrebidan unda iyos aRebuli axali metafrasuli cxovrebis Semdegi fraza: `. . . d a r a m e T u m R d e l o b i s a , w e s i a q v n d a R i r s s a d o d o s...” (300, 6), marTalia, es fraza Cvens ZeglSi ara bubaqaris epizods ukavSirdeba, aramed garejaSi pirvel morwmuneTa SemokrebasTan dakavSirebiT aris naxmari, magram am SemTxvevaSi amas arsebiTi mniSvneloba ara aqvs.

Zvel metafrasul cxovrebaSi araferia naTqvami dodos micvalebisa da saflavis Sesaxeb, gviandeli metafrasuli cxovreba da dodos svinaqsaruli cxovrebis redaqcia ki sakmao sisruliT mogviTxrobs amis Sesaxeb:

gviandeli metafrasuli cxovrebakacman aman wmidaman aRasrula cxovreba TÂsi mun vidre siberedmde

sanatreliTa miT cxovrebiTa angelozTa sixarulsa da cxovrebasa s u f e v a s a z e c i s a s a miicvala Wirisagan gansvenebad, Z i l i m a r T a l T a d a i Z i n a da aRmoecenebian saflaviT misiT surneleba... (301, 1).

m u n v e a r s e k l e s i a S v e n i e r i d a s a f l a v i c a R i r s i s a m i s , r o m e l i S e m d g o m a d m i c v a l e b i s a m i s i s a p a t i v a d w m i d i s a a R u S e n e s d a d a s x n e s n a w i l n i m i s n i , r o m e l i k u r n e b i s a w y a r o s a a R m o u c e n e b s s u r v i l i T mvedrebelTa misTa” (300, 30).

dodo garejelis svinaqsaruli cxovreba

ukanaskneli siberisa miiRo manca vali igi bunebisa Cuenisa – d a i Z i n a Z i l i igi m a r T a l T a. angelozTa mgalobelTa moicves suli misi da aRiyvanes winaSe RmrTisa sufevasa wmidaTasa, sada-igi ars gansueneba damaSuralTa da mopRuaweTa, romeli Tualman ara ixila da yursa ara esma da gulsa kacisasa ara aRvida. Sekrba krebuli yovelTa mamaTa da miiRes zemosa mas kldesa senaksa moRuawebisda misisasa da m u n S e q m n e s s e n a k i igi e k l e s i a d marcxeniT

1 gverdebi miTiTebulia e. gabiZaSvilis mier 1968w. gamocemuli Sromis (`Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebis”, wigni IV, svinaqsaruli redaqciebi (XI-XVIIIss.) mixedviT.

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kerZo kldisagan gamokueTili, s a d a - i g i s x e n a n w m i d a n i n a w i l n i s x e u l T a m i s T a n i d a k u r n e b s m t u e r i s a f l a v i s a m i s i s a y o v e l s a u Z l u r e b a s a k a c T a s a . zeda saflavsa ars daxatuli wmida igi micvalebulis saxed, kualad kedelTa mis saflavisaTa aRyvaneba misi angelozTagan zecad (gv. 418).

garkveviT Cans motanili adgilebis siaxlove Sinaarsobrivad da nawilobriv frazeologiuradac. damowmebuli adgilebis bolo nawili avtoris mier sakuTari TvaliT xilulis gadmocemaa; gansakuTrebiT naTlad Cans es dodos svinaqsaruli cxovrebis mixedviT. gviandel metafrasul cxovrebaSi ki es momenti zogadadaa gadmoRebuli.

wyarosagan gansxvavebiT da zedmetad Cvens Txzulebas bolos erTvis mosaxsenebeli daviTis mowafisa, albaT, igulisxmeba lukiane, radgan saxeli ar aris naxsenebi. ramdenime zogadi winadadebiT gadmocemulia misi Rvawli da saflavis adgilmdebareoba: `romlisa saflavi ars damarTebiT karsa sameufosa saflavisave Tana wmidisa daviTissa” (311, 5).

Cven mxolod nawili aRvniSneT iseTi umTavresi sxvaobebisa, rodesac Cveni Txzuleba uaryofda wyaroseul teqsts da scvlida mas analogiuri, magram gansxvavebuli teqstiT, an umatebda da avrcobda wyaroseul teqsts. ufro metia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac axali metafrasuli cxovreba akeTebs wyaros Sesabamisi adgilis parafrazs, magram masSi Seaqvs damatebiTi detalebi da zogjer faqtiuri masalac. mag.:


`yovliT kerZo aRZrulni saRmrToÁTa surviliTa morbiodes wmidisa amis mamisa xilvad da SemTxuevad misda da umravlesi maTganni evedrebodes mas, raTa utevnes dadgromad mis-Tana” (gv. 165, 1).

`moiwia vidre samkÂdrebelad Cemda ierusalemad sakuTari mona Cemi daviT da sarwmunoebiTa misiTa wariRo madli ierusalemisaÁ, xolo Sen waravlinen malemsrbolni kacni, raTa ewivnen mas, rameTu mivals igi gzasa... Semosili dabebkuliTa samosliTa, da aqus Zueli m a l a k i, romelsa Sina sxenan samni qvani evlogiad miRebulni” (180, 1).

`rqaÁ didi moaqunda Tavsa zeda missa da TmaÁ, friadi msgavsi ZagrisaÁ saSual qedsa misisa” (158, 37).

gviandeli cxovreba

`maSin yovliT kerZo Semokrbebodes udabnosa mas xilvad wmidisa daviTisa a m i e r n i d a i m i e r n i , q v e y a n i s a n i q a r T l i s a n i , k a x e T i s a n i da imerni da evedrebodes wmidasa mas, raTa mamobriviTa SewevniTa wina uZRodes maT gzasa RmrTisasa”... (298, 25).

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`aRdeg mswrafl da iZien kacni maled mwevelni da moiZie kaci RmrTisa, romelsa ewodebis daviT Rirsi, rameTu dabebkuliTa mosil ars undod da gu[a]draki hkidavs meWTa misTa da w v e r n i m i s n i S T a v l e n a n v i d r e s a r t y e l a d m d e d a k v e r T x i Ã e l T a m i s T a d a Ã a m l n i u n d o d f e r Ã T a da man wariRo sruliad madly qalaqisa wmidisa ierusalimisa” (306, 20).

`qedsa missa viTarca Zagari rame xeneSi da Sublsa missa moaqvnda rqa didi, x o l o k u d i m i s i i y o v i T a r c a Z e l i r a m e s i z r q i T a d a s i g r Z i T a” (295, 14).

aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT axali metafrasuli cxovrebis avtoris erTi literaturuli xerxi, rac wyaros zogierTi detalis sxva konteqstSi gamoyenebaSi mdgomareobs. magaliTad, wyaroSi xazgasmulia, rom `friadi nadiri ars amaT udabnoTa Sina, iremi da gareTxaÁ da sxuaTa nadirTa TÂTo saxeTa simravle uricxÂ” (gv. 163). es SeniSnulia kaxeTis samTavrodan wamosul monadireTa mier daviTis masazrdoebeli irmebis xilvis epizodTan dakavSirebiT. Cvens TxzulebaSi es fraza TiTqmis zustad aris gamoyenebuli, magram sxva situaciaSi, gacilebiT ufro adre, vidre wyaroSi – daviTisadmi RmrTis mier masazrdoeblad movlenili irmebis pirvelad gamoCenis dros. albaT, aseTi SeniSvnis ufro adre gakeTeba, vidre es wyaroSia, Cveni Txzulebis avtors imitom dasWirda, rom irmebis aseTi uecari gamoCena mkiTxvelisaTvis ufro damajerebeli iyos.

aseTive gadaadgilebis meore magaliTs Cven ZeglSi gacilebiT meti efeqti aqvs, vidre wyaros Cvenebas. Zvel metafrasul cxovrebaSi irmebis movlinebis Semdeg laparakia veSapze, romelic daviTisa da lukianes sadgomis moSorebiT, qveviT qvabSi cxovrobda; mocemulia veSapis saSineli Sesaxedaobis aRwera. Semdeg ki iwyeba Txroba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor mostaca man erTi nukri wmindanebTan momaval irmebs da rogori SeZrwunebulni Semocvivden isini daviTis qvabSi. daviTi midis irmebis `mavnebelTa” mosaZebnad da qvabSi ixilavs veSaps.

es adgili originalurad aqvs gakeTebuli Zeglis avtors. iremTa movlinebis epizodis damTavrebisTanave iwyeba Txroba imis Sesaxeb, rom damfrTxali irmebi mocvivdnen berebTan da maT erTi nukri akldaT. daviTi mihyveba iremTa nakvalevs imis gasarkvevad, Tu ra moxda. jerjerobiT mkiTxvelisaTvisac saqmis viTareba gaurkvevelia, man ar icis veSapis arseboba. gansxvavebiT wyarosagan, veSapis gamoCena moulodnelad xdeba: uecrad kldis napralebSi daviTma ixila veSapi, romlis arseboba man ar icoda. aq gacilebiT efeqturia veSapis saSineli Sesaxedaobis iseTive aRwera, rogoric wyaroSi moqmedeba – situaciisagan damoukideblad gvqonda. faqtiurad Cvens Txzulebas gamoutovebia wyaros zemoaRniSnuli adgili ara meqanikurad, aramed Segnebulad, kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiT, xolo gamotovebuli adgilis leqsikur-frazeologiuri masala, rac veSapis aRweras Seexeba, mainc gamoyenebuli aqvs misi xilvis epizodSi.

aRsaniSnavia gviandeli metafrasuli cxovrebis avtoris erTi meTodi, rac wyaros leqsikis sinonimebiT, an Sinaarsobrivad axlo mdgomi sityvebiT SecvlaSi gamoixateba. mizani aseTi Senacvlebisa, rogorc Cans, wyaros frazeologiis

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zusti ganmeorebis Tavidan acilebaSi mdgomareobs:


`...daeca pirsa zeda TÂssa da mdebare iyo viTarca m k u d a r i” (160, 31).`meyseulad ciT STamotevebuli m e x i e c a veSapsa mas da aRanTo igi”

(161,17).`...romelsa Jamsa g a n i k u r n a Ze igi” (172, 23).`...STasxna igini evlogiad m a l a k s a Sina TÂssa”... (179, 26).`...ukueTu ara s r u l h y o s i t y u a Á, Cemi da ara warxÂde amier. a m i T

k u e r T x i T a d a j u a r i T a q r i s t e s i T a g a n v x e T q o muceli Seni” (159, 35).

gviandeli Txzuleba

`...daeca pirsa zeda TÂssa SeSinebuli da idva viTarca u s u l o” (295, 31).`gardamovarda zeciT STamotevebuli cecxli da meyseulad a R w b a veSapi

igi” (296, 3).`romelsa Jamsa, u m o l x i n e s iqmna esreT” (303, 10).`STaisxna igini g u r Z a k T a Sina sixaruliTa” (306, 3).`ukeTu ara m e r C d e , g a n v a p o muceli Seni j u a r i T a a m i T

k v e r T x i T u r T”... (295, 22).ar SeiZleba aRuniSvnelad davtovoT Cveni Txzulebis iseTi mxatvruli

Sedarebebi, romlebic parallels ver pouloben wyaroSi da safiqrebelia, avtoris originaluri Semoqmedebis nayofi unda iyos.

1. daviTis mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi ganuwyveteli locva aseTi mxatvruli saxeebiTaa gadmocemuli: `odesme d a u t e v i s ( d a v i T m a – e . g . ) m z e z u r g i T k e r Z o d a s a v a l T a d a a r a m i d r k i s z e d g o m i s a g a n d a l o c v i s a d a m s g a v s a d n i l o s i s a g a r d a m o m d i n a r e T a c r e m l T a v e d r e b a s a S i n a R m e r T i s a s a yofad nebisa misisa da mimTxvevad aRTqmulTa maT keTilTa saukunosa cxovrebisa da yovlis soflisa mSvidobisaTÂs da ganZlierebisa qristes sjulisa da mcnebisa, v i d r e m d i s a R m o Ã d i s k v a l a d m z e p i r i s p i r m i s s a a R m o s a v l e T d a e s r e T S e m d g o m a d m c i r e d g a n i s v e n i s ” (293, 21).

2. daviTis swavla-darigebani Sedarebulia cxovel wyaros, romelsac sulier swavlas mowyurebuli wmida Zmebi xarbad ewafebian:

`moixilna yovelni, yoveli swavla sulieri da RmerT-myofeli auwya da ganamtkicna yovliT kerZove d a s u e s w y u r i e l T a w y a r o w y l i s a m i s c x o v e l i s a , r o m e l i d i o d a v i T a r c a p i r i s a g a n m i s R i r s i s a d a v i T a r c a a R v s e b u l c a i y o s u l i T a w m i d i s a T a s i y r m i T g a n v e R i r s i e s e q e b i s a w m i d a d a v i T ” (308, 18).

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Txzulebis sxva adgilebze rom araferi vTqvaT, ilustrirebuli Sedarebebi adastureben avtoris literaturul gemovnebasa da gawafulobas.

mokled SevexoT gansaxilvel TxzulebaSi SemCneul iseT zedmetsa da gansxvavebul adgilebs, romelTa Semotana ZeglSi avtoris mier garejis udabnoSi moRvaweobis dros sakuTari dakvirvebebis Sedegi unda iyos. qvemoT motanil xazgasmul adgilebs wyaroSi paraleli ar eZebnebaT: `...gamovida da warvida samxriT kerZo wversa mis mTisasa, s a d a a w a r s l a v r a d i d i g a m o k v e T i l i ” (295, 27).

`aRved rqasa imas... r o m e l s a e w o d a v i d r e d R e i n d e l a d d R e m d e d o d o r q a, romeli axlavs wmidasa daviTs pirispir farsax erT” (299, 30).

Zvel metafrasul cxovrebaSi daviTis mier ierusalimidan motanili wminda qvis Sesaxeb aRniSnulia: `ese qvaÁ mdebare ars udabnosa amas vidre aqamomde...” (182, 25). axali metafrasuli coxvrebis avtori kritikulad udgeba wyaros Cvenebas da, radganac mis dros es qva garejaSi aRar ipoveba, aRuniSvnelad ar tovebs am faqts: `...qvisa mis, romeli iyo monastersa missa Jam ramodenime da v i T a r e b a T a g a n m R e l v a r i s a a m i s s o f l i s a T a u C i n o i q m n a ” (308, 2).

daviT garejelis Zvel metafrasul cxovrebaSi garejis mkvidrTa gamravlebis faqti mokled arsi gadmocemuli: `xolo warÃdes raÁ, amas Sina Jamni raodennime da simravle friadi Semokrbeboda ZmaTa” (gv. 175, 34). amis Sesabamisi adgili axal metafrasul cxovrebaSi erTiaTad vrcelia. Cven aq mxolod dasawyis nawils movitanT, romelSic unda igulisxmebodes avtoris mexsierebaSi jer kidev cocxali, garejis udabnos darbevisa da morwmune berebis amoJletis ambebi. SesaZlebelia, avtori aq ufro Zvel ambebsac gulisxmobdes, romelic mas sxvadasxva werilobiTi wyaroebiTa da gadmocemebiTac ecodineboda: `xolo mier dRiTgan umetes ganÃda ÃmaÁ Rirsisa amis mamisaÁ yovelsa qveyanasa qarTlisasa da Semokrbebodes simravle didZali, vidreRa verRara itevdes udabnoni ese. pirvel mÃecTa sadgurni aRivso RirsTa da saTnoTa kacTa mier angelozebriviTa moqalaqeobiTa. da rameTu umravlesi maTi u k a n a s k n e l w a m e b i s a m i e r s r u l i q m n e s d a o r k e c a d g Â r g Â n o s a n i q m n e s m o R v a w e b i s a s a r b i e l i T a d a s i s x l T a d a T x e v i T a , r a m e T u a R s a v s e a r i a n u d a b n o T a a m a T n a p r a l n i n a w i l T a m a T s a n a t r e l T a n i...” (304, 10).

daskvnebi

Zeglze Catarebuli dakvirvebani SeiZleba ase SevajamoT:daviT garejelis axali metafrasuli cxovreba dauweria qarTul saeklesio

mwerlobaSi cnobil moRvawes romanoz mitropolits 1737-40ww. safiqrebelia,

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rom es Txzuleba dawerilia misi TbilisSi yofnis dros.avtors ZiriTadad usargeblia daviT garejelis Zveli metafrasuli

cxovrebiT, rac aRniSnulia kidec avtoriseul anderZSi da rasac adasturebs am ori Zeglis teqstobrivi Seswavla.

am ZiriTadi wyaros gadamuSavebis raime erTi garkveuli meTodi ar Cans, magram mokled mainc SeiZleba gairkves avtoris mier gamoyenebuli literaturuli xerxebi:

axali cxovreba ZvelTan mimarTebiT SedarebiT moklea. Semokleba gamoiwvia wyaros grZeli locvebisa da vrceli dialogebis Sekvecam, risTvisac ZiriTadad parafrazia gamoyenebuli, zogierTi gaWianurebuli Txroba srulebiT amoRebulia da erT winadadebaSi Sejamebuli saxiTaa gadmocemuli. dasturdeba sawinaaRmdego meTodic: zogierTi detalis damateba da gavrcoba.

garda aRniSnuli ZiriTadi wyarosa, axal Txzulebas usargeblia Sio mRvimelis metafrasuli cxovrebiT, dodo garejelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebiT, maTes saxarebis meeqvse Tavis sami muxliT da, SesaZlebelia, iovane zedaznelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebiTac. TxzulebaSi Setanilia avtoriseuli uSualo dakvirvebani misi daviT garejis monasterSi moRvaweobis dros.

Txzuleba (miuxedavad imisa, rom igi XVIII s. Zeglia) iCens aSkara midrekilebas enis arqaulobisaken. miuxedavad avtoris cdisa, daicvas arqauli enobrivi normebi da stili, ZeglSi sakmao raodenobiT iCens Tavs ara marto axali qarTuli enis elementebi, aramed sasaubro enis formebic. orTogfrafiulad Zegli Wrelia, Tumca ufro axali orTografiis mxarezea.

Txzulebis Seqmnis mizezi saZiebelia XVIII saukunis dasawyisidan dawyebuli im literaturul saqmianobaSi, romelic gansakuTrebiT sagrZnoblad Seexo hagiografiasa da liturgikas da romelic miznad isaxavda nacionaluri masalis Sekrebas sxvadasxva krebulebSi da am dargebSi arsebuli xarvezebis Sevsebas. Cveni Txzulebac domenti kaTalikozisa da besarion orbeliSvilis literaturuli moRvaweobis gamoZaxili unda iyos.

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Романоз Эристави и его неизвестное сочинение(Резюме)

Рукопись Центрального государстенного исторического архива Грузии №252 (Ф. 1446), 1-ой половины XVIII века, содержит Житие Давида из Гареджи, в достаточной мере отличающееся от хорошо известных древних редакций жития вышеназванного подвижника. Однако, доселе сочинение это замечено не было. Из колофона рукописи видно, что оно написано митрополитом Романозом Эристави, церковным деятелем, известным в грузинской литературе XVIII века.

О его личности мало что известно. По сведениям, содержащимся в архивных материалах и в приписках рукописей, главные моменты биографии Романоза Эристави таковы:

Романоз принадлежит к знаменитой фамилии Эриставов Арагви. Он являлся сыном Георгия Эристави и братом Анны, супруги царевича Бакара. В 1710г. он постригся в монахи в пустыне Гареджи и подвижничал там 12 лет. В 1722-1727 годах он находился в Москве, в Донском монастыре. В 1728 году Романоз возвращается в Грузию; он не смог вернутся Гареджийский монастырь из-за нашествия лезгинов; поэтому он продолжал деятельность в своём митрополитском доме в Тбилиси. Однако, и здесь было беспокойно из-за нашествия персов (имевшего место около 1737 года), и он бежал в Имеретию, где жил 8 месяцев, а затем начал приготовления к отъезду в Москву. В 1741-42 годах он продолжает свою деятельность в Москве, здесь же в 1745г. он написал своё сочинение `winwila RaRadebisa”.

После этого его имя почти нигде не упоминается. Известно лишь, что он опять возвратился в Гареджу, здесь же он и скончался. Доселе неизвестны даты его отъезда из России и кончины.

В грузинской научной литературе он известен лишь как автор ̀ winwila RaRadebisa”. По нашему мнению, его перу должно принадлежать и синаксарное житие Додо из Гареджи, внесенное в 1726 году в синаксарный сборник (А-220), а также вышеназванное неизвестное житие Давида из Гареджи, написанное, по всей вероятности, в 1737-40 годах.

Основным источником, которым пользовался автор, является древное (XIIв.) метафрастическое житие Давида из Гареджи, о чем он говорит в колофоне сочинения. Факт этот подтверждается и текстологическим изучением этих сочинений.

Новое житие (по сравнению с первоисточником) меньше по объему. Сокращение достигнуто путем удаления длинных диалогов и молитв древнего метафрастического жития; для этого использован в основном парафраз, вместо механического сокращения. Содержание некоторых эпизодов, довольно пространных в первоисточнике, передано несколькими предложениями. Однако, замечаются также и противоположные по своему характеру явления: некоторые детали добавлены, эпизоды расширены. Автор, кроме основного источника, пользуется метафрастическим житием Шио Мгвимского,

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синаксарным житием Додо из Гареджи, отдельными стихами VI главы Евангелия от Матфея и, возможно, синаксарным житием Иоанна Зедазнели.

Сочинение является поздним, но его язык, хотя в нём и встречаются, причем в количестве достаточном, формы разговорного языка, свойственные ново-грузинскому языку, показывает тяготение к архаичности. Орфография сочинения ближе к новой.

Создание подобного сочинения обусловлено литературной деятельностью, развернувшейся в начале XVIII века и коснувшейся, главным образом, агиографии и литургики; целью подобной деятельности было в первую очередь собирание национального материала, имевшегося в разных сборниках, и восполнение существующих пробелов. Вышеназванная новая редакция жития Давида из Гареджи должно быть, отголосок литературной деятельности католикосов Доментия и Виссариона Орбелишвили.

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14-titlovani nomokanonis qarTuli Targmani –

,,didi sjuliskanoni~ *

Sua saukuneebis bizantiuri kulturis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi monapovari – saeklesio samarTlis ZiriTadi kodeqsi, romelic 14-titlovani nomokanonis 883w. redaqciiTaa cnobili, saukuneebis manZilze kanonist-iuristTa da istorikos-filologTa Seunelebeli interesis obieqti iyo. mravali aTeuli tomi mieZRvna am Zeglis publikaciebs da Teoriuli sakiTxebis kvlevas sxvadasxva civilizebuli qveynebis samecniero wreebSi. es interesi gasagebia, radgan am ZeglTanaa dakavSirebuli bizantiuri kanonikuri mwerlobis formirebis ZiriTadi etapebi da qristianuli eklesiis praqtikuli kanonikuri saqmianoba.

14-titlovan nomokanonSi Tavmoyrili saeklesio da samoqalaqo iurisprudenciis umniSvnelovanesi Zeglebi romaul-berZnuli saxelmwifosa da qristianuli eklesiis urTierTTanamSromlobis naTeli gamoxatulebaa. zogadqristianuli savaldebulo saeklesio kanonebi, miRebuli an damtkicebuli msoflio saeklesio krebebze, TavianTi mniSvnelobiT scildebodnen eklesiis farglebs da saxelmwifo-samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis Zalas iZendnen. iustiniane didis sakanonmdeblo wignebSi naTladaa aRniSnuli, rom aseT saeklesio kanonebs garkveuli upiratesoba aqvT imave sakiTxebis Sesaxeb gamotanil samoqalaqo kanonebTan SedarebiT: yovelgvari saxelmwifo-samoqalaqo kanoni kargavs Zalas, Tuki is winaaRmdegobaSia Sesabamis saeklesio kanonTan (aTenis sintagma 1,36).

ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis qarTuli Targmani - ,,didi sjuliskanoni” naTargmni literaturis erT-erTi im ubrwyinvales ZeglTagania, romlebic ramdenadme gansazRvravdnen qarTveli eris maRal kulturul donesa da sulier potencies. gadaWarbebuli ar iqneba Tu vityviT, rom ,,didi sjuliskanonis” wyalobiT kanonikuri mwerloba Zveli qarTuli literaturis srulfasovani dargi gaxda. gansakuTrebiT didia am Zeglis roli originaluri saeklesio samarTlis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi.1

marTalia, ,,didi sjuliskanoni” Zveli qarTuli kulturis mkvlevarTa gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebda, magram misi Seswavlis saqme zogad msjelobaTa da xelnawerTa aRweraze Sors ar wasula. iv. javaxiSvilis, k.kekeliZisa da sxva gamoCenil mecnierTa SromebSi xSirad SexvdebiT sinanulis sityvebs am Zeglis gamoucemlobis gamo.

* daibeWda: didis juliskanoni, Tbilisi, 1975, Sesavali narkvevis saxiT, gv. 7-96. 1 ,,didi sjuliskanonis” gavlena qarTuli samarTlis Zeglze sagangebo Seswavlis sagania da amitom es sakiTxi aq aRar ganvixileT.

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,,didi sjuliskanonis” pirveli mecnierul-kritikuli gamocema Tavis daniSnulebas gaamarTlebs, Tuki saeklesio samarTlis mkvlevarni, qarTuli enis istoriis sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli pirni da saerTod humanitarul mecnierebaTa moyvarulni am gamocemaSi maTTvis sasargeblo sakiTxebze pasuxs ipovnian. am Zeglis gamocema imiTacaa gamarTlebuli, rom mas SeuZlia berZnul dedanTan dakavSirebul zogierT bundovan sakiTxSi garkveuli sinaTle Seitanos.

,,didi sjuliskanonis” gamocema Tavisi moRvaweobis ukanasknel wlebSi ganzraxuli hqonda akad. k. kekeliZes. 1961 w. man sTxova prof. il. abulaZes, rom xelnawerTa institutis TanamSromlebs gadmoeweraT ,,didi sjuliskanonis” teqsti mis mier SerCeuli nusxidan (A-76). imave wlis bolos e. gabiZaSvils, l. jRamaias da l. kiknaZes teqstis gadmowera damTavrebuli hqondaT. k. kekeliZis gardacvalebam dasawyisSive SeaCera Zeglis gamocemisaTvis dawyebuli muSaoba. mxolod 1966 w. il abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiT da e. gabiZaSvilis, e. giunaSvilis, m. dolaqiZisa da g.ninuas monawileobiT ganaxlda teqstze muSaoba. prof. il. abulaZis uecarma gardacvalebam erTxel kidev daabrkola Zeglis gamocemis saqme. Zeglis gamocemis xelmZRvaneloba doc. al. gamyreliZes daevala da muSaobac ganaxlda, magram es periodic xanmokle aRmoCnda aleqsandre gamyreliZis tragikulad daRupvis gamo.

gamosacemad teqstis momzadebis simZime mTlianad am saqmeSi Cabmul zemoT dasaxelebul pirebs daawvaT.

,,didi sjuliskanonis” qarTul nusxaTa monacemebi da maTi 14-titlovani nomokanonis berZnuli xelnawerebis aRwerilobebTan da am Zeglis berZnul publikaciebTan SepirispirebiT miRebuli Sedegebi aRniSvnis Rirsad miviCnieT, rac winamdebare gamocemis Sesaval werilSia mocemuli. gamokvleva mxolod filologiur-teqstologiur sakiTxTa garkveul wres iTvaliswinebs. Zeglis iuridiuli sakiTxebis kvleva specialistTa kompetencias Seadgens, Tumca iuridiul terminTa komentirebul saZiebelSi, romelic m. dolaqiZem Seadgina da erTvis teqsts, dainteresebuli piri am dargis bevr mniSvnelovan masalas ipovis.

,,didi sjuliskanonis” leqsikoni, romelic g. ninuam Seadgina, aRnusxavs qarTuli enis mraval saintereso leqsikur erTeuls, romelTagan zogi unikalurad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

,,didi sjuliskanonis” teqsti gamoirCeva sakuTari da geografiul saxelTa simdidriT, rac fiqsirebulia e. giunaSvilis mier Sedgenil saZieblebSi.

winamdebare gamocema, ra Tqma unda, dazRveuli ar iqneba naklisagan, magram pirvel gamocemasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebis gaTvaliswinebam iqneb odnav lmobieri gaxados mkacri mkiTxveli.

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dasasrul, gamomcemelTa koleqtivi madlobas uxdis yvelas, vinc ki saqmiT Tu TanagrZnobiT daxmareba gauwia am Zeglis gamoqveynebas.

1. zogadi cnobebi 14-titlovani nomokanonis Sesaxeb

marTlmadidebluri qristianuli eklesiis ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsi sabolood mxolod IXs. ukanasknel meoTxedSi Camoyalibda. 14-titlovani nomokanonis e.w. 883 wlis redaqciis saxiT, romelmac zogadqristianuli saxelmZRvanelo normis uflebebi kanonikis dargSi oficialurad konstantinopolis 920w. saeklesio krebaze miiRo.1 bizantiuri saeklesio mwerlobis istoriaSi pirveli cxra saukune ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis wyaroTa Camoyalibebisa da maT safuZvelze sxvadasxva formisa da Sinaarsis kanonikuri krebulebis Sedgenis periodi iyo. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroTa umdidresi da mravalferovani masalidan ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsSi mxolod umniSvnelovanesi Sevida. es kodeqsi sxvadasxva enaze iTargmna da maTeli msoflios marTlmadidebluri eklesiis saxelmZRvanelo programa gaxda.

kanonikur kodeqss Seadgens im saeklesio kanonebis erToblioba, romlebic savaldebuloa mTeli msoflios marTlmadidebluri eklesiisaTvis. saeklesio kanonTa am krebulSi Sevida saeklesio kanonmdeblobis is iuridiuli normebi, romlebic miRebuli iyo adreqristianuli periodidan IX saukunemde da, romlebsac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda qristianuli eklesiis marTvisa da organizaciis saqmeSi. kanonikuri kodeqsis konkretuli wyaroebi oTx ZiriTad jgufad iyofa:

1. ,,mociqulTa” saxeliT cnobili 85 saeklesio kanoni saeklesio kanonmdeblobis pirvel werilobiT Zeglad iTvleba. Sinaarsis mixedviT mociqulTa kanonebSi gamoiyofa sxvadasxva drois fenebi,2 magram am kanonebis saboloo gaerTianeba da erT krebulad Camoyalibeba III s. miwurulisaTvis unda damTavrebuliyo, yovel SemTxvevaSi ara ugvianes nikiis I msoflio krebisa (325 w.). samecniero literaturaSi sapirispiro mosazrebaTagan ufro miRebuli varaudiT mociqulTa kanonebi SemuSavebulia qristianul eklesiaSi ganmtkicebul CveulebaTa da gadmocemaTa safuZvelze II – III ss. adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa mier miRebuli kanonmdeblobis gaTvaliswinebiT.3 mociqulTa kanonebis saeklesio krebaTa kanonebTan gaerTianeba erT krebulSi pirvelad Vs. miwurulisTvisaa savaraudebeli (dionise mciris berZnulidan laTinurad

1 Никодим, Православное церковное право, СПБ, 1897, стр. 200.2 Остроумов М., Введение в прав. церковное право, Харьков, 1893, стр. 171-174.3 Beveregius G., Codex canonum Ecclesiae primitivae vindicatus ac illustratus, Londini, 1678.

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500w. Targmnili krebuli).1 berZnuli wyaroebis mixedviT es kanonebi pirvelad aw dakarguli 60 titlovani kanonikuri krebulis (VI s.) SedgenilobaSi aris moxseniebuli. ioane sqolastikosis 50-titlovan krebulSi (VI s.) da yvela Semdegdroindel kanonikur krebulSi mociqulTa kanonebi pirvel adgilzea Setanili.

2. msoflio saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi. ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsSi Sesulia yvela saeklesio kanoni, romelic ki 325-787 ww. ganmavlobaSi mowveul Svid msoflio krebas gamoutania, radganac msoflio kreba yovelTvis iTvleboda umaRles saeklesio sakanonmdeblo organod: nikiis I msoflio krebis 20 kanoni (325w.), konstantinopolis II krebis 7 kan. (381 w.), efesos III krebis 8 kan. (432 w.), qalkedonis IV-30 kan. (451 w.). konstantinopolis V (553 w.) da VI (681 w.) msoflio krebebs saeklesio kanonebi ar gamoutaniaT. es xarvezi Seavso konstantinopolis e.w. trulis 691w. krebam 102 kanoniT. nikiis VII krebis 22 kan. (787w.).

3. adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi. I-IX saukuneebis ricxvmraval adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTagan mxolod ramdenimem daimkvidra adgili ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsSi. es is 10 adgilobrivi krebaa, romelTa saeklesio kanonebis zogadqristianuli mniSvnelobis aRiareba msoflio krebaTa sanqciiT moxda: ankviriis krebis 25 kanoni (314w.), neokesariis – 15 kan. (314-325ww.), Rangris – 21 kan. (340w.), antioqiis – 25 kan. (341w.), laodikiis – 59 kan. (343w.), sardikiis – 21 kan. (343w.), konstantinopolis 394w. krebis 1 kan., karTagenis – 138 kan. (419w.), konstantinopolis 861w. krebis 17 kan. da konstantinopolis 879w. krebis 3 kanoni.2

4. avtoritetul sakelesio moRvaweTa epistolaruli kanonmdebloba. marTlmadidebluri eklesia erTaderT kompetentur sakanonmdeblo organod sakelesio krebas aRiarebda, xolo e.w. ,,wmida mamaTa” kanoniani espistoleebi erTpirovnuli kanonmdeblobis nimuSia, magram gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom wmida mamaTa espistoleebSi Camoyalibebulma saeklesio kanonebma zogadqristianuli savaldebulo normis mniSvneloba mxolod VI (trulis 691w.) msoflio krebis sanqciis Semdeg moipoves. ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsSi Setanilia: dionise

1 Bibliotheca Juris canonici, Opera et studio Gulielmi Voelli et Henrici Justelli, I, Paris, 1661, 103-180.2 msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa istoriis Sesaxeb saukeTesoa: Hefele C.I., Conciliengeschichte, t. I-XII, meore germanuli gamocema Freiburg, 1873-1887, da franguli Targmani Paris, 1869-1878. msoflio krebebTan dakavSirebiT ix. Деяния вселенских соборов, т. I-VII, Казань, 1869-1888. msoflio krebaTa dogmatikuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb ix. Лебедев, А.П., Вселенские соборы, т. I-II., СПб, 1904г. xolo specialurad nikiis krebis Sesaxeb Смирнов К., Обозрение источников истории первого вселенского Никейского собора, Ярославль, 1888г. qalkedonis krebis Sesaxeb: Das Konzil von Chalkedon, herausgegeben von Grillimer A. und Bacht H., I, II, III, 1951-1954.

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aleqsandrielis (+265w.) 4 kanoni; grigol neokesarielis (+270w.) 10 kan.; petre aleqsandrielis (+311w.) 15 kan.; aTanase didis (+373w.) 3 kan.; basili didis (328-379ww.) sul 91 kan.; grigoli noselis (+395w.) 8 kan.; grigoli RmrTismetyvelis (nazianzelis +389w.) 1 kan.; amfiloqe ikonielis (+395w.) 1 kan.; timoTe aleqsandrielis (+385w.) 15 kan.; Teofile aleqsandrielis (+412w.) 14 kan.; kirile aleqsandrielis (+444w.) 5 kan.; genadi konstantinopolelis (+571w.) epistole.

amasTanave aRsaniSnavia, rom tarasi konstantinopolelis (gard. 809w.) epistole Zvel berZnul xelnawerebSi da ,,did sjuliskanonSi” Setanilia nikiis VII msoflio krebis gagrZelebad, xolo berZnul gamocemebSi gadmotanilia wm. mamaTa espitoleebis rigSi.1

ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsSi Sesuli zemoT CamoTvlili konkretuli wyaroebis kodifikacia TandaTanobiT mimdinareobda, amitom kanonikur krebulebSi maT adgili sxvadasxva dros daimkvidres. qristianuli eklesiis samyaroSi Sedgenil pirvel kanonikur krebulsa da IX sauk. bolos Camoyalibebul ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqss erTmaneTs saukuneebi aSorebs, xolo am drois ganmavlobaSi epoqis saWiroebisamebr miRebuli saeklesio kanonebis gamomzeureba da maTi krebulebSi fiqsireba TavisTavad cvlida kanonikuri krebulis Sinaarsobriv Sedgenilobas. amasTanave kanonikuri krebulis praqtikuli moxmarebisaTvis gasaadvileblad cdilobdnen krebulSi Sesuli masalisaTvis sistematizaciis efeqturi meTodebi moenaxaT, rac Tavis mxriv iwvevda kanonikuri krebulebis erTmaneTisagan formaluri niSnebiT gansxvavebas.

marTalia, pirveli kanonikuri krebulebis Sesaxeb SemorCenili cnobebi Zalze Zunwia, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom nikiis I msoflio krebis kanonebi aris is ZiriTadi birTvi, romelic safuZvlad daedo saeklesio krebaTa kanonebis Semcvel yvela krebulis Camoyalibebas (rogorc aRvniSneT, mociqulTa kanonebis, rogorc gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis saeklesio kanonebis Semcveli krebuli nikiis krebaze adre unda arsebuliyo). pirveli aseTi krebuli samecniero literaturaSi `pontos krebulis” saxelwodebiTaa cnobili, romelic nikiis krebis kanonebTan – ankviriis, neokesariisa da Rangris adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebis SeerTebiT unda warmoSobiliyo jer kidev IVs. `pontos krebuli” mas ewoda imis gamo, rom oTxive kreba bizantiis aRmosavleTis prefeqturis pontos diocezSi iyo mowveuli.2

1 ,,wm. mamaTa” Sesaxeb ix. Арх. Порфирий ,,Прибавление к творениям св. отцев”, Моск., 1863, XXII, 1-59. Фаррар Ф.В., Жизнь и труды св. отцев и учителей церкви (пер. с английского), СПБ, 1891. Филарет, Историческое учение об отцах церкви, т. I,II,III, СПБ, 1882. I. Bickell, Geshichte des Kirchenrechts, I, 1843, 30… da sxv. 2 Maassen F., Geschicte der Quellen und der Literatur des canon. Rechts, I, Gratz, 1870, s. 100; 939. Заозерский Н., Никейский кодекс, Чтение в обществе любителей духовного просвещения, 1882, I, 597.

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qalkedonis meoTxe msoflio krebis (451w.) aqtebidan aSkaraa, rom kreba xelmZRvanelobda specialuri wigniT (βιβλίον), saidanac xdeboda adrindel krebaTa kanonebis citacia.1 Cans, rom am kanonikur krebulSi kanonTa uwyveteli saTvalaviT Setanili iyo `pontos krebuli” da amasTanave antioqiis (341w.), laodikiis (343w.) da konstantinopolis meore msoflio krebaTa kanonebi (es krebuli Vs. dionise mciris mier laTinur enaze Seqmnili krebulis erT-erTi wyaro unda iyos).

ar Semonaxula Cvenamde arc 60-titlovani kanonikuri krebuli, romlis arseboba CvenTvis cnobilia ioane sqolastikosis 50-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis winasityvaobidan, da romelic warmoadgenda sqolastikosis Sromis erT-erT ZiriTad wyaros. materialuri Sedgeniloba 60-titlovani krebulisa qalkedonis krebaze dasaxelebul `kanonTa wignTan” SedarebiT gamdidrebuli yofila mociqulTa, sardikiis, efesos III da qalkedonis IV msoflio krebaTa kanonebiT. fiqroben, rom saeklesio kanonebis Semdeg krebuls erTvoda iustiniane imperatoris samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis kodeqsidan gamorCeviT gamokrebili samoqalaqo kanonebi saeklesio sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, kerZod, Collectio XXV capitulorum2 da am faqtze dayrdnobiT 60-titlovani krebulis Sedgenis TariRad 535w. axlo xanebs miiCneven.3 dasaxelebuli krebuli pirveli sistematuri kanonikuri krebulia, romelSic sxvadasxva krebis kanonebi dajgufebuli iyo im 60 saeklesio sakiTxis mixedviT, ramac gamoiwvia krebulis 60 titlosad anu nawilad dayofa.

ioane sqolastikosis saeklesio kanonebis 50-titlovani krebuli pirveli sistematuri krebulia, romelic sruli saxiT aris Semonaxuli. Sedgenilia is 566 wlamde, radgan ioane aq antioqiis eklesiis xucesad da apokrisiarad ixsenieba, xolo 566w. is ukve konstantinopolis patriarqia. 60-titlovan krebulTan SedarebiT man damatebiT Seitana basili didis 68 kanoni (amfiloqesadmi gagzavnili meore da mesame epistoleebi), xolo krebuli 50 nawilad dayo (SesaZlebelia, iustinianes digestonebis mibaZviT) da TiToeuli nawilisaTvis Sesabamisi kanonebis ricxvi gaizarda.4

sqolastikosis dasaxelebuli krebulis TiTqmis yvela berZnul xelnawers boloSi, damatebis saxiT, erTvis samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis wignebidan, saxeldobr, iustiniane imperatoris novelebidan gamokrebili samoqalaqo kanonebis krebuli saeklesio sakiTxebis irgvliv. es krebuli Seudgenia imave

1 Деяния вселенских соборов, т. IV, 76-77; 258-259.2 Zachariä von Lingenthal, Die griechischen Nomokanones, СПб, 1877, 2-3.3 iqve, gv.6.4 Juris ecclesiastici graecorum historia et monumenta, curante J. B. Pitra, II, Romae, 1868, 375-385. qveviT am gamocemas mokled `Pitra” – movixseniebT.

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ioane sqolastikoss 565-678ww. SemoklebiT am krebuls Collectio 87 capitulorum

ewodeba.1

ioane sqolastikosis mier Sedgenili ori dasaxelebuli krebulis gaerTianebiT ucnobi avtoris mier Sedgenil iqna formiTa da SinaarsiT sruliad axali kanonikuri krebuli, romelic dRes ̀ 50-titlovani nomokanonis” saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. krebuli, romlis Seqmnas 582-602ww. varaudoben,2 aseTi principiTaa Sedgenili: TiToeuli titlosis qveS mocemulia jer saeklesio kanonze miTiTeba (teqstis gareSe), xolo Semdeg am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli samoqalaqo kanonis sruli teqsti. krebulis boloSi Setani;lia damatebis saxiT Collectio 87 capitulorum –idan is 22 Tavi, romelic avtors titlosebSi ver gaunawilebia.3

saeklesio samarTlis istoriaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis prototipis – 14-titlovani krebulis Camoyalibebas. marTalia, dRes ukve aRar moipoveba am krebulis Semcveli berZnuli xelnawerebi, romlebic Tavdapirveli saxiT warmogvidgenen dasaxelebuli krebulis Sedgenilobas, magram am krebulis winasityvaoba, Semonaxuli sruli saxiT, saSualebas gvaZlevs SedarebiT srulad aRvadginoT misi Sinaarsobrivi da formaluri saxe: Sinaarsobrivad 14-titlovani krebuli, romelsac samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva mosazrebiT zogjer 14-titlovan kanonikur sintagmas uwodeben, xolo zogjer 14-titlovan nomokanons (amis Sesaxeb qvemoT), imeorebs ioane sqolastikosis 50-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis Sedgenilobas da damatebiT Seicavs metad mniSvnelovan kanonikur masalas: karTagenis 419w. krebis kanonebs, romelic laTinuridan berZnulad specialurad am krebulisaTvis unda yofiliyo Targmnili, basili didis 68 kanons, romelic sqolastikosis krebulSic iyo Setanili, aq kidev mimatebuli aqvs amave avtoris sxva epistoleebidan Sedgenili 23 kanoni da, rac mTavaria, am krebulSi pirveladaa Setanili sxva saeklesio moRvaweTa kanonikuri epistoleebi, romlebmac sabolood daimkvidres adgili kanonikur kodeqsSi. 14-titlovani krebulis Semdgenlis udides damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos dasaxelebuli masalisaTvis analitikuri saZieblebis sistemis Camoyalibeba, romelic ucvleli darCa saukuneebis manZilze – aRniSnuli krebulis Sinaarsobrivad gamdidrebis Semdegac. 14-titlovani krebulis winasityvalobis is adgili, sadac avtori samoqalaqo kanonebis Sesaxeb laparakobs, mecnierTa didi kamaTis sagania. mkvlevarTa erTi nawili fiqrobs, rom samoqalaqo kanonebi krebulSi Tavidanve titlosebis Tavebs Soris iyo ganawilebuli saeklesio kanonebze miTiTebis

1 F. A. Biener, Geschichte der Novellen Justinians, Berlin, 1824, 117-584.2 E. Zachariä, dasax. naSromi, gv. 9.3 gamocemulia G. Voellus et H. Justellus, Bibliotheca Juris canonici, II, Paris, 1661, 603-660.

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Semdeg,1 xolo mkvlevaTa nawili amtkicebs, rom samoaqalaqo kanonebis krebuli 14-titlovan kanonikur krebuls bobloSi erTvoda damatebis saxiT.2 meore varaudis mixedviT 14-titlovani krebulis ZiriTadi nawili Tavdapirvelad mxolod saeklesio kanonebis Semcvel Zegls warmoadgenda da Sedgenili unda yofiliyo VIs. bolos (daax. 580w.), xolo dasaxelebuli krebulis 14-titlovan nomokanonad gadakeTeba moxda mogvianebiT – 629-640ww., mas Semdeg, rac krebulze damatebis saxiT darTuli samoqalaqo kanonebi titlosebs Soris gaanawiles.3 mkvlevarTa pirveli nawilis varaudiT 14-titlovani krebuli, romelic Tavidanve nomokanonad Camoyalibda, VIIs. I naxevarSia Sedgenili. 14-titlovani krebulis garegani forma, sistematuri nawilis 14 titlosad dayofa, rogorc fiqroben, iustinianes samoqalaqo kanonebis kodeqsis mibaZviT unda iyos gakeTebuli.4

14-titlovani nomokanonis VIIs. redaqciis Sinaarsobrivi Sevsebis gziT 883w. Camoyalibda 14-titlovani nomokanonis saboloos redaqcia, rogorc es aRniSnulia am krebulis winasityvaobaSi. 883w. redaqciaSi damatebiT Sesulia: VI (trulis) msoflio krebis 102 kanoni, nikiis VII msoflio krebis 22 kanoni, konstantinopolis 861w. adgilobrivi krebis 17 kanoni, konst. 879w. adgil. krebis 3 kanoni, agreTve aTanase aleqsndrielis, grigol nazianzelisa da amfiloqe ikonielis kanonikuri epistoleebi. aRsaniSnabia, rom 14-titlovani nomokanonis 883w. Semdgenels ekuTvnis dasaxelebul saeklesio krebaTa kanonebze miTTebebis Setana sistematuri nawilis titlosebis TavebSi. 883w. redaqciis winasityvaobis mixedviT Cans, rom am krebulis redaqtors gadausinjavs 14-titlovani nomokanonis VIIs. redaqciaSi Setanili samoqalaqo kanonebi, moZvelebuli da Zaladakarguli amouRia, xolo maT nacvlad axali kanonebi νομικάς τινάς ρήσεις Seutania. es swored samoqalaqo-saxelmwifo kanonebis kodeqsTa reviziisa da gadasinjvis periodia.

samecniero literaturaSi 14-titlovani nomokanonis 883w. redaqcias xSirad `fotis nomokanons” uwodeben. IXs. II naxevris konstantinopolis am cnobili patriarqis 883w. redaqciis nomokanois avtorad gamocxadebis tradicia emyareba X-XIss. berZnul xelnawerTa Cvenebas, rac kidev ufro ganamtkica 14-titlovani nomokanonis XIIs. cnobili komentatorebis balzamonisa da zonaras mowmobam. fotis avtorobis problema samecniero literaturaSi gauTavebeli kamaTis

1 Biener, Beiträge zur Revision des Justinianischen Codex, Berlin, 1833, s. 37. es azri gaiziares: C. W. Heimbach-ma, J.A.B. Mortreuil-ma, J.B. Pitra-m, Н. Заозерский-m da sxv.2 E. Zachariä, dasax. naSromi, gv. 6; Остроумов М., dasax. naSromi, gv. 283-285 da sxv.3 E. Zachariä, dasax. naSromi, gv. 104 Заозерский Н., Синтагма в XIV титулах, Чт. в общ. люб. духов. просвещения, Москва, 1883, стр. 337-338.

62

sagania da sabolood gadaWrili ar aris.1 swored 14-titlovani nomokanonis 883w. redaqcia gaxda dedani `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli Targmanisa.

winamdebare mokle mimoxilvaSi SevecadeT iseT kanonikur krebulebs SevxebodiT, romelTac pirdapiri kavSiri hqondaT ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis - 14-titlovani nomokanonis 883w. redaqciis formirebasTan, xolo gverdi avuareT uZveles laTinur kanonikur krebulebs, romelTa safuZveli berZnuli kanonikuri kiodeqsebia, agreTve sinopsisur uZveles krebulebs (sadac saeklesio kanonTa Semoklebuli teqstebia Sesuli) da agreTve im mravalricxovan kanonikur krebulebs, romlebic bizantiur samyaroSi IXs. Semdeg Camoyalibdnen: aq maTi mimoxilvis saSualeba ar gvqonda. da bolos, ubralod CamovTvliT ZiriTad gamocemebs, romlebic 14-titlovani nomokanonis 883w. redaqciis berZnul teqstebs Seicaven:

1. Bibliotheca Juris canonici… Opera et studio Guilielmi Voelli et Henrici Justelli, I-II, Paris, 1661.

2. Sinodicon sive Pandectae canonum SS. Apostolorum et conciliorum ab ecclesia graeca receptorum, nec non canonicarum SS. Patrum epistolarum… divisium Gulielmus Beveregius, .т. I-II, Oxonii, 1672.

3. Σύνταγμα των θείων και ιερων κανόνων των τε αγίων και πανευφήμων αποστόλων και των ιερων οικουμενικων και τοπικων συνόδων και των κατα μέρος αγίων πατέρων... υπο Γ. Α. Ράλλη και Μ. Πότλη... Ι-IV, Αθήν., 1852-1859. (Semokl. vixmarT `aTenis sintagma”-s). 14-titlovani nomokanonis teqsti, balzamonisa da zonaras komentarebiT, Sesulia I-IV tomebSi.

4. Juris ecclesiastici graecorum historia… curante J. B. Pitra… Romae т. I, 1864, t. II. 1668.

aRsaniSnavia agreTve aTenis sintagmis mxolod saeklesio kanonTa teqstis rusuli Targmani balzamonis, zonaras da aristines komentarebiTurT: Правила святых апостолов, святых соборов, вселенских и поместных и святых Отец с толкованиями, I, II, III, Мос., 1876... aseve, Никодим, Правила правос. церкви с толкованиями. I, I, СПб, 1911, serbiulidan rusulad naTargmni naSromi, romelic Seicavs aTenis sintagmis saeklesio kanonebis teqstebs TviT avtoris komentarebiT.

ZiriTadi cnobebi 14-titlovani nomokanonis sxvadasxva redaqciebis Semcveli berZnuli xelnawerebis Sesaxeb ix. Бенешевич В. Н., Канонический сборник XIV титулов, СПб, 1905. da Pitra-s dasaxelebuli gamocemis sqolioebSi. sainteresoa agreTve Бенешевич В. Н., Древнеславянская кормчая XIV титулов без толкований, т. I,

1 vrclad ix. Бенешевич В.Н., Канонический сборник XIVтитулов со второй четверти VIIв. до 883 г., СПБ, 1905. Нарбеков В., Номоканон нат. Фотия, Казань, 1899. Hergenröther I., Photius, I-II, 1867; III, 1869 da sxv.

63

вып. I, II, III, СПб, 1906-1907гг., romelSic warmodgenilia 14-titl. nomokanonis Zv. slavuri Targmani berZnuli dednis paraleluri teqstiT.

2. qarTuli kanonikuri mwerloba XIs. bolomde

14-titlovani nomokanonis XIs. miwurulis erTaderTi qartuli Targmani, romelic qarTul saeklesio mwerlobaSi `didi sjuliskanonis” saxeliT damkvidrda, berZnulidan sxva enebze naTargmn ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsebs oris erT-erT uZveles Targmanas unda CaiTvalos.

sainteresoa zogadad mainc gadavavloT Tvali Zvel qarTul saeklesio mwerlobas da vnaxoT, kanonikuri mwerlobis ra tradiciebi uZRvoda win am Zeglis Targmnas saqarTveloSi, ra rezonansi pova saeklesio krebaTa kanonebma da avtoritetul saeklesio pirTa kanonikuri xasiaTis epistolarulma memkvidreobam Cvens qveyanaSi dasaxelebuli kanonikuri kodeqsis qarTul enaze gadmoRebamde.

qarTuli kanonikuri mwerlobis CamoyalibebaSi TavianTi wvlili unda SeetanaT rogorc originalur kanonikur Zeglebs, aseve sxvadasxva enebidan, gansakuTrebiT berZnulidan naTargmn mniSvnelovan kanonikur Txzulebebs. magram, samwuxarod, IV-Xss. periodis qarTul kanonikur mwerlobas rogorc pirvelis, aseve meoris mxolod nakvaleviRa Semounaxavs.

qarTuli eklesiis istoria misi uZvelesi periodidanve Zneli warmosadgenia adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebis gareSe, xolo adgilobrivi krebebi, imisda mixedviT, Tu ra rangisa iqnebodnen isini – kanonmdelobis gareSe. marTalia, yvela adgilobrivi kreba saeklesio kanonmdeblobas ar iTvaliswinebda da mxolod eklesiis mimdinare wvrilmani sakiTxebis gadawyvetiT kmayofildeboda, magram ar SeiZleba, rom qarTul saistoria wyaroebSi moxseniebuli gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis adgilobriv krebebs e.w. Zeglisweris, anu kanonikuri dadgenilebebis saxiT kvali ar daetovebinaT. Zneli dasajerebelia, rom saqarTveloSi qristianuli eklesiis aRmocenebasa da ganmtkicebas romelime saeklesio krebaze miRebuli eklesiis struqturisa da marTvis programis Camoyalibeba ar mohyoloda, eklesiasa dam is wevrebs Soris urTierTdamokidebulebis normaTa formirebis saWiroeba ar moeTxova. SeuZlebelia, rogorc iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, rom `607 wels, rodesac qarTvelTa da somexTa eklesiebs Soris ganxeTqileba moxda da somexTa eklesiis mesveurebma qarTvelebi, viTarca mwvaleblebi, SeaCvenes kidec, rom qarTvelTa samRvdeloebas amis sapasuxod saeklesio krebaze Sesaferisi dadgenileba ar ganeCina da STamomavlobisaTvis es werilobiT ar Seenaxa”1

1 qarTuli samarTlis istoria III tf., 1928, gv. 38

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`grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi” dadasturebulia cnoba, rom IXs. Sua wlebSi javaxeTSi Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelmac kaTalikosis kandidaturis sakiTxi ganixila da am sakiTxSi saeklesio kanonebis darRvevis faqtebs Seexo.1 aseve bagrat IV-is mefobaSi gamarTuli Rrtilis krebis Sesaxeb mxolod zogadi cnobebiRa Semonaxula,2 xolo am krebaTa aqtebi anu `Zegliswera”, iseve rogorc sxva saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani, romleTa Sesaxeb ubralo cnobebic ki ar gvaqvs, dReisaTvis dakargulad unda miviCnioT.

erTi sityviT, originaluri kanonikuri mwerlobis arcerT Zegls XIIs. dasawyisamde Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. bednier gamonaklisad ruis-urbnisis 1105w. saeklesio krebis Zegliswera unda CaiTvalos, romelic ramdenime nusxiTaa Semonaxuli. am Zeglis Sesaxeb qvemoT gveqneba saubari.

rac Seexeba saeklesio kanonmdeblobis naTargmn Zeglebs, arc amiTaa mdidari Zveli qarTuli mwerloba.

meaTe saukunamde qarTul enaze ar SemogvrCenia aramcTu raime Targmnili kanonikuri krebuli, aramed kanonikuri xasiaTis statiac ki.

iv. javaxiSvilma ,,epistoleTa wignis” erTi adgilis Cvenebis safuZvelze gamoTqva rwmena, rom VII saukunis dasawyisSi, kirion qarTvelTa kaTalikosis abraam somexTa kaTalikosis mimarT gagzavnil mesame epistoleSi aSkaradaa laparaki imis Sesaxeb, rom kirions specialurad uTargmninebia da somex mRdelmTavrisaTvis gaugzavnia ,,oTxTa krebaTa wignebi” da ,,am sityvebTagan sruli ueWvelobiT Cans, rom VI-VIIss. saqarTvelos eklesias msoflio krebebis ZeglisweraTa wigni hqonia da amgvarad qarTuli kanonikuri mwerloba, am SemTxvevaSi msoflio eklesiis kanonebis saxiT mainc, ukve arsebobda. rasakvirvelia, adgilobiTi krebebis ZeglisweraTa wignebic iqneboda”3. amis Taobaze k. kekeliZem marTebulad SeniSna, rom aq igulisxmeba oTx msoflio krebaTa ,,sarwmunoebriv-aRsarebiTi formulrebi, an simbolo sarwmunoebisa... dogmaturi formulebi. aseTi formulebi ki, rasakvirvelia, imTaviTve iqneboda qarTulad naTargmni, magram es ufro dogmaturi mwerlobis Zeglia, vidre kanonikurisa”4.

iv. jvaxiSvili da k. kekeliZe dasaxelebuli epistolis mxolod naklul nusxas icnobdnen, xolo ,,epistoleTa wignis” axal gamocemaSi5. es epistole Sevsebuli saxiTaa warmodgenili da naTlad Cans, rom saubari pirveli oTxi msoflio krebis sarwmunoebis simbolos exeba, rogorc es k. kekeliZem ivarauda. rogorc Cans, kirions igi specialurad uTargmninebia dasaxelebuli krebaTa masalebidan da aqtebidan da misTvis krebaTa mokle istoriebic waumZRvarebia

1 Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, Tb., 1964, gv. 287-289.2 `saqarTvelos samoTxe~, m. sabininis gamocema, tfilisi, 1883, gv. 615-621.3 iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, I, tfilisi, 1928, gv. 26-28. 4 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoria, I, Tb., 1951, gv. 532-533.5 epistoleTa wigni, somxuri teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT,gamokvleviTa da komentarebiT gamosca zaza aleqsiZem, Tbilisi, 1968, gv. 100-111

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win. dasaxelebul krebaTa sruli aqtebis qarTul enaze am droisaTvis arseboba Zalze saeWvod migvaCnia, miT umetes, rom nikiis I da konstantinopolis II msoflio krebaTa aqtebi – krebis sxdomaTa zustad Cawerili oqmebi, rogorc III, IV, V, VI da VII msoflio krebebis Sesxeb gvaqvs, saerTod ar unda arsebuliyo.1

faqtiurad kanonikur mwerlobas saqarTveloSi safuZveli Caeyara efvTime mTawmidlis mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobiT. marTalia, efTvimemde grigol oSkels (Xs. dasawy.) uTargmnia somxuridan grigol nazianzelis erTi Txzuleba: ,,sakiTxavi samxilebeli arianosTa da evnomianosTa borotad uwesoebisaÁ...”2, romelsac, rogorc saTauridan Cans, garkveuli kavSiri aqvs I da II msoflio krebebze am sakiTxTa irgvliv gamarTul kamaTTan, magram Txzuleba mainc dogmatikur-polemikuri xasiaTisaa da kanonikuri literaturis Zeglad ver miiCneva.

pirveli kanonikuri krebuli qarTul enaze ,,mcire rCuliskanonis” saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. krebuli efTvime mTawmidels Seudgenia mis mier berZnulidan Targmnili sxvadasxva kanonikuri statiebis safuZvelze. statiebi, rogorc Cans, sxvadasxva periodisaa da sxvadasxva kanonikuri krebulebidan aris SerCeuli qarTuli eklesiis praqtikul saWiroebaTa Sesabamisad. krebulSi Sesulia: 1. ,,wesi da gangebaÁ da rCuliskanoni meequsisa krebisaÁ”, warmoadgens trulis 691w. krebis kanonebis saxecvlil krebuls. 2. ,,kanonni SecodebulTani”, romlis avtorad ioane mmarxveli (konstantinopolis Vs. mTavarepiskoposi) aris dasaxelebuli, rac simarTles ar Seefereba, vinaidna Zegli VIII-IX saukuneebSi Seqmnilad aris miCneuli. 3. ,,kanonni dRiTi-dReTa cTomaTani”, romlis avtorad basilica dasaxelebuli, kidev ufro gviandeli unda iyos. 4. ,,ZeglisweraÁ” sarwmunoebisaÁ, romeli aRweres wmidaTa mamaTa konstantinepoles SekrebulTa, wmidaTa xatTa dayuaniscemisaTÂs”3.

efTvimeseuli VI krebis kanonebis Sedareba did sjuliskanonSi Sesul analogiur kanonebTan TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs, rom efTvimes am krebis kanonebis axali redaqcia moucia. mas Taviseburad aqvs dalagebuli kanonebi, sakmao odenobiTaa Setanili iq qarTuli masala, Setanilia iseTi kanonebic, rac berZnul originalSi da misgan naTargmn ,,did sjuliskanonSi” ar gvxvdeba. efTvimes VI krebis kanonebSi basili didis kanonebis sakmao odenobac Seutania. erTi sityviT, ,,wesi da gangebaÁ da rCuliskanoni meequsisa krebisaÁ” warmoadgens Tavisebur kanonikur krebuls, Sedgenils trulis 691 wlis krebis kanonebisa da basili didis kanonebis safuZvelze, romelsac damatebuli aqvs TviT mTargmnelis mier sxvadasxva wyaroebis mixedviT Sedgenili kanonebic (maT Soris qarTuli da soxmuri eklesiebis Sesaxebac), amitom naTelia, rom efTvimes naSroms berZnul mwerlobaSi zusti dedani ar moepoveba. amasTanave aRsaniSnavia

1 Смирнов К., Обозрение источников истории первого вселенского Никейского собора, Ярославль, 1888, стр. 4, 28-29. Лебедев А.П., Опроисхождении актов вселенских соборов, Св.-Троицкая Сергиева Лавра, 1904, стр. 16,19-22.2 A:87, 771-784 gv. agr. k. kekeliZe, etiudebi Zv. qarT. literaturis istoriidan, V, Tb., 1957, gv. 29.3 am krebulis Sesaxeb ix. `mcire skuliskanoni~, gamosacemad moamzada elguja giunaSvilma, Tbilisi, 1973

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isic, rom saeklesio kanonebi am krebulSi Sevsebulia istoriuli cnobebiT, rac efTvimes, rogorc Cans, 681 wlis VI msoflio krebis aqtebidan auRia1.

efTvime mTawmidelis dasaxelebul naSroms SedarebiT vrclad imitom SevexeT, rom es erTaderTi Zeglia XI saukunis damlevamde naTargmn kanonikur TxzulebaTagan, romelic parallels poulobs ,,didi sjuliskanonis” statiebs Soris, e.i. ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Targmnamde masSi Sesuli arc erTi statia ar iyo qarTulad Targmnili, aRniSnulis garda.

efTvime mTawmidels uTargmnia agreTve ,,mcnebaÁ da gangebaÁ msoflioTa xucesTa berZnuli ,romeli gardamosca qarTulad didma efTÂmi”2 da dauweria originaluri kanonikur-liturgikuli Sroma, romelSic ganmartebulia disciplinaruli xasiaTis sxvadasxva sakiTxi. Txzuleba warmoadgens pasuxs giorgi beris SekiTxvebze, romelic mas Wyondididan efTvimesaTvis gaugzavnia3.

Zvel qarTul xelnawerebs Semounaxavs giorgi mTawmidelis ramdenime naTargmni statia kanonikuri xasiaTisa, saxeldobr, ,,mcnebaÁ mRdelTa mimarT”4, ,,mcnebaÁ wmidisa JamiswirvisaÁ mRdelTa mimarT, raÁTa ara wirviden dResa Sina orgzis, aramed erTgzis”5. giorgi mTawmidlis biografiaSi aRniSnulia, rom man Targmna ,,epistoleni wmidisa kÂrilesni da sxuaTa wmidaTa mamaTani gankueTisaTÂs nistor usjuloÁsa”6. rogorc Cans, aq igulisxmeba mesame msoflio krebis irgvliv Seqmnili epistolaruli memkvidreobis nawili, romlis giorgiseul Targmans Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.

giorgi mTawmidelis cxovrebaSi mis naTargmn SromaTa Soris dasaxelebulia agreTve ,,wigni meequsisa krebisa”7. SesaZlebelia, rogorc k.kekeliZe fiqrobs, ,,giorgis biografs Secdoma mouvida da efTvimes Sroma giorgis miawera, Tu ara da saqme ase und warmovadginoT: biografis sityviT, giorgim Targmna ,,wigni meequsisa krebisa, epistoleni wmidida kÂrilesni da sxuaTa wmidaTa mamaTa gankueTisTvis nistor usjuloÁsa”. SesaZlebelia, aq igulisxmebodes erTi Txzuleba, saxeldobr, im krebis wigni, romelSic aRniSnuli epistoleni iyo moTavsebuli, e.i. mesamisa. iqneb xelnawerSi mesamis aRsaniSnavad iyo asomTavruli g, romelic gadamwers asomTavrulsave v-sTan aeria da aqedan warmodga mesamis magier meeqvse”8. Tu k. kekeliZis varaudi axlosaa simarTlesTan, maSin giorgis uTargmnia mesame msoflio krebis aqtebi, mTlianad Tu ara, nawili

1 Э.С. Гиунашвили, Номоканон Евфимия Афонского и его источники, автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кан. фил. наук. Тб., 1974.2 qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa, Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili, axsnili da gamocemuli T. Jordanias mier, wigni meore, tf., 1897, gv. 82-83.3 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi daurTo prof. i. doliZem, Tb., 1970, gv. 5-18.4 A 584, f. 247-248.5 iqve, f. 248.6 Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II, Tb., 1967, gv. 147, 21.7 iqve.8 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarT. lit-is istoria, I, Tbilisi, 1980, gv 239

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mainc im masalisa, romelic Sesulia ,,msoflio krebaTa aqtebis” pirvelsa da meore tomebSi, rac efesos samzadissa da mimdinareobas exeba1.

qarTul naTargmn literaturaSi arcTu mcirea iseTi Txzulebani, romlebic zogierTi msoflio saeklesio krebis istoriasa da dogmatikur sakiTxebs exeba, magram maTze ar SevCerdebiT, ramdenadac kanonikur mwerlobasTan maT mxolod zogi Sexebis wertili aqvT (nawili aseTi literaturisa Tavmoyrilia arsen iyalToelis ,,dogmatikonSi” – S: 1463 – da agreTve XVIIIs. somxuridan naTargmn dogmatikur krebulebSi – A-266 da A-618, xolo calkeuli Txzulebani gabneuli sxvadasxva qarTul xelnawerebSi).

3. ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Targmnis dro da mTargmnelis vinaoba

qristianuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis qarTul enaze gadmoTargmniT Seivso is didi xarvezi, romelic qarTul originalur da Targmnil kanonikur mwerlobas hqonda. am Zeglis TargmniT kanonikuri mwerloba, romelsac meaTe saukunis gasuls efTvime mTawmidelis mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobiT Caeyara safuZveli, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis srulfasovani dargi gaxda.

saeklesio samarTlis gamoCenilma mkvlevarma v. beneSeviCma, romelmac ,,didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTadi qarTuli xelnwerebi Seiswavla da aRwera2, pirvelma gamoTqva varaudi, rom es Zegli berZnulidan qarTulad ukve Xs. unda yofiliyo gadmoTargmnili. misi ZiriTadi argumentebi Semdegia: 1) sinas mTis qarTul xelnawerTa Xs. katalogSi dasaxelebulia ,,erTi didi kanoni”3. 2) XIs. dasawyisSi efTvime mTawmidelma Targmna meeqvse msoflio krebis kanonebi, romelsac uwoda ,,mcire sjuliskanoni”, riTac albaT, xazi gausva, rom ukve arsebobda ,,didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli Targmani. 3) melqisedek qarTlis kaTalikosis mier mcxeTis taZrisaTvis Sewirul wignTa XIs. I naxevris katalogSi dasaxelebulia ,,sjuliskanoni axali erTi”4.

iv. javaxiSvili aviTarebs v.n. beneSeviCis varauds da SesaZleblad Tvlis ,,didi sjuliskanonis” qarTul enaze ukve IXs. arsebobas5. es varaudi

1 ix. am aqtebis laTinuridan rusuli Targmani: Деяния вселенских соборов, т. I, Собор Ефесский третий, стр. 323-912; т. II, стр. 5-495.2 Грузинский великий номоканон по спискам Тифлисского Церковного Музея, Христианский Восток, т.II, вып. III, СПБ, 1914, стр. 349-377; т. , вып. II, 1917, стр. 112-127. 3 Марр Н., Описание груз. рукописей Синайского монастыря, рукоп. 92, стр. 267-268.4 dokumentis sxvadasxvagvarad aTariReben. dawvr. ix. k. kekeliZe, etiudebi Zv. qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, I, Tb., 1956, gv. 238-249. teqstis gamocema ekuTvnis n. berZeniSvils: mcxeTis sabuTi XI saukunis, saq. muzeumis moambe, VI.5 iv. javaxiSvils mxedvelobaSi qvs ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Cvenamde moRweulisagan gansxvavebuli redaqcia, Torem msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebis Semcveli kanonikuri krebulis arsebobas qarTulad iv. javaxiSvili SesaZleblad Tvlis jer kidev VII saukuneSi, rogorc es zemoT aRvniSneT. dawvrilebiT: qarT. samarTlis istoria, I, gv. 24.

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emyareba grigol xancTelis cxovrebis im epizods, sadac sagangebod mowveul krebaze gvaram mamfals sityva wrmouTqvams: ,,wmidano mamano, episkoposno da meudabnoeno, iciT yovelTa kanoni SjulisaÁ, rameTu ara brZanebs episkoposisa da kaTalikozisa mZlavrebiT dajdomasa”, da grigol xancTelis pasuxs: ,,Ä Ãelmwifeo... ese uwyodi, rameTu... wmidaTa mociqulTa da RirsTa maT mRdelT-moZRuarTagan gansazRvrebulsa kanonsa Sina arave brZanebul ars eriskacisaÁ, viTarca episkoposTa da wesisa winamZRuarTa mamaTa gansagebelisa moZRurebisa ikadrebda”1. am sityvebSi iv. javaxiSvili mokamaTe mxareTa mier saeklesio kanonebis ara marto saerTo codnas xedavs, aramed sando sabuTad miaCnia, rom am dros mociqulTa, msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa saeklesio kanonebi qarTulad Targmnili iyo.

v.n. beneSeviCisaTvis cnobili ar iyo ,,didi sjuliskanonis” erT-erTi uZvelesi gelaTuri nusxis (quT. 25, XIIs.) gadamweris anderZis arseboba, sadac Zeglis mTargmnelad arsen iyalToeli aris dasaxelebuli da amdenad misi varaudi, rom CvenTvis cnobili ,,didi sjuliskanoni” X saukuneSia Targmnili, ar marTldeba. iv. javaxiSvili kargad icnobs am anderZs da amitom ar uaryofs ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Cvenamde moRweul redaqciis arsen iyalToelis mier Targmnis faqts, magram miaCnia, rom dasaxelebuli Zegli berZnuli nomokanonis araTu pirveli Targmania, aramed meramdeneme Tu ara, meore mainc2. qarTuli sjuliskanonis ramdenime redaqciiT arsebobis SesZleblobas iv. javaxiSvili zemoT aRniSnul ,,epistoleTa wignisa” da grigol xancTelis cxovrebis miTiTebul adgilebze dayrdnobiT uSvebs. agreTve melqisedek kaTalikosis katalogSi dasaxelebuli ,,axali sjliskanoni erTi” mas gagebuli aqvs rogorc sjuliskanonis axali redaqcia, arsebuli Zveli redaqciis sapirispirod3. iv. javaxiSvili, eyrdnoba ra k. kekeliZis dakvirvebas ruis-urbnisis ,,ZeglisweraSi” CamoTvlil saeklesio krebaTa da mmaTa kanonebsa da ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sedgenilobas Soris gansxvavebaTa Sesaxeb, varaudobs qarTul enaze ,,didi sjuliskanonis” arseniseuli Targmanisagan gansxvavebuli redaqciis arsebobas4.

k. kekeliZem safuZvlianad uaryo v.n. beneSeviCisa da iv. javaxiSvilis argumentebi da TvalsaCinod daamtkica, rom dRes Cvens xelT arsebuli ,,didi sjuliskanoni” berZnuli 14-titlovani nomokanonis erTaderTi qarTuli Targmania – adre es Zegli qarTulad naTargmni ar yofila.

v.n. beneSeviCis mier sinas mTis xelnawerTa katalogSi dasaxelebuli ,,didi kanoni”, k. kekeliZis samarTliani SeniSvniT, liturgikul kanons gulisxmobs

1 Zveli qarT. agiogr. literaturis Zeglebi, I, Tb., 1964, gv. 288-289.2 iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 24.3 iqve, gv. 25.4 iqve, gv. 29-30

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da ,,ierusalimis ganCinebis da ganwesebis” saxeliT aris moRweuli, romelic, ,,marTalac, ori redaqciiT aris cnobili: didiT, mTlianiT an sruliT, da SemoklebuliT, SerCeuliT an mciriT”1.

meore argumentis sawinaaRmdegod k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, rom ,,meeqvse msoflio krebis sjuliskanoni” nawilia didi sjuliskanonisa, maSasadame, sruliad bunebrivia, rom wigns, romelic Seicavs mxolod nawils mTelisas, man (efTvimem – e.g.) mcire uwoda. efTvime am SemTxvevaSi iseve moiqca, rogorc svinaqsaris gadmoTargmnisas: man gadmoiRo Semoklebuli, gamokrebili svinaqsari, romelsac man uwoda ,,mcire” svinaqsari gansxvavebulad sruli svinaqsarisagan, romelic iTargmna Semdeg giorgi mTawmidelis mier”2.

aseve, melqisedekis sigelSi dasaxelebuli ,,sjuliskanoni axali” k. kekeliZes efTvimes mier naTargmn ,,mcire sjuliskanonad” miaCnia, romelic am dros, marTlac, axali Targmnili iyo3.

Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rom k. kekeliZem ,,epistoleTa wignSi” dasaxelebul ,,oTxTa krebaTa wignSi”, iv. javaxiSvilis varaudis sawinaaRmdegod, samarTlianad igulisxma ,,oTxi msoflio krebis dogmaturi mrwamsi” da ara saeklesio kanonebi. ,,sjuliskanonis” qarTulad IX sauk. arsebobis Sesaxeb iv. javaxiSvilis varaudi grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis erT-erTi epizodis mixedviT k. kekeliZisaTvis damajerebeli ar aris, radgan ,,aseTi miTiTeba kidev ar niSnavs, rom es ,,kanoni” maT dros qarTulad arsebobda. maSindel qarTlSi, rasakvirvelia, saeklesio kanonebs icnobdnen da iyenebdnen kidec maT, Tumca isini jer kidev Targmnili ar iyo, ise rogorc, magaliTisaTvis, saxarebas icnobdnen da misi moZRvrebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen jer kidev maSin, rodesac is gadmoTargmnili ar iyo”4.

rac Seexeba ruis-urbnisis ,,ZeglisweraSi” CamoTvlili saeklesio kanonebis sxvaobas ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sedgenilobisagan (rac iv.javaxiSvilisaTvis safuZveli gaxda qarTulad sjuliskanonis ufro adrindeli redaqciis arsebobis aRiarebisaTvis, xolo k. kekeliZisaTvis, albaT, Zeglisweris Semdgenelis mier ,,didi sjuliskanonis” berZnuli dednisagan gansxvavebuli nomokanoniT sargeblobis daSvebisaTvis), amas sruliad sxva safuZveli aqvs da arc berZnulad da arc qarTulad gansxvavebuli redaqciis arsebobaze ar miuTiTebs. am sakiTxs qvemoT ufro dawvrilebiT SevexebiT.

amrigad, unda virwmunoT, rom arsen iyalToelis mier Targmnili ,,didi sjuliskanoni” berZnuli 14-titlovani nomokanonis – ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis erTaderTi Targmania qarTulad da es Zegli arc manmade da arc Semdeg ar yofila gadmoRebuli.

1 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoria, I, 1951, Tb., gv. 533-534.2 iqve.3 iqve.4 iqve.

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ramdenad sarwmunoa cnoba, rom ,,didi sjuliskanoni” arsen iyalToelma Targmna? sxvaTa Soris, unda SevniSnoT, rom qarTul wyaroebSi mxolod erTaderTi pirdapiri miTiTebaa mTargmnelis vinaobis Sesaxeb. es dokumenti rom ara, dRes ,,didi sjuliskanonis” mTargmnelis vinaobis sakiTxi, SeiZleba, gaurkvevelic yofiliyo. quTaisis #25 xelnawerSi, romelic ,,didi sjuliskanonis” erT-erTi uZvelesi nusxaa Cvenamde moRweul nusxaTa Soris (XIIs.), ZiriTadi kanonebis Semcveli teqstis bolos moTavsebulia xelnaweris gadamweris anderZi, romelsac pirvelad k. kekeliZem miakvlia. ,,...glaxaki friad codvili grigoli CaxrexaÁsZe momiÃseneT wmidaTa Sina locvaTa TquenT, romelman didiTa gulismodginebiTa gardavwere TÂsiTa ÃeliTa qristianeTa winamZRuari didi ese da samoqalaqoÁ sjuliskanoni saukunos moÃsenebulisa da Cuen qarTvelTaTÂs friad WirTa Tavsmdeblisa arsenic iyalToelisa Targmnili. saukuno yos RmerTman ÃsenebaÁ misi”1.

marTalia, CaxrexaÁsZis cnoba mTargmneliseuli anderZi ar aris, romelic sruli ueWvelobiT daadasturebda am faqts, magram anderZis erTi adgili gvarwmunebs, rom grigolma ,,didi sjuliskanonis” dasaxelebuli usxa am Zeglis qarTulad Targmanis drosTan axlos mdgomi dednidan gadmoiwera: ,,wignisa simarTlisaTÂs iWvi nu vis gaqus. pirvel dedaÁ marTali da kargisa mwerlisa dawerili mqonda da TÂT rad ara warmogidgineb kacsa mas moÃsenebiTa saxelisaÁTa: ioane diakonisa, Rirsisa dedoflisa borenaÁs gazrdilisaÁTa, romel me esre masmia, romel giorgi brolasa kaTalikosyofilsa aqaÁT misebri dam is umarTlesi mwerali ar gamosrula Cuen qarTvelTa naTesavsa Sina, da merme didad moWirvebiTa Semimowmebia. RmerTman garwmunos, vinca ikiTxvideT da vinca swerdeT amisgan, viTa hpooT. egreT dawereT”.

Tu gavixsenebT, rom anderZSi dasaxelebuli dedofali borena bagrat IV-is meore meuRlea, marTlac, naTeli gaxdeba, rom CaxrexaÁsZes Tavisi Sroma ,,didi sjuliskanonis” uZvelesi nusxidan gadmouweria. ioane diakonis mier gadmowerili ,,didi sjuliskanonis” teqsti mTargmneliseuli dednidan Tu ara, misgan gadmoRebuli pirisagan mainc unda momdinareobdes. swored aseT xelnawerSi dacul cnobas unda emyarebodes grigol CaxrexaÁsZis anderZis mowmoba arsen iyalToelis mier dasaxelebuli Zeglis Targmnis Sesaxeb. anderZis motanili nawyvetidan Cans, Tu rogor uzrunavs grigols Tavisi

1 quT. 25, 296 r. ix. agreT. gamocemuli anderZis teqsti Христ. Восток, V, стр. 120-122; iv. lolaSvili, grigol CaxrexaÁsZis vinaobisaTvis, literaturuli gazeTi, 1964, 30/X.marTalia, v.n. beneSeviCi grigol CaxrexaÁsZis cnobas srul ndobas ar ucxadebs da eWvs gamoTqvams, rom es cnoba SeiZleba ufro yurmokrul ambavze iyos aSenebuli, vidre Zeglis mTargmneliseul anderZze damyarebuli (Христ. Восток, V, стр. 126), magram es ufro ,,SurisZiebas” hgavs, radgan am anderZis aRmoCenamde v. beneSeviCma ,,didi sjuliskanoni” X saukuneSi Targmnilad miiCnia, xolo CaxrexaÁsZis cnobam xazi gadausva mis varauds.

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nusxis srulyofisaTvis da rogor afrTxilebs am nusxis momaval gadamwerebs, Zegli ar daamaxinjon. Zneli dasajerebelia, rom aseT adamians Tavis anderZSi yurmokruli ambavi Seetana. vimeorebT, grigol CaxrexaÁsZis anderZis Cveneba arsen iyalToelis Sesaxeb ,,didi sjuliskanonis” ioane diakonis nusxis analogiur cnobas unda emyarebodes.

dRes samecniero literaturaSi ukve sakamaTo aRar aris, rom ,,didi sjuliskanoni” arsen iyalToelma Targmna.

SesaZlebelia, daaxloebiT mainc dadgindes ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Targmnis qronologiuri sazRvrebi.

k. kekeliZe fiqrobs, rom arsen iyalToels ,,didi sjuliskanoni” saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg unda eTargmna, xolo ,,qarTlis cxovrebaSi” erT gviandel Camatebul cnobaze dayrdnobiT arsen iyalToelis saqarTveloSi dabrunebis TariRad miaCnia 1114 weli. amrigad, k. kekeliZem ,,didi sjuliskanoni” XIIs. I meoTxedSi naTargmn Zeglad miiCnia”1.

ruis-urbnisis krebis ,,Zegliswerisa” da didi sjuliskanonis teqstTa CvenebaTa safuZvelze sarwmunod gveCveneba, rom ,,didi sjuliskanoni” dasaxelebuli krebis mowvevamde, e.i. 1105 wlamde aris Targmnili, radgan ,,Zeglisweras” ,,didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli TargmniT sargeblobis kvali atyvia. am sakiTxs qvemoT, ruis-urbnisis krebis Zeglisweris ganxilvis dros, sagangebod SevexebiT da SevecdebiT es debuleba davasabuToT. aq mxolod zogadad aRvniSnavT, rom ,,didi sjuliskanonis” qarTulad Targmna dasaxelebuli krebis mowvevis TadarigTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli da arsen iyalToels igi daviT aRmaSeneblis SekveTiT unda eTargmna. amitom, Cveni azriT, ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Targmna XIs. miwurulSi, an XIIs. pirvel wlebSi aris savaraudebeli.

cnobilia, rom VIIs. Camoyalibebulma 14-titlovanma sintagmam Tu nomokanonma ganviTarebis garkveuli safexurebi gaiara axali wyaroebiT Sevsebisa da krebulSi Sesuli masalis meTodologiuri sistematizaciis safuZvelze, sanam sabolood ar miiRo Camoyalibebuli saxe 14-titlovani nomokanonis 883 wlis redaqciis saxiT.

Cven saSualeba ar gvqonda safuZvlianad gavcnobodiT 14-titlovani nomokanonis sxvadasxva redaqciis Semcvel berZnul xelnawerebs da maT Sesaxeb ZiriTadad 14-titlovani nomokanonis gamomcemelTa mier gamoyenebuli nusxebis

1 k. kekeliZe, qarT. lit-is istoria, I, Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 284. Tumca araoficialur gancxadebaSi, v. buneSeviCisadmi gagzavnil pirad werilSi, romlis nawyvetic gamoqveynebuli Христ. Восток, V, gv. 125, aRiarebs, rom `ruis-urbnisis `Zegliswera~ gulisxmobs `didi sjuliskanonis~ qarTulad arsebobas, e.i. Zegli Targmnilia 1105 wlamde. CvenTvis ucnobia, ratom uaryo k. kekeliZes azri.

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CvenebebiT da berZnul xelnawerTa aRwerilobiT1 visargebleT. magram berZnuli teqstis publikaciebic sakmarisia imis dasadgenad, rom ,,didi sjuliskanoni” warmoadgens 14-titlovani nomokanonis 883 wlis redaqciis Targmans. arsen iyalToels SeurCevia nomokanonis is redaqcia, romelic qristianulma eklesiam 920 wlis konstantinopolis erT-erT udides krebaze oficialur kanonikur kodeqsad aRiara. ,,didi sjuliskanonis” SesavalSi, romelic dasaxelebuli nomokanonia aseTive Sesavlis zedmiwevniT zust Targmans warmoadgens, aRniSnulia ,,didi sjuliskanonis” berZnuli dednis Camoyalibebis zusti TariRi: ,,xolo raÁTa Jamica vinme uwyodis, romelsa Sina gankargvaÁ da urTierTas Tana-SetyuebaÁ ese kanonTaÁ iqmna, ars ukue aTaseulad aRracxulTa weliwadTa equs wilad gansrulebasa Tana samas oTxmeocdameaTerTmete (6391-5508=883) weliwadi mzisa srbisa da moqcevisa”2. ara marto motanili qronologiuri cnoba, aramed ,,didi sjuliskanonisa” da 14-titlovani nomokanonis 883 wlis redaqciis erTidaigive Sedgeniloba, rasac ZiriTadad qvemoT SevexebiT, TvalnaTliv miuTiTebs qarTuli Targmanis dedanze.

,,didi sjuliskanonis” saxelwodebisaTvis. kanonikuri krebulis qarTuli Targmanis saxelwodeba ,,didi sjuliskanoni” pirvelad gelaTis (quTaisis) #25 xelnaweris gadamweris anderZSi gvxvdeba. dasaxelebuli Zeglis xelnawerebis arc saTaurSi da arc teqstSi es saxelwodeba motanili ar aris. sainteresoa, aqvs Tu ara am saxelwodebas pirdapiri kavSiri berZnul ,,nomokanonTan”, an ,,did nomokanonTan”3.

Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi efTvime mTawmidelis mier ,,mcire sjuliskanonis” Targmnis Semdeg saxelwodeba ,,rCuliskanoni” anu ,,sjuliskanoni” saeklesio kanonTa krebulis aRsaniSnavad xSirad gvxvdeba. termini qarTul mwerlobaSi efTvime mTawmidelis Semotanili unda iyos. ,,sjuliskanonis” saxeliT gviandel qarTul wyaroebSi xSirad ,,didi sjuliskanoni” igulisxmeba. amrigad, Tu bizantiuri xanis mwerlobaSi ramdenime redaqciis saeklesio kanonebis krebulTa aRsaniSnavad ,,nomokanoni” ixmareba, rac TviT krebulebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT gvian iqna SemoRebuli4, qarTul mwerlobaSi mis Sesatyvisad yovelTvis ,,sjuliskanoni” gvxvdeba. warmoadgens Tu ara qarTuli termini berZnulis zust Targmans? saxelwodeba ,,nomokanoni” (νομοκάνωνον) Tavdapirvelad mxolod iseT kanonikur krebuls gulisxmobda, romelSic saeklesio kanonebTan (κανών) erTad

1 Pitra J.B., Juris ecclesiastici graecorum historia et monumenta…, Romae, т. I, 1868, Бенешевич В.Н., Канонический сборник XIV титулов, СПБ, 1905.2 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 107, 16.3 XI saukunis Sua wlebSi gamoTqma τό μέγα νομοκανωνον ixmareba 14-titl. krebulis aRsaniSnavad. nikon SavmTeli (taqtikoni, sityva X, f. 54) laparakobs ,,nomokanonis” Sesaxeb, romelic Seicavs saeklesio krebaTa da saRmrTo kanonebs samoqalaqo kanonebTan erTad. XXIX sityvaSi ki xmarobs gamoTqmas ,,Великий номоканон” (taqtikonis moskovuri gamocema, 1889. cnoba motanilia v.n. beneSeviCis wignidan Канонический сборник XIV титулов, стр. 110, sqolio).4 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSr., gv. 105-108.

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samoqalaqo kanonebic (νόμοι) iyo Setanili. amitom saxelwodebac krebulSi Sesuli orive rigis kanonTa berZnuli terminebis SeerTebiT aris miRebuli ,,nomo”+,,kanoni” (νόμος + κανών). igi Semdeg miakuTvnes iseT kanonikur krebulebsac, romlebSic samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobidan araferi ar aris Setanili da wminda saeklesio kanonebis krebulebs warmoadgenen1. qarTuli saxelwodebis - ,,didi sjuliskanonis” an ,,sjuliskanonis” – axsna ufro Znelia. Tu vigulisxmebT, rom ,,sjuliskanoni” ,,nomokanonis” kalkia, radgan ,,didi sjuliskanonis” zogierT nusxaSi, romelSic Setanilia XIIIs. berZnulidan damatebiT naTargmni masala (quT. 17 da H-1670), νόμος marTlac, Targmnilia rogorc ,,sjuli”2, maSin unda gvqonoda ,,sjuli da kanoni”, anda zustad kalkirebuli forma ,,sjuliskanoni” da ara ,,sjuliskanoni”. ,,sjul”-Si veraviTar SemTxvevaSi ver CavdebT berZnuli ,,nomos”-is mniSvnelobas3, radgan maSin krebuli, romelsac ,,sjuliskanoni” ewodeba, aucileblad unda Seicavdes samoqalaqo samarTlis kanonebsac. amas ewinaaRmdegeba krebulis Sedgeniloba da Sinaarsi. aqve davsZenT, rom qarTveli mTargmnelis mier samoqalaqo kanonebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba ise, rom es krebulis saxelwodebaSi aRniSnuli yofiliyo, sruliad moulodnelia, radgan ,,didi sjuliskanonis” mTargmnels, rogorc amas qvemoT davinaxavT, TiTqmis ugulvebelyofili aqvs dednis samoqalaqo kanonebi da maTi ricxvi TargmanSi minimumamde aqvs Sekvecili.

qarTuli Targmanis saxelwodebis pirvel nawilSi dadasturebul ,,sjuls” aq iseTi mniSvneloba rom hqondes, romelic aqvs gamoTqmaSi ,,sjuli qristesi”, e.i. sarwmunoebis sinonimi iyos, maSin ,,sjuliskanons” qristianuli sarwmunoebis kanonebis mniSvneloba eqneba. ,,sjuliskanoni” aseTi gagebiT Zalze zogadi termini gamodis da ara marto saeklesio kanonmdeblobas moicavs, aramed zogadqristianuli cxovrebis universaluri kanonmdeblobis mniSvnelobas iZens. amitom ,,sjuli” aq sarwmunoebrivi samarTlis mniSvnelobas unda gulisxmobdes. iv. javaxiSvilis mowmobiT: ,,imave mniSvnelobiT, rac ,,samarTalsa” hqonda, Zveli qarTul mwerlobaSi sityva ,,sjuli”, anu ,,Sjuli”-c ixmareboda... es sityva zmna ,,sja”-sgan aris nawarmoebi da Tavdapirvelad nabWobis, gadawyvetilebis mniSvneloba unda hqonoda. Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi ,,sjuls”, an ,,Sjuls” mainc ufro sarwmunoebrivi, saeklesio samarTlis mniSvnelobis elferi edva da amiT igi terminisagan ,,samarTali” gansxvavdeboda”4. rac Seexeba ,,sjuliskanonis” meore nawils - ,,kanoni”, es igivea, rac berZnuli κανών - ,,nomokanoni” aseve meore Semadgeneli nawili. ,,kanons” Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi ramdenime mniSvneloba aqvs, magram erT-erTi ZiriTadi misi mniSvneloba mainc kanonebis Semcvel krebuls, kanonebis kodeqss udris.

1 Никодим, dasax. naSr., gv. 195, sq. I, , В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSr., gv. 108-109.2 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 163,23.3 p. ingoroyva, giorgi merCule, Tb., 1954, gv. 18.4 qarTuli samarTlis istoria, I, Tb., 1928, gv. 8-9.

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amrigad, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT ,,sjuliskanonis” orive Semadgeneli komponentis dasaxelebul mniSvnelobebs, maSin es saxelwodeba Tanamedrove gagebiT saeklesio samarTlis kanonTa krebuls an saeklesio samarTlis kanonebis kodeqss niSnavs.

4. ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sedgeniloba

qarTul xelnawerTa koleqciaSi ,,didi sjuliskanonis” nusxebi sakmao raodenobiT aris warmodgenili. Svidi maTgani (A-124, A-76, quT. 25, A-171, A-1102, quT. 17 da H-1670) gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobebisaa da amitom safuZvlad daedo winamdebare gamocemas. danarCeni nusxebi an defeqturia (A-1116) an fragmentuli (A-1546, H-691), an kidev Zalze gviandeli (A-9, A-741, H-1373, Q-53, A-1402 da quT. 26) da Zveli nusxebis aslebs warmoadgenen. amitom amJamad Cveni Seswavlis sagani mxolod Zveli xelnawerebi iqneba da gviandeli nusxebi Sesabamis dedanze msjelobisas dausaxeleblad igulisxmeba. ,,didi sjuliskanonis” uZvelesi xelnawerebi, romlebic XII-XIVss. qronologiuri CarCoebiT Semoifargleba, Tavisi SedgenilobiT or ZiriTad jgufad SeiZleba gavyoT. pirveli jgufis xelnawerebs ,,didi sjuliskanonis” mTargmneliseuli teqsti daucavs, xolo meores – Tavdapirveli Targmani mogvianebiT Seuvsia axlad Targmnili masaliT.

pirveli jgufis xelnawerebia: A-76 (XIIs.), A-124 (XIIs.), QquT. 25 (XII s.), A-171 (XIIIs.), A-1102 (XIIIs.). meore jgufSi ori xelnaweria: quT. 17 (XIII s.), H-1670 (XIII-XIVss.). am ori jgufis xelnawerebs Soris ZiriTad gansxvavebas qmnis mxolod sistematuri nawili, kerZod ki sistematur nawilSi samoqalaqo kanonebis xvedriTi wona. meore jgufis xelnawerebi pirvelTan SedarebiT gacilebiT vrcel amonawerebs Seicaven bizantiuri samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobidan.

ZiriTad xelnawerebs davaxasiaTebT im TanamimdevrobiT, rogorc isini teqstis dadgenisas arian warmodgenilni.

TiToeul xelnawers aRvniSnavT misTvis micemuli literiT: A=A-76; B=quT. 25; C=A-124; D=A-171; E=quT. 17;. F=A-1102; G=H: 1670; H=A-1116.

xelnawerTa mokle aRwerilobaSi, romelic Sesaval werils boloSi erTvis, Segnebulad ar viZleviT Zeglis ZiriTadi nawilis Sedgenilobas, radgan mizanSewonilad migvaCnia misi calke gamoyofa da SedgenilobasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi niuansebis erTmaneTis paralelurad Cveneba yvela xelnaweris mixedviT. xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi ar SevitaneT agreTve aSiebze miwerili mravalricxovani ,,Seiswave” da ,,sqolioni”, romlebic gamocemaSi sqolioebSia Catanili. aRwerilobaSi ZiriTadad motanilia xelnaweris istoriasTan dakavSirebuli minawerebis teqstebi, romlebic teqstis dadgenisas sqolioSi ar

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vaCveneT sqolioebis gantvirTvis mizniT. aqve viZleviT ,,didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTad teqstze darTuli damatebiTi statiebis saxelwodebebsa da raodenobas TiToeuli xelnaweris mixedviT.

didi sjuliskanonis qarTuli xelnawerebi ZiriTadad erTnairi Sedgenilobisa arian. ra Tqma unda, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Zeglis Targmanis Tavdapirveli teqsti. xelnawerTa Soris SemCneuli zogierTi sxvaoba gviandeli warmomavlobisaa, rasac qveviT ufro dawvrilebiT SevexebiT, xolo Tavdapirveli Sedgenilobis gansazRvra sruli sizustiT SeiZleba xelnawerTa Cvenebebis safuZvelze.

,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sedgeniloba warmovadgineT gamocemisaTvis ZiriTad xelnawerad SerCeuli A (A-76) nusxis mixedviT, xolo sxvaobebs, romlebsac sxva xelnawerebi iZlevian, TiToeul punqtTan dakavSirebiT aRvniSnavT Sesabamisi xelnaweris literis CvenebiT. qvemoT ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sedgenilobas cal-calke nawilebad ganvixilavT.

Sesavali nawili

1. ..ganwesebani yovlad wmidisa mociqulisa pavlesni saeklesioTa kanonTaTÂs” A (1r-2r); gverdebi naCvenebia gviandeli paginaciis mixedviT, G (1r-2r). Pitra, I, 64-67.

2. ,,ganwesebani wmidaTa mociqulTa petre da pavlesni” A (2r-3v), G (2r-3v). Pitra, I, 67-72.

dasaxelebuli statiebi A xelnaweris ZiriTadi teqstis kuTvnilebas ar warmoadgens. am statiebis Semcveli 3 furceli gvian aris wamZRvarebuli (dawerilia daax XVIs. xeliT). Tavdapirveli teqsti A xelnawerisa iwyeba me-4 furcliT, vinaidan es furceli xelnaweris Tavdapirveli paginaciiT warmoadgens pirveli rveulis pirvel furcels.

kanonebi danomrili ar aris, magram abzacebisa da singuriT dawerili sazedao asoebis mixedviT advilia maTi raodenobis dadgena (I statiaSi gamoiyofa 16 kanoni, II - 14).

aRniSnuli statiebi ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT aris warmodgenili G xelnawerSi. dayofa iseTivea, rogorc A xelnawerSi.

danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am statiebs ar Seicaven da arc gadaweris dros Seicavdnen B da C nusxebi, radganac am xelnawerTa dasawyisi Tavdapirveli saxiT aris Semonaxuli da paginacia rveulebis saTvalaviT 1 furclidan iwyeba.

Znelia mtkiceba, gvqonda Tu ara es statiebi D E F nusxebSi, radganac E nusxis dasawyisi furclebi dakargulia, xolo D da F xelnawerebis Tavnakluli nawili XVIII s. aris Sevsebuli, magram dasaxelebuli statiebi am or ukanasknel nusxaSi mainc ar aris.

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3. ,,SekrebaÁ kanonTa saeklesioTaÁ ganyofili aToTxmet nawilad”. A (4r-5r), B(1r-2r), C (1-5gv.) D (4r-5r), F (1r-r), G (3v-5r). Pitra, II, 374-378.

am statiiT iwyeba ZiriTadi teqstis xeli da rveulebrivi saTvalavi A nusxaSi, xolo BC xelnawerebi saerTod am statiiT ixsneba. E nusxa xelnaweris defeqtis gamo am statias ar Seicavs. am statiiT iwyeba D da F nusxebic, oRond orive xelnaweris defeqti Sevsebulia XVIIIs. xeliT dawerili furclebiT (F nusxa – besarion orbeliSvilis xeliT). G nusxa Tavidan bolomde erTi xeliTaa Sesrulebuli.

4. ,,Sesavali zandukisa TavTaÁsaÁ”. A (5v-8v), B (2v-5v), C (6-13gv.). D (5r-6v), E (…-6v), (2v-5v), G (5-7). Sesabamisi berZnuli teqsti Pitra, II, 450.

A E G nusxebSi es statia gabmuli teqstis saxiT aris warmodgenili, xolo C da F xelnawerebSi teqsti ori nawilisgan Sedgeba. nawilebi erTmaneTisagan striqonis mTel sigrZeze ornamentirebuli singuriT aris gamoyofili (C-gv. 11, F-4r). B da D nusxebSi es adgili naklulia.

am detals xazi imitom gavusviT, rom mas statiis analizis dros gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba.

rogorc aRvniSneT, dasaxelebuli statia yvela xelnawerSia warmodgenili, magram D da F nusxebSi am xelnawerTa ZiriTadi teqstis defeqtis gamo es nawili, wina statiis msgavsad, XVIIIs. xeliT aris warmodgenili, E nusxaSi ki dasawyisi da Sua nawilis furclebis dakargvis gamo es statia naklulia.

5. ,,Tu romelTa krebaTagan da pirTa anu raodenni kanonni Sekrebul arian awindelsa amas Sina wignsa”. gansakuTrebuli interesis gamo teqsti mogvaqvs mTlianad. A (8v-9v), B (5r-6v), C (14-16 gv.), D (12v-13v), E (6v-7v), F (5v-6v), G (7v-8v). Pitra, II, 450-451.

a) wmidaTa mociqulTa[d] saxeldebulni klimintoÁs mier kanonni peb) nikiisa krebisa samas aTrvametTa wmidaTa mamaTa CuenTa kanonni kg) ankÂriisa kanonni ked) neokesariisa krebisa kanonni ide) Rangrisa krebisa kanonni kv) antioqiisa asureTisasa qmnilisa krebisa kanonni kez) laodikiisa frigÂsasa qmnilisa krebisa kanonni nTÀ) konstantinepolis as ormeocdaaTTa wmidaTa mamaTa krebisa kanonni zT) efesoÁsa wmidaTa mamaTa krebisa kanonni Àmisive epistole pamfilielTa episkoposTa mimarT.i) xalkidonisa equsas ocdaaTTa wmidaTa mamaTa krebisa kanonni kÀia) sardikiisa krebisa kanonni kaib) karTagenisa krebisa kanonni rlÀ

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aqamde yvela xelnaweri erTnair suraTs gviCvenebs, aqedan ki – gansxvavebuls. ABDE nusxebSi karTagenis krebis Semdeg modis ,,dionÂsi mTavarepiskoposisa aleqsandrielisaÁ vasilidis mimarTisa epistolisagan kanoni d”, xolo CF nusxebs karTagenisa da dionises kanonebs Soris Camatebuli aqvT:

1. meorisa nikiisa krebisa kanonni iz (!)2. foti (!) patriarqisa ebistole papa andrianes mimarT3. pirvelad da meored kostan[tin]epolis Sekrebulisa krebisa kanonni iz4. munve kostan[tin]epolis taZarsa Sina RmrTismetyuelisa ioanes (!)

Sekrebilisa krebisa kanonni g (C-14 gv., F-5v)G nusxis Canamati ufro vrcelia:1. kostantinepolisa krebisa kanoni a2. gumbadsa Sina palatisasa qmnilisa meequsisa krebisa kanonni rb3. meored nikias Sina meSÂdisa krebisa kanonni ocdaorni4. kostantinupolisa pirvelisa da meorisa krebisa kanonni iz5. RmrTissityÂsa sofiawmidisa taZarsa SinaÁsa krebisa kanonni gam Camatebebze qvemoT sagangebod SevCerdebiT.gagrZeleba yvela xelnawerSi erTi da igivea:ig) dionÂsi mTavarepiskoposisa aleqsandrielisaÁ vasilidis mimarTisa

epistolisagan kanoni did) petre mTavarepiskoposisa aleqsandrielisa da mowamisa sinanulisaTÂs

Tqumulisa sityÂsagan kanonni idmisive paseqisaTÂs Tqumulisa sityÂsagan kanoni aia) grigoli episkoposisa neokesarielisa sakÂrvelTmoqmedisa epistole

kanonianiiv) basili episkoposisa [kesaria]-kappadukiisa amfiloqes ikonielTa

episkoposisa mimarTisa samTa kanonianTa epistoletagani kanonni pdmisive sxÂsa epistolisa misve amfiloqe ikonielisa mimarT miwerilisagan

kanoni amisive epistole kanoniani diodores mimarTmisive epistole kanoniani grigolis mimarT xucisamisive epistole kanoniani xorepiskoposTa mimarTmisive epistole kanoniani misqueSeTa episkoposTa mimarT.C nusxis gadamwers ,,epistole xorepiskoposTa mimarT” gadaweris

procesSi gamorCenia, magram Secdoma SeuniSnavs da momdevno statiis Semdeg SemTxvevviT Tavisuflad darCenil mcire adgilze SemoklebiT Cauweria ,,misive xorebiskoposTa mimarT”.

misive amfiloqes mimarT sulisa wmidisaTÂs miwerilTagan.

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iz) grigoli episkoposisa noselisa litoÁs mimarT militenel episkoposisa miwerili kanonianisa epistolisagan kanonni À

iÀ) timoTe mTavarepiskoposisa aleqsandrielisa Zuelisa mis mier aRwerilTa kiTxva-migebaTagan kanonni ie

iT) filoTeos mTavarepiskoposisa aleqsandrielisa sityuaÁ wmidisa RmrTisa gamoCinebisaTÂs

misnive mosaxsenebelisagan lÂkopolisaTÂs egÂptisa kanonni imisive epistole afingionis mimarT episkoposisamisive epistole agaTonis mimarT episkoposisamisive epistole minas mimarT episkoposisa.aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela qarTuli xelnaweri aq Teofile aleqsandrielis

saxelis ,,filoTeos” formas adasturebs. mxolod G nusxaSia ,,Teofile” iseve, rogorc am Zeglis yvela berZnul xelnawerSi.

k) kÂrile mTavarepiskoposisa aleqsandrielisa dumnoÁs mimarTisa epistolisagan kanonni g

misnive libiiT kerZoTa da xuTqalaqelTa episkoposTa mimarTisa epistolisagan kanonni d

ka) gennadi wmidisa patriarqisa kostantinepolelisa da mis Tana wmidisa krebisa sayoelTaoÁ epistole yovelTave yovlad RirsTa mitropolitTa mimarT.

uwyebaÁ saTanado ars, viTarmed aRweraÁ ese winamdebareTaÁ ara wesisaebr JamTa maTTaÁsa qmnil ars, viTar-igi Semokrba TiToeuli maTi, rameTu nikiisaÁ, uukanaÁsknelesi JamiTa ankÂriisa da neokesariisa krebisaTa, upirates maTsa daiwesa pativisaTvis msofliobisa misisa, xolo sardikiisa da karTagenisaÁ, uwinaresni JamiTa sxuaTa romelTame krebTasa Semdgomad maTsa daisxnes, vinaÁTgan mravlisa raÁs saqueyanod, ese igi ars kerZoTaTÂs dasavalisaTa ganmasazRvrebel iyvnes. egreTve arkadis da onoris mefeTa ze kostantipolis Semokrebulsa yovelTa uukanaÁsknelesi wesi xudomier, rameTu ara saeklesioÁsa Ziebisa, aramed enkeniobisaTÂs rofinianTa aRSenebulisa mis salocvelosa saxlisa wmidaTa mociqulTaÁsa Semokrba igi da Soris Semosrulnica raÁme cilobani ganfxurna”.

es statia ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT warmodgenilia ABCEGN nusxebSi, xolo D da F xelnawerebSi ki wina statiebTan erTad warmoadgens XVIIIs. danamats.

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sistematuri nawili

1. ,,nawilni kanonebrivTa ganwesebaTani da TiToeulisa nawilisa da SesatyÂsTa TavTani”. A (6v-13v), B (6r-14v), C (17-34 gv.), D (7v-13r), E (7v-19r), F (6v-13r). Pitra, II, 453-457.

sistematuri nawili xelnawerebSi ori ganyofilebiT aris warmodgenili.pirveli ganyofileba, romlis gverdebi Cven mivuTiTeT, dayofilia 14

titlosad (nawilad), xolo TiToeuli titlosi Seicavs Tavebis met-nakleb raodenobas. warmodgenil ganyofilebaSi motanili titlosebisa da maTi Tavebis mxolod dasaxeleba.

es nawili G xelnawerSi gamotovebulia, rogorc Cans, Segnebulad.unda SevniSnoT, rom D nusxaSi, iseve, rogorc am xelnaweris wina nawili,

es statiac XVIII saukunis xeliT aris Sevsebuli, F nusxaSi ki am statiis dasawyisis mozrdili monakveTi – À (8) nawilis À (8) Tavis CaTvliT (6v-8v) – besarion orbeliSvilis (XVIIIs.) xeliT aris dawerili, xolo amave nawilis T (9) Tavidan grZeldeba ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT.

2. sistematuri nawilis meore ganyofilebas damoukidebeli saTauri ara aqvs da warmoadgens pirveli ganyofilebis uSaulo gagrZelebas: A (13v-33v), B (14v-38v), C (35-85gv.), D (13r-37v), E (19r-116r), F (13r-29v), G (8v-62r). Pitra, II, 458-636.

absoluturi sizustiT ganmeorebulia pirvel ganyofilebaSi warmodgenili titlosebisa (nawilebisa) da Tavebis saTaurebi, oRond TiToeul titlosSi Semavali Tavebis saxelwodebaTa Semdeg moTavsebulia Sesabamis saeklesio kanonebze miTiTeba. saeklesio kanonebze miTiTebis Semdeg Tavebis mer nawils axlavs amonawerebi samoqalaqo (bizantiuri) kanonmdeblobidan, zogjer ki mxolod miTiTebani samoqalaqo kodeqsis wignebze.1

1 TvalsaCinoebisaTvis movitanT mag. XI titulis I Tavs orive ganyofilebidan (am titlosSi sul 16 Tavia):,,nawili i a: monasteriTa da monazonTaTÂs.Tavi a: aRSenebisaTÂs monasterTaÁsa, da raÁTa iqmnen igini ganTÂsebiT, da imave titlosis pirveli Tavi meore ganyofilebidan:,,nawili i a: monasterTa da monazonTaTÂs.

Tavi a: aRSenebisaTÂs monasterTaÁsa, da raÁTa ara iqmnen igini sayofel-sasoflioni, da saqonelTaTÂs monazonTaÁsa:

xalkidonisa krebisa kanonni d, k d,meequsisa krebisa kanonni m T,meorisa nikiisa krebisa kanonni i g,pirvelisa da meorisa kostantinopolis taZarsa Sina wmidaTa mociqulTasaSekrebulisa krebisa kanonni a, v.xolo meaTcamete ganwesebaÁ pirvelisa Tavisa nearonTaÁsa ityÂs, viTarmed romelsa

enebos aRSenebaÁ monastrisaÁ, pirvelad ezraxen igi episkopossa maT adgilTasa ... da mesame ganwesebaÁ meorisa Tavisa nearonTaÁsaÁ ityÂs, viTarmed romelsa enebos aRSenebaÁ monastrisaÁ, numca sxuebr iwyebs igi Senebad, aramed... da a.S.

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samoqalaqo kanonebis xvedriTi wona ABCDF nusxebTan SedarebiT E G xelnawerebSi gacilebiT didia (amaze qvemoT ufro dawvrilebiT).

G xelnawerSi sistematuri nawilis es ganyofileba saerTo saTauris gareSea warmodgenili (8v), radgan, rogorc aRvniSneT, sistematuri nawilis pirveli ganyofileba saTauriTurT am xelnawerSi gadamwers, vfiqrobT, ganmeorebis Tavidan asacileblad specialurad unda gamoetovebina.

mxolod B nusxaSia sistematuri nawilis es ori ganyofileba gamijnuli sworxazovani formis lamazi ornamentuli zoliT, danarCen xelnawerebSi ki meore pirvelis uSualo gagrZelebas warmoadgens. D nusxaSi sistematuri nawilis meore ganyofilebis ori furceli (13r-14r) – 1 titlosis À (8) Tavis dasawyisi – isev XVIIIs. xeliT Sevsebuli nawilis bolos warmoadgens, xolo Semdeg grZeldeba xelnaweris ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT.

ZiriTadi nawilimociqulTa kanonebi

1. ,,kanonni wmidaTa mociqulTani” (85 kanoni) A (33r-39v), B (39r-45r), C (87-103gv.), D (38r-47v), E (116r-124v), F (30r-36r), G (63r-67v). Pitra, I, 13-36.

mociqulTa kanonebi dasaTaurebulia BF nusxebSi mrgvlovani singuriT, xolo CEG nusxebSi – nusxuri singuriT. saTauri ara aqvs AD nusxebs (Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT A-Si fanqriT, xolo D-Si melniT sul bolo xanebSi daweril saTaurebs).

C nusxaSi ukanasknel kanons p e ricxvi ar uweria.

saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi

2. ,,kanonni samas aTrvametTa wmidaTa mamaTa nikias SekrebulTani Âpatosobasa pavlinessa da iulianessa brwyinvaleTasa welTa aleqsandresiTGan equsas ocdaaTequsmetTa, TTuÀsa desionsa aTcxrametsa uwinares aTcametsa kalandasa ivlisasa”. (20 kanoni) A (40r-43v), B (45r-49r), C (103-112gv.), D (47v-53r), E (124v-128v), F (36r-39v), G (67v-70v). Pitra, I, 427-435.

3. ,,kanonni ankÂrias SekrebulTa netarTa mamaTani, romelni upiratesni ukuÀ arian nikias dasxmulTa maT kanonTani, xolo daiwernes meored warCinebulebisaTÂs msoflioÁsa mis krebisa” (25 kan.) A (44r-46v), B (49r-52v), C (112-119 gv.), D (53r-57v), E (128v-132v), F (39v-42v), G (70v-72v). Pitra, I, 441-448.

4. kanonni neokesarias Sekrebulisa wmidaTa mamaTani, romelni meoreni ukuÀ arian ankÂriisaTani, xolo pirvelni nikias dasxmulTa kanonTani, garna patiosnebisaTÂs misisa amissaca winaÁs dawesebul ars msoflioÁ krebaÁ nikiisaÁ” (15 kanoni) A (47r-48r), B (52v-53v), C (118-112gv.), D (57v-59r), E (132v-133v), F (42v-43v), G (72v-73v). Pitra, I, 451-454.

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5. ,,kanonni [Rangras] SekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTani, romelni Semdgomad nikiisa krebisa daisxnes” (epistole + 20 kan.) A (48r-50v), B (53v-56v), C (122-138gv. paginaciis xarvezi – 122-is Semdeg 133), D (59r-63r), E (133v-137r), F (43v-46r), G (73v-75v). Pitra, I, 487-492.

ABDEF nusxebSi SecdomiT ,,Rangras” nacvlad ,,ankÂrias” gvaqvs. mxolod CG nusxebi gvaZleven swor wakiTxvas.

6. ,,kanonni antioqias SekrebulTa mamaTani” (epistole + 25 kn.) A (5v-56v), B (56v-63r), C (138-150gv.), D (63r-70r), E (137r-143r), F (46r-51r), G (75v-79r). Pitra, I, 455-466.

7. ,,kanonni laodikias frigÂsasa SekrebulTa netarTa mamaTani. wmidaman krebaman laodikias frigÂisa paktianisasa Sekrebulman TiToeulTa samTavroTagan asianisaTa dasxna sazRvarni saeklesioni, viTarca aqa weril arian”. (59 kanoni + kanonikuri wignebis sia). A (56v-59v), B (63r-67r), C (150-158gv.), D (70r-75v), E (143r-147v), F (51r-54r), G (79r-81v). Pitra, I, 494-504.

8. ,,kanonni wmidaTa mamaTani kostansinopolis SekrebulTani Âpatosobasa flabioÁssa evqerissa da flabioÁssa da(!)evagressa ufroÁsad brwyinvaleTaÁsa uwinares SÂdTa dReTa ivlisisaTa” (epistole + 7 kanoni) A(60r-63r), B (63v-70v), C (158-164gv.), D (74v-78v), E (147v-151v), F (54r-56v), G (82r-84r). Pitra, I, 507-512.

9. ,,kanonni orasTa wmidaTa mamaTa efesos SekrebulTani, Semdgomad Âpatosobasa flabiu Teodosisa meaTcxrametesa da flabiu uvalentianessa mesamesa saukuneTa avRustosTasa uwinares meaTesa kalandasa ivlisisasa” (Sesavali + 8kan. + epistole) A (63r-66r), B (71r-75r), C (164-171gv.), D (78v-83v), E(151v-155v), F (56r-59v), G (84r-86r). Pitra, I, 515-520.

10. ,,kanonni equsas ocdaaTTa wmidaTa mamaTa xalkedons SekrebulTa Âpatosobasa markiane saukunoÁsa avRÂstosisa uwinares rvasa kalandasa neombrisasa” (28 kanoni + ori amonaweri aqtebidan) A (66r-71v), B (75r-82v), C (171-184gv.), D (83v-91v), E(155v-164r), F (59v-64v), G (86v-91r). Pitra, I, 522-534.

11. kanonni sardikias SekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTani” (21 kanoni). A (71v-77v), B (82v-90r), C (185-198gv.), D (91v-100r), E(164r-171v), F (64v-70r), G (91r-95r). Pitra, I, 468-483.

AD nusxebSi 21 kanoni daunomravia, magram iwyeba sazedao singuriT.12. ,,kanonni karTagens SekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTa[ni]” (138 kanoni) A (77v-127v),

B (90r-152v), C (198-313gv.), D (100r-167v), E(171v-233v), F (70r-115r), G (95r-133v).yvela nusxaSi kanonebis saTvalavSi Sedis xuTi epistole, romelic bolos

aris darTuli: r ld, r le, r lv, rl z (ADF nusxebSi SecdomiT r kz), r lÀ (ADF nusx. r le).

D nusxaSi karTagenis krebis bolo kanons (epistoles) rlÀ-is nacvlad r le aweria, rac A nusxidan gadasuli Secdoma unda iyos. iqve gadamweris SeniSvna:

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,,aqa ricxusa zeda kanonni maklian, vinaÁTgan aman krebaman as ocdaaTrvameti kanoni dasxna”. zustad aseTi SeniSvnaa B nusxaSic, oRond iq kanonebis saTvalavi sworia – r lÀ.

ABCDF nusxebSi karTagenis krebis kanonebi mTavrdeba sityvebiT: ,,vaSad dasrulda, vaSad”, rac ar aris EG nusxebSi. Pitra-s gamocemaSi karTagenis krebis kanonebi ar aris; aT. sint. III, 297-624.

13. ,,kostantinopolis Sina krebisa mier qmnulTa mosaÃsenebelTagan aRapisTÂs da vaRadisTÂs, romelni uÃdebodes urTierTas saepiskopososa zeda bostrisasa” (am krebis aqtebidan nawyveti, erT kanonad gagebuli) A (127v-128v), B (152v-154v), C (313-316gv.), D (167v-169r), E(233v-235v), F (115r-116r), G (133v-134v). Pitra, II, 162-165.

dasaxelebuli krebis kanoni damoukidebel erTeulad ar aris gagebuli ABCDF nusxebSi da amitom ar aris danomrili rogorc damoukidebeli paragrafi (dasax. nusxebSi karTagenis krebis kanonebs ,,i b” saTvalavi aqvs, xolo VI kr. kanonebs ,,i g”. maT Soris moqceuli konstantinepolis 394w. krebis kanons saTvalavi ar aqvs; albaT, is karTagenis krebis nawiladaa gagebuli – CB nusxaSi im furclebs, romlebic am krebis kanonebis teqsts Seicavs, furcels zeda arSiaze ,,karTagenis kreba” aweria).

,,i g” saTvalaviT am krebis kanoni aRricxulia mxolod G nusxaSi.14. ,,kanonni kostantinopolis gumbadsa Sina sameufoÁsa palatisasa

SekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTani iustinianes ze keTilad msaxurisa da qristes moyuarisa mefisa Cuenisa” (epistole + 102 kanoni + xelimowerebi) A (129r-163r), B (154v-200v), C (316-388gv.), D (169r-205v), E(235r-272v), F (116r-146r), G (134v-159r). Pitra, II, 14-73.

15. ,,kanonni meored nikeas SekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTani dasabamiTganTa welTa equs aTas oras oTxmeocdaaTequsmetTa, indiktionsa aToTxmetsa keTilad msaxurebiT mefe-qmnilTa kostantines ze da irinis dedisa misisa” (22 kanoni) A (163r-170v), B (200r-210v), C (389-406gv.), D (206r-214v), E(272v-283r), F (147r-154r), G (159r-165r). Pitra, II, 103-121.

C nusxaSi 403-406 gverdebze xelnaweris defeqti Sevebulia XVIIIs. besarion kaTalikosis xeliT dawerili pergamentis ori furcliT. rogorc xelnawerSia aRniSnuli, defeqti C nusxaSi misi dednidanaa gadmosuli (ix. SeniSvna 402 gverdze). Camatebuli furclebi iwyeba me-18 kanoniT, mTavrdeba tarasis epistolis saTauriT:

,,yovelsa Sina ufroÁsad wmidasa da yovlad netarsa Zmasa da TanamRdelisa ufalsa andrianes papasa moxucebulisa hromisasa tarasi uRirsi episkoposi uflisa mier gaxareb” A (170v-174v), B (210r-215v), C (406-414gv.), D (214r-218v), E(283r-287v), F (154r-157v), G (165r-167v). Pitra, II, 304-309.

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16. ,,kanonni dasxmulni wmidisagan da didisa pirvelad da meored kostantinopolis yovlad patiosansa Sina taZarsa wmidaTa mociqulTasa Sekrebulisa krebisa” (17 kanoni) A (174v-181r), B (215r-225v), C (415-429gv.), D (219r-226v), E(287v-296r), F (157v-163v), G (167v-172r). Pitra, II, 127-141.

17. ,,kanonni dasxmulni wmidisa mier krebisa, romeli Semokrba saxelganTmulsa da saxelovansa Sina taZarsa RmrTismetyuelisasa, romelman daamtkica meSÂde wmidaÁ da msoflioÁ krebaÁ, xolo ganxeTqilebisa moqmedi da mwvalebeli sacTuri ganaqarva” (3 kanoni) A (181r-182r), B (225r-226r), C (425-431gv.), D (226v-227r), E(296r-297r), F (163v-164r), G (172r-v). Pitra, II, 142-143.

wm. mamaTa kanonebi

18. ,,netarisa dionÂsi mTavarepiskoposisa aleqsandrielisaÁ. dionÂsios vasilidis, sayuarelsa Zesa Cemsa da Zmasa Tana-mwirvelsa RmrTivSueniersa uflisa mier gixaroden” (epistolis Sesavali + 4 kanoni) A (182r-184v), B (226r-229v), C (431-436gv.), D (227r-230r), E(297r-299r), F (164r-166v), G (172v-174r). Pitra, II, 541-545.

19. ,,wmidisa petre mTavarepiskoposisa aleqsandrielisa da mowamisa kanonni, romelni weril arian sinanulisaTÂs Tqumulsa mas sityuasa Sina missa” (14 kanoni) A (184v-190v), B (229v-238v), C (436-450gv.), D (230r-236v), E(299v-306v), F (166v-172r), G (174r-178v). Pitra, II, 551-561.

a) ,,misive paseqisa ZliTisa sityÂsagan” A (190v), B (238r), C (450-451), D (236v), E(306v), F (172r), G (178v). Pitra, I, 561.

20. ,,epistole kanoniani wmidisa grigoli episkoposisa neokesarielisa sakÂrvelTmoqmedisaÁ maTTÂs, romelTa eWama nazorevi kerpTaÁ marbevelobasa Sina barbarozTasa anu sxÂTa raÁTme SecTomil iyvnes” (kanonebad danomrili ar aris) A (190v-192v), B (238r-241r), C (451-456gv.), D (236v-239r), E(306v-309v), F (172r-174v), G (179r-180v). Pitra, II, 562-565.

21. ,,epistole wmidida aTanasesi ammonis mimarT monazonisa” A (192v-194v), B (241v-244r; paginaciaSi Secdomaa 243-is Semdeg – 245, Semd. 244, 245 da 246), C (456-461gv.), D (239r-241v), E (309v-312r), F (174v-176r), G (180v-182r), Pitra, I, 567-570.

a) ,,misive ocdameaTcxrmetisagan sadResaswaulobiTisa epistolisa” A (194v-196r), B (244r-245v), C (461-463gv.), D (241v-242v), E(312r-313v), F (176v-177v), G (182r-183r). Pitra, I, 570-572.

22. ,,wmidisa basili episkoposisa kesaria-kappadukielisaÁ amfiloqes mimarT ikoniel episkoposisa kanonTaTÂs epistole pirveli” (Sesav. + 16 kanoni) A (196r-202r), B (245v-253r), C (463-477gv.), D (242v-249v), E(313v-321v), F (177v-183v), G (183r-187v). Pitra, I, 576-585.

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a) ,,misive misdave mimarT kanonTaTÂs epistole meore” (Sesav. + 24kan. – 17

- 50). A (202r-207v), B (253r-260v), C (477-489gv.), D (249v-255r), E(321v-328r), F (183v-188v), G (187v-191r). Pitra, I, 586-594.

b) ,,misive misdave mimarT kanonTaTÂs epistole mesame” (Sesavali + 34 kan.

– 51-84) A (207v-211v), B (260r-265v), C (489-498gv.), D (255r-255v), E(328r-333v), F (188v-192v), G (191r-194r). Pitra, I, 595-601.

g) ,,misive misve wmidisa amfiloqes mimarT miwerilisa epistolisagan ara

umecrebisaTÂs uflisa dResa da Jamisa aRsasrulisasa” A (211v), B (265v-266r), C (498gv.), D (259v), E(333v), F (192v-193r), G (194r-194r). Pitra, I, 601.

d) ,,misive diodores mimarT tarselisa maTTÂs, romelTa orni dani SeerTnes,

anu romelni orTa ZmaTa col-eyvnes” A (211v-214r), B (266r-269r), C (498-504gv.), D (259v-262r), E(333v-336v), F (193r-195v), G (194r-196r). Pitra, I, 602-605.

e) ,,misive grigolis mimarT xucisa, raÁTa ganeSoros igi Tana-saxleulisagan

dedakacisa” A (214r-215r), B (269r-270r), C (504-506gv.), D (262r-263r), E(336v-337v), F (195v-196r), G (196r-v). Pitra, I, 605-606.

v) ,,misive xorebiskoposTa mimarT, raÁTa ara ganiCinebodin TÂnier missa

msaxurni samRdeloTani gareSe wamebisa kanonTaÁsa” A (215r-215v), B (270r-271r), C (506-508gv.), D (263r-264r), E(337r-338r), F (196r-197r), G (196v-197r). Pitra, I, 606-608.

z) ,,misive misqueSeTa episkoposTa mimarT, raÁTa ara ÃelTa daasxmiden

saÃmriTa” A (215v-216v), B (271r-272r), C (508-510gv.), D (264r-v), E(338r-339r), F (197r-198r), G (197r-v). Pitra, I, 608-609.

À) ,,wmidisa basilisive ocdameSÂdisa Tavisagan sulisa wmidisaTÂs netarisa

amfiloqes mimarT miwerilTa maT TavTagan” A (216v-218r), B (272r-274v), C (510-514gv.), D (265r-266v), E(339r-341r), F (198r-199v), G (197v-199r). Pitra, I, 608-612.

T) ,,missive ocdamecxrisa Tavisagan misve wignisaÁ” A (218r), B (274v-275r), C (514-515gv.), D (266v-267r), E(341r-v), F (199r-200r), G (199r). Pitra, I, 612.

23. ,,epistole kanoniani wmidisa grigoli episkoposisa noselisaÁ

wmidaTaganisaÁ litoÁs mimarT episkoposisa melitinelTaÁsa (vrc. Sesavali+8

kanoni) A (218v-255v), B (275r-283v), C (515-532gv.), D (267r-274r), E(341v-349v), F (200r-207r), G (199r-203v). Pitra, I, 619-629.

G-Si: ...,,litoin melitinelisa episkoposisa mimarT...

24. ,,wmidisa grigoli RmrTismetyuelisaÁ ganzomilTagan stiyuaTa misTa” A (255v), B (283v-284v), C (532-533gv.), D (274r-v), E(349v-350r), F (207r-v), G (203v-204r). Pitra, I, 654-655.

25. ,,wmidisa amfiloqe episkoposisa ikonielisaÁ selevkosis mimarTTa

iambikonTagan” A (266r-v), B (284v-285v), C (534-536gv.), D (274r-275v), E(350v-351v), F (207v-208v), G (204r-v). Pitra, I, 655-658.

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26. ,,migebaÁ kanonebrivi timoTes wmidisa mTavarepiskoposisa aleqsandrielisaÁ,

romel iyo erTi asergasisTa wmidaTa kostantinepolis SekrebulTa wmidaTa

mamaTani, episkoposTan vieTme da moyuasTa mier winadasxmulTa misda kiTxvaTa

mimarT” (15 kiTxva-migeba) A (266v-228v), B (285v-288r), C (536-540gv.), D (275v-277r), E(351r-353r), F (208v-210r), G (204v-205v). Pitra, I, 630-634.

27. ,,Teofile wmidisa mTavarepiskoposisa aleqsandrielisa sityuaÁ, raJams-

igi daemTxÂa RmrTis gamoCinebaÁ kÂriakesa dResa” A (228v), B (288r-v), C (540-541gv.), D (277r-v), E(353r-v), F (210r-v), G (205v-206r). Pitra, I, 646.

a) ,,missive mosaÃsenebeli, romeli miiRo amon lÂkoÁsTÂs” (10 kanoni) A (228v-230r), B (288v-290v), C (541-545gv.), D (277v-278v), E(353v-355r), F (210v-212r), G (206r-207r). Pitra, I, 646-648.

D nusxaSi am statiis dasawyisi ,,xolo ukueTu wina”-s CaTvliT teqstis

ZiriTadi xeliTaa warmodgenili, momdevno nawili xelnaweris bolonaklulobis

gamo Sevsebulia XVIIIs. xeliT.

b) ,,misive afigionis mimarT ganwmedilad wodebulTa” A (230r), B (290r-v), C (545gv.), D (278v-279r), E(355r), F (212r), G (207r). Pitra, I, 648-649. D nusxaSi XVIIIs.

xeliT.

g) ,,misive agaTonis mimarT episkoposisa” A (230r-v), B (290v), C (545-546gv.), D (279r), E(355r-v), F (212r), G (207r). Pitra, I, 649. D nusxaSi XVIIIs. xeliT.

d) ,,misive minas mimarT episkoposisa” A (230v), B (290v-291r), C (546gv.), D (279r), E(355v), F (212r-v), G (207r). Pitra, I, 649. D nusxaSi XVIIIs. xeliT.

28. ,,wmidisa kÂrile mTavarepiskoposisa aleqsandrielisaÁ”.

a) ,,kÂrile domnos” (3 kanoni) A (230v-232r), B (291r-v), C (546-549gv.), D (279r-280v), E(355v-357v), F (212v-213v), G (207r-208r). Pitra, I, 652. B nusxaSi

xelnaweris defeqtis gamo pirveli kanonis teqstis meore naxevris Semdeg da

momdevno epistole mTlianad aklia. D nusxaSi XVIIIs. xeliT.

b) ,,misive libielTa da xuTqalaqelTa episkoposTa mimarT” (Sesavali + 4

kanoni) A (232r-v), B (-), C (549-551gv.), D (280v-281r), E(357v-358r), F (213v-214v), G (208r-v). Pitra, I, 652-654. D nusxaSi XVIIIs. xeliT.

29. ,,mrgulivmosavleli epistole gennadi wmidisa episkoposisa

kostantinopolisa da mis Tana wmidisa krebisa misisaÁ yovelTa mimarT

ufroÁsad RirsTa mitropolitTa” (70 xelmoweriT) A (232v-236r), B (292r-294r), C (551-559gv.), D (281r-283r), E(358r-361v), F (214v-217v), G (208r-210v). Pitra, II, 183-187. B nusxaSi xelnaweris defeqtis gamo SemorCenilia epistolis bolo

nawili (sityvebidan: ,,da yovlisave samRdeloÁsa pativisa...” da xelis moweraTa

CaTvliT). D nusxaSi XVIIIs. xeliT.

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30. ,,epistole dawerili kostantinopoliT martÂri episkoposisa

antioqielisaÁ, Tu viTar jer-ars SewynarebaÁ mwvalebelTaÁ, romelni

mouÃdebodin wmidasa da kaTolike eklesiasa” A (236r-vr), B (294r-v), C (559-560gv.), D (283r-v), E(361v-362r), F (217v-218r), G (211r). Pitra, II, 187-188. D nusxaSi XVIIIs.

xeliT.

31. ,,wmidisa aTanasesi aleqsandriel mTavarepiskoposisaÁ epistole

rufinianes mimarT episkoposisa” A (236v-237v), B (294v-296r), C (561-563gv.), D (283v-363r), E(362r-363r), F (218r-219r), G (211r-212r). Pitra, I, 572-574.. D nusxaSi

XVIIIs. xeliT.

32. ,,ZeglisweraÁ” ruis-urbnisis krebisaÁ A (238r-248v), B (296v-311v), C (-), D (298v-307r), E(363r-375r), F (219r-277v), G (212r-219r). C nusxaSi ar aris. D nusxaSi

XVIIIs. xeliT. F nusxis bolo furceli dakargulia.

5. ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Semadgenel nawilTa filologiuri analizi

Sesavali statiebi

a) ,,ganwesebani yovlad wmidisa mociqulisa pavlesni saeklesio kanonTaTÂs” da ,,ganwesebani wmidaTa mociqulTa petre da pavlesni”, romliTac iwyeba ,,didi sjuliskanonis” A da G xelnawerebi, BCDEF nusxebSi ar aris. danamdvilebiT SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom B da C nusxebSi es statiebi arc arasodes gvqonia, radgan aRniSnuli xelnawerebi sruli saxiT aris moRweuli (rasac adasturebs xelnawerTa furclebis sruli rveulebrivi paginacia). DF xelnawerebis Tavdapirveli teqsti Tavnaklulia da defeqti XVIIIs. aris Sevsebuli, amitom sruli damajereblobiT Znelia dadgindes, gvqonda Tu ara es statiebi am xelnawerTa danaklis nawilSi. DF xelnawerTa ZiriTadi teqstis identuroba ABC nusxebTan uflebas gvaZlevs vivaraudoT, rom dasaxelebuli nusxebis Tavdapirvel SemadgenlobaSi es statiebi ar yofila. SeiZleba, XVIII sauk. restavratorebma amitomac aRar Seitanes petre da pavles ganwesebani aRniSnul xelnawerebSi.

,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sedgenilobis aRnusxvis dros aRvniSneT, rom dasaxelebul statiebs Seicavs A nusxa, magram iqve ganvmarteT, rom es nawili ZiriTad teqstTan SedarebiT gviandeli (ara uadres XVIs.) danamatia. es damateba A xelnaweris ZiriTadi teqstis xarvezs ki ar avsebs, rac erTis SexedviT SeiZleba mogvaCvenos, aramed rogorc Cans, Zeglis axali masaliT Sevsebis surviliT aris nakarnaxevi. A xelnaweri am statiebs Tavdapirvel

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SedgenilobaSi ar moicavda, radgan Zveli teqstis Cveulebrivi paginaciis

pirveli furceli momdevno statiiT ,,SekrebaÁ kanonTa saeklesioTaÁ” iwyeba.

amrigad, safuZvels moklebuli ar iqneba, Tu vityviT, rom ,,didi

sjuliskanonis” qarTul xelnawerTa im jgufSi, romlebsac am Zeglis

Tavdapirveli Sedgeniloba aqvT daculi, dasaxelebuli statiebi Setanili ar

yofila.

sakiTxis garkvevisaTvis, petre da pavles kanonebi ,,didi sjuliskanonis”

Tavdapirveli Sedgenilobis nawilia, Tu gvian Targmnili da mis SemadgenlobaSi

Semdeg Setanili, gvexmareba E da G xelnawerebis Cvenebani. E da G nusxebi

ABCDF xelnawerebisagan gansxvavdebian sistematur nawilSi: samoqalaqo

kanonmdebloba saeklesio sakiTxebis Sesaxeb EG xelnawerebSi gacilebiT

vrcladaa warmodgenili. am sakiTxze dawvrilebiT qvemoT vilaparakebT, aq ki

SevniSnavT, rom EG xelnawerebi ,,didi sjuliskanonis” teqstze muSaobis ufro

gviandel periods gviCveneben da, cxadia, ABCDF nusxebis teqstTan SedarebiT

zedmeti masala ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Tavdapirvel Targmanze gvian, daxloebiT

erTi saukunis Sedeg aris naTargmni. sistematuri nawilis am monakveTSi E da G

nusxebi identuria. orive xelnawerSi samoqalaqo kanonebis teqstTa erTi da

igive Targmani gvaqvs. amitom mosalodneli iyo gvefiqra, rom ,,ganwesebanis” es

ori statia maSin iTargmna, roca EG tipis romeliRac xelnweris redaqtorma

moiwadina ABCDF tipis nusxaTa xarvezi samoqalaqo kanonebis nawilSi axali

TargmaniT Seevso. magram suraTi mainc sxvagvari Cans.

E xelnawerSi ,,ganwesebani... pavlesni...” da ,,ganwesebani... petre da pavlesni”

ar unda yofiliyo, da ai r atom:

E xelnaweri Tavnaklulia. dRevandeli teqsti iwyeba ,,didi sjuliskanonis”

Sesavlis - ,,Sesavali zandukisa TavTaÁsaÁ” – Sua nawilidan. ra moculobisaa

danaklisi nawili? igulisxmeba Tu ara dasaxelebuli statiebi dakargul

nawilSi?

E xelnaweri (romlis Zalze cudi fotopiriT vsargeblobT), miuxedavad

imisa, rom Tavnaklulia, gviandeli paginaciiT 1r-iT iwyeba. magram Tavdapirveli

paginacia rveulebis mixedviT yofila: arabul ricxvTa paginaciiT 30r arSiaze

furclis TavSi, Sua adgilze nusxa-xucuri ,,e” ueWvelad mexuTe rveulis

dasawyiss uCvenebs, radgan 29v qveda arSiaze, aseve Sua adgilze gamoyvanili

oTxi ricxvis aRmniSvneli nusxa-xucuri ,,d” meoTxe rveulis dasasrulia.

radganac xelnaweris momdevno furclebis gadaTvlis safuZvelze naTelia,

rom erTi rveuli rva furcels – 16 gverds Seicavs, E xelnaweri Tavidan

me-4 rveulis dasasrulamde 64gv. Seicavda. gviandeli paginaciiT ki meoTxe

rveulis dasasruls 29v aweria, rac 58gv. Seesabameba. eWvs ar iwvevs, rom

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xelnawers dRes Tavdapirvei Sedgenilobis 6 gverdi aklia. E xelnaweris

Sedarebam BC xelnawerebTan, romlebic daaxloebiT Tanabari formatisa da

striqoniT raodenobisa arian, dagvarwmuna, rom E xelnaweris dakargul eqvs

gverdze SeiZleba dateuliyo mxolod ,,Sesavali zandukisa TavTaÁsaÁ”-s nawili,

romelic dRevandel teqsts aklia, da statia ,,SekrebaÁ kanonTa saeklesioTaÁ...”

mTlianad. petre da pavles ,,ganwesebani”-s mozrdili teqstisaTvis (A da G

mixedviT gacilebiT didi formatis 3 furc. = 6gv.), ra Tqma unda, adgili aRar

rCeba.

amrigad, naTelia, rom E nusxa ABCDF nusxebis msgavsad am statiebs ar

Seicavda.

sabolood dagvrCa mxolod erTaderTi G xelnaweri, romlis SedgenilobaSi

dasaxelebuli statiebi teqstis xeliT aris warmodgenili – es statiebi G

nusxaSi Zeglis mTliani teqstis gadmowerisTanave aris Setanili. saidan gaCnda

am statiebis qarTuli Targmani G nusxaSi?

Tuki sarwmunoa ABCDF nusxebis Cveneba, ,,didi sjuliskanoni” arsen

iyalToelis TargmanSi dasaxelebul statiebs ar Seicavda. es statiebi qarTulad

maSinac ar gadmouRiaT, roca E tipis xelnaweris mTargmnel-redaqtorma

xelaxali TargmaniT Seavso arsenis Targmnili ,,didi sjuliskanonis” teqstis

sistematuri nawili.

am statiebis qarTulad gadmoReba da ,,didi sjuliskanonis” SedgenilobaSi

Setana Zeglis qarTul Targmanze muSaobis mesame safexurs ekuTvnis. qarTul

teqstze G nusxaSi fiqsirebuli muSaoba martooden am statiebis TargmniT ar

amoiwureba (amis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT qvemoT). amJamadac sakmarisia iTqvas,

rom G nusxis Tu misi dednis gadamwers ,,didi sjuliskanonis” teqsti ara

marto gadmouweriaT E nusxis tipis qarTuli xelnaweridan, aramed sagangebod

udarebia ,,nomokanonis” berZnul, CvenTvis ucnobi xelnawerisaTvis da qarTuli

teqstis zogi adgili Seuvsia da usworebia. rogorc Cans, ,,ganwesebani petresi

da pavlesni” am berZnuli xelnaweris dasawyisi yofila da G tipis nusxis

redaqtors amitomac gadmouRia.

v.n. beneSeviCi, romelmac Seiswavla nomokanonebis sxvadasxva redaqciebis

Semcveli berZnuli xelnawerebis didi nawili, uCvenebs iseT nusxebs, romlebic

dasaxelebul statiebs Seicaven aseve dasawyisSi1. aseTi xelnawerebis ricxvi

metia, vidre xelnawerebisa, romelTa SedgenilobaSi es statiebi ar Cans (aqve

mxedvelobaSi misaRebia is faqtic, rom berZnul xelnawerTa didi nawili

defeqturia dasawyis nawilSi). am sakiTxs imitom SevexeT, rom sainteresoa,

1 В.Н. Бенешевич, Канонический сборник XIV титулов со второй четверти VIIв. до 883г. СПБ, 1905г. стр. 162-182.

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rogori berZnuli xelnaweriT sargeblobda arsen iyalToeli – am xelnawerSi

ar iyo dasaxelebuli statiebi da amitom ver gadmoTargmna, Tu statiebi

Tavis adgilas iyo, magram arsenma Segnebulad ar gadmoiRo (gavixsenoT,

rom VI msoflio krebam me-2 kanoniT akrZala mociqulTa dadgenilebebis

rvawigneuli, rogorc mwvalebelTa mier Seryvnili da damaxinjebuli naSromi,

xolo dasaxelebuli statiebi swored mociqulTa dadgenilebebis VIII wignis

Semadgeneli nawilia1).

rogoric ar unda iyos mizezi, faqti erTia: arsen iyalToels es statiebi ar

uTargmnia, Targmani mogvianebiT G tipis nusxis redaqtorma Seasrula, Tumca

aRsaniSnavia, rom berZnul xelnawerebSi dasaxelebul statiebTan erTad aris

yovelTvis mesame msgavsi statia ,,Κοινως των Αποστόλων πάντων κανόνες β”2, rac

qarTul TargmanSi ar Cans.

amrigad, ar marTldeba v.n. beneSeviCis varaudi, rom ,,ganwesebani... petresi da

pavlesni” ,,didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli Targmanis Tavdapirveli kuTvnilebaa3.

qarTul xelnawerTa Seswavla sawinaaRmdego suraTs gvaZlevs.

berZnul xelnawerTa umetes nawilSi arc pirveli da arc meore statiis

kanonebi danomrili ar aris da sadac aris es numeracia, iqac gviandeli xeliT

aris miwerili4. sworedes gviandeli numeracia unda iyos gadasuli am statiebis

berZnuli teqstis beWdur gamocemebSi: ,,ganwesebani...pavlesni”... 17 kanonadaa

dayofili da danomrili da ,,ganwesebani... petre da pavlesni” aseve – 17 kanonad5.

A da G qarTul nusxebSi dasaxelebuli statiebis kanonebi danomrili ar aris,

magram sazedao singuris asoebiT dawyebuli abzacebi saSualebas gvaZlevs

davadginoT, TiToeul statiaSi ramden kanons gamoyofs qarTuli xelnawerebi,

amasTanave aRvniSnavT, rom A da G am statiaTa teqstis farglebSi araviTar

gansxvavebas ar gviCveneben. advili dasaSvebia, rom A nusxaSi Setanili

dasaxelebul statiaTa teqsti G nusxidan iyos gadmowerili.

qarTul teqstSi, zemoaRniSnuli niSnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, pirveli statia

16 kanons gamohyofs, xolo meore – 14-s, miuxedavad imisa, rom berZnul teqstTan

mimarTebiT maT araferi ar akliaT. ubralod, ,,ganwesebaTa” teqsti kanonebad

sxvadasxvagvarad aris dayofili. kanonT Sinaarsobrivi mxare da dayofa

berZnuli teqstisa ufro mizanSewonilia, amitom qarTuli teqstic mis mixedviT

davyaviT.

1 gamoc. J.B. Pitra, I, 412-416. ix. agreTve Никодим, Православное церковное право, стр. 176-180.2 J.B. P tra, I, 78. aTenis sintagm., IV, 402-403.3 Христианский восток, т. II, вып. III, СПБ, 1914, стр. 359.4 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSromi, gv. 131-132.5 Pitra, I, 64-72.

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b) ,,SekrebaÁ kanonT saeklesioTaÁ ganyofili aToTxmet nawilad” – am statiiT

iwyeba ,,didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli Targmanis teqsti uZveles xelnawerebSi (BC) da werilis wina gverdebze warmodgenili msjelobis safuZvelze SegviZlia Tamamad vTqvaT, rom am statiiT iwyeboda arsen iyalToelis mier Targmnili Zeglis yvela qarTuli xelnaweri (A D E F; gamonakliss G nusxa warmoadgens, ix. zemoT).

statiis saTauris mixedviT, erTis SexedviT, saubari 14-titlovan kanonikur krebuls unda exebodes da statia am krebulis Sesavals unda warmoadgendes, magram aq sruliad moulodneli suraTi gvaqvs: sityva ,,aToTxmeti” – qarTveli mTargmnelis ,,TviTnebobaa” da mis nacvlad unda yofiliyo ,,ergasis”, radganac berZnul xelnawerebSi Sesabamis statias ,,Σναγωγή κανόνων εκκλησιαστικων είς ν’ τίτλος διηρημένη”1 – ewodeba da sxva araferia Tu ara ioane sqolastikosis 50-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis Sesavali.

ioane sqolastikosis krebulis Sesavali 14-titlovani nomokanonis mraval berZnul xelnawers axlavs2 da am faqts logikuri axsnac moepoveba: 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis Semdgenelma, rogorc cnobilia, isargebla ara marto ioane sqolastikosis krebulSi Tavmoyrili kanonikuri wyaroebiT, aramed garkveuli doziT am masalis sistematizaciis principiTac, amitom man saWirod CaTvala Tavisi naSromisaTvis daerTo winamorbedi kanonikuri krebulis winasityvaoba, romelSic ioane sqolastikosis piriT moTxrobili iyo im principebis Sesaxeb, romlebic man Tavis naSroms safuZvlad daudo. amasTanave am winasityvaobis fonze TavisTavad gamoCndeboda is siaxleni, romliTac 14-titlovani krebulis Semdgenelma gaamdidra Tavisi krebuli.

rogorc vxedavT, ioane sqolastikosis 50-titlovani krebulis saTaurSi qarTvel mTargmnels mxolod erTi sityva Seucvlia, ufro sworad, ricxvi gadaukeTebia, albaT, Semdegi mosazrebiT: man kargad icoda, rom berZnuli dedani, romelic mas unda eTargmna, 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebuli (nomokanoni) iyo, amdenad es winawityvaobac am krebulTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs unda Sexeboda, xolo winasityvaobaSi aRniSnuli ν’ (50) τίτλος man, albaT, gadamweris uneblie Secdomad miiCnia da misi azriT, marTebulad Seaswora - ,,aToTxmet nawilad”. Cans, man ver gaigo 14-titlovani krebulis Semdgenlis zemoaRniSnuli Canafiqri da motanil winasityvaobaSi ioane sqolastikosis krebulis Sesavali ver amoicno (Tu arsenic ar icnobda sqolastikosis krebulis berZnul xelnawers, am krebulis qarTuli Targmani arasdros ar arsebula).

1 В.Н. Бенешевич, Канонич. сборник XIV титулов, стр. 132. ,,didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli xelnawerebis aRwerilobaSi v.n. beneSeviCis sqolioSi aRniSnuli aqvs, rom ,,aToTxmet”-is nacvlad следовало бы ormocdaaT-ν. ХВ II , вып. III, стр. 360, sqolio 1.2 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSromi, gv. 116-132. ,,Sesavlis” berZnuli teqsti – Pitra, II, 375-378.

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SeiZleba gvefiqra, rom ,,50”-is ,,14”-ad gadakeTeba mTargmnelis ki ara, qarTuli nusxis romelime gadamweris bralia, magram amis sawinaaRmdegos Semdegi faqtebi mowmoben: yvela qarTul xelnawerSi ,,aToTxmet” gvaqvs dadasturebuli – da Tu mainc vifiqrebT, rom es Secdoma axladTargmnili nusxis pirvel gadamwers mouvida da Semdeg gavrcelda sxva xelnawerebSic, xolo swori formis Semcvelma nusxebma Cvenamde ver moaRwia, maSin raRa vuyoT imas, rom am winasityvaobis qarTul teqstSic (aqamde mxolod saTauris Sesaxeb vlaparakobdiT) meordeba igive ambavi – berZnuli ν’ τίτλος ,,aToTxmet nawilad” aris gadakeTebuli1 da qarTuli xelnawerebi aqac arc erT gamonakliss ar gviCveneben?

amitom gvgonia, rom es cvlileba mTargmnelisagan momdinareobs, radgan beneSeviCis aRwerili berZnuli xelnawerebis mixedviT arc erTi magaliTi ar dasturdeba, rom romelime xelnaweri ,,50”-is nacvlad ,,14”-s gviCvenebdes.

ioane sqolastikosis krebulis winasityvaoba ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sedgenilobis fonze saintereso suraTs gviCvenebs, gansakuTrebiT winasityvaobis bolo nawili, sadac CamoTvlilia mociqulTa da saeklesio krebaTa is kanonebi, romlebic ioane sqolastikosma Tavis krebulSi Seitana. rogorc krebTa CamoTvlis rigi, aseve TiToeuli krebis mier gamotanili kanonTa ricxvis gansxvavebuli raodenoba ,,didi sjuliskanonis” SedgenilobasTan SedarebiT (sardikiis kreba III adgilze – nomokanonSi VI adgilze, miuxedavad imisa, rom am nawilSi krebaTa ricxvi erTnairia; konst. II msofl. krebis 6 kan. – nomokanonSi – 7; qalkedonis 27 kanon. – nomokanonis I redaqciaSi – 28, xolo 883w. redaqciaSi – 30 da sxva) saintereso masalas iZleva saeklesio krebaTa kanonmdeblobis istoriisa da kanonikuri krebulebis evoluciis gasaTvaliswineblad.

aq pirvelad aris dasaxelebuli da, rogorc Cans, ioane sqolastikoss Tavis krebulSi pirvelad Seutania basili didis kanonebi, magram rogorc 50-titlovani krebulis Sedgenilobidan viciT, ara yvela, romlebic dRes 14-titlovan nomokanonSi da ,,did sjuliskanonSi” gvaqvs, aramed amfiloqe ikonielisadmi gagazavnili meore da mesame epistoleTagan 68 kanoni.2 saeklesio kanonebis siaSi, ioane sqolastikosis krebulis winasityvaobis qarTuli Targmanis mixedviT ki dasaxelebulia basilis 84 kanoni, e.i. kanonTa is ricxvi, romelsac Seicavs amfiloqesadmi gagzavnili sami epistole. aqac kargad Cans, rom qarTvel mTargmnels dednis 68 84-ad gadaukeTebia, Tumca ar aris gamoricxuli, rom es gadakeTeba iovane sqolastikosis 50 titlovani krebulis erT-erT SedarebiT gviandel berZen gadamwersac mieweros, rac Semdeg qarTul TargmanSic gadmovida. egeve iTqmis konstantinopolis II msoflio krebis

1 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 101,20.2 Pitra, II, 378. Никодим, dasax. naSromi, gv. 185.

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kanonebis Sesaxebac: cnobilia, rom sqolastikosis krebulSi am krebis 6 kanonia Setanili da es aRniSnulia winasityvaobaSic, qarTuli Targmanis mixedviT ki kanonTa ricxvia 7, e.i. iseve, rogorc ,,didi sjuliskanonis” teqstSi. am statiis qarTul TargmanSi ar aris SenarCunebuli dednis sizuste neokesariis krebis kanonTa ricxvis aRniSvnaSi. sqolastikosis krebulSi da winasityvaobaSi krebis 14 kanonia dadasturebuli, qarTul nusxebSi 14-ic (C, F-XVIIIs. Sevsebuli) da 15-ic (AB, D-XVIIIs. damat., EG), qarTul nusxaTa umravlesoba gviandel suraTs gviCvenebs.

g) ,,Sesavali zandukisa TavTaÁsaÁ” – pirveli statiaa, romelic ,,did sjuliskanonTan” organuladaa dakavSirebuli. am statiiT iwyeba sakuTriv 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulebis yvela berZnuli redaqcia, aseve ,didi sjuliskanoni” da ,,Кормчая книга“.

swored ,,Кормчая книга“-s nusxebze muSaobis dros rozenkampfma gamoTqva varaudi, rom 14-titlovani nomokanonebis es winasityvaoba, romelic dawvrilebiT aRwers am krebulis Semdgenlis mier gamoyenebul wyaroebs da krebulis Sedgenis principebs, warmoadgens ori nawilisagan Semdgar winasityvaobas da TiToeuli nawilis Sedgenis dro erTmaneTisagan or saukuneze meti xniT aris dacilebuli.1

tradiciuli Tvalsazrisi, rom 14-titlovani krebulis winasityvaoba SemuSavebulia, bolos daculi qronologiuri SeniSvnis safuZvelze, 883 wels, XIXs. Sua wlebSi Seirya da rozenkampfis varaudi evropel mecnierTa SromebSi ueWvel WeSmaritebad iqca.2

,,didi sjuliskanonis” dasaxelebuli statia, romelic berZnuli dednis srul suraTs gadmogvcems, yvela qarTuli nusxis ganuyofeli nawilia. Tu rogoraa warmodgenili es statia qarTul xelnawerebSi, ,,didi sjuliskanonis” xelnawerTa Sedgenilobis aRwerisas visaubreT, aq gavimeorebT mxolod imas, rom xelnawerTa umravlesobaSi (AEG) es Sesavali erTiani teqstis saxiT aris warmodgenili, xolo C nusxaSi es statia or nawilad aris gayofili saguldagulo singuriani xaziT, e.i. mxolod am nusxas aqvs SenarCunebuli berZnuli dedniseuli winasityvaobis orad gayofis faqti. C nusxaSi winasityvaobis pirveli nawili, iseve rogorc mis berZnul dedanSi, ekuTvnis 14-titlovani krebulis pirvel Semdgenels da saSualebas iZleva am winasityvaobis mixedviT zustad aRvadginoT 14-titlovani krebulis Tavdapirveli Sedgeniloba, radgan am krebulis uZvelesi redaqciis Semcveli

1 Розенкамрф, Обозрение кормчей книги в историческом виде, 1-е изд. 1829, 2-е изд., 1889. agreTve: Остроумов М., Введение в прав. церковное право, Харьков, 1893, стр. 279 (sqol.).2 pirvel rigSi: Biener F., Vorschläge zur Revision des Justinianischen Codex, 1830. agreTve: Heimbach G., Ανέκδοτα, Ι, Lipsiae, 1838, p. LXVII. Mortreuil J., Histoire du Byzantin, I, Paris. 1848, 222 da sxva.

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berZnuli xelnawerebi aRar moipoveba. winasityvaobis pirveli nawili iwyeba: ,,rameTu Ãorcni vidremde nivTierebisa maTisa Semsgavsebulisa sazrdelisa ÃumeviTa izardebian”, xolo mTavrdeba: ,,...da sxuaTa saTanadoÁsa raÁsme saÃmrisa mosTulebaÁ amier da moRebaÁ sasyidelsa moswrafebisa da gulsmodginebisasa”. Semdeg modis am statiis meore nawili, ufro swored, meore, 883w. dawerili winasityvaoba, romelsac damoukidebeli saTauri ara aqvs: ,,aw ukue awindelman aman winaSesavalman sityÂsaman JamiTgan... mieriTgan vidre mexuTed krebamdenTa kanonTa erTad Sekrebisa damdebelman pirad saqmisa keTilad srul yo aRTqumaÁ TÂsi...”

meore winasityvaobis dasawyisic naTlad gviCvenebs, rom 14-titlovani nomokanonis 883w. redaqtori da krebulis axali kanonikuri masaliT Semvsebeli Tavis winamorbedis Sesaxeb mesame pirSi kaparakobs da mis namuSevars maRal Sefasebas aZlevs.

martooden winasityvaobis orive nawilze ubralo dakvirvebidanac ki Cans, rom 14-titlovani krebulis pirvel Semdgenels, romelic VIIs. dasawyisSi moRvaweobda, Tavis krebulSi SeeZlo mxolod is masala Seetana, rac mis dros iyo cnobili, xolo VIIs-dan IXs. bolomde saeklesio cxovrebaSi dagrovili sakiTxebis Sesaxeb saeklesio dadgenilebani, romliTac TandaTanobiT ivseboda 14-titlovani krebulis Tavdapirveli redaqcia, ra Tqma unda, krebulis gviandeli SenaZenia. swored am damatebaTa Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs winasityvaobis meore nawilis, an ufro swored, meore winasityvaobis avtori, romelmac krebulSi, misive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, mexuTe msoflio krebis Semdegdroindeli masala aitana da Tavisi winamorbedis mier SemuSavebuli principebisa da meTodebis mixedviT gaanawila.

berZnuli xelnawerebis nawili d slavuri ,,kormCaia” meore winasityvaobis dasawyisSi, aSiaze Tu teqstSi, foti patriarqis saxels aRniSnaven. uZvelesi aseTi berZnuli xelnweri X_XI saukuneebisaa. rogorc Cans, am xelnawerTa Cvenebam daudo safuZveli tradicias, rom 14-titlovani nomokanonis saboloo redaqciis damuSaveba foti konstantinepolis patriarqisaTvis mieweraT da misi saboloo Camoyalibeba winasityvaobaSi dadasturebuli qronologiis safuZvelze 883 wliT ganesazRvraT. fotis avtorobis sakiTxi, romelic uyoymanodaa gaziarebuli nomokanonis XIIs. cnobili komentatorebis (balzamoni, zonara, aristine) mier, sabolood gavrcelda da ganmtkicda, sanam XIXs. meore naxevarSi isev ar gaxda sakamaTo da sapaeqro. marTalia, fotis avtorobis momxreTa ricxvi metia, magram es sakiTxi mainc jerjerobiT gadauWrel problemaTa ricxvs ekuTvnis.

qarTuli xelnawerebi miTiTebul adgilas fotis saxels ar axseneben. am ori winasityvaobis urTiertdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb saubris dros gagrZeleba

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momdevno paragrafTan (an statiasTan) dakavSirebiT mogvixdeba, aq ki erT sakiTxs gvinda SevexoT. faqtia da samecniero literaturaSi damajereblad aris aRniSnuli, rom 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis pirveli redaqcia VI msoflio krebaze adre Camoyalibda. es Cans winasityvaobis pirveli nawilidan, radgan avtoris mier krebulSi Setanili masala VI saukunis farglebs ar scildeba. es Cans iqidanac, rom avtori raRac moridebiT laparakobs im kanonebze, rac man Tavis krebulSi ioane sqolastikosis 50 titlovani krebulis Sedgenilobas daumata (karTagenis krebisa da wm. mamaTa kanonebi). es maSin, roca VI msoflio krebam daamtkica saeklesio kanonebis is Sedgeniloba, romelic 14-titlovani krebulis pirvel redaqciaSi gvqonda. naTelia, dasaxelebuli krebuli rom VI msof. krebis (691w.) Semdeg Semdgariyo, Semdgenels araviTari eWvi ar Seepareboda mis mier krebulSi Setanili masalis WeSmaritebaSi. piriqiT, VI msoflio krebam, safiqrebelia, daamtkica aRniSnuli krebulis kanonikuroba. amrigad, 14-titlovani krebulis I redaqciaSi saeklesio krebaTagan ukanaskneli qalkedonis IV msoflio krebis kanonebi iyo (V msof. krebas – 553w. – kanonebi ar daudgenia). meores mxriv, gansaxilveli winasityvaobis 883w. dawerili meore nawilis avtori aRniSnavs, rom man aRniSnul krebulSi damatebiT Seitana VI, VII msoflio da 861 da 879ww. konstantinopolis adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebi. gamodis, rom 14-titlovan kanonikur krebulSi 691w. trulis krebaze miRebuli udidesi mniSvnelobis 102 saeklesio kanoni TiTqmis 200 wlis Semdeg Sevida pirvelad kanonikur krebulSi, rac daujerebeli Cans. Cveni azriT, aramcTu VI msof. krebis kanonebis mimarT, aramed VII msoflio krebis kanonebis mimarTac Zneli dasajerebelia aRniSnuli faqti. amitom aRniSnuli winasityvaobis meore nawilis bolos moTavsebul qronologiur SeniSvnas (883w.) berZnul xelnawerebSi raRac interpolaciis niSnebi SeiZleba hqondes, xolo CamoTvlil krebaTa aRniSvna am winasityvaobaSi Semdegdroindeli TandaTanobiTi Canamati iyos.

erTi sityviT, ,,didi sjuliskanonis” aRniSnul Sesavals SenarCunebuli aqvs berZnuli dednis saxe da am saxesTan dakavSirebuli bundovanebani, rasac nawilobriv ,,didi sjuliskanonis” momdevno statiis analizi gaarkvevs.

d) ,,Tu romelTa krebaTagan da pirTa anu raodenni kanonni Sekrebul arian awindelsa amas Sina wignsa” – es statia yvela qarTul xelnawerSi Sesavali statiebis ricxvSi singuriT dawerili saTauriT aris gamoyofili da damoukidebel erTeulad miCneuli. statiis saTauris Sesabamisad, saeklesio kanonebis mocemul siaSi ,,didi sjuliskanonis” winamdebare redaqciis Sedgeniloba unda iyos warmodgenili, miT umetes, rom dasaxelebuli statia uSualod mosdevs 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis Sesavals, kerZod, mis meore nawils, romelic 14-titlovani nomokanonis saboloo 883w.

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redaqciis Camoyalibebaze mouTxrobs mkiTxvels. sinamdvileSi am sias rom 883w. 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis da agreTve ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sedgeniloba ara aqvs mxedvelobaSi, es Semdegidan Cans:

1. am siaSi mociqulTa kanonebs, romelsac VI msoflio krebam (me-2 kan.) ,,saRmrTo” uwoda, erTob eWvis elferi adevs. maT ewodebaT ,,mociqulTad saxeldebulni”, rac 883w. redaqciis nomokaninisaTvis ucnauri Cans.

2. saeklesio krebaTagan aq naxsenebi ar aris VI, VII msoflio da 394, 861 da 879ww. konstantinopolis adgilobrivi krebebi, romelic dasaxelebuli redaqciis 14-titlovani nomokanonis Sedgenilobis aucilebeli nawilia.

3. wm. mamaTa kanonebs Soris ar aris: aTanase didis, grigoli RmrTismetyvelisa da mfiloqe ikonielis kanoniani epistoleebi.

4. zogierTi saeklesio krebis kanonTa ricxvi am siis mixedviT ar Seesabameba 883w. nomokanonis redaqciisa da did sjuliskanonSi Sesul amave krebis kanonTa ricxvs (neokesar. krebis kanonebi am siaSi 14-ia, ,,did sjuliskanonSi” – 15 da sxva).

SesaZlebelia, dagvebados eWvi, rom qarTuli Targmani ar gadmoscems berZnuli dednis saxes da es xarvezebi mTargmnelisa Tu gadamwerebisaa. es eWvi gaZlierdeba, Tuki vityviT, rom G nusxaSi es xarvezebi Sevsebulia saeklesio krebaTa kanonebis mimarT, rogorc es Cans Cven mier zemoT motanili Sedgenilobidan, sadac es statia sruli teqstiT warmovadgineT. G nusxa am statiaSi CamoTvlis konstantinopolis 394 wlis, VI da VII msoflio da 861, 879 konstantiopolis saeklesio krebebsac.

amave Sedgeilobidan Cans, rom C nusxis analogiuri sia, marTalia, usworod da arasrulad, magram mainc CamoTvlis VII msoflio krebas (+foti(!) patriarqis epistoles andriane papis mimarT), 861 da 879ww. konstantinopolis adgilobriv krebebs.

gasarkvevia ABE nusxebSia daculi am statiis Targmanis Tavdapirveli saxe (DF, rogorc aRvniSneT zemoT, am nawilSi defeqturia da Sevsebuli XVIIIs.), Tu G nusxaSi?

uZvelesi berZnuli xelnawerebis sakmaod didi nawili1 am sias swored ise warmogvidgens, rogorc es ABE nusxebSi gvaqvs (gamonakliss Seadgens konstantinopolis 394w. kreba, romelic aRniSnul qarTul nusxebSi ar aris – amis Sesaxeb qvemoT), Tumca TviT am berZnul xelnawerTa teqstis im nawilSi, sadac saeklesio kanonebis sruli teqstebia warmodgenili, Setanilia am siaSi ,,gamorCenili” Tu ,,gamotovebuli” saeklesio krebaTa kanonebis teqstebic, zustad iseve, rogorc es ,,did sjuliskanonSi” gvaqvs. aqedan aSkaraa, rom ABE

1 В.Н. Бенешевич, Канонический сборник XIV титулов, стр. 53. aq CamoTvlilia xelnawerebi, romlebic fotis saxels miuTiTeben.

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nusxebSi romeliRac berZnuli xelnaweris suraTia gadmotanili da qarTul xelnawerTa xarvezis Sesaxeb laparaki zedmetia.

rogorc Cans, dasaxelebuli sia arc ,,did sjuliskanonSi” da arc misi msgavsi Sedgenilobis berZnul xelnawerebSi Tavis Tavdapirvel adgilze ar zis. uZveles berZnul xelnawerebSi, rodesac maT SedgenilobaSi jer kidev ar iyo Setanili 883 wlis winasityvaoba, saeklesio kanonebis aRniSnuli sia 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis pirveli winasityvaobis Semdeg unda yofiliyo.1 883w. winasityvaoba (meore Sesavali) Tavdapirvelad, Cans, am siis Semdeg moTavsda, xolo mogvianebiT kanonikuri krebulis romeliRac redaqtorma Tu gadamwerma is pirvel winasityvaobasa da kanonTa sias Soris Casva rogorc es dRes gvaqvs 14-titlovani nomokanonis umravles berZnul xelnawerSi da ,,did sjuliskanonSi” (agreTve 14-titlovani nomokanonis berZnuli teqstis yvela beWdur gamocemaSi).

dasaxelebuli sia rom 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis pirveli Semdgenlis winasityvaobis nawilia da misi Sinaarsobrivi gagrZeleba, rom es sia gadmogvcems 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis uZvelesi, Tavdapirveli redaqciis Sedgenilobas, mtkicdeba Semdegi faqtebiT:

1. I winasityvaobaSi, romelic ekuTvnis 14-tit. kanonikuri krebulis pirvel Semdgenels, VII saukunis avtors, mociqulT kanonebi raRac eWviT aqvs moxseniebuli: ,,...da ara amaT xolo, aramed wmidaTa mociqulTad saxeldebulTaca maTi, daRaTu vieTnime iWuneul hyofen maT romelTame mizezTaTÂs”2. dasaxelebul siaSic maT ,,wmidaTa mociqulTad saxeldebulni” ewodebaT, rac berZnulis zusti Targmania: οι λεγόμενοι των αγίων αποστόλων3.

2. I winasityvaobis avtori aRniSnavs: ,,Ãel-vyav TiToeulsa Jamsa Sina qmnilTa aTTa wmidaTa krebaTa mier... dasxmulTa... kanonTa erTad SemokrebaÁ”4. es is aTi krebaa, romelic jer kidev ioane sqolastikoss hqonda Setanili Tavis 50-titlovan krebulSi. avtori agrZelebs Tavisi saqmianobis Sesaxeb Txrobas da aRniSnavs, rom man pirvelma gamoiyena Tavis krebulSi karTagenis krebis kanonebi.

1 v. narbekovs (Номоканон натр. Фотия, стр. 91-92) gamoTqmuli aqvs varaudi, rom 883w. winasityvaobis avtorma es danamati 14-titlovani nomokanonis iseT nusxaSi Seitana, romelic 14-titlovani krebulis I redaqciis SedgenilobiT iyo moRweuli, Torem unda arsebuliyo IXsauk. gacilebiT adre iseTi nusxebi, romelSic Setanili iqneboda VI da VII msoflio krebaTa kanonebi. mxolod 861 da 879w. konstantinepolis krebaTa kanonebi SeiZleba Seetana pirvelad 883w. winasityvaobis avtors 14-titlovani nomokanonis SemadgenlobaSi.2 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSr., gv. 86-90; Pitra, II, 450-451.3 ramdenime berZnul xelnawerSi 883w. meore winasityvaoba saerTod ar aris, amitom es siac I winasityvaobis Semdeg aris moTavsebuli. zogjer ki 883w. winasityvaoba mosdevs dasaxelebul sias, ix. beneSeviCis dasax. naSromi, gv. 52-53.4 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 103,31.

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dasaxelebul siaSi saeklesio krebaTa kanonebis CamoTvla swored am masaliT Semoifargleba.

3. saeklesio kanonebis CamoTvlas mosdevs vrceli SeniSvna siaSi mocemuli saeklesio krebaTa dalagebis qronologiuri principebidan gadaxvevis SemTxvevebisa da maTi gamomwvevi mizezebis Sesaxeb. es SeniSvna I winasityvaobis organuli gagrZelebaa. SeniSvnaSi vkiTxulobT: ,,egreTve arkadis da onoris mefeTa ze kostantinopolis Semokrebulsa yovelTa uukanaÁsknelesi wesi xudomies...”1 am sityvebis mixedviT saeklesio krebaTa kanonebis CamoTvlisas am siaSi dasaxelebuli konstantinepolis 394w. kreba rigiT (,,wesi”) sul bolo unda yofiliyo, marTlac, zog berZnul xelnawerSi dasaxelebuli sia am krebis erTi kanonis aRniSvniT mTavrdeba2 (ra Tqma unda, saeklesio krebaTa saTvalavSi, Torem mas ,,wm. mamaTa” kanonebi mosdevs). ,,didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli nusxebis dasaxelebul statiaSi (garda G-si) konstantinepolis aRniSnuli kreba ar gvaqvs, magram TviT SeniSvna, romelic zemoT vaxseneT, gviCvenebs, rom unda gvqonoda. es ki, Cans, Targmnisdroindeli Tu gadamweris mier daSvebuli xarvezia. ABCDF nusxaTa ZiriTad teqstSi es knoni damoukidebel erTeulad ar aris aRqmuli, mas sxvebis msgavsad rigiTi saTvalavi ara aqvs, gagebulia karTagebis krebis nawilad. amitom xom ar gamoutovebia is am nusxaTa dasaxelebul sias?

4. dasaxelebul siaSi aTanase aleqsandrielis, grigol nazianzelis da amfiloqe ikonielis kanonebis aRuniSvneloba gamowveulia swored im mizeziT, rom 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis I redaqciaSi es kanonebi jer kidev Setanili ar yofila3.

erTi sityviT, 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis VII sauk. Semdgenelma Tavis winasityvaobas krebulis Sedgenilobis siac daurTo, iseve, rogorc es ioane sqolastikosma gaakeTa 50-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis winasityvaobaSi (ix. didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 107-109).

rogorRa avxsnaT is faqti, rom G xelnaweris dasaxelebuli statia saeklesio krebaTa kanonebis sias iseTi SedgenilobiT warmogvidgens, romelic VIIs. 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis Sedgenilobas ki ar Seesabameba, aramed 14-titlovani nomokanonis saboloo 883w. redaqcias? es faqtic berZnul xelnawerebis mixedviT unda aixsnas:

mas Semdeg, rac 14-titlovani nomokanonis saboloo redaqcia Camoyalibda, am krebulis redaqtorma (amjerad ara aqvs mniSvneloba, is foti patriarqi iyo Tu ara) krebulSi misi saqmianobis amsaxveli winasityvaobac Seitana, magram

1 Pitra, II, 450, Бенешевич, dasax. naSr. gv. 87.2 didi sjuliskanoni gv. 103-104.3 М. Остроумов, dasax. naSromi, gv. 288.

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misi winamorbedis, VIIs. avtoris winasityvaoba, romelsac erTvoda am uZvelesi krebulis Sedgenilobis sia, xeluxleblad datova. Tavdapirvelad, rogorc aRvniSneT, meore winasityvaoba Zveli krebulis Sedgenilobis aRmricxveli siis Semdeg moTavsda, magram ucnob redaqtors Tu gadamwers mizanSewonilad miuCnevia meore winasityvaobis pirveli Sesavlis uSualo gagrZelebad gadmotana da amitom dasaxelebuli siac gaerTianebuli winasityvaobis gagrZeleba aRmoCnda. misi axali mdebareobis gamo droTa ganmavlobaSi es sia meore winasityvaobis gagrZelebad da 14-titlovani krebulis saboloo redaqciis Sedgenilobis amsaxvelad miiCnies da amitom is Seavses im saeklesio krebaTa kanonebiT, romelTa 14-titlovani krebulis saboloo redaqciaSi Setanis Sesaxeb meore winasityvaoba dawvrilebiT laparakobs: VI, VII msoflio krebaTa, 861 da 879ww. konstantinopolis adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebiT. am siaSic ar aris aTanase didis, grigol nazianzelisa da amfiloqe ikonielis kanonebi, radgan maT Sesaxeb meore winasityvaobaSic araferia naTqvami, Torem 883w. 14-titlovani nomokanonSi am kanonTa teqstebi Setanili iyo.

ase unda warmoSobiliyo dasaxelebuli siis meore, Sevsebuli varianti, romelic gvaqvs umetes berZnul xelnawerebSi da 14-titlovani nomokanonis berZnuli teqstis ZiriTad publikaciebSi.1

amrigad, ,,didi sjuliskanonis” ABE nusxebis dedani iseTi berZnuli xelnaweris Targmans warmoadgens, romelSic dasaxelebuli sia, marTalia, Tavis Tavdapirvel adgilas aRar iyo da meore winasityvaobis Semdeg iyo moTavsebuli, magram mas SenarCunebuli hqonda 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis VIIs. Sedgeniloba. G nusxaSi (Tu mis qarTul dedanSi) ki es sia nasworebia iseTi berZnuli xelnaweris mixedviT (amis Sesaxeb qvemoT), romelSic igi ukve Sevsebuli iyo meore winasityvaobis monacemebis safuZvelze.

ufro gaurkvevelia C nusxis Cveneba. dasaxelebul siaSi am xelnaweris mixedviT ABF nusxebTan SedarebiT karTagenis krebisa da dionise aleqsandrielis kanonebs Soris Camatebulia:

1) meorisa nikiisa krebisa kanonni i z (!)2) foti (!) patriarqisa epistole papa andrianes mimarT3) pirvelad da meored kostantinepolis Sekrebulisa krebisa kanonni iz.4) munve kostantinepolis taZarsa Sina RmrTismetyuelisa ioanes (!)

Sekrebulisa krebisa kanonni g.aqvs Tu ara am Camatebebs raime safuZveli?1. jer erTi, am siis aseT Sedgenilobas ar icnobs arc erTi berZnuli

xelnaweri (am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs beneSeviCisa – Канон. сборник XIV тит. da Pitra-s Sromebi aRniSnuli xelnawerebi da am krebulis publikaciebi).

1 Pitra, II, 450-451. aTenis sintagma, I, 10-12.

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2. arafriT gamarTlebuli ar aris am siaSi VI msoflio krebis kanonebis gamotoveba, radgan warmoudgenelia 14-titlovani krebulis iseTi varianti, romelSic iqneba nikiis VII msoflio krebis kanonebi da ar iqneba masze adrindeli VI msoflio krebis kanonebi, piriqiT ki SesaZlebeli iyo.

3. nikiis VII msoflio krebam miiRo 22 kanoni da ara 18, rogorc am siaSia.4. ,,foti patriarqis epistole papa adrianes mimarT” uazrobaa da anaqronizmia.

unda iyos ,,tarasi patriarqis epistole papa adrianes mimarT”. kidec rom sworad eweros patriarqis saxeli, mainc ar aris cnobili am siis iseTi varianti, arc berZnulad da arc qarTulad, romelSic es epistole damoukideblad iyos aRricxuli aseT siaSi. uZveles berZnul xelnawerebSi is nikiis VII msoflio krebasTan erTad igulisxmeba, xolo gviandelebSi gadatanilia ,,wm. mamaTa” epistoleebis rigSi ukanasknel adgilze.

5. konstantinopolis 879w. adgilobrivi (TviT kanonebis teqstSi VIII msoflio krebad miCneuli) krebis saxelwodebaSi ,,ioane” saxelis aRniSvna mxolod am xelnawerSi gvaqvs da igi uadgiloa.

damowmebuli faqtebis safuZvelze SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom C xelnawerSi warmodgenili sia aRniSnuli xelnaweris qarTuli dednis gadamweris TviTneburi Camatebis nayofi unda iyos. aseTi varaudi upirveles yovlisa Semdeg garemoebas iTvaliswinebs: C xelnaweris ZiriTadad nawilSi, kanonTa teqstebSi (gv. 402) nikiis VII msoflio krebis kanonebi me-17 kanoniT mTavrdeba da mas mosdevs gadamweris SeniSvna: ,,aq aklia dedisagan”, Semdeg ki uSualod tarasis epistole modioda. Cans, rom C nusxis qarTul dedans es xarvezi aRniSnuli ar hqonda da masSi nikiis VII msoflio kreba dasaxelebuli 17 kanoniT iyo warmodgenili. swored aqedan SeiZleba gadasuliyo aRniSnul siaSi nikiis VII msoflio krebis kanonebis aRsaniSnavad ,,iz” (17) ricxvi. sxvagvarad C nusxis ganxiluli siis ucnaurobaTa da uzustobaTa axsna SeuZlebelia.

amrigad, ,,didi sjuliskanonis” ABE nusxebma Semogvinaxa 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis uZvelesi, VII saukunis redaqciis Sedgeniloba aRniSnuli saeklesio kanonebis siis saxiT. aqve davsZenT, rom 14-titlovani krebulis I redaqciis berZnuli xelnawerebi, romlebic am siaSi mocemuli Sedgenilobis teqstebs Seicavdnen, cnobili ar aris. qarTul nusxaTa Cvenebani sagrZnoblad aadvileben 14-titlovani krebulis I redaqciis SedgenilobasTan dakavSirebuli sakamaTo sakiTxebis garkvevas.

sistematuri nawili. redaqciebis sakiTxisaTvis

,,didi sjuliskanonis” sistematuri nawili sxva araferia, Tu ara am Zeglis ZiriTadi, saeklesio kanonTa teqstebis Secveli nawilis sarCevi. am sarCevis mixedviT advili mosaZebnia, ama Tu im saeklesio sakiTxis Sesaxeb Tu romeli

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kanonebi iZlevian amomwurav pasuxs. Tu am sakiTxis irgliv saeklesio kanonebi gvainteresebs, misi moZebna Zeglis ZiriTad nawilSi SeiZleba, xolo Tu imave sakiTxis Sesaxeb samoqalaqo kanonmdebloba (Tuki aseTi kanoni arsebobs) – samoqalaqo kanonis teqsti (perifraza), uSualod iqve, sarCevSivea mocemuli.

sistematuri nawili ori ganyofilebisagan Sedgeba, Tumca mas saerTo saTauri aqvs ,,nawilni kanonebrivTa ganwesebaTani da TiToeulisa nawilisa da SesatyÂsTa TavTani”. Tu rogor aris sistematuri nawili warmodgenili qarTul nusxebSi, amis Sesaxeb ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sedgenilobis aRwerisas (gv. 28) vilaparakebT.

ABCDEF nusxebSi sistematuri nawilis pirveli ganyofileba berZnuli dednis analogiuria: saeklesio sakiTxebis is jgufi, romelTa Sesaxeb saeklesio kanonebia gamotanili, gayofilia 14 nawilad (titlosad). TiToeul nawils aqvs Tavisi saTauri. TiToeuli nawili Seicavs Tavebis met-nakleb raodenobas. sistematuri nawilis pirvel ganyofilebaSi CamoTvlilia mxolod TiToeuli titlosisa da masSi Semavali Tavebis saxelwodebani.

meore ganyofileba Tavidan imeorebs titlosebis rigs, saTaurebsa da misi Semcveli Tavebis saxelwodebebs, oRond TiToeul Tavs axlavs saeklesio kanonebze miTiTeba da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo kanonis teqsti, an mxolod miTiTeba samoqalaqo kodeqsis wignebze.

marto G nusxa ar Seicavs sistematuri nawilis pirvel ganyofilebas mTeli sistematuri nawilis saTauriTurT. G nusxas berZnul xelnawerebSi paraleli ar eZebneba, amitom es operacia am nusxis gadamwer-redaqtors unda mivaweroT, riTac Zegls araferi daklebia, xolo xelnaweris moculoba ki Semcirda.

sistematuri nawilis meore ganyofileba safuZvels gvaZlevs ,,didi sjuliskanonis” teqstis am monakveTSi ori gansxvavebuli redaqciis Sesaxeb vilaparakoT. qarTul nusxaTa pirvel (ABCDF) da meore (EG) jgufis xelnawerTa gansxvaveba am nawilSi mxolod samoqalaqo kanonebis teqstebs exeba.

,,didi sjuliskanonis” Targmnis istoriasTan dakavSirebiT aRvniSneT, rom dasaxelebuli kanonikuri krebuli mxolod erTxel aris Targmnili qarTulad, amdenad misi redaqciebis Sesaxeb msjeloba erTi SexedviT uadgilod SeiZleba mogveCvenos, magram ABCDF da EG nusxebs Soris sistematur nawilSi fiqsirebuli TvalsaCino gansxvaveba safuZvels gvaZlevs ,,didi sjuliskanonis” dasaxelebul nawilSi ori gansxvavebuli redaqciis arseboba davadasturoT.

marTalia, arsen iyalToelis mier Targmnili teqsti ucvlelad aris daculi ,,didi sjuliskanonis” yvela qarTul xelnawerSi, magram EG nusxebi, rogorc iTqva, sistematur nawilSi Setanil samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis teqstebs gacilebiT vrclad warmogvidgenen, vidre ABCDF nusxebi (H-s es nawili aklia). ABCDF nusxebSi, sistematuri nawilis meore ganyofilebaSi, romelSic Sesulia titlosebis (nawilebis) dasaxeleba, TiToeul titlosSi gamoyofili Tavebis saxelwodebaTa aRniSvniT da saeklesio kanonebze miTiTebiT, romelsac zogjer

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samoqalaqo kanonebis sruli teqstic erTvis, 1. an samoqalaqo kanonebze mxolod miTiTebas Seicavs, 14-titlovani nomokanonis berZnul xelnawerebTan SedarebiT, samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis teqstebi Zalze Sekvecilia. E da G nusxebis analogiuri nawili ki avsebs am danakliss da samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis masala aq iseTive sisruliTaa warmodgenili, rogoc es berZnul xelnawerebSi gvaqvs.

gasarkvevia, ABCDF xelnawerebSi gvaqvs daculi ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Tavdapirveli Targmanis suraTi, Tu EG nusxebSi, e.i. arsen iyalToelma iseTi

1 samoqalaqo kanonebSi igulisxmeba berZnul-romauli saxelmwifo xelisuflebis mier saeklesio sakiTxebis Sesaxeb gamotanili kanonmdebloba. iustiniane didis dros (527-565ww.) manmade arsebuli romis samarTlis wyaroebi kritikuli gadasinjvis sagani gaxda da Camoyalibda gansakuTrebuli krebulebis saxiT, romlebmac Secvales winadroindeli krebulebi (mag. Teodosis kodeqsi da sxv.).iustinianes droindeli samoqalaqo samarTlis krebulebi Semdegia:1. Codex constitutionum, romlis pirveli redaqcia 529 wels Camoyalibda, xolo meore, ufro srulyofili – 534w., Seicavs imperatorTa kanonebs adrianedan (117w.) moyolebuli iustiniane imperatoris mier 534w. gamocemul bolo kanonamde. arsebobs Codex-is 12 wigni, TiToeulSi titlosTa didi raodenobaa. I wignis 13 titlosi exeba saeklesio sakiTxebs.2. Digesta anu Pandectae warmoadgens iustinianes kanonTa meore krebuls, romelic 50 wigns Seicavs. gamocemulia 533w. 16 dekembers. krebulSi Sesulia Zveli romis samarTlis dadgenilebani, Semonaxuli uZveles iuristTa sxvadasxva SromebSi, romelTac iustinianes dros praqtikuli mniSvneloba hqondaT. bevri nawyveti am wignebidan Sesulia 14-titlovan nomokanonSi.3. Institutiones iustinianes mesame krebulia, romelic warmoadgenda meTodologiur saxelmZRvanelos samarTlis im masalis SemswavlelTaTvis, rasac kodeqsi da digesta moicavda. moqmedebaSi iyo 533w. 30 dekembridan. krebuli Sedgeba 4 wignisagan, TiToeuli wigni – titlosebisagan, xolo titlosebi – mokle ganyofilebebisagan (paragrafebisagan).4. Novellae constitutions-Si Sesulia is kanonebi, romlebic iustinianem gamoaqveyna kodeqsis (534w.) gamoqveynebis Semdeg, amitom ewodeba maT ,,axali kanonebi”. es novelebi krebulSi gaerTianda mxolod iustinianes sikvdilis Semdeg. arsebobs 5 aseTi krebuli, romelTagan pirveli – 168 novelis Semcveli – 14-titlovan nomokanonSia gamoyenebuli.marTlmadidebluri eklesia sakuTari interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis CamoTvlili kodeqsebis mixedviT adgenda specialur krebulebs, romlebSic Tavmoyrili iyo samoqalaqo samarTlis wignebidan amokrebili adgilebi saeklesio sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, ZiriTad samoqalaqo kanonTa perifrazirebuli teqstiT. cnobilia sami aseTi krebuli, romlebic aRmosavleTis eklesiis mier iyo Sedgenili: 1. Collectio 87 capitulorum, ioane sqolastikosis mier Sedgenili (565-578ww. Sua) iustinianes novelebis (6,5,83,46,120,56,57,3,32,131,67 da gansak. 123, romlisagan 60 Tavia – 28 - 87 - Sedgenili) safuZvelze. samoqalaqo kanonTa es krebuli gamoyenebulia 50-titlovani nomokanonis Sedgenis dros. 2. Collectio 25 capitulorum Sedgenili unda iyos iraklis mefobamde (610-640). krebuli dayofilia 25 Tavad, romelTaganac pirveli 21 Seicavs ocdaerTi imperatoris mier gamocemul kanonebs iustinianes kodeqsidan, xolo bolo 4 Tavi – 137,133 da 120 novelebs da 123 novelis or Tavs. 3. Collectio constitutionum anda Collectio tripartite an kidev Paratitla Seicavs iustinianes sakanonmdeblo yvela wignidan (kodeqsi, digestoni, institutioni da novelebi) amokrebil adgilebs eklesiis Sesaxeb. gayofilia sam ganyofilebad, aqedanaa saxelwodebac. pirvel ganyofilebaSi Sesulia vrceli nawyvetebi iustinianes kodeqsis I wignis pirveli 13 titlosidan Sesabamisi paraleluri adgilebiT kodeqsis sxva titlosebidan da novelebidan. meore ganyofileba Seicavs eqvs titloss, amokrebuls digestebidan da instituciebidan, rac exeba wmida sagnebs. mesame Sedgenilia 34 novelidan da exeba episkoposebs, dabali ierarqiis pirT, monazvnebs, agreTve eretikosebs, ebraelebs da samaritelebs. am krebuls damatebis saxiT erTvis imperator iraklis oTxi novela.

swored es krebulia 14-titlovani nomokanonis ZiriTadi wyaro samoqalaqo kanonebis nawilSi.dawvrilebiT aq moxseniebul samoqalaqo krebulT Sesaxeb literatura da gamocemani ix. Никодим-

is naSromis sqolioebSi: Правос. церковное право, СПБ, 1897, стр. 133-138; 193-195.

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sisruliT Targmna Zegli1, rogorc es EG nusxebSia dadasturebuli, da Sekveca Targmanis erT-erTi gadamweris iniciativa iyo, Tu piriqiT, arsenma sakuTari iniciativiT Seamokla Targmnis dros berZnuli dedani, xolo gvian axalma mTargmnelma Seavso arsenis Targmanis danaklisi adgilebi ise, rom arsenis TargmanisaTvis xeli ar uxlia. dasaxelebul nusxaTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi dRes ukve garkveulia; qarTuli Targmanis pirveli saxe pirveli jgufis xelnawerebma Semogvinaxa, xolo EG xelnwerebi ufro gviandeli viTaremis maCvenebelia2.

upirvelesi sabuTi aRniSnulisa aris EG xelnwerebSi Setanili arsenis TargmanTan SedarebiT zedmeti fenis gviandeli enobrivi monacemebi. es gansakuTrebiT naTeli xdeba iseTi adgilebis mixedviT, rodesac romelime saeklesio sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT arsens dauwyia samoqalaqo kanonis Targmna, magram mxolod dasawyisi nawili uTargmnia, xolo EG nusxebSi arseniseuli Targmani ama Tu im samoqalaqo kanonis dasawyisisa ZiriTadad xeluxleblad aris datovebuli, misi gagrZeleba ki axali TargmaniTaa warmodgenili (ix. I titlosis nawilis Tav. g (3), l v(36), II, titl. Tav. I da sxv.). saerTod, arsenis TargmanTan SedarebiT EG xelnwerebiseuli damatebiT naTargmni adgilebis ena gacilebiT xelovnuri da mZimea, winadadebaTa struqtura ufro rTuli da berZnuli dednis gavleniTaa gakeTebuli. EG xelnwerebSi SemorCenilia ramdenime iseTi adgili, sadac ABCDF xelnawerebis samoqalaqo kanonis arsenis Targmanis nacvlad amave adgilis xelmeore, ufro gviandeli Targmania moTavsebuli, mag.:

Zveli Targmani: ,,xolo samoqalaqo sjulTa ganwesebaÁ ityÂs, viTarmed monani, romelni Tana-saTno-yofiTa ufalTa maTTaÁTa monazon iqmnen, ganTavisufldebian monebisagan, xolo ukueTu dauteon monazonebaÁ da sxÂsa cxorebisa mimarT moiqcnen, mona iqmnebian kualad”3 – AB tipis xelnawerebSi.

gviandeli Targmani amave adgilisa: ,,xolo ocdameaTSÂdmete ganwesebaÁ mesamisa nawilisa wignisa kodikoÁsa ityÂs: viTarmed: monani jer-CinebiTa TÂsTa ufalTaÁTa monazonqmnilni, Tavisufal iqmnebian, xolo ukeTu damtevebelTa moRuawebisaTa sxÂsa qcevisa mimarT gardaviden, kualad daimoneben maT”4.

sxva xelSesaxeb faqtebTan erTad motanili magaliTi eWvs ar tovebs, rom EG xelnwerebis msgavsi zedmeti adgilebi xelnawerebis gviandeli Senamatia.

motanil paralelur Targmanebs, kidev oriode msgavsi magaliTais mimatebiT, erTgvari disonansi Seaqvs EG da AB tipis xelnawerTa urTierTdamokidebulebaSi,

1 Sead. Pitra, II, 458-636. aT. sintagma, I, 35-335 (balzamonis komentarebiT). Sead. agreTve Бенешевич, dasax. naSr., gv. 135-145.2 g. ninua, ,,didi sjuliskanonis” sistematuri nawili, mravalTavi, III, Tb., 1973, gv. 15-17.3 didi sjuliskanoni gv. 181,124.4 iqve, gv. 181 (sqolio) G (H - 1670) 41 v.

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radgan Cven aRvniSnavT, rom EG xelnawerebi ZiriTadad arc asworeben da arc xelmeored Targmnian iseT masalas, rac ukve gvaqvs ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Tavdapirveli Targmanis teqstSi: isini umateben mxolod imas, rac ar aris pirvel TargmanSi berZnul dedanTan SedarebiT. motanil magaliTSi ki am principebis darRveva gvaqvs. ram gamoiwvia imave adgilis xelmeored Targmnis saWiroeba?

samoqalaqo kanonebis Sesaxeb ukve vTqviT, rom ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Tavdapirvel TargmanSi maTi ricxvi da moculoba specialurad aris Semcirebuli arsen iyalToelis mier, albaT, im motiviT, rom bizantiuri saxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdebloba da isic iseTi Zveli sakanonmdeblo wignebidan gamokrebili, romelTa nawils ukve dakarguli hqonda praqtikuli mniSvneloba TviT bizantiaSic, qarTuli eklesiisa da sazogadoebriobisaTvis TiTqmis araviTar interess aRar warmoadgenda. xSirad iqac ki, sadac maTi motana arsen iyalToels mainc saWirod miuCnevia, konkretulad ar aris dasaxelebuli esa Tu is samoqalaqo kanoni kodeqsis romeli wignidanaa amoRebuli, rogorc es berZnul dedanSia, da mxolod aseTi zogadi miTiTebiT kmayofildeba: ,,xolo samoqalaqo sjulTa ganwesebaÁ ityÂs”. EG xelnawerebSi es zogadi miTiTebani yovelTvis samoqalaqo samarTlis konkretul wignebze da kanonebze miTiTebiT aris Secvlili mag.: ,,xolo ocdameaTSÂdmete ganwesebis mesamisa nawilisa pirvelisa kodikoÁsaÁ ityÂs”.

aseTi magaliTebi sakmao odenobiT SeiZleba daiZebnos, magram am SemTxvevaSi Cven sxva ram gvainteresebs. zemoT motanil citatSi, sadac erTi da igive teqstis orjer Targmnis SemTxveva dasturdeba, Zveli Targmani, rogorc vxedavT, samoqalaqo kanonebze mxolod zogad miTiTebas Seicavs: ,,xolo samoqalaqoTa sjulTa ganwesebaÁ ityÂs”, rac Cveulebisamebr EG nusxebs konkretuli miTiTebiT unda Seecvala, rac gakeTebulia kidec. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom AB tipis xelnawerebSi, saidanac zemoT motanili Zveli Targmanis nimuSia aRebuli, samoqalaqo kanonis teqsts me-9 titulis 32-e TavSi mxolod amowerili citati Seadgens, xolo berZnulSi mis gagrZelebad sakmao sididis teqstia warmodgenili, rac EG tipis xelnawerTa redaqtor-mTargmnels unda gadmoeTargmna, naTeli gaxdeba, rom mas Targmna dasawyisidanve dauwyia, TiTqos daviwyebia, rom am kanonis pirveli abzaci ukve Zveli mTargmnelis mier iyo gadmoRebuli, xolo aq mxolod zogi miTiTeba konkretuliT unda Seecvala.

aseve unda aixsnas meore msgavsi magaliTic: II titlosis pirveli Tavi AB tipis xelnawerebSi Seicavs sakmaod vrcel amonawers samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobidan, romelic mTavrdeba abzaciT: ,,xolo Jami qmnisa anu micemisaÁ danateobisaÁ mis, egera zemo moÃsenebul ars, romlisa Sinagan jer ars qmnaÁ da SenebaÁ, anu sxÂsa SemZlebelisada micemaÁ misi. xolo mTavarni adgilTani

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aiZulebded amisa qmnad”1. berZnul dedanSi Sesabamisi teqsti didi moculobis gagrZelebiTaa warmodgenili, rac EG tipis xelnawerTa redaqtor-mTargmnels uTargmnia kidec, magram axal TargmanSi ara marto Zveli Targmanis gagrZelebaa mocemuli, aramed cota metic, motanili citatis xelmeore Targmanic. ,,xolo ukueTu memamuleni brZanebul iqmnnes Semdgomad aRsrulebisa misisa yofad anderZisa anu micemad, zemoTqmuli Jami aRiricxuvoden Semdgomad cxorebisagan ganslvisa misisa aRsrulebad saqmisa mis da mTavarnica aiZulebded maT aRsrulebad”...2.

damowmebuli masala eWvs ar tovebs, rom arsen iyalToelis mier ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Targmns teqsti, romelic AB tipis xelnawerebSia warmodgenili, misi sistematuri nawilis meore ganyofilebaSi EG nusxebis mixedviT Sevsebulia iyalToelis mier specialurad uaryofili samoqalaqo kanonebis iseTive sruli teqstiT, rogorc es berZnul dedanSi iyo mocemuli.

Cven amJamad ar SevudgebiT punqtobrivad im gansxvavebaTa Cvenebas, romelsac EG nusxebi iZlevian ABCDF nusxebTan samoqalaqo kanonebis teqstTa sisrulis sakiTxSi, radgan didi sjuliskanoni teqstSi es advili gasarkvevia (EG damatebani, yvelgan gansxvavebuli SriftiTaa awyobili). aq SevexebiT mxolod im gansxvavebebs, romelsac EG xelnawerTa teqstebi iZlevian berZnul xelnawerebTan da publikaciebTan SedarebiT samoqalaqo kanonebis wignTa, maTi Tavebisa da ganwesebaTa ricxobriv maCveneblebze miTiTebebSi. miT umetes, rom es gansxvavebani teqstis gamocemis variantebSi ar aisaxa, im motiviT, rom TviT berZnuli xelnawerebi da maTi publikaciebi xSirad erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul suraTs iZlevian da amdenad ver gadavwyviteT, marTebulia Tu ara berZnuli gamocemis mixedviT, teqstis Sesworeba, Tu misi Secdomebis aRniSvna maSin, rodesac darwmunebuli ara varT qarTul nusxaSia Secdoma Tu berZnulSi?

jer aRvniSnavT berZnuli 14-titlovani nomokanonis titulebis im Tavebs (beneSeviCis zemodasax. naSromSi berZnul xelnawerebis Sesaxeb mocemuli cnobebis, Pitra-s da ,,aTenis sitagmis” gamocemebis safuZvelze), romlebSic samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobidan araferi ar aris Setanili. es TavisTavad gulisxmobs imas, rom ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sesabamis nawilSi aseTive suraTi gvaqvs3.

1 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 138, 23.2 iqve, gv. 138-23.3 am gansxvavebaTa vrceli CamonaTvali ix. `didi sjuliskanonis gamocemaSi, gv. 53-59.

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E da G nusxebis urTierTmimarTebisaTvis

,,didi sjuliskanonis” sistematuri nawilis mixedviT Cans, rom EG xelnawerebi ABCDF nusxebTan SedarebiT gansxvavebul redaqcias gvaZleven. es naTelia ara marto imiT, rom EG nusxebSi samoqalaqo kanonebi berZuli dedniseuli sisruliT aris gadmocemuli, aramed imiTac, rom Cven mier sistematur nawilSi aRnusxuli gansxvavebani Tu lafsusebi berZnul xelnawerebTan SedarebiT EG xelnawerebSi TiTqmis erTnairad aris warmodgenili, amitom SegveZlo gvefiqra, rom EG xelnawerebi erTmaneTis zust ganmeorebas warmoadgenen. sinamdvileSi am or xelnawers imdeni ganmasxvavebeli niSani aqvs, rom maTi urTierTmimarTeba ar SeiZleba ase martivad warmovidginoT.

udavoa, rom samoqalaqo kanonTa teqstis is nawili, romelic ABCDF xelnawerebSi ar aris da mxolod am or xelnawerSi gvaqvs, absoluturad erTi da igivea. magram rogorRa unda avxsnaT E da G xelnawerebs Soris dadasturebuli Semdegi gansxvavebani?

1) G xelnawerSi warmodgenili ,,ganwesebani ...pavlesni” da ,,ganwesebani petre da pavlesni” E xelnawerSi ar aris, iseve rogorc sxva nusxebSi.

2) E nusxas, iseve rogorc ABCDF nusxebs, sistematuri nawilis meore ganyofilebaSi aqvs xarvezi: I titlosis me-4 Tavis saTauris Semdeg gamotovebulia saeklesio kanonebze miTiTeba da momdevno me-5 Tavis saTauri. G nusxaSi yvelaferi Tavis adgilzea.

3) E nusxaSi ABCDF –is msgavsad sistematuri nawili ori ganyofilebiT aris warmodgenili, G nusxas ki pirveli ganyofileba ar aqvs.

4) Sesaval statiaSi - ,,Tu romelTa krebaTagan da pirTa anu raodenni kanonni Sekrebul arian awindelsa amas Sina wignsa” - E nusxa zustad igive suraTs gviCvenebs, rogorsac ABCDF nusxebi: saeklesio kanonTa siaSi karTagenis krebis dionise aleqsandrielis kanonebi mosdevs, maSin rodesac G nusxaSi maT Soris 5 saeklesio krebis kanonebia Camatebuli (ix. ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sedgeniloba zemoT, gv. 26. G nusxis zemoT ukve vilaparakeT).

5) amave statiaSi E nusxa ABCDF xelnawerebis msgavsad Teofile aleqsandrielis ,,filoTeos aleqsandrielis” formiT ixseniebs, xolo G-s gasworebuli aqvs ,,Teofiled”, iseve, rogorc es yvela cnobil berZnul xelnawerebSi aris.

6) ,,didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTad nawilSi E nusxa, ABCDF xelnawerebis msgavsad, Rangris krebis saTaurSi SecdomiT ankÂriis krebas asaxelebs, G nusxaSi es Secdoma gasworebulia.

7) ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Sesavali nawilis kanonTa siaSi E nusxaSi ABCDF –is msgavsad vkiTxulobT: ,,grigoli episkoposisa noselisa litoÁs mimarT

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melitinel episkoposisa miwerili kanonianisa epistolisagan kanonni À”. G -Si ki: ,,grigoli episkoposisa noselisa litoion melitinelisa episkoposisa mimarT miwerilisa kanonianisa epistolisagan kanonni rvani”. G nusxaSi saTauris wyoba da epistolis adresatis saxeli ,,litoion” berZnulis zusti ganmeorebaa.

sxva ufro wvrilman magaliTebze aRar SevCerdebiT, radgan aRniSnuli gansxvavebani sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom davaskvnaT: E nusxa, sistematuri nawilis gamoklebiT, imeorebs ,,didi sjuliskanonis” Tavdapirveli Sedgenilobis Semcvel ABCDF xelnawerTa Cvenebas. rogorc Cans, E nusxis dedans axali TargmaniT Seuvsia mxolod sistematuri nawilis samoqalaqo kanonebis ABCDF nusxebSi warmodgenili, berZnulTan SedarebiT nakluli teqsti, xolo Zeglis danarCeni nawili ucvlelad gadmouweria. am gziT miviReT ,,didi sjuliskanonis” axali redaqcia. G nusxam an misma dedanma ,,didi sjuliskanonis” teqstis gadawerisaTvis gamoiyena E nusxis tipis xelnaweri da sistematuri nawilis meore ganyofileba E nusxis msgavsad Sevsebuli saxiT warmoadgina, xolo amasTanave ,,didi sjuliskanonis” teqsti Seudara berZnuls da zemoT CmoTvlili damatebani da cvlilebani CvenTvis ucnobi berZnuli xelnaweris mixedviT Seitana Tvis nusxaSi. amave dros mas pirvelad unda eTargmna ,,ganwesebani... pavlesni” da ,,... ganwesebani... petre da pavlesni”.

G nusxis mier berZnuli xelnaweris mixedviT qarTuli teqstis sworebis kvali SeiniSneba sistematur nawilSi saeklesio kanonebze miTiTebaSic, radgan zogjer G-s miTiTebani gansxvavebulia ABCDF nusxebisagan, Tumca ufro metia SemTxvevebi, roca qarTuli nusxebi da maT Soris G nusxac, berZnul xelnawerTa beWdur gamocemebTan SedarebiT gansxvavebebs gviCveneben.

aRvnusxavT aseT SemTxvevebs, miT umetes, rom variantebSi es gansxvavebani mTeli sisruliT ver aisaxa, ufro zustad, ver aisaxa is momentebi, rodesac yvela qarTul nusxaSi erTnairi suraTia, xolo berZnulSi gansxvavebuli.1

`didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTadi nawili – kanonTa teqstebi

14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis ZiriTad nawils, romelic moicavs mociqulTa, saeklesio krebaTa da saeklesio moRvaweTa kanonebis srul teqstebs, samecniero literaturaSi ufro xSirad qronologiur nawils uwodeben. amiT ZiriTadad xazgasmulia, rom kanonebi dasaxelebul krebulSi maTi gamocemis qronologiis mixedviT aris dalagebuli. es principi umTavresad msoflio da adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa kanonebs exeba, radgan wm. mamaTa kanonebi, calke gamoyofili da krebulis bolos darTuli, damoukideblad saeklesio krebaTa kanonebisagan amave principiT arian CamoTvlili, Tumca arc pirvel da arc meore SemTxvevaSi es principi mTeli sizustiT ar aris daculi.

1 dawvrilebiT es sxvaobani mocemulia: didi Sjuliskanoni, gv. 61-64

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14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis ZiriTadi nawilis aseTi saxelwodebiT moxsenieba pirobiTia, radgan krebulSi Setanil kanonTa Tanmimdevroba mxolod nawilobriv amarTlebs mas. saqme isaa, rom TviT krebulis Semdgenels, rogorc es ukve ganxiluli Sesavlis ixedviT Cans, ar darCenia aRuniSnavi is faqti, rom krebulis Sedgenis dros masalis Tavidan bolomde qronologiuri principiT dalagebisaTvis xeli SeuSlia saeklesio krebaTa avtoritetis mixedviT warmodgenis principebsac. amis Sesaxeb garkveviTaa aRniSnuli sardikiisa da neokesariis krebaTa kanonebis saTaurebSic. amitom aris nikiis krebis kanonebi ufro adrindeli krebebis – sardikiisa da neokesariis krebaTa kanonebis win moTavsebuli, xolo karTagenisa (419w.) da konstantinopolis 394w. saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi qalkedonis msofilo krebis (450w.) kanonebis Semdeg.

14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis ganxiluli winasityvaobisa da kanonikur krebulTa kodifikaciis gaTvaliswinebis safuZvelze SegviZlia Tamamad vTqvaT, rom 14-titlovani nomokanonisa da `didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTad nawilSi saeklesio kanonebi qronologiuri principiTaa dalagebuli, oRond ara im gagebiT, razedac zemoT gvqonda saubari, aramed aseTi koreqtiviT: saeklesio kanonebi im TanamimdevrobiTaa warmodgenili, rogoradac isini SehqondaT kanonikur krebulSi. es principi daculia saeklesio krebaTa kanonebis mimarT. nikiis pirveli msoflio kreba gaxda safuZveli pirveli kanonikuri krebulis CamoyalibebisaTvis, amitomac is pirvel adgilzea saeklesio krebaTa kanonebs Soris, xolo konstantinopolis 394w. da karTagenis krebaTa kanonebi kanonikur krebulSi yvelaze gvian Seitanes, amitom saeklesio krebis kanonebs Soris isini sul ukanasknel adgilze aRmoCndnen, miuxedavad imisa, rom dasaxelebuli krebebi qalkedonis IV msoflio krebaze adre iyo mowveuli. amrigad, saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulSi iseTi TanamimdevrobiTaa warmodgenili, rogori qronologiuri rigiTac Tavis droze Seitnes dasaxlebul krebulSi.

`didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTadi nawili yvela qarTul nusxaSi TiTqmis erTnaii sizustiTaa warmodgenili, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT mcireoden gansxvavebebs, rac ZiriTadad gadamwerTa mizeziTaa gamowveuli, xolo radgan berZnul xelnawerebsa da maT beWdur gamocemebSi xSirad aseTi erTsulovneba ar SeiniSneba, SevecdebiT aRvniSnoT gansxvavebani qarTul TargmanTan mimarTebiT da vaCvenoT, Tuki es SesaZlebelia, am gansxvavebis mizezebi.

1. qarTul TargmanSi warmodgenili kanonTa teqstebis Tanamimdevroba, romlis Sesaxebac gvqonda saubari, 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis uZveles Sedgenilobas Seesabameba. berZnul xelnawerebSi masalis aseTi TanmimdevrobiT dalagebis SemTxveva erTaderTi ar aris. sakmaod Zveli xelnawerebis garkveul jgufSi (X-XIss.) saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi aseTi TanamimdevrobiT aris

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warmodgenili: mociqulTa, Semdeg msoflio krebaTa kanonebi, dalagebuli qronologiuri principiT, Semdeg adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebi da bolos wm. mamaTa kanoniani epistoleebi1.

rogorc Cans, es principi am xelnawerebis mixedviT aiTvises 14-titlovani nomokanonis XIIs. komentatorebma – balzamonma da zonaram, romlebmac saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi aseTive principiT daalages2. ase rom, am saqmeSi prioriteti maT ar ekuTvniT. naTelia, rom kanonTa teqstebis msgavsi dalagebis principi meoreulia, xolo `did sjuliskanons” berZnul xelnawerTa uZvelesi tradicia aqvs Semonaxuli3.

2. `did sjuliskanonSi” neokesariis adgilobrivi kreba 15 kanoniT aris warmodgenili. amasTanave cnobilia, rom ioane sqolastikosma Tavis 50 titlovan kanonTa krebulSi neokesariis 14 kanoni Seitana. saeklesio kanonTa siaSi, romelic `didi sjuliskanonis” Sesaval statiaSia warmodgenili da romelic 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis uZvelesi redaqciis Sedgenilobas asaxavs, neokesariis krebas 14 kanonis dadgena miewereba: `neokesariisa krebisa kanonni id”. beneSeviCi uTiTebs ramdenime berZnul xelnawers, romelTa ZiriTad nawilSi Sesulia neokesariis 14 kanonis teqsti4. amasTanave aRsaniSnavia, rom 14-titlovani nomokanonisa da `didi sjuliskanonis” sistematur nawilSi miTiTebulia neokesariis mxolod ToTxmeti kanoni, meTxuTmete kanonze miTiTeba ar Cans.

naTelia, rom neokesariis krebis kanonTa teqstis 15 kanonad dayofa gviandelia, radgan 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis I redaqcia (VIIs.) aseT dayofas ar icnobs. me-15 kanoni gaCnda mas Semdeg, rac me-13 kanoni or nawilad gayves. I nawili me-13 darCa, xolo sityvebidan `xolo xorepiskoposTa” – me-14 kanonad iqca, Tavdapirveli me-14 kanoni ki me-15-ed gadainomra5. `did sjuliskanonSi” swored es gviandeli suraTia asaxuli, iseve rogorc 14-titl. nomokanonis beWdur gamocemebSic.

3. Rangris krebis kanonebi iwyeba da mTavrdeba epistoliT, romelSic CarTulia 20 kanoni. asevea berZnul xelnawerTa umravlesobaSi da beWdur gmocemebSic. zogierT berZnul xelnawerSi ki Rangris krebas 21 kanoni miewereba6, radgan epistolis daskvniTi nawili 21-e kanonadaa gagebuli. aseTi suraTi gvaqvs qarTul nusxaSic.

1 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSromi, gv. 288-298.2 rogor es aTenis sintagmis gamocemaSia warmodgenili, ix. t. II, III, IV.3 Pitra Tavis naSromSi angariSs ar uwevs xelnawerTa Cvenebas da saeklesio kanonTa teqstebis Tanamimdevroba sakuTari meTodiT aqvs warmodgenili.4 dasax. naSr. gv. 153.5 iqve.6 iqve, sqol. 3

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4. konstantnopolis II msoflio krebis 7 kanonia Setanili, rogorc 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis yvela redaqciaSi, aseve `did sjuliskanonSic”, magram Tu gavixsenebT imas, rom me-7 kanoni dasaxelebuli krebis kanonTa ricxvSi gvian aris Setanili, naTeli gaxdeba, rom qarTuli Targmani gviandeli suraTis maCvenebelia, iseve rogorc misi berZnuli wyaro. am sakiTxis gasaTvaliswineblad ufro bevris mTqmelia ioane sqolastikosis 50-titlovani krebulis Cveneba, razedac ukve gvqonda saubari da aq aRar SevCerdebiT.

5. cnobilia, rom efesos mesame msoflio krebam 8 kanoni gamoitana, romelTa teqsts kanonikur krebulSi erTvis `epistole pamfilielTa episkoposTa mimarT”; asea `did sjuliskanonSic”. zogierT berZnul xelnawerSi danomrilia Svidi kanoni, xolo me-8 kanons, romlis teqsti warmodgenilia calke saTauriT, saTvalavi ara aqvs1, magram es ubralo lafsusia, radgan sistematur nawilSi miTiTebulia efesos krebis me-8 kanoni orgzis (I tit. 5 Tavi da I tit. 6 Tavi). didi sjuliskanonis” xelnawerTa yevla Zvel nusxaSi, garda C-si, dasaxelebuli epistole me-9 kanonadaa CaTvlili. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom `didi sjuliskanonis” sistematur nawilSi, iseve rogorc mis berZnul dedanSi, I tit. me-6 TavSi miTiTebulia efesos krebis me-8 kanoni da iqve epistole ̀ pamfilielTa mimarT” da ara me-9 kanoni, naTeli gaxdeba, rom berZnuli dedniseuli suraTi qarTuli xelnawerebidan mxolod C nusxas Semounaxavs, xolo danarCen nusxebSi am epistolis me-9 kanoniT aRniSvna sakuTriv qarTvel gadamwerTa bralia.

6. qalkedonis IV msoflio krebis istoriasTan dakavSirebiT aRvniSneT, rom krebam 27 disciplinaruli kanoni Camoayaliba da am krebis kanonTa aseTi ricxvi Sevida kidec ioane sqolastikosis krebulSi. 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis I redaqciis Semdgenelma am kanonebs miumata am krebis aqtebSi daculi 28-e kanoni, rogorc es ioane sqolastikosis krebulisa da 14-titlovani krebulis winasityvaobaTa Sedarebidan Cans. ufro mogvianebiTaa Setanili qalkedonis krebis kanonTa ricxvSi kidev ori vrceli amonaweri am krebis aqtebidan, romelTac damoukidebeli saTaurebi aqvT. aTenis sintagmaSi es amonawerebi danomrilia 29 da 30 kanonebad.2 asevea Pitra-s gamocemaSic3 (oRond teqsti da saTaurebic petitiTaa awyobili). `didi sjuliskanoni” uZveles berZnul xelnawerTa tradicias imeorebs: danomrilia 28 kanoni, xolo krebis aqtebidan damatebuli ori amonaweri kanonTa saTvalavSi ar aris miRebuli4.

7. marTalia, yvela kanonikuri krebuli da maT ricxvSi `didi sjuliskanonic” Seicavs sardikiis krebis 21 kanons, magram kanonebad dayofis principSi

1 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSromi, gv. 155.2 aTen. sintagma, II, 286, 288.3 Pitra. I, 515-520.4 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSr. gv. 155.

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mniSvnelovani gansxavvebani SeimCneva. aTenis sintagmisa da Pitra-s gamocemaTa Tanaxmad sardikiis krebis me-16 kanoni udris `didi sjuliskanonis” me-16 da me-17 kanonebs, 17=18, 18=19, 19=20, xolo 20+21= qarTuli Targmanis 21 kanons1. berZnul xelnawerTa nawili qarTuli Targmanis msgavs suraTs gvaZlevs2, ris gamoc SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom `didi sjuliskanoni” nomokanonTa berZnuli teqstis gamocemebTan SedarebiT ufro adrindel viTarebas unda asaxavdes.

8. konstantinopolis 394 wlis adgilobrivi krebis erTi kanoni (ufro sworad, amonaweri am krebis aqtebidan) qarTuli xelnawerebis mixedviT damoukidebel erTeulad ar aris gaazrebuli, radgan mas ar uzis saTvalavis nomeri, rogorc es aqvs `did sjuliskanonSi” Setanil yvela damoukidebel erTeuls, is TiTqos karTagenis krebis gagrZelebadaa miCneuli. xom ara aqvs am faqts raime kavSiri imasTan, rom Cven mier ganxilul kanonTa siaSi, romelic am Zeglis Sesavals erTvis, berZnuli wyaroebis sawinaaRmdegod, am krebis kanoni, arc erT qarTul nusxas ara aqvs dasaxelebuli G nusxis garda? G nusxas, rogorc aRvniSneT zemoTac, yvela es xarvezi Sevsebuli aqvs. is Setanilia rogorc dasaxelebul siaSi, aseve mikuTvnebuli aqvs sakuTari rigiTi numeric `didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTad nawilSi (rogorc vTqviT, G nusxa Tu misi dedani Sejerebulia berZnul xelnawerebTan da es Sesworebanic maSinaa Setanili).

9. trulis krebis kanonTa teqsti `did sjuliskanonSi” da berZnul wyaroebSi identuria, oRond yvela qarTul nusxas aqvs xarvezi me-2 kanonis teqstSi, romelic zemoT ar aRgviniSnavs: gamotovebulia ...μεγαλοπόλεως, και Πέτρου γενομένου αρχιεπισκόπου ´Αλεξανδρείας Sesabamisi qarTuli Targmani. xarvezi, rogorc Cans, an mTargmneliseulia, an pirveli nusxis gadamwerisaa, radgan arc erTi Cvenamde moRweuli nusxa am adgilis Targmans ar Seicavs. teqstobrivi xarvezebi sxva adgilebSiac Segvxvdeba, magram aq sagangebod imitom aRvniSneT, rom VI krebis meore kanonSi CamoTvlilia yvela is saeklesio kanoni, romelic savaldebulo norma gaxda mTeli marTlmadidebluri samyarosaTvis. qarTul teqsts ki aq aklia petre aleqsandrielis kanonebis dasaxeleba.

10. tarasi patriarqis epistoel adriane papis mimarT simoniis Sesaxeb `didi sjuliskanonis” teqstSi Setanilia ara mamaTa epistoleebis nawilSi, aramed nikiis meore, msoflio meSvide saeklesio krebis kanonebis Semdeg da gagebulia am krebis nawilad. asea es umetes berZnul xelnawerebSi3. misi gadatana mamaTa epistoleebTan, rogorc es gvaqvs berZnul beWdur gamocemebSi, gviandeli

1 erT-erT berZnul xelnawerSi (Aten. 1370, Xs.) aT. sint. da Pitra-s - gamocemaTa msgavsad 20 da 21 kanonebi SeerTebuli ar aris da amitom sardikiis krebis kanonebi 22-mdea gazrdili (Бенешевич, dasax. naS. gv. 155, sqol. 3).2 iqve, gv. 155.3 aseTi unda iyos, beneSeviCis mowmobiT, Paris. suppl. 614, Xs. berZnuli xelnaweric, iqve. 157 sqol. 1.

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berZnuli xelnawerebis Cvenebas eyrdnoba amasTanave qarTul teqsts aklia vrceli citati ioane oqropiris cxovrebidan.

11. grigoli neokesarielis kanonikuri epistole `did sjuliskanonSi” kanonebad dayofili ar aris, Tumca abzacebis mixedviT SeiZleba kanonTa teqstebis gamijvna. berZnul gamocemebSi dasaxelebuli epistole 10 kanonadaa gayofili (aT. sintagmaSi, IV, gv. 66. me-11 kanoni gviandeli minamatia). asevea berZnul xelnawerebSic. Tumca yvelgan kanonebis numeracia ar aris warmodgenili.

qarTul nusxebSi warmodgenili grigoli neokesarielis kanonebad dauyofeli epistole uZvelesi tradiciis maCvenebelia, xolo kanonebad dayofili berZnuli gamocemebis teqsti ki ufro gviandelisa. es Cans Tundac Semdegidan: grigoli neokesarielis epistoles am Zeglis SesavalSi, kanonTa siaSi ewodeba: `grigoli episkoposisa neokesarielisa sakÂrvelTmoqmedisa epistole kanoniani”, maSin, rodesac sxva avtorTa epistoleebi yovelTvis masSi Semaval kanonTa ricxvis aRniSvniTaa naxsenebi: mag. `grigoli episkoposisa noselisa litoÁs mimarT... epistolisagan kanonni À”, `kÂrile aleqsandrielisa domnoÁs mimarTisa epistolisagan kanoni g” da a.S. yovelgvari gamonaklisis gareSe. grigol neokesarielis msgavsad Tukia dasaxelebuli `epistole kanoniani” es aucileblad gulisxmobs erT kanonad gagebul epistoles (mag., basilis diodores mimarT, grigol xucis mimarT da sxv.).

12. `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTul teqstSi aTanase aleqsandrielis 3 epistolea Setanili, magram gakvirvebas iwvevs am epistoleTa Tanamimdevroba. pirveli ori epistole, Tuki qronologiuri principebidan amovalT, Tavis Sesaferis adgilzea Setanili (grigoli neokesarielis Semdeg da basili didi win), magram mesame epistole `rufinianes mimarT” sul bolosaa moTavsebuli da `didi sjuliskanonis” dasasruls warmoadgens. berZnul gamocemebSi, ra Tqma unda, samive epistole erTmaneTis miyolebiTaa warmodgenili. SegveZlo gvefiqra, rom qarTvel gadamwers es epistole raRac mizeziT gamorCa da amitom iZulebuli gaxda bolos daematebina, magram saqme isaa, rom uZvelesi berZnuli xelnawerebi swored aseTsave mdgomareobas gviCveneben1. es faqti mxolod imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom berZnul dedanSi aTanases epistole `rufinianes mimarT” is masalaa, romelic mamaTa epistoleebidan yvelaze gvian iqna Setanili da man tradiciulad SeinarCuna es adgili SemdegSic.

13. 14-titlovani nomokanonis berZnul gamocemebSi (aT. sint. IV, 206 da Pitra, I, 595) Setanili ar aris basili didis amfiloqes mimarT gagzavnili mesame epistolis vrceli Sesavali, rac qarTul TargmanSi Tavis adgilzea

1 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSromi, gv. 160-161.

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iseve, rogorc beneSeviCis mier aRweril berZnul xelnawerebSi1. Pitra-sTan da aTenis sintagmaSi amfiloqesadmi gagzavnili mesame epistolis daskvniTi nawili danomrilia 85 kanonad, sawinaaRmdegod qarTuli Targmanisa da beneSeviCis mier aRwerili berZnuli xelnawerebis Cvenebisa.

14. `did sjuliskanonSi” grigoli noselis epistole, berZnuli wyaroebis msgavsad, 8 kanonad aris dayofili. qarTul TargmanSi grigoli noselis kanonebs win uZRvis vrceli Sesavali. aTenis sintagmaSi (IV, 295-329) da Pitra-s gamocemaSi (I, 619-129) Sesavali I kanonadaa warmodgenili da amitom qarTuli teqstis I kanoni=berZnuli gamocemebis me-2 kanons, 2=3, 3=4, xolo berZnuli gamocemebis me-5 kanons qarTulSi me-4 da me-5 kanonebi Seesatyviseba. danarCeni kanonebis saTvalavi erTnairia. ase rom, saboloo angariSiT berZnul gamocemebSi da `did sjuliskanonSi” grigol noselis epistole 8 kanons Seicavs. beneSeviCis mier aRwerili berZnuli xelnawerebi2 da dasaxelebul gamocemaTa sqolioebSi mocemuli variantuli wakiTxvebi qarTuli Targmanis Sesabamis viTarebas gviCveneben.

15. `did sjuliskanonSi” timoTe aleqsandrielis 15 `kanonebrivi kiTxva-migeba” aris Setanili, xolo aTenis sintagmaSi damatebiT kidev 3 – sul 18 (IV, 331-341). Pitra-s timoTe aleqsandrielis kiTxva-migebani or nawilad aqvs gamocemuli: I nawili 38 aseT kiTxva-migebas Seicavs, romlis pirveli 15 emTxveva qarTuli Targmanis teqsts, xolo pirveli 18 – aTenis sintagmis teqsts, meore nawili ki kidev – 24-s, e.i. sul 62 (I, 630-643). berZnuli xelnawerebis erT jgufSi, beneSeviCis aRwerilobiT3, qarTulis msgavsad, mxolod 15 kiTxva-migebaa.

16. `did sjuliskanonSi” kirile aleqsandrielis ori kanonikuri epistole aris Setanili, iseve rogorc 14-titlovani nomokanonis berZnul nusxebSi. pirveli epistole `domnoÁs mimarT” qarTulsa da berZnul nusxebSi 3 kanonad aris dayofili, xolo meore epistole ̀ libielTa da xuTqalaqelTa episkoposTa mimarT” berZnul beWdur gamocemebSi da qarTul TargmanSi kanonTa gansxvavebul raodenobas Seicavs. `didi sjuliskanonis” nusxebSi meore epistole moicavs mokle Sesavalsa da oTx kanons, xolo aTenis sintagmaSi (IV 361) da Pitra-s gamocemaSi (I 652) dasaxelebuli epistole or kanonad aris gayofili: pirvel kanonSi gaerTianebulia Sesavali da qarTuli teqstis pirveli sami kanoni, xolo meore kanoni udris qarTuli teqstis me-4 kanons. amasTanave qarTuli nusxebis sapirispirod orive gamocemaSi kirile aleqsandrielis meore epistolis kanonTa saTvalavi pirveli epistolis kanonTa saTvalavis gagrZelbas warmoadgens4.

1 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSromi, gv. 158-159.2 В.Н. Бенешевич, gv. 159.3 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSr. gv. 160.4 Pitra-s kirile aleqsandrielis kidev ori epistole aqvs Setanili damatebiT (I, 654).

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berZnuli xelnawerebis garkveuli jgufi, beneSeviCis aRwerilobis mixedviT1, qarTuli nusxebis Cvenebas uWers mxars.

17. ̀ didi sjuliskanonis” teqstis ZiriTad nawilSi Setanilia erTi kanonikuri epistole, romelsac 14-titlovani nomokanonis ZiriTad SemadgenlobaSi ar asaxeleben, e.i. ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis nawilad ar miiCneven. qarTulad mas ewodeba `epistole dawerili konstantinepoliT martÂri episkoposisa antioqelisaÁ, Tu viTar jer-ars SewynarebaÁ mwvalebelTaÁ, romelni mouÃdebodin wmidasa da kaTolike eklesiasa”.

dasaxelebuli epistole ar aris Setanili aTenis sintagmaSi 14 titlovani nomokanonis SemadgenlobSi. mxolod im `sinopsisSi” aris am epistolis Semoklebuli varianti, romelsac komentari gaukeTa aristinem (aT. sint. t. IV, gv. 393-416). marTalia, am epistolis sruli teqsti gamocemulia Pitra-sa2

da Beveregius-is3 mier, magram isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom orive avtors gamocemaSi Setanili aqvT iseTi kanonikuri masalis didi nawili, maT Soris zogierT avtorTa epistoleebic, romelTac 14-titlovan nomokanonTan araferi aqvT saerTo. swored aseTi rigis masalas unda mivakuTvnoT dasaxelebuli epistole orive gamocemaSi. epistolis adresatia antioqiis patriarqi martÂri, romelmac kaTedra 459 wels daiWira, xolo epistole konstantinopollis 459 wlis adgilobriv krebaze unda iyos Sedgenili iseve, rogorc am krebazea Sedgenili krebis Tavmjdomarisa da konstantinopolis patriarqis genadi konstantinopolis `sayovelTao” anu `mrguliv” mosavleli epistole simoniis winaaRmdeg. amas isic unda adasturebdes, rom martvirisadmi gagzavnili epistole kanonikur krebulSi yovelTvis genadis sayovelTao epistoles mosdevs. ufro metic, epistolis avtori TviT genadi unda iyos, radgan epistole pirvel pirSia dawerili da iseTi uZvelesi tradiciebis mqone sapatriarqos meTaurisaTvis, rogoric antioqiis eklesia iyo, mxolod marTlmadidebluri aRmosavleTis uzenaes saeklesio pirs – konstantinopolis patriarqs – SeeZlo gaegzavna aseTi saprogramo epistole.

`didi sjuliskanoni”, romelic am epistoles Seicavs, gamonakliss ar warmoadgens. 14-titlovani nomokanonis im redaqciis 31 xelnawerSi, romelic beneSeviCs gaerTianebuli aqvs `Reccensio Photio prototypa” qveS, gamonaklisis gareSe, es epistole aseve genadis sayovelTao epistolis Semdeg da aTanasi aleqsandrielis rufinianes mimarT miwerili epistolis win aris Setanili4, rogorc `did sjuliskanonSi”, magram nomokanonis mTel rig redaqciebSi am epistolis kvali ar Cans. 14-titlovani nomokanonis yvela redaqciis

1 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSr. gv. 160.2 Pitra, II, 183-187.3 Sinod con sive Pandectae canonum… Oxonii, 1672, II, damat., gv. 100.4 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSromi, gv. 160.

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xelnawerebi ratom ar gviCvenebs am sakiTxSi iseT erTsulovnebas, rogorc es Cans krebaTa kanonebisa da sxva kanonikuri epistoleebis mimarT?

garkveuli pasuxi am kiTxvaze gaWirdeba, magram erT garemoebas SeuZlia nawilobriv Seasubuqos sakiTxis simZime:

samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom martvirisadmi gagzavnili epistole Sesavlis gareSe sityvasityviT meordeba konstantinepolis meore msoflio krebis me-7 kanonSi. es naTelia qarTuli Targmanis mixedviTac. amasTanave naTelia, rom konstantinopolis II msoflio krebis me-7 kanoni warmoadgens dasaxelebuli epistolis Semoklebas da ara piriqiT.

rogorfc Cans, am epistolisagan Sedgenili kanoni konstantinopolis meore msoflio krebis kanonebs ufro adre daemata, vidre dasaxelebuli epistole TviTon iqneboda Setanili 14-titlovani nomokanonis SemadgenlobaSi, rogorc es SeiZleba davinaxoT 14-nomokanonis uZvelesi (I) redaqciis Sedgenilobis safuZvelze1. dasaxelebuli epistole mogvianebiT, unda vifiqroT, 14-titlovani nomokanonis mxolod garkveul nusxebSi Sevida da ver daimkvidra adgili kanonikuri samarTlis ZiriTad kodeqsSi, albaT, imitom, rom mis movaleobas ukve asrulebda konstantinopolis II msoflio krebis me-7 kanoni.

6. `Seiswaveni”, `sxolioni” da sxvadasxva SeniSvnebi

`didi sjuliskanonis” nusxebs aSiebze aqvT sxvadasxva saxis ganmartebiTi minawerebi, romelTa umetesi nawili `Seiswavebad” iwodeba da berZnuli dednis analogiuri SeniSvnebis Targmans unda warmoadgendes. marTalia, nomokanonis berZnuli gamocemani am SeniSvnebs ar uCveneben, magram beneSeviCis mowmobiT berZnuli xelnawerebi maT didi odenobiT Seicaven2.

qarTuli nusxebis erTi nawili – ABCDF aseTi `Seiswaves” 150-ze met erTeuls Seicavs, xolo Tu maT qarTuli nusxis mTargmnelisa Tu gadamwerTa SeniSvnebsac daumatebT, maTi ricxvi 180-mde gaizrdeba (beneSeviCs erT-erT berZnul xelnawerSi (Petropol.-66) 158 aseTi SeniSvna aqvs daTvlili – gv. 145). EG nusxebs SeniSvnebis ricxvi kidev oriode aTeuliT aqvT gazdili da es damaTebiTi SeniSvnebi modis sistematuri nawilis samoqalaqo kanonebis im teqstze, romelic ABCDF nusxebSi ar aris (E nusxaSi ̀ Seiswave” xSirad ZiriTad teqstSia CarTuli).

`Seiswaves” ZiriTadi daniSnulebaa mkiTxvelis yuradRebis gamaxvileba ama Tu im kanonSi dasmul mniSvnelovan sakiTxze, ase magaliTad:

1 es iqidanac Cans, rom nomokanonis sistematur nawilSi sakiTxs, Tu rogor unda moinaTlon sxvadasxva mwvaleblebi, pasuxobs II msoflio krebis m-7 kanoni da martvirisadmi miwerili epistolis xsenebac ki ar aris (4 tit. Tavi 14).2 В.Н. Бенешевич, dasax. naSromi, gv. 145.

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`Seiswave, viTarmed ara iqmnebis winamZRuari orTa monasterTaÁ” (A 16v da yvela nusxaSi). `Seiswave, viTarmed mwvalebeli ver Seasmens episkopossa” (A 61v).

`Seiswave, Tu rasa ityÂs eriskacTaTÂs... (A 75r…).`Seiswave, yovelTave saxiTa saWiroÁ da saTanadoÁ dasacvelad... (A 167r…).`Seiswave, Tu romelsa uwodis moZRuari qalwulad” (A 203r) da sxva mravali.SeniSvnebis udidesi nawili aseTi Sinaarsisa da daniSnulebisaa. sakmao

odenobiT gvxvdeba iseTi SeniSvnebic, romelnic azusteben kanonis Sinaarss an komentaris daniSnuleba aqvT. movitanT ramdenime magaliTs:

`wesi ese mefisa iraklisi samRdeloTa msaxurTaTÂs, rameTu esreT ganaxlda ese brZanebiTa misiTa, romel iqmna sergis mimarT wmidisa patriarqisa” (A 21r. – da yvela nusxaSi).

àra nikiisa krebisa ars ese, aramed sardikiisa mexuTe, vinaÁca awindelisa amis krebis mamaTa umecrebiT Tques ese nikiisa krebisad, viTarca cxad hyofen amis ZliTni ganCinebani” (A 78v)...

`cxad ars, viTarmed qebaTa Sina” (A 97r e.i. dakonkretebulia kanonSi motanili citatis wyaro).

ìoanesa ityÂs” (A 190r).`diodoresa mimarTsa ityÂs epistolesa, romeli amasve wignsa Sina ars quemo”

(A 204v).`mÃedarTa da Ãelmwifebasa queSe myofTa dedaTaTÂs ityÂs” (A 206v) da sxva.didi odenobiTaa komentatris Tu gadamwerTa emociebis gamomxatveli

mokle minawerebi: `Suenieri”, `friad Suenieri”, `saWiroÁ” da msgavsi. erTgan saeklesio kanonis mier danaSaulisaTvis gamotanili sasjelis gaswvriv aSiaze miwerilia `Ä saSineli” (A 191r da sxva nusxebSic).

arc Tu micre odenobiTaa aSiaze miwerili vrceli komentarebi ama Tu im saeklesio sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. aseTi komentarebi aqvs damatebiT EG nusxebs samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobasTan dakavSiorebiT (ra aris kodikoÁ, digestoni, institucioni, neara, fiskoÁ, falkidoni da sxva mravali. yvela minawerisa da `Seiswaves” teqstebi fiqsirbulia gamocemuli teqstis sqolioebSi).

`didi sjuliskanonis” nusxebis aSiebze mravalricxovan minawerTagan SeiZleba gamoiyos mTargmenliseuli minawerebic, romelbic yvela qarTul nusxaSi gvaqvs. maTi daniSnuleba gansxvavebulia berZnulidan Targmnili SeniSvnebisagan da ZiriTadad leqsikuri erTeulebis ganmartebebs Seicavs.

qarTuli Targmanis teqstSi Sesul zogierT sityvas aSiaze damatebiT aseTi ganmartebani axlavs:

èzoÁsmoZRuari... – Âkonomossa ityÂs” (A 72r) da yvela nusxaSi.`Tanamosajuli – vaqili” (A 111r…).

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`marwuxi... – kovzi saziarebeli” (A 178v…).`maxiobelTa... – xumarTa ityÂs” (A 93r…).àrgiaÁ saxel ars adgilisaÁ” (A 201r).èvlogia kurTxeulad iTargmnebis” (A 58v…).`...fasoÁsaman – foTsa ityÂs” (A 157r) da sxva.namdvilad qarTvel mTargmnels ekuTvnis aseTi SeniSvnebic:`romelTagan erTad vhgoneb kulevasa Cuenisa weliwadis Tvisasa da zmnobasa

(zmnuasa C) marguelTa boslobisasa” (A 150r).teqstSi `saxlisa uflisa da moZRuarisa Cuenisasa” niSani uzis pirvel

sityvas da aSiaze miwerilia `saxlisa ufali (o i) ars, nu vin scvlis” - A (187r) da danarCen nusxebSi.

sainteresoa C nusxis erT-erTi minaweri singuriT IV msoflio krebis monawileTa xelmowerebis gaswvriv aSiaze. teqstSi weria: àRapitos undoman episkoposman qalaqisa [ ] salutarielTa samTavroÁsaman ganvasazRvre da warvwere”. qalaqis saxelisaTvis adgilia datovebuli. aSiaze: àmis qalaqisa saxeli arca berZulisa dedasa ewera” (C – 386gv.). es SeniSvna `didi sjuliskanonis” arc erT danarCen nusxaSi ar aris, xolo qalaqis saxeli ki yvela maTgans aklia, oRond Tavisufali adgili misTvis arc erT nusxaSi datovebuli ar aris. am detals garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs qarTul nusxaTa urTierTmimarTebis dasadgenad. es faqti erTxel kidev adasturebs, rom C nusxa danarCen nusxebTan SedarebiT axlosaa `didi sjuliskanonis” mTargmneliseul nusxasTan.

iseTi SeniSvnebi, romlebic calkeul qarTul nusxaTa gadamwerT ekuTvniT da saerTo ar aris yvela qarTuli nusxisaTvis, xelnawerTa mokle aRwerilobebSi vaCveneT da aq aRar gavimeorebT.

7. `didi sjuliskanoni” da ruis-urbnisis krebis `Zegliswera”

`didi sjuliskanonis” yvela qarTul nusxaSi, garda C xelnawerisa, Setanilia qarTuli originaluri kanonikuri mwerlobis Cvenamde moRweuli pirveli Zegli - `ZeglisweraÁ” ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebisa.

sainteresoa is faqti, rom `Zeglisweris” nusxebi damoukidebeli saxiT ar gvxvdeba da mxolod `didi sjuliskanonis” nusxaTa damatebaSia Setanili. bunebrivia am ori Zeglis erTad moTavseba.

ra damokidebulebaSia `Zegliaswera” berZnulidan naTargmn `did sjuliskanonTan”? Sedgenilia Tu ara misi kanonebi dasaxelebuli Targmnili Zeglis zegavleniT? da Tu aseTi zegavlena igrZnoba, sargeblobda avtori `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli TargmaniT, Tu berZnuli dedniT? am sakiTxebis

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garkvevas didi mniSvneloba aqvs `didi sjuliskanonis” Targmnis drois zeda sazRvris dasadgenad da `Zeglisweris” wyaroTa sakiTxebis kvlevisaTvis.

aq aRar SevCerdebiT `ZegliswerasTan” dakavSirebul istoriis zogad sakiTxebze, romlis Sesaxebac samecniero literaturaSi bevri dawerila, SevexebiT mxolod sakiTxebs, romlebic garkveul koreqtivs moiTxovs, an romlebic saerTod sustadaa damuSavebuli.

pirvelad akad. k. kekeliZem gamoTqva azri, rom `Zegliswera” `didi sjuliskanonis” Targmnamdea Sedgenili1. am varaudis safuZvlad k. kekeliZe asaxelebs im faqts, rom `Sedgeniloba sjuliskanonisa ruis-urbnisis krebis ZeglisweriT ganirCeva arsenis Targmanis redaqciisagan, magaliTad, ZeglisweraSi araa aRniSnuli sardikiis kreba, agreTve grigol RmrTismetyvelisa da amfiloqe ikonielis kanonni, martÂri antioqielisa da aTanase aleqsandrielis epistoleni. arsenis TargmanSi araa moxseniebuli vasili didis 85 kanoni, sxvadasxvanairadaa CamoTvlili am wyaroebSi vasilis epistolenic2. iv. javaxiSvilic aRniSnavs, rom k. kekeliZes yovelive `samarTlianad aRniSnuli aqvs”3.

ramdenad gasaziarebelia am SeniSvnaze agebuli varaudi, rom `Zegliswera” ar icnobs `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTul Targmans da gansxvavebanic am mizeziTaa gamowveuli?

`ZeglisweraSi” warmodgenili saeklesio krebaTa da mamaTa epistoleebis kanonTa sia marTlac gansxvavebulia `didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTadi teqstis Sedgenilobisagan: sardikiis kreba, grigol RmrTismetyvelisa, amfiloqe ikonielisa, martÂri antioqelisadmi miwerili da aTanase aleqsandrielis epistoleni `Zeglisweris” siaSi ar aris naxsenebi, xolo `didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTadi teqsti ki uklebliv Seicavs maT. TiTqos sworia k. kekeliZis varaudi, rom `Zeglisweris” sia `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli nusxidan ar unda iyos aRebuli, radgan sruliad ver gadmoscems mis Sedgenilobas, magram gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: `Zeglisweris” avtori sargeblobs `didi sjuliskanonis” ara ZiriTadi teqstiT, aramed misi Sesavali statiebis im adgilebiT, sadac CamoTvlilia, romelma krebam da romelma saeklesio moRvawem ramdeni kanoni dadgina. `didi sjuliskanonis” Sesaval nawilSi ori aseTi siaa: pirveli, romelic Cven mier ganxilul ioane sqolastikosis 50 titlovani kanonikuri krebulis avtoriseul winasityvaobas erTvis. aq msolod pirveli aTi saeklesio krebaa CamoTvlili (boloa qalkedonis kreba) da basili didis kanonebia dasaxelebuli. meore, romelSic dasaxelebul aT krebas karTagenis krebis kanonebi da saeklesio mamTa mier dasxmuli kanonebis CamoTvlac emateba.

1 qarTuli literat. istoria, I, 1960, gv. 284.2 qarTuli literat. istoria, I, 1960, gv. 284.3 iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 29.

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`Zeglisweras” orive siiT usargeblia: pirveli siidan pirveli aTi saeklesio krebis dasxeleba (nikiis, ankÂriis, neokesariis, Rangris, antioqiis, laodikiis, konstantinopolis meore msoflios da qalkedonis krebebi. sardikiis gamotovebulia) iseTive sisruliTaa warmodgenili `ZeglisweraSi”, rogoerc es am siaSi gvaqvs. amasTanave `ZeglisweraSi” ankÂriis krebis kanonTa ricxvi ocdaoTxia. aseTi ricxvi ankÂriis krebis kanonebisa mxolod ioane sqolastikosis krebulis winasityvaobaSia mocemuli, berZnuli 14-tit. nomokanonisa da qarTuli `sjuliskanonis” yevla nusxa sarCevSi Tu kanonTa ZiriTad teqstSi yvelgan 25-s aCvenebs. sqolastikosis winasityvaobis qarTul nusxaSi, romeli `didi sjuliskanonis” erT-erT Sesaval statias warmoadgens, yvela qarTuli xelnaweri 24 kanons asaxelebs (mxolod G xelnawerSia 25. rogorc aRvniSneT, es nusxa berZnuli dednis mixedviT gviandeli nasworebia), aseve neokesariis krebis kanonTa ircxvi `Zeglisweris” mixedviT aris 14, maSin rodesac `didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTad teqstSi am krebis 15 kanonia warmodgenili. swored 14 kanoniTaa warmodgenili neokesariis kreba sqolastikosis winasityvaobis erT-erT uZveles qarTul C nusxaSi (agreTve F-Si) da `didi sjuliskanonis” winasityvaobaze darTul kanonTa siis yvela qarTul xelnawerSi (gamonaklisia isev C nusxa, ris mizezic zemoT aRvniSneT).

`didi sjuliskanonis” Sesaval nawilSi warmodgenili kanonTa meore siidan unda aeRo `Zeglisweris” Semdgenels karTagenis krebis dasaxeleba da mamaTa epistoleebis kanonebi. ukve aRvniSneT, rom dasaxelebuli sia 14-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis uZvelesi VIIs. redaqciis Sedgenilobas gadmogcvems da amitom am siaSi ar aris Setanili VI, VII msoflio da konstantinopolis ori adgilobrivi krebis (861 da 879ww.) kanonebi, agreTve im wmida mamebis epistoleebi, romlebic k. kekeliZes aqvs dasaxelebuli – grigoli RmrTismetyvelis, amfiloqe ikonielis, aTanase aleqsandrielisa da martÂri antioqelisadmi gagzavnili epistoleebi. amitom ar moxvda `Zeglisweris” siaSi dasaxelebuli mamaTa epistoleebi: `Zeglisweras” rom `didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTadi teqstiT esargebla da ara dasaxelebuli siiT, maSin es masala ueWvelad moxvdeboda `Zeglisweris siaSi”.

k. kekeliZe samarTlianad aRniSnavs, rom `ZeglisweraSi” ar aris naxsenebi sardikiis kreba, magram marto es faqti ar gamodgeba imis dasamtkiceblad, rom `Zegliswera” kanonikuri kodeqsis Sedgenilobis gadmosacemad iyenebs `didi sjuliskanonisagan” gansxvavebul nomokanonis romeliRac redaqcias, radgan, rom araferi vTqvaT `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTul nusxebze, ar arsebobs arc berZnul enaze arc erTi kanonikuri krebuli, 14-titlovani iqneba is, 50-titlovani an Tundac sinopsisuri, romelic ar Seicavdes sardikiis krebis

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kanonebs. aq erTaderTi axsna SeiZleba iyos is, rom `Zeglisweris” avtors es kreba ubralod gamorCa.

k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, rom `arsenis TargmanSi (e.i. `did sjulsikanonSi” – e.g.) araa moxseniebuli vasili didis 85 kanoni...” es martivi asaxsnelia: `ZeglisweraSi” dasaxelebuli `didisa basilis kanonni oTxmeocdaxuTni” warmoadgens `didi sjuliskanonis” meore siaSi warmodgenil `basili episkoposisa kesaria-kappadukiisa amfiloqe ikonielTa episkoposisa mimarT samTa kanonianTa epistoleTagan kanonni p d (84)” da iqve aRniSnuli `missive sxÂsa epistolisa missive amfiloqe ikonielisa mimarT miwerilisagan kanoni a (1)” kanonebis jams, oRond adresatis dausaxeleblad. am SemTxvevaSi iseTive suraTi gvaqvs, rogorc petre aleqsandrielis kanonebis mimarT: `ZeglisweraSi” 15 kanonia dasaxelebuli, xolo `didi sjuliskanonis” SesavalSi misi `sinanulisaaTÂs Tqumulisa sityÂsagan kanonni id” (14) da `missive paseqisaTÂs Tqumulisa sityÂsagan kanoni a” (1), e.i. sul 15. xolo rac Seexeba basilis danarCeni epistoleebis CamoTvlaSi gansxvavebas `Zegliswerasa” da `did sjuliskanons” Soris, rac xazgasmuli aqvs k.kekeliZes, aRvniSnavT, rom `ZeglisweraSi” es epistoleebi zustad isea CamoTvlili, rogorc es `didi sjuliskanonis” Sesaval statiaSi gvaqvs.

SeiZleba mainc dagvebados eWvi, rom `Zegliswera” dawerilia `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTulad Targmnamde da avtorma nomokanonis anu ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis Sedgenilobis gadmosacemad gamoiyena romeliRac berZnuli xelnaweris is monacemebi, romelSic Sesavali statiebi iseve iyo, rogorc `didi sjuliskanonis” nusxebSi gvaqvs. aris raime xelisSesaxebi faqtebi, romlebic daamtkiceben `Zeglisweris” mier `didi sjuuliskanonis” qarTuli nusxebiT sargeblobis aucileblobas?

`ZeglisweraSi” vkiTxulobT: `ese arian Sekrebani wmidaTa da saeklesioTa kanonTani, dabeWdulni da damarxulni TÂnier yovlisa Sematebisa da moklebisa, da amaTi mecniereba da SedgomaÁ da mtkiced pyrobaÁ uÃms yovelTa winamZRuarTa qristianobiTisa madideblobisaTa: mRdelmTavarTa da mRdelTa da diakonTa da Cuen Soris moZRurad saxeldebulTa maTca monazonTa da... erTbamad yovelsa savsebasa marTlmadidebelTa eklesiisasa”1. eWvi ar aris, rom dasaxelebuli kodeqsi saxelmZRvanelod aris aRiarebuli am SemTxvevaSi qarTuli eklesiisaTvis, radgan misi `mecnierebaÁ”, `Sedgoma da mtkiced pyrobaÁ”, rac qarTveli mkiTxvelis sayurasdRebodaa naTqvami `Zeglisweris” avtoris mier, `sjuliskanonis” qarTuli Targmanis arsebobas unda gulisxmobdes, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Zneli dasajerebelia, rom qarTvel `mRvdelmTavarTa”, `mRdelTa”

1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo prof. i. doliZem, Tb., 1970, gv. 112.

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da `diakonTa” am Zeglis berZnuli dedniT sargebloba ase kategoriulad moeTxovebodes.

erTi konkretuli magaliTi ufro sarwmunod xdis varauds, rom `Zegliswera” sargeblobs `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli TargmaniT. `ZeglisweraSi”, sadac CamoTvlilia `didi sjuliskanonis” (an ufro sworad, 14-titlovani nomokanonis) Sedgeniloba, sxva statiebis ricxvSi dasaxelebulia `filoTeos aleqsandrielisa RmrTis gamoCinebisaTÂs Tqumulisagan”1. ̀ didi sjuliskanonis” qarTul Targmansa da 14-titlovani nomokanonis berZnuli xelnawerebis ZiriTad teqstSi, marTlac, Setanilia dasaxelebuli kanoni, oRond avtors `Teofileos aleqsandrieli” ewodeba, rac igivea, magram sainteresoa, saidan gaCnda `ZeglisweraSi” es saxeli `filoTeos”-is formiT?

wyaro SesaZlebelia iyos mxolod da mxolod `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli Targmanis Sesavali nawilis zemodasaxelebuli kanonTa sia, sadac Cvenamde moRweuli yvela uZvelesi nusxa am saxels `filoTeos”-is formiT xmarobs, xolo berZnuli xelnawerebi Sesabamis siaSi gamonaklisis gareSe - `Teofiles” (gamonaklisia mxolod G xelnaweri, romelic gviandeli nasworebia berZnuli nusxis mixedviT).

amrigad, naTelia, rom berZnuli saxelis `Teofiles” `filoTeosad” gadakeTeba qarTul niadagze moxda da amdenad `Zegliswerac” `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTul nusxas eyrdnoba da ara berZnuls.

da mainc yvelaze naTeli dasturi imisa, rom ̀ Zeglisweris” erT-erTi ZiriTadi wyaro `didi sjuliskanonia”, am ZeglTa teqstobrivi urTierTmimarTebis magaliTebia.

`Zeglisweris~: zogierTi kanoni ama Tu im danaSaulis gamo konkretul sasjels ki ar asaxelebs, rogorc es mosalodneli iyo Zeglisweris” sxva kanonebis, an msoflio da adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa mier miRebuli kanonebis msgavsad, aramed miuTiTebs `didi sjuliskanonSi” Sesul sxvaadsxva ganwesebaze: mag., `Zeglisweris” me-5 kanonSi vkiTxulobT: `xolo qrTamisaTvis da safasisa, romelsa miiReben ÃelTdamsxmelni ÃelTdasxmulTagan zemoÁTganisa wmidaTa mociqulTa da mamaTa mocemisaebr ganinebad vikadrebT Cuenca”2. aq naTladaa naCvenebi, rom am kanonis dadgenisas ruis-urbnisis kreba eyrdnoba aRniSnul kodeqss da pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom sasjeli gamotanilia mociqulTa 29 kanonis Sesabamisad, xolo `mamaTa mocmeisaebr ganCineba”-Si ki igulisxmeba sxavdasxva saeklesio krebTa mier mociqulTa kanonebis gaTvaliswinebiT gamotanili kanonebi (msoflio da adgilobriv krebebs saTaurSive ewodebaT `wmida mamaTa” krebebi) da saeklesio moRvaweTa epistoleebi, romlebic 14-titlovan

1 iqve, gv. 111.2 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 116.

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nomokanonSi Sevida. amasTanave `zemoÁTganisa”-Si SeiZleba asaxuli iyos is faqti, rom `Zegliswera” Tavidanve gansazRvruli iyo `didi sjuliskanonis” erT-erTi nusxis damatebad da es sityva SeiZleba miuTiTebdes `Zeglisweris” teqstze win moTavsebul `didi sjuliskanonis” teqstze, romelic Seicavs am citataSi dasaxelebul mociqulTa da `mamaTa” kanonebs, Tu, ra Tqma unda, am sityvaSi ar igulisxmeba `ZeglisweraSi” warmodgenili kanonikuri kodeqsis Sedgeniloba.

Semdeg, `Zeglisweris” me-13 kanoni, rmelic krZalavs yovelgvari saero da savaWro saqmeebisaTvis eklesiaSi Sekrebas, gamotanilia `wmida ammaTa da krebaTa” miTiTebaTa safuZvelze1. `Zeglisweris” me-6 kanoni, romelic exeba samRdelo WurWlisa da SewirulebaTa xelSeuxeblobas, aRniSnavs: `ganvawesebT SedgomiTa wmidaTa kanonTa”2.

`Zeglisweris” me-16 kanoni krZalavs marTlmadideblis mwvalebelTan SeuRlebas da am kanonis damrRvevi `ganikanonebis igi pirvelTqumuliTa amiT kanoniTa”3.

xSiria `Zegliswerisa” da `didi sjuliskanonis” teqstobriv-Sinaarsobrivi Tanxvedris SemTxvevebi, maTgan Cven oriode magaliTiT davkmayofildebiT:

`Zeglisweris” me-5 kanoni`xolo qrTamisaTÂs da safasisa, romelsa miiReben ÃelTdamsxmelni

ÃelTdasxmulTagan, zemoÁTganisa wmidaTa mociqulTa da mamaTa mocemisaebr ganCinebad vikadrebT Cuenca, raÁTa moispos egeviTari igi eklesiisagan da aRikveTos mRdelobisagan makurTxevlisa TÂsisa Tana... da SeiCuenos, viTarca sÂmeon mogÂ petre mociqulisagan”4.

mociqulTa 29-e kanoni`ukueTu vinme episkoposi saÃmarTa mier dampyrobel iqmnes pativsa missa, anu

xucesi anu diakoni, ganikueTen igica da ÃelTdamsxmelnica misi da moekueTen yovlad yovliTurT ziarebisagan, viTarca simon mogÂ Cem petresagan”.

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom am sakiTxSi mociqulTa damowmebul kanons imeorebs VI msofl. krebis 22 da 23 kanonebic `romelnica wargebiTa saÃmarTaÁTa, ese igi ars qrTamiTa ÃelTdasxmul iqmnen, ginaTu episkoposi, anu romlisaca samRdeloÁsa dasisagani... ganikueTen, viTarca sÂmon mogÂsa Surisa da sacTurisa da borotisa moqmedisa ziari”.

Zeglisweris” me-9 kanoni`xolo meoreTa gÂrgÂnTa makurTxeveli xucesi samxrobad nu mivals maT

Tana”.

1 iqve, gv. 119.2 iqve, gv. 117.3 iqve, gv. 120.4 qarT. samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 120.

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neokesariis me-7 kanoni`xucesi qorwilsa meored qorwinebulTasa nu Tana-meinaÃe eqmnebis

samxrobasa”.msgavsi magaliTebi, romelTagan mxolod mcireodeni aRvniSneT garkveuli

mizezebis gamo, iZlevian safuZvels `Zegliswera” `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli teqstis gaTvaliswinebiT Camoyalibebul Zeglad miviCnioT. amjerad Cven `ZegliswerasTan” dakavSirebuli sakiTxebidan mxolod erT sakiTxs – mis damokidebulebas `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTul TargmanTan – SevexeT, xolo TviT am umniSvnelovanesi originaluri kanonikuri Zeglis yovelmxrivi Seswavla momavlis gadaudebeli saqmea1.

ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom `didi sjuliskanonis” erT-erTi uZvelesi nusxa C (A - 124), am Zeglis danarCeni qarTuli nusxebisagan gansxvavebiT, damatebiTi statiebis ricxvSi ar Seicavs `Zeglisweras”, safiqrebelia im mizeziT, rom am xelnaweris, Tu misi dednis gadaweris dros `Zegliswera” jer kidev ar arsebobda.

maSasadame, `didi sjuliskanoni” Targmnilia ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis mowvevamde. ruis-urbnisis krebis TariRad qarTul samecniero literaturaSi damkvidrebulia 1103w., romelic, Cveni azriT, koreqtivs moiTxovs.

ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis mowvevis TariRi arcerT saistorio wyaroSi aRniSnuli ar aris. pirveli istorikosi, romelmac scada gaerkvia krebis TariRi daviT aRmaSeneblis istoriaze dayrdnobiT, vaxuSti batoniSvili iyo: ...Semdgomad gamovidnen frangni, aRiRes ierusalimi welsa 1101, qarTulsa 321. amasve welsa aRiRo cixe zedazeni mefeman kÂrike mefisagan, Semdgomad weliwadisa miicvala kÂrike da dasves Zmiswuli misi aRsarTan, aramed ganixila mefeman, rameTu saxlni RvTisani qvab avazakTa qmnil iyvnen, mwyemsni, aramed mgelni, amisTÂs Sehkribna kaTalikos-episkoposni da samRdeloni mamulisa TÂsisani da sxva kerZonica, hqmna kreba wesa 1103 wels, qarTulsa 323”2.

amave TariRs asaxelebs yvela mkvlevari, romelsac am krebis Sesaxeb specialurad, Tu gakvriT hqonia saubari. iv. javaxiSvili, eyrdnoba ra daviTis istoriis imave adgils, romlis Sinaaris vaxuStis istoriis mixedviT zemoT movitaneT, aRniSnavs, rom daviT mefem kÂrikes zedaznis cixe waarTva qoronikonsa 323 e.i. 1101w. aq TvanaTliv Cans, rom 323 qoronikonis gamoangariSebaSi meqanikuri Secdomaa daSvebuli, radgan 323 q-ni udris ara 1101w., aramed 1103w. rogor avxsnaT, rom xsenebul istorikosTa naSromebSi erTi da igive wyarodan

1 ̀ Zeglisweris” zogierTi sakiTxi (avtorisa da wyaroTa zogadi mimoxilva) ganxiluli gvaqvs statiaSi `ruis-urbnisis `Zeglisweris” avtoris vinaobisaTvis” (k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa institutis XIV samecn. sesiis Tezisebi, Tb., 1972). am Zeglis Seswavlis Sedegebze ix. e. gabiZaSvili, ruis-urbnisis krebis `Zegliswera~, Tbilisi, 1978 w. 2 vaxuSti batoniSvili, saqarTvelos istoria, 1885, gv. 174.

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aRebuli qoronikoni gansxvavebulia, vaxuStiT 321, javaxiSviliT 323. Tu pirveli qoronikoni sworia, daaxloebiTi gamoangariSebiT ruis-urbnisis kreba, marTlac 1103w. mouwveviaT, xolo Tu 323 qoronikonia ufro zusti, maSin kreba 1105w. Semdgara. qoronikonis dasaxelebaSi arc erTi istorikosi ar cdeba: qarTlis cxovrebis nusxebi TviT gansxvavdebian variantulad erTmaneTisagan dasaxelebuli qoronikonis gadmocemaSi. qoronikoni 323, romelsac iv. javaxiSvili uTiTebs, gvaqvs erTaderT, magram yvelaze uZveles nusxaSi – anaseul qarTlis cxovrebaSi (Q795), xolo vaxuSti eyrdnoba erT im mravalricxovan gviandel nusxaTagans, romelic 321 qoronikons uCvenebs (aqve aRvniSneT, rom WalaSviliseuli da mariamiseuli qarTlis cxovrebis nusxebSi es qoronikoni saerTod ar aris dasaxelbuli).

amrigad, imave meTodiT, rogorc es vaxuStis da iv. javaxiSvils aqvT gamoangariSebuli, da 323 qoronikonze dayrdnobiT ruis-urbnisis saeklesio kreba 1105w. mouwveviaT.

aqedan gamomdinare, `didi sjuliskanoni” qarTulad 1105 wlamde – ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis mowvevamdea Targmnili.

varaudi, rom ̀ Zegliswera” didi sjuliskanonis gaTvalsiwinebiTaa Sedgenili, niuxedavad argumentTa simravlisa, ver xsnis `ZeglisweraSi” ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis Sedgenilobis zogierT ucnaurobebs da aSkara Secdomebs:

1. sardikiis krebis dausaxeleblobis gamo ukve aRvniSneT.2. `Zeglisweris” mixedviT laodikiis krebis 21 kanonia dasaxelebuli. aseTi

wyaros arseboba aSkarad gamoricxulia, radgan yovelgvari gamonaklisis gareSe berZnuli da qarTuli wyaroebi yovelTvis 59 kanons gviCvenebs. aq `Zeglisweris” avtoris an nusxaTa gadamweris SecdomasTan gvaqvs saqme.

3. nikiis meore msoflio kreba `ZeglisweraSi” msoflio krebad ar aris dasaxelebuli da amasTanave 18 kanoni miewereba da ara 22, rogorc es unda iyos. am Secdomis mizezi SeiZleba iyos C A-124 nusxis msgavsi xelnaweri, romelic Sesaval statiaSi nikiis meore krebas 17 kanons miawers, xolo ZiriTad teqstSi CamoTvlis 17 kanonis teqsts, i À (18) kanonis cifrobriv maCvenebels svams da Semdeg aRniSnavs, rom aq am xelnaweris dedans akldao. saniSnebelia, rom dasaxelebul SesavalSi `didi sjuliskanonis” nusxebi arc nikiis meore da arc sxva msoflio krebaTa aRniSvnisas ar xmaroben `msoflio krebas”.

4. `ZeglisweraSi” konstantinopolis 879 wlis krebas meSvide msoflio kreba ewodeba. marTalia, aseTi saxelwodebiT am krebas ar asaxelebs arc erTi berZnuli da qarTuli wyaro, magram es SeiZleba imis gamoZaxili iyos, rom es kreba mis mier dagenil kanonTa teqstebSi ramdenimejer Tavis Tavs msoflio krebas uwoddebs, magram mas merve msoflio krebis pretenzia hqonda da ara meSvidisa, romlis kanonebs TviTon amtkicebs.

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`Zeglisweris” aq wamoWrili sakiTxebi damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs, raTa dadgindes am SecdomTa Tu gansxvavebaTa mizezebi da wyaroebi.

teqstisaTvis

winamdebare gamocemisaTvis gamoviyeneT `didi sjuliskanonis” uZvelesi xelnawerebi: A-76, XIIs., A-124, XIs., quT. 25, XIIs.; A-171, XIIIs., quT. 17, XIIIs., A-1102, XIIIs., H-1670, XIII-XIVss. da A-1116, XV-XVIss. (Tavbolonakluli nusxa). ZiriTad nusxad aRebulia A-76 k. kekeliZis miTiTebis Tanaxmad. danarCen nusxaTa variantuli Cvenebani sqolioebSia asaxuli. ZiriTadi nusxis mcdari wakiTxvebi sxva nusxaTa swori formebiTaa gasworebuli, xolo ZirTadi nusxis Cveneba sqolioSia Catanili. `didi sjuliskanonis” gviandeli nusxebi (A-9, A-741, H-1376, Q-53, A-1402, quT. 26) XVIIIs. xelnawerebia da teqstis dadgenisas mxedvelobaSi ar aris miRebuli, radgan isini Zveli nusxebis aslebs warmoadgens da maTi variantuli sxvaobani gadamwerTa mier daSvebuli SecdomebiTa da orTografiuli siWreliT Semoifargleba. originalobiT gamoirCeva mxolod A-741 nusxa, romelSic ar aris Sesavali statiebi da sistematuri nawili kanonTa teqstebis bolosaa gadatanili (warmoadgens A-124 nusxis asls). gamocemaSi teqsti imave TanamimdevrobiTaa warmodgenili, rogorc ZiriTad xelnawerebSia. gamonaklisia daSvebuli `pavle mociqulisa” da `petre da pavles” kanonTa teqstebisaTvis, romlebic, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, `didi sjulsikanonis” zogierTi nusxis gviandel danamats warmoadgenen, amitom uxerxulad CavTvaleT teqsts dasaxelebuli statiebiT dawyeba da, Cvenis azriT, Sesaferisi adgili mivuCineT: gadavitaneT `mociqulTa kanonebis” Semdeg, Tanac, ZiriTadi teqstisagan gamoyofis mizniT, petitiT warmovadgineT. aqve davsZenT, rom dasaxelebul statiaTa teqstis dadgenisaTvis, garda A da G nusxebisa, gamoviyeneT A-737 XIVs. xelnawerSi daculi am statiebis teqstebic, romlebic sqolioebSi N literiTaa warmodgenili. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom am statiebis farglebSi ZiriTad xelnawerad G nusxaa gamoyenebuli, romelSic XIII-XIVss. teqstia mocemuli, radgan A nusxaSi warmodgenili igive teqsti gacilebiT gviandelia (XVIs.).

`didi sjuliskanonis” sistematuri nawilis EG nusxebSi warmodgenili samoqalaqo kanonTa Semcveli teqstis is nawili, romelic arsen iyalToelis Targmanis teqstTan SedarebiT metia da, rogorc aRvniSneT, gviandeli Targmnilia, gansxvavebuli SriftiTaa warmodgenili, rac mkiTxvels gauadvilebs Tavdapirveli Targmanisagan gviandelis gamoyofas da misi moculobis gansazRvras. amasTanave teqstis am monakveTSi ZiriTad nusxad aRebulia G xelnaweri, radganac is E nusxasTan SedarebiT sruladaa daculi.

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teqstSi varskvlavebiTaa (*) aRniSnuli da sqolioebSi naCvenebi: 1) teqstis is monakveTi an sityva,romelsac ekuTvnis xelnawerebis aSiebze miwerili `Seiswaveni” da SeniSvnebi, 2) Zveli da axali `aRTqmis” wignebidan amoRebuli citatebi, Tu maTi perifrazi, 3) teqstis gamocemasTan dakavSirebuli SeniSvnebi.

teqstis variantul kiTxva-sxvaobaTa Cvenebisas Segnebulad avuareT gverdi teqstSi im sityvis cifrebiT aRniSvnas, romelsac sqolioSi varianti moepoveba, da gamoviyeneT striqonTa saTvalavis sistema.

sqolioSi yovelTvis araa naCvenebi im sityvaTa variantebi, romelTa xmarebas garkveul nusxebSi sistematuri xasiaTi aqvs; mag. konstantinupoli, laudikia - AG nusxebSi; ebiskoposi, ebistole, Sjuli – C nusxaSi da sxva.

berZnulTan SedarebiT qarTuli nusxebis nakluli adgilebi araa berZnuli nusxebis mixedviT aRdgenili. qarTuli xelnawerebis Cveneba gasworebulia berZnuli gamocemebis mixedviT mxolod maSin, Tuki am Cvenebas qarTul nusxaTagan erTi mainc uWers mxars. gamonaklisia daSvebuli VI msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis im adgilisaTvis, sadac gamotovebulia petre aleqsandrielis saxeli, radgan am kanonSi warmodgenilia am droisaTvis moqmedi ZiriTadi kanonikuri krebulis Sedgeniloba da qarTuli nusxebis xarvezis Seusworeblad datoveba uxerxulobas Seqmnida. ar aris gasworebuli iseTi Secdomebic, romlebic dednis Sesabamisi adgilis araswori gagebis niadagzea aRmocenebuli, xolo qarTuli nusxebi ki variantul wakiTxvebs ar iZleva. mag., berZnuli Σηκουνδος warmoadgens erT-erTi eklesiis saxelwodebas, xolo qarTul TargmanSi ki gvaqvs `sayudlisasa”, aseve Φλαβίου Εύαγρίου mTargmnels ori sxvadasxva piris saxelebad miuCnevia da `da” kavSiriT gauyvia `flabiossa da evagressa”, ελευθερία, rac `Tavisuflebas” niSnavs, sakuTar saxelad - `elefTeri” – aris gagebuli da sxv.

berZnuli gamocemebis mixedviT mxolod `ganwesebani yovlad wm. mociqulisa pavlesni” da `ganwesebani... petre da pavlesni” davmuxleT, radganac qarTuli Targmani daumuxlavad aris warmodgenili.

gamocmeuli teqstis aSiebze miwerili ricxvebi ZiriTadi (A) nusxis gverdebs uCvenebs, xolo sistematuri nawilis im teqstisaTvis, romelic mxolod EG xelnawerebSi gvaqvs, gverdebi naCvenebia G xelnaweris mixedviT da amitom gverdebis aRmniSvnel ricxvebs win G literi uzis.

sqolioebSi ar vaCveneT calkeul nusxaTa is minawerebi, romlebsac `didi sjuliskanonis” teqstTan kavSiri ara aqvT da umetesad TviT xelnawerTa istorias asaxaven. es minawerebi qvemoT xelnawerTa mokle aRwerilobebSi aris motanili.

bolos saWirod migvaCnia ganvmartoT xelnawerTa fondebis aRmniSvneli pirobiTi niSnebi:

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A – yof. `saeklesio muzeumis xelnawerTa fondi”, amJamad xelnawerTa institutis fondi.

H – yof. `saqarT, saistorio-saeTnografio sazogadoebis muzeumis xelnawerTa fondi”, amJamad xelnawerTa institutis fondi.

quT. – quTaisis saistorio-saeTnografio muzeumis xelnawerTa fondi.

xelnawerTa mokle aRweriloba

A (A-76)

qaRaldi, 312 furceli (zoma 31,7X24, teqsti 24,3X16) bolo restavraciis Semdeg gakeTebuli paginaciiT. rveulebis saTvalavi me-4 furclidan 250 furc. CaTvliT ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT – a – l a (bolo rveulSi 7 furcelia); nusxuri, naweria or svetad; TiToeul svetSi 32 striqoni. ZiriTadi teqsti – XIIs. (4 _ 250 furclebi): 1 _ 3 furclebi XVIs. xeliT (bolo, me-3 furc. v-ze dawerilia mxolod I svetis ori mesamedi); WvirniSani ara aqvs. 251r-311v dawerilia XVIs. xeliT, or svetad, 32-33 striqoni TiToeuli (SesaZlebelia, igive xeli iyos, rac 1_3 furclisa, oRond ufro wvrilad naweri; WvirniSniani). 311v-312r dauwerelia. am gverdebze mravladaa sxvadasxva droisa da saxis minawerebi. 251r-dan grZeldeba rveulebis saTvalavi l b – l T (bolo rveulSi 6 furcelia). 250v- ze ZirTadi teqstis xeliT gadamweris SeniSvna - `didebaÁ... RmerTsa, romelman srul-yo” – migvaniSnebs, rom Tavdapirveli teqsti, romelic iwyeboda 4r –ze (`SekrebaÁ kanonTa saeklesioTaÁ...”), mTavrdeboda 250v- ze `ZeglisweraÁ wmidisa da RmrTiv Sekrebulisa krebisaÁ”-s bolo sityvebiT. e.i. Zveli teqsti sruli saxiT aris gadarCenili.

xelnaweri, garda `didi sjuliskanonis” ZiriTadi teqstisa, Seicavs damatebiT statiebs:

1. `ZeglisweraÁ ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebisa” (ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT 250v).

2. ̀ kanoni meequse karTagens Sina SekrebulTa oras aTSÂdmetTa netarTa mamaTa, raÁTa sacxebeli xucesTa mier ara iqmnebodis” (250r - 255v –es da momdevno statiebi XVIs. nusxuriT).

3. `kanoni meSÂde karTagens SekrebulTa oras aTSÂdmetTa RmrTiv-SemosilTa mamaTa ZÂrTa Sina STavrdomilTa dagebisaTÂs” (255v – 260r).

4. `karTagenis Sinasa wmidisa krebisa kanonTa ormeocdamesame `SemnanebelTaTÂs” (260r-280v).

5. `kanoni sameocdamecxre wmidaTa mociqulTaÁ oTxSabaT-paraskevTaTÂs” (280v-299v).

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6. `kanonni SecodebulTani, aRwerili netarisa mamisa Cuenisa ioanes mier konstantinepolel mTavarepiskoposisa, romelsa ewoda mmarxvel” (299v-304r).

7. `kanonni SecodebulTani, ganwesebulni mamisa Cuenisa ioane mmarxvelisa mier konstantinepolel patriarqisa” (304r-309v).

8. `kanonni dRiTi-dRedTa codvaTani, viTarca wmidaman basili ganmiwesa” (309v-311r).

minawerebi: teqstis xeliT gadamweris SeniSvnebi:1. `sxuaÁ vin daepyras amas zanduksa, Tu ara me daveÃsen” (35r).2. `didebaÁ da madli RmerTsa, romelman srul-yo” (250r).3. `mweralo, aqa frTxilad” (194r).4. gviandeli xeliT, mxedruliT: `rjulis kanoni ekuTvnis dids mcxeTis

soboros Cyne (1855) wells” (1r, 11r, 21r, 36r, 60r, 71r, 91r, 112r, 133r, 154r, 175r, 196r, 214r, 235r, 255r, 276r, 298r, 311r).

5. gviandeli nusxuriT, Savi melniT: ìesu RmerTo, Seiwyale codvili uRirsi beri xariton, amin da vinca brZanoT, vinca Segiwyalnes RmerTman. amin, ufalo, iesu RmerTo” (126v).

6. XVII sauk. nusxuriT: ìeso qriste, Seiwyale suli friad codvilisa, mona RmrTisa tfileli ioseb” (`didmouravianis” avtori, 249r).

7. RmerTo, nu wamwymed codvilsa mcxeTis kandelaks petres, q ks u z (1719w.), petre” (xelrTva, 257v).

8. teqstis bolo nawilis gadamweris xeliT (XVIs.) `didebaÁ da madli RmerTsa, romelman srul-yo” (311r).

9. iqve, gviandeli mxedruliT: `samas cxra furcelia srulebiT. amas garda sami furceli kidev Tavsa Zevs – mociqulTa kanoni petresi da pavlesi”.

10. mxedruliT: `q. welsa 1831 rac aq yovelTa krebulTagan kanonebia dasxmuli, yovelive TiToeulad Seemowma Tavis winasityvaobiT rusuls kormCis wigns mxolod eseni, rac aq sweria, TÂnier qarTvelT krebisa, vinadgan ese sakuTrad saqarTevlosa da ara msoflio. m (Rdel)-m(onazoni) tarasi. ioxeT, wmidano mamano” (311v).

(tarasi, arqimandriti kavTisxevis monastrisa, XIXs. I naxevris cnobili moRvawea).

11. gviandeli nusxuriT: èse sjuliskanoni me, anCisxatis kandelaks daviT, Tamazxan rom qalaqSi Semovida, mesame dRes davixsen TaTrisagan. sveticxovlisa iyo da isev sveticxovelsa Sevwire sulisa Cemisa saxsrad da Zisa Cemisa miqelis sadRegrZelod. Sendobasa brZanebdeT” (311v).

(Tamaz-xanis (1524-1576ww.) Semoseva saqarTveloze da Tbilisis aoxreba 1536 wels moxda).

128

12. XVIs. mxedruliT: `q. Semogwire me, vaCnasZeman roinis Svilma, boqaulT uxucesma ioram, ese wigni sjuliskanoni Tquen wmidasa da caTa mobaZavsa saydarsa, suetsa RmrTiv aRmarTebulsa, kuarTsa sameufosa da mironsa wmidasa sulisa Cuenisa saxsrad da CuenTuis sadRegrZelod. mas Jamsa, rodes mefe batoni suimon urumTagan datyuevda da Cuen xuanTqarTana elCad wavediT, da ese wigni datyuevebuli vipoveT da davixseniT da viyideT oTxmeoc flurad, movitaneT da SevswireT suetsa coxvelsa CuenTuis sadRegrZelod da sulisa Cuenisa saxsrad. RmerTo da sueto RTiv aRmarTebulo, Seiwire Cuengan mcire ese Sesawiravi da nu dagusji dResa mas gankiTxvisa Cuenisasa, amin”. (312r).

(svimon I (1558-1569ww.) daatyveves 1569w.).13. ufro gviandeli gaurkveveli mxedruliT leqsis magvari teqsti; ikiTxeba

mxolod fragmentulad, rasac misdevs uSnod naweri mxwedruliT: `me qarTlis kaTalikozman davswyevle gurgena garayanis Ze” (212r-v). momdevno teqsti, albaT, wyevlaa – gaurkvevelia.

14. vefxistyaosnis erTi strofi (908-e akad. gamocemis mixedviT) XVIIIs. xeliT (313v).

xelnaweri aRwerilia: 1. Θ. Жорданиа, Описание рукописей и старопеч. книг церков. музея духов. Груз. епархии, кн. I. 2. Бенешевич В.Н. Грузинский Великий номоканон по спискам Тифлисского церковного музея, Христианский восток, II, вып. III, СПБ, 1914, стр. 351-354. 3. xelnawerTa aRweriloba, A fondi, nakv. I, 1974w.

B(quT. 25)

bombicini, 29X19, teqstis zoma – 22X12; 313 furceli. TiToeul gverdze 29 striq.; XIIs. lamazi nusxuriT; 2 – 311f. ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT, 1r-v Sedar. gviandeli xeliT; 312-313f. mogviano wvrili nusxuriT. moxatuli sazedao asoebiTa da TavsamkaulebiT.

iwyeba: `SekrebaÁ kanonTa saeklesioTaÁ ganyofili a[ToTxmet nawilad]”.mTavrdeba: ùwyebaÁ mizezsa qarTvelTa mowcevisasa...” bolonakluli, wydeba:

`da mier dRiTgan daepyra...”pirveli furclis Sua nawili amoWrilia, 191v da 192r Sua 3 furceli aklia.

gadamweri grigoli CaxrexaÁsZe (ix. anderZis teqsti. 296r).damatebiTi statiebi: 1. `ZeglisweraÁ wmidisa da RmrTiv-Semokrebulisa

krebisaÁ” (ruis-urbnisis) – teqstis xeliT (296v-309v). 2. ùwyebaÁ mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa...” bolonakluli (da-ax. XVIs. xeliT, 312r-313v).

minawerebi: 1. ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT: àqa ricxvsa zeda kanonni maklian, vinaÁTgan aman krebaman asocdaaTrvametni kanonni dasxna” (150r). (SeniSvna uadgiloa, radgan aq karTagenis krebis 138-ve kanoni adgilzea).

2. `qriste RmerTo, Seiwyale grigoli, amin” (116r).

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3. `Ä me, rameTu amanve sulTa ganmxrwnelman mamonaman myvna Cuen mona yovlisa arawmidebisa da uRmrTebisa meufeni... mTavarni, mRdelni, mTavarni mÃedarni da yoveli naTesavi qarTvelTaÁ amisTÂs samarTlad miveceniT satanjvelad da mosasrvelad naTesavsa ugulisÃmosa da umecarsa RmrTisasa, ulmobelsa, uwyalosa da sisxlis mWamelsa, raJams Ziri ese yovelTa vnebaTaÁ yovelTave viTarca mSÂnvaÁ... SevitkbeT. amieriTgan nuRara mkiTxav, Tu raodenni morCni xe0nergisa amis Zirisa arian angaharebaÁ, Suri, mterobaÁ, siZulili, ÃdomaÁ, ampartavanebaÁ, parvaÁ, avazakobaÁ, kaciskvlaÁ, siZvaÁ, mruSebaÁ... moiwivnes risxvaÁ samarTali, viTarca urCTaTÂs saxarebisaTa da morCilTa sicruisaTa” (213r).

4. [sr]ul iqmnnes [ti]bikonni yovlad [S]uenierni” (285r).5. SedarebiT gviandeli nusxuriT: `RmerTo da varZiisa RmrTismSobelo,

Seiwyale friad codvili amisi mkazmavi, amin” (177v).6. ̀ advil xilvisTÂs Tavzed sxolioÁ movwere me, undoman da codvilman berman

dionisi, vinca mxilvelTa da mkiTxvelTa wmidisa amis wignisaTa gevedrebiT, raTa cdomilebaÁ momiteoT da SendobaÁ gÂbrZanoT, o no” (290r).

7. `saxeliTa RmrTisaÁTa, meoxebiTa wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaTa mose fafeauris Ze Rirs viqmen povnad wignisa moZRuarsa qristeaneTa da movaÃs[ene] monastersa juarisa patiosansa salocavad C[emTa] mSobelTa da[Zma]Ta CemTaTÂs, vinca ese sulisa Cemisa naSromi j[uars ga]moaÃuas, ama krebaTa kanons...” (296r).

8. (dawerilia Sebrunebulad) `RmerTo Cemo, romelman simdabliT juarcma jer-iCine, Rirs m[yav saRuT]osa ziarebasa, romelman wmidaÁ ese sjuliskanoni daviÃ[sen da kualad]ve juars Sevswire sulisa Cemisa saÃsrad da mSobelTa CemTa Sesandob[lad]. qoronikoni ti (1622w.) nikoloz ColoyaSvilman metexTwinamZRvarman” (300v).

9. `Cuen, quTaTel mitropolitman maqsime, viyideT wmidaÁ ese wigni sjuliskanoni da SevswireT quTaisis yovlad wmidasa sameoxod sulTa CuenTa. vinc gamoswiros da daukargos, SeCuenebul iyos, an vinc dawindos” (311v).

10. mxedruliT: `me, friad codvilman batoniSvilman dimitri...” (156r). danarCeni teqsti furclis qveda kidesTan erTad CamoWrilia.

11. Znelad amosdakiTxavi sakmaod Zveli mxedruliT gakeTebuli minawerebis fragmentebi (53v da 252v).

xelnaweri aRwerilia: 1. quTaisis saxlemwifo muzeumis xelnawerTa aRweriloba, t. I, Sedg. e. nikolaZis mier, Tb., 1953w. (mxolod ramdenime minaweria gamotanili).

2. Бенешевич В.Н. Христианский Восток, V, II вып. СПБ, 1917. стр. 120-122 (Zalian mokle).

130

C(A-124)

qaRaldi; 626 gv. (122-is Semdeg gadamxtaria 133 gverdze); 25X18, teqsti 19,8X11,8. rveulebis saTvalavi a – l T (bolo rveulSi xuTi furceli, xolo 24-eSi 6 furceli); aklia erTi furceli 622-sa da 623 gv. Sua; dauwerelia: 86, 566 (mx. ori striqonia dawerili tavSi), 567-568, 604 gverdebi.

teqsti dawerilia XIs. nusxuriT.`didi sjuliskanonis” garda xelnaweri Seicavs damatebiT statiebs:1. `wmidisa basilis kanonTagan: monastersa Sina yovelnivemca wesierad arian”

(563-565). amave statiis gagrZelebad (gv. 565) gviandeli nusxuriT miwerilia (ioane mmarxvelis nomokanonis bolo?) 11 striqoni. amis Semdeg 566-568 gverdebi dauwerelia.

2. `Tu viTar jer-ars SewynarebaÁ, romeli huriaTagan sarwmunoebasa qisteaneTasa mouÃdebodis” (569-571gv.).

3. `aRweraÁ usrulesi-re: Tu viTar jer-ars SewynarebaÁ, romeli huriaTagan sarwmunoebasa qisteaneTasa mouÃdebodis” (571-578gv.).

4. wesi, romeli iqmnebis moqceulsa zeda sarkinozTagan wmidisa momarT da WeSmaritisa sarwmunoebisa Cuen qristeaneTaÁsa” (578-786).

5. SeCuenebani iakobitTa da yovelTa erTbunebaTani, romelTa Tana arian somexnica” (587-593).

6. `sacxorebelisaTÂs vnebisa qristesisa da viTarmed RmrTis mavnebelni arian metyuelni, viTarmed: wmidao ukudao, romeli juars ecu da ivne” (593-600; 601 gv. dauwerelia).

7. `aRsarebaÁ da uwyebaÁ marTlisa sarwmunoebisaÁ da wmidaTa krebaTaTÂs, romelTa jer-ars yovelTa qristeaneTaTÂs, raÁTa keTilad da gamowulilviT mecnier iyvnen” (602).

8. `wmidisa foti patriarqisa aRwerili” (602-603).9. usaTaurod: kiTxva-migebani (604-619).10. `ganCinebaÁ sarwmunoebisaÁ didebulisa ioanes mier RmrTismetyuelisa

gamocxadebiT sakÂrvelTmoqmedisa grigolis mimarT, viTarca xuaSnebiTa RmrTismSobelisaÁTa da ese igi sarwmunoebaÁ ars, romlisaTÂs grigoli sakÂrvelTmoqmedman iloca da CuenebiT RmerTman aswava da man dawera Zilsa Sina da, odes ganeRÂZa, ÃelTa aqunda” (619-620).

11. `locvaÁ lxinebisaÁ maTTÂs, romelni uarisyofisagan moqceul iyvnen qristeanobad: axlad Targmna ese giorgi” (620-622).

12. `locvaÁ sxuaÁ eseca aRmsarebelsa vidre zeda” (622).13. `sxuaÁ locvaÁ egreTve aRmsarebelsa” (622); momd. furc. moWrilia,

teqsti bolonakluli).

131

14. `...elisaTÂs gangebulisaTÂs uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesa” (623-626).minawerebi: 1. gadamweris xeliT aSiaze sityva `fasoÁsaman”-is gaswvriv:

`foTsa ityÂs” (376gv.).2. XIXs. mxedruliT: ìoane naTlismcemlisa udabnoÁsa”.3. aSiaze (mTargmnelis? mier) singuriT: àmis qalaqisa saxeli arca berZulsa

dedasa ewera” (386gv.).4. nikiis meore krebis me-18 kanonis saTauri wydeba: `saepiskopososa Sina anu

sa...” gadamweris SeniSvna: àqa aklia dedisagan” (402). (e.i. aklia am krebis 18-22 kanonebis teqsti). danaklisisaTvis adgili ar aris datovebuli da uSualod mosdevs tarasi patriarqis adrianesadmi epistolis saTauri. am saTaurs 402 gverdis ukanaskneli striqonebi uWiravs. teqstis xarvezi Seuvsia XVIIIs. besarion orbeliSvils (kaTalikoss), rogorc amas ori Camatebuli furclis bolos 406 gverdze mxedruliT miwerili SeniSvna gvamcnobs: èse ori furceli ZueliTganve dedasa kleboda, me, uRirsman kaTalikozman besarion davswere TÂsiTa ÃeliTa”. besarions Savi melniT gadauxazavs tarasis epistolis saTauri Zvel teqstSi, Caumatebia ori etratis furceli da nikiis II krebis kanonTa teqstis Sevsebis Semdeg 406 gverdis bolos gadmouweria xelaxla tarasis epistolis saTauri, xolo am epistolis ZiriTadi teqsti 407 gverdidanve grZeldeba. amitom 25-e rveulSi, Camatebuli ori furclis CaTvliT, 10 furcelia.

xelnaweri aRwerilia: 1. Θ. Жорданиа, Описание рукописей... Церковного музея кн. I. (mokle). 2. Бенешевич В.Н. Христианский восток, V, вып. II, СПБ, 1914, стр. 354-355 (mokle).

D(A-171)

qaRaldi; 313 furc.; 32X21,9; Zveli teqstis zoma 23,2X13,5; gviandelisa – 22,6X13,4; 1_14 da 278_313 furc. naweria XVIIIs. erTi da imave xeliT. ZiriTadi teqsti _ 15_277f. (rveulebi d – l z, bolo rveulis mxolod pirveli 4 furcelia) ara ugvianes XIIIs.; dauwerelia 1v, 3r-v, 311v, 313r. aklia 189 da 190 furclebs Sua erTi furceli (VI krebis 59-dan 63 kanonamde).

xelnaweris gvian damatebul nawilSi aris damatebiTi statiebi (A nusxis damatebiTi statiebidan 1, 6, 7, 8 da `Zegliswera sarwmunoebisa, romeli aRweres wmidaTa mamaTa konstantinepolis SekrebulTa wmidaTa xatTa tayuaniscemisaTÂs”) (307r-311r).

minawerebi ZiriTadad aqvs mxolod gvian damatebul nawils: ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT mxolod erTi aseTi minaweria karTagenis krebis bolos: àqaq ricxusa zeda kanonni maklian, vinaÁTgan aman krebaman asocdaaTrvametni kanonni dasxna” (165r). aq, marTlac, SecdomiT karTagenis krebis bolo 138-e kanoni 135 kanonad aris danomrili.

132

1. nusxuriT: `es wminda sjuliskanoni wmindis daviTis saflavis aris, vinc moiparos, gauwyres wmindaT mamaTa madli...” (1r).

2. `didebaÁ RmerTsa, romelsa Zal-edva gaTavebaÁ amisi”. iqve, `RmerTo, Seiwyale yÁ yÁ (?) yofili ioane avlabreli, amisi mwerali, amin” (311r).

3. mxedruliT: `Tquen, Rirsno mamano, mkvidrno udabnoTano, momixseneT me, codvili da ubadruki grigol q ks urb (1784w.) (313v).

4. ̀ q ksa u la (1743) CairTo bodbel mitropolitis onofresagan winamZRvroasa nekreselis ioanessa, Tvesa martsa, kviriakesa mesamesa marxvaTasa, mTvaresa k À” (iqve).

2r-v da 312r-v XVIII s. xeliT dawerrili furclebi zedmetia, radgan Sesabamisi teqsti Tavis adgilzea xelnaweris ZiriTad nawilSi.

xelnaweri aRwerilia: 1. Θ. Жорданиа, Описание… кн. I. 2. Бенешевич В.Н. Христианский восток, II, 355-356. ???

E (quT. 17)

qaRaldi, tyavgadakruli xis yda; 486f.; 29X21,5; teqstis zoma 23X15; erT svetad; 27 da 28 striqoni; XIIIs. nusxuri; dazianebuli, rveulebi daSlilia da furclebi amocvenili; dakarguli furclebis nacvlad Cakerebulia ramdenime dauwereli furceli. dauwerelia 3, 4, 5 furclebi. zog furcels aSia waWrili aqvs da teqstis nawilic dakargulia; bevr adgilas gadasuli teqsti gacxovelebulia vinme iosebis mier qarTlis kaTalikosis nikolozis brZanebiT 1589 wels (486r); xelnawers aklia dasawyisSi 3 furceli; iwyeba pirveli rveulis me-4 furcliT. ZiriTad teqstTan dakavSirebuli `Seiswaveni” da `sxolioni” meti odenobiTaa, vidre ABCD nusxebSi, amasTanave isini ara marto aSiebzea miwerili, aramed Zalian xSirad ZiriTad teqstSiac aris Setanili, Tumca axlavs SeniSvnac: `Seiswave” da sxva.

damatebiTi statiebi dawerilia ZiriTadi teqstis xeliT. yvela is statia, romelic Setanilia A nusxis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 paragrafebSi, igive TanmimdevrobiTaa warmodgenili E nusxaSi, damatebulia: `yovlad ganTqumulsa patriksa, ufalsa petres mdabali maqsime monazoni,moTxrobaÁ TavTavedi qristes RmrTisa Cuenisa sacxorebelisa paseqisaTÂs aRwerilisa kanonisa mier mTargmanebeli” (469v-485v). dasaxelebuli astrologiuri Txzuleba maqsime aRmsarebels ekuTvnis. am saTauriT G-Si Setanil TxzulebasTan SedarebiT aq mxolod I nawilia (pasqaluri cxrilis gareSe).

anderZi gadamwerisa: `(daiw)era wmidaÁ da yovlad sulTa ganmanaTlebeli sju(lis kanoni) ÃeliTa (m)wared da friad codvilisa mruelisa amabiwe (!) (abaSiZe?)... saÁTa, RmerTman icis, wmidano RmrTisano, romel didni Wirni vnaxe

133

ucTomelobisaTÂs. dedaÁ wurili medva wina. aw ucbad CxrekisaTÂs nu(v)in damw(y)evT, xolo mSromeli wa... (Sen)dobaÁ sTquaT, RmerTman Tq(uenc Segindos, Rir)sno mamano” (485v).

minawerebi: 1. `me, suliTa sawyalobelman berman basili, davdev ese wmidaÁ sulTa ganmanaTelbeli wigni, moZRuari yovlisa soflisa sjuliskanoni narudunevsa Cemsa monsatersa gesamanias, taZarsa yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSoblisasa, salxineblad sulisa Cemisa da samlocvelod kurTxeulisa dedisaÁ Cemisa barbaresTÂs da TÂT mis samwirvelosa Sina davsÂ mwerali. Seiwire, yovlad wmidao RmrTismSobelo, da ioxe dausjelobaÁ Cueni da vinca raÁTa mizeziTa anu gamoaÃuas monastersa Sensa, anu ukrZalvelad ikadros, iyavn krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul RmrTisaÁ da yovelTa wmidaTa misTagan ukunisamde, amin” (486r).

2. `saxeliTa RmrTisaÁTa, mamisa, Zisa da sulisa wmidisaÁTa da meoxebiTa yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaÁTa, Cuen, qristes RmrTisaÁ mier kurTxeulman Zeman mefisa patronisa leonisaman, qarTlisa kaTalikoz-patriarqman nikoloz, brZanebiTa mefeT-mefisaÁ patronisa sÂmionisiTa, gavakeTeT wmidaÁ ese wigni sjuliskanoni, friad daSlili da daZuelebuli, friadiTa SormiTa Cuenda safarvelad orTave Sina cxorebaTa da mefisa patronisa sÂmionis mefobisa warsamarTebelad. wmidano mamano da mociqulno, Semwe da meox meqmeniT winaSe uflisa RmrTisaÁ da macxovrisa Cuenisa ieso qristessa dResa mas gankiTxvisasa. mefeT-mefisa patronisa sÂmionisi mravalmca arian welni cxxorebisa misisani awda ukunisamde, amin. qoronikonsa s oz (1589w.) gakeTa ese wigni ÃeliTa diakonisa iosebisiTa, locva yavT, mkiTxvelno, RmrTisaTÂs, gevedrebi, raTa Tquenca Segindnes RmerTman, amin” (486v).

xelnaweri aRwerilia: quTaisis sax. muzeumis xelnawerTa aRweriloba, I, sedg. e. nikolaZis mier, Tbilisi, 1953.

F(A - 1102)

qaRaldi, 229 furc.; ZiriTadi teqstis zoma – 32,5X23, gviandelis – 30X22; teqstis zoma 24X18 da 21X15,5; 1-8 furceli Tavdap. teqstis dakarguli rveulis nacvlad XVIII saukuneSia besarion orbeliSvilis xeliT aRdgenili. Zveli teqstis 1-7 da bolo furclis kideebi Semomwvari da SemoWrilia; nusxuri, saTaurebi da gamoyofili adgilebi singuriT; XIIIs., bolonakluli, bolo ori furceli (228 da 229) akinZulia SecdomiT. pirveli furceli unda mosdevdes 23 furcels, xolo meore 221 furcels.

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damatebiTi statiebidan, albaT, xelnaweris defeqtis gamo, SemorCenilia mxolod `ZeglisweraÁ” ruis-urbnisis krebisa (219r-227r), romelic wydeba daviTis `Sesxmis” Semdeg sityvebze: `myudro uCanan eseni myudr...” (227v).

Zveli teqstis aSiebze mravali sqolio da ̀ Seiswave” igivea, rac sxva nusxebSi (ABCD), oRond furclis kideebis dazianebisa da sinestis laqebis gamo bevri maTganis amokiTxva SeuZlebelia.

xelmawers TiTqmis ara aqvs minawerebi, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT furclis qveda aSiaze, mokle, gviandeli mxedruliT umniSvnelo, zogjer uazro minawerebs (41v, 42r, 59v, 207r, 208v, 209v da 220v).

xelnaweri aRwerilia: saqarTvelos saxel. muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, (A fondi), IV, Tbilisi, 1954.

G(H-1670)

qaRaldi, nusxuri. 296f. (zom. 32X23,5; teqstisa 24,5X16,6), or svetad, TiToeulSi 33 sriq.: XIII-XIVss. xeliT. Camotanilia eqvTime TayaiSvilis mier jruWis monastridan 1919w.

damatebiTi statiebi igivea, rac A nusxaSi gvaqvs 1-7 paragrafebis qveS, oRond E nusxis msgavsad metia: `yovlad ganTqumulsa patriksa ufalsa petres mdabali maqsime monazoni”... (266v-284v), romelic G nusxaSi A nusxis 5 da 6 statiebs Soris aris Casmuli. amasTanave E nusxasTan SedarebiT es Txzuleba srulia. misi meore nawili, rac E-sTan SedarebiT zedmetia (277r-284v), maqsime aRmsarebelis Txzulebis gagrZeleba ar unda iyos. aSiaze ZiriTad teqstTan dakavSirebuli `sxolioni” da `Seiswaveni”, oRond meti raodenobiT, vidre ABCD nusxebSi gvaqvs, msgavsad E nusxisa.

minawerebi: 1. mxedruliT: `yovlad usamrvdeloesi mitropoliti mravalJamier daviT, saxlTuxucesis wereTlis zurabis Ze, rom es WeSmariteba mekiTxa, aw vscan ivnisis k, welsa C ykb (1822w.), jruWs” (1r).

2. Sebrunebulad, nusxuriT: `RmerTo, acxone moZRvari ioane” (37r).3. mxedruliT: `Sua mTis xaxulisa RmrTismSobelo, daicev Semomwirveli

Seni” (160r).4. nusxuriT: `ese wmida da sulTa ganmanaTlebeli sjuliskanoni SuamTis

xaxulisa RmrTismSobelisa ars. vinca gamoaÃuas wmidasa taZarsa missa, dResa mas kankiTxÂsasa mieces satanas gamouxsnelad, amin” (296v).

5. amave gverdze: mravalricxovani mokle minawerebi mxedruliT da nusxuriT, umniSvnelo. 155r, 159r (mxedr.) daviT mitropolitis SeniSvnebi.

xelnaweri aRwerilia: saq. saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis yof. muzeumis xelnawerebi (H koleqcia), t. IV, Tbilisi, 1948.

135

H(A-1116)

qaRaldi, 140f. (z. 28X18), ukiduresad dazianebuli, Tavbolonakluli, daSlil-dafurcvlili, kideebSemocveTili; saTaurebi singuriT, umtesad TiTqmis mTlianad gadasuli. XV-XVIss.; gadamweri ioakime (114r), teqstobrivad yvelaze axlos dgas B nusxasTan.

xelnaweri aRwerilia: saq. saxelmw. muzeumis qarT. xelnawerTa aRweriloba, A fondi, IV, Tbilisi, 1954.

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ВЕЛИКИЙ ГРУЗИНСКИЙ НОМОКАНОН

(Резюме)

Didi sžuliskanoni, условно ,,Грузинский великий номоканон”, являющиися грузинским переводом основного канонического кодекса православной христианской церкви, один из наиболее важных памятников переводной литературы, указывающих на высокий культурный уровень и духовную потенцию грузинского народа. Благодаря этому переводу каноническая письменность превратилась в полноправную область древнегрузинской литературы. ,,Грузинский великий номоканон” сыграл определенную роль в становлении грузинского оригинального церковного права.

Важнейшие документы церковной и гражданской юриспруденции, собранные в этом памятнике, являются великолепным источником для изучения некоторых вопросов истории взаимосвязей и сотрудничества греко-римского государства и христианской церкви. К тому же всеобщие христианские церковные каноны (правила), принятые или утвержденные на вселенских церковных соборах, по своей значимости выходили за рамки церкви и приобретали государственно-гражданскую законодательную силу. Более того, общеизвестно, что в разрешении одних и тех же вопросов церковным канонам отдавалось больше предпочтение, нежели гражданским законам: любой государственно-гражданский закон терял свою силу, как только вступал в противоречие с соответствующим церковным канонам1. Постольку настоящий памятник имеет неоценимое значение и для изучения вопросов первостепенной важности средневекового права.

В то время как подлинник ,,Великого номоканона”, т.е. номоканона XIV титулов редакции 883г., в течение ряда веков являлся обьектом неустанного интереса канонистов-юристов, историков и филологов, а публикации и исследования теоретических вопросов составили множество десятков томов, изданных научными кругами различных цивилизованных стран, изучение его грузинского перевода ограничилось лишь общими суждениями или описанием рукописей. Достаточно отметить что критически установленный текст ,,Грузинского великого номоканона” издается впервые.

В этом издании исследователи церковного права, специалисты по истории грузинского языка и широкий круг читателей, вообще интересующихся гуманитарными науками, найдут ответы на множество нужных им вопросов. К тому же данный памятник может внести некоторую ясность и в целый ряд проблем, связанных с греческим подлинником.

Вкратце опишем, каковы были традиции канонической письменности в Грузии до перевода этого памятника, какой резонанс получило законодательство церковных

1 Συνταγμα των θειων και ιερων κανονων... υπο Γ.Α.Ραλλη και Μ. Ποτλη...Ι. ‘Αθην, 1852,36 (сокращенно указываем: ,,Афинская синтагма,,).

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соборов и отдельных авторитетных церковных лиц в нашей стране до канца XI века, т.е. до перевода номоканона XIV титулов на грузинский язык.

Что касается оригинальных канонических памятников, в грузинских источниках о них сохранились лишь сведения общего характера, в то время как сами памятники следует считать утерянными.

Первым дошедшим до нас подобным памятником, который был создан в начале XII в. (1105г.), является ,,Уложение” известного церковного собора в Руис-Урбниси1.

До ,,Великого номоканона” из переводных канонических памятников существовал лишь ,,Малый номоканон” (Mcire sžuliskanoni)2. Этот сборник был составлен Евфимием Мтацмидели в конце Х в. на основе переведенных им самим статей разных периодов из разных греческих канонических сборников для практических нужд грузинской церкви. Центральное место в этом сборнике занимают церковные правила VI вселенского церковного собора (Трульсого 691г.), однако ,,Правила, постановления и номоканон (ržuliskanoni) шестого собора” в корне отличается от подлиника и представляет собой канонический сборник, составленный на основе канонов Трульского собора 691г. и Василия Великого, в который Евфимий Мтацмидели внес правила, составленные им самим по различным источниккам (среди них имеются и правила о грузинской и армянской церквах).

Вот в основном весь перечень переводной и оригинальной канонической литературы, существовавшей в грузинской письменности до перевода ,,Великого номоканона”. Предположение И. Джавахишвили с наличии переводов канонов и актов I-IV вселенских церковных соборов3, не оправдывается.

Не подтверждается также и его гипотеза о том, что вышеупомянутый кодекс, т.е. номоканон XIV титулов, был переведен на грузинский язык еще в IX в., а ,,Великий номоканон” же представляет собой новый перевод4.

,,Великий номоканон” был переведен известным писателем и переводчиком Арсением Икалтоели в конце XI, или в первые годы XII в. Личность переводчика установлена в колофоне переписчика одной из рукописей XIIв. ,,Великого номоканона” (Кутаисская 25). Предположение В.Н.Бенешевича о переводе данного памятника в Xв. тоже не подтверждается5 .

1 Памятники грузинского права, III, тексты издал, примечаниями и указателями снабдил проф. И.С. Долидзе, Тб., 1970, стр. 106-127 (на груз. языке).2 Малый номоканон, издал Э.С. Гиунашвили, Тб., 1973, (на груз. языке).3 И.А. Джавахишвили, История грузинского права , I, Тб., 1928, стр. 26-28 (на груз. языке).4 Там же, с. 24. 5 В Н. Бенешевич вначале не зная о существовании этого колофона , позднее ознакомившись с ним, он совершенно необоснованно поставил под сомнение его подлинность с грузинскии велиний номоканон по спискам Тифлисского церковного музея, Христианский восток, ч. II, соб, 1814, с. 349-381, т. V, 1917, с. 126).

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Перевод, вероятно, был исполнен до 1105 года, поскольку составленное именно в этом году оригинальное сочинение ,,Уложение” Руис-Урбнисского церковного собора было создано явно с учетом грузинского перевода ,,Великого номоканона”.

Греческим подлинником ,,Великого номоканона” является один из списков номоканона XIV титулов редакции 883г. признанный на поместном соборе 920 года в Константинополе основным каноническим кодексом1.

Название ,,Didi sžuliskanoni ” впервые встречается в колофоне переписчика рукописи Кут. 25 XII века.

Аналогичное название, а именно ,,Mcire sžuliskanoni” засвидетельствовано в сборнике, составленном Ефимием Мтацмидели в конце Х века. Термин ,, sžuliskanoni”, видимо, был создан самим Евфимием. Возникает вопрос, имеется ли непосредственная связь между данным термином и греческим ,,номоканоном” или ,,великим номоканоном”? (,,Великий номоканон” использован в ХIв. как название для сборника ХIV титулов – Никоном Черногорцем, Тактикон, ХХIХ слово, Москва 1889г.). Название ,,sžuliskanoni” грузинского происхождения и оно никоим образом не является калькой греческого ,,номоканона”. Одно из нескольких значений sžuli в древнегрузинском языке - ,,церковное право” а ,,канон” (от греческого κανών), в основном имеет значение ,,сборника канонов”. Стало быть, ,,Didi sžuliskanoni” означает ,,Полный сборник канонов церковного права” или ,,Кодекс церковного права”.

В коллекции грузинских рукописей списки ,,Великого номоканона” представлены в довольно большом количестве. В основу настоящего издания легли семь наиболее важных древнейших рукописей. Ниже приводится список этих рукописей с соответсвующими литерами: A-A_76, XII в; В-Кутаис. 25, XIIв; C-A_124, XII в; D-A_171, XIIIв; E-Кутаис. 17, XIIIв; F-A_1102, XIII в; G-H_1670, XIII-XIV вв. Остальные списки либо дефектны (A:1116, XV-XVIвв), либо фрагментарны (А:1546-4 листа Карфагенского собора, XIIв; Н:691-XVIII века) либо же очень поздние (A_9, A_741, A_1402, H_1373, Q_53 и Кутаис. 26 – все ΧVΙΙΙ Века) и являются копиями древних рукописей.

Древние рукописи ,,Великого номоканона” делятся на две основные группы. В рукописях первой группы (ABCDF) сохранен текст первоначального перевода. В этих списках число текстов гражданского законодательства доведено до минимума. В рукописях же второй группы (EG) тексты гражданских законов представлены с такой же полнотой, как и в греческих номоканонах XIV титулов. Другой существенной разницы между рукописями этих двух групп нет.

Изучение рукописей и сличение их с опубликованными греческими текстами2 свидетельствует, что в рукописях первой группы сохранен первоначальный текст 1 Никодим, Провославное церковное право, СПБ, 1897, с. 200.2 Так как греческие рукописи были нам недоступны для сличения с грузинским материалов мы пользовались изданиями греческого текста.

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перевода Арсения Икалтоели. Надо полагать, что им умышленно не внесены все гражданские законы, представленные в греческом подлиннике. В рукописях EG текст, переведенный Арсением Икалтоели, сохранен полностью, однако в систематической части ,,номосы,, греческого оригинала представлены с той же полнотой, что и в известных нам греческих номоканонах. Следовательно, перевод той части текстов гражданских законов рукописей EG, которая является лишней по сравнению с текстами списков ABCDF, исполнен позже, чем Арсениевский перевод, и лишь впоследствии включен в ,,Великий номоканон”. Таким образом, редакционные различия между I и II группами ,,Великого номоканона” ограничиваются лишь обьемом текстов гражданских законов в систематической части этого памятника.

Результаты изучения рукописей свидетельствуют о трех ступенях работы над текстом ,,Великого номоканона” : в рукописях ABCDF сохранен первоначальный перевод, в рукописи Е текст этого же перевода дополнен новым переводом текстов гражданских законов, а рукопись G, в основном полностью сохранившая текст рукописи Е, оставляет впечетление тщательного сличения с греческим подлинником, в результате которого были внесены соответствующие исправления, что подтверждается теми деталями рукописи G, которые отличаются от остальных грузинских рукописей и проявляют сходство с греческим текстом. К тому же в рукописи G впервые появляются новые переводы статей ,,Постановления... Павла,, и ,,Постановления... Петра и Павла,, чего нет в других списках.

В рукописях ,,Великого номоканона” , равно как и в греческом подлиннике, можно выделить три основных части:

1. Вступительные статьи; 2. систематическая часть; 3. Основная часть, содержащая тексты канонов (правил).

1. а) Как отмечалось выше, из вступительных статей лишь в рукописи G содержатся переписанные почерком основного текста постановления Петра и Павла, в остальных списках этих статей нет. Упомянутые статьи, по-видимому, были внесены в рукопись А на основе рукописи G не ранее XVI-XVII веков. Стало быть, Арсений Икалтоели при переводе ,,Великого номоканона” этих статей не касался, вопреки предположения В.Н. Бенешевича1.

б) ,,Собрание церковных канонов, деленных на 14 титулов” представленное во всех списках ,,Великого номоканона” , в действительносьт является предисловием к каноническому сборнику Иоанна Схоластика в 50 титулов, только в грузинских списках ,,50 титулов” везде переделаны в ,,14 титулов” изменено также число правил Василия Великого (вместо 68-ти 84) и др. Короче говоря, эту статью переводчик принял за предисловие к номоканону XIV титулов и внес соответствующие исправления. Подобные факты в греческих рукописях не встречаются.

1 Христианский Восток, т. II, вып. III, СПб, 1914, с. 359.

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в) ,,Предисловие к оглавлениюˮ в грузинских рукописях представляет собой соединение предисловия древнейшей редакции канонического сборника XIV титулов (VIIв.) и предисловия редакции 883г. Только в списке G эти два предисловия разделены чертой киновари.

г) Статья ,,Какие соборы и лица и сколько их правил вошло в состав настоящей книги” (следующая за обьединенными предисловиями) во всех грузинских рукописях выделена заглавием, написанным киноварью и считается самостоятельной единцей. В древних греческих рукописях упомянутая статья должна была следовать за предисловием 1 редакции (VIIв.) канонического сборника, о чем свидетельствуют перечисленные эдесь каноны церковных соборов и церковных деятелей.

В греческих рукописях предисловие номоканона в редакции 883г. первоначально следовало за ,,оглавлением”, однако со временем, вероятно, по инициативе переписчика, было перенесено как непосредсвенное продолжение первого предисловия, что в некоторых греческих рукописях обусловило пополнение ,,оглавления” соответственно составу номоканона редакции 883 года.

Хотя в грузинских рукописях (ABCDF) второе предисловие помещено не на своем первоначальном месте, а является лишь непосредственным продолжением первого, тем не менее упомянутое ,,оглавление” отражает состав 1 редакции канонического сборника XIV титулов. Лишь в рукописи G это ,,оглавление” дополнено в соответствии с номоканоном 883 года. Ясно, что список G мсправлялся по тем греческим рукописям, которые были снабжены ,,оглавлением” в дополненном виде.

2. Систематическая часть во всех грузинских рукописях состоит из двух разделов под общим заглавием: ,,Титулы канонических определений с указанием титулов и соответствующих глав”.

В первом разделе та группа церковных вопросов, в отношении которых приняты и сформулированы правила, делится на 14 частей (титулов). Каждая часть и входящие в нее главы имеют самостоятельные названия.

Второй раздел повторяет последовательность титулов и название глав, однако каждая глава снабжена указаниями на нужные церковные правила, а в случае надобности, текстами соответствующих гражданских законов (пространными в рукописях ЕG, и весьма краткими в остальных), либо сносками на книги по гражданскому законодательству. Лишь в списке G нет первого раздела систематической части. Поскольку подобный факт в греческих рукописях не наблюдается, данная операция должна быть проведена переписчиком-редактором этой рукописи, что отнюдь не повредив памятнику, уменьшило лишь обьем нашего списка.

3. Основную часть, содержащую тексты канонов, в специальной литературе зачастую называют хронологической. Этим подчеркиваются, что правила в упомянутом памятнике расположены в порядке хронологии их издания; тем не менее, этот

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принцип нарушен как касательно правил церковных соборов, так и эпистолярных канонов деятелей церкви. Поэтому было бы вернее отметить, что церковные правила представлены в той последовательности, с какой они вносились в древние канонические сборники, это прежде всего касается правил церковных соборов.

В грузинских списках в этом отношении сохранена первоначальная картина греческих рукописей, ибо в целый ряд греческих списков более поздного времени материал вносился по авторитетности законодательных органов: правила апостолов, вселенских соборов, поместных соборов и, наконец, эпистолярные правила церковных деятелей.

Мы попытаемся показать основные различия между грузинскими списками и изданиями греческих текстов того же памятника и, по мере возможности, обьяснить обусловившие их причины.

1. В ,,Великом номоканоне” Неокессарийский собор представлен 15 канонами, хотя известно, что на этом соборе было утверждено 14 канонов. И действительно, Иоанн Схоластик в сборник в 50 титулов внес 14 канонов. По описанию В.Н. Бенешевича, в ряде греческих рукописей этот собор представлен 14 канонами. В систематической части номоканона XIV титулов и ,,Великого номоканона” не имеются указания на 15-й канон. В первой редакции номоканона (VIIв.). Неокессарийский собор представлен также 14 правилами, что явствует из вышеупомянутого оглавления.

Ясно, что 15-й канон появился в результате разделения 13-го канона на две части (13-14). Эта, сравнительно поздняя, картина сохранилась как в ,,Великом номоканоне”, так и в публикациях греческого текста (Афинская синтагма и издание Pitra).

2. Грузинские списки, подобно греческим публикациям, указывают на 21 правило Сардикского собора. Однако, они отличаются по принципу разделения текста на каноны: в изданиях (Афин. синтагма и Pitra) 16-й канон соответствует 16-ому и 17-ому канонам ,,Великого номоканона”, 17-18-му, 18-19-му, 19-20-му и лишь 20-21-й каноны адекватны 21-му канону грузинского перевода. Поскольку в некоторых древнегреческих рукописях засвидетельствована аналогичная грузинскому переводу картина1, следует полагать, что в грузинском переводе отражен более ранний вариант текста, нежели в публикациях греческого текста.

3. Канон поместного собора 394 года в Константинополе в грузинских рукописях не воспринимается как самостоятельная единица, так как при нем нет порядкового номера, как у каждой статьи ,,Великого номоканона”. Он считается как бы продолжением Карфагенского собора. Исключение составляет лишь список G, исправленный по греческой рукописи.

4. Послание патриарха Тарасия о симонии к папе Римскому Адриану включено в ,,Великий номоканон” не в ту часть, где помещены послания св. отцов, как это сделано

1 В. Н. Бенешевич, указ. соч. стр. 155.

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в публикациях греческого текста, а следует за канонами Никейского VII вселенского собора и воспринимается как составная часть этого собора. Так обстоит дело в большинстве греческих рукописей1. Публикации греческого текста (Афиню синт.) отражают более позднюю картину.

5. В Грузинском переводе каноническое послание Григория Неокессарийского не разделено на каноны в отличие от издания греческого текста, в котором это послание представлено десятью самостоятельными правилами (11-ый канон включен в Афинскую синтагму значительно позже). Данные грузинских списков, подобно некоторым греческим рукописям, свидетельствуют о более раннем варианте текста.

6. В грузинском переводе вызывает недоумение последовательность посланий Афанасия Александрийского. Первые два послания находятся на своем месте (между посланиями Григория Неокессарийского и Василия Великого), однако, третье послание к Руфиниану помещено в самом конце, завершая основной текст ,,Великого номоканона”. В изданиях греческого текста все три послания Афанасия Александрийского следуют друг за другом, после послания Григория Неокессарийского. Поскольку одна часть греческих рукописей2 аналогична грузинским, надо полагать, что послание Афанасия Александрийского к Руфиниану является именно теи материалом, который из посланий св. отцов позже всего был включен в номоканон XIV титулов и по традиции за ним сохранилось это последнее место.

7. В изданиях греческого текста нет пространного вступления третьего послания Василия Великого к Амфилохию, имеющегося как в грузинском переводе, так и в некоторых греческих рукописях3, а заключительная часть третьего послания к Амфилохию числится как 85-ый канон, в отличие от данных грузинского перевода и некоторых греческих рукописей.

8. В грузинском переводе, как и в греческих источниках, послание Григория Нисского разделено на 8 канонов. В грузинском варианте тексту канонов предшествует пространное вступление, рассматриваемое в изданиях греческого текста как первый канон, именно поэтому первому канону грузинского перевода соответствует 2-ой канон издания и т.д. Однако, текст 4-го и 5-го канонов грузинского перевода адекватен пятому канону издания греческого текста. Ряд греческих рукописей схож с грузинским переводом4.

9. В ,,Великий номоканон” внесены 15 канонических ответов Тимофея Александрийского, а в Афинскую синтагму дополнительно еще 3,т.е. всего 18 ответов. Pitra опубликовал более 60 канонических ответов этого автора (1, 630-643), из коих первые пятнадцать совпадают с текстом грузинского перевода, а первые 18 – с текстом

1 В. Н. Бенешевич, указ. соч, с. 157.2 Там же, с. 160-161.3 Там же, с. 158-159.4 Там же, с. 159.

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Афинской синтагмы (IV, 331-341). Одна группа греческих рукописей как и грузинский перевод, содержит всего 15 канонических ответов1.

10. Второе послание Кирилла Александрийского к епископам Пентаполя, включенное в грузинский перевод, состоит из краткого вступления и четырех канонов, а в изданиях греческого текста оно представлено двумя канонами: в первом каноне обьединены вступление и три канона грузинского текста; 2-ой же канон соответсвует четвертому канону грузинского перевода. При этом в греческих изданиях, в отличие от грузинского перевода, перечень канонов второго послания Кирилла Александрийского является продолжением перечня канонов первого послания. Часть греческих рукописей придерживается данных грузинского перевода2.

11. В основную часть текста ,,Великого номоканона” включено одно каноническое послание, которое не считается составной частью основного канонического кодекса, а именно, ,,Послание из Константинополя к Мартирию Антиохийскому о принятии кающихся еретиков в святую православную церковь”.

В целом ряде рукописей номоканона XIV титулов нет никаких следов этого документа, тем не менее в некоторых рукописях, обьединенных В.Н. Бенешевичем под названием ,,Recensio Photio prototypa”, это послание, как и в грузинском переводе, следует за окружным посланием I’еннадия Константинопольского. Оба эти послания, по всей вероятности, составлены на поместном соборе 459г. в Константинополе самим Геннадием – председателем упомянутого собора. Надо полагать, что седьмой канон II вселенского собора, который по-видимому, представляет собой сокращенный вариант данного послания, был включен в сборник XIV титулов раньше этого послания, а послание к Мартирию в некоторые списки Номоканона попало позже. Один из этих списков должен был стать подлинником ,,Великого номоканона”.

О вышесказанном свидетельствует тот факт, что на вопрос, касающиися формул помилования кающихся еретиков, в систематической части памятника отвечает не послание к Мартирию Антиохийскому, а седьмой канон II вселенского собора.

Во всех грузинских списках ,,Великого номоканона”, за исключением рукописи С, за основным текстом следует первый, дошедший до нас памятник грузинской оригинальной канонической письменности ,,Уложение” Руис-Урбнисского церковного собора. Примечательно, что списки этого документа отдельно не встречаются, а вошла лишь в приложение к рукописям ,,Великого номоканона”.

Результаты текстологического изучения ,,Великого номоканона” и ,,Уложения” свидетельствуют о составлении упомянутого текста Руис-Урбнисского церковного собора явно с учетом грузинского перевода ,,Великого номоканона”. Поскольку упомянутый собор должен был состояться в 1105 году (а не в 1103, как принято в

1 Там же, с. 160.2 Там же.

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специальной литературе), ясно, что ,,Великий номоканон” был переведен до 1105, а не после 1114 года, как пердпологал акад. К.С. Кекелидзе1.

В настоящей статье рассмотрены вопросы взаимосвязей лишь этих двух памятников. Об остальных источниках ,,Уложения” о личности автора (автором ,,Уложения” по-видимому, является переводчик ,,Великого номоканона” Арсений Икалтоели) изложено в нашей книге: ,,Уложение” Руис-Урбнисского церковного собора2.

1 История грузинской литературы, I, 1960, с. 274 (на груз.яз.).2 Э. П. Габидзашвили, Уложение Руис-Урбнисского соборя, Тб, 1978 (на груз. яз.)

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qarTuli originaluri hagiografia *

qarTuli originaluri hagiografiis dasawyiss marTalia naTargmni hagiografia, kerZod ki mowameTa martvilobis krebuli, SesaZlebelia krebulebic ki uswrebs (SuSanikis wamebaSi moxseniebuli ,,wignni mowameTani”), magram Vs. bolo meoTxedSi ,,SuSanikis wamebis” donis Txzulebis Seqmna originaluri hagiografiis arsebobis ukve garkveul tradicias gvafiqrebinebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom es Txzuleba qarTuli werilobiTi memkvidreobis Cvenamde moRweul pirvel Zeglad aris miCneuli. qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerloba iseve, rogorc bizantiuri, wmindanTa ,,wamebis” JanriT iwyeba, Tumca maT Soris gansxvaveba Janris warmoSobis mizezebis Taobaze TvalsaCinoa.

bizantiaSi wmindanis kultis gaCena ukavSirdeba axlad warmoSobili qristianuli aRmsareblobis mimdevarTa mowamebrivi aRsasrulis faqtebs berZnul-romauli warmarTuli imperiis wiaRSi, rac gaxda safuZveli am mowameTa Rvawlis aRwerisa ,,martvilobaTa” saxiT. qarTuli ,,wamebani”, marTalia, bizantiur ,,martvilobaTa” Targze Seiqmna, magram misi warmoSobis mizezi warmarToba ar yofila. qarTuli hagiografia, romlis dasawyisi mxolod ,,wamebis” JanriTaa warmodgenili, warmoiSva saqarTveloSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis oficialur saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg: mirian mefis epoqaSi, rodesac werilobiTi wyaroebiT iwyeba qristianobis damkvidrebisaTvis mcdeloba qarTul warmarTul qveyanaSi, arc mowameobriobis faqtebia cnobili da arc qristianTa devnis SemTxvevebia naxsenebi. piriqiT, TviT nana dedoflis gaqristianebis ambavi am axali moZRvrebisadmi xelisufalTa loialur damokidebulebaze miuTiTebs. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom saqarTveloSi saboloo damkvidrebamde qristianobas warmarTobis tradiciebis daZleva mouxdeboda da es procesi ar SeiZleba umtkivneulo yofiliyo, magram es ar aris qarTuli hagiografiis warmoSobis mizezi. saqme isaa, rom Tuki moxda calkeuli SemTxveva mowameTa dasjisa, es ufro religiis istoriis da hagiologiis kuTvnileba iqneboda da ara hagiografiisa, radgan hagiografia faqtebze Seqmnil TxzulebaTa erTobliobaa da ara TviT faqti.

,,wamebaTa” Cvenamde moRweul originalur TxzulebaTa mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, qarTuli martilologiuri Janris warmoSobis mizezi ar SeiZleba qveynis Sidapolitikur da Sidareligiur dapirispirebaSi veZioT, rogorc amas adgili hqonda berZnul-romaul imperiaSi. misi warmoSobis erTaderTi safuZveli da SemdgomSi masazrdoebeli wyaro jer mazdein, xolo mogvianebiT mahmadian dampyrobelTa mier saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli situaciis Sedegad

* ibeWdeba pirvelad.

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am ori mxaris religiuri da erovnul-politikuri interesebis mkveTr dapirispirebaSi aris saZebari. swored am dapirispirebis Sedegad dasjil-daRupulTa istoriulad dadasturebul faqtebze aRmocenda qarTuli originaluri hagiografia Tavisi Tavdapirveli JanriT - ,,wamebiT”.

swored martirologia aRmoCnda qarTul hagiografiaSi yvelaze xangrZlivad moqmedi Janri, dawyebuli V s-iT da damTavrebuli XVIIIs. miwuruliT, radgan saqarTvelos misi arsebobis manZilze dampyrobeli, misi politikuri da religiuri damoukideblobis mteri da moSurne yovelTvis gamoulevlad hyavda.

aseTia ZiriTadi gansxvaveba bizantiuri da qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis martirologiuri Janris warmoSobaSi. radgan Cven aRvniSneT, rom originaluri hagiografia ver Seiqmneboda bizantiuri mwerlobis gavlenis gareSe, unda vTqvaT imis Sesaxebac, rom qarTulma hagiografiam ZiriTadad uari Tqva Tavisi pirvelwyaros mier mowodebul bevr trafaretze da mwerlobis es dargic sakuTar erovnul interesebs dauqvemdebara. swored es aris am ori mwerlobis ganmasxvavebeli meore niSani. bizantiuri hagiografia TiTqmis daclilia erovnuli TviTSegnebisagan, rac berZnul-romauli imperiis mravalerovnuli SedgenilobiTa da qristianuli sarwmunoebis kosmopolituri bunebiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli da zogadad qristianobis apologetikas warmoadgens, xolo qarTul hagiografias wiTeli zoliviT gasdevs erovnuli TviTSegnebis momenti. qarTul mwerlobaSi wmindanebis sityvasa da saqmeSi qristianuli ideologiisaTvis Tavdadeba Serwymulia erovnuli da qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikuri interesebis dacvasTan, qristianuli rwmenis dacva maTTvis qveynis damoukideblobis dacvasTan aris gadajaWvuli.

berZnul-laTinuri da aRmosavluri qristianuli martirologiuri literaturisa da ,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobis” Janris Txzulebebis didi nawili fantastikur-zRapruli saswaulmoqmedebaTa magaliTebiT aris savse, rac mkiTxvelis qristianuli sarwmunoebis yovlisSemZleobaSi darwmunebis erT-erTi saSualebaa. am mxriv qarTuli hagiografia garkveul TavSekavebas iCens, gansakuTrebiT ki ,,wamebani”: naTlis svetis daSveba mowamis gvamze an wamebis adgilze, SeiZleba iTqvas, yvelaze didi saswaulia qarTul martirologiaSi. SedarebiT metia saswaulebis raodenoba (gansakuTrebiT veluri cxovelebisa da frinvelebis monawileobiT) hagiografiis meore, ,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobis” JanrSi, magram maTac araferi aqvT saerTo bizantiuri hagiografiis zogierT warmoudgenel fantastikur-zRaprul epizodebTan. Cans, qarTuli hagiografiuli Txzulebebis avtorebi angariSs uwevdnen qarTveli mkiTxvelisa da mrevlis racionalur bunebasa da fantastikur-saswaulebrivi ambebisadmi garkveul undoblobas, amitom daimkvidra qarTulma hagiografiulma Txzulebebma sando istoriul wyaroTa reputacia.

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qristianobis gavrcelebis uZveles aRmosavlur qveynebSi (siria, egvipte da sxv.) warmoiSva gandegilobisa da qristianobis gamovlenis ucnauri formebi, rac Semdeg gavrcelda berZnulenovan qristianul samyaroSic, rogoricaa mesveteoba da salosoba. marTalia, moRvaweobis es formebi mogvianebiT saqarTveloSic Cndeba (svetebis arseboba da ,,mesvetis” wodebac, agreTve qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi ramdenime qarTveli ,,salosis” moxsenieba), magram arcerTi maTgani ar gamxdara qarTuli hagiografiuli ,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobis” sagani. es momentic ganasxvavebs qarTul hagiografias bizantiur da sxva qristian xalxTa hagiografiuli mwerlobisagan.

Cven qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis umTavres Taviseburebebs SevexeT, radgan ufro wvrilmani detalebis warmoCineba Zalian Sors wagviyvanda, Tumca nawilobriv maTac SevexebiT, rodesac konkretulad visaubrebT qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis ori mTavari Janris ,,wamebaTa” da ,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobis” TiToeul Txzulebaze cal-calke.

nawili pirveli

,,wameba – martvilobani”

martilologiuri Janris Txzulebebi qarTul originalur hagiografias misi arsebobis mTel manZilze gasdevs – iwyeba is martirologiuri TxzulebiT (,,SuSanikis wameba” – Vs.) da mTavrdeba martirologiuri TxzulebiT (,,Sio garejelis” wameba – 1799w.), rac ganpirobebulia saqarTvelos istoriis umZimesi politikur-religiuri movlenebiT. qarTuli eklesiis pirveli mowameebis gamoCena, romelTa Sesaxebac hagiografiuli Txzulebebi Seiqmna, emTxveva aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mazdeanuri sarwmunoebis aRmsarebeli sparselebis batonobis periods da qristianebisa da mazdenobis dapirispirebis Sedegi iyo. zogierTi maTganis ,,wameba” TviTmxilveli avtoris dawerilia (SuSanikisa (V) da evstaTi mcxeTelis (VIs.) ,,wamebebi”), zogi, marTalia, mazdeanebis mier iwama (raJdeni Vs., abibos nekreselis VIs.), magram maT Sesaxeb wamebebi gacilebiT gvian Seiqmna (pirvelisa XVIIIs., meoresi – IXs.).

meore etapi ,,wamebebis” Seqmnisa ukavSirdeba mTel saqarTvelos teritoriaze mahmadian arabTa winaaRmdeg warmoebuli brZolebis istorias da iwyeba igi ,,habo Tbilelisa da nikifore urbnelis martvilobiT” (VIIIs. II naxevari) da grZeldeba am brZolebSi daRupul mefeTa (arCili) da mTavarTa (daviT da konstantine; kostanti kaxi, gobroni) Sesaxeb SeTxzuli wamebebiT, zogi Tanamedrove avtoris mier habos (VIIIs.), kostanti kaxis (IXs.), gobronis (X

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s. dasaw.), zogic gviandeli avtorisa: daviT da kostantine (XIIIs.), arCili (XVIIs.), nikifore urbneli (XVIIIs.)) mier SeTxzuli.

mesame etapi martilologiuri TxzulebaTa dawerisa ukavSirdeba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi sparseli mahmadinebis Semosevebs da maT mier wamebul mefe-dedofalTa (qeTevani, luarsabi) da mTavarTa (biZina, Salva, elizbari) Sesaxeb Seqmnil ,,wamebebs” am movlenebze odnav gvian moRvawe avtorebis (grigol dodorqeli, besarion orbeliaSvili) mier.

amitom qvemoT ,,wamebebs” maT gmirebis moRvaweobis zemoT aRniSnuli epoqebis mixedviT davalagebT da ara vTqvaT TxzulebaTa daweris qronologiuri principis mixedviT.

qristianuli sarwmunoebis zogadsakacobrio daniSnulebis maCvenebelia is faqti, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis mier wmindanebis kanonizacia xdeboda mowamis ara erovnuli kuTvnilebis mixedviT, aramed qarTuli eklesiis winaSe mis mier gaweuli Rvawlis mixedviT. miuxedavad imisa, rom pirveli mowameebi erovnebiT araqarTvelebi iyvnen, gaweuli RvawlisaTvis eklesia maT qarTvel wmindanebad moixseniebda. marTlac, SuSaniki somexi qristiani mTavris qaliSvili iyo, evstaTi mcxeTeli iranidan Camosuli sparseli mazdeani da mcxeTis qristianad monaTluli, raJdenic gaqristianebuli sparseli mazdeani gaxldaT, xolo abibos nekreseli, mazdeanuri sarwmunoebis SeuracxyofisTvis dasjili sirieli beri iyo, romelic saqarTvelos eklesiis episkoposi gaxda. aseve arabebis mier wamebuli habo tfileli da neofite urbneli erovnebiT arabebi iyvnen. neofitec saqarTvelos eklesiis episkoposi gaxda.

pirveli erovnebiT qarTveli mowameebi arian arabTagan VIIIs. I naxevarSi wamebuli daviTi da kostantine, argveTis mTavrebi, Tumca maT Sesaxeb ,,wameba” mogvianebiT (XIIs.) Seiqmna. amis Semdgom martirologiuri Txzulebebi mxolod erovnebiT qarTveli mowameebis Sesaxeb iwereba.

qvemoT warmodgenili TiToeuli Txzulebis ganxilvisas winamdebare naSromis specifikis gamo yoveli ,,wamebis” mxolod ZiriTadi istoriul-teqstologiuri sakiTxebi iqneba warmodgenili Zalze Sekvecili saxiT, radgan TxzulebaSi wamoWril mravali saintereso literaturul Tu wyaroTmcodneobiT zogjer sakamaTo sakiTxze msjeloba SeuZlebeli iqneba.

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I. mazdean sparselTa winaaRmdeg brZolis amsaxveli qarTuli martirologiuri hagiografiis (V-VIss.) Zeglebi

1. SuSanikis wameba

,,wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikis dedoflisaÁ” aris qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis Cvenamde moRweuli pirveli Zegli. es Txzuleba, romelic Vs. meore naxevris aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sarwmunoebriv-politikuri cxovrebis realur mdgomareobaze mogviTxrobs, saerTod Zveli qarTuli originaluri mwerlobis pirvel nimuSad iTvleba.

TxzulebaSi aRwerili movlenebi viTardeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samxreT nawilSi, somxeTis sazRvarTan, qalaq curtavSi, hereTis provinciis centrSi, sparseTis mefis mier aq daniSnuli moxelis varsqen pitiaxSis karze, rasac safuZvlad udevs sarwmunoebriv niadagze aRmocenebuli dapirispireba varsqenisa da mis meuRle SuSaniks Soris. SuSaniki, somxeTis cnobili mxedarTmTavris qaliSvili, romelic qristianul tradiciebze iyo aRzrdili, ver Seurigda qristiani meuRlis mazdeanobas, rac varsqenma miiRo nebayoflobiT sparseTis SahTan erT-erTi stumrobis dros im mizniT, rom Sahis mxardaWera moepovebina qarTlis mefesTan dawyebul politikur brZolaSi, da sasaxle miatova – qristianobis moRalate qmars gascilda. meuRleebs Soris warmoSobil samkvdro-sasicocxlo dapirispirebas SuSanikisaTvis sarwmunoebrivi safuZveli hqonda, radgan misi rwmeniT, rac saxarebiseul moZRvrebas efuZneboda, qristian qals ar hqonda ufleba qristianobis uarmyofel da gamazdeanebul qmarTan ecxovra, xolo varsqenis colis urCoba da ojaxuri tradiciebis xelyofa pirad Seuracxyofad miaCnda. marTalia, TxzulebaSi ar Cans varsqens rom moeTxova SuSanikisaTvis mazdeanobaze moqceva, magram is rom amas maSin Seecdeboda, roca meuRlis ojaxSi dabrunebais sakiTxs moagvarebda, radgan man aRuTqva Sahs col-Svilis gamahmadianeba da konfliqtis periodSi man Svilebis mimarT es Seasrula.

varsqenis yovelgvari mcdeloba _ Txovna, iZuleba, sastiki cema, araadamianuri tanjva-wameba amao gamodga – SuSaniki qmars ar daubrunda da cixeSi Svidwliani patimrobis Semdeg gardaicvala. qristianuli rwmenis dacvisaTvis autaneli tanjva-wamebis moTmenisaTvis da sabolood sicocxlis gawirvisaTvis SuSaniki qarTuli eklesiis wmindani gaxda da am Rvawlis ukvdavsayofad misi ,,wameba” Seiqmna.

,,SuSanikis wamebis” udidesi Rirseba mis mxatvrul-kompoziciur da enobriv-stilistur daxvewilobasTan erTad mis faqtologiur utyuarobaSic gamoixateba, radgan Txzuleba dawerilia am ambebis TviTmxilvelisa da Tanamonawilis, SuSanikis sulieri moZRvrisa da varsqenis samefo karis eklesiis

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xucesis – iakobis mier. Txzuleba unikaluria qarTul hagiografiaSi swored imiT, rom avtori iakob xucesi Tavad aris misi erT-erTi mTavari moqmedi piri da Txroba Tavidan bolomde pirvel pirSi mimdinareobs: igi yovelTvis SuSanikis gverdiT aris misi wamebisa da gaWirvebis dros, uamebs fizikur da sulier tanjvas, anugeSebs da amxnevebs mas.

,,SuSanikis wameba” iakobs 475-482 wlebs Soris dauweria, radgan pirveli TariRi SuSanikis gardacvalebis TariRia, rac SesaZlebelia dadgindes TviT TxzulebaSi mocemuli qronologiuri monacemebiT, xolo meore varsqenis mkvlelobisa, rac TxzulebaSi ar aris naxsenebi, e. i. Txzulebis dasrulebisas varsqeni cocxalia, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi iakobi am faqts uyuradRebod ar datovebda, radganac SuSanikic ambobs varsqenis Sesaxeb: ,,miagos mas ufalman”...

,,SuSanikis wamebis” somxur vrcel versias, romelic iakobis qarTuli teqstis gadamuSavebas warmoadgens, zogierTi iseTi detali Semounaxavs (sparseTis mefis perozis saxeli, SuSanikis mesamed wamebis aRwera, varsqenis Svilis wyalSi daRrCobis ambavi da sxva), rac ar aris qarTul teqstSi, rac sxva argumentebTan erTad mizezi gaxda samecniero literaturaSi mtkicebisa, rom SuSanikis wameba, romlis uZvelesi, Cvenamde moRweuli teqsti daculia XIs. dasawyisis xelnawerSi (A-95, parxlis mravalTavi, sxva xelnawerebi mxolod XVIIIs-isaa), daweris dRidan dasaxelebul xelnaweramde garkveuli cvlilebebi ganicada. TiTqos amas gamoxatavs Txzulebis hagiografiuli ZeglisaTvis uCveulo dasawyisic: ,,da aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen aRsasruli wmidisa da netarisa SuSanikisi”. amitom zogierTi varaudiT Txzulebas an dasawyisi aklia, an sulac mTeli pirveli nawili. Cven vfiqrobT, rom es Txzuleba imdenad aratrafaretuli, arastandartuli Zeglia, rom es dasawiyisi savsebiT bunebrivi Cans aseTi originaluri da TavisTavadi TxzulebisaTvis: avtors, bunebrivia, Sinagani gancda da SeiZleba, SiSic hqonda, Tu rogor dasruldeboda SuSanikis mowamebrivi gza: gauZlebda ki is bolomde bedis mkacr gamocdas, Tu ver aitanda tanjvas, SvilebTan ganSorebas da dahyveboda varsqenis nebas (tyvilad ki ar ekiTxeba iakobi SuSaniks ,,viTar gegulebis, miTxar me, raÁTa uwyodi da aRvwero SromaÁ Seni”, xolo man mrqua me: ,,raÁsa mkiTxav amas?” da me miuge da varqu mas: ,,mtkiced sdgaa?”), an varsqeni didsulovnad miscemda mas Tavisufali arCevanis uflebas. orsave SemTxvevaSi iakobisaTvis aRar dadgeboda SuSanikis ,,wamebis” daweris saWiroeba, magram iakobis yovelgvari eWvi usafuZvlo Seiqmna. SuSaniki Seewira sarwmunoebis interesebs da iakobmac SvebiT amoisunTqa da Tavisi Txzulebac am gancdebis gamomxatveli fraziT daiwyo: ,,da aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen aRsasruli...”. ,,SuSanikis wameba” erTaderTi Txzulebaa qarTul hagiografiul literaturaSi, romlis mTavari mowame-personaJi aResrula. marTalia, xangrZlivi tanjva-wamebiT da cixis umZimesi pirobebis Sedegad,

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magram mainc bunebrivi sikvdiliT, gansxvavebiT qarTuli eklesiis danarCeni mowameebisagan, romelTagan umetesoba TaviskveTiT dasajes, zogi mdinareSi daaRrCves, zogi cocxlad damarxes an jvarze gakruli daisres, an kidev Caqoles, zogic TokiT moaSTves.

,,SuSanikis wameba” gamorCeuli qarTuli martirologiuri Txzulebaa Tundac imiT, rom misi mTavari gmiri ar aris hagiografiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tradiciebiT daxatuli pirovneba, is realuri, cxovrebiseuli adamiania, Tavisi dadebiTi da zogjer saCoTiro Tvisebebis gamovleniT. uaryofiTi gmiric realurad warmodgenili adamiania, Tavisi principebis damcveli, gulqva da sastiki, Tumca zogjer adamianuri da lmobieri.

TxzulebaSi SesaniSnavi mxatvruli RirsebiT da lakonuri enobriv-stilisturi saSualebebiT asaxulia saqarTvelos am kuTxis politikuri, socialuri da eTnografiuli cxovrebis niuansebi da bunebis suraTebi.

arc erT hagiografiul Zeglze ar dawerila imdeni wigni da samecniero statia, arc erTi hagiografiuli teqsti ar gamocemula imdenjer, arc erT qarTul hagiografiul nawarmoebs ar gamouwvevia ucxo qveynebis samecniero wreebSi iseTi kamaTi da aJiotaJi, rac ,,SuSanikis wamebis” irgvliv xdeboda.1

2. evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba

meore uZvelesi qarTuli martirologiuri Zegli, romelmac Cvenamde moaRwia, aris VIs. II naxevarSi dawerili da Cvenamde mxolod XIs. xelnaweriT (H-341) SemorCenili ,,martvilobaÁ da moTminebaÁ wmidisa evstaTi mcxeTelisaÁ” (sxvaTa Soris, es erTaderTi martirologiuri Txzulebaa, romlis saTaurSi ixmareba ,,martviloba” da ara ,,wameba”).

Txzuleba dawerilia masSi aRwerili ambebis Tanamedrovis mier, rac Cans erTaderT frazaSi, ,,romelmanme maTganman nebiTa RmrTisaÁTa Seisuena Jamad-Jamad da romelnime cocxal arian”, Torem sxvagvarad anonimi avtori mesame piriT TxrobaSi saerTod ar Cans.

1 aq mxoolod ramdenime gamocemas, Targmans da monografias davasaxelebT: 1) il. abulaZe, martviloba SuSanikis, qarTuli da somxuri teqstebi, gamokvleva, Tb., 1938; 2) Zv. qarT. lit. Zeglebi, I, 11-29. 3) e. WliZe, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero mwerloba, I, Tbilisi 2005, gv. 5-308 (teqsti, Targmani Tanamedrove qarTulze, gamokvleva-komentarebi). 4) iv. javaxiSvili, Sromebi, VIII, gv. 56-65; 5) k. kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. lit. ist., 1980, 113-122; 6) P. Peeters, Passio nobilie dominae Susanicae (laTinuri Targmani qarT. da somxuri teqstebisa) Analecta Bollandiana t. 53, da I-II III-IV, 1935. 7) G. Flang, Lives and Legends of the Georgian Sante (inglisuri Targmani), Landon, 1956, p. 44. 8) Кекелидзе, Яков Цуртавели, Мученичество Шушаника, Тбил., 1979. 9) w. janaSia, SuSanikis wameba, Tbilisi, 1980; 10) c. qurcikiZe, SuSanikis wameba, Tb. 1978 da sxva.

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TxzulebaSi moTxrobilia Tavgadasavali erTi axalgazrda (30 wlis) sparseli mazdeani kacisa, gvirobandakisa, romelic mcxeTaSi Camosula im dros, rodesac aRmosavleT saqarTvelo da maT Soris qarTlic mazdeani sparselebis batonobis qveS imyofeboda da iq mefoba gauqmebuli iyo. aq mas Seuswavlia xeloba (,,meÃamleoba” - mewaReoba), moswonebia qristianuli sarwmunoeba, romelsac igi jer kidev sparseTSi gascnobia, ukvirdeboda da swavlobda mas, xolo bolos monaTlula kidec samoel qarTlis kaTalikosis xeliT da uwodes mas evstaTi. es procesi, Cveni azriT, daaCqara axalgazrda qristian qarTvel qalTan nacnobobam, rac maTi qorwinebiT damTavrda (da ara ise, rogorc samecniero literaturaSi aris warmodegnili – daqorwinda, eyola Svilebi da Semdeg moinaTla). male mcxeTaSi mcxovrebma sparselma mazdeanebma evstaTis gaqristianebis ambavi mcxeTis cixisTavs moaxsenes, xolo man evstaTi sxva gaqristianebul Svid sparselTan erTad Tbilisis marzpanis samsjavroze gagzavna. am dros marzpani Sahis karze gaiwvies da gamgzavrebis win man qarTlis kaTalikosisa da didebulebis TxovniT patimari eqvsTviani patimrobis Semdeg gaaTavisufla. sami wlis Semdeg evstaTi kvlav daasmines axlad Camosul sxva marzpanTan, romelmac bevri Txovna-muqaris Semdeg, rom evstaTi dabruneboda mazdeanobas, da roca mizans ver miaRwia, brZana misi sikvdiliT dasja TaviskveTiT da misi gvamis qalaqgareT gadagdeba. RamiT qristianebma evstaTis gvami moipares da misi anderZis Tanaxmad mcxeTaSi daasaflaves.

TxzulebaSi moTxrobili ambebis qronologiuri sazRvrebis dasadgenad monacemebi TviT ZeglSi aris miTiTebuli: Txroba iwyeba 541 wliT (sparseTSi xosro pirvelis mefobis meaTe wels mcxeTaSi evstaTis Camosvla) da mTavrdeba 545 (a. harnaki – iv. javaxiSvili) an 551 wliT (k. kekeliZe; evstaTis sikvdiliT dasja)1. e.i. avtori evstaTis Tavgadasavlis fonze agviwers VIs. Sua wlebis qarTlis umefod darCenili samefos (mefoba sparselma dampyroblebma gaauqmes 526 wels) politikur, saeklesio da kulturul mdgomareobas. dawerilia arcTu maRali mxatvrul-stilisturi eniT, magram Sinaarsobrivad datvirTuli, faqtebis siuxviT gamorCeuli es Txzuleba erT-erTi saukeTeso wyaroa imdroindeli istoriuli wyaroTmcodneobiTi masalebis deficitis fonze: uzenaes xelisuflebas ganasaxierebs sparseTis Sahis mier daniSnuli marzpani, romlis rezidencia TbilisSia, xolo regionalur xelisuflebas – marzpanis daniSnuli sparsuli cixisTavebi. sasamarTlo saqmeebi mxolod marzpanis prerogativaa. qarTuli eklesiis saqmeebSi, romelsac ganagebs qarTlis kaTalikosi, sparselebi ar erevian. Sinaur saqmeebSi monawileoben da formalurad ganageben qarTveli moxele-didebulebi: qarTlis pitiaxSi

1 k. kekeliZe, qarT. mwer. ist. I, Tb., 1980, gv. 509-511.

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da qarTlis mamasaxlisi. qristian morwmuneTagan idevnebian mxolod renegati sparselebi, vinc mazdeanoba uaryo da qristianuli naTlisReba miiRo.

sainteresoa TxzulebaSi aRwerili sayofacxovrebo suraTebic: igrZnoba mcxeTaSi mcxovrebi sparselebis simravle, romlebic marTavdnen mazdeanur dResaswaulebs. maTi ZiriTadi nawili xelosnebi da wvrilvaWrebi iyvnen. rodesac evstaTi meored daapatimres da TbilisSi mihyavdaT, igi gamoemSvidoba ojaxis wevrebs da ,,mona-mxevalTa” TvisTa, ramac qarTul istoriografiaSi warmoSva eWvi, rom am epoqaSi xelosansac ki SeeZli sakuTari mona-mxevlebi hyoloda (iv. javaxiSvili, Sromebi, I, 1979, gv. 321). arada, Cveni azriT, am faqtis axsna martivad SeiZleba: evstaTi CaesiZa SeZlebul ojaxSi, romelis Tavkacic, e.i. meuRlis mama ukve gardacvlili iyo. ase gaxda igi ,,mona-mxevalTa” patroni. sainteresoa agreTve erTi detalic: TxzulebaSi samjer aris saubari jer dasasjeli, xolo Semdeg dasjili evstaTis gvamis qalaqgareT dagdebaze ,,SesaWmelad mÃecTa (an ZaRlTa) da mfrinvelTa”. am faqts miiCnevdnen damsjelTa sisastikisa da dasjilisadmi udierad mopyrobis nimuSad. sinamdvileSi aq da yvela im qarTul ,,wamebaSi”, romlebic mazdeanobis dros exeba (,,raJdenis wameba”, ,,abibos nekreselis wameba”, msgavsi moqmedeba asaxavs micvalebulis dasaflavebis mazdeanur wess, rac maTi rwmeniT mzis sxivebis qveS gvamis sxeulidan sulis swraf ganTavisuflebas da zecaSi asvlas aCqarebda, xolo miwaSi daflva am process xels uSlida.1 amas adasturebs agreTve naTargmn hagiografiul ZeglSi (,,epifane kviprelis cxovreba, Vs.) aRwerili msgavsi epizodic.

,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba” msgavsebas iCens uZveles bizantiur martirologiur ZeglebTan (rogorc vTqviT, qarTuli Txzulebis saTauric amas mowmobs). TxzulebaSi moxseniebuli ormoc sebastiel mowameTa ambavi maT Sesaxeb Seqmnili martvilobis am droisaTvis qarTulad Targmanze unda miuTiTebdes. sainteresoa Txzulebis sxva wyaroebic: TxzulebaSi gadmocemuli Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebis Sinaarsi xSirad ar emTxveva bibliis kanonikuri wignebis Sinaarss. fiqroben, rom aq motanilia siriuli, an sparsuli, SesaZlebelia qarTulic e.w. Targumebi – bibliuri wignebis Sinaarsis perifrazul-komentirebuli teqstebi. Txzulebas usargeblia agreTve apokrifuli TxzulebiT: ,,dabadebisTvis cisa da queyanisa da adamisaTÂs”.2

rogorc vTqviT, ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis” teqstis Semcveli uZvelesi xelnaweri XIs-isaa, xolo danarCeni rva – XVIIIs. amasTanave Txzulebis

1 e. gabiZaSvili, mazdeanobis kvali zogierT qarTul hagiografiul ZeglSi, sveticxovlobisadmi miZRvnili samecniero konferenciis (11-13X, 1995) masalebi, Tb. 1998w.2 e. gabiZaSvili, evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba (narkvevi), saq. lit. mcodneobis akademiis Sromebi, V, Tb. 2007w.

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Tavdapirvel teqsts uZvelesi xarvezis gamo furceli unda akldes Txrobis dasasrulis cota win. cxadia, es xarvezi gviandel xelnawerebSic aris.

bolo xanebSi gamoiTqva varaudi, rom evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba dawerili unda iyos VIIs. I naxevarSi (xosro II farvizis (590-628)1 da ara xosro I, anu Sirvanis (531-578ww.) dros)2, ris mtkicebasac albaT ufro mkveTri argumentebi dasWirdeba.

Txzulebis qarTuli teqsti ramdenjerme gamoica: pirvelad m. sabininis mier ,,saqarTvelos samoTxeSi” 1882w., gv. 313-322; 1964w., yvela xelnaweris mixedviT: Zveli qarTuli hagiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, gv. 30-45. 2005 w. e. WeliZe, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero mwerloba, I, Tbilisi, gv. 309-479 (teqsti, Targmani Tanamedrove qarTul enaze, gamokvleva-komentarebi). Targmani ki rusulad (М. Сабини, Полное жизнеопесание святых груз. церкви, r, II, сбр. 1872), germanulad (iv. javaxiSvilis mier: Das Martyrium des Heiligen Eustatius von Mzcheta – JurnalSi: prusiis samefo mecn. akademiis moambe, berlini, 1901, XXXVIII, 875-912: ZiriTadi literatura: iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. Targmanis winasityvaoba, dawerili a. harnakTan erTad, missive Zveli qarTuli saist. mwerloba, Sromebi VIII t. 66-70;k. kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. lit-is istoria, I, Tb., 1980, gv. 508-515; m. CxartiSvili, martÂlobaÁ... evstaTi mcxeTelisaÁ... (wyaroTmcod. gamokvleva), Tb. 1991, gv. 33-53, s. kakabaZe, evstaTi mcxeTelis cxovreba, saist. kreb. III, 1928, 76-80. ). e. gabiZaSvili, evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba, (narkvevi) saq. lit. mcodneobis akademiis Sromebi V, Tbilisi, 2007 w.

3. raJdenis wameba

raJdeni iTvleba saqarTvelos eklesiis pirvelmowamed (iseve, rogorc mTel qristianul samyaroSi pirvelmowamed iTvleba stefane diakoni). sakvirveli is aris, rom Vs. I naxevarSi wamebuli wmindanis Sesaxeb martirologiuri Txzuleba pirvelad (yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cvenamde moRweulTa Soris) daiwera XVIIIs. I naxevarSi. besarion orbeliSvilis, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis Txzuleba, romlis sruli saTauria ,,wamebaÁ da Rvawli wmidisa didisa mowamisa raJdenisi, romeli iwama JamTa didisa mefisa vaxtangisaTa sparsTa mier qarTls Sina, sofelsa Sina wroms”, efuZneba im Zvel matianes, rogorc avtori aRniSnavs, romelSic aRwerili iyo ,,simxne da moTmineba” raJdenisa, Tumca dReisaTvis mowamis Sesaxeb Zveli wyaroebidan im ramdenime frazam moaRwia, rac istorikos juanSeris (XIs.) saxeliT cnobil vaxtang gorgasalis istoriiTaa cnobili: raJdeni yofila sparseli mazdeani,

1 m. CxartiSvili, martvilobaÁ evstaTi mcxeTelisaÁ (wyaroTmcodneobiTi gamokvleva), Tb. 1991, gv 33-59. 2 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarT. lit. istoria, gv. 512-515.

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vaxtang gorgasalis momavali meuRlis, sparseTis Sahis qaliSvilis aRmzrdeli, mamamZuZe da aRsazrdels Camohyolia qarTlSi da aq miuRia qristianoba. is qarTvelebis mxareze ibrZoda sparselebis Semosevebis dros. erT-erTi Setakebis dros is sparselebs tyved CaugdiaT da sparsuli sarwmunoebis RalatisaTvis sikvdiliT dausjiaT q. wromSi (jvarze gakruli raJdeni moisarTa samizne yofila, uneburad gagvaxsendeba wm. sebastiane) daaxloebiT, 463-464ww.. mowamis gvami qristianebma moipares da saidumlod damarxes, xolo Semdgom, dawynarebis Jams vaxtangs misi neSti gadausvenebia axlad aSenebul niqozis saepiskoposo eklesiaSi.

besarions, romlis wyaros Seadgenda ,,Zvelni matianeni... da mimoganTesulobani eseviTarTa uwyebaTani”, sakuTari fantaziiT da ritorikuli enawylianobiT ganuvrcia mopovebuli mwiri dokumenturi masala da vrceli martirologiuri Txzuleba Seuqmnia mowamis Sesaxeb, romelic avtoris sityvebiT: ,,dasabami mowameTaÁ raÁ vTqu, ara Tu saxiTa yovelTa mowameTa dasabamad vTqu, aramed CuenTa amaT da qarTvelTa Soris gamobrwyinvebulTa mowameTa dasabam iqmna sanatreli ese... pirvel amis netarisa ara visi smenil ars martvilobaÁ queyanasa amas saqarTvelosasa (Zeglebi V, gv. 66).

,,raJdenis wamebis” qarTuli teqsti (besarionis avtografuli xelnaweri – S-3269, XVIIIs. I nax.) orjer gamoica, pirvelad 1882w. saq. samoTxeSi, gv. 169-179 da Zv. qarT. hagiogr. Zeglebi, V, 64-79, xolo misi laTinuri Targmani Seasrula P. Peeters-ma (Analecta Bolondianna, t, 33, 1914, 305-317, gamokvleva 294-305). literatura: k. kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. lit. istoria I, 1980, gv. 351: m. qavTaria, besarion orbeliSvilis cxovreba da moRvaweoba, xel. inst. moambe, I, 1959, gv. 90-93: misive, Zeglebi V, 195-197; iv. lolaSvili, qarTuli wignisa da mwignobrobis saTaveebTan, Tb., 1978, gv. 72-78.

4. abibos nekreselis wameba

abibos nekreseli erT-erTia siriidan aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi VIs. Sua wlebSi mosul im 13 monazonTagan, romelTa saxelebs ukavSirdeba pirveli monastrebis daarseba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, da erTia im orTagan, visac maT Soris wilad xvda episkoposobis pativi (abiboss-nekresis eparqiisa, xolo ises - wilknisa) da erTaderTi, vinc maT Soris mowamis gvirgviniT Seimko.

abibos nekreselma Seuracxyo mazdean sparsTa siwminde: wyali daasxa da Caaqro maTi ritualuri cecxli, risTvisac igi Caqoles, ,,qviT gantvines” q. rexSi, marzpanis samsjavros Sedegad. es faqti momxdara VIs. II naxevarSi, xolo Txzuleba, romelmac es movlenebi aRnusxa, Cvenamde mxolod IXs. dawerili TxzulebiT aris moRweuli, Tumca safiqrebelia, rom am Zeglis IXs. avtorma

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ufro Zveli wyaro gamoiyena, ar aris gamoricxuli – wamebisdroindelic. moRweuli Txzulebis avtorad tradiciulad IXs. qarTlis kaTalikoss arsen dids asaxeleben. es Txzuleba erTaderTi XIIIs. nakluli xelnaweriT (A-199) aris moRweuli, Tumca misi nakluli nawilis aRdgena SesaZlebelia, radgan ramdenime gviandelma xelnawerma (A-130; A-170 da sxv.) Semogvinaxa TiTqmis igive teqsti, mcireodeni frazeologiuri cvlilebebiT da epilogis darTviT. am gviandel teqsts xSirad abibos nekreselis metafrasuli redaqciis wamebasac uwodeben, Tumca sinamdvileSi es Zegli Xs-Si arsen II qarTlis kaTalikosma (955-980ww.) arsen didi kaTalikosis (IXs. II nax.) mier dawerili zemonaxsenebi abibos nekreselis wamebis teqsti odnav Seaswora da mis mier Seqmnil ioane zedaznelisa da mis mowafeTa (Sio mRvimeli, daviT garejeli) saerTo TxzulebaSi CarTo mis bolo nawilad da amitom wina nawilebTan dasakavSireblad epilogis darTva gaxda saWiro.1

abibos nekreselis Zveli redaqciis teqsti pirvelad m. janaSvilma gamoaqveyna Tavis saeklesio muzeumis xelnawerebis aRwerilobaSi, w. III, 1902, gv. 25-28. meored s. kakabaZem saist. krebuli, w. V, 1924, gv. 239-246. ufro kritikulia bolo ori gamocema: il. abulaZisa, asurel moRvaweTa cxovrebis wignTa Zveli redaqciebi, 1954, 188-196 (vrceli, gviandeli teqstis paralelurad; Zv. qarT. agiogr. lit. Zeglebi, II, 1964, gv. 240-248 (orive paralelurad). ix. agr. s. yubaneiSvilis Zv. qarT. lit. qrestomaTia, I, 1946, gv. 167-169 (uZvelesi). literatura: il. abulaZis dasax. gamocema, k. kekeliZe, sakiTxi siriel moRvaweTa qarTlSi Semosvlis Sesaxeb, etiudebi, I, 1956, gv. 19-50. iv. javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, 1928, gv. 324-347; e. gabiZaSvili, asureli moRvaweebis `cxovrebaTa~ e.w. arqetipebis urTierT mimarTebisaTvis, matiane, els, #4, 1982, gv. 61-67. z. aleqsiZe, abibos nekreselis martvilobis teqstologiur-qronologiuri sakiTxebi, mravalTavi, XVIII, Tb. 1999, gv. 12-29, da sxv. mravali.

II. mahmadian arabTa winaaRmdeg brZolis amsaxveli qarTuli martirologiuri hagiografiis Zeglebi (VIII-Xss.)

1. habo tfilelis ,,wameba”

,,wamebaÁ wmidisa da netarisa mowamisa qristesisa haboÁsi, romeli iwama qarTls Sina. qalaqsa tfiliss, ÃeliTa sarkinozTaÁTa. gamoTqmuli iovane Zisa sabanisi brZanebiTa qristes mier samoel qarTlisa kaTalikozisaÁTa” pirveli

1 e. gabiZaSvili, asurel moRvaweebis ,,cxovrebaTa” e.w. arqetipebis urTierTmimarTebisaTvis, macne els, #4, 1982w. gv. 61-67.

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,,wamebaa”, romelic aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi arabTa batonobis periodSi daiwera. Txzulebis saTaurSivea dasaxelebuli da Cvenc gavimeorebT, rom ,,wameba” dauweria mowamis TviTmxilvelsa da Tanamedroves iovane sabanis Zes (,,...sanatreliTa miT qristesmieriTa siyuaruliTa Semiyuare me, vidre iyav sofelsa amas Sina Cuensa”), rasac adasturebs samoel qarTlis kaTalikosi, Txzulebis damkveTi (,,Sen TÂT uwyi sanatrelisa amis axlisa mowamisa haboÁsi, romeli dReTa amaT CuenTa imartÂla”), 786-790ww.-Si, radganac habos martvilobis TariRi – 786 weli, TviT TxzulebaSia dasaxelebuli, 790 weli samoelis gardacvalebis TariRia, xolo man rom iovanes mier dasrulebuli Txzuleba miiRo, es faqti Txzulebis Sesavlidan – iovanes samoelisadmi sapasuxo epistolidan Cans. iovane sabanis Zis Sesaxeb TiTqmis araferia cnobili, Tumca damkvidrda azri, rom igi saero piri unda yofiliyo, rac erTaderTi gamonaklisi iqneboda qarTul hagiografiul mwerlobaSi, magram sinamdvileSi iovanec sasuliero piri unda iyos, radgan saeklesio kanonmdeblobiT ,,ara uÃms eriskacsa saerod aRZrvaÁ sityÂsaÁ, anu swavlaÁ erisaÁ” (didi sjuliskanoni, V kr. 64-e kanoni, gv. 394-395). Txzulebam dawerisdroindeli xelnaweriT ver moaRwia, magram wamebis teqsti Semogvinaxa IXs. (A-1109; A-19) da Xs. (Ath.-8; Sin11, A-95) xelnawerebma.

habo, erovnebiT arabi Wabuki, rogorc msaxuri TbilisSi Camohyolia nerse qarTlis erisTavs, romelic arabebs datusaRebuli hyavdaT q. baRdadSi da 3 wlis patimrobis Semdeg gamoustumrebiaT. aq igi, moxibluli qristianuli sarwmunoebiT farulad dadioda eklesiaSi. xelaxali dapatimrebis SiSiT nerse xazareTSi gaxiznula da Tan haboc wauyvania. aq man miiRo naTlisReba da oficialurad gaqristianda.

erTxans habo Tavis qristianul moRvaweobas agrZelebda afxazeTSi, sadac nerses ojaxi iyo Tbilisidan gaxiznuli da sadac Cavida nerse xazareTidan habos TanxlebiT. aq habos ukve SeeZlo uSiSrad gamoemJRavnebina Tavisi qristianuli grZnobebi, radgan amdroindeli afxazeTi iyo ,s,avse qristes sarwmunoebiTa da aravin urwmunoTagani mkÂdrad ipovebis sazRvarTa maTTa” (Zeglebi, I, 59).

qarTlSi politikuri situaciis normalizaciam SesaZlebeli gaxada nerses Tbiliss dabruneba da gaqristianebuli aboc mahmadian Tanametome arabTa garemocvaSi moxvda. maTi dabezRebis Semdeg igi amiras samsjavros winaSe wardga, magram stefane erismTavris ZalisxmeviT amjerad gadarCa sasjels da gaanTavisufles, magram meored dasmenis Semdeg imis SiSiT, rom mas mimbaZvelebi ar gamosCenoda, habo sapyrobileSi Caagdes, xolo radgan habos verc simdidris dapirebam, Seacvlevina gadawyvetileba da verc tanjva-wamebam. patimrobis mecamete dRes, naTlisRebis dResaswaulze, 6 ianvars mas Tavi mohkveTes, gvami ki dawves da cxvris tyavSi gaxveuli neSti mtkvarSi gadaagdes, raTa igi morwmuneTa Tayvaniscemis sagani ar gamxdariyo.

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qarTlSi gabatonebuli arabTa Tvistomis gaqristianeba da qristes sarwmunoebisaTvis sicocxlis gawirva ufro mZlavri argumenti iyo Txzulebis avtoris – iovane sabanisZis xelSi arabTa zemoqmedebis wnexis Sedegad SeSinebul da rwmenaSeryeul qarTvelebSi qristianuli religiis gansamtkiceblad, vidre arabebis mier, vTqvaT, ramdenime qarTveli morwmunis wameba. es ragumenti man brwyinvaled gamoiyena da Seqmna pirveli erovnuli paTosiT aRsavse hagiografiuli Txzuleba, romelSic maRalmxatvrul-alegoriuli da ritorikul-paTetikuri xerxebiT auwya mrevls, rom kars momdgari saxelmwifoebrivi da sarwmunoebrivi katastrofa qristianuli rwmenis mxolod mtkiced dacviT SeiZleba aviciloT Tavidan. Txzulebis kompozicia originaluria da analogi ar moepoveba qarTul hagiografiaSi. mTlianobaSi ,,habos wameba” Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis ramdenime dargis sinTezs warmoadgens: Txzuleba iwyeba damkveTis epistoliTa da avtoris sapasuxo epistoliT dakveTis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, Semdeg CamoTvlilia Txzulebis oTxi Tavis saxelwodeba. 1. Tavi warmoadgens qadagebis formiT mrevlis damoZRvras, Tu ras niSnavs dampyrobelTa monobisas Seqmnili umZimesi mdgomareobis dros qveynisa da xalxisaTvis axali mowamis habos gamoCena da qristesTvis Tavdadeba. meore da mesame Tavebi, Cveulebrivi, oRond ostaturad dawerili martirologiuri hagiografiis Zeglia, romelSic qarTlis, xazareTisa da afxazeTis qveynebis saintereso politikuri da eTnografiuli detalebis fonze moTxrobilia habos baRdadidan TbilisSi Camosvla, gaqristianeba da bolos dasja (sxvaTa Soris, erT-erT Zvel xelnawerSi habos wameba mxolod II da III TavebiT aris warmodgenili). meoTxe Tavi homiletikuri Sesxmis anu qebis pirveli qarTuli nimuSia, agebuli e.w. ,,gixaroden”-is Targze dionise areopagelis zecis ierarqiis Teoriis mixedviT.

iovane sabanisZe Tavisi Txzulebis dawerisaTvis, Cveulebisamebr uxvad uxmobs sxvadasxva wyaros da ostaturad iyenebs maT Tavisi Txzulebis ZiriTadi debulebis warmosaCenad. maT Soris mravladaa Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebidan moxmobili citatebi, Tu maTi perifrazebi. sxva wyaroebidan igrZnoba originaluri hagiografiuli ZeglebiT - ,,SuSanikis wamebiT” da ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobiT” – sargeblobis kvali. naTargmnidan _ ,,ormoc sebastel mowameTa martvilobiT”, ,,stefane pirvelmowamis martvilobiT”. gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia ,,habos wamebis” pirvel TavSi warmodgenili qristes simboluri epiTetebis CamonaTvali da maTi komentari TiTqmis sityva-sityviT aRebulia epifane kviprelis ,,aRvsebisaTÂs” qarTuli Targmanidan (il. abulaZe, Sromebi III, Tbilisi, 1982w. gv. 128-139).

,,abo tfilelis wameba” mravaljer aris gamocemuli, maTgan davasaxelebT umTavress: pirveli gamocema – 1863w. d. CubinaSvili, qrestomaTia, peterburgi,

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gv. 19-23; k. kekeliZe, adrindeli feodaluri qarTuli literatura, 1935, gv. 55-80; Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, 1964, gv. 46-81: e. WeliZe, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero mwerloba, I, Tbilisi, 2005 w. gv. 1045-1150 (teqsti, Targmani Tanamedrove qarTulze, gamokvleva _ komentarebi). Targmnilia rusulad: М. Сабинин, Полное жизнеописание святых груз. церкви, I, 1871, с. 166-178; К. Кекелидзе, Памятники древнегрузинской агиографической литературы, Тбилиси, 1956, с. 31-60 (agr. etiudebi, XII, 1973, 104-128); germanulad: K. Schultze, Das Martyrium des heiligen Abo von Tiflis, Texte und Untersuchungen, N. Folge, XIII, 4. Leipyig, 1905; inglisuri (perifrazuli) D. Lang, The Martyrdom of Abo, the perfumer from Baghdad, Lives, p. 115-133. literatura: zemodasaxelebul gamocemaTa winasityvaoba da gamokvlevebi: agreTve k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli lit. istoria, I, 1980, 129-192; iv. javaxiSvili, Sromebi VIII, Tbilisi, 1977, gv. 76-85; P. Peeters, Les Khazars dans la Passion de s. Abo de Tifles, Analecta Bollandiana, T. LII, fabcicule 1-2, Bruxelles, 1934, 23-28. M. Biro, Abo's Georgian vita, Acta Orient. Hung, T. XXXI, Face. 2, p. 258-259. z. aleqsiZe, abo Tbilelis martvilobis TariRi da masTan dakavSirebuli qarTlis erisTavTa qronilogia, mravalTavi, XIX, Tbilisi, 2001, gv. 311-315.

2. arCil mefis wameba

,,wamebaÁ wmidisa da didebulisa arCilisi, romeli iyo mefe qarTlisa”, asaxavs VIIIs. II naxevarSi arabebis batonobas qarTlSi, erTaderTi martirologiuri Txzulebaa qarTul mwerlobaSi, romelic Cven ara hagiografiulma krebulebma Semogvinaxa, aramed qarTulma saistorio matianem - ,,qarTlis cxovrebis” nusxebma. ,,qarTlis cxovrebis” am nawilis minawerebi erTmaneTis sapirispiro cnobebs Seicavs ,,arCilis wamebis” daweris droisa da avtoris sakiTxebSi: Txzulebis dasawyisis wina furcelze aseTi minaweria: ,,ese arCilis wameba da mefeTa cxovreba da ninos mier qarTlis moqceva leonti mrovelman aRwera”, xolo Txzulebis bolos weria: ,,wigni ese wamebisa misisa ipova esreT sul mcired aRwerili, romel JamTa SlilobiTa jerisaebr vervis aRewera. xolo wigni ese qarTvelTa cxovrebisa vidre vaxtangisamde aRiwereboda JamiTi Jamad, xolo vaxtang mefisiTgan vidre aqamomde (e.i. arCilis wamebis CaTvliT – e.g.) aRwera juanSer – juanSerman, Zmiswulis qmarman wmidisa arCilisman, naTesavman mefisaman, mirianis Zisaman...” (qarT. cx., gv. 248). amitom mkvlevarTa azrebi gayofilia da sabolood aseTi kompromisia daSvebuli, rom leonti mrovelma ukve arsebuli mokle Txzuleba juanSerisa CarTo Tavis istoriografiul SromaSi. Cven vfiqrobT, rom ,,arCilis wamebis” mokle teqstTan unda gaerTianes Txroba stefanozis (abos wamebaSi moxseniebuli qarTlis erismTavris) ZeTa

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misisa da arCilis mefobasTan dakavSirebuli teqstic, romelic ,,qarTlis cxovrebaSi” uSualod uZRvis win ,,arCilis wmaebis” calke saTauriT gamoyofil teqsts, miT umetes, rom orive nawilis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tema ,,dafluli saganZuris” Ziebas exeba, e. i. maT Soris uSualo Sinaarsobrivi kavSiria. am SemTxvevaSi Txzuleba aramcTu mokle, aramed sakmaod soliduri moculobis iqneba.

arCili, qarTlis mefe VIIIs. Sua wlebidan, 787w. uwamebia arabTa mxedarTmTavars asims, radgan man ar uaryo qristianoba da ar miiRo mahmadianoba. es momxdara 20 marts. daukrZalavT pirvel mefe-mowame ,,noteoras” kaxeTSi, arCilisave aSenebul eklesiaSi.

Txzuleba gamocemulia ,,qarTlis cxovrebis” teqstTan erTad (I, 245-248) XV-XVIIIss. xelnawerebis mixedviT (Q-795 XVs.; Q-207, XVI, IInax.; S-30, 1633-1646) da sxv. agreTve Zv. qarT. agiografiuli lit. Zeglebi III, 208-212; Targmnilia rusulad (М. Сабинин, Полное жизнеописание святых груз. церкви, III, 1873, с. 71-84). literatura: d. janaSvili, mefe miri da misi Zma mefe arCili, II, mowame, nobaTi, 1884 #10-12, gv. 472-477; k. kekeliZe, qarT. lit. ist. I, Tb., 1980, gv. 241-243 e. xoStaria-brose, leonti mroveli da qarTlis cxovreba, Tb., 1996, gv. 67-81.

3. daviT da kostantines wameba

,,wamebaÁ da Ruawli wmidaTa da didebulTa mowameTa daviT da kostantinesi, romelni iwamnes queyanasa CrdiloeTisasa sanaxebsa arguTeisasa, sabrZanebelsa qarTvelTasa...” aRwers 737-341 wlebSi, Tumca anonimi avtori gacilebiT gviandeli mweralia – ara uadres XIs. miwurulisa, an XIIs. dasawyisisa. daviTi da konstantine arabTa winaaRmdeg brZolis pirveli msxverplni arian, romelTa Sesaxeb, marTalia, mogvianebiT, magram mainc Seiqmna ,,wameba”. daviTi da misi umcrosi Zma kostantine, argveTis mTavrebi, meTaurobdnen qarTvelTa im jars, romelmac sastiki brZola gauCaRa momxdurebs, magram mtris simravlem iZala da qarTvelebi damarcxdnen, xolo Zmebi tyved Cavardnen. mahmadian arab mxedarTmTavars undoda, rom aseTi mamaci mebrZolebi Tavis mxareze gadmoebirebina da daviTisa da kostantines gamahmadianeba ewada. xangrZlivi sarwmunoebrivi kamaTis Semdeg, romelSic TiToeuli mxare sakuTari sarwmunoebis upiratesobis damtkicebas cdilobda, Zmebis mtkice qristianulma aRmsareblobam da mahmadianobis crurwmenis mxilebam murvan yru moTminebidan gamoiyvana da maTi sikvdiliT dasja brZana. lodmobmuli mowameebi md. rionSi daaRrCves, xolo maTi gvamebi morwmuneebma murvan yrus mier dangreuli eklesiis sardafSi, cariel luskumaSi Caasvenes. swored am adgilas bagrat IV-m

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maTi saxelobis taZari aago da monasteri daarsa (dRevand. ,,mowameTa”) rogorc es aRwerilia winamdebare ,,wamebaSi”.

samecniero literaturaSi es Txzuleba dakarguli maTi ,,wamebis” Zveli teqstis mixedviT dawerilad miaCniaT (,,viTarca gviswavies ese ZuelTa uwyebaTagan), magram wyaroebidan amokrefili masala, vfiqrobT, maincdamainc am mowameTa kimenuri ,,wamebis” arsebobas ar unda niSnavdes, xolo Txzuleba, romelic momxdari ambebidan daax. 350 wlis Semdeg iwereba, ra Tqma unda, raRac wyaroebs eyrdnoba. amitom, Cveni azriT, es Txzuleba pirvelad daiwera am saxiT da misi daweris mizezi swored bagratis mier maTi saxelobis eklesiis mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg masSi daviT da kostantines wmida nawilebis gadasveneba unda iyos, e.i. XI s. bolos. Txzuleba XIII-XIV ss. xelnawerma Semogvinaxa (Q-762; danarCenebi – XVIIIs.); gamocemaTagan aRsaniSnavia: pirveli 1882w. (m. sabininis ,,saq. samoTxe”, gv. 323-330) da ukanaskneli 1971w. (Zeglebi III, gv. 248-262). Targmnilia rusulad (М. Сабинин, dasax. naSromi, I, 154-165). literaturidan: cnobil mwerals, giorgi wereTels dauweria narkvevi maT Sesaxeb ,,kvalSi” #45 da #46, 1893w. agr. k. kekeliZe, qarT. lit. istoria, I, 1980, gv. 538-539. e. gabiZaSvili, Zeglebi IV, 154-60.

4. kostanti kaxis ,,wameba”

,,cxorebaÁ da wamebaÁ wmidisa mowamisa kostantisi qarTvelisaÁ, romeli iwama babilonelTa mefisa jafaris mier” mogviTxrobs arabTa sardlis buRa Turqis laSqrobis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi 853 wels Tbilisis arabi amiris sahakis dasajelad, romelmac xalifasagan damoukidebloba moindoma.

qarTlis didebuli aznauri kostanti, zedwodebiT kaxi, amiras momxreTa dasSi iricxeboda da brZolaSi datyvevebuli xalifis karze q. samaraSi wargzavnes, sadac mas, qristianobis datovebis moTxovnaze sastiki uaris Semdeg, Tavi mohkveTes imave 853 wels.

Txzulebis avtoris vinaoba ucnobia, Tumca igi momxdari movlenebis Tanamedrovea: ,,aRvwere cxorebaÁ da wameba... kostantisi, romeli iyo dReTa CuenTa”, magram ara TviTmxilveli, ufro metic: igi sazRvargareT, albaT saberZneTSi moRvawe qarTvelia, rogorc amas aRniSnaven iv. javaxiSvili da k. kekeliZe, radgan Txrobis dro saberZneTSi Teodora dedoflisa da misi Zis miqaelis mefobis periodiT aris miTiTebuli, amasve adasturebs bizantiis mefeTa mier mowerili epistole kostantis ojaxisadmi saqarTveloSi. Cveni mxriT davamatebT, rom saqarTvelos farglebs gareT moRvawe qarTvelTa misamarTiT qarTul da ucxour wyaroebSi xSirad ixmareba ,,qarTveli”, rogorc es am Txzulebis saTaurSia (Sdr. ,,ilarion qarTveli”, ,,proxore qarTveli”,

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,,petre qarTveli (an iberieli) da sxv. mr.). Txzuleba mcire moculobisaa da fatqebis arcTu siuxviT gamoirCeva, magram igi ar aris falsificirebuli da arasando wyaro, rogorc amas p. peetersi cdilobs warmoaCinos1, rac k. kekeliZem amomwuravi argumentebiT uaryo.2

,,kostanti kaxis wamebis” xelnawerebi Zalze gviandelia – uZvelesi 1712 wlisa (A-130), gamocemaTagan davasaxelebT: 1882w. m. sabininis mier - ,,saq. samoTxe”, gv. 363-370; 1946w. s. yubaneiSvilis mier qrestomaTia I, gv. 73-80; 1964w. Zeglebi I, gv. 164-172. Targmnilia rusulad: n. vaCnaZisa da k. kucias mier: Житие и мученичество св. мученика Костантина Грузина (qarT. teqstTan erTad), Тб. 1978. laTinurad: P. Peeters, Passio S. Constantini Hiberi (qarT. teqsti laTinuri TargmaniT), Acta Sanctorum, Novemberis, t. IV 1925, 544-560. literatura sqolioSi miTiTebulisa da gamocemaTa winaswityvaobaTa garda: iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba, Sromebi, VIII, gv. 86-90; k. kekeliZe, qarT. lit. istoria I, Tb., 1980, gv. 520-522.

5. gobronis ,,wameba”

,,wamebaÁ wmidisa mowamisa gobronisa, romeli ganiyvanes yvelis cixiT” tbeTis pirveli episkoposis stefane mtbevaris mier dawerili Txzulebaa, romelSic aRwerilia arabi amiras abul kasimis 914 wlis somxeTsa da samxreT saqarTveloSi laSqrobis ambavi. moTxrobilia, Tu rogori winaaRmdegoba gauwies arabTa laSqars yvelis cixis damcvelma 128 mecixovnem da maTma meTaurma gobronma (anu miqaelma). cixis 28 - dRiani alyisa da aRebis Semdeg isini daatyveves, xolo qristianobis datovebisa da mahmadianobis miRebaze mtkice uaris gamo yvelani maxvilebiT akuwes 914w. 17XI.

Txzuleba stefane mtbevarma aSot erismTavris (zedsaxelad kuxis) davalebiT dawera 914-918ww. (bolo TariRi aSotis mkvlelobis welia). es arcTu vrceli Txzuleba, gansakuTrebiT misi Sesavali nawili saRvTismetyvelo Sinaarsis ganyenebuli msjelobebisa da saRvTo werilis citatebiT aris gadatvirTuli. avtoris azri arabebis mier somxeTis mooxrebisa da saerTod mtris Semosevebisa da qveynis awiokebis Sesaxeb providenciulia. Txzuleba didi mxatvruli RirsebebiT ver gamoirCeva, magram igi mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens TviTmxilveli avtoris mier danaxuli da mkiTxvelisaTvis warmodgenili imdroindeli politikuri viTarebisa da saomar moqmedebaTa gasacnobad. TxzulebaSi antisomxuri tendencia Cans.

1 P. Peeters, Des Constantino Martyre in Babilonis… Acta Sanctorum, Novembris, Iv, 1925, 541-554.2 k. kekeliZe, kostanti kaxis martviloba da vinaoba, etiudebi... I, Tb., 1956, gv. 138-146.

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,,gobronis wamebis” teqsti mxolod gviandelma xelnawerebma Semogvinaxa, maTgan yvelaze adrindeli mxolod 1713 wlisaa (A-130), danarCenebi XVIIIs. sxvadasxva wlebisa. pirvelad gamosca m. sabininma 1882w. ,,saqarTvelos samoTxeSi”, gv. 393-400; s. yubaneiSvilma – 1946w. ,,qrestomaTia”, I, gv. 80-85. yvelaze kritikulia bolo gamocema: ,,Zeglebi” I, Tbilisi, 1964w. gv. 172-183. Targmnilia rusulad М. Сабинин, Полное жизнеописание святых груз. церкви, II, 1872, с. 57-63. literatura: iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba, Sromebi VIII, 1977, gv. 117-120. k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarT. lit. istoria, I, 1980, gv. 145-146. el. cagareiSvili, miqel-gobroni qarTulsa da somxur saistorio mwerlobaSi, xeln. inst. moambe, I, 1959, gv. 127-144.

III mahmadian sparsTa winaaRmdeg brZolis amsaxveli qarTuli martirologiuri Zeglebi (XVI-XVIIIss.)

1. qeTevan dedoflis ,,wameba”

,,wamebaÁ yovlad didebulisa mowamisa dedoflisa qeTevanisi” pirveli martirologiuri Txzulebaa, romelmac asaxa aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi sparselTa XVI-XVIIIss. Semosevebis Sedegad datrialebuli tragikuli movlenebi. Txzulebis avtoria grigol dodorqeli (vaxvaxiSvili), daviT garejis udabnos dodos monasterSi XVII-XVIIIss. mijnaze moRvawe beri. marTalia, avtors momxdar ambebs saukuneze meti aSorebs, magram epizodebs iseTi cocxali ferebiT da Txrobis daxvewili ostatobiT aRwers, rom TviTmxilveli gegoneba. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos istoriis es rTuli, politikuri intrigebiT daxlarTuli da erovnuli damoukideblobis JiniT gaJRenTili monakveTi iseTi damajereblobiT aris gadmocemuli grigol dodorqelis TxzulebaSi, rom igi mematianeTa da istorikosTaTvis am periodis SeswavlisaTvis erT-erT ZiriTad wyarod iqca.

TxzulebaSi aRwerili da istoriulad momxdari es sisxliani faqtebi saqarTvelos istoriis kidev erTi saSineli, tragikuli furcelia. qeTevanis cxovrebis tragedia misi kaxeTis samefos dedoflad gaxdomisTanave daiwyo: jer meuRle gardaecvala (1602w.) Semdeg kaxeTis taxtisaTvis brZolas Tavisi mcirewlovani Svili, taxtis kanonieri memkvidre Teimurazi ganarida da sparseTis Sahis abasis karze gagzavna. taxtisaTvis brZola ki marTlac sisxliani gamodga: Sahis karze gazrdilma da gamahmadienbulma konstantinem, gardacvlili kaxeTis mefis Zmam, Sahis mxardaWeriT kaxeTis taxtis mocile mama da Zma moakvlevina (1605w.) da ,,qarTveli kaenis” saxeli daimkvidra. taxti daikava, magram ajanyebulma kaxelebma qeTevanis meTaurobiT konstantine da misi

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damqaSebi akuwes. Sahi iZulebuli gaxda 16 wlis Teimurazi kaxeTis mefed daesva (1606w.). am dros qveynis saqmes qeTevani ganagebda.

SedarebiT mSvidobiani wlebi male damTavrda. 1614 wels Sah-abasi kaxeTs Semosia da mZevlad aiyvana qeTevani da Teimuraz mefis ori mcirewlovani vaJi. esec ar ikmara da Teimurazis datyveveba moindoma, magram radgan es ver moaxerxa (Teimurazi imereTSi gaixizna), kaxeTi sastikad aaoxra da mosaxleobis didi nawili sparseTs waasxa (dResac cxovrobs im qarTvelTa STamomavloba sparseTSi, fereidanis provinciaSi. maTi ricxvi ramdenime aTasia), maT kar-midamoebSi ki sparselebi Caasaxla.

Sah-abasma Teimurazis uSedego devnis xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi jer misi mcirewlovani vaJebi daasaWurisa, rasac erTma ver gauZlo da mokvda, xolo meore SeiSala (Tumca moxucebulobamde icxovra), Semdeg qeTevanis jeri dadga: aTwliani patimrobis Semdeg, 1624 wels Sahma igi Sirazis mflobels gaugzavna moTxovniT: an gaemahmadianebina igi an tanjva-wamebiT moekla. dedofalma uyoymanod sikvdili arCia da cecxliTa da maxviliT usastikesi dawva-daWris Sedegad, rac Semzaravad aqvs aRwerili avtors, igi aResrula 1624w. 13 maiss. qeTevanis wminda nawilebi qristianebs jer dedoflis mier aSenebul egvterSi daumarxavT, magram isini kaTolikebs mouparavT da farulad dausaflavebiaT TavianT eklesiaSi, radgan daunaxavT, rom dedoflis wminda nawilebi saswaulebs axdenda. male, avtoris TqmiT, kaTolikeTa erT-erT mRvdels RvTis CagonebiT dedoflis wminda nawilTagan ,,zogi romelnime nawilni” (Tavi, marjvena fexi) ZRvnad Cautania TeimurazisaTvis da mTel qristianul sazogadoebas didi pativiT daukrZalavs alaverdis taZarSi. male sparseTidan dedoflis danarCeni nawilebic CamoutaniaT da dakrZalulisaTvis SeuerTebiaT.

qeTevan deodflis Rvawli pirvelad aRuweria misi ,,wamebis” TviTmxilvels, magram man Cvenamde ver moaRwia. farTod aisaxa es Tema saero literaturaSi: jer Teimurazma miuZRvna poema Tavisi dedis Tavdadebas, Semdeg arCil mefem CarTo Tavis ,,gabaasebaSi”. farTod gamoexmaurnen qeTevan deodflis wamebis faqts XVII-XVIIIss. qarTveli da ucxoeli mematianeebi da istorikosebi, kaTolikuri samyaros qronistebi da mwerlebi, Seiqmna mxatvruli da dramatuli Txzulebebi.

qeTevan dedoflis grigol dorqeliseuli ,,wameba” ki pirvelad gamovlinda da gamoica mxolod 1949 wels (tr. ruxaZe, axladaRmoCenili ,,cxovreba” da wameba qeTevan dedoflisa”, literaturuli Ziebani, V, gv. 248-267, teqsti da gamokvleva), meored gamoica 1989w. (Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli lit-is Zeglebi, V, gv. 5-32 teqsti da 136-165 - m. qavTarias gamokvleva). orive gamocema efuZneba XVIIIs. xelnawerebs (A-130, 1713w.; S-3269; A-170,173w.). literatura garda zemoT dasaxelebulisa: k. kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. lit. istoria, 1980, gv.

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342-343; r. gulbenkiani, namdvili cnobebi saqarTvelos dedoflis qeTevanis mowamebrivi sikvdilis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 1987w. (Targmnilia frangulidan).

agreTve, anton bagrationi, martirika, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli lit-is Zeglebi, VI, 1980, gv. 12-35 (qeTevanis ,,wamebis” teqsti); 446-457 (m. qavTarias gamokvleva).

2. luarsab mefis ,,wameba”

,,Ruawli wmidisa da sanatrelisa mowamisa da mefisa luarsabisi, romeli iwama Sah-abaz usjuloÁsa mier sparsTa mefisa” aris besarion kaTalikosis (orbeliSvilis) mier XVIIIs. I naxevarSi dawerili martirologiuri Txzuleba, romelSic moTxrobilia qarTlis samefos XVI-XVIIs. istoriuli movlenebi, romlebic viTardeboda qeTevanis ,,wamebaSi” gadmocemuli kaxeTis samefoSi momxdari movlenebis paralelurad, TiTqmis drois imave monakveTSi. amitom aris ,,qeTevanis wamebaSi” Setanili mTeli monakveTi luarsab mefis wamebis Sesaxeb, xolo ,,luarsabis wameba”-s atyvia ,,qeTevanis wamebiT” sargeblobis udavo kvali.

TxzulebaSi sainteresod aisaxa istoriul-politikuri suraTebi, romlebic bevr rameSi ar eTanxmeba oficialur istoriul cnobebs da am mxriv saintereso kiTxvas svams: vis mxarezea sinamdvile?

luarsab mefe Sah-abasis mzakvrul politikur interesebs Seewira. motyuebiT sparseTSi 1614w. Cayvanili mefe xangrZlivi patimrobis Semdeg Sirazis (qeTevanis wamebis adgili) cixeSi mSvildis sabliT moaSTves 1622w. 1 marts, radgan man sastiki uari Tqua qristianobis datovebasa da mahmadianobis miRebaze.

Txzulebis ritorikuli Sesavali homiletikur elfers atarebs, xolo istoriuli ambebis gadmocemaSi avtori JamTaaRmwerlis rolSi gvevlineba.

,,luarsabis wamebis” xelnawerebi Txzulebis dawerisdroindelia (S-3269; A-170), xolo maT safuZvelze gamocemuli ,,wamebis” teqsti jer s. yubaneiSvilis ,,qrestomaTiaSi”, I, 407-416 daibeWda 1946w., xolo meored Zveli qarT. agiografiuli literaturis ZeglebSi, V, gv. 33-49, 1989w.; literatura garda gamocemaTa winasityvaobebisa: m. qavTaria, besarion orbeliSvilis cxovreba da moRvaweoba, xel. inst. moambe, I, 1959, 86-93; k. kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. lit. istoria I, 1980, gv. 353.

3. biZina, Salva da elizbaris wameba

,,Sesxma wmidaTa mowameTa biZinasi, Salvasi da elisbarisi da uwyebaÁ wamebis maTisa” – besarion kaTalikosis (orbeliSvilis0 XVIIIs. I naxevarSi Seqmnili martirologiuri Txzuleba, mogviTxrobs sparsel dampyrobelTa winaaRmdeg

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kaxeTis 1659 wlis ajanyebisa da misi meTaurebis sikvdiliT dasjis istorias imave wlis 18 seqtembers sparseTSi, q. ardalans.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos politikuri da fizikuri ganadgureba XVII saukunis sparsTa Sahebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizani iyo, romlis uSualo ganxorcieleba 1614 wels Sah-abasma kaxeTze gamanadgurebeli SemosevebiT daiwyo da gadamwvar-gadabuguli miwidan mosaxleobis udidesi nawilis sparseTSi gadasaxlebiTa da maT adgilze Turqmeni (ulusTa) tomebis CamosaxlebiT damTavrda Sah-abaz II-is mier, rac qristiani qarTvelebis gamahmadianebas an maTi saxseneblis amoSlas iTvaliswinebda. swored am procesebis CaSlas da qarTl-kaxeTis moZaladeTagan ganTavisuflebas isaxavda miznad 1659 wlis ajanyeba, romelmac garkveulwilad CaSala sparselTa gegmebi, magram damsjeli zomebisa da qveynis kidev erTxel aoxrebisagan Tavidan acilebis mizniT ajanyebis meTaurebma gadawyvites nebayoflobiT warmdgariyvnen Sahis samsjavros winaSe da sakuTari sisxlis fasad gadaerCinaT qveyana aoxrebisagan. besarion orbeliSvili arcTu ise didi xniT iyo dacilebuli TxzulebaSi momxdari ambebidan da SeeZlo cxel kvalze sarwmuno cnobebi Seetana ,,wamebaSi”, es gansakuTrebiT Seexeba mis daskvniT nawils, romelSic kaxeTis ajanyebis gmirebis neStTa sparseTidan saqarTveloSi ,,welTa aramciredTa” Semdeg gadmosveneba da ikorTis monasterSi, erT samareSi dakrZalva aris aRwerili (radgan maTi nawilebis garCeva SeuZlebeli iyo).

Txzuleba, rogorc saTauridanac Cans, naxevrad homiletikuri da naxevrad hagiografiuli Zeglia, dawerili sakmaod maRali ritorikuli stiliT da erovnul-patriotuli suliskveTebiT. sami mowame-patriotis Tema saero literaturaSic aisaxa (akaki wereTlis ,,baSi-aCuki”), rogorc samSoblosaTvis Tavganwiruli erovnuli gmirebi. Txzulebis teqsti gamoqveynda 1882w. m. sabininis mier ,,saq. samoTxeSi”, gv. 599-609 da 1989w. Zv. qarT. agiogr. lit. Zeglebi, V, gv. 49-63, XVIIIs. I nax. xelnawerebis (S-3269 da A-170) mixedviT. literatura: m. qavTarias dasax. naSromi, gv. 86-93, k. kekeliZe, I, Tb., 353-354.

nawili meore

,,cxovreba – moqalaqobani~

qarTulma martirologiurma Txzulebebma, marTalia, udidesi roli Seasrula qarTveli xalxisa da eklesiis erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi erTianobis saqmeSi, qarTuli literaturis Camoyalibebisa, kulturis istoriis formirebaSi, magram qarTul hagiografiaSi centraluri adgili mainc ,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobis” Janrs uWiravs. swored am JanrSi daiwera is hagiografiuli Txzulebebi,

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romlebic garkveulwilad gansazRvraven qarTuli saeklesio mwerlobis zogadqristianul mniSvnelobas da wvlils msoflio civilizaciaSi.

hagiografiis or ZiriTad Janrad ,,wamebad” da ,,cxovrebad” dayofis safuZveli ara marto wmindanis aRsrulebis saxea (,,wamebaSi” – mowamebrivi sikvdili, ,,cxovrebaSi” xangrZlivi moRvaweobis Semdeg bunebrivi aRsasruli), aramed wmindanobis mopovebisa da RmerTis sauflosTan miaxloebis ori gansxvavebuli gza: 1) hagiografiuli mwerlobis ideali – mowameoba (qristes wamebis mibaZviT) da 2) yoveldRiuri mouRleli sarwmunoebrivi Sromisa da locvis gza – anu ,,yovelsa Jamsa iwamebodes saxelisaTÂs qristesisa”, ,,yovelTa dReTa ewamebian da SromaTa TÂsTa Semateben” da ase bunebrivi sikvdilis mosvlamde (qristes miwieri cxovrebis mibaZviT) ,,wamebisa” da ,,cxovrebis” Janris qarTul TxzulebaTa Sedarebisas vlindeba, rom ,,wamebis” mTavari personaJebi ZiriTadad saero pirebi (oriode mRdelmowamis garda) arian, xolo ,,cxovrebis” mxolod sasuliero pirebi da Tan ber-monazvnebi (gamonaklisia wm. nino - ,,mociqulTa sworad wodebuli”), riTac TiTqos xazgasmulia, rom saero pirs mxolod mowamebrivi gziT SeuZlia damkvidrdes sasufevelSi, xolo sasuliero pirisaTvis orive gza arsebobs – mowameobac da moRvaweobac.

,,wameba” Cveulebriv, qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT moTxrobil erTplanian, sworxazovan siuJetze agebuli Txzulebaa, romlis centraluri momenti mowamis cxovrebis ukanaskneli periodis aRweraa da TiTqmis araferia naTqvami, an Zalian cota, mis ganvlil cxovrebaze. am faqtis axsna albaT imiT SeiZleba, rom avtors daintereseba Tavisi gmiriT mxolod misi mowamebrivi aRsasrulis Semdeg xdeba, an kidev cota xniT adre, roca igi mowamebriv gzas daadgeba, magram mas sakmarisi cnobebi ara aqvs wamebamde wmindanis mier ganvlili cxovrebis Sesaxeb, misi detalebi, epizodebi, rac ayalibebs momavali mowamis mtkice xasiaTs.

gansxvavebuli mdgomareoba gvaqvs ,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobebSi”. momavali wmindanis moRvaweoba mimdinareobs ber-monazonTa Tvalwin, maT Soris SeiZleba iyos momavali avtoric da misTvis ,,cxovrebis” epizodebisa da movlenebis detaluri aRwera siZneles ar warmoadgens. sainteresoa erTi magaliTi bizantiuri hagiografiis istoriidan, romelic ,,cxovrebis” avtorobis sakiTxs Seexeba: cnobili saeklesio mwerlis da mRvdelmTavris epifane kviprelis ,,cxovrebis” daweraSi monawileoba miiRo samma avtorma: Tavisi moZRvris ,,cxovrebas” farulad werda epifanes mowafe ioane xucesi, magram igi daavadda da gardaicvala. sikvdilis win man Tavisi saidumlo gaando epifanes meore mowafes polibioss da sTxova mas gaegrZelebina epifanes ,,cxovrebis” wera im adgilidan, sadac man Sewyvita Txroba. polibiosmac ver daamTavra ,,cxovreba”, radgan igi ganaweses kviprosidan moSorebul (egvipteSi) samwysos episkoposad, xolo epifane konstantinopolidan kvipross momavali navSi gardacvalebuli

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ise datova mowafem kostantis qalaqis eklesiaSi, rom ver daeswro moZRvris dakrZalvas, radgan es procesi sxvadasxva mizeziT gaWianurda (115 wlis epifanes gvams TafliT savse WurWelSi inaxavdnen). polibioss ainteresebda moZRvris dakrZalvis procesia, dRe da adgili, amitom epistole gaugzavna epifanes adgilze xeldasmul episkopos sabines da sTxova epifanes ,,cxovrebis” am ukanaskneli momentis aRwera. sabinem Seasrula Txovna da sakmaod vrclad aRwera ,,cxovrebis” es monakveTi. ase daiwera epifanes ,,cxovreba” sami avtoris mier, rac unikaluri SemTxvevaa hagiografiuli mwerlobis istoriaSi.

,,cxovrebis” avtori SeiZleba Tavisi gmiris Tanamedrovec ki ar iyos, magram igi cnobebs agrovebs wmindanis uaxloes garemocvaSi, romelTaTvis cnobilia am moRvawis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis mTeli gza. kompoziciurad ,,cxovreba” umetesad mravalplaniani Txzulebaa, rac mis moqmed pirTa simravliT da maTTan dakavSirebuli epizodebis siuxviT aixsneba. erTi epizodidan meoreze gadasvla da epizodebis monacvleoba ,,cxovrebis” avtoris erT-erTi mxatvruli xerxia.

rogorc vTqviT, qarTuli ,,cxovreba – moqalaqeobani” ZiriTadad monazonTa Rvawls gadmogvcems, e.i. hagiografiuli mwerlobis am Janris warmoSoba, iseve, rogorc bizantiur saeklesio mwerlobaSi, saqarTveloSi samonastro cxovrebis dasawyisTan aris dakavSirebuli da safiqrebelia, VIs. II naxevarSi siriidan aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Camosul camet siriel mamaTagan yvelaze cnobili monastrebis damaarsebelTa koleqtiur an TiToeul maTganze imave xanebSi daweril ,,cxovrebebs” gulisxmobs, romlebmac Cvenamde ver moaRwia, Tumca mainc aisaxa Cvenamde moRweul SedarebiT gviandel (IX-Xs.), maT Sesaxeb Seqmnil ,,cxorebaÁ-moqalaqeobaÁ... iovane zedazndelisaÁ da mowafeTa misTaÁ”-Si.

samonastro mSeneblobis meore kera, romelic samxreT saqarTvelos klarjeTisa da samcxis provinciaSi Camoyalibda, gaxda ori SesaniSnavi ,,cxovrebis” Seqmnis wyaro – grigol xanZTelis ,,cxovrebisa” da serapion zarzmelis ,,cxovrebisa”.

samonastro keraTagan yvelaze gamorCeulma sazRvargareTulma aTonis mTis qarTvelTa monasterma kidev sami saucxoo ,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobis” Janris Txzuleba gvaCuqa: ilarion qarTvelis, efTvime mTawmidelisa da giorgi mTawmidelis ,,cxovrebebi”.

am sam samwerlobo keraSi Seqmnili ,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobis” Janris TxzulebaTa Sedareba gviCvenebs, rom isini hagiografiis am Janris ganviTarebis sam, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul etaps asaxavs, rac mdgomareobs TiToeuli maTganis epoqasTan dakavSirebul mizandasaxulobaSi.

zemoaRniSnul samonastro saqmianobis amsaxveli ,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobis” sqemaSi ar jdeba pirveli qarTuli (yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cvenamde moRweul ZeglTagan) ,,cxovreba” (IXs.), radgan igi samonastro cxovrebis Casaxvaze

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adrindel viTarebas aRwers – aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi qristianuli religiis gavrcelebisa (,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ”) da misi mTavari Semoqmedis wm. ninos cxovrebis (,,cxorebaÁ ninosi”) epizodebs mogviTxrobs. unda gaviTvaliswinoT erTi niuansic: ninos cxovrebis ,,moqceviseuli” varianti safuZvlad daedo ninos cxovrebis sxva redaqciebsac (oTxi Txzuleba), magram maT e.w. metafrasul TxzulebaTa rigSi ganvixilavT sxva msgavs TxzulebebTan erTad. amasTanave, ,,ninos cxovreba”, romelic ,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs” Semadgeneli nawilia, calke saTauriT gamoyofili, unda miviCnioT sasuliero piris Sesaxeb daweril Txzulebad (nino xom ierusalimis erT-erT eklesiaSi vinme, niaforTan erTad moRvaweobda), Tu is aris saero piri (radgan mas samRvdelo xeldasma ar hqonia). rac mTavaria, nino aris ,,mociqulTaswori” da ara Cveulebrivi saero piri. marTalia, mociqulebi sxvadasxva eparqiaSi pirveli episkoposebi gaxdnen, nino ki ara, magram dabrkoleba am SemTxvevaSi ninos ,,dedakacobam” Seqmna.

,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobaTa” qarTul galereaSi unda ganvixiloT, rogorc originaluri ,,cxovreba”, petre iberis anu qarTvelis ,,cxovrebac”, miuxedavad imisa, rom es Txzuleba, rogorc TviT ZeglSia aRniSnuli, qarTulad Targmnilia XIII-XIVss. siriuli enidan, radgan misi moRvaweobis ZiriTadi nawili qarTuli eklesiis samsaxuri iyo, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi siriuli samwysos episkoposi gaxda.

I. ,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ da ,,cxorebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi~

qarTuli mwerlobis Cvenamde moRweuli yovelgvari werilobiTi Zegli mxolod qristianuli Sinaarsisaa. qristianoba amosavalia ara marto qarTuli mwerlobisaTvis, aramed kulturis sxva sferosaTvisac da winare warmarTuli sarwmunoebisa da kulturis kvali isea waSlili, rom nakvaleviRa aris SemorCenili ZiriTadad miTologiaSi da eTnografiaSi. am mxriv qristianobam, romelmac udidesi misia Seasrula msoflio da kerZod qarTuli civilizaciis ganviTarebaSi, uaryofiTi roli iTamaSa uZvelesi, winareqristianuli kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCunebis saqmeSi.

swored qristianobis aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebisa da misi damkvidrebis pirvel xanebs eZRvneba pirveli qarTuli ,,cxovrebis” Janris Txzuleba ,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ” da masSi CarTuli wm. ninos ,,cxovreba”.

iseve, rogorc pirveli qarTuli martirologiuri Txzuleba ,,SuSanikis wameba”, pirveli qarTuli ,,cxovrebis” Janris Txzulebac ,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ” Zalze originaluri da gansxvavebulia amave Janris sxva Zeglebisgan. upirvelesad, gansxvavebulia Txzulebis dasaTaureba, misi Znelad aRsaqmeli kompoziciuri struqtura da misi Janrobrivi Sinaarsis gansazRvra: istorikosTa

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azriT, igi aris istoriul-qronikaluri wyaroTmcodneobiTi Zegli, xolo filologTa gansazRvriT, hagiografiuli Txzuleba, formiT, SinaarsiTa daY istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi elementebiT aris gadatvirTuli. saqme isaa, rom garda misi saTauris istoriografiulobisa, Txzulebis pirveli nawili istoriuli qronikaa, romelic warmogvidgens aRmosavleT saqarTvelos istoriis warmarTul periods aleqsandre makedonelis laSqrobiTa da mis mier samefo dinastiis aq damkvidrebiT dawyebuls da mirian mefiT damTavrebuls (igi 27-e mefea). warmarT mefeTa sia umetesad gavrcelebulia TiTo-orola fraziT, maTi saqmianobis calkeuli detalebisa da maTi salocavi kerpebis aRmarTvis moxseniebiT, me-18-e-27-e mefeTa mxolod saxelebia. mirian mefis qristianuli moRvaweoba da ninos cxovrebisa da samisionero moRvaweobis sakmaod vrceli aRwera agrZelebs qronikis Txrobas da ar Cerdeba ninos da Semdeg mirian mefis gardacvalebaze, aramed ganagrZobs ukve qristian mefeTa da maT Tanamedrove mTavarepiskoposTa (vaxtang gorgaslamde) da Semdeg kaTalikosTa CamoTvlas TiTqmis warmarT mefeTa siis msgavsad, oRond maTTan SedarebiT Rvawls ufro vrceli aRweriT da amgvarad modis stefanoz qarTlis erisTavamde (mcxeTis jvaris eklesiis aRmaSenebeli – Vis.) da kaTalikos evnonamde. amis Smedeg mxolod CamoTvlilia umefobis xanis kidev 11 erismTavari (sruldeba aSot kurapalatiT, +826w. da misi ZiT guaramiT, +882w.), romelsac SeniSvnac axlavs: ,,didni erisTavni esTen iyvnes”, xolo kaTalikosTa aseTive ,,SiSveli” sia TavfaCanagiT dawyevuli, CamoTvlis cxra colosans da cxramet ucolo kaTalikoss (arseniT damTavrebuli). esaa ,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s istoriuli nawili, romelic win uZRvis ,,ninos cxovrebis” vrcel Txzulebas. amis Semdeg Txroba iwyeba isev ninos Sesaxeb _ misi aRsasrulTan miaxloebis epizodiT da didebul qalTa TxovniT, rom ninos eambna Tavisi cxovrebisa da Rvawlis Sesaxeb, romlis Casawerad moemzadnen salome ujarmeli da peroJavri sivnieli. amis Semdeg aris dasaTaurebuli Txzulebis es nawili: ,,cxorebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi~ da nino iwyebs Txrobas da pirvel pirSi es Txroba moicavs ninos qarTlSi Semosvlis, kerpebis dalewvisa da samefo baRSi mis damkvidrebis aRweras. amis Semdeg Txrobas agrZelebs sidonia da mamamisi, abiaTar huriaTa mRvdelyofili, Semdeg iakob mRvdeli. bolos darTuli aqvs mcxeTis jvris aRmarTvis damoukidebeli Txroba (mxolod SatberdulSi), mirian mefis wigni ninos gardacvalebis gamo da misive anderZi. ai, aseTia ,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ”-sa da masSi CarTuli ,,ninos cxovrebis” siuJeturi wyoba da Sinaarsis sqema. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom ,,moqcevaÁs” ninos ,,cxovrebis” nawili, miuxedavad siuJeturi gaurkvevlobisa da zogierTi epizodebis ganmeorebebisa, mxatvruli gemovnebiT, erovnul-kulturuli suliskveTebiT dawerili Txzulebaa da vfiqrobT, is upirvelesad hagiografiuli Zeglia da Semdeg wyaroTmcodneobiTi.

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rac Seexeba saTaurs, marTalia, TxzulebaSi centraluri adgili ninos Rvawlis asaxvas uWiravs, magram saTaurSi aisaxa umniSvnelovanesi _ qveynis cxovrebis istoriuli Semobrunebis faqti, ninos Rvawlis yvelaze mniSvnelovani Sedegi (grandiozulma Sedegma ,,daCrdila” am Sedegis Semoqmedi), xolo ,,moqcevaÁs” istoriis sisruliT warmoCinebam moiTxova qronikul-dokumenturi xasiaTis eqskursic da ,,moqcevaÁs” Semdeg qristian mefe-mTavarTa da mRvdelmTavarTa moRvaweobis konspeqtis darTva am Txzulebis daweris momentamde (IXs. II naxevramde).

,,ninos cxovrebis” teqstis redaqciaTa simravles TviT ,,moqcevis” udidesi mniSvneloba da am faqtis mimarT saqarTvelos istoriis sxvadasxva epoqaSi avtorTa da sazogadoebis oficialuri nawilis gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba iwvevda. Cven amjerad mxolod ,,moqcevaÁs” vexebiT, magram unda vTqvaT mTavari, rom es Zegli daiwera IXs. II naxevarSi (ra Tqma unda, gacilebiT adre arsebuli werilobiTi wyaroebis safuZvelze) grigol parTevelis adrindel wyaroebSi saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblad umarTebulod moxseniebis kvalis moSlis mizniT (k. kekeliZe).

am redaqciul gansxvavebas ara marto ,,moqcevaÁ”-s bazaze Seqmnili ninos ,,cxovrebani” ver ascda, aramed TviT ,,moqcevaÁ”-s teqstic, romelic ori Zveli xelnaweriT aris Semonaxuli: uZvelesia e.w. Satberdis – 937-976ww. krebulSi (S-1141) Setanili teqsti, xolo e.w. WeliSuri (WeliSis eklesiisa - raWaSi) ufro gviandeli (H-600, XIV-XVss. aq ninos cxovreba saTauriT gamoyofili ar aris), orive nusxa metnaklebad naklulia, frazeologiurad sakmaod gansxvavdeba, aris sxvaoba epizodebSic, magram saerTo TxrobaSi erTmaneTs avseben (STabeWdileba rCeba, rom WeliSuri teqsti ufro Zvelia da gamarTulic) da ,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ”-s am variants Satberdul-WeliSur redaqcias uwodeben.

Txzulebis anonim avtors wyaroTa farTo speqtriT usargeblia, romelTagan Cveni azriT, mniSvnelovania grigol diakonis ,,mcire igi mokled aRwerili igi wigni qarTlisa moqcevisaÁ” (VII-VIIIss.), romeli Cveni azriT, safuZvlad unda dasdeboda ZiriTadad ,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ”-s pirvel nawils (qronikis aq motanilze vrcel qronikul naSromTan erTad), Tumca misi gamoyenebis kvali Txzulebis meore nawilSic Cans (aRmarTebaÁ patiosnisa juarisa mcxeTisaÁ da merme kualad gamoCinebaÁ (Satbedruli, Tavi 11), agreTve, gaukeTebia qarTlis moqcevis Sesaxeb gabneuli cnobebis kompozicia (berZnuli, somxuri, asuruli, sparsuli da sxv.) da usargeblia saistorio legenduri da apokrifuli literaturiT, saxarebiT.

avtori gazviadebulad warmoaCens ninos rols saberZneTSi qristianobis kanonizaciaSi da sakuTari qveynis zogierT kulturul upiratesobas qristianul samyaroSi. ,,moqcevaÁs” teqstis gamocemaTa da samecniero literaturis

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simravlidan davasaxelebT zogs: e. TayaiSvilis gamocema, Опис. рукоп. библиотеки ,,общества распространения грамотности, т. II, с. 708-815 (orive), Zv. qarT. agiogr. lit. Zeglebi, I, Tb., 1964, gv. 81-163 (orive), ,,Satberduli krebuli Xs., gamoc. b. gigineiSvilisa da e. giunaSvilis mier (Satberd. teqsti, dakl. adgilebi Sevs. WeliSuriT), Tb., 1979, gv. 320-253. Targmanebi: rusuli: СМОМИК, вып. 28, 1900, 1-116 (Satberduli), M. Wardrop, studia, Biblica and Ecclesiastica, V, , Oxford, 1900, 1-88 (Satb.), G. Patsch, Bedi Kartlisa, XXXIII, Paris, 1975, 288, 337 (Satberd.). literatura k. kekeliZe, qarTlis moqcevis mTavari sakiTxebi, etiudebi, IV, 252-292. misive, qarT. lit. istoria, I, 1980, 523-532. iv. javaxiSvili, Sromebi, VIII, 1977, 103-111. e. xoStaria-brose, VIIs. qarT. matiane da misi kvali, ,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁSi da qarTlis cxovrebaSi”, wignSi: leonti mroveli da qarTlis cxovreba, Tb., 1996, 47-65; m. CxartiSvili: qarT. hagiogr. wyaroTmcodneobiTi Seswavlis problemebi, ,,cxovreba wmida ninosi”, Tb., 1987. r. siraZe `ninos cxovreba~ da dasawyisi qarTuli mwerlobisa, ganTiadi, 3, 1989, gv. 56-58. z. aleqsiZe, ̀ moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ matianis~ axali redaqcia N/Sin-48, mravalTavi, XX, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 5-15.

II. asurel mamaTa ,,cxovrebis” Zveli redaqciebi

,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobaTa” Seqmnis ZiriTadi wyaro rogorc bizantiur, ise qarTul saeklesio mwerlobaSi, rogorc vTqviT, samonastro cxovrebis organizacia da ber-monazonTa gamorCeuli nawilis moRvaweoba iyo. qarTul sinamdvileSi es procesi VIs. Sua wlebidan daiwyo aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi siriidan Camosuli ioane zedaznelisa da misi 12 mowafis mier qarTlis da kaxeTis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi monastrebis, ufro zustad ki sadasayudeblo – gandegilobis Sesaferisi adgilebis SerCeviT, rasac male am adgilebSi adgilobrivi bermonazvnuli ,,cxovreba” mohyva. saerTo azriT, uZvelesi ,,cxovreba-moqalaqeobanic” maSinve Tu ara, VIs-Tan axlo xanebSi unda Seqmniliyo, Tumca dRes am moRvaweTa Sesaxeb hagiografiuli Txzulebebi mxolod IXs-dan mogvepoveba – abibos nekreselis ,,wameba”, romlis Sesaxeb saubari Cven martirologiuri hagiografiis ganxilvisas gvqonda. rac Seexeba danarCenebs, sruli hagiografiuli Txzuleba daiwera mxolod ioane zedaznelis, Sio mRvimelisa da daviT garejelis Sesaxeb, xolo zogierTi danarCenTagan metnaklebi sisruliT, moixseniebian dasaxelebulTa ,,cxovrebebSi”, romelTa Sesaxeb Cvenamde moRweuli Txzulebebi Xs. II naxevarSi dauweria arsen II kaTalikoss (955-980). samecniero literaturaSi iaone zedaznelis, Sio mRvimelisa da daviT garejelis am ,,cxovrebebs” e.w. arqetipebs uwodeben (s. kakabaZe). am pirTa Sesaxeb daweril uZveles Txzulebebad miaCniaT da yvela sxva, mogviano ,,cxovrebebis”

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anu metafrasuli redaqciebis wyarod asaxeleben. Cven migvaCnia, rom e.w. arqetipebi anu siriel mamaTa Sesaxeb Cvenamde moRweuli ,,cxovrebaTa” uZvelesi redaqciebi, erTmaneTTan teqstualurad mWidrod dakavSirebuli Txzulebebia da isini erT mTlian Zeglad unda gaviazroT, romelsac ewodeba ,,cxorebaÁ da moqalaqeobaÁ wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane zedaznelisaÁ da mowafeTa misTaÁ, romelTa gananaTles queyanaÁ ese CrdiloeTisaÁ” (Zeglebi, I, gv. 191-248)1, xolo masSi gamoiyofa calke dasaTaurebuli Tavebi: 1) ,,cxorebaÁ da moqalaqeobaÁ Rirsisa mamisa Cuenisa SioÁsi da evagresi”, 2) ,,cxorebaÁ da moqalaqeobaÁ wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa daviT garejelisaÁ”, 3) ,,wmidisa mRdelmowamisa abibos nekresel episkoposisa, romelic iwama cecxlismsaxurTa mier qarTls...”.

am debulebis mtkiceba zemodasaxelebul naSromSia warmodgenili, magram aq mainc movixmobT ramdenime ZiriTad arguments:

iovane zedaznelis cxovrebas rom agrZelebs ,,Sios cxovreba”, es Cans: 1) iovanes gardacvalebisa da dasaflavebis epizodi warmodgenilia ara im monakveTSi, romelic konkretulad iovane zedaznelis moRvaweobas exeba, aramed ,,Sios cxovrebis” TiTqmis bolos. 2) ,,Sios cxovreba” iwyeba: ,,xolo netari ese da RmrTivganbrZnobili mamaÁ Cueni wmidaÁ Sio movida winamZRuarobiTa sulisa wmidisaÁTa da daemkvidra dasavaliT kerZo deda-qalaqsa mcxeTas~. arc erTi hagiografiuli Txzuleba ar SeiZleba daiwyos ,,xoloTi”. am kavSiriT SeiZleba daiwyos wina teqstis gagrZelebad nagulisxmevi teqsti. mas SeiZleba daekisros axali Tavisa, anda axali abzacis dawyebis funqcia. 3) igive unda vTqvaT daviT garejelis ,,cxorebis” Sesaxebac, romelic zustad iseve iwyeba, rogorc daiwyo Sios ,,cxovreba”: ,,xolo ese wmidaÁ mamaÁ Cueni daviT warvida adgilTa udabnoTa da urwyulTa sjad Tavisa TÂsisa”. ,,xolo” aqac miuTiTebs, rom daviT garejelis ,,cxovreba” agrZelebs Sio mRvimelis ,,cxovrebas”. 4) Sios gardacvalebis epizodi saerTod ar aris Sios ,,cxovrebaSi”, rac hagiografiuli TxzulebisaTvis uprecedento SemTxveva iqneboda, magram aqac moulodneloba gvelis: Sios gardacvalebis Sesaxeb saubaria ,,abibos nekreselis” wamebis im SedarebiT vrcel redaqciaSi, romelsac mcireodeni frazeologiuri cvlilebebiT gadmoutania ,,abibos nekreselis Zveli (IXs.) redaqciis” teqsti da misTvis epilogiviT Sios gardacvalebis ambavi daurTavs. ,,abibos nekreselis wamebis” es redaqcia rom iovane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis Rvawlis amsaxvel saerTo TxzulebaSi moiazreba, amaze TviT ,,wamebis” dasawyisi metyvelebs: ,,xolo jer-ars, raÁTa mcired Suva SemoviRoT ÃsenebaÁ wmidisa da ubiwoÁsa mRdelT-moZRuarisa da mowamisaÁ...” jer erTi, aqac ,,xolo”, meorec, pirdapiraa naTqvami, rom moTxrobaSi unda CavrToT ,,Suva SemoviRoT ÃsenebaÁ”-o.

1 e. gabiZaSvili, asurel moRvaweTa `cxovreba` e.w. arqetipebis urTierT mimarTulebisaTvis, saq. mecn. akad. macne, 4, 1982, gv. 61-67

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amrigad, eWvi ar aris, arsen II kaTalikosma erTi Txzuleba dawera (SesaZlebelia, Zveli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT), romelic iovanes da mis gansakuTrebiT gamorCeul mowafeTa Rvawls asaxavda da ara cal-calke oTxi Txzuleba.

amgvarad, siriel moRvaweTa Sesaxeb Seqmnil da Cvenamde moRweul uZveles erTian Txzulebas Cven tradiciis mixedviT calkeul Semadgeneli nawilebis mixedviT ganvixilavT, xolo maT safuZvelze Seqmnili metafrasul Txzulebebis Sesaxeb am redaqciis sxva TxzulebebTan erTad visaubrebT.

1. iovane zedaznelis ,,cxovreba”

Txzuleba iwyeba iovanes SuamdinareTidan, kerZod q. antioqiis midamoebidan qarTlSi CamosvliT da mcxeTis axlos damkvidrebiT, xolo Semdeg mcire ukusvlaa gakeTebuli da moTxrobilia misi siriaSi moRvaweobis periodze. suliwmidis CagonebiT mowafeebTan erTad maTi qarTls gamomgzavreba, mcxeTas mosvla, sveticxovlis aRmarTvis ,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁseuli” versiaa. es faqti adasturebs, rom iovane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis ,,cxovreba” wyarod iyenebs IXs. bolos daweril Txzulebas da sandod warmoadgens Txzulebis saTaurSi miTiTebuli avtoris vinaobas ,,xolo aRwera arseni qarTlisa kaTalikozman...”, romelsac Xs. SeeZlo Tavis TxzulebaSi Semoetana Tavisi sakaTalikoso saydris – sveticxovlis aRmarTvis epizodi. iovane Tavis mowafeebTan erTad zedaznis mTaze (mcxeTis maxloblad) daemkvidra, iq Cabudebul warmarTTa RvTis ZaliT saoteblad. Semdeg man mowafeebi dagzavna qarTlisa da kaxeT-kuxeTis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, TviTon ki darCa iq mowafe eliasTan erTad, ebrZoda eSmakis saxiT movlenil warmarTebs da axdenda saswaulebs. iovanes daberebaze, SeuZlurebaze, anderZ-damoZRvraze, dasaflavebasTan dakavSirebul saswaulze saubaria ara aq, aramed Sio mRvimelis cxovrebis bolos aris.

2. Sio mRvimelis da evagres ,,cxovreba”

Sio mRvimelis ,,cxovrebis” monakveTi am TxzulebaSi iwyeba, rogorc wina Txrobis, ioanes ,,cxovrebis: gagrZeleba, sadac naTqvami iyo, rom ,,xolo aw netarsa mowafeTa misTaTÂs vityodiT”, anda ,,xolo sxuani Semdgomad amissa moviÃsenneT”, ,,xolo netari ese…... Sio movida winamZRvrobiTa sulisa wmidisaÁTa da daemkÂdra dasavaliT kerZo deda-qalaqsa mcxeTas”. moTxrobilia mis dRedaRam locvaze, evagre cixedideli mTavris damowafebaze,

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ZmaTa gamravlebaze, mraval saswaulze (gansakuTrebiT, karaulTa da mglis urTierTobaze), aq CarTulia sakmaod vrceli Txroba ise wilknelis Sesaxeb, ioanes, ise da Sios mier saswaulTa demonstrirebaze, Semdeg Sios mRvimeSi Cajdomaze, iovanes gardacvalebaze. Sios gardacvalebis ambavi aq ar aris naxsenebi (es epizodi aris abibos nekreselis SedarebiT vrcel ,,wamebaSi”).

3. daviT garejelis ,,cxovreba”

mesame, calke saTauriT gamoyofili nawili ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeTa ,,cxovrebidan” aris ,,cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqeobÁ wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa daviT garejelisa”, romlis dasawyisi, Sio mRvimelis ,,cxovrebis msgavsad, wina teqstis gagrZelebad warmogvidgeba da ,,xoloTi” iwyeba: ,,xolo ese wmidaÁ mamaÁ Cueni daviT warvida adgilTa udabnoTa da urwyulTa sjad Tavisa TÂsisa...” da mogviTxrobs Tavis mowafe lukianesTan erTad garejis udabnoSi damkvidrebis, iremTa mier maTi gamokvebis, veSapis mokvlis, mowafeTa gamonazvnebis da dodos mier dodorqis monastris daarsebis ambebs. bubaqar barbarozis dasjisa da Semdeg Sewyalebis epizodSi daviTis saswaulmoqmedebis yovlisSemZleobazea miniSneba. vrceli epizodi eTmoba daviTis wasvlis ierusalimSi wminda adgilebis mosalocad, saidumloebiT moculi daviTis saqcieli, rom man ver gabeda ierusalimSi Sesvla da ukan dabruneba ierusalimidan wamoRebuli madliT (qviT). mis mier Cadenili saswaulebiT (wyaros daatkbo) rogorc sicocxleSi, aseve gardacvalebis Semdeg (brmis gankurneba).

4. abibos nekreselis ,,wameba”

moulodnelad arsen II kaTalikozis Txzulebis ,,ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis ,,cxovrebis” meoTxe nawili sami nawilisagan gansxvavebuli Janris Txzulebaa ,,abibos nekreselis wamebis~ is teqsti, romelic TiTqmis mTlianad imeorebs abibos ,,wamebis” ufro Zvel (IXs.) teqsts, oRond zogjer cvlis mis frazeologias da umatebs mas epilogs, romelSic Sios gardacvalebazea saubari, rac ar iyo aRniSnuli TviT Sios ,,cxovrebaSi”. amasTanave abibosis ,,wamebis” es teqsti iwyeba ,,xoloTi”, rac gulisxmobs, rom es aris ara damoukidebeli Txzuleba, aramed wina Txrobis gagrZeleba: ,,xolo jer ars, raÁTa mcired Suva SemoviRoT ÃsenebaÁ wmidisa da ubiwoÁsa mRdelmoZRuarisa da mowamisaÁ”. Txzulebis avtori xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom saWiroa, `moRvawe – moqalaqeTa” gverdiT vaÃsenoT. ,,mowamec”, e.i. maT Sesaxeb TxrobaSi CavrToT ,,mowamis xsenebac” (,,raÁTa mcired Suva SemoviReT ÃsenebaÁ mowamisa). radgan Cven gvqonda saubari ,,abibos nekreselis ,,wamebis” teqstze, xolo es teqsti Sinaarsobrivad

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ar gansxvavdeba wyarosgan, amjerad misi Sinaarsis gadmocemisagan Tavs SevikavebT).

uZvelesi xelnaweri, romelmac Semogvinaxa ioane zedaznelis, Sio mRvimelis da daviT garejelis Zveli, kimenuri redaqciis ,,cxovrebaÁ” A-199, XII-XIIIss. ierusalimis jvaris qarTuli monastris xelnaweria. gamocemaTagan aRvniSnavT ors umTavress: asurel moRvaweTa cxovr. wignTa Zveli redaqciebi gamosca il. abulaZem, Tb., 1955w., Zv. qarT. agiogr. lit. Zeglebi, I, 191-248. literatura: il. abulaZis gamocemis winasityvaoba, k. kekeliZe, sakiTxi siriel moRvaweTa qarTlSi mosvlis Sesaxeb, etiudebi I, 1956, gv. 19-50; iv. javaxiSvili, Sromebi, I, 1979, gv. 389-415. s. kakabaZe, asurel mamaTa cxovrebaTa arqetipebi, saist. krebuli, wig. I-is damateba, 1928, 1-18; e. gabiZaSvili, asurel moRvaweebis ,,cxovrebaÁ”. arqetipebis urTierTmimarTebisaTvis, macne, els. #4, 1982 (gv. 62-67). Peradze Q, Die Anfänge des Mönchtums in Georgien, Cotha, 1927, 1-14. Pötsch, G, Arsens Briet und Vita Yohanes von Zedazeni, Bedi Kartlisa, XXXIX, 1921. Martin-Hisard, B., Les Treiso sis Peres. Formation et evolution dune tradition hagiographique géorgienne (VI-XII). I. p. Reveu des etudes géorgienes et caucasiennes, n. I, 1985, p. 141-168.

III. samxreT saqarTveloSi samonastro mSeneblobis amsaxveli hagiografiuli ,,cxovrebis” Janris Txzulebebi

grigol xanZTelis mier samxreT saqarTveloSi, kerZod ki klarjeTSi safuZvelCayrilma samonastro qselma, romelic axali etapi gaxda qarTuli erovnuli saeklesio-samonastro aRorZinebis saqmeSi, male fesvebi gaidga jer taosa da SavSeTSi, xolo Semdeg samcxe-javaxeTic moicva. gadaWarbebuli ar iqneba, Tu vityviT, rom sazRvargareTis yvela, IX-X-XIss. warmoqmnili samonastro-samwignobro kera grigol xanZTelis saeklesio tradiciebze iyo aRmocenebuli da iq am tradiciebs an grigolis uSualo mowafeebi, anda mowafeTa mowafeebi amkvidrebdnen.

qarTuli mwignobrobis ganviTarebis TiTqmis mTeli simZime saqarTvelos farglebSi IX-Xss. swored samxreTis monastrebze modis. aq, sxvadasxva mwignobrul kerebSi damzadebulma unikalurma xelnawerebma naTargmni da originaluri literaturis mravali pirvelxarisxovani Zegli Semogvinaxa, magram maT Soris mainc unda gamovyoT originaluri hagiografiis ori umniSvnelovanesi Txzuleba _ ,,cxorebaÁ da moqalaqeobaÁ RmerTSemosilisa netarisa mamisa CuenisaÁ serapionisi” da gansakuTrebiT, ,,SromaÁ da moRuawebaÁ Rirsad cxorebisaÁ wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa grigolisi arqimandritisaÁ, xancTisa da Satberdisa aRmaSneblisaÁ da mis Tana ÃsenebaÁ mravalTa mamaTa netarTa~. grigolis daarsebul mkacr samonastro cxovrebaSi

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rom yoveldRiuri saqmianobisa da moqmedebis tradicia Camoyalibda, rac eklesia-monastrebis Senebis swrafvaSi, ganaTlebuli sasuliero pirTa momzadebaze zrunvaSi, saeklesio wignTa gadawera-gamravelbaSi da biblioTekebis SeqmnaSi da msgavs saqmianobaSi gamoixateboda, es kargad Cans grigolis ,,cxovrebis” saTauridanve, _ ,,SromaÁ da moRvawebaÁ... aRmaSenebelisaÁ...” rac erTaderTia danarCen ,,cxorebaTa” trafaretuli ,,cxorebaÁ da moqalaqeobaÁ”-s fonze.

1. grigol xancTelis `cxovreba”

qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis Sedevri grigol xancTelis `cxovreba” dawerili giorgi merCulis mier 951 wels, grigolis gardacvalebidan (gardaicvala 102 wlisa) 90 wlis Semdeg, ara marto mxatvrul-esTetikuri literaturis brwyinvale nimuSia, aramed VIII-Xss. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi da saeklesio struqturaTa Camoyalibebisa da maTi urTierTobaTa sasuliero da erovnuli interesebis amsaxveli utyuari matianec.

am Txzulebis fizikuri arsebobis Sesaxeb cnobili gaxda mxolod 1845 wels, daweridan TiTqmis 900 wlis Semdeg, rodesac ierusalimis jvaris qarTuli monastris xelnawerebSi niko CubinaiSvilma gamoavlina misi Semcveli, Cvenamde moRweuli erTaderTi XI-XIIss. xelnaweri (Ier.2), e.i. dakargulia am Txzulebis Semcveli X-XIss. xelnawerebi, romelTa arsebobaSi eWvis Setanac ar SeiZleba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT grigolis usazRvro avtoritetsa da popularobas da misi mowafeTa mowafeebis survils, piradad hqonodaT maTi didi moZRvris ̀ cxovrebis” egzemplari (albaT, aseTi mowafeTa mowafis Catanilia grigolis `cxovrebis” erT-erTi xelnaweri ierusalimSi, saidanac gadawerilma zemodasaxelebulma xelnawerma gvixsna im sicarielisagan, rac Seiqmneboda qarTul hagiografiul mwerlobaSi, es xelnaweric rom dakarguliyo).

sruliad axalgazrda grigolma, qarTlis erismTavris nerses ojaxSi gazrdilma kacma, uari Tqva brwyinvale saero karieraze, romelic mas eloda, da sam TanamozaresTan erTad arabebis mier ganadgurebul da gaukacurebel klarjeTs miaSura, raTa samonastro cxovrebis aRorZinebiTa da sulierebis ganmtkicebiT gverdiT dasdgomoda samxreT saqarTveloSi gaRviZebul erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi interesebis matarebel xelisufalT erTiani da Tavisufali saqarTvelisTvis brZolaSi.

giorgi merCulis mier warmodgenili grigol xancTeli, ̀ zecisa kaci da miwisa angelozi”, sulierebis apologetic, adamianis sulis sispetakis, misi xorcieli vnebebisagan ganTavisuflebisa (rac RmerTTan miaxloebis umTavresi sawindaria) da am gzaze yovelgvari dabrkolebis winaaRmdeg brZolis mqadagebeli, piradi magaliTiTac amas ansaxierebda.

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es ZiriTadi principi iyo amosavali, rodesac man monazvnobis mZime gza airCia, rodesac `udabnoTa qalaqis myofeli” qarTuli kulturisa da mwignobrobis umniSvnelovanesi kerebis – eklesia-monastrebis aSeneba-daarsebis saqmisaTvis Tanamoazreebs ikrebda, roca mis da mis mowafeTa mier daarsebuli monastrebis simravleSi mkacr saeklesio Sinaganawess ayalibebda, roca Tavis mraval mowafeTagan rCeulT damoukidebeli monastrebis daarsebis uflebas rTavda, an saeklesio ierarqiaSi mamamTavrobis (episkoposobis, kaTalikosobis) gzas ulocavda, roca mefe-mTavarTa xorcieli vnebebiT damZimebul cxovrebaSi ereoda da Tan xalxis TvalSi maTi avtoritetis SenarCunebisaTvis iRvwoda, roca misi zrunvis qveS myofTa sulieri srulyofis mizniT sasikeTo magaliTebs TviTon da mowafeTa daxmarebiT konstantinopolisa da ierusalimis eklesia-monastrebSi eZebda.

grigolma, rogorc umaRles feodalur ojaxSi gazrdilma kacma, sadac man yovelmxrivi ganaTleba miiRo, rogorc sasuliero ise saeroc, kargad icoda adamianis sulieri aRzrdis fasi da mis mravalmxriv saqmianobaSi mTavari, mis mier daarsebul monastrebSi (xanZTa, Satberdi da sxv.) mwignobrobisa da literaturuli saqmianobis gavrceleba iyo. amitom tao-klarjeTis salitearturo skola, romlis fuZemdebeli grigolia, qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi, marTlac, gamorCeulia.

grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis mTavari mizani iyo saqarTevlos erTiani eklesiis safuZvlebis iseTi simtkice, rom mas SeZleboda politikurad Sesustebuli qveynis sulieri winamZRoli yofiliyo da erTiani erovnuli eklesiis Sesabamisad erTiani erovnuli saxelmwifos CamoyalibebaSi qarTul eklesias gadamwyveti roli Seesrulebina. mTel Txzulebas wiTeli xaziviT gasdevs idea, rom umaRles sulierebaze aRmocenebuli samonastro Zmoba aris ara marto samefo xelisuflebis Zlierebis qvakuTxedi, aramed misTvis zneobisa da samarTlianobis maswavlebeli da maT saqmeebze RmerTTan Suamavali. Txzulebis avtori Rrmad aris darwmunebuli, rom eklesiis sulierebisa da xelisufalTa materialur RirebulebaTa erTianoba erovnuli erTianobisa da damoukideblobis garantiaa (`aw CvenTan ars Ãorcieli keTili da Tquen Tana ars sulieri keTili da ese SevzaveniT urTierTas” – aTqmevinebs igi didebul aznaurs gabriel dafanCuls _ da am erTianobis miRwevaSi pirveli poziciebi monazvnobas ekuTvnis (`sarwmunoni da WeSmaritni monazonni queyanasa zeda aravissa Ãelmwifebasa queSe arian”). marTalia, eklesia formalurad ar ereva saxelmwifoebriv saqmeebSi, mxolod misi eTikuri da zneobrivi safuZvlebis kontrols sjerdeba, magram mainc igrZnoba upiratesobis momenti (`didebulo meufeo, Sen queyanisa Ãelmwife xar, xolo qriste zecisa da queyanisa da quesknelTaÁ... ufroÁs Cemsa jer ars smenaÁ sityuaTa misTaÁ, romelman brZana,

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viTarmed vervis Ãelewifebis monebaÁ orTa ufalTa”). upiratesobas grZnobs grigoli da misi Zmoba samrevlo anu TeTr samRvdeloebasTanac, radgan grigoli misTvis SeTavazebul episkoposobas `Ãorciel didebad” Tvlida. TxzulebaSi warmodgenili sasuliero da saero pirTa umdidresi galerea, maTi urTierTobaTa warmoCineba da mdidari toponimika mas umniSvnelovanes wyaroTmcodneobiT Zeglad warmogvidgens.

giorgi merCulis Txzuleba gamoirCeva sada, martivi eniT, virtuozuli stiliT, gamoyenebuli wyaroebis siuxviT, siuJetis realisturi da dramatuli ganviTarebiT, mxatvrulad daxvewili saxeebiT, saintereso siuJeturi epizodebis simravliT, saswaulebis siuJetur TxrobaSi ostaturad CarTviT, adamianur sisusteTa Semcveli epizodebis ideologiuri mrwamsis gamoxatvisaTvis gamoyenebiT, bunebis suraTebis siuxviT da ritorikuli mWevrmetyvelebis nimuSebiT.

marTalia, gvian (1845w.), magram mainc gamovlinda es yvelasaTvis ucnobi Txzuleba, Tumca cnoba misi aRmoCenis Sesaxeb mxolod 1889 daibeWda, Txzulebis pirveli gamocema teqstis rusuli Targmanis darTviT ki mxolod 1911 wels ganaxorciela niko marma (Тексты и разыскания по армянско-грузинской филологии, кн. VII, с. 1-82). 1949w. p. ingoroyvam gamosca qarTuli teqsti vrceli gamokvleviT (giorgi merCule, `cxorebaÁ grigol xanZTelisaÁ”. dedani aRadgina da gamokvleva daurTo p. ingoroyvam, Tb., 1949w.). Semdegi gamocema ganxorcielda 1964w. xelnawerTa institutis avtorTa koleqtivis mier il. abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiT (Zv. qarT. agiogr. lit-is Zeglebi, I, 248-319); 2005 w. e. WeliZem, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero mwerloba, I, gv. 480-995 (teqsti, Targmani Tanamedrove qarTul enaze, gamokvleva da komentarebi). danarCen gamocemebSi teqsti alag-alag Semoklebulia (qrest. I, das xv.) Txzuleba Targmnilia, rogorc aRvniSneT rusulad, agreTve laTinurad P. Peetersis mier (Anal. Bole and, t. 36-37, 1917-1919., p. 216-309).

literatura: dasaxelebul gamocemebze darTuli gamokvlevebi: agr. k. danelias gamokvleva wignSi: SuSanikis wameba da grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, Tb., 1985. k. kekeliZe, qarT. mwer. istoria, I, gv. 152-157; iv. javaxiSvili, Sromebi, VIII, gv. 121-131. r.siraZe, literaturul-esTetikuri narkvevebi, Tb. 1982, misive qarTuli hagiografia, Tb. 1987. v. maRlaferiZe, giorgi merCule – grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, wignSi: saubrebi qarT. liter-ze, Tb., 1992, gv. 89-143. r. baramiZe, narkvevebi qarTuli hagiografiisistoriidan, Tb. 1966. g. farulava, mxatvruli saxis bunebisaTvis Zv. qarTuli prozaSi, Tb. 1982.

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2. serapion zarzmelis `cxovreba”

klarjeTSi warmatebulma samonastro aRmSeneblobam keTili magaliTis roli Seasrula da es procesi samcxeSic daiwyo klarjeTSi dabadebuli, iq monazvnad Semdgari serapionis meTaurobiT, romelmac zarzmaSi daarsebuli monastris mixedviT `zarzmelis” zedwodeba daimkvidra. `serapion zarzmelis cxovreba”, romelic IXs-Si zarzmis monastris daarsebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs, Xs. I meoTxedSi dauweria serapionis Zmiswuls basili zarzmels, romelic zarzmis monasterSi serapionis gardacvalebis Semdeg mosula da biZamisis TanamedroveTagan da mis mowafeTagan Seukrebia cnobebi Txzulebis dasawerad. Txzuleba, romelic Cvenamde erTaderTi XVI an XVIIs. xelnaweriT aris SemorCenili (A-69) da misi arsebobac mxolod XXs. dasawyisSi gaxda cnobili (m. janaSvilis wyalobiT), Tavdapirveli saxiT ar mouRwevia – Cans mogvianebiT (daax. XIs-mde) Setanili interpolaciebi (Tumca samecniero literaturaSi gavrcelebul azrs Txzulebis metafrasulobis Sesaxeb ver daveTanxmebiT – teqstSi Setanili yovelgvari frazeologiuri Tu kompoziciuri cvlileba gadametafrasebad ar CaiTvleba (maSin umetesi qarTuli hagiografiuli TxzulebaTagan metafrasebad unda CavTvaloT).

TxzulebaSi aRwerili movlenebisa da Sesabamisad avtoris moRvaweobis qronologia did azrTa sxvadasxvaobis sagania: zogisTvis es VI-VIIss., zogisTvis IX-Xss.. pirvelTaTvis amosavalia TxzulebaSi serapionis moZRvris miqael parexelis Sio mRvimelis (VIs.) mowafed dasaxeleba, xolo meoreTaTvis giorgi mawyverelis moRvaweobis dro: erTi mxriv, is serapionis Tanamedrovea da basilis TxzulebaSi mis monaTxrobs serapionis Sesaxeb didi adgili uWiravs, meore mxriv, giorgi merCule mas `sayvedurobs”, rom man ar aRwera grigol xancTelis cxovreba (grigoli 861 wels gardaicvala, e.i. mas SeeZlo `cxovrebis” 861 wlis Semdeg dawera). Cveni azriT, meore argumenti ufro damajerebelia da Txzulebis qronologiac IX-Xss. unda ganisazRvros (Xs. imitom, rom serapionis (+90w) Rvawlis aRweris Semdeg Txroba grZeldeba Xs. zarzmis serapionis Semdgomi oTxi winamZRvrisa da zarzmis axali, didi eklesiis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb):

`serapion zarzmelis cxovreba” SeiZleba ar gamoirCeodes Tavisi mxatvruli aqsesuarebiT, Tumca TxzulebaSi arc Tu iSviaTia moqnili frazeologiis nimuSebi, bunebis mSvenierebisa da samcxis imdroindeli yofis cocxali, realisturi suraTebis daxatva. Txzuleba fasdaudebel literaturul, socialur, politikur da sayofacxovrebo, samonastro-saeklesio cxovrebis iseT cnobebs Seicavs, rac sxva wyaroebiT ar aris cnobili: mag.: mxolod am Zegls daucavs cnoba, rom `miqel parexelis cxovreba” mis mowafeebs aRuweriaT misi gardacvalebis Semdeg (mas Cvenamde ar mouRwevia, magram, Cans, es `cxovreba”

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wyarod gamouyenebia basil zarzmels), cnoba opozis pirvelmaSenebelTa Sesaxeb: cnobebi `CorCanelTa” feodaluri saxlis istoriis Sesaxeb (`CorCanelebi” igive `CordvanelTa” taos gadasaxlebulTa sagvareulo – efTvime mTawmidelis uaxloesi winaprebia – e. metreveli, narkvevebi aTonis kulturul-saganmanaTleblo keris istoriidan, Tb., 1996, gv. 52-57), cnobebi giorgi mawyverelze – awyuris episkoposze da mweralze, magram mTavri is aris, rom am TxzulebaSi pirvelad Cans socialuri sakiTxebis mTeli speqtri, socialurad `dabali” da `maRali” klasebi da maTi damokidebuleba eklesiasTan, ufro zustad, monazvnobasTan. TxzulebaSi realisturad aris naCvenebi, rogor winaaRmdegobas awydeboda serapionis monazonTa Zmoba samcxis sxvadasxva soflebSi iq monastris mSeneblobis mcdelobis dros, Tu ra gaafTrebiT icavdnen glexebi TavianT marCenal miwa-wyals monazonTa xelyofisagan (ra Tqma unda, isini `ugnurebad” da `borot” adamianebad arian gamoyvanilni). TxzulebaSi aRwerili saswaulebi, erTi mxriv (mzis gaCereba, rom monazvnebs rac SeiZleba meti teritoriis Semorbena SeZlebodaT, radgan giorgi CorCanelis nebiT maT SeeZloT sakuTrebaSi hqonodaT teritoria, ris `gareSemovlas” monazvnebi erTi dRis ganmavlobaSi – mzis amosvlidan, mzis Casvlamde moaswrebdnen), RvTis monazvnebisadmi keTilganwyobas gamoxatavs, meore mxriv, RvTis risxvas monazvnebisadmi udieri damokidebulebis gamo (tbis napiris garRveva da soflebis walekva). Txzulebis ZiriTadi Tema zarzmis monastris Zveli, xolo bolos axali, didi eklesiebis mSeneblobis aRweraa.

Txzulebis ZiriTadi gamocemebi: m. janaSvilisa, qarT. mwerloba, II, 1909, 1-49; k. kekeliZe, adrindeli feodaluri qarTuli liteartura, 1935, gv. 147-184; Zv. qarTuli agiogr. literaturis Zglebi, I, 1964, gv. 319-147. e. WeliZe, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero mwerloba, I, Tbilisi, 2005, gv. 959-1044, (teqsti, Targmani Tanamedrove qarTulze, gamokvleva da komentarebi).

Targmanebi: rusuli – К.С. Кекелидзе, Памятники др. груз.-ой агиогр. литературы. Тб. 1956, 76-100; laTinuri – (P. Peeters, Histoires monastiques georgiennes, An. Boll. t. 36-37, 1917-1919, p. 168-207); literatura (uZiriTadesi): gamocemebSi warmodg. gamokvlevebi, ag. k. kekeliZe, qarT. lit. ist. I, 1980, gv. 146-152; 539. iv. javaxiSvili, Sromebi VIII, Tb. 1977, gv. 132-141. a. bogveraZe, serapion zarzmelis cxovrebis TariRisaTvis, macne, saq. mecn. akad. sazogad. mecn. ganyof. organo, 1964, #3, 50-69. m. lorTqifaniZe, adrin. xanis qarT. saist. mwerloba, Tb. 1966. n. vaCnaZe, serapion zarzmelis cxovreba, rogorc saistorio wyaro, Tb. 1975. m. CxartiSvili, `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ wm. serapion zarzmelisaÁ”, Tb. 1994, gv. 54-83. e. WeliZe, rodis daiwera ̀ serapion zarzmelis cxovreba~ saRvTismetyvelo krebuli #1 1990; misive, serapion zarzmelis Sesaxeb, gaz. `saeklesio siwmindeni, #1, 1997 w..

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IV. aTonis mTis qarTul hagiografiul TxzulebaTa cikli

aTonis mTaze, saberZneTis qalkedonis naxevarkunZulze Xs. Sua wlebSi qarTvelTa monastris (ivironi) daarseba udidesi movlena iyo qarTuli kulturisa da mwignobrobis istoriaSi, radgan am xidiT saqarTevlo uSualod daukavSirda saberZneTs da daiwyo misi uzarmazari qristianuli kulturuli memkvidreobis aTviseba. Tu aqamde ZiriTadad qarTuli qristianuli kultura umetesad e.w. aRmosavluri qristianuli kulturis orbitaSi iyo moqceuli (siria, palestina) aTonis mTaze saganmanaTleblo keris dafuZnebiT man aqcenti dasavlur qristianul orientaciaze gaakeTa. aTonis qarTvelTa monastris daarsebamde am saqmeSi pirveli ilarion qarTveli iyo, romelmac Tavisi moRvaweoba saberZneTis ramdenime monasterSi (konstantinopoli, makedonia, Tesaloniki) gaatara, romSic dayo ori weliwadi, xolo mcire aziis olimpze (ulumbia), biTviniaSi xuTi weli iRvawa da safuZveli Cauyara iq qarTuli diasporis daarsebas. es wamowyeba gaagrZeles aTonis qarTvelTa monastris damaarseblebma mama-Svilma ioane da efTvime mTawmidelebma, xolo cota mogvianebiT – giorgi mTawmidelma. swored qarTuli kulturis am udidesi warmomadgenlebis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb Seiqmna aTonis samwignobro keraSi sami SesaniSnavi hagiografiuli Zegli, sami `cxovreba”: `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa ilarion qarTvelisaÁ”, `cxorebaÁ mamisa Cuenisa iovanesi da efTÂmisi da uwyebaÁ mis moqalaqobisa maTisaÁ”, da `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa giorgi mTawmidelisaÁ”. sainteresoa am pirTa SemoqmedebiTi kavSirebic, romelic gamoxatulia TiToeuli maTganis Rvawlis aRweris memkvidreobiTobaSi: ilarionis pirveli `cxovrebis” aRwera efTvime mTawmidel miewereba, efTvimes `cxoreba” giorgi mTawmidels dawera, xolo giorgi mTawmidelisa – giorgi mcirem.

samive Txzuleba qarTvel monazonTa sazRvargareTis samwerlobo kerebSi moRvaweobis ZiriTadi wyaroa.

1. ilarion qarTvelis `cxoreba”

ilarion qarTvelis (+875w.) saxelTan dakavSirebulia berZnul-bizantiur qristianul kulturasTan saqarTvelos daaxloebis axali etapi, rac aisaxa misi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb daweril TxzulebaSi `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa ilarion qarTvelisaÁ”, romlis avtorad tradiciulad efTvime mTawmidels asaxeleben.

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`cxovrebis” mixedviT `basili protoasikritman da filosofosman da Rirsman monazonman aRwera cxorebaÁ wmidisa amis, viTarca iswava mowafeTagan wmidisaTa kacTa utyuvelTa da WeSmaritTa” (Zeglebi II, gv. 37). TiTqos es ori cnoba erTmaneTTan winaaRmdegobaSia, magram Teofile xucesmonazonis mowmoba, romelmac ilarionis metafrasuli `cxovreba” dawera, nawilobriv gvixsnis viTarebas: `cxorebaÁ... ilarionisi... qebiTaca SesxmisaÁTa pativcemul iqna brZanebiTa basili mefisaÁTa basilis mier monazonisa, romeli didad ganTqmul iyo da brwyinvale sibrZniTa” (Zeglebi III, gv. 247-248). kimenuri da metafrasuli `cxovrebebidan” Cans, rom berZen monazonsa da protoaskrit basils basili imperatoris davalebiT ilarionis romanas monasterSi (konstantinopolTan) dasaflavebaze warmouTqvams e.w. enkomia, anu Sesxma-qadageba (ra Tqma unda, berZnul enaze), xolo am `Sesxmis” Canaweris safuZvelze efTvime mTawmidels TiTqmis erTi saukunis Semdeg dauweria ilarionis `cxovreba” (msgavsi faqti efTvimes SemoqmedebaSi sxvac dasturdeba: man basili didis dasaflavebaze grigol nazianzelis mier daweril `epitafias” qarTul TargmanSi `cxovrebis” forma misca).

ilarioni kaxeTis warCinebuli feodalis Svili yofila, axalgazrdobaSive monazvnad aRkvecila da erTxans daviTgarejaSi moRvaweobda, Semdeg ierusalimSi wasula wminda adgilebis mosalocad, ukan dabrunebuls ki dedaTa da mamaTa monastrebi auSenebia (memkvidreobiT miRebuli qonebiT). male man ucxoeTSi moRvaweoba gadawyvita da biTviniaSi, mcire aziis olimpos mTaze monasterSi daemkvidra da 5 weli gaatara. Semdeg iRvawa konstantinopolSi, makedoniaSi, ori weli imyofeboda romSi, dabrunda saberZneTSi q. TesalonikeSi, sadac igi gardaicvala 53 wlis asakSi. ilarioni metad popularuli yofila yvelgan, sadac ki mas umoRvawia. `cxovrebaSi” mravali saswaulia aRwerili, riTac misi naTelmxilvelobisa da `senTagan gankurnebis” niWia gadmocemuli. misi popularobis damadasturebelia is, rom basili imperatorma (867-886) ilarionis wminda nawilebi Tesalonikidan farulad, RamiT gadmoasvena konstantinopolSi, radgan adgilobrivma mosaxleobam amboxi moawyo, rom ilarioni Tesalonikidan ar gadaesvenebinaT. konstantinopolis maxloblad basili imperatorma specialuri monasteri aaSena, sadac ilarioni dakrZales. man moiZia ilarionis qarTveli mowafeebi, am monasterSi daamkvidra, ramac safuZveli Cauyara konstantinopolSi pirvel qarTul monastersa da samwignobro keras, romelmac SemdgomSi Tavisi wvlili Seitana qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. ilarionis saberZneTSi didi popularobis saCveneblad `cxovrebaSi” CarTulia epizodi, rom am monastris qarTvel berebs basili imperatorma Tavisi ori vaJi miuyvana, rom maT qarTuli ena eswavlaT.

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Txzuleba, romelic `dawerilia uaRresad gamarTuli da amave dros mxatvruli eniT, saukeTeso nimuSia efTvimes originaluri mxatvruli prozisa. masSi gamosWvivis efTvimes Rrma erovnuli Segneba da siamayis grZnoba imis gamo, rom bizantielTa zeimi ilarionis pirovnebis garSemo, saqarTvelosadmi miZRvnili zeimia” (k. kekeliZe, baramiZe, Zv. qarT. lit-is istoria, 1987, gv. 110).

ilarion qarTvelis kimenuri anu Tavdapirveli qarTuli ̀ cxovreba”, romelic bizantia-saqarTvelos IXs. urTierTobis sayuradRebo wyaroa, safuZveli gaxda ilarionis `cxovrebis” sxva redaqciebis Seqmnisa (metafrasulis, Semoklebulis da svinaqsarulisa).

efTvimeseuli ilarionis `cxovrebis” uZvelesi teqsti daculia efTvime mTawmidelis naTargmn TxzulebaTa avtograful 990w. xelnawerSi (Ath-79.), xolo meore e.w. 1074w. aTonis krebulSi (A-558) da teqstis pirveli gamocemac am ukanasknelis mixedviT Sesrulda (aTonis iveriis monastris 1074w. xelnaweri aRapebiT, m. janaSvilis gamocema, tfilisi, 1901, gv. 69-108). meore gamocemac A-558 xelnaweris mixedviT Sesrulda: Zveli qarT. agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II, Tb. 1967w., gv. 9-37 (Ath-79. xelnaweri 990 wlisa, axali gamovlenilia da amitom ar figurirebs aRniSnul gamocemebSi).

Targmanebi: laTinurad - P. Peeters. Vita et mores… Hilarionis Hiberi, Anal. Bollandiana, t. 32, Bruxelles, 1913, p. 243-269.

literatura: k. kekeliZe, nawyveti qarT. agiografiis istoriidan, etiudebi, Zv. qarT. lit-is istoriidan, t. IV, gv. 134-158; m. dolaqiZe, ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebis Zveli redaqciebi, Tb. 1974, gv. 37-57; 68-77. Х. Лопарев, Греческие жития VIII da IX веков, Византийский Временник, XVIII, Петроград, 1914, с. 56-63; P. Peeters, S. Hilarion d'Iberie, An. Boll., t. 32; p. 236-243; Bernadette Martin-Hisard, La Peregrination du mone Giorgien Hilarion an IX Siecli Bedi Kartlisa, 39, Paris, 1981, 101-198.

2. ioane da efTvime mTawmidelebis `cxovreba”

saberZneTSi, aTonis mTaze, pirveli qarTuli damoukdiebeli monastris damaarsebelTa ioane da efTvime mTawmidelebis moRvaweobisadmi miZRvnili `cxovreba”, romelic 1042-1044 wlebSi dauweria amave monastris winamZRvars da qarTuli kulturis erT-erT gamoCenil moRvawes giorgi mTawmidels, qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis SesaniSnavi Zeglia.igi aris qarTul-bizantiuri urTierTobis X-XIss. monakveTis umniSvnelovanesi cnobebis Semcveli dokumenti. Txzuleba, romelic ioanesa (+1005w) da efTvimes (+1028w.) gardacvalebidan sakmao xnis Semdeg (1044w.) daiwera, imiTac aris sayuradRebo, rom igi ar Semoifargleba ioanes da efTvimes moRvaweobiT da momdevno ori aTeuli

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wlis ganmavlobaSi qarTul-bizantiur dramatul urTierTobaTa viTarebasac warmoadgens.

iovanem, daviT kurapalatis erT-erTma mxedarTmTavarma, mefis samsaxuri miatova, ojaxic datova da klarjeTis oTxTa monasterSi berad aRikveca, xolo male mcire aziis olimpos mTis monasterSi damkvidrda. man aq gaigo, rom misi jer kidev bavSvi vaJiSvili efTvime konstantinopolSi imperatoris karze mZevlad moxvedrila. iovanem gamoiTxova Svili da olimpos mTaze miiyvana. biTviniidan mama-Svili 965w. aTonis mTaze misula da aTanase aTonelis lavraSi damkvidrebula. aq maT bevri gamoCenili qarTveli beri SeuerTda: arseni ninowmideli episkoposyofili, ioane grZeliZe da daviT kurapalatis cnobili mxedarTmTavaryofili Tornike (monazvnobis saxeli ioane) _ iovane mTawmidelis RviZli Zma da efTvimes biZa. yvela es moRvawe aTonze iovane mTawmidelis avtoritetma Camoiyvana. am dros bizantiis samefo kars aumxedrda mxedarTmTavari barda skliarosi, romelmac imperiaSi kritikuli viTareba Seqmna. basili bizantiis imperatorma daxmarebisaTvis daviT kurapalats mimarTa, xolo man qarTvelTa 12000-iani jaris meTauroba ukve monazvnad Semdgar Tavis mxedarTufross Tornikes sTxova. Tornike iZulebuli gaxda daeTmo bizantiisa da qarTvelTa mefeebisa da sakuTari Zmis iovanes daJinebuli TxovnisaTvis da qarTvelTa jars Caudga saTaveSi. male amboxeba CaaxSes da Tornike didi alafiT da impeatoris saCuqrebiT aTonis mTaze dabrunda.

aTanases lavraSi momravlebulma qarTvelma berebma ioane mTawmidelis meTaurobiT gadawyvites Tornikes mier mopovebuli safasiT sakuTari monasteri aeSenebinaT. swored am monasterSi, romelic erT-erTi gamorCeuli iyo aTonis mTis samonastro imperiaSi (aq qristianuli sarwmunoebis sxvadasxva warmomadgenelTa mier aSenebuli 20-ze meti monasteria ganlagebuli), daiwyo Tavisi literaturuli moRvaweoba qarTuli mwerlobisa da kulturis erT-erTma udidesma warmomadgenelma – efTvime mTawmidelma. man brwyinvaled Seasrula mamis davaleba: `Svilo Cemo! qarTlisa queyanaÁ didad naklulevan ars wignTagan da mravalni wignni aklan... aw iRuawe, raÁTa ganamravlo, sasyideli Seni RmrTisagan”, da ar aris arc erTi dargi sasuliero mwerlobisa, romelSic efTvimes ar eTargmnos ama Tu im dargis umniSvnelovanesi Txzuleba (daaxl. 160-mde), xolo mis originalur Sromaze ilarion qarTvelis Sesaxeb ukve vilaparakeT. mas qarTulidan berZnul enaze uTargmnia `sibrZne balavarisa” da e.w. `abukura” anu `miqael sabawmidelis wameba” da ramdenime Sromac berZnulad dauweria.

giorgi mTawmidelis mier Seqmnili Txzuleba mogviTxrobs ara marto aTonis qarTvelTa monastris daasrebis saintereso istorias da efTvime mTawmidelis literaturuli moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, aramed aq aRwerilia aTonis mTaze moRvawe mravali qarTveli monazvnis saqmianoba, naambobia efTvimes udides avtoritetze

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aTonis monastrebis winamZRvarTa Soris da konstantinopolis samefo karze, efTvimes mier SemoRebul mkacr, magram samarTlian samonastro disciplinaze, ukeTurTa mier misi mokvlis ramdenime mcdelobaze, mis saswaulmoqmedebebze da a.S.

Txzuleba uaRresad saintereso detalebs gvacnobs bizantiis politikuri cxovrebis istoriidan, efTvimes Semdgomi winamZRvris giorgis politikuri dapirispirebis Sesaxeb bizantiis samefo karTan, mis gadasaxlebas da sikvdils. aqedan iwyeba berZnebis mier qarTvel monazonTa aTvalwuneba, maTi aTonidan gandevnisa da qarTvelTa monastris dasakuTrebis mcdeloba, rac TxzulebaSi sakmaod dramatulad aris aRwerili.

giorgis mier am Txzulebis daweris erT-erTi mizanic is iyo, rom saqveynod gamoemzeurebina qarTvelTa namoRvawari aTonze `xatad cxovelad da Zeglad pirmetyuelad” momavali TaobebisaTvis da rom berZnebs ar SeZlebodaT maTi Rvawlis waSla da monastris dasakuTreba: `raÁTa eseviTari boroti, romeli moawies maT zeda berZenTa, ara daviwyebul iqmnas”.

`ioanes da efTvimes coxvreba” rom mravali wyaros safuZvelzea Seqmnili, amas Txzulebis avtoric adasturebs: is TiTqmis yvela maTgans asaxelebs. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia berZenTa Zalmomreobis aRmniSvneli `mosaÃsenebeli”, romelic aTonis qarTvelTa monastris Zmobam svimeon winamZRvris dros (1041-1042) dawera da giorgim Tavis TxzulebaSi ucvlelad Seitana.

giorgi mTawmideli Tavis, didi winamorbedebis naRvaws amaRlebuli patriotuli paTosiT da siamayis grZnobiT warmogvidgens: rom qarTul kulturas SeuZlia metoqeobac ki gauwios bizantiur kulturas, rom aTonis mTis monasterTa winamZRvrebi yovelTvis rCevas efTvimes ekiTxebodnen, rom aTanase didma Tavis lavris meurved jer ioane daniSna, xolo Semdeg es funqcia efTvimes daevala. avtori TiTqos gveubneba, rom qarTvelebs kritikul momentSi SeuZliaT gadaarCinon bizantiis imperia (barda skliarosis ajanyeba), muqara Seuqmnan bizantiis arasasurvel imperators (romanoz argiras da giorgi I winamZRvris istoria), rom qarTvelebma ara marto aaSenes aTonis mTaze yvelaze didi, danarCenze udidesi monasteri, aramed uxvad exmarebodnen SesawiravebiT ara marto aTanases lavras, aramed sxva monastrebsac (mag. laTinTa monasters da sxv.), rom efTvimem gaamdidra Tavisi SemoqmedebiT berZnuli saeklesio literatura da sxv.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Txzulebis saocrad daxvewili, darbaisluri da mxatvruli ena, istoriulad cnobil moRvaweTa realisturad daxatuli portretebi, moxdenili Sedarebebi da gamoTqmebi.

`ioanesa da efTvimes cxovrebis” xelnawerebidan (9) yvelaze Zvelia aTonis qarTvelTa monasterSi gadawerili 1074w. xelnaweri (A-558), e.w. aTonis krebuli, romlis mixedviT aris gamocemuli es Txzuleba 1901w. (m. janaSvilis mier: aTonis

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iveriis monastris 1074w. xelnaweri aRapebiT). agr. giorgi mTawmideli, cxoreba ioanesi da efTvimesi, gamosacemad moamzada iv. javaxiSvilma, Tb. 1946w. Zvveli qarT. agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II, Tb., 1967, gv. 38-100 (Txzulebis pirveli gamocema d. CubiniSvili, qarT. qrestomaTia, spb., 1846, gv. 241-255; da m. sabininisa 1882w. `saq. samoTxe”, gv. 401-432 – arakritikulia).

Targmanebi: rusuli – М. Сабинин, Житие... Иоана и Ефимия, Пол. жизн-ие святых груз. церкви, II, 1872; laTinuri - P. Peeters, Histoires monastiques georgiennes, Vita… Iohonnis atque Euthumii…, Anal. Boll. t. 36-37, 1917-1919, p. 13-68.

literatura: dasax. gamocemaTa winasityvaobani, iv. javaxiSvili giorgi mTawmideli, Sromebi, VIII, 1977, gv. 142-151; k. kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. lit-is istoria, I, 1980, gv. 184-187; 231-232; misive, aTonis lit. skolis ist-dan, etiudebi, II, 1945, 218-236; n. berZeniSvili, aTonis krebulis redaqcia, saq. sax. muzeumis moambe, XI-B, 1941, 25-40; el. metreveli, narkvevebi aTonis kult.-saganmanaTleblo keris istoriidan, Tb. 1996, gv. 5-149. misive, aTonis qarTvelTa monastris saaRape wigni, Tb., 1998, gv. 13-91; m. maCxaneli, ioane, efTvime da giorgi aTonelebis berZnuli `cxovreba”, Tb. 1982; ivironi – 1000, Tb. 1083. П. Успенский, История Афона, III, Киев, 1877; А. Натроев, Иверский монастыр на Афоне, Тифлис, 1908.

3. giorgi mTawmidelis cxovreba

`cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa giorgi mTawmidelisaÁ” aTonis qarTul samwignobo keraSi Seqmnili kidev erTi hagiografiuli Zeglia, dawerili giorgi mTawmidelis ganuyreli mowafis giorgi xucesmonazonis, anu rogorc mas uwodeben, giorgi mciris mier 1066-1068ww. (pirveli TariRi aris giorgi mTawmidelis gardacvalebisa, xolo meore – Txzulebis damkveTis – giorgi mTawmidelis moZRvris giorgi Seyenebulis gardacvalebisa). mowafes Tavisi saxelganTqmuli moZRvris sakadrisi `cxovreba” dauweria: Txzuleba qarTuli haigografiuli mwerlobis ubadlo Zeglia, rogorc saukeTeso nimuSi Zveli qarTuli mxatvruli prozisa, aseve fasdaudebeli matianea XIs. qarTul-bizantiuri saxelmwifoebrivi da kulturuli urTierTobebisa.

Txzuleba iwyeba avtoris epistoliT, saidanac Cven vgebulobT, rom giorgi mTawmidelis moZRvars, Savi, anu sakvirveli mTis dayudebul bers giorgi Seyenebuls, romelic moeswro Tavisi mowafis gardacvalebas, orjer miuweria epistole giorgi mcirisaTvis, raTa mas aRewera giorgi mTawmidelis ̀ cxovreba”, radgan igi Tavisi moZRvris yoveldRiuri moRvaweobisa Tu mogzaurobis monawile iyo. Cans giorgi mcirisaTvis msgavsi TxovniT bevrs miumarTavs, maT Soris iovane Wyondidis episkopossac, magram avtoris Tavmdablobis dasaZlevad

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gadamwyveti giorgi Seyenebulis Txovna aRmoCnda, romelsac avtori sTxovs mis mier dawerili Txzulebis naklovanebani man srulyos. ucnobia, giorgi Seyenebulma isargebla Tu ara avtoris mier miniWebuli uflebiT, magram Txzuleba rom hagiografiuli mwerlobis Sedevria, es udavoa.

Txzulebis ritorikul SesavalSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs Txroba efTvime mTawmidelis qarTuli mwignobrobisa da qarTvelTa ganaTlebis saqmeSi daufasebeli Rvawlis Sesaxeb `romelman umecrebisa igi saburveli mosZarcua gonebaTagan CuenTa... naklulevanebaÁ enisa CuenisaÁ aRavso”. am saqmis gasagrZeleblad giorgi mTawmidelis movlinebas RvTiur gangebas miawers. rogorc giorgim `didisa efTvines cxorebaÁ aRwera saxed da xatad saTnoebisa momavalTa naTesavisaTÂs”, aseve `yoveli saxe cxorebisa misisaÁ (e.i. giorgis) aRvweroT SobiT misiT da vidre aRsasrulamde”.

`cxovrebis” mowmobiT giorgi mTawmideli jer kidev dabadebamde RvTisadmi iyo miZRvnili da dabadebidan (1009w.) Svidi wlisa taZrisis (samcxe) dedaTa monasterSi miiyvanes aRsazrdelad, sadac misi ufrosi da Tekla (qalTa Soris pirvelmowame Teklas sapativcemulod misi saxelis matarebeli) moRvaweobda, xolo sami wlis Semdeg e.i. 10 wlis giorgi xaxulis monasterSi gadaiyvanes da biZebs (mamis Zmebs) giorgi mweralsa da saba monazons Caabares gansaswavlad. aq igi ilarion Tualelis mowafe gaxda da iseTi cnobili moRvaweebis mzrunvelobis qveS moeqca, rogoric iyo xaxulis monastris imdroindeli winamZRvari makari da basili bagratis Ze (bagrat III-is Ze), SemdgomSi aTonis qarTvelTa monastris cnobili moRvawe, efTvimesadmi miZRvnili pirveli sagaloblis avtori. cota xnis Semdeg biZamisma giorgi mweralma patara giorgi bagrat III-is siZis fersos jojikis Zis ojaxSi waiyvana, sadac igi karis moZRvard miuwveviaT. erTi wlis Semdeg es didebuli basili bizantiis imperatoris brZanebiT sikdiliT dausjiaT Ralatis sababiT, xolo ojaxi 1022w. konstantinopolSi gadausaxlebiaT. maT gahyoliaT biZa-ZmisSvilic da giorgis safuZvliani ganaTleba miuRia iq cxovrebis 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi. 1034w. yvelani dabrunebulan da giorgis isev xaxulis monastrisaTvis miuSurebia. igi iq 25 wlis asakSi monazvnad aRkvecila. ori wlis Semdeg giorgi siriaSi, Sav mTaze svimeon mesvetis monasterSi damkvidrebula da giorgi Seyenebulis mowafe gamxdara. SemdgomSi sami weli romanawmidis monasterSi iRvawa, Semdeg moZRvris TanxmobiT ierusalimis wmida adgilebi moiloca. roca dabrunda moZRvrisave miTiTebiT 1040w. aTonis qarTvelTa monasterSi damkvidrda efTvimes mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobis gasagrZeleblad. aq man gaiara gza ukanaskneli msaxuridan aTonis monastris dekanozobamde, xolo 1044w. monastris winamZRvrad airCies. aq 1042 wlidan iwyeba misi literaturuli moRvaweobis didi gza: jer originaluri hagiografiuli Txzuleba `ioane da efTvime mTawmidelebis cxovrebiT”, Semdeg ki mravali

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fundamenturi berZnuli saeklesio wignis TargmniT. radgan monastris winamZRvroba mas did dros arTmevda da TargmanebisaTvis dro aRar rCeboda, datova aToni, Sav mTaze dabrunda da iq gaagrZela Targmanebze muSaoba. misi avtoriteti imdenad gaizarda mwignobrobiTa da antioqia-konstantinopolis patriarqebTan saeklesio saqmeebze kamaTSi, rom bagrat IV igi saqarTveloSi moiwvia saeklesio saqmeebis mosagvareblad. man bagratTan 1060 wels moaRwia da 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi mraval saeklesio reformas Cauyara safuZveli. amasTanave ar erideboda mefisa da didebulTa kritikasa da sasuliero pirTa mxilebas. 1065w. man aTonis qarTvelTa monastris monazonTa ricxvis gasamravleblad Seagrova 80 oboli da Rataki bavSvi da aTonisaken gaemarTa, magram konstantinopolSi CasvlissTanave gardaicvala imave wlis 29 ivniss. aqedan igi aTonis qarTvelTa monasterSi gadausvenebiaT.

giorgi mTawmidelis Rvawli qarTuli mwerlobisa da saerTod qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebaSi, rac warmodgenilia `cxovrebaSi”, marTlac ganuzomelia: TiTqmis ar darCenila qarTuli mwerlobis dargi, romlis ganviTarebaSic mas didi Rvawli ar Seetanos: bibliologiaSi man Targmna fsalmunni, saxareba-oTxTavi, samociqulo...; apokrifebidan - àvgarozi”, ioseb arimaTielis `saxareba”; egzegetikidan – basili didis èqusTa dReTaTÂs”, grigol noselis `kacisa SesaqmisaTvis”, misive `TargmanebaÁ qebaÁ-qebaTaÁsa”, `dabadebisa Targmani” da sxv. dogmatikaSi – sxvadasxva avtorebis `sarwmunoebis simbolos” Sesaxeb mTeli cikli da sxva mravali. liturgikaSi - `didi svinaqsari”, `saxarebaÁ gamokrebil-saweliwdoÁ”, `Tueni aTormetnive”, `didi paraklitoni”, `didni marxuani”, `didi kurTxevani” – am kapitalur TxzulebebTan erTad sxva mravali litugikuli Sromac; homiletikaSi - `wigni Teodore studielisaÁ. swavlani didTa marxvaTa sakiTxavni” (57 sityva), grigol noselisa da sofron ierusalimelis da nektari konstantinopolelis zogierTi homilia da `Sesxma”; hagiografiaSi – Teodore tironis metafrasuli wameba da saswauli, RvTismSoblis daujdomeli (626 konstantinopolis da agarianelTagan mocvis ambebi), `wm. giorgis wameba” da sxv.; kanonikaSi – mravali statia saeklesio samarTlis sakiTxebze da a.S.

giorgis originalur TxzulebaTagan ìoanesa da efTvimes cxovrebaze” visaubreT. mas ramdenime himnografiuli kanonic dauweria (efTvime aTonelze, iodasaf indoelze), dauweria akrostiqoni iambikoebic. mis mier dawerili anderZ-minawerebi, misi Sromebis xelnawerebze, qarTuli mwerlobis sxvadasxva sakiTxebze fasdaudebeli ganZia qarTuli kulturisa da mwerlobis istoriisaTvis.

giorgi mciris Txzuleba `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ... giorgi mTawmidelisaÁ” maRalmxatvruli hagiografiuli Zeglisa da umniSvnelovanesi

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wyaroTmcodneobiTi naSromis erTianobaa. Txzuleba `gegmis mxriv mkveTrad moxazuli da gamiznuli, mwyobrad da Tanamimdevrulad dalagebuli, zedmeti detalebisagan Tavisufali moTxrobaa, gadmocemuli sazeimo, mxatvruli eniT. Rrma aforizmebisa da sentencia-gnomebisa da martivad Camoyalibebuli mecnieruli xasiaTis cnobebTan erTad Txzulebis poeturi mxare, simdidre misi moxdenili Sedarebebis, metaforebisa da epiTetebisa ganmacvifrebelia, misi mWevrmetyveluri paTosi... maCvenebelia avtoris udavo niWisa...” (k.kekeliZe, baramiZe, Zv. qarT.; lit-is istoria, Tbilisi, 1987, gv. 123-124).

Txzulebis uZvelesi teqsti daculia XIs. erT xelnawerSi (S-353, gv. 3-66) danarCeni xelnawerebi gviandelia – XVIII saukunisa. Txzuleba pirvelad d. CubiniSvilma gamosca qarTuli qrestomaTia, spb, 1846, 255-301. meored m. sabininma, `saq. samoTxe”, spb, 1882w. gv. 437-488 – orive maTgani arakritikulia, gamocemuli gviandeli xelnawerebis mixedviT.

`cxovreba” uZvelesi xelnaweris mixedviT gamosca m. janaSvilma: aTonis iveriis monastris 1074w. xelnaweri aRapebiT, tfilisi, 1901, gv. 279-350. kritikul-mecnieruli gamocema ganxorcielda xelnawerTa institutis TanamSromelTa erTi jgufis mier il. abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiT: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II, Tbilisi, 1967w. gv. 106-207. (s. yubaneiSvilis mier qrestomaTiis I, 1946w. gamocemuli teqsti gv. 190-214 Semoklebulia; iv. lolaSvilis mier 1991..w. igi imeorebs xelnawerTa instiuttis gamocemas iseve, rogorc `saunjeSi” I, gamocemuli teqsti).

Targmanebi: rusulad – М. Сабинин, Полное жизнеописание святых грузинской церкви, II, СПБ, 1872, 161-212; laTinurad: P. Peeters, Histoires monastiques Georgiennes, Analecta Bollandiana, t. 36-37, Bruxelles, 1917-1919, p. 74-159.

literatura: zemoT dasaxelebuli zogierTi gamocemis Sesavali, agreTve, al. xaxanaSvili, qarTuli sityvierebis istoria, tfilisi, 1919, gv. 135-185; iv. javaxiSvili, Sromebi, XIII, 1977, gv. 152-157; k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoriis mokle mimoxilva, `mnaTobi”, 1939, #10-11, gv. 232-235; n. berZeniSvili, aTonis krebulis redaqcia, saq. sax. muzeumis moambe, XI-B, tfilisi, 1931, gv. 25-40; j. afciauri, giorgi mciris giorgi mTawmidelis cxovreba, Tbilisi, 1980w.; iv. lolaSvili, giorgi mTawmidelis cxovreba, Tbilisi, 1991w.; К. Кекелидзе, Конспективный курс древне-грузинской литературы, Тифлис, 1939, с. 51-82; Ф. Успенский, История Афона, т. III, Киев, 1877; А. Натроев, Иверский монастыр на Афоне, Тифлис, 1910. misive Краткая история Афоно-Иверского Монастыря по грузинским источникам, 1884.

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4. petre qarTvelis (iberis) cxovreba

`cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa petre qarTvelisaÁ, romeli iyo Ze qarTvelTa mefisaÁ” mogviTxrobs V saukunis qarTveli ufliswulis, varaz-bakuris Zis murvanosis (dab. 412w.) petres saxeliT monazvnad aRkvecasa da palestina-siriaSi mis moRvaweobas jer monastrebSi, Semdeg ki siriis q. RazaSi (maiumi) mis episkoposad xeldsamisa da Semdgomi saqmianobis Sesaxeb.

Txzuleba, qarTuli versiis anderZis mixedviT, siriul enaze dauweria mis qarTvel mowafes zaqarias (ritors) moZRvris gardacvalebidan (+488w.) axlo xanebSi, xolo qarTulad uTargmnia (daaxl. XIIIs) makari mRvdels (mesxs), radgan TxzulebaSi gvxvdeba iseTi detalebi, rac Vs. gacilebiT gviandeli warmoSobisaa, Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom petres cxovrebis qarTuli Zegli ar aris mxolod Targmani, aramed igi gadmokeTebuli unda iyos da amitom ganvixilavT mas rogorc originalur Txzulebas.

petre (eriskacobaSi murvanosi) qarTlis mefis varaz bakuris ojaxSi daibada 412w. da bizantia-qarTlis politikuri urTierTobidan gamomdinare 424w. 12 wlisa bizantiis imperator Teodore mciris karze konstantinopolSi aRmoCnda mZevlad. iq man kargi ganaTleba miiRo da Seiswavla berZnuli ena.

ramdenime wlis Semdeg petre msaxur ioane saWurisTan erTad konstantinopolidan ierusalimSi gaipara da iq isini monazvnad aRikvecnen.

TxzulebaSi metad mniSvnelovani cnobebia daculi ierusalimSi Vs. Sua wlebSi qarTvel piligrimTa da iq damkvidrebul monazonTa Sesaxeb: petrem da ioanem ierusalimSi mimavali qarTvelebisaTvis `aRaSenes saxli sastumroÁ qalaqsa Sina da ganusuenebdes momavalTa ZmaTa qarTvelTada berZenTa”, xolo Semdeg `warvides udabnod, Sekribnes Zmani mravlad da aRiSenes monasteri” (Zeglebi, II, 229-231). aqedan isini iordanes udabnoSi wavidnen, md. iordanes napirze da `iSenes monasteri” (iqve), Semdeg petre, ioane da maTi mowafeebi egvipteSi gadasulan da `surviel iqmnes udabnosa mas da gamoarCies adgili da aRaSenes eklesiaÁ da garemoÁs monasteri”. amis Semdeg `kualad moiqces ierusalimadve da kualad aRaSenes qalaqsa Sina saxli sastumroÁ da iwyes Senebad eklesiisaÁ... da keTilad ganasrules da hmsaxurebdes uwyinod yovelTa ZmaTa momavalTa da glaxakTa da ucxoTa” (gv. 235-36).

petres aseTi farTo samonastro mSeneblobis TxrobaSi, romelic man Caatara ierusalimSi da palestinis sxva adgilebSi, agreTve egvipteSi, CarTulia petres mier Cadenili mravalricxovani saswaulebi, winaswarmetyvelebani, ramac mas iseTi popularoba da saxeli moutana, rom mrevlis moTxovniT da patriarqis iZulebiT petre maiumis (igive Razis) episkoposi gaxda (patriarqis

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wargzavnilebma igi moZebnes udabnoSi, mis mier aSenebul erT-erT monasterSi da rom ar gaqceodaT, Sekres da ise wamoiyvanes, xolo gzaSi RamisTevis dros mas undoda Senobidan gadmomxtariyo da fizikurad daesaxiCrebina Tavi, rom episkoposad ar ekurTxebinaT, magram es Canafiqri ver Seasrula uflis gamocxadebiT).

petres episkoposobis wlebi daemTxva biozantiis imepriaSi marTlmadidebel-qalkedonitTa da monofizit-mwvalebelTa dapirispirebas da TiToeuli maTganis moklevadiani Tu xangrZlivi warmateba imaze iyo damokidebuli, Tu bizantiis ama Tu im imperators visi mxare eWira. petre qarTveli Txzulebis mixedviT qalkedonis IV msoflio krebis dogmatis momxred aris warmodgenili, Tumca wyaroebis mixedviT igi monofiziti unda yofiliyo. yovel SemTxvevaSi TxzulebaSi moTxrobilia, rom mwvaleblobis moZalebis dros petres kaTedra dautovebia da Tavis mowafe zaqariasTan erTad (aq Txroba zaqarias piriT mimdinareobs... `mrqua me: `Svilo zaqaria, aRdeg da warvideT ucxosa queyanasa”) mogzaurobda da Tavis kaTedras, romelic markiane imperatoris (qalkedonis krebis mowvevis iniciatori) sikvdilis (+457) Semdeg datova, leon didis gamefebis Semdeg (457-474) daubrunda. TxzulebaSi petres mogzauroba saswaulebis aRsrulebis simravliT da saintereso epizodebiT gamoirCeva. gardaicvala petre 65 wlisa, rogorc es TxzulebaSia naTqvami, e.i. 477w. qarTul da evropul samecniero wreebSi gamoiTqva azri, rom petre iberi aris avtori fsevdo-dionises saxeliT cnobili Sromebisa.

petre qarTvelis cxovrebis Tavdapirveli vrceli redaqciis teqsti (arsebobs vrcelisagan gakeTebuli Semoklebuli variantic) daculia XVs. erTaderT xelnawerSi (H-1760) da mis mixedviT (mokles paralelurad) pirvelad gamosca n. marma (rusuli TargmaniTurT) Палестинский сборник, т. XVII, вып. 1896, с. 59-78; meore gamocema: s. yubaneiSvili, Zv. qarT. lit-is qrestomaTia, I, 256-272 (vrceli): mesame – Zv. qarTuli agiografiuli lit-is Zeglebi, II, v. 213-263 (orive redaqcia); meoTxe – iv. lolaSvilisa, areopagetuli krebuli, Tb., 1983, gv. 117-158 (orive).

Targmanebi: n. maris, zemodasaxelebuli; R. Rahe, Petrus der Iberer. Ein Charakterbild fur Kirchen und Sittengeschicte des fünften Iahrhunderts, Leiftig, 1895.

literatura: dasax. gamocemaTa winasityvaobebi; agr. k. kekeliZe, qarT. mwer. istoria, I, 1980, gv. 334; iv. javaxiSvili, qarT. eris istoria, I, 1928, 198; ak. gawerelia, petre iberielis biografiis sakiTxebi, `mnaTobi”, #3, 1970, gv. 139-169; missive, isev petre iberielis `cxovrebis” gamo, `mnaTobi”, #8, 1971, gv. 141-167. n. meliqseT-beki, somx. epist. wignis axali vairanti da petre iberielis mowafe ioane maiumeli, muz. moambe, XI-B, 1941, gv. 41.

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nawili mesameqarTuli hagiografiis metafrasuli redaqciis Txzulebebi

hagiografiaSi metafrasuli mimdinareobis Camoyalibeba bizantiis saeklesio mwerlobaSi moxda da mas konkretuli miznebi hqonda: saeklesio kalendris TanamimdevrobiT, dawyebuli seqtembris Tvidan, `gaekeTilSobilebia” is hagiogarfiuli Txzulebebi, upirveles yovlisa is uZvelesi `martvilobebi”, romelTa Seqmna axlad fexadgmuli qristianuli sarwmunoebis damkvidrebisaTvis Tavdadebul da sicocxleSewirul morwmuneTa Rvawlis aRweras emsaxureboda sxva mormwuneTa samagaliTod, magram umeteswilad SemTxveviTi, gaunaTlebeli enTuziastebis mier iyo dawerili primitiuli, anu, rogorc wyaroebSi aris naTqvami, `martivi da litoni” eniT da Sua saukuneebis (X-XIss) bizantielTa ritorikul da stilistur moTxovnilebebs ver akmayofilebda. amasTanave xangrZlivi (II-Xss) drois ganmavlobaSi am `martvilobaTa” nawili iryvneboda da maxinjdeboda, xSirad Segnebulad, mwvalebelTa mier TavianTi azrebis maTSi Setanis Sesabamisad. Xs. bolos (980w.) svimeon liRoTetis mier sistemurad dawyebuli es saqme iTvaliswinebda Zveli martvilobebis enis frazeologiur-stilistur daxvewas, mwvalebluri tendenciebisagan teqstis ganwmedas da a.S., rasac `metafrasireba” (berZ. μηταφρασις-dan) ewoda, xolo mis Semsrulebels – svimeon loRoTets, svimeon metafrasti.

qarTuli e.w. metafrasuli mwerlobis warmoSobis saWiroeba gaCnda sul sxva mizezebiT da mas ar hqonia sistemuri xasiaTi, rogorc bizantiur mwerlobaSi. qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi aravis ucdia uZvelesi qarTuli kimenuri hagiografiuli Txzulebebis – SuSanikis, evstaTi mcxeTelis, abo tfilelis da sxva `wamebaTa” gadametafraseba, radgan maTi enobriv-stilisturi srulyofileba amas ar saWiroebda (mxedvelobaSi ar gvaqvs anton I `martirika”, romelic XVIIIs. II naxevarSi Seiqmna da romelsac sul sxva miznebi hqonda). TiToeuli qarTuli metafrasuli Txzulebis gaCenas Tavisi damoukidebeli mizezi aqvs, romelsac TiToeuli maTganis ganxilvisas aRvniSnavT.

ver CavTvliT metafrasulad abibos nekreselis vrcel wamebas, romelic faqtobrivad abibosis mokle, Zveli (IXs) wamebis ganmeorebaa, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT arsenis II kaTalikosis (955-980) mier Setanil mciroeden frazeologiur cvlilebebs da `wamebis” bolos epilogis darTvas, magram am cvlilebas is mizani hqonda, rom abibosis `wameba” asurel mamaTa saerTo TxzulebaSi CaerTo. amasTanave Xs. Sua wlebSi qarTuli metafrastikis Sesaxeb saubari anaqronizmia, es mimdinareoba am dros bizantiaSic ar iyo.

qarTuli metafrasuli Txzulebis pirvel niSnad Sesatyvis kimenuri Txzulebis arsebobas miviCnevT, xolo amaT ricxvs ver mivakuTvnebT qarTul

194

samecniero literaturaSi metafrasulad miCneul im Txzulebebs, romlebsac mcireodeni interpolaciebi ki ganucdiaT, magram maTi kimenuri redaqciebi ar Cans (serapion zarzmeli, daviT da konstantine).

1. leonti mrovelis `moqcevaÁ mirian mefisa da mis Tana yovlisa qarTlisa wmidisa da netarisa dedisa Cuenisa

nino mociqulis mier”

cnobil mematianesa da ruisis X-sis. II naxevris episkoposs leonti mrovels `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs” teqsti, romlis mTavari, meore nawili ninos ̀ cxovrebas” warmoadgens, gadaumuSavebia ara metafrasuli hagiografiis principebis mixedviT, aramed specialuri miznisaTvis: Tavis `cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTa-“Si, romelic `qarTlis cxovrebis” nawilia, kerZod ki `mirian mefis cxovrebis” im nawilSi, sadac mTavrdeba misi, rogorc warmarTi mefis saqmianoba da iwyeba qarTlSi ninos misioneruli moRvaweoba, mas CaurTavs `moqcevaÁ mirian mefisa... nino mociqulis mier” da am istoriul TxzulebaSi `moqceviseuli” ninos `cxovreba” am miznisaTvis gadaumuSavebia: pirveli piriT Txroba mesame piris TxrobiT Seucvlia, cvlilebebi Seutania frazeologiaSic, zogi ram gamoutovebia, zogic sxva wyaroebidan Seutania da, rac mTavaria, Seucvlia Tavisi ZiriTadi wyaros kompozicia, zogierTi Tavisi Txrobis Tanmimdevroba. amitom leontis Sromas rom metafrasuli vuwodoT (misi klasikuri gagebiT), gaWirdeba, Tumca Zveli wyaros safuZvelze axali Txzulebis Seqmna saxezea.

leontis mier hagiogarfiuli Txzulebis `gaistoriebuli” teqsti mxolod `qarTlis cxovrebis” xelnawerebs daucavs (ix. ̀ qarTlis cxovreba”, gamocemuli yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, t. I, Tb., 1955, gv. 72-128).

literatura: iv. javaxiSvili, Sromebi, VIII, 1977, gv. 187-188; k. kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. mwerlobis istoria, I, 1980, gv. 236-242; e. TayaiSvili, `axali varianti wm. ninos cxovrebisa”, gv. XV-XXV; e. xoStaria-brose, leonti mroveli da `qarTlis cxovreba”, Tb., 1996, gv. 82-93. c. qurcikiZe, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ teqstisa da enis sakiTxebi, filologiuri Ziebani, I, 1964, gv. 67-95.

2. arsen iyalToeli (beri), `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ da Ruawli wmidisa da Rirsisa dedisa Cuenisa ninoÁsi, romelman qadaga qriste, RmerTi

Cueni, queyanasa CrdiloÁsasa da gananaTla naTesavi qarTvelTaÁ”

arsenis (XIIs.) mier ninos Sesaxeb mesame Txzulebis, namdvilad metafrasuli `cxovrebis” dawerasac konkretuli mizezi hqonda: rogorc avtori wers,

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`moqceviseuli” ninos cxovreba da leontis `ninos cxovreba” kompoziciis TvalsazirsiT sruliad uvargisi iyo eklesiaSi sakiTxavad da mosasmenad: `wmidano mamano da Zmano, ese netarisa ninoÁs `cxorebaÁ” Seuwyoblad da ganbneulad `qarTlis moqcevasa Tana da `hambavsa mefeTasa” Tana aRreulad sweria... garna win-ukana da ukuana win, igive da erTi piri. da amisTÂs saeklesioÁ mkiTxvelTaTÂs friad sawyino iyo da msmenelTaTÂs uÃmar da ver sacnaur” da mis mier Catarebul saqmianobasac gvamcnobs: `... arca Semimatebia, arca damiklia, aramed Zali sityÂsaÁ da gamocxadeba saqmisaÁ mokled da martivad warmomiTquams da mravalkecsa da masve TanaaRreulobasa hambavisasa Tana-warÂdil var da ukueTu raÁme Sesavlad Txrobisa, anu adgil-adgil Sesakravad sityÂsa sityuaÁ gÂÃmaria, igica saRmrToTa wignTagan da wmidaTa mier Tqumulisagan ars”. Cveni azriT, arsen iyalToelis am sityvebSi Cans qarTuli metafrastikis mTeli programa. mas Tavis TxzulebisaTvis orive mTavari wyaro gamouyenebia, Tumca isini kompoziciurad da frazeologiurad mTlianad Seucvlia. aseTi Txzuleba sami xelnaweriT aris Semonaxuri (A-707, XII_XIII; Q-762, XIII-XIV; A-518, 1708w.), romelTa mixedviTac igi aris gamoqveynebuli: p. karbelaSvilis mier, tfilisi, 1902, gv. 3-52; Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli lit. Zeglebi, III, Tbilisi, 1971, gv. 7-51.

literatura: k. kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. lit-is istoria, I, 1980, gv. 311-313; iv. lolaSvili, metafrasuli `ninos cxovrebis” avtoris vinaobisaTvis, macne, els, #4, 1974, gv. 7-18; c. qurcikiZe, `ninos cxovrebis” metafrasuli redaqciis wyaros sakiTxisaTvis, saq. akad. moambe XI, VI, #1, 1967, 269-275.

3. cxorebaÁ wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane zedaznelisaÁ romeli brZanebiTa RmrTisaÁTa da winamZRrobiTa sulisa wmidisaÁTa moivlina queyaniT SuamdinariT queyanad qarTlisad aTormetTa mowafeTa misTa

wmidaTa Tana (ganaaxla da ganavrco wmidaman [mamaman] Cuenman qristes mier arseni kaTalikozman)

am metafrasuli Txzulebis aRweris mizezi TviT am Txzulebis SesavalSia naTqvami: zedaznis monastris winamZRvars miqaels (XIs. I naxevari) miumarTavs am Txzulebis avtorisaTvis TxovniT, rom mas daewera Tavisi monastris damaarseblisa da pirveli winamZRvris Sesaxeb damoukidebeli `cxovreba” da amisaTvis misi `cxovrebis” Sesaxeb mopovebuli masalac `qartaÁ wulili” miuwodebia. es unda iyos Cvens mier ganxiluli `iovane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis cxovreba”, romlis pirvel nawils iovane zedaznelis `cxovreba” Sedagens. miqaels, rogorc Cans, ar akmayofilebda mokled aRwerili iovane zedaznelis `cxovreba”, romelic amave dros gaerTianebuli iyo Tavis mowafeTa `cxovrebebTan” da moindoma monasterSi hqonoda monastris damaarseblis vrceli da gamocalkevebuli cxovreba. Txzulebis saTauri, Cveni azriT,

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fsevdoepigrafikulia da imeorebs Zveli, e.w. arqetipis avtoris – qarTlis kaTalikosis arsenis saxels. wyarosTan SedarebiT metafrasul `cxovrebas” damatebuli aqvs vrceli ritorikuli da Teologiur-dogmatikuri sentenciebiT gadatvirTuli Sesavali.

arqetipis teqsti, romelsac bevr SemTxvevaSi TiTqmis zustad imeorebs metafrasuli `cxovreba”, zogjer alag-alag gavrcobilia da frazeologiac Secvlili, zogjer mTeli pasaJebia damatebuli (mag. iovanes mier mowafeTa damoZRvra). metafrasuli Txzuleba, romelic `qarTlis cxovrebis” erTaderTi nusxiT (Q-795, XVs. – ana dedofliseuli nusxa) aris cnobili, bolonaklulia.

gamocemulia: asurel moRvaweTa cxovrebis wignTa Zveli redaqciebi, teqstebi gamokvlevebiTa da leqsikoniT gamosca il. abulaZem, Tbilisi, 1995, gv. 2-68 (yvela redaqcia); Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli lit-is Zeglebi, I, 1964, gv. 191-212 (metafrasi arqetipis parallel.).

literatura: il. abulaZe, gamocemis winasityvaoba da gamokvleva; k.kekeliZe, sakiTxi siriel moRvaweTa qrTlSi mosvlis Sesaxeb, etiudebi, I, 1956, gv. 190-250; G. Pötsch, Arsens Briet und Vita Iohanes von Zedazeni, Bedi Kartlisa, 39, 1921. agr. ix. literatura asurel mamaTa `cxovrebis” Zvel redaqciebTan (aqve, zemoT).

4. ioane zedaznelis meore metafrasuli `cxovreba”

sityva-sityviT imeorebs pirveli metafrasuli `cxovrebis” grZel saTaurs da fsevdoepigrafikul cnobas avtoris Sesaxeb, Tumca teqstobrivad mihyveba ara mas, aramed `arqetipul” cxovrebas, magram siuJetur TanxvedrasTan erTad avrcobs wyaros teqsts SesavliT, TiTqmis mTlianad cvlis wyaros frazeologias da avrcobs mas. Cans, rom pirveli metafrasuli `cxovreba” ar gavrcelebula (rogorc vTqviT, cnobilia misi erTaderTi da isic bolonakluli `qarTlis cxovrebiseuli” nusxa) da amitom meore metafrasuli `cxovrebis” avtorisaTvis misi arseboba ucnobi unda yofiliyo (yovel SemTxvevaSi igi mas ar iyenebs, miuxedavad am ori Txzulebis saTaurebis da qvesaTaurebis sityva-sityviT damTxvevisa).

am Txzulebis xelnawerebi gviandelia, XVIIs. miwurulisa (A-160) da XVIIIs. (A-130, A-170 da sxv.), magram Txzuleba XIs, II naxevris Zeglad aris miCneuli.

gamocemebi: il. abulaZis, zemodasax. gamocema; Zv. qarT. lit-is Zeglebi, III, 1971, gv. 83-107; (m. sabininis 1882w. gamocema, `saq. samoTxe”-Si, gv. 193-208, arakritikulia).

literatura: il. abulaZis, dasax. gamocemis Sesavali,; k. kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. lit-is istoria, I, 1980, gv. 533-536.

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5. `cxorebaÁ da sakvirvelebani wmidisa da netarisa SioÁsni, romel iyo antioqiaÁT SuamdinarisaÁT, xolo moiwia queyanad qarTlisa da daemkÂdra sarkinisa mRÂmesa, romeli ese aRwera Rirsman martÂri,

pirvel romelsa ewoda ioane, romeli iyo mowafeTagani wmidisa ioanesTa konstantinepoliT~

am metad vrceli saTauris mqone metafrasuli Txzuleba Sio mRvimelis Sesaxeb, romlis saTaurSi moxseniebuli avtori martÂri, iseve rogorc iqve moxseniebuli misi moZRvari `ioane konstantinepoliT”, samecniero literaturaSi sruliad gaurkveveli pirebia, ZiriTadad eyrdnoba Sios e.w. arqetips, (cnobilia, rom Sios kimenuri cxovreba Sios sarkineSi damkvidrebiT iwyeba), xolo metafrasul TxzulebaSi aRwerili arcTu mokle Sesavlis Semdeg moTxrobilia Sios bavSvoba, mSobelTa vinaoba, Sios samonazvno moRvaweobis dasawyisi siriaSi iovanes (SemdgomSi zedaznelis) kurTxeviT da mSobelTa TanxmobiT 20 wlis asakSi, 20 weli siriaSi moRvaweoba da Semdeg iovanesTan erTad qarTls gamomgzavreba, kaTalikosis rCeviT maTi zedaznis mTaze damkvidreba da pirvel xanebSi sxva mowafeebTan erTad iq moRvaweoba. Tu wyaro Sios siriaSi cxovrebisa CvenTvis ucnobia (an SeiZleba avtoris fantaziis nayofic iyos) Sios qarTls gamomgzavrebisa da zedazenze misi yofnis Sesaxeb wyaro ueWvelad ioane zedaznelis kimenuri `cxovrebaa”.

Sio mRvimelis metafrasul `cxovrebasTan” erTad unda vaxsenoT erTi Txzuleba - `saswaulni SioÁsni”, romelic, rogorc TxzulebaSivea naTqvami sxavadsxva wyarodan amoukrebia ioane kaTalikoss (`Ze didisa patrikosisa vaCesi”), Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi srulebiT ucnob pirs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es `saswaulni” ratomRac sruliad ugulebelyofilia da Seuswavleli (gamocemulia il. abulaZis `asurel moRvaweTa cxovrebis” wignTa Zveli redaqciebi, Tb. 1955).

Sio mRvimelis metafrasuli cxovreba, romelic yvelaze vrceli Txzulebaa qarTul metafrasul TxzulebaTa Soris, wyaro gamxdara Sios metafrasuli meore, gviandeli TxzulebisaTvis, romelic zogjer sityva-sityviT, umetesad perifrazulad imeorebs, adgil-adgil amoklebs kidec Sios pirvel metafrasul `cxovrebas”. misi dawera XVII_XVIIIss. Sios Tayvanismcemlis mxolod literaturuli varjiSis STabeWdilebas tovebs (Zv. qarT. agiogr, lit-is Zeglebi, III, 1971, gv. 267-291); erTaderTi xelnaweri (lening. H-22).

Sios metafrasuli (pirveli) cxovreba pirvelad gamosca m. sabininma, `saqarTvelos samoTxe”, spb, 1882, gv. 219-264; il. abulaZem 1955w. zemodasax. gamocemaSi, gv. 69-143 (Sios kimenuri cxovrebis paralelurad); Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, III, Tb., 1971, gv. 107-170 (gamocemebi

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eyrdnoba Sio mRvimelis metafrasul `cxovrebas”, romelic samecniero litearturaSi XIIs. I naxevris Zeglad aris miCneuli (k. kekeliZe, ...istoria, I, gv. 537), mxolod XVIIs. miwurulisa (A-160) da XVIIIs. (A-130; A-170) xelnawerebiT moRweul teqstebs.

literatura ix. asurel mamaTa kimenur da metafrasul redaqciis TxzulebebTan.

6. `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ didisa da RmerTSemosilisa mamisa Cuenisa daviT garejelisaÁ”

daviT garejelis metafrasuli `cxovreba”, romelic anonim avtors dauweria `iZulebiTa... zogadisa mamisa, sulTa mwyemsisa onofresTa”, gansxvavebiT daviTis kimenuri, e.i. ̀ arqetipuli” cxovrebisagan, iwyeba SesavliT, sadac warmodgenilia metafrasuli `cxovrebis” daweris mizezebi da miznebi, am `cxovrebis” daweris maiZulebelis vinaoba, daviTis siriaSi moRvaweobis, ase vTqvaT, `Sekowiwebuli” epizodebi ioane zedaznelis `cxovrebaTa” safuZvelze da mxolod amis Semdeg igi mihyveba Tavis ZiriTad wyaros, daviTis kimenur `cxovrebas”, imeorebs mis epizodebs perifrazulad da dedanTan SedarebiT gacilebiT vrclad, ase vTqvaT, sityvamravlobiT da xSirad axsenebs am wyaros.

radgan samecniero literaturaSi (k. kekeliZe, ... istoria, I, 1980, gv. 534) daviTis metafrasul ,,cxovrebaSi” moxseniebuli ,,mwyemsi onofre” gaigivebulia aTonis mTis qarTelTa monastris aRapebSi naxsneb ,,did ber da moZRuar onofri garejelTan” (el. metreveli, aTonis qarTvelTa monastris saaRape wigni, Tbilisi, 1998, gv. 173). Txzulebac dawrili unda iyos XIIs. I naxevarSi, Tumca Txzulebis Semcveli xelnawerebi XVIIs. miwurulisa (A-160) da XVIIIs. (A-130; A-170 da sxv.), romelTa mixedviTac am Txzulebis teqsti gamocemulia: m. sabinini, ,,saq. samoTxe”, spb, 1882, 265-286; il. abulaZis zemodasax. gamocema, gv. 144-187 (kimenurTan erTad) Zveli qarT. agiogr. lit-is Zeglebi, III, Tb., 1971, gv. 170-207.

literatura ix. asurel mamaTa kimenur da metafrasul zemomiTiTebul ,,cxovrebebTan”. daviT garejelis metafrasuli ,,cxovrebis” safuZvelze Tbilel mitropolit romanoz (erisTavs) garejis monasterSi berad yofnis dros daaxl. 1737-40ww. dauweria meore metafrasuli ,,cxovreba” da sxva wyaroebiTac usargeblia, zogi ram garejis Tanamedrove samonastro cxovrebidanac Seutania (ix. e. gabiZaSvili, romanoz erisTavi da misi ucnobi Txzuleba, xel. inst.… mravalTavi II, 1973w., gv. 75-93; teqsti gamocemulia, …... Zeglebi III, gv. 201-311 (danarTSi), centr. arqivis #252 (1737w., 1040w.) xelnaweris mixedviT (avtografi).

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7. ,,cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqeobaÁ wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa ilarion axlisa”

ilarion axlis metafrasuli ,,cxovreba”, romelic Teofile xucesmonazonma dawera 1074 wlis Semdeg, Sedgenilia ilarion qarTvelis efTvime aToneliseuli kimenuri Txzulebis safuZvelze matafrasul moTxovnilebaTa miRebuli standartebis mixedviT: Teofiles dauweria axali Sesavali, romlis mTavari Temaa qarTvelebis mier qristianuli sarwmunoebis miReba. sada, martivi eniT dawerili wyaro mas ritorikul stilSi Seumkia da ganuvrcia, wyarosTan SedarebiT zogierTi adgili gamoutovebia, zogi ram miumatebia da zogic Seucvlia (detalurad am cvlilebebis Sesaxeb ix. k. kekeliZe, nawyveti qarTuli agiografiis istoriidan, etiudebi. ... IV, Tb., 1957, gv. 145-147). metafrasuli Txzulebis teqstis Semcveli xelnawerebi gviandelia – XVIIIs. (A-130, 1713w.; A-170, 1733w. da sxv.), romelTa mixedviT gamocemulia: m. sabinini, ,,saq. samoTxe”, spb, 1882, gv. 371-392; Zveli qarT. agiogr. lit-is Zeglebi, III, Tb., 1971, gv. 208-248. Targmanebi: М. Сабинин, Полное жизнеописание святых груз. церкви, II, СПБ, 1872, с. 105-125; А.Муравьев, Житие святых российской церкви, также иверских..., 1860, с. 159-186.. literatura: k. kekeliZe, nawyveti qarT. agiografiis istoriidan, etiudebi, IV, gv. 135-184. m. doliqiZe, ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebis Zveli redaqciebi, Tb., 1974, gv. 68-77. B. Martin-Hisard, La pérégrination du mone Georgien Hilarion an IX sience Bedi Kartilisa, 39, Paris, 1981, 101-138.

8. `daZinebaÁ wmidaTaganisa mamisa Cuenisa ise wilknel episkoposisa...”

ise wilknelis metafrasuli ,,cxovreba” anu ,,daZineba”, rogorc es figurirebs Txzulebis saTaurSi, besarion qarTlis kaTalikoss dauweria XVIIIs. I naxevarSi im epizodebis safuZvelze, romelsac Cven vicnobT iovane zedaznelisa da Sio mRvimelis metafrasul ,,cxovrebaTa “ mixedviT, Tumca besarionis ritorikuli SesavliTa da ,,Sesxmis” stilSi dawerili adgilebiT avsebs wyaroebidan aRebul arcTu mdidrul faqtobriv masalas da Seaqvs mas damatebiTi epizodebi ises mier cecxlTayvanismcemlebTan polemikisa da ises mTaSi misioneruli moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. XVIIIs. xelnawerebiT (S-326 da A-170) cnobili teqsti pirvelad gamoqveynda 1989w. Zv. qarT. agiogr. lit-is ZeglebSi, V, gv. 79-95.

literatura: m. qavTaria, besarion orbeliSvilis cxovreba da moRvaweoba, xel. inst. moambe, I, 1959, 89-91; missive, …... Zeglebi V, gv. 188-192; k. kekeliZe, …... istoria, I, 1980, 352-353.

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9. ,,wamebaÁ wmidisa da didebulisa mowamisa arCilisi, mefisa mis qarTvelTasa”

besarion kaTalikoss ekuTvnis arCil mefis wamebis metafrasuli Txzulebac, romelic mas XVIIIs. I naxevarSi dauweria arCilis ,,wamebis” im mokle Txzulebis mixedviT, romelic ,,qarTlis cxovrebis” nusxebSia CarTuli. besarioni amomwuravad iyenebs leonti mrovelisa da juanSeris Txrobas arCilis Sesaxeb, magram ganuvrcia igi metafrasuli hagiografiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli frazebiT, literaturulad amuSavebs da aformebs frazas.

arCilis wamebis metafrasuli ,,wameba” cnobilia XVIIIs. xelnawerebiT (S-3269; A-170) da gamocemulia maT mixedviT: m. janaSvili, qarT. mwerloba, I, 1900, gv. 253-292; Zv. qarT. agiogr. lit-is Zeglebi, V, gv. 95-108.

literatura: m. qavTaria, besarion orbelaSvilis cxovreba da moRvaweoba, xel. inst. moambe, I, 1959, gv. 28-29; misive, ...Zeglebi, V, gv. 93-95. k.kekeliZe, ...istoria, I, gv. 351-352. ix. agreTve lit-ra arCilis kimenur ,,wamebasTan”.

10. anton I, ,,martirika”

rogorc saTauridan Cans, anton bagrationma, saqarTvelos patriarqma, am krebulSi Seitana saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendarSi warmodgenili wmindanebis mxolod ,,martvilobebi” da umetesi maTganis arsebuli kimenuri Txzulebebi gadaametafrasa, Sesxma da moTxroba RvawlTa da vnebTa~ stilSi (ase iwyeba TiToeuli maTganis saTauri), magram Cven amjerad CamovTvliT im ,,martvilobebs” anu ,,wamebebs”, romlebsac hagiografiul TxzulebaTa forma pirvelad antonma misca – maT Sesaxeb mxolod calkeuli cnobebia sxvadasxva werilobiT wyaroSi.

1. neofite urbnelis (VIIIs.) ,,wameba”, romlis Sesaxeb cnobebi amoRebulia `saswaulni SioÁsnis~ mecxre Tavidan, antons, iseve rogorc danarCeni Txzulebebi, gadaumuSavebia metafrasul-panegirikul stilSi, ,,martirikis” TxzulebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tradiciuli Sesavlis damatebiT da wyaros epizodebis zogjer perifrazirebiT, zogjer citirebiT moTxrobilia arabTa jaris erT-erTi meTauris an umaris an omaris gaqristianeba SimRvimeSi nanaxi saswaulebis Sedegad, iq monazvnad aRkveca, iZulebiT urbnisis episkoposad kurTxeva da arabTagan misi wameba. Zeglebi VI, gv. 119-135 (teqsti); 500-502.

2. garejel monazonTa ,,wameba”, romelSic antonma gadmocemis safuZvelze aRwera sparselTagan garejis aRdgomis eklesiaSi aRdgomis dresaswaulze Sekrebil monazonTa daxocvis amabvi, romelic varaudiT XVIs-Si unda momxdariyo (... Zeglebi, VI, gv. 189-208; 502-504).

3. aTTa bevrTa mowameTa tfiliss vnebulTa. jalaledinis 1225w. Tbilisis mosaxleobis gaJletis faqtze agebuli, rac antons ,,JamTaaRmwerlis” matianedan

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aqvs aRebuli da metafrasul stilSi damuSavebuli (... Zeglebi, VI, gv. 247-265; 504-506).

4. Salva axalcixelis wameba jalaledinis 1223w. Catarebul represiebs aRwers igive JamTaaRmwerlis matianis mixedviT (... Zeglebi, VI, 302-318; 506-508).

5. qvabTaxevis monasterSi wamebulTa monazonTa da saero pirTa (aq TavSefarebulTa) dawvis ambavi antons auRia Temurlengis 1393w. Semosevis Sesaxeb vaxuStis istoriis (zogan beri egnataSvilis Sromis mixedviT) (Zeglebi, VI, 319-340; 508-510. yvela Txzuleba martirikisa Q-78 (1769w. 28. XI) da S-1271 (1768-1769w.)). xelnawerebis mixedviT aris gamocemuli (Zeglebi VI, 1980w. e. gabiZaSvili, m. qavTaria).

Semoklebul ,,cxovrebaTa” Sesaxeb

qarTuli hagiografiis istoriaSi figurirebs arsebuli vrceli cxovrebidan gakeTebuli (zogjer gamokrebili, zogjer Semoklebul-perifrazirebuli) misi mokle varianti (aseTi sul samia), romelTa daniSnuleba bolomde garkveuli ar aris da TiToeuli maTganis Seqmnis saWiroeba, SesaZlebelia, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul miznebSi iyos saZebari, an sulac erTi mizniTac iyos ganpirobebuli (vTqvaT, Sualeduri rgoli vrcelsa da svinaqsarul ,,cxovrebas” Soris saRvTismsaxuro daniSnulebiT, an romelime specifikur krebulSi Sesatanad da sxv.).

1. ilarion qarTvelis mokle ,,cxovreba” mTlianad damyarebulia e.w. efTvimeseul ilarionis ,,cxovrebis” kimenur redaqciaze. amoklebs mas erTiorad (im adgilebis amoRebiT, romelic uSualod ilarions ar exeba, kimenuris vrceli Sesavlis amoRebiT da sxv.) da misi frazeologia, mcire gamonaklisis garda, TiTqmis zustadaa gadmotanili (xelnaweri Q-762, XIIIs., gamocema: s. yubaneiSvilis, Zv. qarT. literaturis qrestomaTia, I, Tb., 1946, gv. 170-177; literatura: m. dolaqiZe, ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebis Zveli redaqciebi, Tb., 1974; e. gabiZaSvili, ... Zeglebi, IV, Tb., 1968, gv. 143-154).

2. nino ganmanaTleblis ,,cxovrebis” mokle versia warmoadgens arsen iyalToelis (beris) mier dawerili ninos ,,cxovrebis” metafrasuli Txzulebis Semoklebasa da teqstis Tavisufal perifrazs, alag-alag ramdenime axali cnobis CarTviT. Txzuleba Seudgenia XIIIs. ucnob avtors. mis Semcvel xelnawerTagan uZvelesia XVII-XVIIIss. (leningr. H-220). gamocemulia s. yubaneiSvilis mier, ... qrestomaTia, I,M 1946, gv. 216-231; ... Zeglebi, III, Tb., 1971, gv. 52-63; literatura: q. cxadaZe, ucnobi avtoris ,,ninos cxovreba”, saiub. krebuli k. kekeliZes, 1959, gv. 401... s. janaSia, fsevdo arseni, akad. moambe, I, 1940, gv. 475-482.

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3. petre qarTvelis (iberis) ,,cxovrebis” mokle redaqcia petre qarTvelis vrceli cxovrebis, SeiZleba iTqvas, umeteswilad meqanikur Semoklebas warmoadgens mcireodeni frazeologiuri niuansebiT da vrcelis samiode adgilis moulodneli frazeologiuri gavrcobiT. mokle redaqciis xelnawerebi bevria (vrceli mxolod erTaderTi), magram arcerTi maTgani XVIIIs. adrindeli ar aris (A-130, 1713; A-170, 1733 da sxv.). gamocemebi: Н.Я. Марр, Жития Петра Ивера..., Палестинский сборник, т. XVII, вып. II, 1896, 59-72 (vrceli cxovrebis paralelurad): Zv. qarT. agiogr. lit-is Zeglebi, II, Tb., 1967, gv. 213-263 (vrcelTan erTad): iv. lolaSvili, areopagetuli krebuli, Tb., 1983, gv. 117-158 (orive). Targmanebi: Н.Я. Марр, dasax. gamocema, gv. 81-115; literatura ix. petres vrcel cxovrebasTan (agr. Zeglebi, V, gv. 232-233).

zogierTi svinaqsaruli ,,cxovrebis” Sesaxeb

svinaqsaruli hagiografia, principSi, liturgikul mwerlobasac miekuTvneba, radgan igi ikiTxeba Jamiswirvaze wmindanis himnografiuli, kanonis meeqvse galobis Semdeg, misi biografiisa da Rvawlis mrevlisaTvis mokled gacnobis mizniT, magram misi Sedgenis principebi, misi warmomavloba Sesabamisi wmindanis vrceli hagiografiuli Txzulebidan gvaZlevs sababs, rom igi hagiografiis nawilad vcnoT. samecniero literaturaSi miRebulia, rom svinaqsaruli teqsti, ,,cxovreba” iqneba igi Tu ,,wameba”, yovelTvis meoreulia – igi arsebuli vrceli Txzulebidan gamonakrebs warmoadgens. marTlac, qarTuli svinaqsaruli Txzulebebis umetesoba am princips amarTlebs (yvela maTgans ipoviT Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebis IV wignSi, romelic 1968w. gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo e. gabiZaSvilma). Cven aq warmovadgenT mxolod iseT svinaqsarul Txzulebebs, romlebic ar amarTlebs zemoaRniSnul damkvidrebul princips: igi an wyaro gaxda vrceli, Sesabamisi hagiografiuli TxzulebisaTvis, an kidev ama Tu im wmindanis Sesaxeb Seqmnili svinaqsaruli Txzuleba erTaderTia da mas Sesatyvisi vrceli ,,cxovreba” Tu ,,wameba” ar moepoveba – aseTi Txzuleba saerTod ar dawerila.

1. `efTvime mTawmidelis svinaqsaruli cxovreba~ pirveli aseTi qarTuli Zeglia, romelic Seiqmna efTvime mTawmidelis gardacvalebidan (1028w.) axlo xanebSi misi xsenebis dRis gangebaSi CasarTavad, xolo Tormeti an ToTxmeti wlis Semdeg giorgi mTawmidelma jer Seitana berZnulidan daax. 1042-1044ww. mis mierve naTargmn ,,did svinaqsarSi” (erTaderTi giorgis mier CarTuli qarTuli svinaqsaruli ,,cxovreba”), xolo Semdeg wyarod gamoiyena ,,ioanesa da efTvimes vrceli cxovrebis” weris dros (daax. 1044w.). e.i. am svinaqsarul ,,cxovrebas” ver gamokrebdnen jer kidev ararsebuli vrceli ,,cxovrebidan” (piriqiT ki – igi

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gaxda ZiriTadi wyaro vrcelisaTvis – ix. e. gabiZaSvili, eqvTime mTawmidelis cxovrebis svinaqsaruli redaqcia, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis oTxi Zegli (krebuli), Tb. 1965, gamokvleva (7-58) da teqsti (58-67). xelnawerebi: A-193 (XIs.); H-2211(XIs.) da sxv. mravali, gamocemulia (garda aRniSnulisa) giorgi mTawmidelis ,,cxovreba” iovanesi da efTvimesi, Tb., 1946, gv. 56-61 (svin. teqsti gamosac. moamzada m. kaxaZem); Zv. qarT. agiogr. lit-is Zeglebi, IV, Tb., 1968, gv. 331-345. literatura ix. gamocemaTa SesavalSi.

2. ,,micvalebaÁ netarisa mamisa Cuenisa proxorisi” ierusalimSi jvaris qarTuli monastris aRmaSenebelisa da damaarseblis proxores (1065; giorgi – proxoresac uwodebs zogierTi wyaro) Sesaxeb vrceli ,,cxovreba” ar dawerila (winaaRmdeg samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli zogierTi varaudisa) da misi vinaoba da Rvawli Semogvinaxa svinaqsarulma ,,cxovrebam”, romelic mogviTxrobs jvris monastris mSeneblobis istorias da dawerilia 1066-1070 ww.; Setanilia ,,didi svinaqsaris” XIs. nusxaSi (Yer. 24 da sxv.), romelic am monastris saaRape wignia. proxores svinaqsaruli ,,cxovreba” aRniSnuli da sxv. xelnawerebis mixedviT gamocemulia ramdenjerme; aq aRvniSnavT: Д. Кипшидзе, Житие Прохора... Известия Кавказского Истор.-Прхеолог. Института, II, 1917-1925, с. 58-68: Zveli qarT. agiogr. lit-is Zeglebi, IV, gv. 345-346; literatura: dasax. gamocemaTa Sesavali werilebi, agr. el. metreveli, masalebi palestinis qarT. koloniis istoriisaTvis, Tb., 1962, gv. 30-36.

3. `[wamebaÁ] wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa lukaÁsi” jvaris monastris winamZRvaris luka ierusalimelis TaviskveTiT dasjis faqti, romelic arabebma Caidines monastris warTmevis mizniT 1273w., aRwerilia lukas Sesaxeb svinaqsarul TxzulebaSi (vrceli ,,wameba” ar arsebula), romelic erTaderTi XIVs. teqstiT aris cnobili da es furceli gvian aris Cakerebuli zemonaxsenebze XIs. ,,didi svinaqsaris” xelnawerSi (Jer.-24 – saaRape wigni). gamocema da literatura ix. proxores svinaqsarul cxovrebasTan.

4. `[wamebaÁ] wmidisa axlisa mowamisa nikoloz dvalisaÁ~ nikoloz dvalis ,,wameba” mxolod svinaqsaruli redaqciiT aris cnobili (vrceli ,,wameba” ar arsebula) da mogviTxrobs ierusalimSi wminda adgilebis mosalocad klarjeTis erT-erTi monastridan Casuli nikolozis mowamebriv aRsasrulze (+1312w.), romelsac arabi amiras brZanebiT Tavi mohkveTes mahmadianur siwmideTa araerTgzis xelyofisaTvis. svnaqsaruli ,,wamebis” XIVs. teqstis Semcveli furceli CakinZulia XIs. xelnawerSi (Jer.-24). gamocemebi: ix. proxores svin. cxovrebis gamocemebTan, iqvea literaturac.

5. svinaqsari xatisa martomyofelisa da wmidisa mamisa antoni martomyofelisa. Txzuleba, romelsac Sesabamisi vrceli ,,cxovreba” ar moepoveba, dawerilia XVIIs. II naxevarSi da ,,swavlul kacTa komisiis” mier Setanilia ,,qarTlis

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cxovrebis” xelnawerTa damatebaSi. igi mogviTxrobs antonis Camosvlas siriidan, (V s.), edesis xelTuqmneli xatis xelTuqmneli aslis Camotanas da martyofis monastris daarsebis istorias.

antoni (saxelis dausaxeleblad) figurirebs ,,asurel mamaTa” cxovrebebSi, Tumca es wyaro ramdenime frazas moicavs mxolod. svinaqsaruli cxovrebis ZiriTadi wyaro ki aris arsen bulmaisimis Zis (XIIIs.) sagalobeli martyofis xatisa da antonis Sesaxeb. svinaqsaruli Txzulebis xelnawerebidan, uZvelesia A-1582 (XVIIs. II nax.), gamocemulia: ...Zeglebi, IV, 393-398 da ,,qarTlis cxovrebis” nusxebSi CanarTis saxiT (1955w. gamocema, I, gv. 212-214). literatura: k. kekeliZe, sakiTxi siriel moRvaweTa qarTlSi mosvlis Sesaxeb, etiudebi... I, 38-40; misive, Zv. qarT. lit-is istoria, I, gv. 207; e. gabiZaSvili, anton martomyofeli, ... Zeglebi, IV, gv. 218-225;

6. `[cxovrebaÁ] wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa amba alaverdelisa” erT-erTi sirieli mamisa ioane zedaznelis mowafis, alaverdis monastris damaarsebeli ioseb alaverdelis Sesaxeb mxolod svinaqsaruli ,,cxovreba” dauweriaT, isic sul gvian XVIIIs. I naxevarSi. misi wyaros migneba Znelia, radgan iosebi mxolod ramdenime fraziT moxseniebulia (saxelis gareSe) ioane zedaznelisa da Sio mRvimelis metafrasul ,,cxovrebebSi” (am ukanasknelSi is mowafeTa CamonaTvalSia), ase rom, ioseb alaverdelis svinaqsaruli ,,cxovreba” zogadi frazebiT Sekowiwebuli Txzulebis iers atarebs, dauweria igi erekle pirvelis asul makrine monazons (xelnaw. S-3269, XVIIIs. da sxv. gamocema ... Zeglebi, IV, 403-406; literatura: k. kekeliZe, meTvramete sauk. qarT. lit. istoriidan, IV, 241-251; e. gabiZaSvili, ioseb alaverdeli, ... Zeglebi, IV, gv. 233-238). m. qavTaria, Zv. qarTuli poeziis istoriidan, Tb., 1977, gv. 209-212.

7. `[cxovrebaÁ] Rirsisa mamisa Cuenisa dodo garejelisaÁ”. dodo garejeli iyo daviT garejelis mowafe, kaxeTis mcxovrebi, romelic monazvnad Sedga da daarsa dodorqis monasteri. am moRvawis Sesaxeb mxolod daviTis cxovrebis kimenur da metafrasul ,,cxovrebebSia” saubari, damoukidebeli ,,cxovreba” dodo garejelisa mxolod svinaqsaruli redaqciiT aris cnobili da isic Zalze gviandeli – 1726 wels erT svinaqsarul krebulSi (A-220). igi, savaraudoa, daeweros romanoz Tbilisis mitropolits, rodesac is garejaSi monazvnobda, cxadia, zemodasaxelebuli wyaroebis safuZvelze (gamocemulia... Zeglebi, IV, 415-418).

8. ,,wamebaÁ wmidisa da netarisa mefisa Cuenisa luarsabisi”. luarsabis ,,wamebis” svinaqsaruli redaqcia imiT aris sayuradRebo, rom daiwera besarion orabeliSvilis luarsabis vrcel ,,cxovrebaze” adre da nawilobriv gaxda misi wyaro (xel. A-130, 1713; A-183, XVIII), gamoc. m. sabinini, ,,saq. samoTxe”, gv. 580-

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582. Zv. qarT. agiogr. lit-is Zeglebi, IV, 433-437. literatura: e. gabiZaSvili, ... Zeglebi, IV, 300-307.

9. `[wamebaÁ] wm. mRdelmowamisa SioÁsi da moyvasTa misTa”. Txzuleba mxolod svinaqsaruli redaqciiT aris cnobili da mogviTxrobs lekebis mier garejis monastris darbevas da monazonTa daxocvas, romelic dauweria am ambis TviTmxilvels nikoloz maRalaSvils 1697-1700ww. (xeln. A-1367, 1700w.) gamocema: ,,saq. samoTxe”, 611-615; ... Zeglebi, IV, 440-442; lit. m. qavTaria, garejis lit. skola, 1965, 136-138; e. gabiZaSvili, ... Zeglebi, IV, 317-320.

danarTi

SeniSvnebi ramdenime hagiografiul Txzulebaze

1. aTonis mTis qarTuli monastris Xs. erT xelnawers (Ath.-8) daucavs ori mokle hagiografiuli Txzuleba: ,,wamebaÁ yrmaTa wmidaTaÁ ricxÂT cxraTaÁ, romeli iyvnes suliTa Zmani naTlisRebiTa wmidisagan embazisa, xolo Sobil iyvnes Tavis-Tavisa dedisagan TÂsisa” da ,,wmidaTa yrmaTa orTa ZmaTa daviTisi da tiriWanisi”. es xelnaweri XIXs. I naxevramde ar iyo cnobili saqarTveloSi (am dros Camoitanes am xelnaweridan gadawerili piri, amitom ver moxvda es Txzulebebi anton I-is ,,martirikaSi”). es xelnaweri Tu mTlianad ara, misi Semadgeneli garkveuli nawili Seicavs ara marto somxuri originaluri hagiografiis nimuSTa ramdenime Targmans, aramed bizantiuridan somxurad Targmnil TxzulebaTa qarTul Targmanebsac (xelnaweri damzadebulia samxreT saqarTveloSi, xolo Semdeg Catanilia aTonze). amdenad, bolomde garkveuli ar aris es Txzulebebi Tavidanve qarTulad daiwera Tu somxuri enidan iTargmna. arc erTi maTgani ar jdeba qarTul hagiografiul TxzulebaTa stilSi (,,kolaelTa wameba, taoSi, sof. kolaSi mtkvris saTaveSi mcirewlovani qristiani bavSvebis daxocvis ambavs mogviTxrobs warmarTi mSoblebis mier, ,,daviTisa da tariWanis wameba” ki taoSi somexi warmarTi biZis mier qristiani disSvilebis daxocvas memkvidreobis miRebis mizniT). Tu pirveli Txzuleba arc erT saxels ar asaxelebs garda ,,mtkurisa” da ,,kolasi”, raRac amorful, erovnulobisgan daclil Txzulebas warmoadgens, meore mxolod somxuri yofis gamomxatvelia da qarTuli sinamdvilis arc erTi miniSnebac ar aris. Cven gvgonia, rom isini Targmnili Txzulebebia, Tumca somxuri mwerlobis istoriaSi maTi kvali dRes aRar Cans (gamocemebi, ... Zeglebi, I, 1964, gv. 183-185 (kolaelebi); gv. 186-191 (daviT da tiriWani); Н. Марр, Тексты и разыскания... V, 1903, c. 55-61 ,,kolaelTa” qarT. teqsti rus. TargmaniT); il abulaZe, qarT. da somx. lit. erT-oba IX-XIs. 1944, gv. 178-186 (orive): literatura da gamocemebi SesavalSi, agr. iv.

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javaxiSvili, Zv. qarT. mwer. gv. 34-36; 37. Н. Марр, Из поездки на Афон, ЖМНП, 1889, Март, с. 21-22.

aqve aRvniSnavT XVIII-XIXss. Seqmnil ramdenime Txzulebas: gabriel mcire, cxovreba sqemosan onisiforesi, romelic mogviTxrobs garejis monastris XVIIIs. bolo meoTxedis monazvnis Sesaxeb, dawerili 1786-1787ww. (xeln. bodles. #8, gamoc. Zeglebi, V, 109-122), k. kekeliZe, ... istoria, I, gv. 371-376. misive mokle Txroba porfirisaTvis, axalgazrdobaSive gardacvlili Tavisi mowafis Sesaxeb (xeln. bod. #8; gamoc. ... Zeglebi, V, gv. 122-125; lit. oriveze iv. lolaSvili, mcire uwyeba qarTvelTa mweralTaTvis gv. 55-57 (aqvea gamoc. orive teqstic, 4-150; 150-151). spiridon grZeliSvili, cxovreba ... qristesia monazonisa, mogviTxrobs garejeli beris saintereso cxovrebas, dawerilia Txzuleba 1880w. (xel. H-40; 1892w. gamoc. ... Zeglebi, V, gv. 125-136), lit. iqve, gv. 200-201.

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,,martirikis” zogierTi enobriv-stilisturi

Tavisebureba*

anton bagrationis mravalmxriv SemoqmedebiT moRvaweobaSi qarTuli enis sakiTxebs erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs. antonis mier Sedgenili pirveli mecnieruli gramatika gamoxatavs avtoris Teoriul Sexedulebebs qarTuli enis Sesaxeb1, rac praqtikulad ganxorcielebulia mis literaturul TxzulebebSi da mis mowafeTa literaturul saqmianobaSi2.

antonis TxzulebaTa ena Tanamedrove mkvlevarTa saenaTmecniero SromebSi uaryofiT movlenad aris miCneuli da misi enobrivi Taviseburebebi Zveli qarTuli enis ucodinarobiTaa axsnili3. mas usayvedureben qarTuli enis bunebrivi ganviTarebis dabrkolebas, sasaubro enidan arqauli qarTulisaken mibrunebas, sulxan-saba orbelianisa da daviT guramiSvilis sada qarTuli enis gaxelovnurebas4.

antonis mravalricxovan naTargmn da originalur TxzulebaTagan mxolod umciresi nawilia gamoqveynebuli da amitom misi enis TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb ar arsebobs iseTi specialuri gamokvleva, romelic Seexeboda antonis mier daweril sxvadasxva Janris TxzulebaTa enis specifikas misive ,,sami stilis Teoriis” gaTvaliswinebiT. ,,sami stilis Teorias”, romelic gavrcelebuli iyo antonis Tanamedrove aRmosavluri da dasavluri enebis gramatikebSi (mag., somxurSi, rusulSi da sxv.)5, XIIs. wiaRSi moepoveba qarTulSi winamZRvrebi ioane petriwis Semoqmedebis saxiT6; antonic, upirveles yovlisa, Zveli qarTuli filosofiur-dogmatikuri mwerlobis tradiciebs emyareboda. amis magaliTia ,,martirikis” enac. Cven antonis enis TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb msjelobisas amjerad mxolod am hagiografiul krebulSi Sesul TxzulebaTa enis TaviseburebebiT SemovifarglebiT.

qarTuli hagiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, uZvelesi droidan XVIIIs. bolomde, iwereboda Zveli qarTuli eniT da maT qarTuli enis bunebrivi ganviTarebiT gamowveuli siaxleni safuZvlianad ar Sexebia. hagiografiuli

1 *daibeWda wignSi: Zveli qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi, VI, Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 525-586.e. babunaSvili, anton pirveli da qarTuli gramatikis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 1970.2 akaki SaniZe, anton I-is gavlena saliteraturo qarTulze, Tbilisi, 1964.3 akaki SaniZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 76.4 arn. Ciqobava, qarTuli enis zogadi daxasiaTeba, qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, t. I, Tbilisi, 1950, gv. 21.5 e. babunaSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 230.6 d. meliqiSvili, ioane petriwis filosofiur SromaTa ena da stili, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 59.

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mwerlobis ena arqauli da konservatulia. es exeba ara marto hagiografiuli Zeglebis enas, aramed saeklesio mwerlobis yvela dargis Zeglebs. amitom ar gvikvirs, rodesac sulxan-saba orbelianma, romlis ,,sibrZne sicruisa” TiTqmis axali qarTuli enis nimuSia, Tavisi ,,swavlani” Zveli saeklesio enis normebis mixedviT dawera.1

anton bagrationis ,,martirika” hagiografiuli Janris Zeglia da, amdenad, misi ena tradiciuli arqaulobiT gamoirCeva. amasTanave naTelia, rom qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis umetes ZeglebTan SedarebiT ,,martirikis” ena rTulia da stilisturad gansxvavebuli. upirveles yovlisa, es aixsneba im garemoebiT, rom ,,martirika” metafrasuli hagiografiis Janrs miekuTvneba. cnobilia, rom jer kidev XII saukuneSi Seqmnili qarTuli metafrasuli Janris iseTi Zeglebi, rogoricaa iovane zedaznelis, daviT garejelisa da sxvaTa cxovrebebi, enobriv-stilistikuri TaviseburebebiT sagrZnoblad gansxvavdeboda ,,SuSanikis wamebis”, ,,abos wamebis”, ,,grigol xancTelisa” da sxva msgavsi Zeglebis sada da naTeli enisagan. ,,martirikis” ena SedarebiT ufro axlosaa dasaxelebuli qarTuli metafrasuli hagiografiuli Zeglebis enasTan Janrobrivi specifikis gamo. amasTanave aRsaniSnavia, rom antonis SemoqmedebiT Tvalsazriss, rogorc Cans, metafrasuli Janri ufro kargad Seewyo, radgan aq arsebobda saSualeba konkretulad mowameze saubris dawyebamde avtors yuradReba gaemaxvilebina misTvis da mkiTxvelisaTvis saintereso filosofiur-dogmatikur Tu eTikur-esTetikur sakiTxebze. es kargad Cans ,,martirikaSi” Sesuli ocive Txzulebis Sesaval nawilebSi. sayuradReboa Semdegic: TiToeuli Txzulebis Sesavali nawili ufro rTuli enobriv-stilistikuri normebiTaa dawerili, vidre amave Txzulebis is nawili, romelic uSualod mowamis cxovreba-moRvaweobas exeba, radgan Sua saukuneebis qarTuli filosofiur-dogmatikuri mwerlobis tradiciebiT filosofiur traqtats da istoriul-biografiul nawarmoebs sxvadasxva stili Seesabameboda. amasTanave gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom ,,martirikaSi” Sesul TiToeul Txzulebas saTaurSi ,,Sesxma da moTxroba” ewodeba, maSasadame, mowamis cxovrebiseuli faqtebis gadmocemasTan erTad TxzulebaSi panegirikuli Janris damaxasiaTebeli pasaJebic mravlad aris warmodgenili. panegirikuli, anu SesxmiTi nawili zogjer win uswrebs mowamis biografiuli cnobebis Semcvel nawils, xolo ufro xSirad ki mosdevs mas da iseTive gansakuTrebulad paTetiuri, amaRlebuli ritorikuli maneriTaa dawerili, rogorsac bizantiur mwerlobaSi am Janris udides warmomadgenelTa _ basili didis, grigol nazianzelis, grigol noselis, ioane oqropirisa da sxvaTa mier Seqmnil ,,SesxmebSi”, anu ,,enkomiebSi” vxvdebiT. Zvel qarTvel hagiografTagan antonis winamorbedad ioane sabanisZis dasaxeleba SeiZleba,

1 iv. gigineiSvili, sulxan-saba orbelianis enisaTvis, sulxan-saba orbeliani, siubiuleo krebuli, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 33.

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romlis TxzulebaSi (,,wamebaÁ aboÁsi”) istoriul-biografiuli nawili ,,SesxmasTan” aris gaerTianebuli. mogviano periodidan ki, albaT, besarion orbeliSvilis ,,biZina, Salva da elizbaris Sesxma da wameba” unda davasaxeloT.

amrigad, anton bagrationis ,,martirikis” enis sirTule da ,,xelovnuroba” ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia Zeglis Janrobrivi specifikiT, kerZod, filosofiur-dogmatikuri da hagiografiul-panegirikuli mwerlobis dargebis specifikuri enobriv-stilisturi tradiciebisa da Zveli qarTuli enis normebis dacvis surviliT. sxva sakiTxia, rogor agrZelebs antoni Tavis winamorbedTa am tradiciebs, arRvevs Tu ara Sua saukuneebis filosofiur-ritorikuli stilis Taviseburebebsa da Zveli qarTuli enis normebs, moipoveba Tu ara antonis nawerebSi iseTi enobriv-stilisturi monacemebi, romlebic mxolod antonisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. am sakiTxze pasuxis gacema gaWirdeba martooden antonis romelime Txzulebidan amoglejil nawyvetze dayrdnobiT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, miRebuli STabeWdilebis gavrceleba mTlianad antonis enaze Secdoma iqneboda. saWiroa, rom saboloo daskvnebi antonis enis TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb TiToeuli Txzulebis enis Seswavlis safuZvelze gakeTdes. amis magaliTia antonis gramatikul TxzulebaTa Seswavla1, ris Sedegadac bevri ram naTeli gaxda antonis enis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. a. SaniZis naSromi ,,anton I-is gavlena saliteraturo qarTulze” eZRvneba antonis literaturuli skolis moRvaweTa mier saeklesio beWdur wignebSi Setanil enobriv cvlilebebs antonis normebis mixedviT da, konkretulad, TviT antonis TxzulebaTa enas ar exeba.

,,martirikis” pirvel gamocemasTan dakavSirebiT uxerxulad CavTvaleT, araferi gveTqva am Zeglis enis Sesaxeb. winamdebare werils araviTar SemTxvevaSi ara aqvs anton bagrationis enis ramdenadme sruli Seswavlis pretenzia TviT ,,martirikis” teqstis farglebSic ki, magram teqstze muSaobis procesSi SemCneuli zogierTi Taviseburebis aRniSvna sasargeblod miviCnieT.

Tavidanve SevniSnavT, rom marTalia, Cven SevecadeT es Taviseburebebi tradiciuli TanmimdevrobiT warmogvedgina, magram zogierT sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT es principi darRveuli aRmoCndeba, radgan zogjer saWiro gaxda sakiTxis kompleqsurad ganxilva.

orTografia

umarcvlo u. umarcvlo u ,,martirikaSi” Zveli qarTuli enis ZeglebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT xSirad ixmareba. antoni umarcvlo u-s swers ara marto Zveli qarTuli enis normebis Sesabamisad, aramed iseT SemTxvevebSic, sadac misi gamoyeneba moulodnelia.

1 e. babunaSvili, dasax. naSromi.

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av TemisniSnian zmnaTa sawyisebi ,,martirikaSi” TiTqmis mxolod umarcvlo u-Ti arian warmodgenilni: coduaTa (49,4), marxÂTa (43,14), Serisxuad (45,32), Sekruad (96,31), gankiTxÂTa (112,22), SemusruaÁ (115,25), baZuad (89,6), ganbZaruad (253,35), gardasaxluad (26,23) da sxva uamravi. bunebrivia, aseve umarcvlo u-Tia warmodgenili av TemisniSniani zmnebidan nawarmoebi yvela saxis mimReobaTa umravlesoba: mhazrueli (272,10), saWiruelTa (283,18), mxiluelni (18,9), mkuleli (18,33).

sawyisebis Zveli qarTuli enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli swori formiT xmarebis ramdenime magaliTi saerTo suraTs ver cvlis:

bZarviTa (316,7), locvisa (31,19), mofardviT (34,4), ganwualvisa (39,26), tyuenvad (258,37), gankargvisa (268,4), SewurviT (413,29), wartyuenvisa (57,7). ,,martirikaSi” Cveulebriv umarcvlo u-Tia mocemuli zmnis pirian formebSi TemisniSniseuli v, Tuki mis win Tanxmovania warmodgenili: daicua (41,17), daidua (59,14), gardahyua (42,34), ganabrwyinua (99,16) da sxva.

erTi sityviT, umarcvlo u-s xmarebis erTaderTi kanonzomiereba, romelic SeiZleba dadgindes ,,martirikaSi”, ase unda CamovayaliboT: Tanxmovnis Semdeg v-s nacvlad iwereba umarcvlo u, miuxedavad imisa, rom v Tanxmovnis Semdeg igi aRmoCnda kumSvis Sedegad; xolo xmovnis Semdeg gamonaklisis gareSe iwereba v. es kanonzomiereba ,,martirikis” teqstebSi ZiriTadad gatarebulia, Tumca mas sakmao gamonaklisebic aqvs. Cven zemoT movitaneT ramdenime iseTi sawyisi, sadac dadasturebulia v. maT garda ramdenime aTeuli magaliTi SeiZleba daiZebnos, sadac Zveli qarTuli enis normebi daculia. survili (275,8 da xSirad), hgulvides (275,18), Svilo (259,11 da ramdenime sxva), ltolvili (235,11), brwyinvid (290,18), warmostyuenvida (373,18), mislvisa (345,13), anu xilvida (406,19), Sehmusrvides (406,29), ixilvida (413,6) ganvida (413,23), mtarvalTa (32,4), dawurvili (33,26), wartyuenviTa (56,25), qurjnvili (95,7), geSiSvi (226,21), SeemhsWualvis (40,28), gankargvidis (89,3), Sewirvodes (116,6), Semusrvili (131,8), aReZrcvodes (149,16), dahfarvida (162,6), Seikrvodes (183,21), maqvs (218,26). CamoTvlili magaliTebi, SesaZlebelia, mTlianad ar amowuravs msgavsi formebis ricxvs ,,martirikaSi”, magram amave sityvebis umarcvlo u-Ti xmarebis SemTxvevebi gacilebiT metia. isic unda iTqvas, rom zemoT CamoTvlili v-iani formebis nawili modis im citatebze, romlebic Tavis TxzulebebSi antons axali da Zveli aRTqmis wignebidan Seutania. Znelia davadginoT raime kanonzomiereba CamoTvlili da msgavsi v-iani formebis xmarebisa, magram erTi SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom aseTi magaliTebis umetesoba modis av TemisniSniani zmnebis uwyvetlis III piris formebze (aRuxilvida, dahfarvida, Sehmusrvides, brwyinvida, ixilvida da sxv.). ,,martirikaSi” umarcvlo u-Tia warmodgenili is sityvebi, romlebsac ZirSi v aqvT: ruali, adÂli, ianuari, iunisi, qarTuÀli, queli (da misgan nawarmoebi

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kompozitebi). cualeba, nacualad, wualebaÁ (ganwualebaÁ), sazRuari, piruÀli, qua.

antonis ,,gataceba” v-s umarcvlo u-Ti SecvliT ise Sorsaa wasuli, rom ramdenime SemTxvevaSi umarcvlo u-Tia warmodgenili subieqturi I piris niSanic: ,,...raTa ganubanoca piri Seni” (95,15) ,,aRuavsoT... ekklesiaÁ” (132,18), ,,aRuadginoT...” (132,23) ,,ukeTu aRuasuleo Tananadebi...” (408,29) ,,ara qÂSasa zeda aRuaSene saxli qristes... mimarT” (276,12) ,,aRusTquam ukue msmenelad...” (38,34).

aRsaniSnavia, rom erTxel nawilaki ve TanxmovanfuZian saxelis Semdeg antons Tu Txzulebis gadamwers uÀ kompleqsad uqcevia: ,,esferuÀ RaRadebda” (262,15). aqvea aRsaniSnavi ramdenime sityvaSi iv formantis iu-Ti daweris SemTxvevebi: ,,SiSuliu (338,18), RuTiu (327,17,18). albaT, motanili magaliTebi ufro SemTxveviTia, amitom is ver Secvlis im saerTo suraTs, sadac subieqturi I piris v, ve nawilaki da iv formanti uamrav SemTxvevaSi sworadaa warmodgenili.

cnobilia, rom XVIII saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis ZeglebSi sapirispiro suraTia dadasturebuli: umarcvlo u-s adgils TandaTanobiT v iWers. mTeli am uzarmazari teqstis manZilze mxolod ramdenime magaliTi Segvxvda am saxisa da isic erTgvarovani: I obieqturi piris niSnad mravlobiTSi zogjer gvaqvs ara gu, aramed gv: Segviracxies (183,14), gviyiden (277,23), gviRirs (41,32) mogviyuanna (85,20), mogviRebies (138,19). miuxedavad am ramdenime magaliTisa (maTi ricxvi SeiZleba metic iyos), ,,martirikis” teqstSi ZiriTadad I obieqturi piris niSnad mravlobiT ricxvSi gu ixmareba. sxva magaliTebidan davasaxelebT: maxvili (280,25), Tumca imave winadadebaSi maxÂli-c gvxvdeba (280,28), da yviTel (352,15).

unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierT sityvaSi umarcvlo u aRar ixmareba: ukeTu, Tqma (da misgan nawarmoebi Tqmuli, saTqmeli), kmeva, sakmeveli, sakmevi, Ãmeva, ukana, ukanaÁskneli, aRxma. da, piriqiT, umarcvlo u ganviTarebulia iq, sadac Zvelad ar gvqonda: mRudeli da misgan nawarmoeb yvela sityvaSi: samRudelo, umRudvelo da sxv. swored aseTi formidan ganviTarda (u-s v-d qceviT) dRevandeli forma _ `mRvdeli~.

À aso. ,,martirikaSi” gamonaklisis gareSe, Tu umarcvlo u-s e xmovani mosdevs, is aucileblad À-s formiTaa warmodgenili. cnobilia, rom Zvel qarTulSi À difTongs aRniSnavda da e + Á Sexvedris dros iwereboda. Cans, À-s amgvarma gagebam TandaTan dakarga azri da ukve IX_XI saukuneebis zogierT ZeglSi mas mxolod orTografiuli niSnis funqciaRa SerCa. ,,martirikaSi” arc erTi SemTxveva ar gvxvdeba iseTi, rom umarcvlo u-s e mosdevdes: is aucileblad À-formiT iqneba warmodgenili. amasTanave À-s arasodes ar aqvs e + Á difTongis gageba, rac iqidanac Cans, rom Tu e-ze daboloebul sityvas Á mosdevs, iwereba ara À, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, aramed eÁ: mefeÁ, cixeÁ, saqmeÁ, marjueneÁ,

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sikeTeÁ da a.S. oriode magaliTSi naxmaria meufÀ (241,29. 357,1) da isic wyarod gamoyenebuli citatidan unda iyos meqanikurad gadmosuli, radganac meufÀo (299,6, 367,28) da marjuÀÁ (VI, 190, 162) formebSi SeuZlebelia À-s xmarebis raime kanonzomierebaze laparaki.

hs kompleqsi. hs kompleqsi ,,martirikaSi” Zalian gavrcelebulia ixmareba rogorc zmnebis pirian formebSi, aseve zogjer sawyisebsa da mimReobebSi. igi ixmareba Semde SemTxvevebSi: Tu zmnis fuZe TanxmovniT iwyeba, antonis marTlweris mixedviT mas TavSi h unda davurToT, romelic zogjer gadahyveba mas sawyisebSi da mimReobebSic: vhpove, hrbieT, hyÂan, mhrqua da sxva, xolo im zmnebs da Sesabamis sawyisebs da mimReobebs, romelTa fuZeebi d, T, t, m, c, w, j, C, W TanxmovnebiT iwyebian, yovelTvis win erTvis hs kompleqsi: aRhsdges, hsTqua, ganhsTesna, davhscÂveniT, ganhsZRes da a.S. aseve sahsjeli, hsjuli, aRhspoba (201,19), ,,mhsgavsni” (194,17) da sxva. h da s zogjer gaTiSulia: SehvswiravT (367,30), hmsTavrobda (269,17; 272,20) da sxva. hs kompleqsis xmarebis aRniSnuli wesebidan gadaxvevis SemTxvevebic sakmao raodenobiT SeiZleba Segvxvdes.

Ã-sa da x-s aRreva. ,,martirikaSi” orive aso Zveli qarTuli enis normebis mixedviTaa gamoyenebuli, Tumca zogjer Tavs iCens gviandeli qarTulis tendencia Ã-is magier x-is xmarebisa: ,,da aha aRmoixada maÃÂli...” (367,36), ..romlisaTÂs aramcired miexadebis patiJi...” (369,10), magram: ,,ese ukue patiJi, romel mihÃada RmerTman...” (395,22), anda ,,moiÃseneT da survili igi Cemi...” (275,11). gvaqvs piriqiTac: mosalodneli maxÂli-s nacvlad zogjer gvxvdeba maÃÂli (367,36) da sxv.

÷ naxevarxmovani. antonma mis mier Sedgenil qarTuli enis gramatikaSi qarTul enaSi manamde arsebul asoTa ricxvs somxuri enis mibaZviT daumata ÷ naxevarxmovani. misi azriT, am asos CarTva gaaadvilebda ramdenime erTad Tavmoyrili Tanxmovnis gamoTqmas. antoni miuTiTebs, rom am asos werilobiT gamosaxva saWiroa maSin, rodesac gadasatani sityvis TavSi an boloSi uxmovnod rCeba ramdenime Tanxmovani1. ÷ naxevarxmovnis CarTva sityvis Sesabamis adgilas Seqmnis marcvals da gadatanis wesebi aRar dairRveva: mag., mpy÷r-obelTa (A, 143,24) hs÷r-bian (A, 144,25) b÷r-Zana (A, 344,10) da sxv. ,,martirikaSi” es wesi gatarebulia mxolod nawilobriv: ÷ niSani gvxvdeba gadasatani sityvis pirvel nawilSi. mTeli teqstis manZilze ÷-s xmarebis ramdenime aTeuli SemTxvevaa dadasturebuli. rogorc cnobilia, es niSani ver damkvidrda qarTul enaSi. igi gamosacemad momzadebul ,,martirikis” teqstSi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.

ф aso. rogorc cnobilia, qarTul enas Tavidanve hqonda da aqvs wyvilbagismieri bgera f. Zveli berZnulidan gadmotanili sityvebi, romlebic

1 dawvrilebiT ix. a. SaniZe, anton I-is gavlena saliteraturo qarTulze, Tbilisi, 1964, gv. 9-16.

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φ-s (aseve wyvilbagismier bgeras) Seicavdnen, f niSniT gadmohqondaT. rodesac berZnuli φ-s gamoTqma Seicvala da is kbilbagismier bgerad iqca, laTinursa da evropul enebSi mas gamoxatavdnen f asos saSualebiT. somxurmac SeiTvisa es bgera da mas ф grafikuli gamoxatuleba misca, romelic berZnuli warmoSobisaa. qarTulSic iyo cda daemkvidrebinaT es bgera da sulxan-saba orbelianma Tavis leqsikonSi Seitana misi berZnuli moxazuloba ф. anton I-ma mas ф-s moxazuloba misca da ise daamkvidra Tavis naSromebSi, rac Semdeg misi mowafeebis nawerebSic gavrcelda1. ,,martirikaSi” es aso ixmareba ucxo enebidan (umetesad berZnulidan) Semosul sakuTarsa da sazogado saxelebSi. qvemoT CamoTvlili saxelebi da sityvebi yovelTvis mxolod ф-Tia warmodgenili: фilosoфiisa (12,23), фrasTa (14,10), sфeraÁ (36,7), ukuhsфerdebis (253,20). ukunmsфerebi (228,29), porфiri (72,17), фantaziani (42,25), sapфironisa (110,26), morфinakueTobiTiTa (42,1), фinikisani (137,18), pastoфorni (176,24), metaфrasi (341,17), фialisa (358,23), seraфim (270,21), фaraoÁsa (195,21), yaramфil (67,10), фarsistanisa (63,19), anakoфiisasa (76,1), evфratiulTa (247,37), aфots (ese igi фotios 96,18), фarsman (118,16), neoфite (128,24), steфanes (133,11), xristoфoris (135,8), aфroditisa (258,33), фoka (343,1), remфasi (406,35), evфratisasa (347,21). ai, TiTqmis yvela sityva, romelic ,,martirikaSi” ф-iTaa gadmocemuli. aqve davsZenT, rom erTxel Zireuli qarTuli sityvac ф-iT aris warmodgenili: фicarni (339,2). es aso-niSani ver SeiTvisa qarTulma enam da misi gaTvaliswineba ar vcaniT saWirod gamosacemad momzadebul ,,martirikis” teqstSi. aseTi formebi variantebSic aRar gviCvenebia.

sasveni da diakritikuli niSnebi. antoni ,,martirikaSi” ZiriTadad iyenebs im sasven niSnebs, romlebic adrindel xelnawerebSi da pirvel nabeWd wignebSi gvxvdeba, magram cdilobs maT xmarebas myari xasiaTi misces. orwertili sistematurad ixmareba dRevandeli wertilis mniSvnelobiT: ,,viTar sadame warmitaco me:” (abzacis bolo). mZime ixmareba daaxloebiT dRevandeli mZimis mniSvnelobiT: ,,mjdomare ars marjueniT mamisa, romelica mosulad ars didebiT, raTa WeSmaritebiT msaxurni...” (144,35).

antoni sityvebis gadatanisas xmarobs defiss, misi terminologiiT _ qvenaSTs.

moxrili warmoadgens kauWis msgavs niSans, rkaliT zeviT mimarTuls. igi daerTvis kiTxviTi winadadebis bolo sityvis bolo asos2 da wodebiTSi dasmul im saxelebs, romelTac wodebiTis niSani ara aqvT da garegnulad ar gansxvavdebian saxelobiTisa da moTxrobiTis formebisagan. moxrili daerTvis eha Sorisdebuls, wodebiTis Ä-sac.

1 iqve, gv. 17-19.2 teqnikuri mizezebis gamo im niSnis xmarebis magaliTebs ver vaCvenebT.

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,,martirikaSi” sistematurad ixmareba e.w. ipodiastoli, anu garemorTxmuli, romelic ,,warmoadgens mcire rkalis nawils, horizontalurad gadakveTils”1

( + ). es niSani ,,martirikaSi” gamoyenebulia rTuli sityvebis anu kompozitebis dawerilobis dros, agreTve tmesis SemTxvevaSic. es niSani Tanamedrove qarTulSi xmarebuli defisis Sesatyvisia: mraval+ferTa (148,22), win+daudebdes (148,22), ixmareba agreTve sityvis gaorkecebisas: did+didni, ferad+feradi, kacad+kacadi... amave niSniT wers antoni meSvelzmnian formebs: erT ars, saxeldebul+ars da a.S.

aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom kompozitis gadatanisas striqonidan striqonze garemorTxmuli sityvis pirvel nawilsac aqvs boloSi da meore nawilsac dasawyisSi: mraval+-+mTisaTa (257,7, 436,28). sainteresoa antonis mier qarTulSi SemoRebuli diakritikuli anu gasarCevi niSnebi. bevr sxvadasxva enaSi aseTi niSnebis gamoyeneba aucileblobiTaa gamowveuli (zogierT evropul enaSi, rusulSi, semitur enebSi da sxv.). qarTulSi misi xmareba antonamde ar gvxvdeboda. umarcvlo u-s niSani Zv. qarTulSi ar iyo, marcvliani da umarcvlo u erTnairad iwereboda. antonma maT gansasxvaveblad umarcvlo u-s Tavze kuTxiT zemoT mimarTuli patara samkuTxedi dauwera. es niSani antonma, rogorc Cans, somxuris mibaZviT Semoitana.

klebuli, romelic warmoadgens mcire rgolaks (º), antonis orTografiiT, iwereba adamianis saxelis ukanaskneli asos Tavze, Tu saxeli winadadebaSi subieqtad (qvemdebared) aris naxmari da moTxrobiT brunvaSi dgas. rogorc cnobilia, Zvel qarTulSi adamianis saxeli moTxrobiT brunvaSi brunvis niSnis gareSe, fuZis saxiTaa warmodgenili da formiT igi emTxveva amave saxelis saxelobiTsa da wodebiTs. swored saxelobiTisa da wodebiTisagan gasarCevad gamoiyena antonma moTxrobiTi brunvisaTvis es niSani: ,,gamohsaxa TÂs zeda niSi... wmidaman daviT= da miugo” (162,17) da sxv. es niSani antons somxuri enis gavleniT SemouRia2.

maxvili ,,martirikaSi” ramdenime mniSvnelobiT aris gamoyenebuli: a) maxvili, romelic warmoadgens marjvnidan marcxniv iribad daxril xazs, daesmis sityvis ukanasknel asos da aRniSnavs, rom es sityva pirdapiri obieqtia, romelsac antoni ,,saZiebos” uwodebs: ,,rameTu Seukrnes Ãelni= da ferÃni=” (166,37), magram: ,,ufalman locuaÁ Cemi Seiwynara” (243,18). rogorc vxedavT, maxvili ar uzis ,,locuaÁ” sityvas, radgan, antonis gramatikuli moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, ,,locuaÁ” SemasmenlobiT brunvaSia iseve, rogorc zemoT moyvanil winadadebaSi mocemuli sxva sityvebic: Ãelni, ferÃni. locuaÁ gamorCeulia imiT, rom is xmovanze damTavrebuli saxelia, ¡ ki uCvenebs, rom is aris ara saxelobiTSi,

1 a. SaniZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 29.2 a. SaniZe, dasax. naSr. gv. 22.

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aramed SemasmenlobiTSi, amitom mas maxvili aRar sWirdeba (unda gavixsenoT, rom SemasmenlobiTi brunva antonisaTvis mxolod pirdapiri damatebis brunvaa da Semotanilia sxva enebSi arsebuli braldebiTi brunvis badlad. antoni xmovanfuZian saxelTa saxelobiT brunvas ZiriTadad fuZis saxiT gadmoscems iseve, rogorc wrfelobiTs da maTze Á-s darTviT awarmoebs SemasmenlobiTs, arcTu iSviaTad antonTan saxelobiTSic gvxvdeba Á). maxvili daerTvis nacvalsaxelsac, Tuki is pirdapiri obieqtis funqciiT aris naxmari.

b) Tu maxvili zmnis pirian formas daesmis, is aRniSnavs, rom forma warTqmiT brZanebiTia. maxvili zmnis ukanasknel xmovans moudis. Tu brZaneba ukuTqmiTia (e.i. akrZalviTi), maSin maxvili daesmis uaryofiT nawilaks (ara, nu). ara da ver uaryofiT nawilakebs da maTgan nawarmoeb rTul nawilakebs maxvili daerTvis zmnis TxrobiTi da kavSirebiT formebTanac1 (maxvili ara-Si yovelTvis pirvel xmovanzea).

daqaragmeba da misi niSnebi. Zveli qarTuli xelnawerebisagan gansxvavebiT, antoni ,,martirikaSi” iyenebs ramdenime saxis daqaragmebis niSans. misi gramatikis pirveli redaqciis mixedviT qaragmis saxeebia: 1. sauflo, 2. samTavro, 3. sazogado da 4. saÃmovno. sauflo qaragma, romelic asomTavrul R-s hgavs, e.w. ,,wmida” sityvebis Semosakleblad ixmareba (Ri, iÂ, qe, ui, wÁ, angs, ksi da a.S.). samTavro qaragma ,,did asoebs amoklebs” (x, r...), sayovelTao anu sazogado Cveulebrivi sityvebis Sesamokleblad ixmareba (ad, ve, rlsa da a.S.), xolo ,,saÃmovano” _ mxolod xmovnebis Sesamokleblad (Cmi, Sni da sxv.)2. gramatikis meore redaqciaSi antonma qaragmebis dajgufeba da terminologia Secvala, magram qaragmebis niSnebsa da gamoyenebis wesSi cvlileba ar Seutania3.

qaragmis dawerilobis forma da xmarebis wesebi ,,martirikaSi” praqtikulad am sakiTxebze antonis Teoriul msjelobebs asaxavs.

fonetikis zogierTi sakiTxi

a. SaniZe aRniSnavs, rom ,,antoni ar cnobs saWirod, daicvas zogierTi fonetikuri wesi, romlebic saukuneoebrivi literaturuli tradiciiT iyo ganmtkicebuli qarTulSi, da arRvevs mas”4. vnaxoT, ra mdgomareoba gvaqvs ,,martirikaSi”.

1 antonis Teoriuli msjeloba orTografiis sakiTxebze da misi analizi ixileT e.babunaSvilis naSromSi ,,anton pirveli da qarTuli gramatikis sakiTxebi”, Tbilisi, 1970, gv. 28-77.2 e. babunaSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 64. qaragmis niSnebs teqnikuri mizezebis gamo ver vaCvenebT.3 iqve, gv. 65-66.4 a. SaniZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 32.

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TanxmovanTa gaorkeceba. qarTul enaSi, Cveulebriv, TanxmovanTa gaorkeceba morfologiuri xasiaTisaa da fuZiseuli da sufiqs-afiqsiseuli erTnairi bgerebis Sexvedrisas warmoiSoba: waravlinna igini, Cemman, cxenni, TiTTa, sasmissa, ggonies, mmosies da sxv. mravali. samagierod, Zalian iSviaTia SemTxvevebi, rom ori erTnairi Tanxmovani gvqondes sityvis fuZeSi (TTue, CCÂli).

qarTuli enis fonetikuri wesebis mixedviT, ucxo warmoSobis sityvebSi ori erTnairi Tanxmovnidan erT-erTi Cveulebriv ikargeba. amis dasturad uamravi magaliTebis motana SeiZleba Zveli qarTuli Zeglebidan. antoni sxva Tvalsazriss adgas: misi azriT, ucxo enidan nasesxeb sityvaSi orive Tanxmovani SenarCunebuli unda iyos qarTulSic. am princips is ,,martirikaSic” atarebs:

,,da saxeli misi emmanuil” (405,8),,hrqua wmidaman susanna...” (93,26 da mravaljer),,moiyuana colad asuli gurielisa anna” (23,24),,mokuda dedofali anna” (23,25),,romliTa vRaRadebT: ,,abba, mamao” (108,5),,ara Semindobs me ekklesiaÁ” (24,5),,SehsWirda ekklesiaTaTÂs” (26,30 da yovelTvis),,kellinsa Sina TÂssa univToTa locuaTa Semwirueli”... (133,1),,ellinTa mimarT qmnilTasa” (47,14).,,galoben... elinni“ (27,30) iSviaTi gamonaklisia; albaT, meore l meqanikurad

aris gamotovebuli. Zveli qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ,,TTue” da ,,CCÂli” ,,martirikaSi” yovelTvis ase iwereba, miuxedavad imisa, rom XVIII saukunis antonamdel ZeglebSi bunebrivia Tue-s xmareba.

,,martirikaSi” miTiTebuli wyaroebis dasaxelebebSi yovelTvis gvxvdeba: filipp.. e.i. pavles epistole filipelTa mimarT. ,,abba” uZveles qarTul ZeglebSic dasturdeba.

disimilacia. asimilacia. ucxo warmoSobis sityvebi qarTulSi disimilaciis wess iseve eqvemdebareba, rogorc Zireuli leqsika: mag., margaliti (Sdr. berZ. margarites). antoni arRvevs am wess da am sityvas berZnulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli aradisimilirebuli formiT warmogvidgens: ,,aha margaritni usasyidloni” (173,34). aseve, sakuTar saxels grigol, romelic am saxiT didi xania damkvidrda qarTulSi,1 antoni yovelTvis grigori formiT xmarobs: ,,garna grigori... moiTria mÃeci igi” (414,8).

1 a. SaniZe, i. xmovanfuZian anTropinamTa brunebis istoriisaTvis qarTulSi, Tbilisis universiteti, giorgi axvlediani, Tbilisi, 1969, gv. 131-144.

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aseve, zesTa amosaval formas xmarobs antoni Zvel qarTulSi ukve damkvidrebul zeSTa-s nacvlad: ,,yovliTurT zesTa eqmnebis mogebiTa TÂs Soris qriste” (185,23), ,,romelmanca zesTa soflisa aRamaRla igi...” 276,36.

aqve unda ganvixiloT zmnis iseTi formebi, romlebic, Cveulebriv, Zvel qarTulSi Serwymuli saxiT gvxvdeba: mac, gac, ac da maTi Tana da Zal-Tan SeerTebiT miRebuli Sedgenili zmnebi: Tana-mac, Tana-gac, Tana-ac, Zal-mic, Zal-gic, Zal-uc. ,,Rrammatikisa kanonsa zeda ganmarTua” moiTxovs, rom sityvis forma naTeli iyos, rom ar iyos igi dabnelebuli fonetikuri wesebis Carevis gamo”.1 amitomaa, rom antoni aRadgens am zmnaTa amosaval formebs:

,,ara Tana-maZsa Tqmad” (408,30),,garna Tana-ganZsT, raTa...” (412,18),,garna Tana-gaZs Tquen saWirod” (181,4),,vina Tana-maZs me saWirod” (238,32),,viTar-igi cxovel-mxatuarTa Tana-aZs” (108,30),,vervis Zal-uZs mRudelmoqmedebad” (41,24),,Tana-guaZs, Svilo, raTa warvhgzavnoT” (407,33),,Tu sadame Zal-uZs morevnaÁ” (24,33)da raÁca Tana-aZsT qristianeTa...” (134,16 da sxva uamravi). martirikaSi arcTu

iSviaTadaa dadasturebuli magaliTebi, rodesac es formebi asimilirebuli formiT gvxvdeba:

,,romelsaca Zal-ucs, viTarca” (221,20),,sulisa Zal-ucs Sesulad sasufevelsa RmrTisasa” (407,25),,Zal-gicsa sasmeli, romelsa me Sehvsuam, Sesmad” (120,24),,visa Tana-guacs sikudili...” (132,13) da sxva.berZnulidan momdinare zogierTi sityvis daweriloba. berZnulidan

momdinare os daboloebiani sakuTari da sazogado saxelebi qarTulSi zogjer os, zogjer ki oz daboloebiT gvxvdeba. SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom antoni ,,martirikaSi” am saxelebs mxolod os daboloebiT xmarobs: aq Cveulebrivia episkopos, kaTalikos, angelos, filosofos, patrikos, nikolaos, suqios, xrisos, gaios, matTeos, barbaros, lukianos, polievktos, kondratos, evqrios, mimianos, nergos, domentianos, andrianos, zosimos, viktorios, Talalos, orbanos, anastasios, iakobos, Teodosatos.

,,martirikis” teqstSi dadasturebuli angeloz tipis oriode magaliTi SemTxveviT Cans da Zveli qarTuli teqstebis gavleniT unda aixsnas.

radgan berZnulidan saxelebis gadmotanis sakiTxs SevexeT, unda aRvniSnoT, rom antoni uaryofs maTe-s tradiciul formas da mas berZnulis msgavsad

1 a. SaniZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 39.

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mxolod matTe-s formiT xmarobs1 (igi mas xSirad imowmebs saxarebidan gadmotanili citatebis dros).

zogierTi forma axalberZnulis mixedviT. rogorc cnobilia, berZnul enaSi, saidanac qarTvelebi qristianobis miRebis dRidan Targmnidnen literaturul Zeglebs, droTa ganmavlobaSi bevri xmovnisa da Tanxmovnis gamoTqma Seicvala, Tumca maTi daweriloba igive darCa. marTalia, es procesi berZnulSi Vs.-Si ukve damTavrebuli Cans2, magram berZnuli Zveli gamoTqmis amsaxveli formebi didxans darCa qarTulSi. axali gamoTqmis asaxva qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT gacilebiT gvian, XI-XIIss-dan SeimCneva. es exeba berZnul h-s, romelic i-d iqca, aseve gadmoscemen β-s v-d, g-s R-d, f-s ф-d, xolo X-s (romelic Zvel wyaroebSi q-d gadmodioda) x-d. antonma, romelmac berZnuli TbilisSi myof parTeni pamfiliis mitropolitTan iswavla3, albaT, aRiqva es cvlilebebi da Tavis nawerebSi zemodasaxelebuli bgeraTa Semcveli sityvebi axleburi orTografiiT daamkvidra. ,,martirikaSi” mxolod aseTi formebi gvxvdeba: amin (Zv. amen). ,,martirikis” yvela Txzulebis bolos; ilia (Zv. elia): ,,da mas Sina memxoloebaÁ iliasi Tezbitelisa TÂs Soris moigo...” (125,21; 416,19). ierusalim//ierosalim (Zv. ierusalem, 251,1; 132,28; da sxva), irodi (herode, 18,33; 19,20), daniil (daniel) ,,STaagdes daniil barbarosTa...” (397,20, 348,15 da sxv. mravali), israil (Zv. israel, 411,2; 404,16; 404,12; 395,2 da sxv. mr. , isaia (Zv. esaia, 408,15; 415,4 da sxv. mravali), emmanuil (Zv. emanuel, 405,8), mixail (Zv.miqael, 282,2; 290,19) da sxv.

berZnuli β-s Semcvel saxelebs, romlebic Zveladve qarTulSi b-Ti iyo gadmosuli, antoni naklebad Sexebia, radgan aseTi formebi tradiciiT Zalze ganmtkicebuli iyo qarTulSi. magram basili-s daweriloba ,,martirikis” mixedviT yovelTvis vasili-a: ,,hsTqua didman vasili...” (XV, 452, 22 da mravaljer) da vasiliko (379,9). aseve, viqtorios biqtorios nacvlad (343,2) da agreTve xeruvimi (Zv. qerobini. 174,2; 119,12; 264,23). berZnuli `mabes~ qarTulad gadmotanilia mavs: ,,da mavs mokiduleben... ...qmnisaTÂs raÁmesa” (283,10). ,,martirikaSi ufro iSviaTad gvxvdeba g-s Semcveli berZnuli sityvebis R-d gadmoRebis magaliTebi: doRmati (118,362), orRano (208,19) da sxv. rac Seexeba X-s Semcveli sityvebis qarTulad x-Ti gadmoRebas, amis magaliTebi ,,martirikaSi” mravlad moipoveba. arxiepiskoposi: ,,qmnili antonis mier arxiepiskoposisa” (282,3 da xSirad); monarxia, monarxioba (138,21; 311,7; 259,23; 180,33; 181,7; 161,1 da sxv. mravali); patriarxi; arximandriti; ierarxi (352,23); mixail (282,2 da sxv. mravaljer); ierixo: ,,viTarca nergni vardisani ierixosa Sina...” 361,24 (dasaxelebuli da msgavsi formebi, albaT, ufro rusuli enis gavleniT aris Semotanili).

1 a. SaniZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 41.2 iqve, gv. 42.3 pl. ioseliani, ,,wyobilsityvaobis” winasityvaoba. gv. V-VI.

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morfologiis zogierTi sakiTxi

Á-s xmarebis Taviseburebani. Cven aq gvainteresebs, ra doziT xmarobs antoni ,,martirikaSi” Á-s da ra Taviseburebebi axlavs mis gamoyenebas. xmovanfuZian saxelTa saxelobiTSi, naTesaobiTSi da moqmedebiTSi (aqve Semova e.w. gamosvliTi brunva da zogierTi sityva, romelic gaqvavebuli formaa erT-erTi am brunvisa).

1. winaswar SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Á-s xmarebas ,,martirikaSi” sakmarisi Tavisebureba axlavs. xmovanfuZianTa saxelobiT brunvaSi Á zogjer warmodgenilia, umetesad ki _ ara. amis mizezi antonis Teoriuli Sexedulebaa: ,,dasabam brunvaTa ars wrfelobiTi, romelica ufrore samarTal ars, raTa ewodebodesmca saxelobiTi”1. es Cans dadasturebuli magaliTebiTac:

,,xedua gonebisa sawyur [ars] da lmoba xedvaTa dacxromisa” (15,16).,,ese igi mama da sityua da sjuli...” (15,20).,,Ä, ZmismoZuleba ese umagaliTo da umizezo...” (18,17).magram:,,gangebaÁ saRmrToÁ iyo maSin ganrinebaÁ nonasi...” (397,1).,,gonebaÁ hscnobs datevnisaebr, viTarmed...” (15,14).2. ,,martirikis” teqstSi Á-s aucilebeli xmarebis principi gatarebulia erT

SemTxvevaSi: Tuki pirdapiri damateba xmovanfuZiani saxelia, igi saxelobiTSi aucileblad Á-s dairTavs, es iqneba sazogado Tu sakuTari saxeli. amis mizezic antonis Teoriuli debulebaa. cnobilia, rom antonma qarTul enaSi scada daemkvidrebina e.w. SemasmenlobiTi brunva (sxva enebSi arsebuli braldebiTi brunvis gavleniT), romlis saxelobiTisagan gasarCevad xmovanfuZian saxelebSi Á-s darTva aucileblad miiCnia2 (xolo TanxmovanfuZianebs maxvili dausva). swored aseTi saxelobiTia ,,martirikaSi” warmodgenili Á-iT. es principi mtkicedaa daculi ,,martirikaSi”. uamravi magaliTebidan mxolod ramdenimes warmovadgenT: ,,mohkal mamaÁ igi Seni moxucebuli da ZmaÁ Seni giorgi...” (17,8).

,,moiRo ZlevaÁ ÃorcTa zeda...” (22,5).,,vin udides Seamko samefoÁ TÂsi...” (22,20).,,vixile sferaÁ Semkuli...” (36,7).,,winambrZol ganiCina... SaluaÁ...” (310,3).,,uar-hyav qristeÁ igi Seni...” (275,28) da mravali. naTqvamis kargi

dadasturebaa am ori magaliTis Sepirispireba: ,,moiyuana colad annaÁ (23,24) da mokuda dedofali anna” (iqve). aseTi Á-iani formebi zogjer SeTanxmebulia msazRvrelTan brunvaSi:

1 e. babunaSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 85. aRsaniSnavia, rom samecniero literaturaSi miTiTebulia, rom am ori brunvis funqcia erTi da igivea. lititeratura ix. wignSi: z. sarjvelaZe, qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 120. 2 e. babunaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 86-89.

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,,...raTa hpovosmca droÁ marjueÁ...” (17,23).,,...ekklesiaÁ wmidaÁ... Sehmoses...” (304,80.ZiriTadad ki SeTanxmebas adgili ara aqvs:,,mkulelobaÁ mamisa da Zmisa ayuedra mas...” (19,30).,,Seesma ufalsa ÃmaÁ tirilisa Cemisa...” (243,17).,,raTa... iTxovos misgan mSÂdobaÁ... da dacuaÁ... ekklesiaTa... (79,3).,,ixiles mefeTa... gandidebaÁ oÃrebisa samefoÁsa TÂsisa...” (70,8).marTalia, ,,martirikis” teqstSi Segvxvda ramdenime magaliTi, sadac

pirdapiri damatebis saxelobiT brunvaSi Á ar gvaqvs, magram es antoniseul wess ar cvlis:

,,miiRe simaRleÁ da Zali, dideba da pativi Seimose...” (409,8).,,hyo aRmodgineba... satrfialoTa cuarTa...” (359,28).3. Á Cveulebriv ixmareba naTesaobiT da moqmedebiT brunvebSi xmovanfuZian

saxelTa mxolobiTSi:,,upirates awmyoÁsa droÁsa...” (35,210 da ,,aeluebuli saRmrToÁTa

trfialebiTa” (173,30) ,,martirikisaTvis” Cveulebrivi formebia, magram mravlobiT ricxvSi marTuli msazRvreli naklebad gviCvenebs Á-s naTesaobiT brunvaSi da TiTqmis arasodes aris Á moqmedebiTSi: ,,dasasruli vnebisa martÂlTaÁsa...” (170,5), magram aseTi formebi ufro naklebad gvxvdeba, vidre Á-s gareSe: ,,megobar mefisa mefeTasa da uflisa ufalTasa da meufisa meufeTasa...” (302,24).

moqmedebiT brunvaSi ki, SeiZleba iTqvas, Á TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba:,,raTa aRTqmiTa...” niWTa mravalTaTa ganeyenosmca” (145,22).,,ese damcueli sulisa dumiliTa bageTaTa...” (112,23).,,vcanT ganmartebiTa TqmulTa maT mamaTa CuenTaTa...” (108,10).,,ganÃsniTa kavSirTaTa... gansuenebaÁ movigoT...” (316,11).4. Wreli suraTia Á-s xmarebisas ,,martirikis” mixedviT:a) e.w. gamosvliT brunvaSi:,,xolo moseÁT... hsjuli igi werilobiTi icuala aRTqmad...” (404,23).,,moviÃseneT gamosulaÁ... samefoÁT... TÂsiT...” (310.36).,,vina grigori kappadokiisaÁ samTavroÁT... moivlinebis...” (377,8).magram:,,yrmaTa saSoÁT dedisaT atyueben...” (107,3),,CrdiloT da samxriT inaÃismdgmelni...” (124,10),,aRmovida mRÂmiT araratisaT...” (399,21),,aRmoved... mRÂmiT glaxakobisaT da TiÃiT uyisaT aRhsdeg...” (398,3).b) nacvalsaxelebsa da udetrebSi:,,aRasrulian ra locuaÁ ciskrisa...” (201,5)

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,,ganasrevdian ra isarTa...” (149,20),,raTa yoveli muÃli modrkes...” (244,27, magram yovelTvis raÁTamca),,ufrosTa amisTÂs...” (242,22),,Tu viTar sadaT misrba eri...” (232,8)magram:,,da raÁsa hsdroeb...” (399,1,3),,raÁcaRa Tana-medua yofad, vhyav...” (408,31 da yovelTvis),,raÁ-me sargebel geyos Sen qristeÁ Seni...” (243,8),,visda hxedÂda aqaÁT sarkiT da saqmiT” (380,14),,romelsa aqaÁT ganvidodes cxovarni” (374,17),,vinaÁTgan dRe ars paraskevi...” (244,14 da yovelTvis),,sadaÁT mosrba... bevroba ese aTeuli...” (256,33).5. SemTxveviTi unda iyos ramdenime magaliTi Á-s nacvlad i-s xmarebisa:

,,erTobaÁ cnobil samobasa Sinai da samobai erTobasa Sina amohxades...” (159,22),,Seimoses mecnierebaÁ...” (105,34).moqmedebiT brunvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. 1. ,,martirikaSi” emfatikuri

a TiTqmis yovelTvis gvxvdeba micemiTsa da naTesaobiT brunvebSi, rasac ver vityviT moqmedebiTis Sesaxeb. marTalia, Zvel qarTul ZeglebSi gamosvliTis mniSvnelobiT naxmari moqmedebiTi brunvis mxolobiTi ricxvi emfatikur a-s ar dairTavda da es wesi daculia ,,martirikaSic”: ,,esmaT ÃmaÁ suetiT gamo” (168,15), ,,aRmoved... mRÂmiT glaxakobisaT da TiÃiT uyisaT aRhsdeg” (398,3), ,,yrmaTa saSoÁT dedisaT atyuebin...” (107,3) da sxv. mravali, magram, rodesac moqmedebiTi brunva gamoxatavs ubralo damatebas, ,,martirikaSi” emfatikuri a umetesad ar aris warmodgenili:

,,da esreT momgebelni sxeuliT da nebiT ucxoebisasa mivides wmidisa mimarT...” (196,10)

,,TmeniT dauTme ufalsa...” (399,35),,miemsgavsa qristesa... saqmiT da sityÂT da gonebiT aRiarebda...” (377,29),,aRmoSobs maT wyliT da suliT didsa mas Sina mdinaresa...” (411,30),,eSuni velisani SesaxedaviT da nakueTiT da CueulebiT locÂTa miiyuanna...”

(381,3)gacilebiT naklebia SemTxvevebi, rodesac moqmedebiTSi dasmuli ubralo

damateba emfatikuri xmovniTac gvxvdeba:,,krZalulebaÁ... moigo sibrZniT da eseni WeSmaritebiTa... ganaSuena

sarwmunoebiTa...” (377,25),,dafarul arian saidumloÁsa mis dumilisa almuriTa da bnelsa Sina umetes

saCinoebiT ufroÁs hbrwyinuen...” (372,21)

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,,Sevida da mjdomareman mas Sina dayudebiT, marxÂT da locÂT da yovliTa krZalulebiTa warvlo yovelni dReni...” (96,11)

2. moqmedebiTi brunvis formidan zedsarTavebis warmoeba Zveli qarTulisaTvis arcTu iSviaTi movlenaa, magram ,,martirikis” Tavisebureba aseTi formebis siuxvea. movitanT mxolod ramdenime magaliTs:

,,zargansaÃad iyo saSineleba igi mkulelobiTi, tyueobiTi da iavarqmniTi...” (259,7)

,,dahÃSirebasa Sina eseguarTa usjuloebiTTa saubarTasa miugo...” (243,14),,miviRo piruelTa mamaTa patiJisa ZliTi sikudili...” (244,20)antoni uxvad awarmoebs aseT formebs da xSirad am TvalsazrisiT ,,Sesworeba”

Seaqvs sxvadasxva wyaroebidan aRebul citatebSi:,,romelman Semmosa me samoseli macxovarebisa da kuarTi mxiarulebisa...”

(esaia 61,10). Cans, antons gadaukeTebia: ,,romelman Semmosa me samoseli macxovarebiTi da kuarTi mxiarulebiTi1...” (197,17).

erT magaliTSi aseTi forma ar gamoxatavs mosalodnel Sinaarss:,,miiRoT yovelTa mefisagan TavisuflebaÁ tyueobiTi da niWnica” (261,1), e. i.

″tyueobiTi″ naxmaria ″tyueobisagan″ sityvis SinaarsiT.3. cnobilia, rom Zvel qarTulSi narTaniani mravlobiTis moqmedebiTi brunva

iSviaTad ixmareba. Sesabamisi Sinaarsis gadmosacemad zogjer eb-iani mravlobiTi gamoiyeneba: mag.: savse TualebiTa” (ezek. 10,12, Zvel nusxebSi).

antoni sxva xerxs mimarTavs: narTaniani moqmedebiTis gadmosacemad iyenebs ,,mier” TandebuldarTuli naTesaobiTis narTaniani mravlobiTis formas: ,,Sekrul iyunes Ãelni da ferÃni rkinaTa mier...” (276,36, Sdr. ,,rkinebiTa”).

,,da ferÃTa mier arawmidaTa dasTrgunvides da quabTa mier mZÂnuared hqolÂdes...” (133,34 Sdr. ferÃebiTa da quebiTa). magram Tu moqmedebiTi brunvis mravlobiTs msazRvreli axlavs, maSin „mier“ Tandebuli sazRvrulis win gadmoinacvlebs:

,,hstanja maTgan mravalguarTa mier tanjuaTa mZÂnuareTa” (146,37).,,maSin mravalTa mier RoneTa aRiZra eSmaki...” (144,35 da sxv.).viTarebiTi brunvis sakiTxebi ,,martirikis” mixedviT. ,,martirikaSi”

viTarebiTi brunva Zalze xSiria. viTarebiTSi dasmuli saxelis sxvadasxva SinaarsiT xmareba ,,martirikaSi” did siWreles qmnis. e.w. masdaruli konstruqciis sakiTxs Cven qvemoT SevexebiT, amjerad ki viTarebiTi brunvis formaTa gamoyenebis sxva SemTxvevebi gvainteresebs.

1 citata damowmebulia bibliis baqariseuli gamocemidan (1743w.). safiqrebelia, rom antoni am gamocemiT sargeblobs. asevea es adgili e.w. gelaTur bibliaSi, romelic petriwonuli skolis warmomadgenlis Targmanad aris miCneuli.

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,,martirikaSi” viTarebiTSi dasmuli saxeli ZiriTadad Zveli qarTuli enis normebis mixedviT aris gamoyenebuli. Cven mxolod im Taviseburebebs SevexebiT, rac Zveli qarTuli enis ZeglebisaTvis naklebad damaxasiaTebelia an iSviaTia.

1. Zveli qarTuli enis ZeglebSi dadasturebuli mimarTulebiTi brunvis funqcia iyo, aReniSna mimarTuleba raime sagnisadmi: warvida mefisa, Seswira uflisa da sxv. ,,martirikaSi” am funqcias umravles SemTxvevebSi asrulebs nanaTesaobiTari viTarebiTi:

,,moiwodebdes mTavrisad evstaTis...” (223,25),,RaRad hyues uflisad metyuelTa...” (167,5),,romelica movida wmidisad... (99,96),,Sehswirnes msxuerplni RmrTisad...” (198,15),,misrulni nebsiT tkivilisad da sikudilisa pyrobilisad da daglaxakebisad

qristesTÂs...” (86,9) da sxva uamravi.arcTu cota magaliTebi gvxvdeba tradiciuli formebis xmarebisa: ,,romliTa

morCilebisa, netarisa da srulisa, simaRlesa aRvides” (196,18).zogjer erTsa da imave winadadebaSi orive formas SevxvdebiT:,,mlocuelni warhsdges uflisad... viTarca mefisad da megobrisa TÂsisa...”

(199,9-10).Zveli qarTuli enis ZeglebSi mimarTulebis gadmosacemad, rogorc Cans,

mimarTulebiTSi dasmuli formebi sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda da amitom am funqciis Sesruleba daekisra naTesaobiT brunvas „mimarT“ (momarT) Tandebulis darTviT: ,,mivida uflisa” iSviaTi formis nacvlad momravlda ,,mivida uflisa mimarT” msgavsi formebi. ,,martirikaSi” „mimarT“ Tandebuliani formebis xmarebis mravali magaliTia warmodgenili, magram maT nacvlad nanaTesaobiTari mimarTulebiTis xmarebis SemTxvevebi mainc metia. xSirad erTsa da imave winadadebaSi orive formaa warmodgenili. sainteresoa, rom iakobiseul ,,SuSanikis wamebaSi” aris: ,,ZRunad Tavsa TÂssa Seswirvida mefisa mis mimarT”. antons gadaukeTebia: ,,ZRunad Tavsa TÂssa Seswirvidao sparsTa mefisad” (90,11). sxva magaliTebi: ,,mihswerda epistoleTa monasterTa mimarT... da mravalmTisa mamaTa da ZmaTad...” (275,5); ,,romlisa mimarT gurwams, romlisa mimarT naTel-gviRebies, romlisa mimarT viciT, romelsa vhmsaxurebT da romlisadca vesavT...” (162,30).

,,da siyvarulisa mimarT RmrTisa da moyuasTasa, romlisad mokidul arian yoveli...” (354,10). amrigad, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom ,,martirikaSi” dadasturebuli mimarTulebiTis uamravi magaliTi „mimarT“ Tandebuliani mimarTulebiTi brunvis nacvlad ixmareba. gansakuTrebiT xSirad amave funqciiT ixmareba ,,martirikaSi” nanaTesaobiTari viTarebiTi narTanian mravlobiTSi:

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,,viTarmed maxarebelni barbarosTad da gandrekilTa morwmuneTaganTad aRmoutevna man sityuani...” (117,5)

,,miswerda epistoleTa... ZmaTad...” (275,5-7),,pirsa cemad mtarualTad hbrZanebda...” (161,32),,xolo mtarualni, romelTad brZanebul hyo tanjuad mowamisa...” (315,29),,movida wmidisad mmadlobeli RmrTisadmi da wmidisa locuaTad...” (99,26),,Ãelni misni ganiÃuna glaxakTad...” (89,8),,romelTadca iTqua...” (197,22) da sxva mravali.2. zogjer aseTive formiT gadmocemulia nanaTesaobiTari daniSnulebiTi1:,,garna morwmuneTad upatiosnes wmidani sulni Tquenni...” (264,12),,raoden saWiro ars da saÃmar mÃedarTa qristianeTad...” (181,34),,yovelni mowameni qristesni morwmuneTad... sayuarel...” (138,15).3. ara iSviaTia SemTxvevebi, rodesac mimarTulebiTi brunvis gadmosacemad

nanaTesaobiTar viTarebiTs -dmi Tandebulic daerTvis:,,romelTadmi simdidresa aRTqmida micemad...” (222,9),,ganaRÂZebs sulTa CuenTa... axovnebaTadmi raJdenisa...” (138,26),,miuSues... wadili... satrfialoÁsadmi... (121,6 da sxva mravali.Rac Seexeba viTarebiTi brunvis formebidan nawarmoeb zedsarTavebs, maT

Sesaxeb saubari qvemoT gveqneba.saxelebis mravlobiTi ricxvi. ,,martirikis” teqstSi metwilad narTaniani

mravlobiTi ixmareba. masTan SedarebiT eb-iani mravlobiTi umniSvnelo odenobiTaa: cxenebi (20,19), mÃedrebi (20,20), niSnebi (20,31), saswaulebi (20,31), maxeebiTa (57,3), bevrebisa (226,18), ZalebiTa (30,28), Teslebsa (401,20) da albaT, kidev ramdenime magaliTiT amoiwureba maTi ricxvi. ,,martirikaSi” dasturdeba oriode forma e.w. ormagi mravlobiTisa: ,,daadumnes pirebni uRmrToTani...” (136,24). aseTi formebi iSviaTad, magram mainc dasturdeba Zveli qarTuli enis XI-XII ss. ZeglebSic, gansakuTrebiT petriwis TxzulebaTa enaSi2. aseTi formebis gamoyenebis safuZveli Zvel ZeglebSi mTlad naTeli ar aris. ,,martirikis” Sesaxeb ki SeiZleba Semdegi iTqvas: antonis ,,gramatikaSi”, saxelTa brunvaTa paradigmebSi, mravlobiTi ricxvis e.w. SemasmenlobiT brunvaSi warmodgenilia mariamebni forma3. ,,martirikidan” damowmebuli forma ar aris SemasmenlobiTi da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ,,gramatikaSi” dadasturebuli formis msgavsi nimuSebi SemasmenlobiTi brunvis mravlobiTi ricxvis funqciiT ,,martirikaSi” saerTod ar gvxvdeba, e.i. antonis zogierTi gramatikuli xasiaTis Teorias praqtikuli

1 b. gigineiSvili, z. sarjvelaze, nanaTesaobiTari mimarTulebisa da nanaTesaobiTari daniSnulebiTis adgili Zveli qarTulisa da qarTveluri enebis brunvaTa sistemaSi, mravalTavi VI, Tbilisi, 1978, gv. 123-135.2 d. meliqiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 12.3 e. babunaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 106.

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gamoyeneba ar hqonia. amdenad, am ormagi mravlobiTis formis arsi CvenTvis gaurkvevelia. saxelebis mravlobiT ricxvTan aris dakavSirebuli zogierTi sakiTxi, romelic sintaqsSi unda warmogvedgina, magram amjerad Cven davarRvevT am wess da msazRvrel-sazRvrulis mravlobiT ricxvSi SeTanxmebis zogierT sakiTxs aqve warmovadgenT. amjerad Cven gvainteresebs brunvis rTuli formebi:

,,xolo mweralTa saweliwdoTa istoriaTaTa yovelTa... aRiares” (44,29).,,yovelTa maT mamaTa da ZmaTa yovlisa garehsjisa monasterTaTa...” (200,36).,,SempyrobelTa... ukuRmarT SemkruelTa ÃelTaTa aRmokueTes enaÁ...” (396,4).,,ixareben ...qalwulni SesakrebelTa Soris WabukTaTa...” (397,6).motanil da msgavs uamrav sxva magaliTebSi TvalSi gvecema „TaTa“ daboloveba,

romelsac iyenebs antoni e.w. ormag da sammag brunvebSi, rac arabunebrivia Zveli qarTuli enis ZeglebisaTvis, xolo ,,martirikisaTvis” ki msgavs magaliTebSi TiTqmis erTaderTi formaa. Zveli qarTuli enis klasikuri normis mixedviT unda gvqonoda:

,,mweralTa saweliwdoTa istoriaTaman”, ,,mamaTa da ZmaTa... garehsjisa monasterTaman”. sammagi brunvisaTvis gveqneboda TaÁsaTa daboloeba. etyoba, antoni Segnebulad ar icavs am normebs: man da Ás daboloebaTa gaCena misTvis auxsnelia; Teoriulad, marTlac, ,,istoriaTaTa” msgavsi formebi unda gvqonoda.

aqve gvinda movitanoT ,,martirikaSi” daZebnili ricxvSi SeuTanxmeblobis arcTu mravali magaliTi.

,,...amiT oTx-droeba weliwdeulni” (14,3).,,... romelTa yovelni hsjuli da winaswarmetyuelni mokidul arian...” (353,30).,,sulni ukue maTni netarni daweril asoebiTa yovlkeTilobisaTa... cxadad

winaSe angelosTa TÂsTa warkiTxul iqmnes” (184,1).zmnasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. 1. ,,martirikaSi” erT-erT enobriv

Taviseburebad unda miviCnioT mimReobidan zmnebis warmoeba ara marto aRweriTi formiT, aramed nasaxelari zmnebis formiT:

,,amwyalobela guli mSierTa mimarT...” (273,15; Sdr. Zveli qarTulisaTvis Cveulebrivi forma „mwyalobel-hyo“).

,,xolo aw dawesebulebs da Tanziarebulebs yovelTa wmidaTa Tana...” (134,7 Sdr. dawesebul ars da Tanaziarebul ars).

,,Wabuki... mjdomarebs daRaTu siWabukisa cxensa zeda” (43,23. Sdr. mjdomare ars).

,,oqro gamocdilebs ufros oqroÁsa” (46,6 Sdr. gamocdil ars).,,romelica saTanadoebs gamoxatulad” (108,32. Sdr. saTanado ars).,,yovelsa Sina samÃedrisa simarjuesa aRmatebulebda” (66,21. Sdr. aRmatebul

iyo). ,,mowame... simtkiciTa miuaxlebelobda sityuaTa maTTagas” (65,27; Sdr. miuaxlebel iyo).

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,,emimlocuelebian mefeni epistolesa Sina...” (281,17; Sdr. ,,mimlocuel eqmnebian”).

,,romelica naTesaobiT... da keTilmsaxurebiTa cxebulebda” (19,66. Sdr. cxebul iyo).

,,viTarmed meTanamdeba Tqmad da Znobad da galobad Ruawlisa misisa” (15,5. Sdr. Tanamdeb-meyo).

,,esguarni sibrZnismoyuareni zedwodebuleben...” (129,32. zedwodebul-hyofen).,,maSin mefe... myofebda simrTelisaTÂs haerisa...” (54,25).,,aramed palatisa TÂsisa SinaTa TanxlebiTa myofobda...” (47,27).2. zmnebi nawarmoebia:a) mimReobidan: ,,mgorualebs quaTaebr wmidaÁ mociqulebaÁ...” (109,9; Sdr.

hgoravs).,,zogad cxovrebulebdes netarni ese” (198,6; Sdr. cxovrebdes).b) ricxviTi saxelidan: ,,samobs mxoloobasa Sina...” (162,30).g) arsebiTi saxelidan: ,,saÃsenebeli mowamisa iekklesia...” (227,30).,,aekklesiebs solomon sxuasaca winadadebasa...” (86,15).,,ifqleben mowameni qristesni...” (168,12).,,andamatinebs simtkiciTa gonebaÁ misi... (110,1).,,iRmerTsaxela viT xatman da zarman...” (153,7).,,da jerovan politikosobdes...” (363,3).d) zedsarTavebidan:,,siyrmiTgan ixarba mosagebeli...” (414,15).,,da emkacroda yovelTa sulTa...” (74,18).,,misagebeli ZÂrfasobda...” (33,3).,,da eSesabamebis Tqmuli igi...” (268,9).,,romelnica eSesabamebian bunebasa...” (129,18,19).,,ilektrosferobs gonebisa Cemisa sarkesa Sina...” (108,33).,,nivTiereben glaxakTad...” (109,4).,,irisebr Wrelebs sisxli...” (168,6).,,erTiTa naTliTa eluareobdian...” (193,22).e) zmnizedidan:,,tanjuani Zniadobdes...” (33,3).,,SeÃSua gonebasave Sina wyudeuli vawinaukme, viTarmed...” (14,35).,,da Tavsa TÂssa amiT daaxlebda RmrTisad...” (378,22).,,esodeni, raodenica ekmavis Sesabam arsebaTa maTTa...” (15,54; Sdr. kma-eyofis).,,rameTu sofelsa ezeva axalnergi ese...” (129,15 da xSirad).v) sxvadasxva uaryofiTi formebidan:,,univToben Ãelni misni migebisa mimarT...” (109,3).

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,,ara iurwmunova ziarebiTa mparavTa...” (89,18).,,ugrZnobelobdes mis mier qmnilTa arsTagan raÁmeTa...” (87,2).z) zmniswinidan:,,awarmoa ra Zali...” (237,22).3. “TanÃmoba” sawyisidan nawarmoebia zmna ,,aTanÃmebs”, romelic dResac am

formiT ixmareba:,,da... sxuaobiTa aTanÃmebs...” (265,26).4. ars damxmare zmnis gamartivebuli xmarebis SemTxvevebi ,,martirikaSi”

iSviaTad gvxvdeba. ramdenime SemTxveva gvxvdeba ars damxmare zmnis xmarebis nacvlad Sedgenil SemasmenelSi a-s warmodgnisa da isic yovelTvis romel saxelad nawilTan.

,,...romela mamamZuZu baraTaSvili...” (51,4).,,...romela xedviTisaebr SeerTebaÁ RmrTisa da kacisa...” (382,2).,,...romela sarwmunoeba saqmeTa mier cxoveli...” (88,36).,,...romela RmerTTmTavrobiTi samobaÁ erTobasa Sina...” (89,32).,,...mivida Sirvanad, romela nawili romelime midiisa ...” (398,24).,,aRiwera wigni ese, romela martirika...” (419,15 gadamweris anderZidan).Sedgenili Semasmenlis Cveulebrivi formiT xmareba ,,martirikaSi” ufro

xSiria:,,romel ars Semoqmed...” (349,35) da sxv.5. am-TemisniSniani ramdenime zmnis fuZe uwyvetlis III piris mxolobiT da

mravlobiT ricxvebSi, winaaRmdeg Zveli qarTuli enis normebisa, warmodgenilia imave formiT, rogorc I da II pirSi:

,,xolo odes-igi Sehkrvides wmidaTa maT da lodTa qviTa maTTa zeda... moabemdes...” (167,5).

,,xolo hsWamdes gulisxmis-yofasa da suemda niadag...” (313,29).6. ev-ze daboloebuli fuZedrekadi zmnebis II seriis mwkrivebSi xSirad iv

sruli saxiTaa SemorCenili:,,moiZia... da ara ganabnivna...” (131,19).,,ukun-aqcivnes da moswyÂdnes maTgan kaci sami aTasi...” (71,23).,,SeimusreniT da ganibniveniT...” (43,22).,,raTa gamoirCivnes aTormeti mowafeTagan...” (107,19).7. uwyvetlis I da II piri umetesad i-s gareSea warmodgenili:,,viTarca SÂlTa guwyalobd da guzrdid...” (92,5).,,winaswar vxedevd ufalsa winaSe Cemsa maradis...” (244,8).,,Senve ukue hscevd...” (91,15).,,amier hsWuretd siRrmesa trfialebiTsa, hsjid survilsa Sursa...” (335,18).,,vhscxovrebd cnobadmde WeSmaritebisa...” (241,6).

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“i” ar ixmareba mravlobiT ricxvSic:,,da qalaqsa amas hscevdiT...” (264,33).8. gvxvdeba ramdenime magaliTi wyvetilSi da uwyvetelSi gardauvali zmnebis

III piris mravlobiTSi axali qarTulis normebis xmarebisa:,,ganaRa daSTen orni odes...” (18,2).,,arRara ganeSornes... aramed daadgren mas Tana...” (348,1).,,da iswavebden misgan...” (348,3).,,odes gamovidoden kacni saxlisagan, sadaca msxdomare viyuneT...” (18,6).9. Tu gadamweris Secdomad ar CavTvliT, uwyvetelSi od-is nacvlad Segvxvda

d:,,maSin Ãorcni igi wmidani mrCobliTa ivnebdes tkiviliTa...” (32,30).,,mdidarsa surda, swyurda da strfida...” (151,27).10. awmyos xolmeobiTis formebi ormagi piris niSniT mx. ricxvSi:,,viTarca xilua mTiebisa pirisagan Tquenisa gamovalnn...” (264,1).,,aw Wiri gaqunn...” (392,10).zmna mxoloobiTSia, saxeli _ mravlobiTSi, amasTanave zogierT zmnas awmyos

xolmeobiTis ormagi piris niSani aqvs:,,hborgann eSmakTa ZliT mZlavrni... martÂlTa zeda...” (325,3).,,mRudelni Seswiravnn... da ganhbann da aRadginebn... moaqcevnn da... hkurnebn,

sxuani hmsaxurebn... hgalobnn... hmsaxurebnn...” (234,11-21).miuxedavad motanili magaliTebisa, awmyos xolmeobiTis (da, saerTod, yvela

xolmeobiTis) formebi mxolobiT da mravlobiT ricxvSi teqstebSi umravles SemTxvevaSi sworad aris naxmari:

,,sxuani aSinebed mas da hsTqÂed misda...” (243,8) da sxv.11. ,,martirikaSi” i-niani vnebiTiTaa nawarmoebi zogierTi zmna, romelic Zvel

qarTulSi ufro xSirad d-oniani da e-niani vnebiTiTaa warmodgenili.,,amisTÂs ganimarTlebis orgulobasa zeda mefisasa giorgi...” (54,16).,,romelica daimtkicebis wmidaTa miT vnebiTa misiTa...” (44,10).,,ase ukue wmidiTa vnebiTa misiTa daimtkicebis...” (73,4).12. brZanebiTis formebi martirikaSi xSiradaa aRreuli, Tumca maTi swori

xmarebis SemTxvevebi ara mcirea:,,aRdegin RmerTi gonebasa Sina Wabukisasa...” (43,20).,,daimÃueniT mterni... SeimusreniT da ganibniveniT...” (43,22).magram arcTu iSviaTad aRreulia mravlobiTisa da mxolobiTis formebi:,,daiwÂn da aRiÃocen werilni igi ciliswamebisani...” (44,6).,,dadumdin da dahscxerin cilismwamebelni...” (43,2).

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,,ixarebd udabnoni wyurielni garehsjisani da iSuebdin da hyuavodin viTarca SroSanni...” (207,1). (es citata isaia, 35,1-dan aris aRebuli, oRond navaraudeb wyaroSi (baqaris biblia) subieqti udabno mxoloobiT ricxvSia) da sxva.

13. ganvixiloT mca nawilakis xmarebis SemTxvevebi: ,,martirikaSi” sakmaod bevri magaliTia am nawilakis sworad xmarebisa zmnis TxrobiT kilosTan, oRond mca nawilaki umravles SemTxvevaSi daerTvis zmnas, iSviTad ki _ kavSirs:

,,raTa ara daviwyebiTa daifaramca Tqmadi ese...” (14,22).,,raTa ara keTil wesier aqundamca mdgmoobaÁ...” (13,28).,,raTa ganeramca igi ÃelTagan misTa...” (61,10).,,raTa dautevemca qriste...” (80,30).,,raTa ferebiTa sityuaTaTa Suenier gamovixateTmca saSuali” (169,32).,,raTa vhsdegmca Sen Tana sityÂs-gebasa Sensa...” (114,36).,,raTa survili Cemi iyomca mziarebel Cemda wmidaTa vnebaTa SenTa...” (115,33).,,ara visme dautevebs, raTa ara esmamca saxarebaÁ misi...” (233,16).,,raTamca veziare saqmeTa... vasqenisaTa...” (92,7).magaliTebis didi raodenoba Cven imitom movitaneT, rom msgavsi SemTxvevebi

arcTu ise xSiria, xolo magaliTebi, romlebSic -mca nawilaki zmnis kavSirebiTis formebTan ixmareba, uamravia:

,,raTa moiyuanosmca TÂsda...” (100,22).,,raTa moiyuanosmca wmidaÁ igi palatad...” (100,25).,,raTa daayenosmca maTdami brZanebaÁ ese...” (50,30).,,raÁTamca amiT saTno iqmnas mefisa...” (90,15).,,raTa movidesmca da hnaxos...” (79,3).,,raTa nayofi misi hmefobdesmca da saqadul iyos erisa...” (22,18).,,raTa ara ganvardesmca misgan...” (74,19) da sxva mravali.14. od-iani da d-oniani zmnebis uRvlileba uwyvetlisa da I kavSirebiTis

mwkrivebSi ,,martirikis” mixedviT gansxvavebas ukve aRar gviCvenebs:,,aw vityodeT, vhgalobdeT da mouTxrobdeT sxuaTa...” (357,32).,,RaRadebdes moyuasi moyusisa mimarT da ityodes...” (344,8).21. ,,martirikaSi” zogjer gvxvdeba obieqturi wyobis zmnaTa vnebiTis iSviaTi

formebi:,,gamomiZieT me da gepovo Tquen...” (367,22).,,meZiebelTa SenTa guepovne aRTqmisebr...” (367,28).15. zogjer mosalodneli -av TemisniSniani zmna warmodgenilia -eb TemisniSniT.,,marTebs suli kacobrivi Ãorcsa...” (39,36).mimReobis warmoeba. 1. moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobebi, warmoebuli moqmedebiTi

gvaris zmnebidan, xSirad im Taviseburebas gviCvenebs, rom m-el mawarmoeblis gverdiT m prefiqsiani warmoebac aqvT:

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,,oradre nawilad ganmyofi yovelTa droTa...” (21,14).,,vina... bednierobaTa damtevi...” (86,8).,,ekklesiasa Sina damdebi...” (85,12).,,eseguari ukue ars mhazrueli, ganmzraxi da mhsjeli...” (272,10).,,Suenierebisa TÂs Soris momgebi...” (308,20).,,momgebi krZalulebisa... moSiSi ars uflisa...” (354,24).asevea nawarmoebi mimReoba zogierTi nasaxelari saSualo gvaris zmnisagan:,,vina mmefobica mamulsa zeda...” (85,31).,,evstaTi ÃorciTa mmoqalaqobi qalaqsa mcxeTas...” (218,25).,,xolo mmTavrebman ara iurwmunova ziarebiTa mparavTaTa...” (89,17).gvxvdeba nebavs zmnisgan nawarmoebi mimReobis magaliTic m prefiqsiT

Sedgenil SemasmenelSi:,,odes-igi mnebav ars suli” (39,35).am tipis mimReobis magaliTebi samecniero literaturaSi mimReobis uZveles

saxedaa miCneuli1, sakmaod gavrcelebulia Tanamedrove qarTulSi (amRebi, gamcemi, damweri, mkiTxavi da sxv.) da ,,martirikaSic” mravladaa warmodgenili, magram amasTanave ,,martirikaSi” m-el prefiqs-sufiqsiani warmoebis magaliTebic xSirad gvxvdeba:

,,da yovelTave msoflioTa saSuebelTa mmarxuelni...” (126,28).,,vinaÁca mwyebelTa... xuaSiadi ganucxada saqmeman...” (364,4).,,eseguari ukue ars mhazrueli ganmzraxi da msjeli...” (272,10, gvxvdeba

mmhazruelic 121,35).,,mTanÃmaebeli moqmedTa maT erTi da igive simarTle ars...” (266,1).,,araraÁmeÁ mgamebelsa Tavisa Cemisasa...” (25,77).,,mhsmenelma mefisagan... warmosula hyo...” (17,24).,,mimlocvelman TÂsTa... spaTadmi...” (21,1).,,cremliT damltobelman queyanisaman...” (20,35) da sxva mravali.2. ,,martirikaSi” zogierTi moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReoburi forma nawarmoebia

me prefiqsiT, romelic miCneulia uZvelesi viTarebis amsaxvelad da romlis magaliTebi Zvel qarTul enaSi naklebad gvxvdeba (meot, meox, memRer, metex, meryev da sxv.) da isic vnebiTi da saSuali gvaris mimReobebia2.

,,romelTa Soris doRmatistoriadre meqmi ars... besarion...” (14,27 da xSirad).,,xolo survili ese ars sulisa... meqonisa...” (80,1 da Zalian xSirad).,,romliTa ara meqonni nivTTani ganamdidres...” (159,17).,,eseni arasadaT meqon arian Semwed... (203,16).

1 arn. Ciqobava, qarTuli enis saxelis fuZis uZvelesi agebuleba qarTvelur enebSi, Tbilisi, 1942, gv. 126.2 a. SaniZe, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, gv. 597.

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3. me-e prefiqs-sufiqsiani uCveulo warmoebis mimReobebi ,,martirikaSi” sakamrisadaa warmodgenili:

ese igi metrfeni ziarebisa vnebaTa misTani...” (307,18).,,Tanxadil-hyues ukue amaT evstaTica meTqueTa...” (219, da sxva).aRsaniSnavia me-e warmoebis nasaxelari zmnidan gakeTebuli sawyisis iSviaTi

formebi:,,sada... medResaswaulebaÁ keTilsa mas Sina... (368,16).4. ma- prefiqsiani warmoebis mimReobebi iSviaTad, magram mainc gvxvdeba ma-el

mawarmoeblis nacvlad:,,da mZlavr maiZulebi codÂsa iZlia...” (394,27).,,viTarmed urwmunoÁsagan mawarmoÁsa warmoÁ daayenos...” (362,7).,,gonebisa ganmabrwyini erTobiTiTa naTliTa...” (86,4).,,Sobisagan brmaTa ganmanaTlni...” (107,7).`mkelobelTa da koWlTa mavlinebi...” (107,8).,,masmevni wyalTa cxovelTa...” (108,20).5. ma-e prefiqs-sufiqsiani warmoeba qarTulSi, rogorc wesi, ar gvxvdeba

(macne da macxone formebi zmnis piriani formebi unda iyos)1. ma-e prefiqs-sufiqsiani oriode formaa dadasturebuli ioane petriwis TxzulebebSi: mauwye, macxovnisagan, warmomayene2. ,,martirikaSi” iSviaTia aseTi mimReobebi:

,,ese mowameni... TÂnier droÁsa ara macxadeni...” (362,21).,,siriaÁT aRmomzeni da Cuen SorisTa sibrZneTa ganmamzeni...” (107,16).6. ma-ar mawarmoebeli gamoiyeneba qvemoT motanil citataSi:,,da yovelive amisTÂs TanmedroeTa maÃsovarTagan uweries...” (26,6).ma-ar prefiqs-sufiqsiani mimReobis warmoeba dReisaTvis SemorCenilia

formebSi, romlebic warmoSobiT mimReoba; magram dRes mxolod arsebiTi saxelis gageba aqvT: ma-cxov-ar-i, ma-Txov-ar-i da agreTve maÃsovari mimReobidan nawarmoeb sawyisSi maxsovroba.

7. vnebiTi da saSuali gvaris mimReobebSi Taviseburebebi arc ise cotaa, magram movitanT mxolod ramdenime uCveulo warmoebis nimuSs:

,,hsjulvilni uflisagan saRmrToni brZanebani...” (274,19).,,oqrovilni kidobanni wamebisani...” (106,32).8. orgvar mawarmoebliTaa erTi da igive mniSvnelobis fuZe:,,moaqusT... samoselni qsulni...” (137,28).,,uxu da Suenier qsovilni...” (137,29).9. Taviseburia momavali drois mimReobis zogierTi forma:,,erTi ars awindeli sasityueli Cemi axalnergi...” (122,1).

1 d. meliqiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 118.2 iqve.

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,,da nivTni sagaloboni iyunes mefeni...” (85,24).,,saracx ars Sekadrebad...” (38,23).aRsaniSnavia moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobis fuZidan nawarmoebi formebi:,,da esreT gankarguad Tqmadni sameTqueoni...” (302,20).,,samorkinaloÁsad asparezisa... ganhmzadeboda...” (393,32).mosalodneli na prefiqsis nacvlad mimReoba nawarmoebia il sufiqsiT:

,,sisxliTa CemiTa davamtkico Sromili Cemgan ekklesiaÁ...” (133,24), miuxedavad imisa, rom na prefiqsic farTodaa gamoyenebuli ,,martirikaSi”:

,,quemdebare vhyavT suli da namoqmedebni Cueni...” (248,7) da sxva.10. Cveulebriv zmniswinebiani mimReoba xSirad ,,martirikaSi” zmniswinis

gareSea warmodgenili:,,dakluli ese iremi mwuari da Wmuli Cuengan...” (346,7).11. CamovTvliT zogierT Taviseburi sityvawarmoebis nimuSebs yovelgvari

komentaris gareSe: ,,anu aRmonamorCad ityÂan wmidisa...” (887).,,xolo mizezi moswrafebisa da-Cem-Sorisebuli...” (319,18).daSorisebuli... (13,6), dasamtkic (45,3), Serabamebul (46,2), Senaborkili

(46,8), ,,gansakÂrvo arsa...” (40,15,15).12. yuradRebas iqcevs sagonisi (61,1), mimReobis forma. msgavs formebSi

sawyisis naTesaobiTi brunvidan nawarmoeb mimReobas xedaven (Sdr. saxnisi, SesatyÂsi da sxv.)1.

13. gansakuTrebiT uxvadaa gamoyenebuli ,,martirikaSi” sawyisis viTarebiTi brunvidan nawarmoebi e.w. SesaZleblobis mimReoba2, romelsac momavali drois gagebac aqvs: aseTi formebi uZvelesi droidan ixmareba Zvel qarTulSi, magram aseTi formebis moZaleba iwyeba XI saukunis mwerlobaSi (giorgi mTawmideli, efrem mcire, ioane petriwi). mimReobis aseTi formebis siuxve ,,martirikis” damaxasiaTebeli niSania.

,,rameTu ganxrwnadni arian, romelnime geslTagan SeWamadni da yovelni mparavTagan daTxradni da warparuadni...” (292,12).

,,mihsceniT... sicocxleÁ daberebadi da argebadi da moifardeT ukudavebadi da gebadi...” (263,5-6).

,,werilni... ar adÂl Semusruadni...” (264,21 da sxva uamravi).14. mimReobis uaryofiTi formebidan aRsaniSnavia e.w. mokle formebidan

nawarmoebi uaryofiTi mimReobebi, romelTa raodenoba ,,martirikaSi” sakmaoa.,,romelica uvnebisagan moigebis sulisa...” (356,35).,,dagebadisa dauberebelisa da warudenisaTa mimarT aRlesvida...” (334,6).

1 d. meliqiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 131.2 iqve, gv. 106, 116. am sakiTxs samecniero literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba axlavs. a. SaniZe aseT formebs „warmoqmnaSi“ ganixilavs. Zveli qarTuli enis gramatika, Tbilisi, 1976, gv. 50, $66.

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,,gamosruli usityuTa velurTagan...” (399.34).,,romelTa daekueTa mhsgavsiTa usityurebiTa misiTa gardaqmnaÁ usityuad...”

(402,12).uaryofiTi mimReoba nawarmoebia ar nawilakiT:,,miirTu sityuani arSesabamni yovlad didebulTa sakÂrvel-yofaTa SenTani...”

(247,5).,,mihsceniT... sicocxleÁ daberebadi da argebadi da moifardeT ukudavebadi

da gebadi...” (263,6).sainteresoa ZÂris-umoÃsenoba forma, sadac abstraqtuli saxeli nawarmoebia

Taviseburi uaryofiTi mimReobisgan ZÂrisumoÃseno: ,,ZÂrisumoÃsenobasaca missa hbaZÂda...” (400,20).

udetrebis xmarebis zogierTi Tavisebureba. 1. Tandebulebi. a) Zveli qarTuli enis ZeglebSi dadasturebulia mebr nawilakis xmarebis SemTxvevebi srulebiT mniSvnelobiT: ,,daguaviwyda mebr, Tu queyanasa zeda varT” (xanZTeli), ufro xSirad ixmareba uaryofiT winadadebebSi: ,,viTar-me wigni icisa aman, rameTu uswavie mebr ara?” (i.7,15)1.

,,martirikaSi” mebr mravalgzis gvxvdeba, magram ara nawilakis mniSvnelobiT, aramed windebulad gamoyenebuli; mas aqvs ebr Tandebulis Sinaarsi, Tumca ebr Tandebulis xmarebac ar aris SezRuduli.

,,da survili ese Cemi ars mebr uflebisa...” (38,29).,,romelica mebr keTilisa Cueulebisa... ganatfobdes...” (158,24).,,da mebr brZanebisa... daakldes...” (261,7).mebr arsebisa, mebr WeSmaritebiTisa cnobisa... mebr monebisa da uflebisa...

mebr mSobelobisa da Svilebisa...” (29,15) da sxv. uamravi.mxolod Sedeg magaliTebSi SeiZleba dagvebados eWvi, rom mebr ukudebuli

Tandebulis adgilze zis, Tuki mas pirvel sityvas mivakuTvnebT.,,ara igaviTisamebr mhsgavsebisa mhsgavseben... varskulavni...” (36,20).,,romel ars enisamebr Cuenisa...” (128,31).am magaliTSi ki namdvilad mebr ukudebulia:,,xolo wyalTacamebrve da esTa hqmna RmerTman sofeli ese...” (284,23).erT magaliTSi mebr saxeladaa qceuli da msazRvruls warmoadgens: ,,da

aqaT da iqiT xuTni ZÂrismoqmedni mebriTa ganCinebiTa ZeliTave sikudilad daisjebodes...” (149,18).

b) Tandebuli TÂs. es Tandebuli Cveulebrivad ixmareba ,,martirikaSi”, magram iSviaTad is windebuladaa gamoyenebuli:

,,uyofda wyalobasa... TÂs saqarTueloÁsa da kaxeTis aoÃrebisa...” (24,27).

1 a. SaniZe, Zveli qarTuli enis gramatika, Tbilisi, 1976, gv. 149.

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g) garda Tandebuli mxolod axal qarTulSi ixmareba. iSviaTad is gvxvdeba ,,martirikaSi”, magram windebulad (Zv. qarTulSi mas TÂnier Seesatyviseba).

,,garda mefisa yovelni Tanad-momzraxaoben...” (33,13).d) xSiria Tandebul da-s xmarebis SemTxvevebi ,,martirikaSi” TÂs Tandebulis

mniSvnelobiT, rac dRes dialeqtebSia SemorCenili:,,raoden kacTada SesaZlebel ars...” (199,29).,,viTarmed Cemda SeuZlebel ars...” (117,25).,,egsaxed macxovarebad yovlisa soflisada, raTa xati... ganaaxlos...” (141,1).da TandebuldarTuli nacvalsaxelebi xSirad mi Tandebulsac irTaven:,,nurarad ficxel ubnob misdami...” (92,22).e) ,,martirikaSi” arcTu iSviaTad Zveli da axali qarTulisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli mi Tandebuli daerTvis mimarTulebiTi brunvis aRmniSvnel nanaTesaobiTar-viTarebiTis rogorc mravlobiTis, aseve mxoloobiTis formebs:

,,ganaRÂZebs sulTa CuenTa... axovnebaTadmi reJdenisTa...” (138,26).,,miuSues yoveli wadili trfialebiTi... satrfialosadmi...” (112,6).,,erTmaneTisadmi zavebulni...” (14,7).,,romelTadmi dedani daiyennes...” (90,4).,,locuaTa Semwirueli nivTTSemomqedebisadmi Seipyres...” (133,2).,,ityoda sxuaTadmica...” (90,2).,,misruli da saxleulTadmi TÂsTa...” (147,11).,,aqunda pasuxad yovelTadmi...” (147,9).2. kavSirebi. a) magra kavSiri uZveles qarTuli enis ZeglebSi ar ixmareba

(dRevandeli magram-is mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda garna, xolo, aramed). mxolod oriode magaliTi dasturdeba ,,iovanesa da efTÂmes cxovrebaSi”, magram ara dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT1. samagierod Cveulebrivia magra-s dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT xmareba petriwis TxzulebebSi2. aRarafers vambobT saero xasiaTis XII-XIIIss. Zeglebze, romlebSic es kavSiri gavrcelebulia;

antonis ,,martirikaSi” magra kavSiri xSirad ixmareba, misi Zveli eqvivalentebis garna, xolo, aramed kavSirebis gverdiT:

,,iiZuleboda... magra igi... ego Seuryevelad...” (64,30).,,...sasurvel, erTi da igive, magra CueulebiT... viTame uganTÂsebules...”

(138,16).,,...magra wmidasa mas erTi aqunda pasuxi...” (148,3).,,magra aRiRo man...” (63,8).,,...magra uwyodeT ese...” (202,32).,,...magra azraxebda Sadiman warsulsa...” (59,11) da sxva mravali.

1 d. meliqiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 41.2 iqve.

235

b) ,,martirikis” enisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia romel formis dRevandeli rom-is mniSvnelobiT xmareba, rac Zveli qarTuli enis Zeglebidan dasturdeba ioane petriwis TxzulebebSi1, xolo ufro Zvel ZeglebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba2.

,,winaswar hxedavs, romel axs dRe maTi...” (254,3).(Sdr. dRevandeli: winaswar grZnobs, rom axlos aris dRe maTi sikvdilisa).,,xolo momzraxoben, romel Semdgomad raodenTame welTa...” (47,24).romel uamrav SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebulia mizezis garemoebiT damokidebul

winadadebebSi dRevandeli rom kavSiris mniSvnelobiT, romelsac mTavar winadadebaSi yvelaze xSirad miT misamarTi sityva Seesatyviseba, xolo ufro iSviaTad amad (dRevandeli qarTuli eniT imitom da amitom).

,,sanatrel arian brZenni ese miT, romel povnili igi sibrZneÁ... miuTxres...” (255,18; Sdr. bednierni arian brZenni imitom, rom SeZenili sibrZne gadmosces).

,,ubrZana... warkueTad Tavi misi miT, romel nusada aRiRon qristianeTa sxeuli misi...” (226,28).

,,sadaRamca ipova maT Soris miT, romel sulni siwmidiTa... zesTa qmnilman...” (198,8).

,,damtkicebaÁ hyo siyuaruliTa uqceveliTa miT, romel esvida igi saqmeTa WeSmaritebasa...” (212,15).

,,nucaRa Ãuebul iqmnebi mefobisagan Senisa miT, romel ara maqus gulsa Sina Cemsa Suri...” (58,13).

,,keTil ukue arian... miT, romel... ganguaRÂZeben wadilad...” (68,24).,,ubnob misdami miT, romel bunebaÁ dedaTa ars sulmokle...” (92,22).,,vina Seuxebel sadame ars igi miT, romel ukeTu martiv ars, Seuxebelca

ars...” (139,32).,,vina saukuno ars miT, romel yovelTa maT erTTa arsebani saukuno arian...”

(139,34).,,araraÁme daWrani asoTani... miT, romel trfialebaman moiyuanna satkivarTa

ugrZnebelobad” (190,24).,,codua ars uRmrToebaÁ amad, romel saTnoeba igi... ars dacua mcnebaTa...”

(353,28).,,gangebaÁ saRmrToÁ iyo maSin ganrinebaÁ nonasi amad, romel mohqonda Cuenda

sityuani cxovrebisani...” (397,1).aRsaniSnavia, rom Zvel qarTulSi rameTu-s ZiriTad mniSvnelobasTan erTad

hqonda dRevandeli rom kavSiris mniSvnelobac:,,me getyÂ Sen, rameTu Sen xar klde” (maT. 16,18).

1 iqve.2 S. ZiZiguri, qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriisaTvis... 1959, Tbilisi, gv. 23-29.

236

antonic xSirad xmarobs rameTu kavSirs rom-is mniSvnelobiT, Tumca aseTi magaliTebi romel-Tan SedarebiT naklebia:

,,mis Tana gansuenebaÁ movigo miT, rameTu simarTliT miRebad wina-miZs sikudili...” (316,12).

,,yoveli martÂlTmoyuare uZReb ars hÃsenebisa mimarT maTisa miT, rameTu hÃsenebaÁ vnebisa maTisa moÃseneba ars... vnebaTa iesusTa...” (230,34).

,,xolo iyavn siyuaruli da mSÂdobaÁ... miT, rameTu queyana qarTlisa sakuTar Cemda vici...” (56,33).

,,ara davarRÂvo igi CemTÂs... miT, rameTu uwyi igi Zed Cemda...” (56,33).antonisaTvis araa ucxo viTarmed kavSiris xmareba dRevandeli rom kavSiris

SinaarsiT.,,patiosan ars winaSe uflisa sikudili wmidaTa misTa amisTÂs, viTarmed

sikudili wmidaTa sasmelad cxovrebisad ganasaja gulisxmisyofaman...” (120,11).,,mohswyÂda wmidani... amisTÂs, viTarmed ara Tavs-idues uaris-yofaÁ qristes

RmrTisa...” (70,5).,,... ars gebad ukudavad amisTÂs, viTarmed igonebs igi, ganhsjis da

gamoaCinebs...” (140,4).amrigad, ,,martirikis” mixedviT Cans, rom romel kavSiri dRevandeli rom-is

mniSvnelobiT yvelaze xSirad ixmareba. romel kavSiri romel nacvalsaxelidan aris miRebuli. am nacvalsaxels antoni ,,martirikaSic” iyenebs Tavisi daniSnulebiT:

,,moiTria mÃeci igi samWeduriTa miT, romeli miiRo uflisagan...” (414,9).3. nawilakebi. 1. sxuaTa sityvis o. ,,martirikaSi” is gamoiyeneba citirebisas

da daerTvis zmnas, romelic iwyebs winadadebas:,,hsweren kualad: ,,aRuteveso kaxTa yovelTa ÃmaÁ winaSe dedoflisa...” (25,14).,,hsweren, viTarmed: ,,icxoo Teimuraz mefed qisiys...” (23,19).,,momzraxoben... ganizraxao wmidaman arCil...” (79,1).,,hsTqua: warvideo mZlavrisad da viTxovo...” (77,26).,,uwyebul varT: ,,moiwiao ioanesa brZanebaÁ...” (107,18).,,...aRwyuedil ariso qalaqi Cueni...” (70,18).,,...ityÂs vaxuSti: warugzavnao Ãrmali... mefesa luarsabs...” (57,34).,,...me varo, romelsa wamguara coli Teimuraz...” (34,25). da sxva mravali.saerTod, ,,martirikis” enisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia zogierTi nawilakis zmnaze

darTva, rogorc es mca nawilakTan dakavSirebiT ukve vTqviT, asevea zogjer ca nawilakic:

,,da moagonebdaca mkulelobasa mamisa Zmisa...” (20,3).,,ufrTxodaca farulad, raTa...” (61,2) da sxva mravali.

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b) re nawilaki ,,martirikaSi” Zalian xSiria, Tumca misi funqciis garkveva Wirs, radgan igi Zveli da saSualo qarTuli enis ZeglebSi mainc specifikuri mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda; martirikaSi misi moqmedebis sfero Zalian gazrdilia.

samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom re nawilaki, Cveulebriv, ufroobiTi xarisxis formebs axlavs, radgan garda nairi, saxis mniSvnelobisa, romelic mas zmnisarTebze darTuls aqvs (eg re), mas mcired, odnav mniSvnelobac aqvs zmnebTan da zmnizedebTan xmarebisas1. ,,martirikaSi” re nawilaks es mniSvneloba SeiZleba hqondes zedsarTavis ufroobiT formebTan:

,,RmrTisa mier uadvilesre SesaZlebel ars...” (175,20).,,umwuerualesiTre trfialebiT Semsmel sasmelisa uflisasa...” (230,16).magram ufro gaurkvevelia misi funqcia moqmedebiT da viTarebiT brunvebSi

dasmul zedsarTav saxelebTan. albaT, antoni mas imave mniSvnelobiT xmarobs, rogorc is gamoyenebulia zogjer Zv. qarTuli enis zogierT ZeglSi (mag., ,,xolo aqa gangrZobiladre mogÂTxra wignman”: giorgi mTawmidelis Targmani ,,equsTa dReTa” 30,28, m. kaxaZis gamocema) zedsarTavis dadebiTi xarisxis formebTan ufroobiTi xarisxis gamosaxatavad:

,,Sekrul iyvnes araTu bunebiTiTare hsjuliTa oden...” (286,3).,,WeSmaritiTare mhsjavriTa...” (74,22), ,,axliTare ganaxlebiTa dabadebulsa”

(137,9).patiosniTare (40,17), uxilaviTare (40,32), SereuliTare (51,32), mravliTare

(58,4), mzakuariTare sixaruliTa (59,35), didiTare (18,26).,,romliTaca bunebiTadre mtkicebdes gonebaÁ ganukrTomelad...” (198,9).,,didadre mdinared gamosrulman ganakÂruna Zalni zecisani...” (263,11).,,mkudarTa cocxladre warmomadgenni...” (107,6).,,raTa xati TÂsi... uxrwnelebadre... moiyuanos...” (111,32).,,ufrTxodaca faruladre, raTa...” (61,2).,,uTanasworodre gamocdil iyo...” (60,31).,,mciredre (26,11), anazdadre (18,10), mÃnedre (60,4), mZafradre (32,25),

,,mravalTare iqmoda mogonebaTa...” (175,14) da sxva mravali.magram re nawilakis funqciis dadgena arsebiTi saxelis, ricxviTi saxelisa

da sawyisebis wrfelobiT, moqmedebiT da viTarebiT brunvebTan Wirs;,,zafxulre” (54,26); ,,aRhsdga tabliTre” (61,33); ,,ficiTare (29,7); ,,oradre

(21,14); ,,ganTÂsebiTre (30,30); ,,brZanebiTare (24,6); ,,madlobiTre (30,14); ,,zakÂTre (23,4); ,,romelTa Soris doRmatistoriadre meqmi ars mamamTavari... besarion...” (14,26).

1 d. meliqiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 98. a. SaniZe, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tbilisi, 1953, gv. 662.

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ukanaskneli magaliTebis mixedviT SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom re nawilaki ,,martirikaSi” ufro stilistikuri mosazrebiT ixmareba, vidre garkveuli gramatikuli mniSvnelobiT da rom mas dakarguli aqvs gramatikuli funqcia.

g) nawilaki ye sakmao odenobiTaa warmodgenili ,,martirikaSi”. is ixmareba gardauvali orpiriani da gardamavali sampiriani zmnebis me-2 da me-3 irib-obieqturi piris mravlobiT ricxvSi da inversiuli formebis me-3 subieqtur pirSi1 iseve, rogorc qarTuli enis ramdenime dialeqtSi. rogorc cnobilia, Zvel qarTul enaSi iribi obieqtis mravlobiToba ar aRiniSneboda, Tanamedrove qarTulSi ki iribi obieqtis mravlobiTobis aRsaniSnavad gamoiyeneba “T”. antonis ,,martirika” am sakiTxSi Wrel suraTs gvaZlevs. mis teqstebSi mravladaa dadasturebuli samive SemTxveva erTi da imave formebisaTvis. 1. Zveli qarTulis norma: ar aRiniSneba iribi obieqtis ricxvi. 2. mravlobiTis niSnad gamoyenebulia T da v. 3. gamoyenebulia dialeqturi ye nawilaki. Cven mxolod ori ukanasknelis magaliTebs vaCvenebT:

,,varskulavTa moZravTa aqusye TÂToeulsa RerZi TÂsi...” (36,9).,,romelTa aqusye TÂsebaÁ eseguari...” (191,27).,,rameTu maT Sinagan aqundaye dasaSretel cecxlisa wyali...” (190.16).,,romeli angelosTa hsurisye Seswavebad...” (XIX, 589, 19).,,hrwmenaye aRmTqmelisa mis mimarT...” (166,29).,,sircxÂliTa wiwneulebad moiyuanebdaye sakÂruelebaÁ uRmrToebisa...”

(19,26).,,saWirod SemouÃdaye Soris iZulebad...” (407,27).,,Seuracxiesye borotad gansluaÁ maTi...” (158,1).,,numca dagviwyebiesye hÃsenebaÁ Cemi locuaTa Sina...” (97,12).,,da moaqusye mowameTaTÂs... romelTame sityuani...” (137,14).,,ver dabrkolebel Sesulad didebasa Sina qristessa eqmnaye...” (323,12).,,aramed mouRebiesye suli Svilebisa...” (254,12).,,viTarmed daumtkicebiesye gansazRurebaÁ ese anu ganCenaÁ...” (341,16).,,vinaÁca sulman RmerTTmTavarman uqmnaye... wyaroTa simrguleÁ... “ (360,7).,,rameTu muRaban aCndaye maTi igi sxÂsa qadagebisa SedgomaÁ...” (364,19) da sxva mravali.magram: ,,amiT taf-WalaTa... aqusT CueulebaÁ...” (201,12).,, TÂT dahsjili ukue aqundaT gulissityuaÁ...” (196,29).,,aqusT sxuaobaÁ queSeganwualebiTi...” (36,32).,,viTar ara sircxÂl giCnsT saxelisdebad RmrTad...” (115,26).,,rameTu cxovrebaÁ angelosebri moaqusT ÃorcTa Sina...” (108,28).,,romelTame moaqusT... samoselni...”,,daRaTu ghsursT friad sikudili Cueni...” (137,27).

1 a. SaniZe, anton I-is gavlena saliteraturo qarTulze, 1964, gv. 76.

239

,,arRa mouRebiesT suli gonebisa...” (254,110.,,romelTaca... mougiesT saRmrToÁ ganbrwyinuebaÁ...” (134,22).,,xolo Tquen... uar-giyofiesT Semoqmedi Tqueni da SegiracxiesT ese keTil-

gonierebad...” (279,20-21).,,borcuTa da mTaTa zeda aRhyavsT mdinareni...’ (107,5).,,sasmeli ese sikudilisa, romeli gipyriesT ÃelTa Sina...” (262,5).,,Sesaxedavisa simwuane hsurisT TualTa brZenTasa...” (361,16).,,rameTu piriTa aRiarebdes ufalsa iesus da hrwmenaT guliTa...” (362,28).,,yovelTa meZiebelTa TÂsTa epoebisT RmerTi...” (350,6).rogorc vnaxeT, ,,martirikisaTvis” damaxasiaTebelia aseTi paralelebi:

aqusT-aqusye, hrwmenaT – hrwmenaye, giCnsT – uCndaye, moaqusT – moaqusye, mouRebiesT – mouRebiesye da sxva mravali. da mainc unda aRiniSnos, rom ye nawilakiani zmnebi T-anian formebTan SedarebiT naklebia, dominirebs iribi obieqtis mravlobiTobis aRniSvnis is forma, romelic Tanamedrove qarTulenaSi damkvidrda mcireodeni fonetikuri cvlilebebiT (aqusT-aquT, ghsursT-gsurT da sxv.). am sakiTxSi, etyoba, antonma misi drois sasaubro enis gavlena ganicada, Tumca saboloo arCevani dialeqturi formebidan ar gaukeTebia.

d) nawilaki sadame ,,martirikaSi” Zveli qarTulis same nawilakis mniSvnelobiT unda ixmarebodes; sadame-s dRevandeli qarTuli enis ki nawilakis Sinaarsi aqvs. es ufro im magaliTebiT Cans, sadac sadame Tu kavSirTan erTadaa warmodgenili, aq mas Tuki-s mniSvneloba aqvs.

,,xolo Tu sadame ara moklas, erCdesmca..., igi...” (147,34).,,Tu sadame SesaZlebel iyosmca...” (148,5).,,Tu sadame ara ismino...” (243,10).,,da Tu sadame ara mividemca...” (59,17).,,da Tu sadame STavcÂvneTca ÃelTa Sina barbarosTasa...” (70,19).ufro Znelia sadame nawilakis mniSvnelobis dadgena Tu-s gareSe, magram Tu

sadame Zveli qarTulis same nawilakis eqvivalentia, igi imave mniSvnelobiT unda ixmarebodes. es Cans orive formis Semcvel winadadebaTa SedarebiT:

aw ukue Tavisufal same arian Svilni (m. 17,26); ,,piri same cisaÁ iciT gamocdad” (m. 16.3); ,,aha, viTar same uyuarda igi” (i. 11,36). qvemoT CamoTvlil winadadebebSi sadame marTlac amave mniSvnelobiT ixmareba:

,,gina mowyale da saxier ars sadame bunebiT da amisTÂs uyuars wyaloba da mhsjavri uflisa...” (356,21).

,,xolo orad sadame wualebul SiSi uflisa...” (354,26).,,rad sadame ganaSoreb Cemgan colsa Cemsa...?” (96,19).Sdr. iakob xucesi: ,,gamomec coli Cemi, rad ganmaSoreb Cemgan?” (Zv. qar.

agiogr. lit. Zeglebi, 1, 19,19).

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`rameTu ixila man sadame TÂs Soris mosruli satrfialoÁ TÂsi...” (76,17).4. sakavSirebeli sityva vina//vinaÁ. vinaÁ da misi variantebi Zv. qarTul

literaturul ZeglebSi sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT ixmareba, romelTagan ZiriTadia adgilis zmnizedis gamoxatva, magram ,,Zveli qarTulis mogviano xanis enaSi (IX, X, XIss.) martivi winadadebebis farglebSi Tavisi ZiriTadi mniSvnelobis – lokalobis semantikis gadmocemis gverdiT iZens meore funqcias. esaa kauzalobis semantikis gamoxatva. amgvarad, igi mizezis zmnizedacaa, udris amitom, amis gamo”1. petriwis TxzulebebSi vinaÁ im mniSvnelobiT, romelic mas Zvel qarTulSi aqvs, iSviaTad ixmareba da ZiriTadad saidanac, ris gamoc, aqedan gamomdinare, amgvarad, maSasadame mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari2.

antonis ,,martirikaSi” vina (ufro naklebad vinaÁ), vinaÁca formebi Zalian xSirad gvxvdeba, magram mas arc erTxel ara aqvs lokalobis semantikuri mniSvneloba. is yovelTvis gadmogvcems amitom, amis gamo zmnizedis Sinaars. xSirad vina-vinaÁc, iwyebs winadadebas da logikuri daskvnis Sinaarss atarebs (Sdr. am mniSvnelobiT misi xmarebis SemTxvevebi petriwis enaSi3):

,,...viTarmed saqmeni grigorisni iyunes niadag qristesTÂs, vina ara hsca grigori adgili vnebasa gulficxelobisasa...” (379,29).

,,movida RmerTi... da daemkÂdra mis Soris, vina SemZlebel iqmna amiT yovelTave msaxurebaTa aRsrulebad...” (414,18).

,,me miÃms Sen mier naTlisRebva da Sen Cemda moxuala? vina SeuZlebel arso Cemda uaRresisa Zalisa Cemisa moRebisa Sekadrebad...” (408,22).

,,vina Sewevnisagan gareganisa moklebulTa cixisSinaTa zavi iTxoves...” (291,1).,,vina esenica keTil arian, xolo vinaÁTgan keTil arian, maSasadame, sawadel

arian...” (68,22).,,vina Tana-guacs sikudili kacisa amis eseguari...” (132,13).,,vina saTanado ars Cuenda naturad wmidani mowameni qristesni...” (158,10).,,vina ÃsenebaÁ misi qebiTurT...” (267,21).,,vina sakÂruel-hyofs ufali nebasa TÂssa maT Soris” (208,24).,,vina vakurTxo ufali yovelsa Jamsa...” (356,23).,,vina miuzRoT martÂlTa... jildoÁ... da SeuTxzaT gÂrgÂni...” (283,35).igive mniSvneloba aqvs vinaÁca nawilakian formebs. amitomac igic daskvnis

Sinaarss aZlevs winadadebas. moviyvanT mxolod ramdenime magaliTs:,,vinaÁca uwyebul hyues mefeÁ...” (280,29).,,vinaÁca brZanebuli ganCinebaÁ mZlavrisa miiRo sixaruliT...” (245,21).,,...vinaÁca Seizraxnes msaxurni cecxlisani...” (132,3).

1 S. ZiZiguri, qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriisaTvis, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 290.2 d. meliqiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 163.3 iqve, gv. 164.

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,,...vinaÁca dRes amas cxovrebisasa Seewia maT RmerTi, rameTu...” (205,4).,,vinaÁca mtarualni igi... miaqcivna karvebad...” (151,33).vina-s, vfiqrobT, zogjer SeiZleba hqondes radgan mizezis zmnizedis

mniSvnelobac. es moulodneli araa, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom vinaÁTgan-s Zvel qarTulSi radgan-is mniSvneloba hqonda:

,,xolo mowameTa WeSmaritebisaTa dadues suli TÂsi misTÂs, romelmanca hsTqua: ,,me var WeSmariteba”, vina mowameTa friad Seiyuares igi...” (267,11).

,,xolo qeba vinaÁTgan igi ars, romeli aRricxavs srulebaTa sxuaTasa da ÃsenebaÁ kostantinesi qebiTurT, vina saTanado ars aRricxua srulebaTa misTa...” (267,24).

,,vina ukueTu sadame ars suli, maSasadame, ukudavica miiRos adgili...” (140,6).5) maSasadame, sakavSirebeli sityva antonis wina periodis saeklesio

mwerlobis ZeglebSi ar ixmareba. petriwis enaSi bevri magaliTia dadasturebuli am mniSvnelobiT maSa-s xmarebisa1. mis nacvlad Zvel qarTulSi vinaÁ, vidremde, ukue ixmareboda. maSasadame antonis enaSi sasaubro enidan unda iyos Semotanili. is Sedgenilia maSa da sadame nawilakebis SeerTebiT.

,,romelica ars... gonebaÁ da sityua da cxovel, maSasadame, ukudavica...” (139,16).

,,ara arian RmerTni ese martiv, maSasadame, SesaZlebel arian daÃxsnad kerZoTad...” (139,21).

,,vina ukudav sadame ars suli, maSasadame, ukudavica miiRos adgili...” (140,6).,,kualad, maSasadame, yoveli mcodueli krZalulebisad – mcoduel

sarwmunoebisa mimarT...” (354,8).,,maSasadame, mcodueli sibrZnisad – mcoduel krZalulebisad...” (354,8).,,maSasadame, netarsa da monasa uflisa RmrTisasa... verRara eZlo monebad...”

(383,4).,,vinaÁTgan keTil arian, maSasadame, sawadel arian...” (68,23).6) esTa viTarebis zmnizedis mniSvnelobiT Zalian xSirad ixmareba

,,martirikaSi” esreT zmnizedis monacvled da ase, amnairad, amgvarad Tanamedrove xmarebis zmnizedebis Sinaarsi aqvs.

,,da esTa SeaerTebs visme...” (198,29).,,...romliTa esTa Semkravs Cuen hsjuli bunebiTi...” (285,33).,,mizezman wmidisa wlisaman esTa Zruad iwyo...” (23,17).,,vina esTa moigonebisa... Semoqmedi... sul ars martiv...” (356,9) da sxva

mravali.magram:,,esreT ZliTi-Zlad misrulni... mimadlebul iqmnes...” (198,32).

1 d. meliqiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 169.

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rogorc Cans, esTa antonis enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli siaxlea.kompozitebi. ,,martirika” kompozitebis siuxviT xasiaTdeba. antonis mier

gamoyenebuli Tu Sedgenili kompozitebis gamorCeva ,,martirikis” teqstSi advilia vizualuradac, radgan aq antoni xmarobs garemorTxmuls. Cven ar SevudgebiT ,,martirikaSi” kompozitebis saxeebis daxasiaTebas, aRvniSnavT mxolod erT Taviseburebas: antonis midrekilebas rTuli sityvebis Seqmnisken. Cven mxedvelobaSi gvavqs e.w. sammagi rTuli sityvebi:

,,keTil-meTn-mmkacre” (37,4).,,mklav-magar-kueTani” (49,25).,,uJam-udro-uweliwdoni” (15,19).,,RÂno-smul-yofasa Sina” (51,28) da sxv.leqsika. ,,martirikis” leqsikuri arsenali metad mdidaria. ,,martirikis”

leqsika asaxulia leqsikonSi, romelic erTvis teqstis gamocemas, magram cotaodeni ram mainc unda iTqvas sagangebod. aqve davZenT, rom antoni SesaniSnavad icnobs Zveli qarTuli enis arqaul leqsikas da iyenebs mas.1.

antonis ,,martirikaSi” moinaxeba leqsikuri erTeulebi, romlebic nasesxebia berZnulidan, magram Zveli qarTuli enis ZeglebSi TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba. Cven ver vityviT, rom aseTi leqsika antonma pirvelma ixmara, magram nawili am leqsikisa rom TandaTanobiT damkvidrda qarTul enaSi da dResac ixmareba, amaSi antonis damsaxurebac udavoa. aseTi leqsika or nawilad unda warmovadginoT:

a) berZnulidan momdinare leqsikuri erTeulebi, romlebic ar damkvidrda qarTulSi (berZnuli Sesatyvisobani ix. leqsikonSi).

avqsoni – mwerali (369,1 da mravaljer).antlia – tolCa (265,9).apodiqsika – codna, romelic gamoricxavs sawinaaRmdegos arsebobas (407,24).aRalma – qandakeba (270,16).gnomi – Secnobis unari (325,23 da mravaljer).epifania – zedapiri (167,27).vutmo – balaxi (338,8).Tronos – taxti (330,12).indalma – saxe (образ) (370,17).irise – cisartyela (168,6).kentro – centri (342,1; damkvidrda centris formiT gvian).latria – saRmrTo? (161,34).limena – navsadguri (160,14).limo – limonis xe (249,34).mavi – lurji (283,10).peleRo – zRva (Tu misi napiri) (190,18).

243

pinaqs – sarCevi (418,22).psixi – suli (184,12).sira – rigi, wyeba (14,16 da mrav. ixmar. ,,vefxistyaosanSi”).solinari - wyalsadeni (162,5).b) is leqsikuri erTeulebi, romlebic yvela antonis Semotanili Tu ar aris,

mainc am periodSi Cndeba saeklesio literaturaSi, damkvidrda qarTulSi da dResac imave mniSvnelobiT ixmareba: aromati (188,35), atmosfera (13,,3), gnosi (287,16), disko (383,16), egspedicia (338,26), ekvatori (191,32), ekliptiki (191,32), Teoretika (355,24), idea (165,16), merediani (249,6), monarxia (259,23 da mrav.), politikosi (moqalaqe, 326,31), praqtikosoba (327,3), provincia (260,28), sintaqsi (327,18), sistema (184,7), sekundi (255,38), sÂlogizmo (342,20), sxolastikosi (325,37), fargali (358,17) da sxva.

2. unda gamovyoT is leqsika, romelic sxvaenovani warmoSobisaa, magram antons rusulis gziT unda Semoetana (,,martirika” daiwera antonis ruseTidan dabrunebis Semdeg): ataki (атака frang. attaque, 20,12 da xSirad), monarxia (berZ. monaρcha 259,23), muskuli (laT. musculus), provincial (laT. provincial; 260,28), sekundi (laT. secunda 255,38), sfera (sphaera) da kidev bevri sxva, romelic Cven SeiZleba pirdapir berZnulidan an laTinuridan Semotanili gvegonos, amas gvavaraudebinebs angelos sityvis zogjer angel (427,8), angelTad formiT xmareba (Sdr. rus. ангел).

3. aRniSvnis Rirsia is leqsika, romelic antonis Seqmnilia gramatikuli kategoriebisaTvis, damkvidrda Tanamedrove qarTul enaSi da ,,martirikaSic” ixmareba: awmyo (193,31), namyo (19,30), myobadi (193,32), qvemdebare, sintaqsi, winadadeba da sxva.

4. aqve unda davasaxeloT is sityvebi, romelTac antonis ,,martirikaSi” dRevandeli Sinaarsi aqvs, xolo Zvel qarTul enaSi gansxvavebuli niuansiT ixmareboda: arseba (121,10), Tanamedroe (19,10), TÂseba (191,27), TanÃmaeba (84,4), moqmedeba (19,7), moZravoba (179,1) da sxv.

sintaqsis zogierTi sakiTxi

,,martirikis” enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sintaqsis zogierT sakiTxze saubari Cven morfologiaSi mogvixda (msazRvrel-sazRvrulis brunvaSi da ricxvSi SeTanxmeba, romel kavSiri daqvemdebarebul winadadebaSi, mca kavSiris sintaqsuri funqcia da sxva) da aq aRar gavimeorebT. amjerad Cven mxolod ramdenime sakiTxs SevexebiT:

1. masdaruli konstruqcia. rogorc cnobilia, viTarebiTSi dasmuli masdari Zvel qarTulSi infinitivis mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda iseve, rogorc sxva enaTa

244

infinitivi. viTarebiTSi dasmuli masdari xSirad rTuli winadadebis monacvlea qarTulSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi misi Semcveli winadadeba hipotaqsur Sinaarss gamoxatavda1.

,,martirikaSi” masdarul konstruqcias antoni Zalian xSirad mimarTavs rTuli winadadebis SemoklebiT miznis garemoebis gamosaxatavad. ,,daidua gulsa TÂssa dadebad suli TÂsi” (59,14) (Sdr. ,,daidva gulsa TÂssa, raÁTa dasdvas suli TÂsi”).

,,da mosrulsa mefesa awÂa Sah-abas Wamad Tevzi...” (61,24); (Sdr... ,,raTa Wamos Tevzi”).

,,giorgi izraxa moxdad saxlsa Sina TÂssa mefeÁ da... RÂnosmul-yofasa Sina Cuenebad daÁ TÂsi...” (51,26; Sdr... ,,raTa moxados... da aCuenos...”).

,,coladca moyuanebad inebos igi” (51,33). (Sdr. ,,inebos, raTa coladca moiyvanos igi”).

,,vevedrebiT simdabliT... micemad mefeTad samefoni TÂsni” (57,16).,,efuca... aRsrulebad yoveli ese...” (57,26).,,viTarmed SesaZlebel ars Cemda ZÂri yofad...” (59,37).,,mawÂo uarisyofad qristÀ...” (61,29).,,da ayenebda xarksac micemad keisrisa...” (220,32).,,brZana Sepyrobad wmida igi...” (81,11).,,mnebavs aRwerad Ruawlni Senni...” (92,6).,,iyo... mecadin TÂsdami midrekad gulni yovelTa qarTuelTani“ (51,12).,,brZana mtarualTad uwyalod cemad piri da Rawuni misi...” (148,8).arcTu iSviaTia magaliTebi, rodesac antoni msgavsi SemTxvevebisaTvis iyenebs

ara viTarebiTSi dasmul sawyiss, aramed saxelobiTSi:,,ara inebes... SewynarebaÁ da datevebad qristes RmrTisa...” (294,4).,,brZana gantevebaÁ disa misisa da Sepyrobadca giorgi...” (54,23).,,izraxes SepyrobaÁ giorgisa da gantevebaÁ disa misisa...” (54,27).,,ubrZana mTavarTa maT misulaÁ konstantines mimarT...” (280,19).,,cxadad uyues mowamesa qristessa ganCinebaÁ sikudilisa...” (280,22).,,SeuZlebel ars gandrekaÁ misi...” (280,17).,,ara Tavs-idva... gamosulaÁ... da SeerTebad msaxurTa Tana...” (100,19).,,ubrZana... waryuanebaÁ evstaTisi... da idumal warkueTad... Tavi misi...”

(225,26).iwyebs zmnasTan ,,martirikaSi” Cveulebriv viTarebiTSi dasmuli masdaria

warmodgenili:,,iwyo kualad mowameman misda sityuad...” (241,23).,,esTa Zruad iwyo...” (23,17).

1 d. meliqiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 194.

245

,,wmidaman iwyo tirilad da godebad...” (100,5).,,iwyes vedrebad... (366,11) da sxva.aqve unda ganvixiloT viTarebiT brunvaSi dasmul masdarTan damatebis

brunvis sakiTxi. Zvel qarTulSi masdarTan micemiTsa da saxelobiTSi dasmuli damatebani normaluradaa miCneuli, e.i. masdars SenarCunebuli aqvs zmnuri Zala. aseTi mdgomareoba SenarCunebulia XI saukunis ZeglebSic. ,,martirika” am sakiTxSi TiTqmis Zveli qarTuli enis mdgomareobas asaxavs, ufro sworad, antoni cdilobs Tavis enas arqauloba SeunarCunos: jer movitanoT masdarTan naxmari saxelobiTSi dasmuli damatebis magaliTebi:

,,saTanado ars Cvenda Ãmevad TxrobaÁ marTali...” (44,24).,,ubrZana... cemad igini da aRparsuad Tmani...” (222,5).,,iTxoves ganTavisuflebad sapyrobiliT sanatrelni igi pyrobilni...” (223,2).,,marzpanman brZana ganTavisuflebad wmidani...” (223,4).,,hsZuls gonebasa Cemsa axlore mosulad sityuani Senni...” (297,7).,,esreT saTanado ars miRebad ÃelmwifebaÁ igi...” (410,28).,,izraxa moxdad... mefeÁ da... Cuenebad daÁ TÂsi...” (51,26).,,Wamad Tevzi” (61,27), ,,Wamad xorci” (61,28), ,,yofad ZÂri...” (59,37), ,,Sepyrobad

wmida igi” (81,11), ,,aRwerad Ruawlni (92,6), ,,midrekad gulni” (51,12), ,,micemad... samefoni” (57,16) da sxva mravali.

viTarebiTSi dasmul masdarTan micemiTis magaliTebi ,,martirikaSi” ar gvxvdeba, naTesaobiTis xmareba ki xSiria. es ukanaskneli formebi adreve mkvidrdeba Zvel qarTulSi1 da misi xmareba arc ,,martirikaSia” moulodneli.

,,Sah-abas mecadini gamoRebad cixisa...” (46,30).,,izraxa... maspinZel-yofad mefisa...” (51,27).,,mazraxebelTa... gantevebad qalisa saakaÁZisa...” (54,19).,,mokluad luarsabisa Semdgomad arwmuna Sah-abas...” (64,23) da sxva.2. pasiuri konstruqciebi erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania ,,martirikis”

enisa. aseTi konstruqciebi qarTuli enis bunebisaTvis ar aris Cveulebrivi, magram berZnuli enidan naTargmnma literaturam kvali daamCnia qarTul enas da aseTi konstruqciebic TandaTanobiT momravlda, gansakuTrebiT XI-XII saukunidan. magaliTad, ioane petriwis naTargmn TxzulebebSi aseTi konstruqciebis simravle berZnuli enis gavlenas miewereba2. ,,martirika” originaluri Txzulebaa, magram antoni Warbad xmarobs pasiur konstruqciebs (da es, albaT, upirveles yovlisa ioane petriwis gavlena unda iyos):

,,rameTu maT mier ganefina saxarebaÁ qristesi...” (106,20); (Sdr. ,,rameTu maT ganfines saxarebaÁ qristesi...”).

1 d. CxubianaSvili, infinitivis sakiTxisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi, Tbilisi, 1972, gv. 77.2 d. meliqiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 197.

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,,vinaÁca marzpanisagan brZanebul iqmna...” (114,7).,,monazonTagan vieTme... aRebul iqmnes...” (116,11).,,xolo netarisa xristoforos erwmuna ilarionis mier...” (135,8).,,mefisa mier kiTxul iqmna raJden...” (144,11).,,migebul iqmna mefe naculad kiTxvisa... WeSmaritisagan mÃedrisa...” (144,12).,,esreT quaTa mier qolÂTa gantÂnul iqmna Tavi...” (116,3).,,brZanebiTa mefisaTa iguema friad da ganiCina, raTa warigzavnos igi

mTavrisad romlisame...” (147,20).,,rameTu ganigo CemTÂs qriste Cemisagan sikudili...” (223,34).,,da iqo igi yovelTa zecisa ZalTagan...” (236,18).,,da ukanasknel guezraxa TÂT Tavadisa mier Zisa TÂsisa...” (283,3).,,mermeda sapyrobilesa Sina Seiyena...” (316,27) da sxva mravali.uzmno winadadebebi. uzmno winadadebaTa arsebobas Zvel qarTulSi berZnuli

enis gavlenas miaweren. Cveulebriv gamotovebulia ars meSveli zmna. Znelia vilaparakoT antonis enaze uSualod berZnuli enis gavlenis Sesaxeb, magram SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom igrZnoba garkveuli gavlena petriwisa, Tumca antonis mier uSemasmenlo winadadebebis xmareba marto mimbaZvelobiT ar aris gamowveuli. mas ritorikuli, intensiuri Txrobis gadmocemis specialuri funqcia ekisreba. ,,martirikis” mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, uSemasmenlo winadadebebi gamoyenebulia umetesad im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac antoni mimarTavs ,,Sesxmis” Janrs, romelic TavisTavad moiTxovs amaRlebul, paTetikur weris maneras da sagangebo literaturuli xerxebis gamoyenebas. erT-erTi aseTi xerxTagani swored uSemasmenlo winadadebis gamoyenebac aris. meSveli zmnebis an Sedgenili Semasmenlis zmnuri nawilis CagdebiT miRebuli uzmno winadadebebi didi odenobiT gvxvdeba: ,,maSin nadimni da nadirobani, sixarulni da RmrTisadmi madlobani mefisagan da giorgisa, xolo ukeTurisa misganca, magra zakÂda orgulebiT...” (17,30).

,,maSin kueTebani saSinelni laxtTani da sazarelni igi Zgerebani SubTa da orolTani, aRmowudani da mklavmagarkueTani ÃrmalTani da amiT daTrgunuani da waqeluani da aRwyuedani mZÂnuareni ucxoTeslTani da Zleva yovlad brwyinvale da saxelovani mefisa...” (49,24).

ZiriTadad uzmno winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli Sesxmis stiliT dawerili adgilebi: ,,eha, sakÂrueli ese SecualebaÁ! eha, uxrwnelisa amis keTildReobisa dakueTebaÁ da eha, winaTgamorCevaÁ wmidisa TÂsisa! eha, RmrTisa mimarTa kadnierebisa simaRle mmarxuelobisamieri da krZalulebisa, mogebuli ÃorcTagan ganyrilisa sulisa!...” (125,34). aseTi emociuri uzmno winadadebebi gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia ,,martirikisaTvis” da didi raodenobiT aris

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masSi warmodgenili. xSirad aseT winadadebaTa rigs teqstis mTeli gverdi uWiravs. Cven mxolod ramdenime aseTi magaliTis dasawyiss vaCvenebT:

1. mTavari da damokidebuli winadadeba Semasmenlis gareSea: ,,maSin Seginebani qalwulTani, sikudilni moxucebulTani, viTar verSemZlebelTa tyueobaTa da gardasaxlvisaTa, maSin sikudili mebrZolTa WabukTa armtevebelTa TÂsda tyueobad da gardasaxluad, maSin sikudili mRudelTa da diakonTa...” da a.S. (26,20).

,,martirikaSi” mravlad moipoveba iseTi magaliTebi, rodesac intensiuri Txrobis dros pirvel winadadebaSi aris warmodgenili zmna (damxmare), xolo momdevno winadadebebSi igi igulisxmeba:

,,suli igi netari miiwia mun, sada-igi ars kadri umwvervalesi yovlad wmida usaSualoTa saydarTa, sada – uzesTaesi gonebisa kacobrivisa mRudelmTavrobiTi Semwirueloba ZalTa, sada – msaxurebiTi mdgomareoba mTavrobaTa, sada – saydari..., sada – mhsgavseba..., sada – savsebiT miReba jildoÁsa, sada...” da a.S. (417,23).

aRsaniSnavia aseve ritorikuli mWermetyvelebis iseTi mravali magaliTi, sadac antoni uzmno da zmnian winadadebaTa kombinacias iZleva: mTavari winadadeba uzmnoa, xolo damokidebuli _ zmniani. Tavis mxriv, mTavari winadadebebi TanwyobaSi imyofebian:

,,tkivil Cemda aRjuarua, raTa vhscxovrobde qristes Tana, Cemda sasurvel gangmera, rameTu mwyuris satrfialoÁsadmi Cemisa, Cemda ukue cecxli sawadel, nivTi ganmleveli nawebTa CemTa, rameTu vstrfi, raTa ufros Sevhstrfode, xolo sawyur sikudili, raTa ukudav viqmne ukudavisa Tana...” (121,29).

xSiria magaliTebi, rodesac Tanwyobil winadadebaTa gabmul jaWvSi pirvel mTavar winadadebaSi organuli warmoebis zmna aris warmodgenili, momdevno mTavar winadadebebSi igive zmna mxolod igulisxmeba, TiToeuli maTganis damokidebuli winadadeba ki zmniania: ,,romelnime vhsTqmideT missa keTlSobilebasa da..., romelnime – uzrunuelobasa missa yovlisaTÂs msoflioÁsa, rameTu man WeSmaritebiT Seiyuara ufali..., romelnime – missa nebasa..., rameTu” da a.S. (268,14-270,31; es erTi winadadeba ramdenime gverdze grZeldeba).

,,rameTu romelnime maTi ityoda: ,,RmerTo, RmerTo Cemo....”, sxua - ,,me mZinavs da...”; sxua - ...,,(323,25-324,6).

,,martirikaSi” yvela zemoT dasaxelebuli tipis uSemasmenlo winadadebis raodenoba Zalian didia, magram Cven motanili magaliTebiT davkmayofildebiT. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom msgavsi magaliTebi antonisaTvis ritorikuli stilis erT-erTi saSualeba aris da amdenad is gansxvavdeba im uSemasmenlo

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winadadebaTagan, romlebsac petriwis TxzulebebSi vxvdebiT da romelTa arseboba ZiriTadad berZnuli enis gavleniT aixsneba.

,,martirikis” stilis Taviseburebani. Tuki Cven SevecdebiT miaxloebiT mainc davaxasiaToT antonis enis stilistikuri Taviseburebani ,,martirikis” mixedviT, unda gavixsenoT is enobrivi Taviseburebani, romlebsac Cven ukve SevexeT: es iqneba zogierT zmnaTa da saxelTa Taviseburi warmoeba, TandebulTa Taviseburad gamoyeneba (erTi da imave Tandebulis windebulad da ukudebulad gamoyeneba), mimReobaTa Warbad naxmari formebi da sxva Taviseburebani, romelTa erToblioba ,,martirikaSi” mis enobriv stils qmnis, magram ZiriTad stilistikur Taviseburebebs daxasiaTebisas mainc sintaqsis sakiTxebi Seadgens.

1. winadadebis wevrTa rigi. qarTuli enisaTvis bunebrivia, rom martiv winadadebaSi qvemdebare Semasmenelze win idges. Zveli qarTuli enis ZeglebSi, ra Tqma unda, arcTu iSviaTia am Tanmimdevrobis darRvevis SemTxvevebi, rac ukve ama Tu im Zeglis stilistikur TaviseburebebTan aris dakavSirebuli. winadadebis mTavar wevrTa adgilis Senacvleba ,,martirikaSi” logikuri maxvilis gamoxatvas emsaxureba da wminda stilistikuri daniSnuleba aqvs.

,,da amisTÂs ganimarTlebis orgulebasa zeda mefisasa giorgi” (54,16).,,ese yovelni ukue warhmarTna Zelisa mier... ufalman...” (150,9).,,...romelmanca ivno ÃorciTa Zelsa zeda ufalman...” (150,10).,,mrCoblobaÁ vhqmnaT siyuarulisa da erTobisa me da Sen...” (24,2) da sxva

mravali.amave mizans emsaxureba winadadebaSi wevrTa Tavisufali ganlageba:,,ara Tanaswori aCuenes erTgulebrivi ganzraxuaÁ Teimurazs...” (25,2).,,viTarca angelosni RmrTisani SekrebulebaÁ igi qristeaneTa egreT hsCanan

TualTa CemTa winaSe...” (214,10).,,amas Sina Semdgomad dReTa raodenTame konstantine tfilisiT warigzavna

kruli samefod babilonurad qalaqad...” (275,19).,,bagrats Txovisaebr demur Tanawarsca Zali...” (329,6).,,grigoris Soris ugrZnobelobaÁ ver dahsdua mterman...” (379,26).,,grigoris Soris ver hpova mterman adgili moSiSebisa...” (380,1) da sxva

mravali.2. ,,martirikis” stilistikur TaviseburebaSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs

o – sxvaTa sityvis nawilakic. nawilobriv mis Sesaxeb saubari Cven ukve gvqonda, magram aqac unda gavimeoroT, rom Cveulebriv, sxvaTa sityvis o winadadebis bolo wevrs daerTvis _ ara marto zmnas, aramed sxva wevrsac.

,,martirikaSi” o nawilaki yovelTvis zmnas daerTvis, xolo aseTi zmna ki yovelTvis winadadebis TavSia dasmuli, rac winadadebas gansakuTrebul intonacias sZens:

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,,miarTueso laTinTa Sah-abass aTormeti aTasi Tumani...” (34,3).,,viyavo odesme TÂT menelsacxebel (!)...” (244,35).,,aRuteveso kaxTa yovelTa ÃmaÁ...” (25,14).,,miuwerao ese yoveli dedofalman... Zesa TÂssa...” (35,33).,,SesZinao kualad mesamed yaenman...” (25,21) da sxva mravali.unda SevniSnoT, rom o nawilaki ,,martirikaSi” yovelTvis ixmareba pirdapiri

Txrobis dros, antoni mas moxmobili wyaroebis citirebis dros iyenebs. citata TiTqmis yovelTvis o nawilakiani zmniT iwyeba.

3. winadadebis wevrTa gaTiSva. stilistikur TaviseburebaTa Soris winadadebis wevrTa gaTiSva ,,martirikis” yvelaze ufro damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebaa. ,,martirikis” teqstis gagebas yvelaze ufro swored aseTi gaTiSvebis simravle aZnelebs.

a) yvelaze mravalricxovania msazRvrel-sazRvrulis, es iqneba atributuli Tu marTuli msazRvreli, gaTiSvis SemTxvevebi:

,,da trkciali mZÂnuare did-didTa mkmoluareTa ÃSirad gansrevda muguzTa...” (335,36).

,,da zrunva vhyoT sulierTaTÂs amieridan saqmeTa...” (1,15,8).,,Sesabamni RmrTismsaxurebisa TÂsisani Sehswirna cremliT madlobani

RmrTisadmi...” (23,11).,,ara Tanaswori aCuenes erTgulebri ganzraxuaÁ Teimurazs...” (25,2).,,aRuteveso kacTa yovelTa ÃmaÁ winaSe dedoflis tirilisa...” (25,14).,,maSin Ãorcni igi wmidani mrCobliTa ivnebdes tkiviliTa...” (32,30).,,univToÁTa moamrguala fargliTa garemoÁ igi...” (358,17).,,ganRÂZebulsa eocna gonebasa...” (85,34) da sxva uamravi.b) aris ormagi gaTiSulis magaliTebic, rodesac ori sintagma erTimeores

TiSavs:,,da amiT sityuaTa mizeziTa morwmuneTa mhsmenelTa mimarT vhsdga monadirebad

sagulisxmoTa sulTa maTTasa...” (38,10).gvxvdeba Sedgenili Semasmenlis gaTiSvis SemTxvevebic:,,gamouTqmel ukue arian Sromani wmidisani...” (101,4).g) gansakuTrebiT Wirs teqstis Sinaarsis gageba, rodesac gaTiSulia

winadadebaTa nawilebi:,,maSin mefe, dro iyo zafxulisa da, koJorisa zeda, anu Tavsa wavkisisasa

imyofeboda simrTelisaTÂs haerisa...” (54,24).,,da romelTaca TÂT erTisganisa guamisa, romelica gonebisaebr da sityÂsa da

sulisa samoba ars, TÂTkeTiloba igi erTi ixiles gangebulebiT Ãorcielebrsa ugiobelsa xrwnilebasa Sina yofa...” (68,12).

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,,ityÂan, viTarmed zedmhazruelman giorgi, Zmaman misman mrwemman, borotis yofad, romelica mamasa ufro uyuardao, vidre daviTRa, awyina raÁme ZÂris-CuenebaÁ daviTs, romlisaTÂs daviT miuRo mefobaÁ mamasa...” (16,33). A

,,xolo Sah-abas ZÂri igi, romeli aqunda dafaruli gulsa TÂssa mefeTa zeda CuenTa, romelica adriTgan daemarxa, miiRo mizezi...” (24,18).

d) xSiria Serwymul winadadebaSi erTgvarovani wevrebiT gaTiSvis magaliTebi:,,garna didsulTa mowameTa tkbiladre Sesues da sixaruliT sasmeli igi...”,,erTiTa naTliTa eluareobidan da samiTa erTiTa arsebisaTÂs...” (193,22).4. ritorikuli stili. ,,martirikis” is adgilebi, sadac avtori mimarTavs

mowameTa Sesxma-qebas, amaRlebuli paTetikuri maneriTaa dawerili da ritorikuli stilis mraval nimuSs Seicavs. uzmno winadadebebze saubrisas Cven aRvniSneT, rom aseTi winadadebebis siWarbe, maTi monacvleoba zmnian winadadebebTan qmnis Tavisebur kolorits da antonis enis stilisaTvis erT-erT damaxasiaTebeli niSania. erTgvari intonaciiT dakavSirebul winadadebaTa rigSi TiToeuli winadadebis TavSi erTi da igive Sorisdebulis, romelime zmnizedis an nacvalsaxelis ganmeorebiT antoni aRwevs daZabuli, emociebiT datvirTuli suraTis daxatvas. uzmno winadadebTa ganxilvisas aseTi magaliTebi warmovadgineT. aq ki aseTi daniSnulebiT naxmar Cveulebriv winadadebebs movitanT:

a) vinme//visme. ,,vin-me ukue esreT univTod mlocuel sxua viTar ese, romelmanca moiRo ZlevaÁ ÃorcTa zeda da, udides vhsTqua, bunebasa zeda? vin-me sadame esreT Semoikriba erTbaSad TxovaÁ mecnier da keTilad da aRsrulebisa uiWueli sasoebaÁ? vis-me sadame hkdemoda erTa Ãelisagan da pirisa mRudelTasa? vin-me sadame ufro Seamkua da ganamdidrna wmidani ekklesiani? vin-me ufros pativ-hsca yovelTa saxesa sibrZnis moyuarebisasa? vin-me ufro ganlina Ãorcni marxÂTa da...” a.S. (22,4).

b) esreT. ,,esreT uar-iyofodes Ãorcni wmidaTagans, esreT ijmnides wmidani soflisagan, esreT qristes eziarebodes, esreT sarwmunoebasa missa mimarT wmidaTa siyuaruliTa... ganaSuenebdes, esreT beWdiTa... cxovrebasa ÃorcTa Sina TÂsTa moigebdes, esreT sulTa TÂsTa wmidaTa gonebasa... iqmodes da... amRudelmoqmedebdes...! (164,5-15).

g) maSin. ,,maSin Seginebani qalwulTani... maSin sikudili mebrZolTa WabukTa... maSin sikudili mRudelTa...” (26,20).

d) aha. ,,aha, gundi hrCeuli krZalulebisa...!” aha, macxovreblobaÁ angelosebri...! aha, sxeulni dawulilebulni marxÂsa mier...! aha, nebsiT saWurisni sasufevelisaTÂs caTasa! aha, mamakacni nebsiT ganmcemelni TavTa TÂsTani...! aha, Sekrebuleba dabal-mzraxuelTa...!” (192,13-22).

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e) dinamikur TxrobaSi zogjer warsuli drois moqmedeba gadmocemulia awmyos mwkrivSi mdgari zmnebiT: ,,abo... Seiwynarebs siyuaruliT... saxarebasa..., aRiarebs yovelTa gangebulebaTa misTa, erCis yovelTa mocemulTa mociqulTagan..., miiRebs yovelTa hsjulisdebaTa mamobrivTa moZRurebaTagan..., Seiwynarebs wmidasa samebas TÂs Soris, adÂl iswaveben saRmrToTa... werilTa...” (134,26-34). Cven mxolod ramdenime tipiuri magaliTi vaCveneT, romlis msgavsi Zalian bevria ,,martirikaSi”.

5. ,,martirikaSi” gamoyenebuli mxatvruli Txrobis saSualebani. antoni udaod Txrobis didi ostatia. ,,martirikis” yvela TxzulebaSi Cans misi didi erudicia da Txrobis logikuri siRrme, filosofiisa da dogmatikis sakiTxebis Rrma codna da am codnis logikuri dakavSireba Txrobis ZiriTad TemasTan. TiToeuli Txzulebis Sesavali warmoadgens antonis filosofiur-dogmatikuri ganswavlulobis demonstrirebas, Tumca is TviTmizani ar aris da yovelTvis dakavSirebulia mowamis sulier gancdebTan. romelime filosofiuri Tu dogmatikuri debulebis warmosaCenad antoni SesaniSnavad iyenebs wyaroebs (ZiriTadad Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebs), maT simboliur da alegoriul mxatvrul xerxebs da yvelafers amas umorCilebs mTavari debulebis srulad warmoCenas, xolo am ukanasknels organulad ukavSirebs ama Tu im moRvawis Tu moRvaweTa jgufis Tavganwirvis mizezebs da amtkicebs maTi moqmedebis gardauvalobas.

yuradRebas imsaxurebs antonis mxatvruli enac. antonis Rrma da rTuli azrebi umetesad SesaniSnavi mxatvruli xerxebiTaa gadmocemuli, xSiria avtoriseuli SeniSvnebi Txrobis procesSi, is xSirad gamoTqvams Tavis damokidebulebas Txrobis obieqtTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi momentis Sesaxeb, xSirad komentars ukeTebs saRmrTo wignebidan motanil citatebs, e.i. ganmartavs maT mniSvnelobas. TiToeuli Txzulebis garkveul monakveTSi antoni himnografis rolSi gvevlineba da sxvadasxva ritorikuli xerxis gamoyenebiT qebas asxams Sesxmis sagans.

antonis mxatvruli Txrobis yvela momentis Cveneba gaWirdeba, amitom TiTo-orola magaliTs movitanT:

a) avtoriseuli SeniSvnebi:,,xolo vgoneb amisTÂs TÂnier iWÂsa, ese samoil igi ars, romelmanca

drosa mamaTmTavrobisa sxÂsa samoilissa, pativiTa arxidiakonman, saRmrToni saidumloni ganumartna netarsa evstaTi da cnobad WeSmaritebisa moiyvana igi...” (227,17).

,,mecnier var Zalisa Cemisa, viTarmed ver SemZlebel iqmnen enani igi Tqmad...” (267,35).

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,,ese ukue winamdebarebaÁ Cemda galobad da qebad siyrmiTgan CemiT, viTarmed uwinares monazonebad moslvisaca mieriT, odes-igi mwignobar viqmen, Tu hsTqua, wiaRsave Sina dedisasa yofisa drosa uwyebul-qmnaman simÃneTa misTagan da qristesTÂs ZlevaTa sasuruel Cemda hyues da adriTgan daidua Cem Soris...” (306,24-28).

,,saTanado vidremde ars Cemda ara datevebad evstaTi..., romelmanca Seamko sisxliTa qalaqi, sada-igi viSev, da unjad... dadebiTa TÂsisa... sxeulisaTa ekklesiaÁ igi..., romlisa marTebiTi winamZRurebaÁ anu mwyemsobaÁ miviRe uRirsad...” (211,13-17) da sxva.

b) avtori xSirad istorikos-komentatoris rolSi gamodis, ganmartebas iZleva romelime Zveli Cveulebisa Tu istoriuli faqtis Sesaxeb: ,,da xuTTa ZÂrismoqmedTa mis Tana ZeliTa sikudilsa ganaCinebdes, rameTu cnobadmde WeSmaritebisa wmidisa mier da mociqulTa hsworisa konstantine TÂTmpyrobelisa yovelsa sofelsa hsjulisagan mefobiTisa ZeliTa sikudilad daisjebodin udides ZÂrismoqmedni...” (148,34).

,,viTar-igi mZleni makedonelni, moqceulni indiaT nebiTa aleqsandre didisaTa, ÃelTa TÂsTa mier yuaviliTa gÂrgÂnosan iqmnes. da alkiviados didisa ZlevisaTÂs, romeli miiRo lakdemonelTa zeda, aTinelTagan TanmoqalaqeTa TÂsTa ZÂrfasiTa oqroÁsa gÂrgÂnosan iqmna...” (284,1-6).

g) Zalian sainteresoa antonis erTi komentari, romelic CarTulia Salva axalcixelis wamebis teqstSi: antoni saistorio wyaroebze dayrdnobiT aRniSnavs, rom iovane aTabagi, romelic sardlobda qarTvelTa laSqars garnisis brZolaSi jalaldinis winaaRmdeg da romelsac igi adanaSaulebs qarTvelTa damarcxebaSi, am dros farulad ,,monazonqmnili iyoo” da iqve komentars ukeTebs am faqts;

,,romlisad umjobes iyo da Cuendaca sayoflad savaneÁ memxoloeTa, romliTa ufrore Tavisuflad ganibertyda ÃorcTa da sulsa... xolo Cuen nuTu ganvereniTmca maSindelisagan yovlad mZÂnuarisa aRspobisa...” (311,19-24).

d) antoni saRmrTo wignebidan zogierTi adgilis ganmartebasac iZleva:,,vhsWame puri Cemi TafliT CemiT” (qeba 5,1), ese igi SecualebiTa miT TqmuliTa:

xolo bunebisaTa sitkboebasa saTnosa TÂssa adinebs siZe xilTagan da TÂT puri igi cxovrebisa saxelsa TÂssa zedwodebul-hyofs maT zeda...” (250,18-21).

,,xolo kualad: ,,vhsu RÂnoÁ Cemi sZiTa CemiTa” (qeba 5,1). ese igi SecualebiTa miT: patiosniTa bunebisa xilTaTa adinebs siZe xilTa maTgan...” (iqve). ,,romelni hyofen ,,erTsa dabeWdulsa wyarosa” (qeba 4,12), ese igi erTsa da masve wmidasa gulisxmis-yofasa, anu erTsa hazrsa wmidasa, romelman Sehkribna mraval=bevr nakadulni igi erTad wyarod da dahÃSna, raTa ukudavisa siZisagan ucxoTa da

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miuTualuelTa hazrTa da warmodgomaTa bnelTa da SereulTa da ganhsjaTa cruTa ver ganaRon igi...” (250,27-33).

e) ,,martirikaSi” bevri adgili mxatvruli sityvis SesaniSnavi nimuSia, sityvis namdvili ostatis naxelavi, raSic ramdenime ara sagangebod SerCeuli adgilis motaniTac SeiZleba davrwmundeT:

,,da odes aRmobrwyindes mze sxeulsa Tualsa Sina, ugrZnobel iqmnen TualTagan varskulavni...” (87,4).

,,viTar-igi wÂmiersa Rrubelsa Sina anu wyliTa aRusebulsa burTsa Sina brolisasa savsed mosrulman Saravandedman mziurman gamohscnes ferni Suenierni sxuadasxuani...” (237,31-33).

,,xolo borcÂ ese yuavilovan hyo, rameTu dahsTesna mis Soris sityuani saxarebisani da ara hsca adgili drosa aRmoslÂsa maTisasa ,,aRmosulad ekalTa queynierTa zrunuaTa, raTa SeaSTuesmca nayofierebaÁ Teslisa” (maTe 13,7), `arcaRa utevna mosulad mfrinuelni aRkrebad da SeWmad”, ,,romelni-igi hfrinavnn (!) dRisi” (fsal. 90,51), ̀ vercaRa simWirseman sicxisa mÃurualebisaman ganaÃmo, rameTu queyanasa Sina keTilsa daeba Ziri...” (211,36-212,6).

,,da maT yovelTa Soris erToba mzisa, RmrTisa TÂToeulebiTa maTiTa iqadagebis, viTar-igi mravalTa oqroÁsa WurWelTa sxuadasxuaguarad danakueTTa ÃelovnebaÁ oqroÁsmWedlisa misve da erTisa icnobebodes...” (229,1-4).

,,xolo quaTa zeda TreviTa nawevarni dahÃsndebodian da kuerTxebiTa myovar guemisa ZliT mguemelni mowamisani mouZlurdebodian...” (146,22).

,,da esreT badesa wmidaTa sityuaTa misTasa Sewyudeulni simravleni gulmxmelTa TevzTan miarTuna ujerkulod momavlinebelsa TÂssa...” (117,11).

,,maSin gansacdelTa siZneleni wmidisad da wmida moTmineÁ gansacdelTad daimrCobleboden...” (27,12).

,,iqmna WeSmaritad niSan mSÂdobisa irised ganWrelebul: wiTlad – sisxliTa vnebisaTa wmidiTa, mzisfer – yovliTa saTnoebaTa monebisa ZliT..., mwuaned – niadag areobiTa da dauberebeliTa keTilobisaTÂs TÂs Soris mogebiTa, iisfer – mglovarebisaca TÂs Soris qonebiTa...” (78,25).

,,satanjuelni... nu dacxromadnia da moklebadni, romelica sisxlisa moZravobisa Cuenisa dacxromisa drosa dahscxres igica...” (292,20).

,,orTave ZmaTa maT axalcixelTa queSe gamouklnes cxenni...” (312,17).amrigad, anton bagrationis enis Sesaxeb ,,martirikis” mixedviT aseTi zogadi

daskvna SeiZleba gavakeToT:1. ,,martirika” ZiriTadad Zveli qarTuli enis normebis dacviT dawerili

Zeglia. mTlianobaSi sworad aris naxmari antonis epoqisaTvis naklebad mosalodneli awmyos, uwyvetlisa da wyvetilis xolmeobiTi mwkrivebis formebi,

254

yovelTvis daculia II kavSirebiTSi asaxuli obieqtis mravlobiTobis n-is Semdeg kavSirebiTis mwkrivis e-mawarmoebeli, av da am TemisniSnian zmnaTa uRvlilebis Taviseburebani uwyvetlis mwkrivSi, statikuri zmnebis awmyos formebi da TurmeobiTis mwkrivTa warmoeba, umravles SemTxvevaSi Zveli qarTuli normebis mixedviT warmodgenili wyvetilis mwkrivSi III piris mravlobiTobis piris niSani gardauval zmnebTan da sxva. aseve ZiriTadad Zveli normebis mixedviTaa msazRvrel-sazRvrulis (rogorc atributulisa, ise marTulisa) SeTanxmeba ricxvSi da brunvaSi, masdaruli konstruqciebi, mimReoburi formebi, adamianTa saxelebis moTxrobiTi da sxv.

2. Taviseburebebidan gamosayofia iseTi formebi, romlebic, albaT, petriwis enis gavlenas unda mieweros: zogierT mimReobaTa Taviseburi warmoeba, leqsikuri erTeulebi, zogi axali kavSiris damkvidreba (magra), Tandebulis Taviseburi xmareba (mebr, TÂs windebulad), uzmno winadadebebi, winadadebis wevrTa gaTiSva da sxva.

3. is siaxleni da Taviseburebebi, romelTa arseboba ,,martirikaSi” sasaubro enisa da dialeqturi formebis gavleniT aixsneba, arcTu mcirericxovania: garda Tandebuli, ye nawilaki, iribi obieqtis mravlobiTis T niSani en gardauval zmnebTan, iSviaTi SemTxvevebi meSveli zmnis ars gamartivebisa, maSasadame nawilakis Semotana, od da d savrcobiani zmnebis uRvlilebis gaTanabreba da sxv.

4. Taviseburebani, romelnic antonma sxva enebis gavleniT Semoitana: orTografiuli da diakritikuli niSnebi, axali asoebi (÷,ф) da sxva.

antonis enis TaviseburebebSi iSviaTad vnaxavT iseT formebs, romelTac sporadulad mainc ar hqondes dasayrdeni antonis wina periodis mwerlobaSi. antonis ,,danaSauli” Zvel qarTul enaSi zogierTi iSviaTi formis mibaZviT nawarmoebi formebis Warbad xmarebaa. ZiriTadi siaxle antonisa arabunebrivi orTografiuli niSnebisa da zedmeti diakritikuli niSnebis xmarebaa (klebuli, maxvili, qaragmis gansxv. niSnebi da sxv.). aqve unda aRvniSnoT zogierTi arabunebrivi morfologiuri formis Seqmna da zogierTi rTuli winadadebis arabunebrivi sintaqsuri wyobac.

255

originaluri hagiografiuli mwerlobis

zogierTi sakiTxi ∗

qarTuli originaluri hagiografiuli literaturis Zeglebis Seswavlas

sakmaod xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. maT Sesaxeb vrceli samecniero literaturac

arsebobs qarTul, rusul da ucxour enebze. Seswavlilia hagiografiul

TxzulebaTa ara marto istoriul-literaturuli problemebi, aramed

filologiur-teqstologiuri sakiTxebic.

bunebrivia, TiToeuli Zeglis mecnieruli damuSaveba upirveles yovlisa, am

TxzulebaTa teqstebis mecnierul publikaciebs emyareba. mecnieruli sizustiT

dadgenili da gamocemuli Zegli masze damyarebuli mecnieruli kvlevis sandoobis

sawindaria.

qarTuli hagigorafiuli calkeuli Txzulebis, Tu TxzulebaTa krebulebis

publikaciebsac Tavisi istoria aqvT. magram bolo wlebamde ar arsebobda

originaluri Zeglebis gamocemis sruli korpusi (m. sabininis `saqarTvelos

samoTxe”, sol. yubaneiSvilis mier Sedgenili `Zveli qarTuli literaturis

qrestomaTia”, `saunjis” I t. da sxva aseTi gamocema specialur miznebs isaxavda,

arc erTi maTgani ar aris sruli, arc kritikuli.

hagiografiuli Zeglebis sruli korpusis gamocemis idea xelnawerTa

instituSi ganxorcielda. mis xorcSesxmas institutis TanamSromlebi il.

abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiT Seudgnen xelnawerTa institutis daarsebisTanave

(1958w.). am Sromis Sedgad gamoqveynda `Zveli qarTuli hagiografiuli

literaturis Zeglebis” oTxi tomi: I wigni daibeWda 1963 wels, II – 1966 wels, III

1971 wels da IV – 1968 wels. am tomebs mogvianebiT miemata VI wigni – 1980 wels

da V wigni – 1989 wels. am tomebSi Tavmoyrilia originalur hagigorafiul

TxzulebaTa yvela Janrisa (`wamebani”, `cxovrebani”) da redaqciis (kimenuri,

metafrasuli da svinaqsaruli) yvela Zegli. ase rom, es gamocema jerjerobiT

qarTul hagiografiul TxzulebaTa erTaderTi sruli publikaciaa.

Tavidanve Cafiqrebuli iyo hagiografiul TxzulebaTa mxolod uZvelesi

Zeglebis teqstis gamocema (I–IV tomi). rac V–XIVss. qronologiuri CarCoebiT

ifargleboda. amasTanave gamocemul tomebs ar axlda araviTari filologiur-

teqstologiuri narkvevi (IV tomis garda) da leqsikon-saZiebeli. rac Seexeba

sacnobaro aparats, oTxive tomis simfoniis Sedgena ganzraxuli iyo korpusis

gamocemis damTavrebis Semdeg. filologiur-teqstologiuri gamokvlevis darTva

* daibeWda: x.i. mravalTavi, XVII, Tbilisi, 1992, gv. 3-37.

256

ki saerTod ar iyo gaTvalsiwinebuli. radgan aseTi gamokvleva axlavs IV toms

(svinaqsaruli hagiografiis mimoxilva) da gvian damatebul tomebs (V tomi –

XVIIIs. qarTuli hagografia da VI – antonis `martirika”), amitom gadavwyviteT

warmogvedgina Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis am dargis zogadi mimoxilvac, romelic

unda darToda qronologiurad yvelaze bolos gamosul `Zeglebis” V wigns, rac

ver ganxorcielda teqnikuri mizezebis gamo. amitom gvixdeba misi gamoqveyneba

calke werilis saxiT `Zeglebis” eqvstomeulis gamocemis damTavrebasTan

dakavSirebiT.

qarTuli hagiografiis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi sakmao sisruliT aris

damuSavebuli korneli kekeliZis, ivane javaxiSvilisa da maTi mowafeebis

mier, magram misi kvleva, ra Tqma unda, grZeldeba da qarTuli filologiuri

mecniereba bevri saintereso dakvirvebiT mdidrdeba. winamdebare narkvevs

imdenad mecnieruli kvlevis pretenzia ara aqvs, ramdenadac misi mizania zogadi

warmodgena Seuqmnas mkiTxvels hagiografiul korpusSi warmodgenil Zeglebze da

daanaxos mas originaluri hagiografiuli Zeglebis pozitiuri mxare bizantiuri

hagiografiis saerTo fonze. bizantiur hagiografiaze Tvalis gadavleba ki

originaluri hagografiis erovnuli xasiaTisa da misi originaluri gzebis

ZiebaTa CvenebisaTvis gamodgeba.

* * *

qristianuli erebis mwerlobis istoriaSi hagiografiuli dargis

literaturas erT-erTi ZiriTadi adgili uWiravs. hagiografiuli literaturis

pirveli Txzulebebi bizantiur-romaur qristianul garemoSi Seiqmna da

TandaTanobiT gavrcelda danarCen qristianul samyaoSi, maT Soris qarTulSic.

qristianuli saeklesio mwerlobis istoriaSi hagiografia, kerZod misi

Tavdapirveli Janri ̀ martirologia”, anu qarTulad ̀ wamebani”, bibliologiuri

literaturis Semdeg qristianuli mwerlobis uZvelesi dargia, xolo istoriul-

literaturuli sakiTxebis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT mas didi kulturul-

istoriuli Rirebuleba aqvs.

hagiografiuli mwerlobis warmoSobas ZiriTadi Teoriuli safuZveli axali

aRTqmis literaturam, kerZod, saxarebam daudva. qristes da misi mowafeebis

cxovrebam da mowamebrivma aRsasrulma warmoSva mowameTa kultis dafuZnebis

idea, xolo maTi martvilobaTa literaturul damuSavebaSi saxarebis motivebisa

da literaturuli xerxebis garda gamoyenebulia warmarTuli berZnuli romanis

ZiriTadi elementebi. qristianobis warmoSobis pirveli wlebidanve qristes

mowamebrivi ideali yvela qrisitanis misabaZ magaliTad iqca, xolo mowameoba

– qrisitanuli rwmenis aRiarebis WeSmarit gamoxatulebad. berZnul-romauli

warmarTuli imperia, romlis wiaRSi warmoiSva qristianuli religia, sakmaod

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noyier niadags uqmnida axali religiis mimdevarT, sisruleSi moeyvanaT TavianTi

miswrafeba.

bizantiuri hagiografiuli mwerlobis magaliTi ar gamodgeba qarTuli

originaluri hagiografiuli mwrlobis warmoSobis asaxsnelad, qarTuli

hagiografia ar warmoSobila warmarTul samyaroSi. mirian mefis epoqaSi,

rodesac istoriuli cnobebiT iwyeba qristianobis Casaxva qarTul warmarTul

qveyanaSi, arc mowameobrivi faqtebia naxsenebi da arc qristianTa devnis

SemTxveevbia dadasturebuli (kolaelTa `wamebaSi” moTxrobili suraTi,

warmarTi mSoblebis mier gaqristianebuli mcirewlovani Svilebis daxocvis

ambavi, romelic taos mTian sofel kolaSi momxdara daax. VIs., xolo aRwerilia

IXs. ZeglSi, aratipiuria da gviandeli. aseve gviandelia da saeWvoc wm. ninos

XIs. svinaqsaruli cnobac (Sin 4), rom man `mravalgzis wamebani (daiTmina)

mirian uRmrToÁsa Ãelmwifisagan” – (Zeglebi, IV, 351). piriqiT loialuri

damokidebuleba axali sarwmunoebis mimarT Cans ninos mier nana dedoflis

moqcevis gadmocemaSi. saqarTveloSi qristianobis damkvidreba bizantiuri

qristianobis did gamocdilebas emyareboda da mis mier SemuSavebuli mzamzareuli

formebis gadmonergvas iTvaliswinebda. amitom martvilologiuri Txzulebebi

qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis mxolod bizantiuri hagiografiis nimuSebiT unda

yofiliyo cnobili, rogorc es SuSanikis wamebaSi naxsenebi `wignni mowameTani”-

dan Cans. saqarTveloSi hagiografiis originaluri Txzulebebis Seqmnas sul sxva

safuZveli hqonda, vidre bizantiaSi, sadac qristianobis Casaxvidan warmarTul

religiasTan brZolaSi mis saboloo gamarjvebamde oTxi saukune gavida da sadac

qristianul mwerlobas pirveli saukuneebidanve hqonda Tavisi literaturuli

tradicia evangeluri literaturis saxiT.

ueWvelia, saqarTveloSi qriastianul religias sabolood damkvidrebamde

warmarTuli sarwmunoebis daZleva mouxdeboda da ar SeiZleba es procesi

umtkivneulod warmovidginoT, magram am faqts ar ganupirobebia qarTuli

hagiografiis warmoSoba, Tumca ar SeiZleba am gardamaval periods qarTvel

qristianTa garkveuli nawilis sicocxle ar Seewira. saqme isaa, kidec rom

arsebuliyo wyaro, originaluri hagoigrafia ver Seiqmneboda am dros

saqarTveloSi qristianuli mwerlobis tardiciebis uqonlobis mizeziT:

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saboloo gamarjvebis Semdeg bizantiuri qristianuli

literatura da saeklesio organizacia erT-erTi wyaro da safuZveli iyo

nacionaluri saeklesio organizaciisa da saeklesio literaturis Camoyalibebisa

da ganviTarebisaTvis.

faqtia, pirveli Cvenamde moRweuli originaluri hagiografiuli Txzulebebi

`martirologiuri” xasiaTisaa da amaSi moulodneli araferia, radgan

258

qristianulma erebma hagiografiuli mwerloba yvelgan am JanriT daiwyes,. es

Janri emyareba ama Tu im saxelmwifoSi Seqmnil specifikur saSinao Tu sagareo

pirobebs: qristianobisa da qristianebisadmi dapirispirebuli antagonisturi

Zalebis arsebobas da mowameobis realur faqtebze daweril Txzulebebs

(calkeul qristianTa wamebis martooden faqti religiis istoriis kuTvnilebaa

da ara hagiografiuli mwerlobisa). qarTul qristianul saxelmwifoSi

originaluri martirologiuri mwerlobis warmoSobisaTvis Sinapolitikuri

pirobebi ar arsebobda. qarTuli hagiografiis arsebobis manZilze qarTuli

`martirologiuri” hagiografiuli Txzulebebis Seqmnis safuZveli mxolod

mazdean da mahmadian dampyrobelTa mier Seqmnili politikuri situacia iyo,

romelsac upirispirdeboda qarTuli eklesiis religiuri da erovnuli

interesebi. qarTuli hagiografiis sawyisebic, romlis zusti drois dadgenisaTvis

jerjerobiT cnobebi ar mogvepoveba, albaT zemoT aRniSnul situaciebSi unda

veZeboT. saeWvo ar unda iyos, rom qarTuli originaluri sasuliero mwerloba

`martirologiiT” daiwyo. amis Tqmis saSualebas gvaZlevs ara marto Cvenamde

moRweuli pirveli originaluri hagiografiuli Zegli `SuSanikis wameba”,

aramed amaze migvaniSnebs iakob xucesis Txzulebis ideur-mxatvruli donec,

romelsac ueWvelad Zlieri da mdidari qristianuli literaturuli tradiciebi

unda uZRodes win. mxolod bizantiuri literaturuli tradiciebis mibaZviT

aseTi donis hagiografiuli Txzuleba ver daiwereboda. bizantiuri saeklesio

mwerlobisagan gansxvavebiT, martirologia qarTuli hagoiografiuli

mwerlobis sruluflebiani Janria `cxovrebis” Janris gverdiT saeklesio

mwerlobis arsebobis mTel manZilze V saukunidan XVIII saukunis CaTvliT.

ufro metic, hagiografiuli mwerlobis bolo periodSi (XVIIIs.), anu ufro

sworad, hagiografiuli mwerlobis xelaxla aRorZinebis xanaSi igi ̀ cxovrebis”

Janrze ufro gavrcelebulia. misi aseTi xangrZlivoba saqarTvelos istoriuli

mdgomareobiT iyo ganpirobebuli.

* * *

bizantiuri `martirologiis” warmoSobis ZiriTad safuZvlad romaul-

berZnul warmarTul imperiaSi qristianTa devnis SemTxvevebs asaxeleben.

saqarTveloSi msgavsi faqti gamoricxulia hagiografiuli mwerlobis ukve

qristianul garemoSi warmoSobis gamo. magram ismis sakiTxi: idevneboda Tu ara

qristianuli sarwmunoeba saqarTveloSi araqristian dampyrobelTa mier wminda

sarwmunoebriv niadagze? iyo Tu ara qristianuli sarwmunoebis mtkiced dacva

mowamis sikvdiliT dasjis mizezi?

259

am sakiTxs uaryofiTad unda vupasuxoT: arc mazdeanuri sparseTisa da

arc mahmadianuri arabeTis saqarTvelSi batonobis dros qarTvel qristianTa

dasjis mizezi ar yofila mxolod sarwmunoebrivi aRmsarebloba. SuSanikisa

(Vs.) da evstaTi mcxeTelis wamebis (VIs.) istoriaulad relur faqtebs,

romlebsac adgili hqonda mazdeanuri sparseTis saqarTveloSi batonobis dros,

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavbuli safuZveli aqvT. SuSaniki Seewira sakuTar ojaxSi

warmoSobil ganxeTqilebas, romelsac SuSanikisaTvis sarwmunoebrivi safuZveli

hqonda, xolo varsqenisaTvis meuRlis urCoba da ojaxuri tradiciebis xelyofa.

SuSaniki ewama ara imitom, rom is qristiani iyo, aramed imitom, rom ar daemorCila

meuRles, ojaxis ufross, gamazdeanebul varsqens, romelsac amave dros

saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri xelisuflebac epyra (am moments Cven xazi imitom

gavusviT, rom varsqenis dausjeloba mis mier Cadenili yovelgvari danaSaulebrivi

moqmedebisaTvis am xelisuflebiT iyo garantirebuli). qristianma qalma ar

moisurva qristianobis moRalate qmarTan cxovreba, xolo Seuracxyofilma

qmarma yvela xerxs mimarTa meuRlis ojaxSi dasabruneblad da imedi rom

gadaewura, amis Semdeg gawira igi samudamo patimrobisaTvis. niSandoblivia,

rom varsqens arcerTxel ar mouTxovia SuSanikisagan qristianobis daTmoba da

gamazdeaneba (Tumca, rogorc sparseTis mefisaTvis micemuli pirobidan Cans, igi

amas apirebda, Tuki SuSaniks sasaxleSi daabrunebda. amasve mowmobs varsqenis

moqmedeba – Svilebis gamazdeaneba).

sul sxvagvari suraTia èvstaTis martvilobaSi”. evstaTi mazdeani sparsi

iyo da saqarTveloSi igi Tavidan qristianobis siyvaruls ar unda moeyvana,

rogorc es Txzulebis avtoris tendenciur TxrobaSi aris warmodgenili.

sparselebis mier dapyrobil saqarTveloSi bevri sparseli Camosula ukeTesi

bedis saZebnelad. qarTul qristianul garemoSi mas gauCnda survili qristiani

gamxdariyo, risi mizezic SesaZlebelia, qristiani meuRlis SerTva yofiliyo

(saeklesio kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, mas rom qristiani qali SeerTo TviTonac

qristiani unda gamxdariyo). swored sakuTari religiis Ralati iyo evstaTis

sikvdiliT dasjis mizezi da ara misi qristianoba. sparselebi rom loialurad

ekidebodnen maT mier dapyrobil qveynebSi adgilobriv religias, es kargad

Cans TviT èvstaTis wamebidan”. qristianuli eklesiis Seviwrovebis arc erTi

magaliTi ar moipoveba arc `SuSanikis wamebaSi”, arc èvstaTi mcxeTelis

wamebaSi” da am periodis arc erTi sxva werilobiT wyaroSi. dampyrobluri

omebis dros dapyrobili saxelmwifos mosaxleobis represirebisa da darbevis

faqtebi politikur-ekonomikuri aqtia da ara religiuri. mahmadianur qveynebs

Soris warmoebuli omebis magaliTebi (iseve, rogorc qristianul saxelmwifoebs

Sorisac) adastureben am faqtebs. evstaTi, romelic sparsel mazdeanTa

260

dabezRebiT pirvelad sapyrobileSi Casves, qristianuli eklesiisa da saxelmwifo

xelisufalTa SuamdgomlobiT gaanTavisufles cixidan qristianobis daTmobisa

da mazdeanobis xelaxla miRebis garSe: `gamoiyvanes igini (evstaTi da kidev

5 gaqristianebuli sparseli) mier sapyrobiliT da movides igini vanad TÂsa

qristianebiT”1. amis Semdeg marTlac SeuZlebelia laparaki am dros saqarTveloSi

sparselebisagan qarTvel qristianTa devnis Sesaxeb. rodesac evstaTi meored

daabezRes, amasTan erTad daapatimres stefane da orive marzpanis – veJan buzmiris

winaSe waradgines: èseni arian axal qristianeni igi mcxeTelni” – moaxsenes.

`xolo veJan buzmir hrqua evstaTis da stefanes: ̀ vinani xarT, anu romeli rCuli

gipyries”? aRdges asurni mTavarni kacni stefanesTÂs da hrques: èse kaci Cuen

viciT, Cueni mdaburi ars, mama da dedaÁ da Zmani da dani magisni qristiane arian

da egeca qristiane ars”. xolo stefane maTiTa miT sityÂTa ganuteves”2. mkafiod

aris naTqvami, rom qristianuli aRmsarebloba, Tuki is mamapapeuli rjulia,

araviTari represiebis mizezi ar aris.

qristianuli religiis legaluri mdgomareoba am drois sparseTSi, rac

sxvaTa Soris aRniSnulia èvstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobaSi” (`rameTu ganZaks

qalaqsa qristianeni ufroÁs arian da episkoposni da mRdelni”3), ar adasturebs

saqrTveloSi sparselebis mier qristianTa devnas. rogorc grigol manaWihris

martvilobaSi naTqvamia (somxuri teqsti gamosca ter-mkrtiCianma àraratSi”

1901w. gv. 464-474) da rac aRniSnuli aqvs k. kekeliZes4: `meaTxuTmetesa welsa

mefobisa xvasro sparsTa mefisa, gamoica mefisagan brZaneba Tavis sabrZaneblisa

yvela qveynisadmi, rom vinc sparsTa tomisagan qristes aRmsarebeli aRmoCndeba,

Seipyran da cixeSi daamwyvdion, mkacri tanjviT RvTismsaxurebis dateveba

aiZulon da mzesa da cecxlsa Tayvani aceminon”. rogorc Cans, am brZanebis

rezonansi aris evstaTi mcxeTelis xelmeored dapatimreba da sikvdiliT dasjac.

unda vivaraudoT, rom sparselebis religiuri loialobis Sedegad

sparselebis qristianul sarwmunoebaze moqcevis SemTxvevebi gaxSirda, risi

dasturic kargad Cans èvstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobidan”: evstaTis pirveli

dapatimrebis dros misi bedi gaiziara Svidma gaqristianebulma sparselma. aseTi

magaliTebi bevri iyo sparseTis mier dapyrobil sxva qveynebSi.swored aseTma

SemTxvevebma gamoiwvia sparseTis mefis zemodamowmebuli brZanebac.

mazdeanuri sparseTis saqarTveloSi batonobis periodSi qrisitani qarTvelis

dasjis arc erTi faqti ar daiZebneba, romelsac safuZvlad mxolod qristianuli

aRmsarebloba edos. Cvenamde moRweuli am periodis hagiografiuli Txzulebebi

1 Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, 34 (qvemoT `Zeglebi~).2 iqve, gv. 35.3 iqve, gv. 31.4 4 qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, Tbilisi, 1960, gv. 510.

261

Zalze mcirea, sul sami: SuSanikis `martviloba”, evstaTis `martÂloba”, abibos

nekreselis `martÂloba”. aqve unda movixsenioT raJdenis wamebis faqtic,

romlis Sesaxeb hagiografiuli Zegli Tavidan ar dawerila (aseTi Txzuleba

daiwera mxolod XVIIIs. besarion orbeliSvilis mier), magram mas axsenebs

vaxtang gorgaslis istorikosi. pirveli Zeglis Sesaxeb Cven ukve aRvniSneT;

evstaTi mcxeTeli sikvdiliT daisaja mazdeanuri sarwmunoebis Ralatis gamo.

raJdeni, romelic qarTul eklesiaSi cnobilia `pirvelmowamed”, iyo sparseli

mazdeani da isic ganudga Tavis sarwmunoebas da es iyo sparselebis xelSi tyved

Cavardnili raJdenis sikvdiliT dasjis mizezi. dagvrCa abibos nekreselis wamebis

faqti, romelic, TiTqos, ewinaaRmdegeba zemoTqmuls. abibosi siriidan mosuli

erTi aTcamet mamaTagania, magram, rogorc amas k. kekeliZe amtkicebs, qarTveli

monofiziti iyo, Tanac qarTuli eklesiis erT-erT ierarqi, nekrsis episkoposi.

magram is sparselebma Caqoles ara qristianuli sarwmunoebis aRmsareblobisaTvis,

aramed mazdeanuri religiis xelyofisa da SeuracxyofisaTvis: `xolo netari

abibos nekresel qalaqisa episkoposi, Ãevisa kaxeTisaÁ, aRiZra SuriTa saRmrToÁTa

da ver Tavs-idva ucxoÁsa mis samsaxurebelisa maxlobelad misa yofad da

daasxa wyali xeneSi da daSrita igi. ese raÁ cnes uSjuloTa maT sparsTa, friad

guemes, kninRa vidre mokles netari igi”1, xolo Semdeg sapyrobileSi Casves da

bolos `gantvines”. marTalia, `abibos nekreselis wamebis” uZvelesi redaqcia IX

saukunis Zeglad aris miCneuli da bevradaa daSorebuli masSi aRweril epoqas,

magram amas am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ara aqvs da Tanac misi wyaro SeiZleba VI-

VIIss. Seqmnili hagiografiuli Zegli an istoriuli cnoba iyos.

faqtiurad suraTi ar Secvlila saqarTveloSi arabebis batonobis drosac,

Tumca Cvenamde am periodis `martviloba-wamebebma” gacilebiT meti raodenobiT

moaRwia. TxzulebebSi aRwerili drois mixedviT (da ara TviT TxzulebaTa Seqmnis

TariRis miedviT) `martvilobebi” – aseTi TanmimdevrobiT dalagdeba: `daviT da

konstantines `wameba” (737-741ww.), abos `wameba” (786-790ww.), arCilis `wameba”

(787w.Semdeg), kostanti kaxis `wameba” (853-856ww.), gobronis `wameba” (914w.).

amjerad Cven `martvilobaTa” istoriul-literaturul sakiTxebs ar SevexebiT.

gvainteresebs mxolod qristianebis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi da arabTa

damokidebuleba am religiisadmi, ufro zustad is, Tu ra safuZveli hqonda

qristian morwmuneTa dasjas, rac wyaro gaxda zemoT CamoTvlili `wamebebis”

SeqmnisaTvis (imTaviTve an ufro gvian).

daviwyoT ̀ abos wamebiT”. aq zustad evstaTi mcxeTelis ̀ wamebis” analogiuri

SemTxveva gvaqvs. abo gaqristianebuli arabia, romelsac mahmadianuri sarwmunoebis

RalatisaTvis mohkveTes Tavi. magram danarCeni mowameebi: arCil mefe, daviT da

1 Zeglebi, I, 242.

262

konstantine, kostanti kaxi da miqael-gobroni xom erovnebiT qarTveli mowameebi

arian. Tuki arabebis saqarTveloSi batonobis xanaSi qristian qarTvelTa dvenas

ar hqonda adgili maTi sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobis gamo, maS ram gamoiwvia

arab xelisufalTa mier maTi wamebis faqti? yvela CamoTvlili mowamis

dasjis safuZveli mcireodeni sxvaobiT erTi da igive iyo: dampyroblebisadmi

politikuri Seurigebloba da erovnuli saxelmwifoebrivi interesebis dacva.

gavixsenoT: argveTis mTavrebi daviT da konstantine dasavleT saqarTvelos

arab dampyrobelTagan damcveli jaris meTaurebi arian, gaafTrebuli wina-

aRmdegobis miuxedavad qarTvelTa jari damarcxda mtris Warb ZalebTan pirispir

brZolaSi, xolo mTavrebi tyved Cavardnen. daviT da konstantines sikvdiliT

dasja arabebis mier gamiznuli politikuri aqti iyo, msgavsi incidentis Tavidan

asacileblad. igive moxda arabTa mier samxreT saqarTveloSi yvelis cixis

garemocvis sastiki da mZime brZolebis Semdeg arabebma cixec aiRes da cocxlad

darCenili mecixovneni da maTi Tavkaci gobronic daatyveves. gobronisa da

kidev asocdarva qarTvelis daxocva dampyrobel arabTa Cveulebrivi damsjeli

operacia iyo da ara religiuri motivebiT gamiznuli aqti. qarTlSi arabTa

winaaRmdeg erovnul-ganmanTavisuflebeli ajanyeba, romelsac kostanti kaxi

Tavkacobda, damarcxda, xolo am politikuri aqtis meTauri sikvdiliT dasajes.

arab xelisufalTa mier arCil mefis dasjasac igive politikuri sarCuli unda

hqonoda, Tumca am TxzulebaSi, rogorc yvela martirologiur ZeglSi, morwmune

avtoris aqcenti mowamis religiuri aRmsareblobis dacvazea gadatanili.

X saukunis Semdeg saqarTveloSi martirologiuri hagiografiis Zegli aRar

dawerila XVIII saukunis dasawyisamde (daviT konstantines `martviloba” XII

saukuneSi Zveli redaqciis `wamebis” gadamuSavebad aris miCneuli da ara axal

Txzulebad). es aixsneba ara marto imiT, rom hagiografiis es Janri daCrdila

`cxovrebis” Janrma X-XII saukuneebSi, anda imiT, rom XIII-XVIIss. saqarveloSi

mwerlobis krizisisa da daqveiTebis periodia, aramed imiTac, rom qristian

morwmuneTa sikvdiliT dasjis SemTxvevebi saqarTveloSi istoriuli wyaroebiT

ar dasturdeba (XIIIs. jalaledinis mier gaJletili Tbilisis mosaxleobis

nawili, an kidev XIVs. qvaTaxevs daxocili bermonazvnoba, iseve rogorc garejis

udabnoSi XVIIs. monazvnebis amowyveta, dampyrobelTa Cveulebrivi damsjeli

da mZarcveluri operaciebia da ara sagangebo qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg

Catarebuli aqti. es momentebi, romelTac mxolod istoriuli wyaroebi

ixsenieben gakvriT, hagiografiis sagani ar gamxdara anton I-mde – XVIIIs. meore

naxevramde).

`wamebaTa” ricxvSi unda movixsenioT Zvel qarTul literaturaSi cnobili

kidev ori Zegli `wamebaÁ yrmaTa wmidaTa ricxÂT cxraTaÁ” (kolaelTa wameba) da

263

`daviTis da tariWanis martviloba” (Zeglebi, II, gv. 173-175; 183-191), romlebic

qalkedoniti somexi avtorebis mier Tavidanve qarTul enaze daweril IXs.

Txzulebebad miaCniaT. pirveli maTgani aRwers VIs. warmarTi mSoblebis mier

mcirewlovani gaqristianebuli bavSvebis Caqolvas, xolo meore – warmarTi

biZis mier bavSvebis, Tavisi qristiani diswulebis daxocvis ambavs.

hagiografiuli mwerlobis xelaxalma aRorZinebam da aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi Seqmnilma politikurma viTarebam sparsel mahmadianTa

mpyrobelobis xanaSi ( XVI-XVIIss.) isev aqtualuri gaxada martirologia.

grigol dodorqelisa da besarion orbeliSilis martirologiurma Txzulebebma

aaRorZina qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis es uZvelesi Janri. grigolis

`qeTevan dedoflis wameba”, agreTve besarionis Txzulebebi `luarsab mefis

wameba”, da `biZina, Salva da elizbaris wameba” warmoadgenen axali tipis

martirologiur Txzulebebs, romelbic agrZeleben uZveles tradiciebsa da

amdidreben mas `cxovreba-moqalaqeobisaTvis” damaxasiaTebeli literaturuli

xerxebiT da, rac maTavaria, istoriuli matianisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli SinaarsiT.

am TxzulebaSi mkveTrad aris xazgasmuli erovnuli damoukideblobisaTvis

mebrZoli mefeebisa (qeTevani, Teimurazi, luarsabi) Tu mTavrebis (biZina, Salva,

elizbari) patriotizmi da qristianuli religiisaTvis Tavis ganwirva, magram

mainc arc erTi am mowameTagani ar Sewirvia sparsel mahmadian dampyrobelTa

mier qristianuli sarwmunoebis mimdevarTa devnas iseve, rogorc zemoaRniSnul

sparsul-mazdeanur da arabul-mahmadianur garemocvaSi daRupuli qarTuli

eklesiis Zveli mowameebi. aq ufro TvalnaTliv Cans, rom yvela maTganis daRupvis

mizezi isev da isev sparseTis mzakvruli politikuri miznebi iyo, xolo maTi

qristianuli aRmsarebloba ukeTes SemTxvevaSi – sababi maTi dasjisa.

yvela mowame, romelTa Sesaxeb saubari gvqonda, saqarTveloSi an

saqarTvelodan tyved wayvanili dampyrobelTa qveyanaSi ewama (kostanti kaxi,

qeTevani, luarsabi, biZina, Salva, elizbari), xolo ori mowamis moRvaweoba

dakavSirebulia qarTvelTa jvaris monasterTan ierusalimSi, romelTa ̀ wamebebi”

mokle svinaqsaruli redaqciis Txzulebebis saxiT aris Semonaxuli.jvaris

qarTvelTa monastris winamZRvris luka ierusalimelis wameba (1273w.) arabTa mier

monastris dasakuTrebisa da misi meCeTad gadaqcevis miznebTanaa dakavSirebuli,

e.i. religiur faqtorze ufro ekonomikur-politikuri sarCuli aqvs, xolo

nikoloz dvalis wameba (1314w.) ki imave arabebis mier Sedegia tipiuri fanatikosi

qristianis mier Segnebuli, gamiznuli moqmedebisa mowamebrivi sikvdilis

misaRwevad. `wamebaSi” naTqvamia: `da kualad survili mouÃda, raÁTamca iwama

qristesTÂis”1. man samjer agina da Seuracxyofa miayena mahmadianTa siwmideebs,

1 Zeglebi, IV, 349, 3.

264

igi samivejer daapatimres, magram samivejer gaanTavisufles: `mitropolitis da

qristianeTa mier sapyrobiliT gamoyvanebul iqmna”1. mxolod amis Semdeg dasajes.

TviTSewirvis magaliTi qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi, kerZod, hagiografiaSi,

erTaderTia. religiuri fanatizmis es gamovlineba arabunebrivia qarTuli

eklesiisaTvis da palestinis qristianuli garemos gavlena unda iyos.

`mowameobis” bolo faqti saqarTveloSi, romelic `wamebis” Sedgenis

safuZveli gaxda, aris lekebis mier Sio garejelis da masTan erTad kidev oTxi

monazvnis daxocva 1700w. naTelia, lekTa Tavdasxmebi mxolod Zarcva-glejas

isaxavda miznad da ara religiur angariSsworebas.

* * *

amgvarad, qarTuli originaluri ̀ wameba-martvilobis” TxzulebaTa Seswavla

ar adasturebs saqarTveloSi, sxvadasxva epoqaSi, qristianuli sarwmunoebis

devnis SemTxvevebs. magram literaturaTmcodneobis sagani moRweuli

hagiografiuli Txzulebis literaturul-ideologiuri TvalsazrisiT kvlevaa

da ara marto is, Tu TxzulebaSi gadmocemuli istoriuli ambebi ramdenad

obieqturad aris asaxuli.

radganc saqarTveloSi qristianuli religiis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb

mogvixda saubari sxvadasxva aRmosavluri rligiis garemocvis pirobebSi da

amitom martirologiuri Txzulebebis zogadi mimoxilva dagvWirda, am sakiTxis

garkvevasTan dakavSirebiT, Tvali gadavavloT am Janris qarTul saeklesio

mwerlobaSi aRmocenebisa da ganviTarebis safexurebs, mis Taviseburebebsa da

tendenciebs, bizantiuri saeklesio mwerlobis analogiuri Janris TxzulebebTan

mimarTebas, msgavsebebsa da gansxvavebebs.

qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis pirveli Txzuleba `martvilobaÁ

wmidisa SuSanikisi” `wamebis” Janris yvelaze Taviseburi Txzulebaa qarTuli

mwerlobis istoriaSi. misi msgavsi `wameba” mTlianobaSi arc bizantiur-

hagiografiuli unda arsdebobdes (calkeuli momentebisa da detalebis

gamoklebiT). es Txzuleba `arastandartulia” martirologiuri hagiografiis

JanrisaTvis da misi tipiuri Zeglebisagan bevri ramiT gansxvavdeba, Tumca mTavari

rac martirologiur Janrs moeTxoveba – sarwmunoebis siwmindis ukompromiso

damcveli wmindani qristianuli eklesiis interesebs ewireba – am Txzulebis

ZiriTadi motivia. miuxedavad winamdebare naSromis xasiaTisa, Tavi aaridos ama

Tu im Txzulebis konkretul istoriul-litearturul sakiTxebze msjelobas da

mxolod JanrisaTvis damaxasiaTebel saerTo momentebs miaqcios yuradReba, Cven

1 iqve, 349, 31.

265

mainc saWirod vTvliT ramdenime konkretuli SeniSvna gavakeToT am Txzulebis

aratipiurobis gamo.

1. SuSanikis ̀ wamebis” dasawyisi: ~da aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tqven aRsasruli

wmidisa da sanatrelisa SuSanikisi”, miaxlovebul msgavsebasac ver poulobs

saerTod hagiografiul literaturaSi, imdenad TavisTavadi da originaluria

igi.swored am dasawyisma warmoSva samecniero literaturaSi mravalgvari

varaudi Txzulebis Tavnaklulobisa Tu Janrobrivi Seusabamobisa da sxv. arada,

ra bunebrivad gamoxatavs es fraza avtoris xangrZliv Sinagan gancdasa da albaT

SiSsac, gaxdeba Tu ara SuSaniki is gmiri-mowame, romlis sarwmunoebisaTvis

Tavdadeba STamomavlobisaTvis magaliTis mimcemi iqneba, xolo iakobisaTvis misi

`wamebis” aRweris obieqti; Tu is ver gauZlebs tanjvas, ver gamoiCens sulier

simtkices da amqveyniuri cxovrebisa da Svilebisagan ganSorebis SiSiT gatydeba

da dahyveba varsqenis nebas.es bunebrivi gancda unda yofiliyo avtorisa,

romlis Tvalwin gaiara am ojaxur-sarwmunoebrivi tragediis yvela detalma.

da ai yvelaferma ise Caiara, rom iakob xucesis yvela eWvi usafuZvlo Seiqna:

SuSaniki Seewira sarwmunoebriv principebs da pyrobelobaSi gardaicvala. mas

rom ukan daexia da varsqenTan dabrunebuliyo ojaxSi, an varsqens didsulovnad

gaeTavisuflebina igi sapyrobilidan da misTvis Tavisufali arCevanis ufleba

mieca, am SemTxvevaSi SuSaniki Tavisi principulobis damcvelad ki mogvevlineboda,

magram misi `coxvrebisa da wamebis” daweris aucilebloba iakob xucesisaTvis

gamoricxuli iqneboda.swored avtoris am Tvalsazriss unda gamoxatavdes

Txzulebis es TiTqosda moulodneli dasawyisi winadadeba, romelic gansxvavdeba

saerTod hagiografiul TxzulebaTa standartizebuli dasawyisebisagan.

2. `SuSanikis wameba” erTaderTi hagiografiuli Zeglia qarTul saeklesio

mwerlobaSi da iSviaTi, saerTod, hagiografiul literaturaSi, romelsac

safuZvlad daedva uCveulo mowamebrivi forma. Cveulebriv hagiografiul

`wamebebSi” qristiani mowame msxverpli xdeba oficilur politikur-religiur

ZalasTan dapirispirebisa (zogjer ki oficialuri religiuri Tvalsazrisis

mqone mSoblebisa Tu axloblebisa. amis magaliTia qristiani kolaeli bavSvebis

Caqolva warmarTi mSoblebis mier da bizantiur hagiografiaSi dadasturebuli

msgavsi magaliTebi). SuSaniks, marTalia, upirispirdeba oficialuri Zala

varsqenis, qarTlis pitiaxSis saxiT, magram mis moqmedebas SuSanikis winaaRmdeg

ar udevs safuZvlad arc politikuri da arc religiuri motivebi, aramed

SuSanikis gadawyvetileba, aRar icxovros gamazdeanebuli meuRlis ojaxSi.

varsqenis erTaderTi mizani SuSanikis ojaxSi dabrunebaa. marTalia, es

konfliqti pirovnulia, magram mas sazogadoebrivi sarCuli aqvs: qristiani qali

mTeli Tavisi arsebiT darwmunebulia, rom gamazdeanebul meuRlesTan cxovreba

266

qristianuli sarwmunoebis siwmindis xelyofaa.

SuSanikis wamebis formac uiSviaTesia hagiografiuli literaturisaTvis:

Cvulebriv, mowames TaviskveTiT sjian (ufro iSviaTia jvarze gakvra, dawva an

Caqolva). SuSanikis `wameba” erTaderTi nimuSia qarTul haiografiaSi da iSviaTi

gamonaklisi saerTod hagiografiul literaturaSi imiTac, rom misi gmiri

sikvdiliT ar dausjiaT. SuSanikis sikvdili sapyrobileSi mis ukompromisobis

gamoxatulebaa da ara gardauvalobis gamovlineba.

3. Cvens mizans amjerad ar Sedgens `SuSanikis wamebis” kompoziciuri da

stiluri Taviseburebebis kvleva, romlis Sesaxeb mdidari literatura arsebobs,

ZiriTadad bolo wlebSi gamoqveynebuli, arc hagiografiis qristianul-

ideologiuri safuZvlebis ganxilvas SevudgebiT, magram unda aRiniSnos, rom

Tavisi mxatvruli aqsesuariT, mTavari personaJis TvisebaTa aratrafaretuli

daxatviT, hagiografiuli gmiris idealizaciisaTvis standartuli xerxebis

ugulvebelyofiT, uaryofiTi personaJis realurTan miaxlovebuli ferebiT

daxasiaTebiT da dauStampavi literaturuli maneriT (avtori Tavisive

Txzulebis erT-erTi mTavri personaJia da Txroba pirvel pirSi mihyavs, rac

unikaluri SemTxvevaa qarTul hagiografiaSi) SuSanikis wameba erT-erTi

ubrwyinvalesi Zeglia ara marto qarTuli martirologiisa, aramed mdidari

bizantiuri hagiografiuli literaturis fonzedac.

hagiografiuli literatura savsea fantastikur-zRapruli

saswaulmoqmedebis epizodebiT. am mxriv qarTuli hagiografia did TavSekavebas

iCens, Tumca am `modas” ramdenime originalur ZeglSi mniSvnelovani adgili

uWiravs (ZiriTadad `cxovreba-moqalaqeobebSi”). ~SuSanikis wameba` am mxrivac

gamonaklisia.aseTi motivebi imdenad ar Seefereba iakob xucesis Txrobis realur

da dinamikur maneras, rom `SuSanikis wamebaSi” saswaulis erTaderTi epizodis

arseboba (mogvi dedakacis gankurneba da gaqristianeba) samecniero literaturaSi

gviandel Canamatad gamocxadda, Tumca araa gamoricxuli, rom iakobma am epizdoiT

xarki mouxada im periodSi saeklesio mwerlobaSi gabatonebul qristianobis

propagandis xerxebs da am saswauliT migvaniSna SuSanikis wmindanobaze jer kidev

mis sicocxleSi.erTi sityviT, miuxedavad imisa, rom ~SuSanikis wameba` pirveli

hagiografiuli Zeglia, igi yvelaze aratrafaretul da originalur Zeglad

darCa qarTul hagiografiul martirologiur literaturaSi, am Janris yvelaze

brwinvale literaturul nimuSad, Semdegdroindeli ~wamebis` ZeglebisaTvis

miuRwevel doned.marTalia, am SesaniSnavma Txzulebam da misma avtorma Tavi ver

daaRwies hagiografiuli trafaretulobis zogierT detals (`ÃorcTa ganlevis”

motivi, `matlebis daxvevis” epizodi, damuSavebuli asketuri `cxovrebis”

JanrSi) da bizantiur hagiografiaSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi sxva detalic

267

Seitana Tavis TxzulebaSi, magram yvelaferi sakuTar literaturul quraSi

gamoawrTo Tavisi didi niWis Sesabamisad.

bizantiuri hagiografia TiTqmis daclilia erovnuli TviTSegnebisagan, rac

berZnul-romauli imperiis mravalferovnuli SedgnilobiT da qristianuli

sarwmunoebis kosmopolituri bunebiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli, da zogadad

qristianobis apologetikas warmoadgens.mTel qarTul hagiografias da, kerZod,

originalur `martirologias” wiTeli zoliviT gasdevs erovnuli TviTSegnebis

momenti.qarTul eklesiis mowameebi da maT Sesaxeb daweril TxzulebaTa avtorebi

pirvel yovlisa, qristiani qarTvelebi arian da qristianobis ideologiisaTvis

Tavdadeba maTSi Serwymulia erovnuli interesebis dacvasTan.~abo Tbilelis

wameba~ ara marto misi avtoris, ioane sabanisZis erovnuli mrwamsis

gamomxatvelia, aramed imdroindeli saqarTvelos yvela patriotuli Zalisa.

arabi mahmadianis, abos gaqristianeba da Tavganwirva qarTuli eklesiisaTvis,

romelic qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi Zlierebisa da erTianobis safuZvelic iyo,

erovnuli saeklesio interesebis gaRvivebisa da gamocxadebisaTvis gacilebiT

didmniSvnelovan movlenas warmoadgenda, vidre ramdenime qarTveli qristianis

wamebis faqti iqneboda (unda aRiniSnos, rom ioane sabanisZe abos gaqristianebaSi

da qristianobisaTvis TavganwirvaSi pavle mociqulis magaliTis paralels

xedavs: ~Sen miemsgavse ukanaÁsknelsa mas mociqulsa pavles mamulTa maT SjulTa

da moZRurebaTa gangdebiTa da qristÀs Zisa RmrTisa aRsarebiTa, msgavsadve

misa Tavi mogekueTa`1).ucxo, Tanac saqarTveloSi gabatonebuli tomis Svilma,

mahmadianma abom, qristianobas Seswira Tavi: am faqtis fonze, marTlac, sagangaSo

mdgomareobis mauwyebelia ioane sabanisZis sityvebi: qarTvelebio `xuTasis

wlisa JamTa da uwinarÀs-Ra Sjuldebul yofil [arian] wmidiTa madliTa naTlis-

RebisaÁTa. mieriTgan da vidre aqamomde naSobni qristianeTani gardagularZnnes,

romelnime mZlavrebiT, romelnime SetyuviliT, romelnime siyrmesa Sina

umecrebiT, romelnime mzakuvarebiT da sxuani, romelni-ese varT morwmuneni,

mZlavrebasa queSe damonebul[ni] da naklulevanebiTa da siglaxakiTa Sekrulni,

viTarca rkiniTa, xarksa queSe maTsa guemulni da qenjnilni, ZÂr-ZÂrad zRueulni,

SiSiTa ganilevian da iryevian viTarca lerwamni qarTagan ZlierTa”2.

abo Tbilelis ~wamebis` kompozicia, romelic unikaluria qarTul

hagiografiul mwerlobaSi (winasityvaobis epistolaruli formiT gadmocema,

Txzulebis Sesavlis–pirveli Tavis – homiletikuri, qadagebis formiT

warmodgena, ZiriTadi nawilis – meore da mesame Tavebis martvilologiuri

Txzulebis Cveulebrivi kanonebiT dawera da daskvniTi nawilis – meoTxe Tavis

1 Zeglebi, I, 772 iqve, 50.

268

~Sesxmis` formiT Camoyalibeba), originaluri meodiT aris Sedgenili: ioane

sabanisZem qarTvelebSi Seryeuli sarwmunoebis dacvisaTvis saagitaciod yvelaze

aqtiuri forma – qadageba airCia da didi ostatobiT gaaanaliza abos wamebis

mniSvneloba saqarTvelos erovnuli da religiuri simtkicis dacvisaTvis.

Cveulebrivi hagiografiuli SabloniT dawerli Txzuleba ki abos wamebis faqtis

aRwera iqneboda mxolod da meti araferi, iseve, rogorc es `evstaTis wamebaSi”

aris mocemuli. `abos wameba~ pirveli hagiografiuli Zeglia, romelSic mTeli

siZleriT gaismis erovnuli interesebis damcveli xma.pirvelad am ZeglSi iTqva,

rom: ~ara xolo Tu berZenTa sarwmunoebaÁ ese RmrTisamieri moipoves, aramed

Cuenca, SorielTa amaT mkÂdrTa... aha esera, qarTlisaca mkÂdrTa aqus sarwmunoebaÁ

da wodebul ars dedad wmidaTa, romelTame TÂT aqa mkÂdrTa da romelTame ucxoTa

da sxÂT mosrulTa Cuen Soris Jamad-Jamad, mowamed gamoCinebiTa qriste iesuÁs

mier, uflisa Cuenisa...`1. iovane sabanisZis am sityvebis gamoZaxili _ berZnul-

romaul civilizaciasTan gaTanabrebisa da zogjer upiratesobis Tvalsazrisi

– Semdeg saukuneebSi mTeli simZlavriT gaisma (giorgi merCule, ioane-zosime,

eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebi, efrem mcire, arsen iyalToeli, ioane petriwi,

nikoloz gulaberiZe, arsen bulmaismis Ze da sxv.).

qarTul martirologiaSi bizantiurTan sapirispirod, ZiriTadi motivi –

sarwmunoebrivi idealebisaTvis Tavganwirva – TiTqmis yovelTvis gadajaWvulia

erovnuli damoukideblobisaTvis Tavganwirvis motivTan.aseTi erovnuli

suliskveTebiT iwereboda wamebani arabebis Zalmomreobis avbediT xanaSi (VIII-

Xss. kostanti kaxis, miqael-gobronis, arCil mefis, daviT da konstantines

wamebebi), aseve sparsel mahmadianTa saqarTveloze Semosevebis gviandel periodSi

(XVII-XVIIIss. qeTevan dedoflis, luarsab mefis, biZina, Salva da elizbaris

wamebani). qarTuli eklesiis es mowame-wmindanebi saqarTvelos istoriaSi,

upirveles yovlisa, samSoblos damoukideblobisaTvis Tavganwiruli erovnuli

gmirebi iyvnen.

* * *

berZnul-laTinuri qristianuli martirologiuri literaturis didi

nawili, rogorc aRvniSneT, fantastikur, zRaprul motivebs da saswaulmoqmedebis

uamrav magaliTs iyenebs mkiTxvelis qristianuli religiis yovlisSemZleobaSi

darwmunebis mizniT.qarTul ~wamebaSi` es motivebi Seudareblad sustad

aris warmodgenili.fantastikur-zRapruli motivebis arc erTi magaliTi ar

dasturdeba qarTuli ~wamebis` arc erT ZeglSi. religiur saswaulTagan ki

1 Zeglebi, I, gv.55

269

mxolod iseTi magaliTebis motana SeiZleba, rac Zalze gavrcelebulia sarTod

qristianul mwerlobaSi da maTi Setana im rigis warmoudgene saswaulebSi,

romelTa magaliTebi mravladaa berZnul-laTinur hagiografiaSi, arasgziT ar

SeiZleba. magaliTad, naTlis svetis daSveba mowamis gvamze da wamebis adgilze

(abos, gobronis, daviT da konstantines, qeTevanis da sxva), SeiZleba iTqvas,

yvelaze didi saswaulia qarTul martirologiaSi. bizantiur hagiografiaSi

erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli motivi – mowamis mier (sicocxleSi Tu

sikvdilis Semdeg) sneulTa gankurneba – qarTul ~wamebebSi` epizodis saxiT

erTxel gvxvdeba (~SuSanikis wamebaSi` mogvi qalis gankurneba. am epizodsac

Camatebulad miiCneven).sxva TxzulebebSi mxolod zogadi gancxadebebia amis

Taobaze. msolod or svinaqsarul ZeglSi – luka ierusalimelisa da nikoloz

dvalis ~wamebebSi`, romlebic sazRvargareTis keraSi, ierusalimis qarTvelTa

monasterSi Seiqmna, gvaqvs saswaulTa nimuSebi, romlebic ase Tu ise exmaurebian

bizantiuri hagiografiis msgavs magaliTebs (lukas ~Tavman mokveTilman piri

aRmosavleTiT qna da didni ganicinna da madlobaÁ Seswira RmerTsa`1. nikoloz

dvalis ~Tavman misman mokueTilman Ãma-yo SÂdgzis, Tu `didebaÁ Senda, qriste

RmerTo`2. naTlad Cans, rom ukanaskneli magaliTi pirvelis gameorebaa).

am faqtze yuradReba imitom gavamaxvileT, rom dagvenaxa: ~wamebis` Janris

TiToeul Txzulebas qarTulSi realuri istoriuli faqti udevs safuZvlad da

Txrobac, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, obieqtur-realur farglebSi mimdinareobs,

riTac is sagrZnoblad gansxvavdeba bizantiur-romauli hagiografiis umravles

TxzulebaTagan.rogorc Cans, qarTul hagiografias gaTvaliswinebuli aqvs

qarTveli mkiTxvelis racionaluri buneba, fantastikur-saswaulebrivi

ambebisadmi undobloba.qarTul ~wamebaTa` Txrobis istoriulad sandooba

qarTuli martirologiis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli mxarea da misi udidesi

Rirseba.amitom aris, rom Zveli da axali Taobis zogi istorikosi qarTul

hagiografiul Zeglebs istoriul Txzulebebad miiCnevs3.

* * *

bizantiuri martirologiis uZvelesi primitiuli Txzulebebisagan

gansxvavebiT, qarTul ̀ wamebebSi~ kargad Cans qristianuli mwerlobis garkveuli

dargebis ganviTarebis donec.qarTuli uZvelesi `wamebebis~ mixedviT vxedavT,

rom qristianuli polemikis dargi maRal donezea ayvanili (antimazdeanuri –

1 Zeglebi, IV, gv. 3482 iqve, gv. 350.3 iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba. Tb. 1945. m. lorTqifaniZe adrefeodaluri xanis qarT. saistorio mwerloba tb. 1966

270

evstaTis ~wameba`, abibos nekreselis ~wameba` da antimahmadianuri - ̀ abos wameba”

da TiTqmis yvela danarCeni Zveli da axali `wamebis~ Zeglebi).homiletikuri anu

qadagebis dargis warmatebebze ki `abos wamebis~ mixedviTac SeiZleba msjeloba.

aseve SeiZleba aRiniSnos egzegetikuri mwerlobis Sesaxebac (evstaTi, abo da

sxv.), xolo qristianuli dogmatikis ZiriTadi safuZvlebi TiTqmis yvela

ZeglSia warmodgenili.wminda werilis Rrma codna `wamebaTa~ qarTvel avtorebs

saSualebas aZlevs TavianT TxzulebaSi kargad gamoiyenon alegoriul-simboluri

Sedarebebi da magaliTebi. `wamebebSi~ SedarebiT sustadaa warmoCenili kanonika

da liturgika (saeklesio mwerlobis es dargebi gacilebiT meti sisruliT aris

warmodgenili `cxovrebis~ JanrSi).amis mizezi SeiZleba is iyos, rom qarTuli

martirologiur TxzulebaTa gmirebi, e.i. mowameebi arasasuliero pirebi arian da

maTi moRvaweoba eklesiis Zireul saqmianobasTan ar aris dakavSirebuli.marTlac

da sakvirvelia, rom qarTvel mowameTagan, romelTa Sesaxeb hagiografiuli

Txzuleba daiwera (mxedvelobaSi gvyavs erovnebiT qarTveli da araqarTveli

mowameebic – abo, evstaTi, raJdeni), mcirericxovani gamonaklisis garda, saero

pirebi arian (gamonaklisia abibos nekreseli, luka ierusalimeli, nikoloz

dvali da Sio garejeli, romelTa wamebis mizezebze zemoT gvqonda saubari).

es kidev adasturebs im azrs, rom sxvadasxva sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobis

ucxoeli dampyroblebis batonobis periodebSi qristianuli eklesiis msaxurTa

da Cveulebriv morwmuneTa devnas adgili ar hqonia.rac Seexeba mowame saero

qriastian pirebs, isini TavianTi politikuri Tu erovnuli Tvalsazrisis gamo

antagonistur damokidebulebaSi iyvnen ucxoel gabatonebul ZalebTan, rac

gaxda kidec safuZveli maTi wamebisa.

* * *

qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis Camoyalibeba, ra Tqma unda, bizantiuri

hagiografiis safuZvelze da mibaZviT moxda, magram qarTulma erovnuli SegnebiT

gamsWvalulma garemom mas sakuTari interesebi ukarnaxa da qarTuli hagiografiac

am interesebis gamomxatveli gaxda. qarTvel mowameTa erovnuli Rvawli kargad

aqvs SeniSnuli anton bagrations: ~vina saTanado ars Cuenda naturad wmindani

mowameni qristesni madlobad da qebad da ufrore Cuenni ganTÂsebiT, romelnica

iSunes mameulad mamulTa Sina CuenTa da saSoman adgilobiTman samSobloTa

adgilTa CuenTaman hSuna Ãorcielad da aRzardna da mSobelni maTni iyunes

winaparni mamani Cuenni da aqaurman eklesiaman saxelsa zeda wmidisa samebisa

aRmoSuna da misca cnobani saRmrToTa gangebulebaTani da qristesTÂs sikudilad

aRlesa`1.

1 martirika, Zeglebi, VI, gv. 158.

271

erovnuli motivia xazgasmuli abibos nekreselis ~wamebaSi`: ~Cemi ars

mowame ese da ara sxÂsa, Cemisa amisgan saydrisa nayofi Suenieri`1 da gviandel

martvilologiur TxzulebaSi – grigol dodorqelis qeTevan dedoflis

~wamebaSi`2 .amitom aris qarTuli ~wamebebi` saqarTvelos cxovrebis istoriul-

politikuri da erovnuli interesebis gamomxatveli problemebiT datvirTuli,

miuxedavad imisa, rom yela `wamebis~ arsi qriastianuli religiis safuZvlebis

dacvaa. aseTia qarTuli martirologia mTlianad, xolo bizantiurisa ki mxolod

mcire nawili.

qarTul martirologiur TxzulebaTa swored uZvelesi nimuSebi `SuSanikis

wameba~ da ̀ abos wameba~ gamorCeulia ara marto qarTul, aramed, albaT, saerTod

hagiografiul mwerlobaSi, pirveli Tavisi originalur-mxatvruli RirsebebiT

da SinaarsiT, xolo meore amasTan erTad Tavisi srulyofili kompoziciuri

SedgenilobiT.danarCeni Zeglebi (evstaTi mcxeTelis, kostanti kaxis, gobronis,

abibos nekreselis, arCil mefis, daviT da konstantines ~waembebi`), marTalia,

saintereso istoriul cnobebs gvawvdian sxvadasxva periodis saqarTvelos Sesaxeb,

magram daStampuli mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebiT da kompoziciuri

wyobiT didad ar gansxvavdebian bizantiuri trafaretuli Zeglebisagan.aqve

unda aRvniSnoT, rom wminda werilis literaturuli xerxebisa da Sedarebebis

gamoyeneba iseve Cveulebrivia qarTul ZeglebSi, rogorc bizantiurSi.qarTuli

hagiografiuli literaturis bolo saukuneebis Zeglebi (qeTevanis, luarsabis,

biZina, Salva da elizbaris, raJdenis `wamebebi~) ZiriTadad agrZeleben wina

periodis tipiuri ~wamebis` tradiciebs, magram SeiniSneba `cxovrebis~ Janris

TxzulebaTa didi gavlenac da ~SesxmiTi` Janris hagiografiuli Zeglebis

gavlenis kvalic (luarsabisa da biZina, Salva, elizbaris ~wamebebi`, antonis

~martirika` mTlianad).

* * *

marTalia, qarTul martirologiur TxzulebaTa mniSvneloba Zalze didia qarTuli literaturis istoriis, istoriografiisa da saerTod qarTuli kulturis istoriisaTvis, magram qarTul hagiografiaSi centraluri adgili mainc ̀ cxovreba-moqalaqeobebs~ uWiravT.swored am JanrSi daiwera ubrwyinvalesi Txzulebebis erTi wyeba (grigol xancTelis, efTvime mTawmidelisa da giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebebi~), romelTa Sesadari qarTul martirologiur literaturaSi mxolod `SuSanikis wameba~ da SesaZlebelia `abos wameba~ iyos.

rodesac Cven hagiografias or ZiriTad Janrad ~wamebad` da `cxovrebad~

1 Zeglebi, I, 2412 Zeglebi IV

272

vyofT, amosavalia ara marto wmindanis aRsasrulis saxe (`wamebebSi~ wamebiT sikvdili, xolo `cxovrebebSi~ bunebrivi gardacvaleba), aramed isic, rom aq gvaqvs RmerTTan miaxlovebis ori sxvadasxva gza: pirveli, hagiografiuli mwrlobis ideali – mowameoba (qristes wamebis mibaZviT), romliTac qristians SeuZlia miaRwios umaRles adamianur ideals, adamianur srulyofilebas (am mxriv mas garkveuli upiratesoba aqvs `cxovrebis~ JanrTan), meore, am ideals qristianma SeiZleba miaRwios yoveldRiuri mouRleli sarwmunoebrivi SromiT, rogorc grigol xancTelis `cxovrebaSi~ aris naTqvami: `ese yovelsa Jamsa iwamebodes saxelisaTÂs qristesisa~1 , anda iovane zedaznelis vrcel cxovrebaSi `yovelTa dReTa ewamebian da SromaTa TÂsTa Semateben~2 .sxvagvarad, yoveldRiuri saqmianoba sikeTisaTvis, brZola borotebasTan da urwmunoebasTan yoveldRiur `wamebas~ utoldeba.amitom am ori sxvadasxva gziT saboloo miznis miRwevis aRweras gansxvavebuli xerxebiT dawerili Txzulebebis forma Seesatyviseba.

`wamebisa~ da `cxovrebis~ Janris qarTul TxzulebaTa Sedarebisas irkveva, rom `wamebis~ gmirebi ZiriTadad saero pirebi arian (gamonaklisia abibos nekreseli, luka ierusalimeli, nikoloz dvali da Sio garejeli, Tanac ukanaskneli sami mowamis Sesaxeb mxolod `wamebis~ svinaqsaruli Zeglebi arsebobs), xolo `cxovrebisa~ mxolod sasuliero pirebi da Tanac mxolod ber-monazvnebi, riTac TiTqos xazgasmulia, rom saero pirs mxolod mowamebrivi gziT SeuZlia miuaxlovdes qristes ideals, xolo sasuliero pirisaTvis aseTi idealis misaRwevad mowamebrivi gzac arsebobs (zemod dasaxelebuli magaliTebi) da yoveldRiuri rudunebiT mTeli sicocxlis manZilze saRmrTo saqmeebis keTebiT, sikeTisaTvis brZoliT da borotebis daTrgunviT, miwaze misi arsebobis `mowamebrivi cxovrebis~ ganleviT miRwevis gzac.

`wameba~, rogorc wesi, erTpkaniani Txzuilebaa, romlis centraluri momentia mowamis cxovrebis ukanaskneli periodis aRwera, misi wamebis gamomwvevi situaciebis daxasiaTeba da wamebis dros gamoCenili moTminebis, sarwmunoebrivi simtkicis aRwera da bolos misi sikvdiliT dasjis faqti.rogorc wesi, martirologiur TxzulebaSi an srulebiT araferia naTqvami mowamis ganvlili cxovrebis Sesaxeb, an ramdenime fraziT aRniSnulia misi RvTismoSiSeba da RvTis siyvaruli bavSvobidan dawyebuli sikvdilamde.am faqtis axsna albaT imiTac SeiZleba, rom mowame gmiri hagiografiis interesis obieqti xdeba ara Tavidanve, aramed mis mier mowamebrivi aRsasrulis miRebis Semdeg.mxolod misi mowameoba ganapirobebs mwerlis interess, amis Semdeg iwyebs is fiqrs mowameze Txzulebis daweris Sesaxeb, magram mas sakmao cnobebi ara aqvs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoria mowamis cxovrebis detalebi, epizodebi, romelTa mixedviTac TandaTanobiT yalibdeba momavali potenciuri mowamis mtkice xasiaTi (gamonaklisia SuSaniki da nawilobriv abo Tbileli).amitom martirologiur TxzulebaTa umravlesoba sqematuri da Sablonuria mowmis cxovrebiseuli abebis, Cvevebisa Tu

1 Zeglebi, I, gv.257.2 iqve, gv. 208.

273

fsiqologiuri niuansebis gadmocemaSi.individualuri xasiaTebis warmoCineba hagiogarfiuli mwerlobis, gansakuTrebiT martirologiur TxzulebaTa usustesi mxarea. ̀ mowameTa~ erTi da imave xerxebiT dasxasiaTeba qmnis trafarets. erTi mowame meorisagan TiTqmis arafriT gansxvavdeba. es erTgvarovneba imiTac aris gamowveuli, rom qristianuli religiis ideologiiT mowameoba adamianuri srulyofilebis yvelaze maRali gamovlinebaa, adamianuri idealis umaRlesi safexuria, RmerTis Semecnebis erT-erTi umTavresi gzaa da amitom aseT pirovnebas mxolod idealuri sulieri Tvisebebi axasiaTebs, mxolod saTnoebani (simdable, mowyaleba, umankoeba, simSvide, marxuloba, siyvaruli, sasoeba) da ar SeiZleba uaryofiTi Tvisebis niSan-wyali hqondes. qristianuli ideologia cnobs idalurad dadebiT gmirs da masTan dapirispirebuli borotebis gansaxierebas (sanam masze keTili ar gaimarjvebs da igi idelauri ar gaxdeba). amitom aris, rom hagiografiuli Txzulebis gmiris Tvisebebi esadageba evangelisturi wignebis Teoriul moTxovnilebebs da religiur idealebs. am meTodiT `mowamis~ daxasiaTebis uamravi magaliTidan, romelic yvela hagiografiul TxzulebaSi gvxvdeba, movitanoT oriode `kostanti qarTvelis wamebidan~: àmas yovelsa Tana friad moRuawe iyo igi naklulevanTaTÂs saaxlisa TÂsisaTa, rameTu esmina Tqumuli igi pavles mociqulisaÁ, viTarmed: ùkueTu vinme TÂsTa, da ufroÁs-Ra saxleulTa, ara moRuawe iyos, sarwmunoebaÁ uvaruyofies mas da ars igi urwmunoTa uZÂrÀsa~1 (tim. 5, 8), anda: àqunda netarsa mas simdablÀ da Tavis-debaÁ ufroÁs yovelTa kacTaÁ, rameTu esmina sityuaÁ igi mÃsnelisa da macxovrisaÁ, viTarmed: ìswaveT Cemgan, rameTu mSÂd var da mdabal~2 (maTe, II, 29).aseTi statikuri, mxolod frazeologiuri daxasiaTeba tipiuria hagiografiul TxzulebaTaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki martirologiuri ZeglebisaTvis.wmindanis daxasiaTeba ara amgvarad, aramed misi moqmedebiT garkveul konkretul situaciaSi, gacilebiT

iSviaTia da ZiriTadad `cxovreba-moqalaqeobebSi~ gvxvdeba.

* * *

qarTuli hagiogarfiuli mwerlobis `cxovreba-moqalaqeobis~ Janris pirveli Txzuleba, romelic IXs.aris Sedgenili, qarTuli eklesiis istoriis umniSvnelovanes movlenas – aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi qristianobis Semosvlasa da sabolood damkvidrebas asaxavs. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~, romlis saTauri gadmogvcems Zeglis ZiriTad Sinaarss, TiTqos ar unda iyos hagiografiuli Txzuleba misi saTauris am Janrisadmi Seusabamobis gamo.Txzulebis Sesavali nawilic istoriul-qronlogiuri xasiaTisaa, magram Zeglis meore nawili, romelic organulad ukavSirdeba Txzulebis dasawyiss da romlis saTauria `cxovrebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi”, adasturebs, rom Txzuleba saqarTvelos

1 Zeglebi, I, gv. 1662 iqve.

274

ganmanaTleblis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb dawerili hagiografiuli Zeglia.misi kompoziciuri originaloba, romliTac is arc erT `cxovrebas” ar hgavs (gavvixsenoT, rom pirveli qarTuli martirologiuri Txzulebac `SuSanikis wameba” aseve Taviseburia `wamebis” Janris sxva TxzulebebTan SedarebiT), unda aixnas TviT Txzulebis centraluri gmiris istoriuli misiiT. marTalia, Txzulebis ZiriTadi nawili wm. ninos cxovrebasa da moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebul epizodebs uWiravs, magram Txzulebis ZiriTad saTaurSi aisaxa umniSvelovanesi, saqarTvelos cxovrebis istoriuli Semobrunebis faqti, nino ganmanaTleblis Rvawlis yvelaze didi Sedegi (grandiozulma Sedegma, ase vTqvaT, daCrdila am Sedegis Semoqmedi).aRmosavleT saqarTvelos `moqcevis” istoriis sisruliT warmoCenam ki moiTxova istoriul-qronologiuri, ase vTqvaT, dokumenturi xasiaTis eqskursic. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom gviandelma hagiografebma, leonti mrovelma da arsen iyalToelma, romlebmac `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ” safuZvelze daweres ̀ ninos cxovrebis” axali redaqciebi, uari Tqves TavianTi wyaros istoriul-qronologiur nawilze.

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs” kompoziciuri originaloba Txzulebis dasawyisSi istoriuli qronikis darTviT ar amoiwureba: originaluria kompoziciurad wm. ninos cxovrebis amsaxveli epizodebis dalagebisa da Sinaarsis gadmocemis xerxebic (sxvadasxva pirebis mier ninos cxovrebisa da qarTlis gaqriastianebis sxvadasxva epizodebis Sesaxeb Txroba, romelSic xSirad ar aris daculi qronologiuri Tanmimdevroba), rac uCveuloa hagiografiul TxzulebaTa tipiuri nimuSebisaTvis.swored amitom gadaakeTes es Txzuleba Cveulebrivi standartebis mixedviT jer leonti mrovelma – ufro naklebad da Semdeg arsen iyalToelma.es ukanaskneli wers:`ese netarisa ninoÁs cxovrebaÁ Seuwyoblad ganbneulad `qarTlisa moqcevasa” Tana... aRreulad sweria... garna win ukuana da ukuana wina, igive da erTi piri”1.

amrigad, Tu Cvenamde moRweuli martirologiuri Txzuleba - `SuSanikis wameba” daiwera V saukuneSi, pirveli Cvenamde moRweuli `cxovreba-moqalaqeobis” Zegli `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ” (`cxovrebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi”) mxolod IX saukunis II naxevarSi aris Seqmnili. am faqtze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom `cxovrebis” Camoyalibeba qarTul hagiografiaSi gviandeli movlena Cans, Tuki am Janris ramdenime Txzulebas dakargulad ar miviCnevT.cnobilia, rom bizantiur saeklesio mwerlobaSi ~cxovrebis` Janris warmoSobis safuZveli da mizezi samonastro organizaciis Camoyalibeba iyo (IIIs. II naxevari). saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi ki aucilebeli ar iqneboda `cxovrebebi” imave safuZvelze Seqmniliyo, radgan aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi qristianobis oficialur religiad gamocxadebidan (e.i. IVs. I naxevridan) samonastro

1 Zeglebi, III, 51.

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cxovrebis dawyebamde (VIs. II naxevramde) or saukuneze meti droa da am xnis manZilze qarTul eklesias albaT bevri iseTi gmoCenili sasuliero moRvawe hyavda, romelTa cxovreba-Rvawlis aRwera SesaZlebeli iyo, hagiografiuli Txzulebis sagani gamxdariyo. magram Cvenamde moRweuli `cxovrebebis” mixedviT Tavidanve SegviZlia davaskvnaT rom am Janris wamrmoSoba da ganviTareba mxolod samonastro saqmianobasTan aris dakavSirebuli da am Janris yvela qarTuli Txzuleba mxolod monasterTa gamoCenil moRvaweTa `cxovreba-moqalaqobas” aRwers (gamonaklisia ̀ moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ” anu ̀ ninos cxovreba” da isic gasagebi mizezebis gamo). arc erTi qarTuli hagiografiuli Txzuleba ar aris miZRvnili qarTuli eklesiis e.w. `TeTri samRvdeloebis” arc erTi warmomadgenlisadmi (petre iberielis `coxvreba” ZiriTadad petres samonazvno ambebs gviTxrobs: `mis mier qarTvelTa monastrisa da sastumro saxlis mSeneblobis, ufro naklebs ki misi saepiskoposo moRvaweobis Sesaxeb.amasTanave is xom berZnul-siriuli eklesiis episkoposia da ara qarTuli ekelsiisa da, Tanac, `petre iberielis cxovreba” naxevrad originaluri da naxevrad naTargmni Zeglia). amitom, Tu ki Cven vifiqrebT, rom ̀ cxovrebis Janris ramdenime Txzulebam Cvenamde ver moaRwia, isic unda davuSvaT, rom is Txzulebebic qarTvel ber-monazonTa `cxovrebebi” iqneboda (uZvelesi Zeglebidan aseTebi SeiZleba yofiliyo `asurel mamaTa” Sesaxeb Seqmnili erToblivi Zegli an ramdenime maTganze dawerili calkeuli Txzulebebi, gacilebiT adrindeli, vidre Cvenamde mosuli asurel mamaTa cxovrebis e.w. arqetipebi – Xs., xolo ufro gvian Seqmnili da aw dakarguli IXs. Txzulebis `miqel parexelis cxovrebis Sesaxeb mowmoba moipoveba qarTul wyaroebSi). ~moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ” Tuki Cven ara tipiur, originaluri kompoziciis hagiografiul Txzulebad miviCnieT, mis Semdeg Seqmnili yvela ~cxovreba-moqalaqeoba` hagiografiis am Janris tipiuri nimuSia. `cxovreba-moqalaqeobis” Janris TiTqmis yvela qarTuli Txzuleba X-XIss. daiwera (gamonaklisia XVIIIs. pirvel naxevarSi Seqmnili besarion orbeliSvilis `daZineba... ise wilknelisaÁ”, romelic sanaxevrod kompilaciuri, Tanac ufro metafrasuli Zeglia, da amave saukunis bolos gabriel mciris mier dawerili `cxovreba-moqalaqeoba... sqemosan onofresi”, trafaretuli, mdare Rirsebebis mqone Txzuleba). swored es saukuneebia qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis ganviTarebis mwvervalic da misi daqveiTebis dasawyisic.XI saukunis Semdeg, kerZod, giorgi mciris `cxovrebaÁ giorgi mTawmidelisaÁs” Semdeg qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis `cxovrebis” JanrSi axali aRaraferi Seqmnila. XII saukunis II naxevridan iwyeba zogierTi Zveli Zeglis gadakeTeba, gametafraseba, romelTa literaturuli Rirebuleba sagrZnoblad CamorCeba wina saukuneebSi Seqmnil qarTul TvalsaCino hagiografiul TxzulebaTa dones. X -XIss. Seqmnili TiTqmis yvela `cxovreba” qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis

276

SesaniSnavi nimuSia: `cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ serapionisi” (Xs.), `cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ... ioane zedaznelisa da mowafeTa misTaÁ” (Sio mRvimelisa da daviT garejelisa, Xs.), `cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ ilarion qarTvelisaÁ” (Xs.), `cxovrebaÁ... ioanesi da efTÂmesi” (XIs.), xolo ori maTgani: SromaÁ da moRuawebaÁ Rirsad cxorebisaÁ... grigolisi arqimandritisa, `xancTisa da Satberdisa aRmaSenebelisaÁ” (Xs.) da `cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ.. giorgi mTawmidelisaÁ” (XIs.) ki – saerTod hagiografiuli mwerlobis Sedevrebi.

samonastro cxovreba, romelic ZiriTadi da, Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, erTaderTi wyaroa X-XIss. qarTuli `cxovreba-moqalaqeobis” SeqmnisaTvis, yvelaze adre aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, qarTlisa da kaxeTis teritoriaze, warmoiSva VI saukunis meore naxevarSi. rogorc werilobiTi wyaroebi gvidastureben, pirveli monastrebis daarseba siriidan mosuli ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis saxelTan aris dakavSirebuli, Tumca maTi moRvaweobis amsaxveli hagiografiuli Zegli, Cvenamde moRweuli masalebis mixedviT, mxolod X saukunis meore naxevarSi Seiqmna (marTalia, abibos nekreselis wameba IXs. Zegladaa miCneuli, magram is `wamebas” warmoadgens).

samonastro mSeneblobis meore, ufro gviandeli kera, romelTanac dakavSirebulia ori umniSvnelovanesi `cxovreba-moqalaqeoba” – serapion zarzmelisa da grigol xancTelis ̀ cxovrebaTa” Seqmna, samxreT saqarTvelos tao-klarjeTisa da samcxis provinciebSi warmoiSva VII-IXss.1 (samcxis samonastro cxovrebis amsaxveli yofila aw dakarguli miqel parexelis `cxovrebac”, romliTac sargeblobda serapion zarzmelis `cxovrebis” avtori).mesame kera, romelmac X-XIss. ramdenime umniSvnelovanesi qarTuli `cxovreba-moqalaqeoba” mogvca, aTonis mTis qarTuli monasteri iyo saberZneTSi, daarsebuli X saukuneSi (ilarion qarTvelis, iovanesi da eqvTimes, giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovrebebi”. ierusalimis jviris qarTul monasterSi mxolod proxore qarTvelis svinaqsaruli `cxovreba” daiwera XIs. II naxevarSi).

saqarTveloSi daweril ̀ cxovrebaTa” Soris yvelaze adre ̀ serapion zarzmelis cxovreba” aris Seqmnili (Xs. 20-iani wlebis bolos), Semdeg `grigol xancTelis cxovreba” (951 wels) da `ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis cxovreba” (Xs. II naxevarSi – 955-980ww.)2. samive Txzulebis avtori, sabednierod, cnobilia. `serapion zarzmelis cxovrebis” avtori basil zarzmeli, marTalia, serapionis Zmiswulia, magram ar aris Tavisi biZis saqmianobis momswre da TviTmxilveli da mainc `cxovreba” dawerilia serapionis gardacvalebidan oriode aTeuli wlis

1 qarTul saeklesio-saganmanaTleblo kursebSi mimdinare literaturul-sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis Sesaxeb saerTod da kerZod samxreT saqarTvelos sazRvargareTis qarTuli kerebis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix. l. menabde, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebi I (I da II nakveTebi) Tb. 1962, II _ 1980.2 k. kekeliZe Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I 1980, gv. 150, 152, 161.

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Semdeg, ase vTqvaT, `cxel kvalze”.ufro meti dro, 90 weli, aSorebs `grigol xancTelis cxovrebis” avtoris, giorgi merCules, grigolis gardacvalebidan, Tumca am garemoebas uaryofiTi kvali mainc ver daumCnevia basili zarzmelisa da, gansakuTrebiT, giorgi merCules TxzulebaTa Rirsebebze.amasve ver vityviT ioane zedaznelisa da mis mowafeTa `cxovrebis” Sesaxeb. am Txzulebis avtorad TviT Zeglis saTaurSi arsen qarTlis kaTalikosia moxseniebuli. fiqroben, rom es is arsenia, romelic 955-980-iani ww. iyo kaTalikosad, roemlic Tavisi Txzulebis gmirebs daaxloebiT 400 wliT mainc aris daSorebuli, rasac, SeuZlebelia, uaryofiTi gavlena ar hqonoda mis mier aRwerili Txzulebis Sinaarsobriv sisruleze da Txrobis xarisxze.amas TviT avtoric ambobs: èse mciredi mravalTagan didTa saqmeTa davwereT mimyovrebisaTÂs Jamisa~1. amitom aris, rom am ukanasknelSi masalis simcire Sevsebulia saswaulebis simravliT, ganyenebuli msjlobebiT da locvebiT.

* * *

marTalia, Cven amjerad miznad ar dagvisaxavs, calkeul hagiografiul

ZeglTa konkretul sakiTxebs SevxebodiT, magram radgan e.w. asurel mamaTa

(ioane zedazneli, Sio mRvimeli da daviT garejeli), `cxovrebani~ erT Zeglad

movixsenieT, romlis saxelwodebaa `cxorebaÁ... ioane zedaznelisa da mowafeTa

misTaÁ”, da es Zegli am moRvaweTa Sesaxeb daweril TxzulebaTagan yvelaze

uZvelesad davasaxeleT, am sakiTxs ganmarteba esaWiroeba, miT umetes, rom

samecniero literaturaSi amis Sesaxeb sapirispiro azrebia gamoTqmuli.

cnobilia, rom àsurel mamaTa” moRvaweobis Seaxeb ramdenime sxvadasxva

redaqciis Txzuelba arsebobs: 1. ioane zedaznelis, Sio mRvimelisa da daviT

garejelis SedarebiT mokle cxovrebebi, romlebsac samecniero literaturaSi

àrqetipebi” ewoda. 2. ioane zedaznelis `cxovreba”, romlis erTaderTi

nusxa Setanilia ana dedofliseul `qarTlis cxovrebaSi”. es `cxovreba”

bolonaklulia. dakargul nawilSi varaudoben amave redaqciis Sio mRvimelis

`cxovrebis” arsebobasac, romelic iovane zedaznelis `cxovrebis” gagrZelebas

warmoadgenda. 3. dasaxelebul moRvaweTa cxovrebis metafrasuli redaqciebi,

romelTa wyaroa e.w. àrqetipebi”. metafrasuli redaqciis cxovrebebi rom

danarCenebze gviandelia, es eWvs ar iwvevs da amjeradac maT arc SevexebiT.

gasarkvevia, àrqetipi” aris is uZvelesi redaqcia, romelic asurel mamaTa

moRvaweobis Sesaxeb daiwera pirvelad, xolo `qarTlis cxovrebaSi” Setanili

iaone zedaznelis cxovreba da mis gagrZelebad nagulisxmevi Sio mRvimelis

cxovreba am àrqetipis” gavrcoba-gadamuSavebas warmoadgens, Tu piriqiT,

1 Zeglebi I, 217.

278

àrqetipia” Semoklebuli, daxvewili varianti `qarTlis cxovrebiseuli”

nusxisa. orive varauds samecniero literaturaSi Tavisi damcveli hyavs (Cven

adrindel naSromSi upiratesoba ukanasknel SesaZleblobas miveciT1).

iovane zedaznelis vrceli cxovreba (`qarTlis cxovrebaSi” Setanili

nusxa) ar SeiZleba XI-XII saukuneze adrindeli iyos, radganac is metafrasuli

redaqciisaa. amas adasturebs, jer erTi, misi saTauris Semdeg miwerili glosa:

`ganaaxla da ganavrco... qristes mier arsenic kaTalikozman”. amasve amtkicebs

TviT `cxovrebaSi” aRniSnuli faqtic: `xolo pirveli igi cxovrebaÁ da saqmeni

igi amis netarisani weril arian pirvelsa mas wignsa da Cuenda netar ars meored

aRwerad”2. amasTanave Teologiur-dogmatikuri vrceli Sesavali, pasaJebi da

erovnul-stilsturi monacemebi ueWvelsa xdis am Txzulebis metafrasulobas

da mis àrqetipze” aRmocenebis faqts. amasTanave vrceli Txzulebis saTauri

mianiSnebs, rom es Zegli mxolod ioane zedaznelis cxovrebas Seicavs (amis

damadasturebelia is faqtic, rom am cxovrebis aRwera avtorisaTvis uTxovnia

zedaznis monastris winamZRvars miqels, romelsac, bunebrivia, Tavisi monastris

damaarseblis cxovreba ainteresebda) da mis gagrZelebad ver vigulisxmebT

aw dakargulad miCneul Sio mRvimelis amave xasiaTisa da stilis cxovrebas:

`cxovrebaÁ... ioane zedaznelisaÁ, romeli brZanebiTa RmrTisaÁTa da winamZrurobiTa

sulisa wmidisaÁTa moivlina queyaniT SuamdinariT queynad qarTlisad aTormetTa

mowafeTa misTa wmidaTa Tana”3. àrqetipis” saTaurebi ki migvaniSnebs, rom

`cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa ioane zedaznelisaÁ da mowafeTa

misTaÁ, romelTa gananaTles queyana ese CrdiloeTisaÁ” marto ioane zedaznelis

cxovreba ki ar aris, aramed misi mowafeebisac, ZiriTadad Sio mRvimelisa da daviT

garejelisa, xolo danarCenis Sesaxeb mokle cnobebi (TaTa, ise wilkneli, ioseb

alaverdeli da sxv.) CarTulia Zeglis sxvadasxva adgilas. am ZeglSi, romelic

iwyeba ioane zedaznelis cxovrebiT, qvesaTaurebiT aris gamoyofili `cxovrebaÁ

da moqalaqobaÁ Rirsisa mamisa Cuenisa SioÁsi da evagresi”4. eWvgareSea, rom

es ukanaskneli mTliani Zeglis Semadgeneli nawilia. amis dasturad SeiZleba

movitanoT iovane zedaznelis ̀ cxovrebis” bolo nawili, sadac araferia naTqvami

ioanes gardacvalebis Seaxeb, xolo bolo abzacSi laparakia imaze, rom ̀ aw netarTa

mowafeTa misTaTÂs vityodiT”-o da iqve TaTas mier monastris aSenebazea saubari

oriode winadadebiT, xolo Txzulebis bolo striqonebSi ki naTqvamia: `xolo

sxuani Semdgomad amissa moviÃsenneT da RmerTsa vadidebdeT”... uaSualod amis

Semdeg modis qvesaTauri `cxovrebaÁ... SioÁsi...”, romlis dasawyisi ukavSirdeba

1 Zeglebi, IV, 31.2 Zeglebi, I, 198.3 iqve, 191.4 iqve, 217.

279

da gulisxmobs wina nawils, ioane zedaznelis `cxovrebas”, `xolo netari ese

da RmrTiv gangrZobili mamaÁ Cueni wmidaÁ Sio movida... da daemkÂdra dasavliT

kerZo dedaqalaqsa mcxeTas”. swored am `cxovrebis” bolo Txroba isev ioane

zedaznelis cxovrebis ukanasaknel periods exeba, aRniSnulia misi moxuceba,

sikvdilis moaxlovebis winaTgrZnoba, mowafeebis moxmoba da maTi damoZRvra,

gardacvaleba da dasafalavebasTan dakavSirebuli saswauli. es detali

ueWvelad amtkicebs, rom iovanesa da Sios ̀ cxovrebebi” erTi Zeglis ori nawilia

da ara calkeuli Txzulebebi. igive unda iTqvas daviT garejelis cxovrebis

`arqetipis” Sesaxebac, rom is `Sios cxovrebis” gagrZelebas warmoadgens da

ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis `cxovrebis” Semadgeneli nawilia da ara

damoukdiebeli Txzuleba, oRond am Zeglis SemadgenlobaSi Sios `cxovrebis”

msgavsad qvesaTauriT gamoyofilia `cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqeobaÁ wmidisa mamisa

Cuenisa daviT garesjelisaÁ”1. amas adasturebs daviT garejelis `cxovrebis”

dasawisi, romelic zustad Sio mRvimelis `cxovrebis” stilSi iwyeba (amasTanave

orive nawilis saTauri identuria): `xolo ese wmidaÁ mamaÁ Cueni daviT warvida

adgilTa udabnoTa da urwyulTa sjad Tavisa TÂsisa”2. `xoloTi” ar SeiZleba

daiwyos hagiografiuli Txzuleba, rogorc iwyeba Sio mRvimelisa da daviT

garejelis `cxovrebaTa” mokle redaqciebi, agreTve abibos nekreselis `wamebis”

SedarebiT moklesTan vrceli redaqcia. e.i. isini damoukidebeli Txzulebebi ki

ar arian, aramed erTi mTliani Txzulebis nawilebi. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom Sio

mRvimelis `cxovrebis arqetipSi” araferia naTqvami Sios gardacvalebis Sesaxeb

(zustad iseve, rogorc ioane zedaznelis cxovrebaSi araferia naTqvami ioanes

gardacvalebis Sesaxeb da es faqti aRniSnulia ̀ Sios cxovrebaSi”). mosalodneli

iyo, rom Sios gardacvalebaze aucileblad unda yofiliyo saubari (winaaRmdeg

SemTxvevaSi is iqneboda hagiogarfiuli TxzulebisaTvis uprecedento SemTxveva)

misi cxovrebis gagrZelebad nagulisxmev, romelime asureli mamis cxovrebaSi:

daviT garejelis cxovrebaSi ki Sios gardacvalebaze araferia Tqmuli. Sio

mRvimelis gardacvalebis faqti aRniSnulia abibos nekreselis `wamebis”

SedarebiT vrceli redaqciis bolos: `xolo netarman Sio mRÂmesa mas Sina

pova zecisa igi margaliti (es winadadeba Sio mRvimelis `cxovrebis” bolo

striqonebis zusti ganmeorebaa)... da iswrafda mislvasa mis winaSe, romeli-

igi moiquca man, miiyvana adgilsa mas, sadaca suroda, da Seisuena didiTa

gancxadebulebiTa...”3. abibos nekreselis `wamebis” mokle redaqciaSi msgavsi ram

ar aris,. amiT Cven imis Tqma gvinda, rom iovane zedaznelis, Sio mRviemlis, daviT

1 Zeglebi, I, 229.2 iqve.3 Zeglebi, I, 248.

280

garejelis cxovrebaTa àrqetipebi” da abibos nekreselis `wamebis” vrceli

redaqcia (romelic warmoadgens `wamebis” mokle redaqciis gavrcobas) erTi

Zeglis Semadgneli nawilebia da maTi calke Txzulebebad gamoyofa gviandeli

redaqtoris naxelavia1. amrigad, ioane zedaznelis `cxovrebis” `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi” Setanili teqsti arqetipis safuZvelze aRmocenebuli Txzulebaa

da misi dakarguli nawili Tu ki Seicavda Sios cxovrebasac (aseTi varaudi

gamoTqmulia2) da daviT garejelis cxovrebas (aseTi varaudi ar gamoTqmula),

isini iseTive metafrasuli, erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli Txzulebebi unda

yofiliyo, rogorc ioane zedaznelis dasaxelebuli `cxovreba” da Sesabamisi

àrqetipis” safuZvelze dawerili, iseve, rogorc mogvianebiT àrqetipebis”

safuZvelze kidev daiwera (XIIs.) iovane zedaznelis, Sio mRvimelis da daviT

garejelis metafrasuli `cxovrebani” da abibos nekreselis `wamebis” vrceli

redaqcia. amrigad, arsen II qarTlis kaTalikosis mier Xs. II naxevarSi dawerili

Txzuleba `cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqeobaÁ wm. m. C. ioane zedaznelisaÁ da mowafeTa

misTaÁ” am moRvaweTa Sesaxeb dawerili Cvenamde moRweul ZeglTagan uZvelesia.

es Txzuleba erTi mTliani Zeglia, romelic aerTianebs ioane zedaznelis, Sio

mRvimelis, daviT garejelis `cxovrebebs” da abibos nekreselis wamebas (es

ukanaskneli Tuki calke Txzulebad arsebobda, mxolod imitom, rom is `wamebis”

Janrisaa). CamoTvlil mRvaweTa Sesaxeb calkeul TxzulebaTa Seqmna XIIs.

qarTvel metafrastTa saqmea.

* * *

ioane zedznelisa da misi mowafeebis `cxovreba” ZiriTadad bizantiur

hagiografiaSi gavrcelebuli `cxovrebis” tipisaa: Txrobis Tanmimdevroba

epizodebis qronologiuri principiT dalagebaSi gamoixateba, kompozicia

erTxazovania, yuradRebis centrSi yovelTvis Txrobis ZiriTadi obieqti

dgas. iSviaTia raime gadaxveva, ZiriTad kompoziciaSi axali epizodebis Setana

da Tu aseTi magaliTi Segvxvda (Sio mRvimelis `cxovrebaSi” Txroba ioane

zedaznelis cxovrebis bolo periodisa da misi gardacvaleba-dasaflavebis

Sesaxeb), isic qronologiuri Tanmimdevrobis princips emorCileba da ar aris

ganpirobebuli kompoziciuri mravalplanianobiT. es Zegli kompoziciurad

martirologiis Janris tradiciebis gamgrZelebelia. ioane zedaznelisa da

misi mowafeebis `cxovreba” gandegilobis mosurne meudabnoe berebis cxovrebis

amsaxveli Txzulebis tipiuri nimuSia: minimumdea dayvanili berebis kontaqti

1 ufro vrclad ix. e. gabiZaSvili, asureli moRvaweebis `cxovreba~, e.w. arqitipebis urTierTmimarTebisaTvis, macne, els, #4, 1982, gv.61-872 il. abulaZe, asurel moRvaweTacxovrebis wignTa redaqciebi, Tbilisi, 1955, gv. XXIV

281

gare samyarosTan, naTlad Cans maTi gulgriloba qveynis socialur-politikuri

cxovrebisadmi, maTi ZiriTadi mizania xorcieli bunebis usastikesi daTrgunva

da swrafva sulieri srulyofisaken. erTi sityviT, am Txzulebas, rogorc k.

kekeliZe aRniSnavs, axasiaTebs monofizit-sirielTa damaxasiaTebeli `pirdapir

fsiqo-paTologiuri saqcieli da arabunebrivi reJimi”1 sapirispirod berZnuli

asketizmisa. qristianul mwerlobaSi gavrcelebuli `ÃorcTa ganlevis” motivi

qarTul hagiogarfiul Txzulebebidan yvelaze mZafrad swored am ZeglSia

warmodgenili, xolo danarCen TxzulebebSi ki _ sustad.

bizantiur hagiografiaSi, kerZod ki, meudabnoe berebis cxovrebis amsaxvel

TxzulebebSi, naklebad aris saubari maT miwier saqmianobaze, sazogadoebrivad

sasargeblo Sromaze da saganmanaTleblo moRvaweobaze. isini umetesad inertuli,

sakuTar sulier samyaroSi Caketili pirebia da maTi ZiriTadi moRvaweoba gare

samyaroze saswaulebis saSualebiT zemoqmedebiT amoiwureba. nawilobriv aseTi

suraTi gvaqvs ioane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis `cxovrebaSic”, magram es

ar aris qarTuli `cxovrebis” Janris damaxasiaTebeli niSani. dasaxelebuli

Txzulebisagan gansxvavebiT, yvela danarCen qarTul `cxovrebaSi” ber-

monazvnoba udidesi potenciis Zalas warmoadgens, romelic Tamamd ereva qveynis

politikursa da socialur saqmeebSi eklesiis organizaciisa da struqturis

sakiTxebSi, warmarTavs saeklesio ganaTlebisa da saeklesio pirebis momzadebis

saqmes. niSandoblivia, rom grigol xancTelis moRvaweobis amsaxvel Txzulebas

`SromaÁ da moRuawebaÁ... wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa grigolisi

arqimandritisaÁ, xancTisa da Satberdisa aRmaSenebelisaÁ...” ewodeba.

ioane zedznelis `cxovrebis” Sepirispirebis Sedegad grigol xancTelisa da

serapion zarzmelis ̀ cxovrebebTan” SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tavdapirveli qarTuli

samonastro cxovreba siria-palestinis samonastro cxovrebis gadmonergili

variantia da amitom misi tradiciebis gamgrZelebeli aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

sxavadasxva kuTxeSi. e.w. `asurel mamaTa” mier safuZvelCayrili samonastro

kerebi ara gvgonia, rom daarsebidanve gamoirCeodnen samonastro mSeneblobis

masStaburobiT an saeklesio-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobiT. piriqiT, Cvens xelT

arsebuli masalebiT pirveli monazvnebi udabur adgilebSi gamoqvabulebsa

da mRvimeebSi atarebdnen cxovrebas. am adgilebSi samonastro kompleqsebis

Seqmna da maTTan dakavSirebuli samwignobro kerebis aRmoceneba mogvianebiT

moxda iq miZalebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobidan gamosuli ber-monazvnebis

iniciativiT. zogierTi am keraTagani (mag.: gareja da SiomRvime) mogvianebiT

erovnuli interesebiT gamsWvaluli saganmanaTleblo centrad iqa. SeiZleba

1 k. kekeliZe, sakiTxi siriul moRvaweTa qarTlSi mosvlis Sesaxeb, etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, I, 33.

282

Tamamad iTqvas, rom qarTul erovnul samonastro cxovrebas safuZveli samxreT

saqarTveloSi, jer tao-klarjeTSi, Semdeg ki samcxe-javaxeTSi Caeyara, rom

swored saqarTvelos am provinciebSi aRmocenebulma da droTa ganmavlobaSi

farTo masStabiT gavrcelebulma samonastro qselma fesvi gaidga saqarTvelos

farglebs gareTac. unda aRiniSnos, rom samxreT saqarTveloSi grigol xancTelis

moRvaweobis dawyebamde samonazvno cxovrebis forma gandegilobiT, qvabSi

dayudebiT amoiwureboda aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi ̀ siriel mamaTa” moRvaweobis

msgavsad. amis kargi magaliTia erTi epizodi grigol xancTelis `cxovrebidan”:

xancTaSi grigolis mosvlamde dayudebuli iyo beri Ãuediosi, romelmac Seityo

ra iq xalxmravali monastris aSenebis gadawyvetileba, sTxova grigols da mis

mowafeebs: `xolo ese aRmiTquT, romel Cemda sikudidmde ara ganhmravldeT

adgilsa amas Sina”1. igive iTqmis miqel parexelis moRvaweobazec, romelic

kldis napralSi (parexSi) iyo dayudebuli. mis mier Tavisi mowafis serapion

zarzmelis gagzavna samonastro adgilis mosaZebnad da monastris asaSeneblad,

grigol xancTelis samonastro mSeneblobis gavlena unda yofiliyo, romlis

mowafedac miqaeli Tvlida Tavs2. sazRvargareTis ramdenime umniSvnelovanesi

qarTuli samonastro kolonia samxreT saqarTvelos samonastro organizaciis

bazaze aRmocenda, magaliTad, saberZneTSi aTonis qarTvelTa monasteri daaarsa

klarjeTis `oTxTa eklesiidan” aq mosulma ioane aTonelma. ierusalimSi jvaris

qarTvelTa monasteri aaSena klarjeTis wyarosTavis monastridan Camosulma

proxore qarTvelma, antioqiis Sav mTaze qarTvelTa samonastrro organizaciis

gamoCenili moRvaweebi da mwignobrebi giorgi mTawmideli (romelic Semdeg

aTonis mTaze moRvaweobda) da efrem mcire samcxidan iyvnen gamosulni da sxva

mravali. amitom iyo, rom ucxoeTis qarTuli samonastro kerebi ZiriTadad tao-

klarjeTisa da samcxis samonastro gamgrZelebelni da damcvelni iyvnen. amitom

iyo, rom grigol xancTelisa da Semdeg misi mowafeebis mier daarsebul monastrebSi

grigolis mier Camoyaliebuli mkacri da mtkice samonastro organizacia,

yoveldRiuri saqmianobisa da moqmedebis tradicia, eklesia-monastrebis Senebis

dauokebeli survili, ganaTlebuli samonastro kadrebis momzadebaze mudmivi

zrunva, saeklesio wignebis wera da SeZena, biblioTekebis Seqmna da msgavsi mravali

sasicoxlo Tu ufro wvrilmani saqmianoba sazRvargareTis bevri qarTuli

samonastro koloniis samoqmedo programad iqca. aseTi erovnuli ideologiiT,

saganmanaTleblo da saamSeneblo saqmianobis udidesi mniSvnelobis SegnebiT

aris gamsWvaluli yvela `cxovreba”, romelic samxreT saqarTvelos samonastro

mSeneblobas agviwers (giorgi merCules `grigol xancTelis cxovreba”, basili

1 Zeglebi, I, 255, 37.2 iqve, gv. 281.

283

zarzmelis `serapion zarzmelis cxovreba”) da is `cxovrebebic”, romlebic

aTonis qarTvelTa monasterSi Seiqmna da mis saliteraturo saqminobis

Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs (eqvTime mTawmidlis `ilarion qarTvelis cxovreba”,

giorgi mTawmidelis `ioanesa da eqvTimes cxovreba” da giorgi mciris `giorgi

mTawmidelis cxovreba”).

didi gansxvaveba aris VI saukuneSi asurel mamaTa mier aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi da grigol xancTelis mier VIII_IXss. samxreT saqarTveloSi

daarsebuli samonastro kerebis ara marto organizaciasa da saqmianobaSi,

aramed am TxzulebaTa Sorisac, romlebic am kerebis damaarsebelTa saqmianobis

Sesaxeb mogviTxroben. grigol xancTelisa da serapion zarzmelis `cxovrebebi”

Tvisobrivad axali safexuria ioane zedaznelisa dam is mowafeTa ̀ cxovrebasTan”

SedarebiT. es naTlad Cans am ZeglTa kompoziciuri struqturis, ideologiuri

gaazrebis, daxvewili enisa da mxatvruli arsenalis mixedviTac.

serapion zarzmelis `cxovreba” da gansakuTrebiT ki, grigol xancTelis

`cxovreba” gamoirCevian wina periodis qarTul hagiografiul TxzulebaTaTvis

uCveulo kompoziciuri struqturiT: adrindeli ZeglebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

sworxazovani kompoziciis, erTplaniani, qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT

warmoebuli siuJeturi Txrobis sapirispirod, dasaxelebul ZeglebSi centra-

luri personaJis Seaxeb Txrobis ZiriTadi Tema gaSlilia mravalricxovani,

novelis tipis TxrobiTi epizodebis fonze, romelTa centrSi umetesad, ra Tqma

unda, mTavari gmiri dgas, magram, xSiria iseTi epizodebic, sadac Txrobis aqcenti

gadatanilia Txzulebis ama Tu im meorexarisxovan personaJze, Txzulebis

centraluri personaJi ki meore planze dgas (`serapion zarzmelis cxovrebidan”

giorgi CorCanelis serapionTan da mis mxlebel berebTan Sexvedris epizodi,

miqel parexelis mier serapionis ukangamoxmobis epizodi, giorgi CorCanelis

memkvidreebSi warmoSobili ganxeTqilebis epizodi da sxv. mravali. `grigol

xancTelis cxovrebidan” – Txroba gabriel dafanCulis vinaobis Sesaxeb da

misi grigolTan Sexvedris epizodi, febronias damkvidreba klarjeTSi da misi

urTierToba grigolTan, zenon didisa da misi dis samijnuro ambebi, martoÁ

mRvdlis cxovrebis epizodebi da sxva mravali). zogjer romelime aseT novelaSi

saerTod ar Cans mTavri personaJi da Txroba exeba Txzulebis meorexarisxovan

pirs an pirebs (Txroba opizis monastris pirvel mSenebelTa Sesaxeb, miqelis

damkvidreba parexSi da sxva – serapionis `cxovrebidan”. grigol xancTelis

`cxovrebaSi” ki mravalia iseTi epizodebi, romlebSic ZiriTadad moTxrobilia

grigolis mowafeTa saqmianobisa da maT mier moxdenili `saswaulebis” Sesaxeb,

Tumca ar viciT, romeli maTgania Tavdapirveli ̀ cxovrebiseuli” da romeli bagrat

erisTavT-erisTavis mier Semdeg Camatebuli). aseT mravalsiuJetian TxzulebebSi

284

darRveulia moqmedebis tradiciuli qronologiuri Tanmimdevrobac. aseT

SemTxvevebSi Tavdapirvel poziciaze dabrunebisaTvis am TxzulebaTa avtorebi

iyeneben SemdgomSi `cxovrebis” JanrSi trafaretad qceul frazebs: `xolo Cuen

kualad aRvideT pirvelsave sityuasa da Zalisaebr vipyraT wesi Txrobisa”,

àmier kualad vipyraT neSti igi TxrobisaÁ da pirvelsave sityuasa aRvideT” da

sxva mravali serapionis ̀ cxovrebidan”, ̀ aramed aw pirvelsave sityuasa mivideT”,

àramed aw kualad neSti igi pirveli ganvaaxloT” da sxv. (grigol xancTelis

cxovrebidan, Tumca am TxzulebaSi aseTi wiaRsvlebisa da TxrobaSi gadaxvevebis

umravlesi magaliTebi msgavsi SeniSvnebis gareSea gakeTebuli).

ilarion qarTvelis, eqvTimes da iovanes, giorgi mTawmidelis ufro gviandeli

`cxovrebebic” imeoreben zemoxsenebul TxzulebaTa kompoziciur wyobas, Tumca

es sustadaa gamxatuli ìlarion qarTvelis cxivrebaSi”, ufro reliefurad ki

Cans èqvTimesa da ioanes cxovrebasa” da `giorgi mTawmidelis cxovrebaSi”.

aTonis mTis qarTul monasterSi Seqmnili hagiografiul TxzulebaTa

cikli qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis `cxovrebis” Janris ganviTarebis

bolo etapia (ufro gviandeli, petre iberielis XIII saukuneSi siriuli enidan

gadmoTargmnil-gadmokeTebuli `cxovreba”, agreTve XVIIIs. dawerili ise

wilknelisa da onofres `cxovrebebi” hagiografiuli mwerlobis ganviTarebad

ver CaiTvleba). ilarion qarTvelis, efTvime da iovane aTonelebis da giorgi

mTawmidelis `cxovrebebi” sruliad axal furcels Slis qarTuli saeklesio

mwerlobis istoriaSi. am Txzulebebis ZiriTadi Temaa bizantiaSi qarTuli

eklesia-monastrebis daarsebis istoriisa da am kerebSi gaCaRebuli udidesi,

erovnuli TviTSegnebiT gaRvivebuli kulturuli da literaturuli saqmianobis

aRwera. Tu ilarionis `cxovreba” am istoriuli mniSvnelobis wamowyebis

pirvel nabijebsa da pirvel warmatebebs exeba, efTvime mTawmidelisa da giorgi

mTawmidelis `cxovrebebi” mTeli masStaburobiT gadagviSlis saberZneTSi,

aTonis mTaze mtkiced fexmokidbulsa da berZnul saxelmwifo da saeklesio

wreebSi didi avtoritetis mqone qarTuli samonastro koloniis mesveurTa

yoveldRiur Rvawls qarTuli eklesiis simtkicis, saeklesio kulturisa da

ganaTlebis amaRlebis, originaluri Tu Targmnili saeklesio saprogaramo

Txzulebebis Seqmnis saqmeSi, mogviTxrobs im udidesi sulieri potenciis mqone

adamianebze, romelTa gasaocari Sromisunarianoba, dafuZnebuli maT udides

talantze, gamWvalulia mSobliuri qveynisa da xalxis msaxurebis SegnebiT.

amrigad, qarTuli `cxovrebis” erT-erTi umTavresi da damaxasiaTebeli

niSania qmediToba, miwieri cxovrebis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis problemebiT

daintereseba, Sromisa da garjis apologia, amqveyniuri cxovrebis politikur-

socialuri da religiur-sarwmunoebrivi idealebis damkvidrebisaTvis brZola,

285

rac Serwymulia qristianuli religiis dogmatikur principebTan. bizantiur

hagiografiaSi, ber-monazonTa `cxovrebebis” udides nawilSi ki gamosWvivis

umoqmedoba, sakuTar `me-Si” CaRrmaveba, mxolod sulieri swrafva RmrTisaken,

yovelgvari cxovrebiseulis uaryofa, yovelgvari xorcielis daTrgunvis

ideologia (movigonoT mTeli armia ber-monazvnebisa, mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi

svetebze dayudebuli, TorneebSi Camjdari, mRvimeebSi sakuTari surviliT

gamoketilni). bizantiur saeklesio litearturaSi gansakuiTrebiT aRiarebuli

iyo e.w. salosebis `cxovrebaTa” cikli, romelic fsiqiurad daavadebul ber-

monazonTa kontigents maTze gadmosuli saRmrTo madlis gansakuTrebul

gamovlinebad miiCnevoda. qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobisaTvis ucxoa am tipis

`cxovreba”. esec erTi sagulisxmo niSania qarTuli hagiogarfiuli mwerlobis

dasaxasiaTeblad. qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis damaxasiaTebeli

zemoaRniSnuli motivebis erT-erT ZiriTad safuZvels erovnuli Rirsebis dacva,

erovnuli interesebi warmoadgenda. erovnuli TviTSegnebis xma, romelic ioane

sabanisZis `abo tfilelis wamebaSi” gaisma, mTeli simZlavriT moedo qarTuli

saeklesio mwerlobis momdevno periodis yvela ubans, gansakuTrebiT ki, qarTul

hagiografias. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs” (cxovreba wmidisas ninoÁsi) Seqmnas

swored erovnuli sarwmunoebrivi safuZveli hqonda: qarTvelebs aRar undodaT

somxebTan saziaro ganmanaTlebeli hyolodaT grigol parTevelis saxiT, rogorc

es somxuri wyaroebis gavleniT iyo miCneuli adrindel qarTul ZeglebSi, da

sakuTari nino ganmanaTlebeli daayenes pirvel planze. saqarTveloSi qristianul

siwmideTa arsebobis mtkiceba am ZeglSi (`kvarTi uflisa”, wmida Zelis, anu juaris

samsWualni” da qristes `ferÃTa ficarni”) erovnuli siamayis gamoxatulebaa.

erovnuli siamayiT JRers giorgi merCules sityvebi: `qarTlad friadi qveyanaÁ

aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locvaÁ yoveli

aResrulebis”1, romelic TiTqos gamoZaxilia sabanisZis sityvebisa: `ara xolo

Tu berZenTa sarwmunoebaÁ ese RmrTisamieri moipoves, aramed Cuenca, SorielTa

amaT mkÂdrTa... aha esera, qarTlisaca mkÂdrTa aqus sarwmunoebaÁ da wodebul

ars dedad wmidaTa...”2. TiTqosda protestia gamoTqmuli berZenTa misamarTiT,

romlebic `fiqrobdnen, rom barbarosebs (maT Soris qarTvelebsac) ar SeuZliaT

sakuTar enaze gadaiRon miRwevebi bizantiuri kulturisa da arc aqvT amis ufleba, vinaidan, maT Soris ganmtkicebuli SexedulebiT, mwerloba SesaZlebelia mxolod sam enaze, romlebzedac aRniSnuli iyo braldeba jvarcmuli qristesi, ese igi – berZnuls, romaulsa da ebraulze”3. berZnebTan kulturul-saeklesio sferoSi

1 Zeglebi, I, 290.2 iqve, 55.3 k. kekeliZe, kulturuli damoukideblobisaTvis brZolis anarekli Zv. qarTul literaturaSi, etiudebi... IV, 112.

286

gaTanasworebis ideam mtkiced moikida fexi X-XIss. qarTul mwerlobaSi. jer kidev ioane-zosimem X saukuneSi (`qebaÁ qarTlisa enisaÁ”) qarTuli ena aramcTu berZnulis Tanasworad gamoacxada, aramed misi upiratesobac ki aRniSna: ̀ yoveli saidumloÁ amas Sina damarxul ars”-o, da qarTuli ena zogad saqristiano enad iwinaswarmetyvela: damarxul ars enaÁ qarTuli dRemde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad, raÁTa yovelsa enasa RmerTman amxilos amiT eniTa”-o1. qarTuli enisa da, saerTod, qarTuli erovnuli prestiJis saerTaSoriso done xazgasmulia ilarion qarTvelis `cxovrebaSic”: imperatirma basili makedonelma Tavisi ori vaJis aRzrda miando ara berZnebs, aramed ilarionis qarTvel mowafeebs: `locva yavT amaTTÂs, wmidano mamano, da aswaveT wignni da enaÁ Tqueni, raÁTa iyvnen ege Svilni locvisa Tquenisani”2. hagiograf avtorTa aseTi gancxadebebi usafuZvlo ar aris da liton frazeologias ar warmoadgenen. maTi safuZvelia erovnuli kulturis is didi miRwevebi, rac gamovlinda nacionaluri Sinaarsis hagiografiis SeqmnaSi, erovnuli saeklesio moRvaweTa da mniSvnelovan movlenaTa aRmniSvnel qarTul dResaswaulebSi, welTaRricxvis qarTuli sistemis `qarTvelTa saTualavis” SeqmnaSi, liturgikuli nacionaluri himnografiis CamoyalibebaSi da sxva mravali. kekliZis samarTliani TqmiT, àm xanSi qarTvelebi dasdgomian RvTismsaxurebis sruli gaerovnulebis gzas ara marto enis mxriv, aramed SinaarsiTac”3. bizantielebTan kulturuli metoqeobis tendencia gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans aTonis mTis qarTvel moRvaweTa `cxovrebebSi”: `cxovrebaÁ ioanesi da efTÂmesi” erovnuli Tavmomwoneobis grZnobiT aRniSnavs, rom aTanase didma Tavisi lavris mfarveloba iovane qarTvels miando, da rom efTvimesac àqunda zrunvaÁca didisa lavrisaÁ”, rom efTvime mTawmideli aTonis mTis monastrebis yvela winamZRvris pirveli mrCeveli da damrigebeli iyo, rom àrca proti (e.i. aTonis mTis yvela monastris meTauri), arca sxuani mamasaxlisni TÂnier misisa brZanebbisa araras iqmodes da iSÂTi dRÀ gardaÃdis, romelsa aTi anu aTxuTmeti mamasaxlisi ara movides maT winaSe”4. gorgi mTawmideli gansakuTrebuli erovnuli siamayis grZnobiT gvamcnobs, rom efTvimes ubrwyinvalesi literaturuli memkvidreoba `viTar nestÂ oqroÁsaÁ Ãma-maRali, oxris yovelsa queyanasa, ara xolo qarTlisasa, aramed saberZneTisasaca”5. swored efTvime mTawmidelisa da misi mowafeebis didma ganaTlebam da literaturulma saqmianobam, romelic òxris yovelsa qveyanasa”, aTqmevina giorgi mciris `cxovrebaÁ giorgi mTawmidelisaÁs” mowmobiT antioqiis patriarqs Teodosis giorgi mTawmidelis misamarTiT Semdegi sityvebi: `patiosano mamao! daRacaTu naTesaviT xar qarTveli, sxÂTa yovliTa

1 iqve.2 Zeglebi, II, 33, 15.3 k. kekeliZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 114.4 Zeglebi, II, 81.5 iqve, 41.

287

swavlulebiTa sruliad berZeni xar”1 da `Cuenive swori xar”2, radgan berZenTa warmodgeniT qarTvelebi `naTesavi ars umecari”3, magram giorgi mTawmidlis ganswavlulobam, qarTuli erovnuli eklesiis Rirsebebis warmoCinebam da misi zogierTi upiratesobis gamoaSkaravebam berZnul eklesiasTan SedarebiT imave Teodosi patriarqs qarTveli beris upiratesobac ki daanaxa TavisianebTan SedarebiT: `xedavTa bersa amas, viTar marto esodensa simravlesa gueurvis. vekrZalneT, nuukue winaaRmdgomi SeguemTxÂos da ara xolo Tu sityÂT, aramed saqmiT guamxilos ZleulebaÁ Cveni da dagÂmrwmenes da dagÂmremlnes”4.

erovnuli memkvidreobisa da Rirsebis dacvis aucileblobiT iyo gamsWvaluli qarTvel ber-monazonTa brZola berZenTa momxveWelobis winaaRmdeg ulumbosa da Sav mTaze (ilarion qarTvelis cxovreba5, arsen iyalToelis ninos `cxovreba”6) da aTonis mTaze (ioanesa da efTvimes cxovreba7, giorgi mTawmidelis cxovreba8), mahmadian dampyrobelTa winaaRmdeg sinaze da ierusalimSi (luka ierusalimelis wameba). erovnuli suli, sakuTari da xalxis interesebi amoZravebda yvela gamoCenil qarTvel moRvawes saqarTvelos monastrebSi da sazRvargareTis saganmanaTleblo kerebSi literaturul Tu praqtikul saeklesio da sazogadoebriv saqmioanobaSi. yvelaferi es metnaklebi sicxadiT fiqsirebulia, qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis ZeglebSi, gansakuTrebuli sisruliT ki `cxovreba-moalaqeobebSi”, rolmebic Cveni kulturul-literaturuli warsuli ubrwyinvalesi matianea.

hagiografiuli mwerlobis Zeglebis Seqmna moiTxovs ara marto gmiris Sesaxeb arsebuli faqtiuri masalis codnas, an Tvalis nanaxisa da gagonilis ubralo fiqsirebas, aramed Txzulebis weris im ostatobasac, romelic saSualebas miscems avtors sainteresod warmoudginos mkiTxvels Tavisi ideali, idealuri `mowame” da `moRvawe”. cxadia, avtoris niWi ZiriTadad gansazRvravs Txzulebis Rirsebas, magram Txzulebis av-kargianoba bevrad aris damokidebuli avtoris mier moxmobil wyaroTa Rirsebebze, Tu ra masala gamoiyena man, rom realuri faqtis siuJeturi ConCxisaTvis xorci Seesxa: sazogadoebrivi da saeklesio cxovrebis realuri ambebis gadmocemas misca upiratesoba Tavis TxzulebaSi, Tu hagiografiul mwerlobaSi gavrcelebul Sablonur yalibebsa da saswaulebis

moarul siuJetebs.

1 iqve, 151.2 iqve, 153.3 iqve, 152.4 iqve, 155.5 iqve, 206 Zeglebi, III, 49.7 Zeglebi, II, 938 iqve, gv. 149.

288

* * *

sxvadasxva drois qarTul wyaroebSi xSirad vxvdebiT gulistikiviliT

naTqvam sityvebs, rom bevri saeklesio moRvawis `cxovreba” da `wameba”

aRuwereli darCa da bevri maTganis saxeli daviwyebas mieca (ilarion qarTvelis

`cxovreba”1, grigol xancTelis `coxvreba”2, nikoloz gulaberiZis `sakiTxavi

sveticxovlisa”3). da marTlac, TvalSi sacemia qarTul hagiografiul

TxzulebaTa simcire: 14 saukunis ganmavlobaSi (V-XVIIIss.) hagiografiuli

mwerlobis yvela JanrSi erTad mxolod ramdenime aTeuli Txzuleba Seiqmna. aseT

simcires martooden Zeglebis garkveuli odenobis Cven dromde miuRwevlobiT

ver avxsniT, Tumca es momentic angariSgasawevia. wyaroebis miTiTebiT aRwerili

yofila miqel parexelis `cxovreba”, romelmac Cvenamde ver moaRwia. dakarguli

hagiografiuli Txzulebebi sxvac iqneboda, romelTa Sesaxeb cnobebic ar

Senaxula. amis magaliTad `grigol xancTelis cxovrebac” gamodgeba: qarTuli

hagiografiis am ubrwyinvalesi Zeglis (romelic amave dros moculobiTac

yvelaze didia) daweris dRidan [951w.] mis aRmoCenamde [1845w.], mTeli cxra saukunis

ganmavlobaSi, qarTul wyaroebSi misi xsenebis kvalic ar Canda. am movlenis erT-

erTi mizezi k. kekeliZes ase aqvs axsnili: `pasuxismgeblobis Segneba mwerlobis

wminda movaleobisaTvis imdenad maRali iyo xolme, rom momzadebuli pirnic

ki gaurbodnen mas xSirad. daeWveba Tavis codna-momzadebaSi, Tavis unarsa da

ZalaSi, Segneba Tavis uRirsobisa xels uSlida ama Tu im pirs samwerlo asparezze

gamosuliyo”4. aRniSnulis tipiuri magaliTia giorgi merCules sityvebi: `xolo

yoveli ver SeuZle aRwerad umecrebisa gziTa, rameTu vhgonebd cxorebisa

amis dawera brZenTagan da srulTa mamaTa, romelnica iyvnen JamTa CuenTa: didi

sofron, sanatreli mamaÁ, Satberdisa eklesiisa ganaxlebiT aRmaSenebeli da

ukunisamde gÂrgÂni misi, da RmerTSemosili mamaÁ ilarion parexeli da qristeÀs

mRdelTmoZRuarni Rirsni giorgi mawyuereli episkoposi da stefane mtbevari

episkoposi pirveli da sxuani msgavsni maTni. da viTarca maT netarTa daiZines,

maSinRa reca ganmeRÂiZa ucebsa amas da friad codvilsa Ãel-yofad da aRwerad

cxovrebaÁ da saswaulni ese, romel aw gesmnen”5. albaT, bevri Txzuleba ver

daiwera avtoritetTa winaSe aseTi gaubedaobis gamo da imis molodinSi, rom

isini dawerdnen Tanamedrove gamoCenil pirTa cxovrebebs.

bevri dRes CvenTvis cnobili hagiografiuli Txzuleba, romelTa gareSe

1 Zeglebi, II, 10, 15.2 Zeglebi, I, 249, 10.3 saqarTvelos samoTxe, m. sabininis gamocema, tfilisi, 1982, gv. 104-105.4 k. kekeliZe, SemoqmedebiTi procesi Zv. qarTuli literaturaSi... etiudebi, II, 208.5 Zeglwebi, I, 294.

289

qarTuli saeklesio mwerlobis istoria warmoudgenelia, dawerilia, ase vTqvaT,

iZulebis wesiT da ara avtoris sakuTari iniciativiT: abo Tbilelis `wameba”

ioane sabanisZes samoel qarTlis kaTalikosis avtoritetulma moTxovnam

daawerina, gobronis `wameba” stefane mtbevarma aSot kurapalatis davalebiT

Seqmna, giorgi mTawmidels ioane da efTvimes ̀ cxovrebis” Ãel-yofa ̀ mamaTa misTa

sulierTa ubrZanes”, xolo giorgi xucesmonazoni (mcire) giorgi Seyenebulis

ganmeorebiTma epistolem aiZula daewera giorgi mTawmidelis `cxovreba” da a.S.

k. kekeliZis SeniSvniT, saeklesio mwerlobis saerTod da, kerZod, qarTuli

hagiografiis ganviTarebis erT-erTi damabrkolebeli mizezi agreTve unda

yofiliyo erTi qristianuli debuleba, romelic solomonis igavSi asea

formulirebuli: `brZnad metyuelebaÁ vercxli ars wmida, xolo dumili –

oqroÁ rCeuli”. rogorc Cans, `dumilis” filosofia da `rCeuli oqros” Ziebam

bevri Txzuleba daaklo qarTul hagiografias, xolo vinc ki Rvawli dasdo mis

gamdidrebas, etyoba, giorgi merCules Semdeg Tvalsazriss iziarebda: àramed aw

me vinaÁTgan ver Zal-mic mouklebelad locvaÁ da sulelTa yovelTa udares var,

naklulevanebaÁ Cemi ara miflobs dumilad da zogs-raÁme umjobesad Semiracxies,

raÁTa vityodi Rirsad cxorebasa RmerTSemosilTa kacTasa”1.

SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom qarTul mwerlobas bevri daaklo saeklesio wesma,

romliTac mwerlobis ufleba, mxolod sasuliero wodebis warmomadgenelTa

privilegias Seadgenda. es privilegia ganmtkicebuli iyo saeklesio

kanonmdeblobiTac: meeqvse msoflio krebam 64 kanonis saxiT am sakiTxs Semdegi

formulireba misca: `viTarmed ara uÃms eriskacsa saerod aRZrvaÁ sityÂsaÁ anu

swavlaÁ erisaÁ da esreT mizidvaÁ Tavisa mimarT TÂsisa pativisa moZRurebisasa”.

es kanoni emyareba pavle mociqulis korinTelTa mimarT I epistolis [12, 12; 12,

27] grigol nazianzelis komentars: `ganwesebasa SeudgeT, Zmano, ese wesierebaÁ

davicvaT, romelime Cuengani iyavn yuri, romelime ena, sxuaÁ Ãel da sxuaÁ

sxua raÁme aso. romeli aswavebdin, xolo romelime iswavebdin... nu yovelni

varT ena ganmzadebul, anu yovelni mociqul, nu yovelni winaswarmetyuel,

nu yovelni gamovsTargmanebT2... am dogmiT eriskaci SeiZleba iyos `yur” da

araviTar SemTxvevaSi èna”. es Tvalsazrisi gatarebulia grigol xancTelis

`cxovrebaSic”: guaram mefem kiTxvaze, saeklesio wignebiT ganswavlulma

eriskacma Tu ìxilos raÁme keTili wesi, romel qristianobasa Seundos da Cven

Soris ara iyos, ginaTu wignTagan wmidaTa gulisÃma-yos da TaviT TÂsiT ersa

uswavlelsa auwyebdes, keTil arsa anu ara?” – episkoposTa uaryofiTi pasuxi

miiRo, romelSic warmoCenilia marTlmadidebluri eklesiis konservatuli

1 Zeglebi, I, 248.2 didi sjuliskanoni, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 394.

290

buneba: `weril ars: tÂrTi ganwesebuli eyofinnavsa, ukeTu daumZimo, dainTqas

da ukeTu subuqad iyos, qarTa da RelvaTa waritacon~ egreca tvirti SjulisaÁ

da wesi qristeanobisaÁ, romeli aw queyanasa Cuensa upyries, friad keTil ars da

RmerTi dajerebul ars. da amisTÂs Cven varT Tavsmdebni. xolo eriskacTaTvis

`umjobes dumili ars”, magram Tu dumuli ver SeZlos, yoveli moaxsenos Tavis

episkoposs da, Tu saWiro iqneba, `man aswaos TÂssa samwysosa”1. erTi mxriv,

mwrlobis sasuliero wodebis privilegiad gamocxadeba [Tumca am statusis

darRvevis SemTxevvebic gvaqvs qarTul saeklesio mwerlobaSi – bagrat erisTavT-

erisTavs grigol xancTelis `cxovrebaSi” ramdenime saswauli CauTavs, xolo

daviT aRmaSenebelma `galobani” sinanulisani dawera], meore mxriv sasuliero

pirTa fsiqikaSi ganmtikebulma Tavisi uRirsobis Segnebam, avtoritetTa winaSe

mowiwebam, `dumilis” filosofiam, agreTve Tezisma `brZenTa maqebrad brZeni

uÃms”, an rom SevcvaloT es debuleba: `wmindans maqebrad wmindani uÃms”, da

msgavsma debulebebma daabrkola qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis ganviTareba

da nawilobriv ganapiroba hagiografiul TxzulebaTa simcire.

zemoTqmulis safuZvelze Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom yvela qarTuli

hagiografiuli Txzuleba sasuliero piris dawerilia [am poziciebidan sakamaTo

aRar unda iyos, rom ioane sabanisZec sasuliero piria]. SeiZleba iTqvas isic,

rom Tavisi uRirsobis Segnebisa da Tavmdablobis gamo ar gamoamJRavna Tavisi

vinaoba zogierTi hagiografiuli Txzulebis avtorma [evstaTi mcxeTelis

`wameba” kostanti kaxis `wameba”, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ” da sxv.]. avtorTa

erTi wyebis vinaoba CvenTvis cnobili gaxada im faqtma, rom maT davalebiT

daawerines hagiografiuli Txzuleba da `maiZulebelTa” vinobis aRniSvna maT

savaldebulod miiCnies, amasTanave Tavisi vinaobis gamJRavnebac mouxdaT [ioane

sabanisZe, stefane mtbevari, giorgi mTawmideli, giorgi mcire...]. erTma nawilma

Tavi gagvacno im mizeziT, rom maT aRiares TavianTi `kadniereba”, rom gabedes

Tavisi gmiris `cxovrebis” aRwera, Tumca isini, rogorc Cans, gamouvalma

mdgomareobam aiZula: visac xelewifeboda maTi coxvrebis aRwera, maT raRac

mizezebis gamo ar SeusrulebiaT es movaleoba, arada am moRvaweTa saqmeebi ar

SeiZleboda STamomavlobas ar gaecno [giorgi merCule, basil zarzmeli da sxv.].

zogi avtoris vinaoba TanmedroveTagan an gviandeli drois TxzulebaTa mixedviT

aris dadasturebuli [grigol dodorqeli, besarion orbeliSvili da sxv.],

nawilisa ki im garemoebiT, rom maT adre arsebuli Txzuleba gadaumuSavebiaT da

am faqtis aRniSvna aucileblad miuCnebviaT [leonti mroveli, arsen iyalToeli,

Teofile xucesmonazoni, romanoz mitropoliti, besarion orbeliSvili, anton

pirveli da sxv.].

1 Zeglebi, I, 289-290.

291

qarTul hagiografiul TxzulebaTa avtorebi SeiZleba ramdenime kategoriad

davyoT: avtorebi, romlebic TavianT gmirTa saqmeebis monawile da TviTmxilvelni

iyvnen [iakob curtaveli, giorgi mcire, gvinadelTagan gabriel mcire – onofres

`cxovreba” da ̀ porfires mosaxsenebeli”], avtorebi, romlebic TavianTi gmirebis

Tanamedroveni iyvnen [ioane sabanisZe, stefane mtbevari, evstaTi mcxeTelis

`wamebis” avtori, kostanti kaxis ̀ wamebis” avtori]; avtorebi, romlebmac aRweres

axlo warsulis movlenebi, jer kidev cocxali avtoris zogierTi Tanamedrovis

mexsierebaSi [basili zarzemli, giorgi merCule, giorgi mTawmideli, grigol

dodorqeli, besarion orbeliSvili – luarsabis `wameba”, `wameba” biZina, Salva

da elizbarisi]. ufro metia im TxzulebaTa ricxvi, romelTa avtorebma Soreuli

warsulis Sesaxeb cnobebi werilobiT wyaroTa da zepir gadmocemaTagan Sekribes

[`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ”-s avtori, daviT da kostantines `wamebis” avtori, arsen

kaTalikosi – asurel mamaTa `cxovreba”, leonti mroveli da arsen iyalToeli

- `ninos cxovreba”, efTvime mTawmideli da Teofile xucesmonazoni – ilarion

qarTvelis `cxovreba”. besarion orbeliSvili – ise wilknelis `cxovreba”,

arCil mefisa da raJdenis `wamebebi”, makari mesxi – petre qarTvelis `coxvreba”

da sxv.]. TviTmxilvel avtorTa – iakob xucesisa da giorgi mcires TxzulebaTa

maRalmxatvruli Rirsebebi da istoriuli ueWveloba am avtorTa aucielbel

talantTan erTad swored am movlenebis SuagulSi maTma trialmac ganapiroba.

daaxloebiT igive unda iTqvas im TxzulebaTa mimarT, romlebic Tanamedrovea,

magram ara TviTmxilvelTa mier arian Seqmnili [gansakuTebiT abo Tbilelis

`wameba”.]. didi RirsebebiT gamoirCevian is Txzulebebic, romelbic maTSi

aRweril movlenebidan arcTu didi xnis Semdeg daiwera [gansakuTrebiT grigol

xancTelis, serapion zarzmelis, efTvime da iovanes cxovrebebi da XVIII

saukunis rigi Txzulebebisa]. rac Seexeba Txzulebebs, romelTa avtorebic didi

droiT arian dacilebuli am TxzulebebSi aRwerili ambebisagan, isini faqtebisa

da movlenebis cocxali ferebiT gadmocemaSi bevrad CamorCebian danarCen

Txzulebebs.

amrigad, qarTuli originaluri hagiogarfiuli mwerlobis warmodgenili

zogadi da albaT arasruli mimoxilvidanac Cans, rom hagiografiul ZeglebSi

erovnuli kulturisa da literaturuli tradiciebis saintereso suraTia

mocemuli. TiToeuli Txzulebis gamowvlilviT Seswavla, maTi jer kidev

gamouvleneli kavSirebis migneba winare literaturul tradiciebTan da

agreTve sasuliero mwerlobis sxva dargebTan, kidev ufro naTlad dagvanaxvebs

hagiografiul TxzulebaTa literaturul-istoriul Rirebulebas.

292

Некоторые вопросы оригинальной агиографическойписменности

Р е з ю м еВ статье дана попытка рассмотрения основных вопросов грузинской агиографии

в связи с окончанием публикации шеститомника - ,,Памятники древнегрузинской агиографической литературы”.

293

Zveli qarTuli kanonikuri mwerloba ∗

kanonika saeklesio samarTlis im kanonebis erTobliobaa, romelic sakanonmdeblo saeklesio organoebis mier aris miRebuli qristianuli eklesiis aRmocenebis droidan da gansazRvravs eklesiisa da saxelmwifos, eklesiis da misi wevrebis urTierTvaldebulebebs da eklesiis organizaciis, aRmsareb lo-bisa da disciplinis yvela niuanss. amdenad kanonika iuridiul mecnierebis obieq tia, magram kanonikuri samarTlis Zeglebis warmomavlobis, maTi Camoyali-bebis wyaroebis Zieba, maTi filologiur-teqstologiuri da terminologiuri sakiTxebis kvleva Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoriis sferos ganekuTvneba. amdenad kanonikuri mwerlobis sruli Sinaarsi SeiZleba ganisazRvros iuridiul da istoriul-filologiur mecnierebaTa erTobliobiT.

amjerad Cven SevexebiT qristianuli eklesiis samarTlis im naTargmn da originalur literaturul Zeglebs, romelTac ganapirobes qarTuli kanonikuri samarTlis Camoyalibeba.

kanonikuri samarTlis Camoyalibebis dro, Tundac misi sawyisi etapi gulisxmobs qristianuli eklesiis simwifis garkveul dones, amitom bizantiis saeklesio mwerlobaSi pirveli kanonikuri krebulebis Sedgena qristianobis oficialur saxelmwifo religiad aRiarebis Semdeg xdeba da misi aRmoceneba nikiis I msoflio krebis (325 w.) kanonebTan wina da momdevno periodis adgilobrivi krebaTa (ankviriis _ 314; neo kesariis _ 314-325; agr. Rangris _ 340 w). kanonTa SeerTebiT unda momxdariyo. aqedan dawyebuli saeklesio kanonebis krebulTa Sedgeniloba IV-IX ss. ganmavlobaSi icvleboda masSi Sesuli axali kanonikuri masalis (adgilobrivi da msoflio krebebis, agreTve gamoCenil saeklesio mamaTa Sromebidan amokrefili kanonebis) masSi Setanis Sedegad manam, sanam ar Camoyalibda qristianuli eklesiis saboloo kanonikuri kodeqsi e.w. 883 w. 14 titlovani (nawiliani) nomokanoni, romelic 920 wlidan zogadqristianuli saxelmZRvanelod iqmna damtkicebuli saeklesio samarTlis dargSi da iTargmna TiTqmis yvela qristianul enaze, maT Soris qarTuladac `didi sjuliskanonis~ saxelwodebiT XI s. miwuruls, an XII s. pirvel wlebSi. sanam am umniSvnelovanesi Zeglis ganxilvas SevudgebodeT, vnaxoT kanonikuri mwerlobis rac tradiciebi arsebobda saqarTveloSi am Zeglis Targmanebamde.

qarTuli kanonikuri samarTlis CamoyalibebaSi Teoriulad TavianTi wvlili unda SeetanaT erTi mxriT bizantiuri saeklesio mwerlobidan naTargmn kanonikuri xasiaTis Txzulebebs, xolo meore mxriT adgilobriv saeklesio tradiciebze aRmocenebul originalur kanonikur Zeglebs, magram samwuxarod

* ibeWdeba pirvelad.

294

IV-X ss. periodis qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebSi rogorc pirvelis, aseve meoris arsebobis mxolod savaraudo kvali-Ra aris SemorCenili.

dRes mxolod varaudis doeze SeiZleba laparaki Zvel saqarTveloSi adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa mowvevis periodulobis Sesaxeb (rogorc es xdeboda bizantiur saeklesio samyaroSi _ yvela adgilobrivi eklesia valdebuli iyo saeklesio kreba moewvia weliwadSi orjer, ukidures SemTxvevaSi erTxel mainc, romelzedac ganixileboda wlis ganmavlobaSi wamoWrili eklesiis organizaciuli da disciplinaruli sakiTxebi (didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 219-220; 252; 273, 373, 423; 159-160). _ dogmaturi sakiTxebis ganxilva sagangebod mowveul msoflio saeklesio krebebze xdeboda), magram aseTi krebebis mowveva araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba gamoiricxos. xolo aseT krebebze kanonmdeblobis miReba albaT saeklesio krebis rangze iqneboda damokidebuli _ yvela adgilobrivi kreba kanonebs ver miiRebda da albaT eklesiis mimdinare wvrilman sakiTxebs wyvetda, magram saqarTvelos istoriaSi cnobil gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis sagangebo saeklesio krebebs rom TavianTi saqmianoba `Zeglisweris anu kanonikuri dadagenilebebis saxiT ar CamouyalibebiaT, Zneli dasajerebelia.

iv. javaxiSvilis varaudiT aseTi krebebi aucileblad iqmneboda mowveuli: 1) qarTlis eklesiis avtokefaliis gamocxadebasTan dakavSirebiT. 2) dvinis 607 wlis krebaze somexTa mier saqarTvelos eklesiis mwvaleblobaSi braldebis sapasuxod. 3) VIII-IX ss-mde saqarTveloseklesiis episkoposTa colianobis gasamarTleblad. misive azriT, saeklesio kanonmdebloT unda damTavrebuliyo saeklesio krebebi, romelTa mowveva werilobiTi wyaroebiT aris dadasturebuli. javaxeTSi IX s. Sua wlebSi mowveuli kreba qarTlis kaTalikosad arsenis xeldasxmis kanonierebis gansaxilvelad _ grigol xanZTelis `cxovrebaSi 2. Rrtilis kreba bagrat IV-is dros da a.S.).

amrigad, originaluri saeklesio kanonSemoqmedebidan XI s. bolomde qarTul saistorio wyaroebs arc erTi Zegli ar Semounaxavs. pirveli saeklesio kreba, romlis kanonmdeblobam `Zeglisweris~ saxiT Cvenamde srulyofilad moaRwia aris 1105 w. mowveuli ruis-urvnisis kreba.

axla vnaxoT, qarTul, Zvel X saukunemdel werilobiT wyaroebSi aris Tu ara cnobebi qarTulad bizantiuri kanonikuri Zeglebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, radgan TviT am Zeglebis TargmanTa Semcveli qarTuli xelnawerebi ar Cans. sanam am sakiTxs SevexebodeT, vnaxoT ra saxis saeklesio samarTlis krebulebi arsebobda bizantiur mwerlobaSi qristianobis damkvidrebis droidan, ra wyaroebis safuZvelze adgendnen maT da ra cvlilebebi xdeboda am krebulTa Sinaarsoblivi Sevsebisa da maTSi Sesuli wyaroebis sistematizaciis Sedegad. erTi sityviT, bizantiuri kanonikuri samarTlis ra Zeglebisa da ra wyaroebis Targmna iyo mosalodneli berZnulidan qarTulad X saukunemde.

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pirvel kanonikur krebuls bizantiur saeklesio mwerlobaSi `pontos krebuls~ uwodeben, romelic nikiis I msoflio saeklesio krebis kanonebis bazaze Sedga masTan ankviriis (314), neokesariis (314-325 ww.) da Rangris (340 w.) adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebis mierTebiT IV s-Si. yvela es kreba pontos diocezSi iyo mowveuli; aqedan krebulis saxelwodebac. qalkedonis IV msoflio kreba (450 w.) sargeblobda specialuri `kanonTa wigniT~, romelic kanonTa uwyveti saTvalaviT Seicavda `pontos krebuls~ da antioqiis (341 w.), laodikiis (343 w) adgilobriv krebaTa da konstantinopolis II msoflio krebis (381 w.) kanonebs, rogorc es aRniSnulia qalkedonis krebis aqtebSi. ar Semonaxula Cvenamde iseve, rogorc dasaxelebuli ori krebuli, arc e.w. 60-nawiliani (titlovani) kanonikuri krebuli, romlis Semadgenoloba qalkedonis krebis `kanonTa wignTan~ SedarebiT gamdidrebuli iyo mociqulTa, sardikiis (343 w.), efesos III da qalkedonis IV msoflio krebaTa kanonebiT (krebuls 535 w. axlos Sedgenilad miiCneven). es pirveli sistematuri xasiaTis kanonikuri krebuli iyo, sadac saeklesio krebaTa kanonebis dasaxeleba-dajgufebuli iyo 60 nawilad (titlosad), 60 saeklesio sakiTxis Sesabamisad, xolo TviT kanonTa sruli teqstebi warmodgenili iyo krebulis ZiriTad nawilSi. fiqroben, rom am krebulSi, bolos damatebis saxiT erTvoda samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobidan amokrefili kanonebis krebuli (Collectio XXV capitulorum) eklesiis sakiTxebze.

pirveli kanonikuri krebuli, romelmac Cvenamde sruli saxiT moaRwia aris ioane sqolastikosis 50-titlovani (nawiliani) sistematuri kanonikuri krebuli, Sedgenili 566 wlamde (cnobebi zemoxsenebuli 60-titlovani krebulis Sesaxeb swored aqaa daculi).

am krebulSi 60 _ titlovan krebulTan SedarebiT damatebiT aris Setanili basili didis mier amfiloqe ikonielis mimarT miwerili II da III epistoleTa safuZvelze Sedgenili 68 kanoni. amasTanave, sistematuri nawili dayofilia 50 titlosad (albaT iustiniane didis digestonebis mibaZviT). krebuls bolos erTvis damatebis saxiT iustinianes novelebidan gamokrebili samoqalaqo kanonebis krebuli saeklesio sakiTxebis Sesaxeb (Collectio 87 capitulorum), romelic 565-578 ww. Seudgenia imave ioane sqolastikoss.

am ori krebulis gaerTienebiT ucnob avtors daax. 582-602 ww. Seudgenia formiTa da SinaarsiT sruliad axali kanonikuri krebuli `50 titlovani nomokanoni~ aseTi principiT: TiToeuli titlosis (nawilis) qveS miTiTebulia saeklesio kanonebi (teqstis gareSe), xolo Semdeg warmodgenilia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli samoqalaqo kanonis sruli teqsti. krebuls bolos erTvis Collectio 87 capitulorum–idan 22 Tavi, romelic avtors titlosebSi ver gaunawilebia.

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50-titlovanma nomokanonma dasabami misca ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis prototips _ 14 titlovani krebulis Camoyalibebas. igi imeorebs Tavisi ZiriTadi wyaros masalas da damatebiT Seaqvs: 419 w. karTagenis krebis kanonebi, basili didis kidev 23 kanoni da sxva saeklesio mamaTa kanonikuri epistoleebi (dionise alesandrielis, petre aleqsandrielis, grigol neokesarielis, grigol noselis, timoTe, Teofile da kirile aleqsandrielebis, genadi konstantinopolelis, martvili aleqsandrielis). am krebulis Semdgenlis damsaxurebad iTvleba dasaxelebuli masalisaTvis analitikuri saZieblebis sistemis Camoyalibeba, rac ucvlelad gadavida ZiriTad kanonikurs kodeqsSic.

am krebulis Sinaarsoblivi Sevsebis gziT sabolood 883 w. Camoyalibda 14 _ titlovani nomokanoni; damatebiT masSi Sevida; VI (trulis) da nikiis VII msoflio krebaTa kanonebi, konstantinopolis 861 w. da konstantinopolis 879 w, adgilobrivi krebaTa kanonebi. agreTve aTanasi aleqsandrielis, grigols nazianzelis da amfiloqe ikonielis kanonikuri epistoleebi. amasTanave am krebulis Semdgenels mouxdenia aRniSnuli masalis ganawileba sistematuri nawilis titlosebSi (TavebSi). masve gadausinjavs titlosebSi warmodgenili samoqalaqo kanonmdebloba: moZvelebuli da Zaladakarguli amouRia, xolo maT nacvlad axali Seutania.

swored 14 _ titlovani nolokanonis 883 wlis redaqcia, romelsac zogjer foto patriarqis nomokanonsac uwodeben da romelis 920 wlidan qristianuli eklesiis ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsi gaxda, aris arsen iyalToelis mier XI s. miwuruls, an XII s. pirvel wlebSi qarTulad Targmnili `didi sjulis kanonis~ berZnuli dedani.

aris Tua ara bizantiuri saeklesio samarTlis zemoT warmodgenili umTavresi Zeglebidan romelime maTganis qarTulad Targmnis Sesaxeb miniSneba an kvali X s. CaTvliT arsebul wyaroebSi? (TviT am Zeglebis qarTuli TargmanTa teqstebis arsebobaze Cvenamde moRweuli qarTul xelnawerebSi laparakic zedmetia).

uZvelesi cnoba, romelic TiTqos CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxs exeba, aris VII s. somxuri wyaro _ èpistoleTa wigni~, konkretulad ki kirion qarTlis episkoposis epistole abraam somexTa kaTalikosisadmi, romelSic naTqvamia, rom sakamaTo sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad man aTargmnina da ugzavnis òTxTa krebaTa wignebs~. iv.javaxiSvilma am krebebSi igulisxma pirveli oTxi msoflio krebis kanonebi da daaskvna, rom `VI-VII ss. saqarTvelos eklesias msoflio krebebis Zeglis weraTa wigni hqonia~ (Sromebi, VI, Tb. 1982, gv. 44) da qarTuli kanonikuri mwerlobis dasawyisad dasaxelebuli dro miaCnia (adgilobrivi krebaTa savaraudo `ZegliswerebTan erTad) k.kekeliZem òTxTa krebaTa wignebSi~ sarwmunoebis simbolo anu `mrwamsi~ igulisxma, romelic, marTlac, nikiis I, konstantinopolis II, efesos III da qalkedoniis IV msoflio krebebze

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Camoyalibda. es varaudi `epistoleTa wignis srul xelnawerSi warmodgenilma am krebaTa `mrwamsis~ teqstma daadastura (ix. epistoleTa wigni, gamosca z.aleqsiZem, Tb. 1968, 100-111), xolo iv.javaxiSvili da k.kekeliZe dasaxelebuli epistolis mxolod naklul nusxas icnobdnen).

v.beneSeviCi, romelsac ekuTvnis `didi sjulis kanonis~ Semcveli saeklesio muzeumis (A) qarTuli xelnawerTa aRwerilobis pirveli cda (Христ. Восток, 1914-1917, т. II da V) fiqrobda, rom es Zegli qarTulad X s-mde iTargmneboda, magram igi ar icnobda gelaTur (quT. 25, XII s) nusxas, romlis anderZSi Zeglis mTargmnelad arsen iyalToeli (XI-XII ss.) aris dasaxelebuli. (amasTanave k.kekeliZem daarRvia misi sami ZiriTadi argumenti Zeglis X s-mde TargmnasTan dakavSirebiT _ Zv. qarTuli literaturis istoria I, Tb. 1980, gv. 562).

iv.javaxiSvilma ki es mSvenivrad icoda da amitom beneSeviCis sawinaaRmdegod Cvenamde moRweul `didi sjulis kanonis~ arseniseul Targmans ver miiCnevda X s. adre naTargmn Zeglad, magram man dauSva SesaZlebloba, rom arseniseul Targmanamde unda arsebuliyo am Zeglis IX s. adrindeli Targmani, romelic mis arsebobaze miniSnebulia grigol xanZTelis `cxovrebis~ im adgilas, romelic javaxeTis saeklesio krebas exeba da romelic daax. IX s. Sua wlebSi unda Semdgariyo (sityvebi: `iciT yovelTa kanoni SjulisaÁ, rameTu ara brZanebs episkoposisa da kaTalikozisa mZlavrebiT dajdomasa~ _ Zeglebi, I, gv. 288, 13-15; anda `wmidaTa mociqulTa da RirsTa maT mRdelTmoZRuarTa gansazRvrebulsa kanonsa Sina arave brZanebul ars eriskacsaÁ, viTarmca…~ _ Zeglebi I 289, 1-9) jer erTi, am dros (IX s. Sua wlebi) `didisjulis kanonis~ dedani _ 14 titl. nomokanoni 883 w. redaqciiT berZnuladac ar arsebobda. e.i. qarTulad unda arsebuliyo VII s-is nomokanonis~ Targmani, meorec, motanili zogadi sityvebis Tqma SeeZloT am Zeglis qarT. Targmanis arsebobis gareSec. aseve myifea v.beneSeviCisa da iv. javaxiSvilis sxva argumentebic da ver amtkiceben X s. bolomde romelime bizantiuri saeklesio samarTlis Zeglis qarTuli Targmanis arsebobas. pirveli kanonikuri samarTlis krebuli qarTulad Seadgina efTvime mTawmidelma X s. bolos mis mier berZnuli enidan naTargmni da gadmokeTebuli Txzulebebis safuZvelze da mas `mciresjulis kanoni~ uwoda.

amrigad, qarTuli kanonikuri mwerlobis istoria unda daviwyoT, samwuxarod gvian, X s. miwuruliT da mas safuZveli Cauyara efTvime mTawmidelma Tavisi `mcire sjuliskanoniT~, radgan adrindeli naTargmn da originalur Zeglebs Cvenamde ar mouRweviaT (Tu isini saerTod arsebobdnen; am SemTxvevaSi eklesia xelmZRvanelobda albaT bibliur wignebSi warmodgenil calkeuli debulebebiT kanonikur sakiTxebze, bizantiuri saeklesio kanonmdeblobis calkeuli debulebebis zepiri gadmocemebiT da adgilobriv dauwereli CveulebiTi adaT-wesebze damyarebuli kanonmdeblobiT, romelic saeklesio kanonis Zala hqonda)

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_ `guaqus mocemuli Cuenda uwereli rveulebaÁ, romeli ZaliTa swor ars sjulisa~ _ basili didi, epistoli diodores mimarT didi sjuliskanoni 498).

`mcire sjuliskanoni~. kanonikur krebuls, romelic Seudgenia efTvime mTawmidels X s. bolos berZnulidan mis mierve Targmnili da gadmokeTebuli xuTi, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli Sinaarsis kanonikuri Txzulebis safuZvelze (msgavsi Sedgenilobis krebuli arc erT sxva enaze. da upirveles yovlisa berZnulad ar arsebobs) qarTul samecniero literaturaSi cnobilia `mcire sjuliskanonis~ saxelwodebiT. sinamdvileSi es saxelwodeba, romelic mTel krebuls mieca, warmoadgens krebulSi Setanili TxzulebaTagan pirvelis saTauris mcire modifikacias, rogorc es Cans TviT efTvimes sityvebidan: `Rirs viqmen me, glaxaki efTÂme, Targmanebad berZnulisagan mciresa amas rCuliskanonsa, wmidisa mis meequsisa krebisa mier aRwerilsa…~ (k.kekeliZe, … istoria I. 1980, gv. 211) krebulis Sedgeniloba aseTia (mcire sjuliskanonis el. giunaSvilis gamocemis mixedviT, Tb. 1977 w.).

1. `wesi da gangebaÁ da rCuliskanoni meequsisa krebsaÁ as sameocdarvaTa wmidaTa mamaTaÁ, romelni Sekrbes kostantinopoles, axalsa hromsa, kostantine RmrTismsaxurisa mefisa Ze, Zmiswulisa Zisa herakle mefisa~ gv. 15-85.

2. `kanonni SecodebulTani, aRwerilni netarisa mamisa Cuenisa ioanes mier, kostantinopovlel mTavarepiskoposisa, romelsa mmarxvel ewodeboda~ gv. 86-99.

3. `kanonni SecodebulTani, ganwesebulni netarisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane mmarxvelisa mier, kostantinepolel patriarqisaÁ~ gv. 100-117.

4. `kanonni dRiTi-dReTa cTomaTani, viTarca wmidaman Cuenman basili ganawesna~, gv. 118-123.

5. `ZeglisweraÁ sarwmunoebisaÁ, romeli aRweres wmidaTa mamaTa kostantinepoles SekrebulTa wmidaTa xatTa TayuaniscemisaTÂs, romel-ese warikiTxvis sofiawmidas pirvelsa kÂriakesa wmidaTa marxvaTasa~, gv. 124-133.

TiToeuli aq warmodgenili Txzuleba, damoukidebuli Zeglia, romelTac bizantiur mwerlobaSi TavTavianTi dednebi Seesabameba, magram TiToeulis qarTuli Targmani zogi Zirfesvianad gansxvavdeba dednisagan zogi ki metnaklebad. es mTargmnelis mier Setanili cvlilebebia, rac naTeli gaxdeba TiToeuli Targmanis zogadi ganxilvis Sedegedac.

meeqvse msoflio saeklesio kreba, romlis `wesi da gangebaÁ da rCuliskanoni~ (e.i. kanonebi) warmodgenilia `mcire rjuliskanonSi pirvel statiad, mowveuli iyo konstantinopolSi 681 wels konstantine pogonatis (668-685) imperatorobis dros monoTelituri mwvaleblobis dasagmobad, magram saeklesio kanonebi ar gamoutania (iseve, rogorc wina, 553 wlis V msoflio konstantinopolis krebas). amitom 691 w. iustiniane II-is iniciativiT moiwvies q. konstantinopolSi,

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trulis (gumbaTian) sasaxleSi saeklesio kreba, romelsac eswreboda msoflios marTlmadidebluri eklesiis 170 episkoposi, VI msoflio krebis saxeliT daamtkica 102 saeklesio kanoni da amitom aris es kreba, romelic ufro xSirad samecniero literaturaSi trulis krebis saxeliT moixsnieba, da misi kanonebi arc Tu iSviaTad VI msoflio krebis mier miRebul saeklesio kanonebad wodebuli.

amrigad, efTvime mTawmidelma, rogorc TviTon aRniSnavs (~Rirs-viqmen me, glaxaki ese da narCevi yovelTa moweseTaÁ efTÂme Targmanebad berZnulisagan qarTulad mciresa amas rCuliskanonsa…~), Targmna qarTulad VI msoflio krebis e.i. `kanonni kosntantinopolis gumbadsa Sina sameufoÁsa palatisasa SekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTani iustinianes Ze keTilad msaxurisa da qristes moyvarisa mefisa Cuenisa~ (didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 365). efTvimes Targmnili teqsti rom SeudaroT am kanonTa berZnuli dednis teqsts, anda am teqstis zust qarTul Targmans, romelic XI s. miwuruls Seasrula arsen iyalToelma, saocar suraTs vnaxavT _ Zneli dasajerebelia msoflio saeklesio krebis mier dadgenili, bizantiis imperatorisa da 170 episkoposis (Tu misi warmomadgenlis) xelmowerili da damtkicebuli kanonTa teqstisa da maTi Tanmimdevrobis ase Secvla, Tanac am kanonebis VI msoflio krebis kanonebad saxeldeba:

1. berZnul dedanSi (da arsenis TargmanSi) VI msoflio krebis kanonebs (ufro zustad `trulisas~) zemoT motanili saTauris Semdeg warmodgenilia krebis mesveurTa vrceli epistole iustiniane imperatorisadmi, romelSic sxva mraval sakiTxTan erTad saubaria am krebis mowvevis gadaudebel mizezebze da krebis mowvevis organizaciaSi imperatoris damsaxurebaze. efTvimes TargmanSi es teqsti ar aris da mis adgilas warmodgenilia VI msoflio krebis (681 w.) aqtebidan amonawerebi: wina msoflio krebaTa dogmatur da disciplinarul sakiTxebze miRebuli kanonmdeblobis mimoxilva da maT mier dagmobil mwvleblobaTa da maT ideologTa ganqiqebis Sesaxeb, agreTve VI msoflio krebis mowvevis Sesaxeb monoTelitTa mwvaleblobis dasagmobad.

2. am Sesavlis Semdeg calke saTauriT aris gamoyofili `Tavni rCuliskanonisani~, romlis pirveli Tavi albaT romelime gadamweris mier SecdomiT aris danomrili, radgan igi warmoadgens mokle Sesavals (sul 6 striqons) uSualod kanonebis teqstis win: SesavalSi aRniSnul mwvaleblobaTa da gandgomilebaTa Sedegad saeklesio kanonebic `daiÃsnes da ugulebel-iqmneso da amitom `ganvaaxlebT da ganvamtkicebT wesTa da kanonTa, romelni daexsnes wmidaTa mociqulTa da saRmrToTa maT didebulTa krebaTa…~ (gv. 23). amis Semdeg warmodgenilia meore Tavis teqsti, romelsac Seesatyviseba berZnul dedanSi pirveli kanoni:

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`wesi keTil ars yovladve, romeli iwyebdes sityuasa gina saqmesa, raÁTa RmrTisagan iwyos da RmrTisa aRasrulos, viTarca RmrTismetyueli grigol ityÂs, viTarmed `dasabam da dasasrul yovlisa saqmisa da sityÂsa Senisa RmerTi iyavn.

`wesi rCeuli yovlisave sityuad da saqmed damwyebelisaÁ RmrTisagan dawyebaÁ RmrTisa Tana gansuenebaÁ ars Ãmisaebr RmrTismetyuelisa.

amis Semdeg efTvime `amdidrebs~ dedanSi warmodgenil mxolod msoflio krebaTa mier Sesrulebul saqmianobaSi adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebisa da saeklesio mamaTa naSromebidan saeklesio kanonikur kodeqsSi Setanili kanonebis aRniSvniT, rac berZnul dedanSi meore kanonSia warmodgenili da a.S. mxolod es Sedarebac sakmarisia, rom warmovadginoT Tu rogor eqceva efTvime Tavis wyaros. mas gamoutovebia dednis 16-e, 26-e, 29-e, 34-e, 38-e, 39-e, 45-e, 48-e, 52, 63-e, 64, 71-e, 80-e, 97-99-e da 100-101-e kanonebi, xolo daumatebia Tavis TargmanSi basili didisa da sxva mamebis kanonmdeblobidan masala, agreTve sxva wyaroebidan amokrefili masalebidan Camoyalibebuli kanonebi, zogic mas TviTon dauweria (mc. sjuliskanoni, gv. 5) trulis krebis mier dadgenili kanonebi, romlebic efTÂimes Tavis TargmanSi Seutania, gadakeTebulia redaqciuladac da frazeologiurad, Sig CarTulia axali masala da a.S.

efTvimes mier Cadenili ̀ mkrexelobis~ mizani gasagebia: man VI krebis (trulis) krebis kanonmdeblobis bazaze Seadgina saeklesio kanonTa saxeldaxelo kodeqsi, raTa nawilobriv mainc amoevso is sicariele, romelic iyo saqarTvelos eklesiaSi saeklesio samarTlis mxriv.

`mcire sjuliskanonis~ momdevno sami statiis qarTuli Targmanebi erTi saerTo Tematikis irgvliv dadgenil kanonmdeblobas warmogvidgens, Tumca TiToeul maTgans aqvs damoukidebeli saTauri am Tematikis dasaxelebiT da maT avtor-Semdgenlebze miTiTebiT. pirveli oris saTauri TiTqmis identuria _ orives `kanoni SecodebulTani~ ewodebaT da avtoric erTidaigivea konstantinopolis VI s. patriarqi iovane, `mmarxvelad~ wodebuli (582-595), Tumca Sinaarsoblivad teqstebi gansxvavebulia da Tu aq ori damoukidebeli Txzuleba ara gvaqvs, meore pirvelis gagrZelebas hgavs. mesame statia, romelsac `kanonni dRiTi-dReTa cTomaTani~ ewodeba, avtorad basilis asaxelebs `viTarca wmidaman mamaman Cuenman basili ganawesna” da titulaturis mixedviT basili dids unda gulisxmobdes. samive statiis saTauri fsevdoepigrafikulia, radgan arc pirveli ori statiaa VI s. avtoris dawerili da arc mesame _ IV s-Si (sxvaTa Soris e.w. basilis avtorobiT warmodgenili teqsti uTiTebs wina statiebze: `da sxuaTa maT didTa codvaTa: kacisklvaTa da mruSebisa da mamaTmavlobisa da pirutyuebisaÁ da mwamlvelobisaÁ da sxuaTa eseviTarTa kanonni zemo werilni

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arian~ (mc. sjuliskanoni, gv. 49). Tu es sityvebi efTvimes CarTuli ar aris, am statiaTa berZnuli dednebic erT krebulSi Tanaarsebobas gulisxmobs. qarTuli Targmanis teqstSi, romelic sagrZnoblad gansxvavdeba cnobili berZnuli teqstisagan, rac efTvimes mTargmnelobiT praqtikaSi Cveulebrivi movlena iyo, efTvime SeniSnavs, rom `ese iovane mmarxveli… meequsisaca krebisa (romels gulisxmobs: 681 w. Tu 691 w. krebas? _e.g.) Semdgomad iyo mravliTa JamiTa… romelman-igi… friad subuqad ganawesna kanonni SecodebulTani ufroÁs sxuaTa mamaTa~ (mc. sjuliskanoni, gv. 86 _ msgavsi SeniSvna berZnul teqstebs ar axlavs) rogorc cnobilia, fsevdoavtorTa dasaxeleba berZnul teqstebsac axasiaTebT, Tumca es mxolod efTvimes gamWriaxma Tvalma SeamCnia, magram ar Secvala tradicia. Tumca man, rogorc Cans, viRac sxva, gviandeli ioane mmarxvelis arseboba mainc dauSva, Tumca is, rom igi konstantinopolis patriarqadacaa moxseniebuli, Tavis komentarSi ar axsena, radgan aseTi patriarqi VIII-X ss. ar arsebula. basili didis avtoroba mxolod ase SeiZleba gavamarTloT: ucnobi redaqtori krebs ZiriTadad debulebebs basili didis epistolaruli kanonmdeblobidan iRebs (`didi sjuliskanoni~, gv. 472-503) da umatebs mas sxva iseTi `cdomilebaTa~ Sesaxeb sasjelebs, rac basilis ara aqvs Tavis kanonmdeblobaSi. amitom daasaxela IX-X ss. ucnobma Semkrebel-redaqtorma am kanonmdeblobis avtorad basili didi.

samive statiis kanonmdebloba met-naklebi sisruliT exeba ZiriTadad saeklesio sasjelis Semsubuqebas iseTi Secodeba-cTomilebaTaTvis rogoricaa: nebsiTi da uneblie kaciskvla, ukanono seqsualuri kavSirebi (siZva, mruSoba, uasakoTa ganxrwna), seqsualuri paTologia (ÃeliT dacemaÁ, mamaTmavlobaÁ, pirutyvebaÁ anu pirutyvTa Tana dacemaÁ da sxv. msgavs). ukanono qorwinebebi (naTesavebs Soris, mwvaleblebTan da sxv.) da a.S.

cnobili faqtia, rom kerZo piris kanonmdebloba marTlmadideblur eklesiis samarTalSi ar SeiZleba arsebobdes, Tuki is msoflio saeklesio krebis mier ar aris damtkicebuli (aseTia saeklesio mamaTa kanonmdebloba), xolo saeklesio samarTlis kodeqsidan, rogorc Tematikur masalas gamokrebdnen da praqtikuli gamoyenebisaTvis krebulebs adgendnen. amitom aris, rom `SecodebulTa kanonis~ Semdgeni jer erTi avtoritetis saxels amoefara, meorec mas avtorobis pretenzia ara aqvs: `xolo ese kanonni ara Cem mier ganwesebul arian, aramed… wmidaTa mociqulTa mier da wmidaTa krebaTa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa basilis mier~, anda: `aw ukue ese zemoxsenebulni romelnime aRwerilni rCuliskanonsa Sina da romelnime uwerelni codvani da Tu viTar ganwesebul ars pirvelTa mamaTagan TiToeulisa codvisa kanoni, esera aRmiweries me glaxaksa amas da uRirssa” (gv. 98-99).

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am sami statiis saerTo Tematika afiqrebinebs k.kekeliZesa (istoria, gv. 211) da h.g. beks (Kirche und theologische Literatur im Byzantinischen Reich, München, 1959, 424), rom es erTi Txzulebaa, gayofili sam nawilad.

`mcire sjuliskanonis~ bolo nawili `ZeglisweraÁ sarwmunoebisaÁ~ aris 843 w. konstantinopolis adgilobrivi krebis mier xatTmbrZolobis winaaRmdeg gamotanili kanonebis berZnulidan efTvimes mier Sesrulebuli misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavisufali Targmani (rac naTelia misi meore, arsen iyalToelis mier dednis midevnebiT Sesrulebul TargmanTan SedarebiT, romelic Setanilia SiomRvimis tipikonSi _ H-349, XIII s.), amasTanave masSi CarTulia xatmebrZoleobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli vrceli traqtati, rac ar aris berZnul dedanSi da, amdenad, arsenis TargmanSic. eqvTimes TargmanSi damatebulia krebis mowvevis istoriis amsaxveli Sesavalic, rac ar aris berZnul dedanSi. berZnuli, qarTulis msgavsi Sedgenilobis krebulebi, gansxvavebiT qarTulisagan, ̀ Zeglisweras~ ar Seicaven. efTvimes mier misi ̀ mcire rjuliskanonSi~ Setana saqarTvelos eklesiaSi xatmebrZoleobis mwvaleblobis sakiTxis aqtualobiT unda iyos nakarnaxevi (gavixsenoT ruis-urbnisis krebis `ZeglisweraSi~ mogvianebiT (1105 w.) dafiqsirebuli kanoni xatmebrZoleobis winaaRmdeg).

`mcire sjuliskanonis~ teqstis gamocema ganxorcielda orjer:1) n.zaozerskisa da a. xaxanaSvilis mier: Номоканон Иоана Постаника…, М. 1902.

(gamocemulia `kanoni SecodebulTani da `kanonni dRiTi-dReTa cTomaTani~)2) el.giunaSvilis mier (sruli krebuli, xuTive nawili), Tbilisi, 1972 w.`didi sjuliskanoni~. marTlmadidebluri qristianuli eklesiis samarTlis

ZiriTadi kodeqsi _ 14-titlovani (anu nawiliani) berZnuli nomokanonis 883 wels sabolood Camoyalibebuli redaqcia XI s. bolos (an XII s. pirvel wlebSi) qarTulad pirvelad Targmna arsen iyalToelma (`pirvelad~ vambobT imitom, rom zogierTi mecnieri _ (v.beneSeviCi da iv.javaxiSvili) _ fiqrobda, rom am Zeglis pirveli Targmani X s. adre Sesrulda, rac ar gamarTlda). mTargmnelis vinaoba Semounaxavs qarTuli Targmanis erT xelnawers _ quT.25, XII-XIII ss. (`…qristianeTa winamZRuari didi ese da samoqalaqoÁ sjuliskanoni saukunod moÃsenebulisa da Cuen qarTvelTaTÂs friad WirTa Tavsmdebelisa arseni iyalToelisa Targmnuli. saukunoÁ yos RmerTman ÃsenebaÁ misi! _ didi sjuliskanoni, gv.431-540, sqolio). Zeglis Targmani Sesrulebulia 1105 wlamde, radgan am wels mowveuli ruis-urbnisis `Zegliswera~ aSkarad sargeblobs `didi sjuliskanonis~ qarTuli Targmanis teqstiT (amis Sesaxeb qvemoT).

saubari berZnuli dednis Camoyalibebis istoriis Sesaxeb Zalian mokled Cven zemoT gvqonda da aq aRar gavimeorebT (igi yalibdeboda IV-IX ss. ganmavlobaSi) da misi qarTuli Targmanis daxasiaTebaze gadavalT.

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`didi sjuliskanonis~ teqsti, romelic aTamde XI-XIV ss. xelnawerebs SemounaxavT, sami ZiriTadi nawilisagan Sedgeba: 1) Sesavali nawili, 2) sistematuri nawili da 3) ZiriTadi, kanonTa teqstis nawili. TiToeul nawils arc Tu martivi Sedgeniloba aqvs, amitom warmovadgenT maT.

Sesavali nawilis pirvel statiaSi _ `SekrebaÁ kanonTa saeklesioTaÁ ganyofili aToTxmet nawilad~ _ TiTqos am krebulis Sedgenisa da Sinaarsis Sesaxeb unda iyos saubari, magram moulodnelad `aToTxmeti~ mTargmnelis (an gadamweris?) Secdoma aRmoCnda: berZnuli aq n ́titλο” (`50 nawils~) uCvenebs, rac mTargmnelma ver gaigo, ver amoicno masSi iovane sqolastikosis 50-titlovani kanonikuri krebulis Sesavali da Secdomad miiCnia da radgan igi 14-titlovan nomokanons Targmnida, `50~ `aToTxmetad~ gadaakeTa da dednis `Secdoma~ gaaswora. sinamdvileSi berZnul dedanSi yvelaferi sworadaa: 14_titlovani krebulis Semdgenelma isargebla ioane sqolastikosis mier Sedgenili 50-titlovani krebulis ara marto SedgenilobiT, aramed garkveuli doziT am masalis sistematizaciis principiTac, amitom man saWirod CaTvala Tavisi naSromisaTvis daerTo winamorbedi kanonikuri krebulis winasityvaobac, rogorc es yvela berZnul xelnawerSia. aq warmodgenilia 50-titlovani krebulis Sedgenis principi da Sedgeniloba.

Sesavali nawilis meore statia `Sesavali zandukisa TavTaÁsaÁ~ ki uSualod 14-titlovan nomokanonis uZvelesi redaqciis (VII s.) da mis safuZvlze 14-titlovani nomokanonis 883 w. redaqciis formirebaze mogviTxrobs e.i. es `Sesavali~ ori nawilisagan Sedgeba, rac samecniero literaturaSi mxolod 1829 wels SeamCnies (rozenkamfma _ didi rjuliskanoni, gv. 41).

qarTuli xelnawerebidan mxolod uZvelesi (A 124, XI s.) singuriT yofs or winasityvaobas, romelTa daweris dros ori saukune mainc aSorebs erTmaneTs. TiToeuli maTgani Tavisi krebulis Sedgenis istorias, principebsa da Sedgenilobas gvamcnobs.

Sesavali nawilis mesame statia ̀ Tu romelTa krebaTagan da pirTa anu raodenni kanonni Sekrebul arian awindelsa amas Sina wignsa~ ara `nomokanonis” saboloo redaqciis Sedgenilobas CamoTvlis, rogorc es saTauris mixedviT SeiZleba gvegonos, aramed misi winamorbedi VII s. 14-titlovani krebulis Sinaarss da misi adgili zemoT motanili ori krebulis gaerTianebuli winasityvaobis pirveli nawilis Semdeg unda yofiliyo da misi gadatana 883 w. redaqciis krebulis winasityvaobis Semdeg, romeliRac berZnuli xelnaweris gadamweris TviTneboba da saqmeSi gauTviTcnobiereblobis Sedegi unda iyos, rac gadmovida qarTul TargmanSic. sxvaTa Soris mxolod am masalis mixedviT SeiZleba 14_titlovani nomokanonis Tavdapirveli, VII s. Sedgenilobis aRdgena, radganac mis berZnul xelnawerebs dRes veRar vxvdebiT.

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sistematuri nawili ori ganyofilebiT aris warmodgenili: pirvel ganyofilebaSi gaerTianebulia 14 nawili (anu titlosi) da TiToeuli nawili, romelsac sakuTari saTauri aqvs, warmogvidgens saeklesio sakiTxTa garkveul wres, ase vTqvaT mTavar Temas, xolo am nawilTa met-naklebi raodenobis TavebSi dasaxelebulia calkeuli dakonkretebuli sakiTxebi (mag. nawili d (4): kaTakumevelTaTÂs da naTlisRebisa: Tavi a (1): viTarmed ara jer-ars Semdgomad orTa SÂdeulTa marxvaTaÁsa SewynareaÁ naTlisRebad. Tavi b (2) mfucavTaTÂs, Tavi g (3) Tu viTar jer ars naTliscemaÁ da a.S. sul i˜z / 17 Tavi (am nawilebis gamo uwodeben `14-nawilian did sjuliskanons~ anda `14-titlovan nomokanons). sistematuri nawilis meore ganyofilebaSi Tavidan aris ganmeorebuli pirveli ganyofilebis monacemebi da Semdeg TiToeuli Tavis dasaxelebis qveS warmodgenilia im krebaTa da wm. mamaTa kanonTa dasaxeleba, romelic pasuxobs ama Tu im nawilis garkveul TavSi dasmul sakiTxs, xolo am kanonTa teqstebis moZebna daubrkoleblad SeiZleba `didi sjuliskanonis~ ZiriTad nawilSi (mag. aviRoT igive d(4) nawilis Tavi g(3) `Tu viTar jer-ars naTliscemaÁ: mociqulTa kanonni mT(49), n(50); meequsisa krebisa kanoni n˜T(59)~ da a.S. aqve warmodgenilia am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis sruli teqsti: `xolo meaTe ganwesebaÁ mervisa nawilisa pirvelisa wignisa kodikoÁsi brZanebs …” da a.S. erT xelnawerSi (H-1670, XII-XIV ss.) sistematuri nawilis I ganyofileba ara aris (marTlac zedmetia). sistemur nawilSi qarTuli Targmanis mimarTeba wyarosTan aRnusxulia `didi sjuliskanonis~ gamocemis narkvevSi, gv. 48-64.

`didi sjuliskanonis~ ZiriTadi, mesame nawili aerTianebs saeklesio kanonebis teqstebs im wyaroebis saxeldebiT, romelmac isisni daadgina. warmovadgenT maT Semoklebuli saTaurebiT im TanmimdevrobiT, rogorc es `did sjuliskanonSia a(1) kanonni wmidaTa mociqulTani (85 kanoni), 2. nikeis I msoflio kreba (325 w. 20 kanoni.). 3. ankviriis (314 w.) adgilobrivi kreba (25 kanoni.). 4. neokesariis (314-325 ww.) adgilobrivi kreba (15 kan), 5. Rangris (340 w.) adgilobrivi kreba (21 kanoni.). 6. antioqiis (341 w.) adgilobrivi kreba (25 kanoni.). 7. laodikiis (343 w.) adgilobrivi kreba (59 kanoni.). 8. konstantinopolis (381 w.) II msoflio kreba (7 kanoni.). 9. efesos (431 w.) III msoflio kreba (8 kanoni.). 10. qalkedonis (451 w.) IV msoflio kreba (30 kanoni.). 11. sardikiis (343 w.) adgilobrivi kreba (20 kanoni.). 12. karTagenis (419 w.) adgilobrivi kreba (138 kanoni.). 13. konstantinopolis (394 w.) adgilobrivi kreba (1 kanoni.). 14. konstantinopolis meeqvse (trulis) msoflio (691 w.) kreba (102 kanoni.). 15. nikeis (787 w.) VII msoflio kreba (22 kanoni.). 16. konstantinopolis I-II (861 w.) adgilobrivi kreba (17 kanoni.). 17. konstantinopolis (879 w.) adgilobrivi kreba (3 kanoni.). 18. dionise aleqsandrielis (+265 w; 4 kanoni.). 19. petre aleqsandrielis (+311; 15 kanoni.). 20. grigol neokesarielis (+270; 1 kanoni, epistole). 21. aTanase

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aleqsandrielis (+373; 2 kanoni, epistole). 22 basili didis (+379; 91 kanoni). 23. grigol noselis (+395; 8 kanoni.) 24. grigol nazianzelis (+389; 1 kanoni.). 25. amfiloqe ikonielis (+395; 1 kanoni.) 26. timoTe aleqsandrielis (+385; 15 kanoni. (kiTxva-migeba). 27. Teofile aleqsandrielis (+412; 14 kanoni.). 28. kirile aleqsandrielis (+444; 7 kanoni.) 29. genadi konstantinopolelis (+571; 1 kanoni, Epistole). 30. martviri episkoposisa antioqelisaÁ (1 kanoni, epistole). 31. aTanase aleqsandrielis (+379; 1 kanoni, epistole; ix. zemoT missive §21). (`didi sjuliskanonis” gamocemaSi am Zeglis ZiriTad kanonTa teqstebis nawilSi aRricxulia gansxvavebuli detalebi qarTul Targmansa da berZnul gamocemebsa Tu xelnawerebs Soris _ ix. gv. 64-72).

`didi sjuliskanonis~ arsen iyalToeliseuli Targmani mogvianebiT, daaxloebiT XIII s-Si gamxdara, ase vTqvaT, reviziisa da Sevsebis sagani, rasac am Zeglis ori XIII da XIII-XIV ss. qarTuli xelnawerebi gviCveneben. saqme isaa, rom arsenma berZnuli dednis sistematur nawilSi warmodgenili samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis teqsti sruli moculobiT ar Targmna, ufro sworad Targmna mcire nawili albaT imitom, rom bevri maTgani ukve moZvelebuli iyo da xmarebidan amoRebuli TviT imdroindel bizantiaSi, xolo saqarvelos eklesiisaTvis maT praqtikuli mniSvneloba arc eqneboda. amitom arsenma maTi mcire nawili mainc Targmna Txzulebis Camoyalibebis istoriis nimuSebis saCveneblad da samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis wignebze (novelebi, digestoni, kodeqsi da a.S.) konkretuli miTiTeba mxolod aqa-iq mogvca (dedanSi dawvrilebiT aris miTiTebuli TiToeuli maTganis wigni, misi nawili, ganwesebis nomeri da a.S.). swored arsenis mier ugulebelyofili es teqstebi zedmiwevniTi sisruliT gadmoiRo ucnobma qarTvelma ̀ pedantma~ mTargmnelma, rac moculobiT vrcel naSroms warmodgens (xelnaweri, quT 17, XIII s. didi sjuliskanonis gamocemaSi samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis is teqsti, rac gviandeli Targmania, petitiT aris awyobili). `didi sjuliskanonis~ teqstze muSaoba amiT ar damTavrebula: erTi XIII-XIV ss. xelnaweri (H-1670), romelsac es `Sevsebuli~ didi sjuliskanonis teqsti gadauweria, xelaxla Seudarebia berZnuli dednis romeliRac xelnawerTan, Seuvsia (petresa da pavles saxeliT cnobili, apokrifuli ori `ganwesebiT~) da usworebia qarTuli teqsti (gansakuTrebiT `didi sjuliskanonis~ Sesaval nawilSi). amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTul xelnawerebSi `didi sjuliskanonis” sami redaqcia gvaqvs daculi: 1. pirveli arsen iyalToelis Targmani (Zveli 8 xelnaweri) 2. quT. 17, XIII s. xelnawerSi warmodgenili da 3. H-1760, XIII-XIV ss. nasworebi.

`didi sjuliskanoni~ _ qristianuli eklesiis ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis es qarTuli Targmani umniSvnelovanesi Zeglia, romlis wyalobiTac efTvime mTawmidelis `mcire sjuliskanoniT~ safuZvelCayrili qarTuli kanonikuri

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mwerloba qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobis srulfasovani dargi gaxda. XII s. Semdeg arc erTi qarTuli kanonikuri Txzuleba ar Seqmnila, romelic mis debulebebs ar iTvaliswinebdes. am Zeglis qarTulad Targmna, Cveni azriT, saqarTvelos istoriaSi umniSvnelovanesi saeklesio krebis, 1105 wels mowveuli ruis-urbnisis krebis mowvevis TadarigTan unda yofiliyo dakavSirebuli da SesaZloa, daviT aRmaSeneblis brZanebiT arsen iyalToelma igi Targmna Sav mTaze moRvaweobis bolo periodSi kaliposis qarTvelTa monasterSi (ruis-urbnisis `Zeglisweris~ sinodikonSi arseni ase moixsenieba: `sjulierisa moRvawisa, arseni monazonisa, kaliposelisa~), Camoitana saqarTveloSi da ruis-urbnisis krebamac kanonmdeblobaSi am ZegliT ixelmZRvanela (dawvrilebiT amis Sesaxeb qvemoT).

`didi sjuliskanonis~ teqstis jerjerobiT erTaderTi gamocema xelnaweris institutis TanamSromlebma ganaxorcieles (`didi sjuliskanoni, gamosacemad moamzades e.gabiZaSvilma, e.giunaSvilma, m.dolaqiZem da g.ninuam, gamokvleva da redaqcia e.gabiZaSvilisa, Tbilisi, 1975 w. gamokvleva 3-99 (rus. reziumeTurT), teqsti 100-559 (ruis-urbnisis Zeglis weriT), leqsikoni _ g.ninuasi, gv. 560-583; iurid. terminebi _ m.dolaqiZisa, 584-609; saZieblebi _ e.giunaSvilisa 611-625.

bizantiuri mwerlobis kanonikuri Zeglebis Targmna, romelic jer-jerobiT xelmisawvdomi wyaroebis mowmobiT efTvime mTawmidelma daiwyo da berZnuli 14-titlovani nomokanonis arsen iyalToeliseuli TargmaniT _ `didi sjuliskanoniT~ dagvirgvinda, amiT ar amowurula. am ZiriTadi saeklesio kodeqsis sakanonmdeblo masalis pirdapiri gamoyenebiT, Tu misi gaTvaliswinebiT saeklesio praqtikuli saWiroebisaTvis da morwmuneTa kerZo moxmarebis mizniT bizantiur mwerlobaSi dgeboda patar-patara kanonikuri krebulebi sxvadasxva, konkretuli `profilis~ sakiTxebis irgvliv, rogorc nomokanonis saeklesio kanonmdeblobidan, aseve misi samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobidan saeklesio sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. zogi aseTi krebuli qarTuladac uTargmniaT. Targmnilia apokrifulad miCneuli ramdenime kanonikuri Zeglic, zogierTi krebis ramdenime kanonis vrceli komentari da a.S. Zalian mokled TiToeuli maTganis Sesaxeb.

`saxsniloni sulmcireni didTa rCuliskanonTagan gamocemulni~ _ saxelwodebidanac Cans, rom saeklesio marxvaTa Sesaxeb (maTi raodenoba da vadebi da sxva sakiTxebi) gamokrebilia `sjuliskanonidan~ _ krebuli (A-1096, 50-56), romelic albaT Targmnilia, magram masSi Setanilia qarTuli masalac: vrclad aris laparaki ̀ alajoris (somxuri eklesiis) marxvis akrZalvis Sesaxeb: `alajorisa kÂriake msgefsamdi xsnili ars yovelTa kacTa qristianeTagan da vinc imarxvides eriskaci ÃorciTa, moweseni wueliTa da kuercxiTa krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul iyvnen SÂdTa krebaTa madliTa~ (k.kekeliZe, … istoria I, 565).

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`dayenebulTa da ujeroTa qorwineba-mzaxlobisaTÂs da gangdebulTa~ _ miaxlovebiT XIII-XIV ss. unda iyos naTargmni, arc Semdgeneli da arc mTargmneli cnobili ar aris. misi pirveli nawili amoRebulia imperator basili makedonelis samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis wignidan `proxironis” meSvide nawilidan (titlosidan; qarTul TargmanSi pirvel nawils aweria: `tintlosi meSÂde~) da garkveulia sami saxe sisxliT naTesaobisa _ àRmarTi~ e.i. aRmavali, ̀ STamarTi~ e.i. daRmavali da ̀ mguerdilobiTi~ e.i. gverdiTi. saubaria naTlisRebiTi da SvilobilobiTi naTesaobis Sesaxeb da maT Soris qorwinebis SesaZlebloba-SeuZleblobis irgvliv. meore nawilis saTauria: `xarisxisaTÂs naTesaobisaTa mesamisagan wignisa institutonTasa~ e.i. iustiniane didis samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis Zeglis ìnstitucionis” mesame wigni, romelSic aRwerilia eqvsi xarisxi TiToeuli zemodasaxelebuli sisxliTi naTesaobis sami saxisa (A-85, 48-50. Camatatebulia XVI s. xeliT).

gacilebiT gvian 1785 w. ioane qsifilinos-papuwiSvilma berZnuli enidan qarTulad Targmna manuel qsanTinosis (XVI s.) mier sxvadasxva kanonikuri Zeglebidan gamokrebili msgavsi Txzuleba: `qorwinebisa TavTaTÂs~ (A-711).

Txzulebis pirveli nawili, Sedgenili maTe blastaris `sÂntagmis~ mixedviT, exeba naTesaobis xuT saxes (sisxlis, mZaxlobis, samnaTesaobis, naTlisRebis da Svilobilobis), xolo meore nawilSi warmodgenilia diagramebi _ Tu romel naTesaobaSi, romel xarisxamde SeiZleba qorwineba da romelic TviTon Seudgenia qsanTinoss.

kanonikuri mwerlobis XI s. Zeglad aris miCneuli XII s-Si naTargmni Txzuleba `kiTxvani monazonisa visnime, romelTa aÃsna gamosca petre patriaqman xartofilaqsman~. Zegli exeba saeklesio-sarwmunoebrivi cxovrebis iseT kanonikuri sakiTxebis ganxilvas, rac nomokanonSi ar Sesula1.

anton I 1776 w. somxuri enidan Targmna (Tu aTargmnina) efesos III msoflio krebis aqtebi (A-618)2. aRsaniSnavia, rom es pirveli SemTxveva qarTulad msoflio saeklesio krebis aqtebis sruliad Targmnisa (nawyvetebi VI msoflio krebis aqtebidan Targmna efTvime mTawmidelma da Seitana ̀ mcire sjuliskanonis~ SesavalSi da maqsime aRmsarebelis `cxovrebaSi~).

kanonikuri xasiaTi aqvs liturgikul Zegls àRsareba keTilTa saqmeTa winaaRmdgomad codvisaTa~ (A-711), romelic berZnulidan ioane qsifilonos-papuwiSvils uTargmnia 1785 w. Txzuleba Svidi nawilisagan Sedgeba da TiToeul maTganSi is codvebia CamoTvlili, romelic win aRudgeba: 1) sarwmunoebis keTil saqmes, 2) sasoebas, 3) siyvarulas da a.S. Txzuleba Seqmnilia monaniebis institutis gasaZliereblad.

1 В.Бенешевич, Ответы Петра Хартофилакса, конца XI в., Записи АН, т VIII, IV°-14, 1909.2 I.Rücker, Ephesinische Konzilsakten in armenisch-georgischer Überlieferung, München, 1930.

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`didi sjuliskanonis~ erTaderT XIII-XIV s. nusxas (H-1670) Semounaxavs ori kanonikuri, apokrifuli Txzulebis qarTuli Targmani: `ganwesebani … pavlesni saeklesioTa kanonTaTÂs” (17 kanoni) da ̀ ganwesebani wmidaTa mociqulTa petre da pavlesni~ (17 kanoni _ didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 226-230). es aris e.w. `mociqulTa dadgenilebebis~ rvawigneulis merve wigni, romelic VI krebis me-2 kanoniT akrZalul wignebad aris gamocxadebuli da bolos, `didi sjuliskanonis zog xelnawers Tavis damatebiT nawilSi Seutania daaxloebiT XIII-XIV ss.-Si naTargmni ramdenime saintereso kanonikuri Txzuleba:

1) `kanoni meequse karTagens SekrebilTa… mamaTa, raÁTa sacxebeli xucesTa mier ara iqmnebodis~ (A-76, 251-254, XVI s. xeliT).

2) kanoni meSÂde karTagens Sina … ZÂrTa Sina STavrdomilTa dagebisaTÂs (A-76, 255-260).

3) karTagenis Sinasa wm. krebisa kanoni ormeocdamesame `SemnanebelTaTÂs~ (A-76, 260-280).

4) kanoni sameocdamecxre wm. mociqulTaÁ orSabaT-paraskevTaTÂs (A-76, 280-299). aq warmodgenilia dasaxelebul kanonTa dawvrilebiTi komentarebi1.

ruis-urbnisis krebis `Zegliswera~. pirveli saeklesio kreba saqarTveloSi, romlis kanonmdeblobam aris srulad moaRwia Cvenamde `Zeglisweris~ saxiT, mowveuli iyo daviT aRmaSeneblis inciativiTa da brZanebiT (`romel moswrafebiT SemokrebaÁ ubrZane Sen~) 1105 w. ruisisa da urbnisis eparqiebis momijnave teritoriaze (`maxloblad saepiskoposTa _ ruisisa da urbnisisa~), amitom igi cnobilia ruis-urbnisis krebis saxeliT. am krebis mier dadgenili kanonebi daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelmwifoebrivi da saeklesio farTomaStabiani reformebis erTi nawilia, romelsac safuZveli unda daedo ara marto eklesiis srulyofili organizaciisaTvis, aramed eris eTikur-moraluri aRorZinebisaTvis, rac saxelmwifos politikuri Zlierebis sawindari iqneboda.

samecniero literaturaSi am krebis mowvevisa da, TavisTavad cxadia, misi `Zeglisweris~ Sedgenis TariRad wyaroebis arapirdapiri Cvenebis mixedviT 1103 weli damkvidrda, magram bolo xanebis gamokvleviT am TariRma ori wliT gvian, 1105 wels gadaiwia2.

ruis-urbnisis saeklesio kreba ar iyo rigiTi adgilobrivi kreba, is `sagangebo da gansakuTrebuli yriloba yofila~3, amitom etyoba mis organizebas mraval detalSi msgavseba msoflio krebaTa mowvevis organizebasTan4, rac Cans daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosis am krebis `Zeglisweris~ SefasebaSic:

1 gamocemulia: k.kekeliZe, etiudebi IX, 1963, gv. 31-122.2 e.gabiZaSvili, ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswera, Tbilisi, 1978, gv. 14-19.3 iv.javaxiSvili, Sromebi, VI, Tbilisi, 1982, gv. 54.4 e.gabiZaSvili, ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswera, Tbilisi, 1978, gv. 20-28.

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`Zegli Suenieri WeSmaritisa sarwmunoebisa aRweres mimdgomi da mowame wmidaTa aTormetTa krebaTa~1.

`Zeglisweris~ avtoris sakiTxis dasma uxerxulic ki aris, radgan nebismieri saeklesio krebis mier (msoflio iqneba is Tu adgilobrivi) SemuSavebuli kanonmdebloba koleqtiuri, krebaze damswre mamebis gansjis Sedegia da maT ar SeiZleba konkretuli avtori hyavdes (aravis uZebnia, magaliTad, nikeis I msoflio krebaze dadgenili 20 kanonis teqstis avtori), magram Cvens SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs arastandartuli viTareba: `Zegliswera~ aris kanonikuri Zegli, romelic aerTianebs oTx nawels: 1. sakmaod vrceli Sesavali warmoadgens erTgvar traqtats Teologiur-filosofiuri TvaliT danaxuli samyaros, adamianisa da qristianuli sarwmunoebis warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis mokle istoriis Sesaxeb. 2. kanonTa teqstebi. 3. qeba anu Sesxma calke gamoyofili saTauriT `mefesa daviTs monazoni arseni~ 4. sinodikoni anu mosaxseneblebi: `mravalJamieri~ cocxal, krebaze damswre samefo ojaxis wevrTa da sasuliero ierarqiis warmomadgenlebisa da `saukuno Ãseneba~ gardacvlilTa. rogorc vxedavT Sesavali nawili da `Sesxma~ individualuri Semoqmedebis nayofia, xolo kanonTa teqstebi da sinodikoni ki _ koleqtiuri sja-baasisa, magram maTi azrobriv-frazeologiuri formulireba Sesavlisa da `Sesxmis” avtorsave unda ekuTvnodes, xolo vin aris es piri, Cans `Sesxmis~ saTaurSi _ `monazoni arseni~. konkretulad romeli arseni igulisxmeba aq, dRemde sakamaTo gaxda _ arsen iyalToeli, arsen vaCesZe, arsen beri, arsen kaliposeli. Cveni azriT es aris sjulieri moRvawe `arsen monazoni, kalipoeseli”, rogorc es man Tavisi xeliT Cawera `Zeglisweris~ sinodikonSi, igive arsen iyalToeli, romelic sul cota xnis win iyo siriaSi, antioqiis maxloblad mdebare Savi mTis qarTvel monazonTa monastris, kaliposis wevri da romelmac Targmna `didi sjuliskanoni~ `Zeglisweris~ kanonebis debulebaTa ZiriTadi wyaro, SesaZlebelia kaliposis monasterSive2.

`Zeglisweris~ Semadgeneli nawilebi erTmaneTTan logikurad aris dakavSirebuli da erTidan meoreze gadasvla originaluri da ostaturia.

Txzulebis SesavalSi moTxrobili Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebis mokle Sinaarsi, qristianobis damkvidrebis istoria bizantiaSi da saqarTveloSi da mis mier SemuSavebuli saeklesio kanonmdeblobis ZiriTadi kodeqsis Sinaarsis sruli CamonaTvali, ruis-urbnisis krebis mowvevis mizezebisa da miznebis warmoCena emsaxureba `ZeglisweraSi~ warmodgenili kanonmdeblobis iuridiul safuZvlebis Cvenebas da imis naTelyofas, rom iuridiuli normebi

1 qarTlis cxovreba I Tbilisi, 1955, gv. 328.2 dawvrilebiT amis Sesaxeb ix. e.gabiZaSvili, ruis-urbnisis krebis `Zegliswera~, Tbilisi, 1978 w. gv. 29-72.

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aucilebelia sazogadoebis gasajansaReblad. Txzulebis SesavalSi dasmul sakiTxTagan Cven gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad gveCveneba 1. aq pirvelad aris wamoWrili daviT aRmaSeneblis `ganRmrTobis~ anu Teozisis idea: `keTilad ebaZva Sursa Cuenica ese gÂrgÂnosani mrCobil-marjuene da Seyuarebuli gÂrgÂni TavisaÁ da sasurveli Ze daviT~ (gv. 183), rac `SesxmaSi~ ufro naTladaa warmoCenili: `bunebiT RmerTi, madliT RmerTqmnulTa Soris~ (gv. 194,18). 2. nino ganmanaTlebelTan dakavSirebuli detalebi. 3. qarTvelTa sarwmunoebrivi siwmidis Tezisi (`…garna araTu ubiwoebasa qarTvelTa sarwmunoebisasa biwi raÁme Sehxeboda, nu iyofin ese! ara gecruvneT Sen, siwmidiT mSobelo Cueno kaTolike eklesiao, arca gangceT Sen, siqadulo Cueno marTlmadideblobao, romlisa arca ganmcemelqmnil varT…~). 4. saintereso msjelobis sagani gaxda samecniero literaturaSi (k.kekeliZe, iv.javaxiSvili) `Zeglisweris~ SesavalSi warmodgenili mociqulTa, krebaTa da wm. mamaTa kanonebis CamonaTvalis e.i. saeklesio samarTlis kodeqsis Sedgenilobis gansxvaveba `didi sjuliskanonis~ ZiriTad nawilTan _ kanonTa teqstebTan. es gansxvaveba ki, marTlac, TvalSi sacemia. saqme isaa, rom `Zegliswera~ am sias iRebs ara `didi sjuliskanonis~ ZiriTadi teqstidan, aramed misi Sesavali nawilidan, sadac mocemulia `Zeglisweris~ msgavsi sia, rac SeumCneveli darCaT mkvlevarT. 5. SesavalSi warmodgenili ramdenime krebis kanonTa raodenoba da Tematikac sinamdviles ar Seesabameba da Secdomebis mizezebi jer kidev saZiebelia.

`Zeglisweris~ ZiriTadi nawili uWiravs krebis mier dadgenil kanonmdeblobis teqstebs, romelic kanonebad ar aris dayofili arc erT xelnawerSi da amitom maTi gamoyofa da kanonTa ricxvis dadgena mkvlevarTa Soris uTanxmoebis sagania. am Zeglis pirvel, (d. baqraZis 1863 w.) da meore (T. Jordanias 1882 w.) gamocemebSi teqsti kanonebad dayofili ar aris. zogi 15 kanons gamoyofs, zogi 16-s da zogic 17-s. ukanasknel gamocemaSi teqstis Sinaarsoblivi danawilebis safuZvelze gamoyofilia 19 kanoni1. kanonTa Sinaarsi mravalferovania, magram originalobiT gamoirCeva pirveli kanoni, romelsac kanonis forma ara gvaqvs da faqtiurad saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Catarebuli mniSvnelovani sakadro cvlilebis Sesaxeb reziumes msgavsi mokle Txrobaa: 1. `da pirvelad episkoposni vinme ver RirsebiT Semosrulni pativsa mRdelTmTavrobisasa da uRirsni … ganvkueTeniT … da nacvalad maTda sxuani davadgineniT…~2. e.i. ar Cans daskvniTi, sasjelis nawili. danarCen kanonebSi mocemulia SesrulebisaTvis aucilebeli debulebebi da maTi darRvevisaTvis Sesabamisi sasjelis zomebi aseTi TanmimdevrobiT: 2. sasuliero ierarqiis yovel safexurze xeldasxmisaTvis saWiro asaki, 3. erTi pirisaTvis TiToeul Tanamdebobaze daniSvnebs Soris aucilebeli

1 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 549-556.2 e.gabiZaSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 94.

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Sualedi. 4. xeldasmis wesis aRsruleba mxolod giorgi mTawmidelis `didi kurTxevanis~ mixedviT. 5. xeldasxmisaTvis qrTamisa da `safasis” aRebis anu `simoniis~ dagmoba. 6. samRdelo WurWelTa xelSeuxebloba. 7. eklesiis sakurTxevlis gareT naTliscemis, qorwinebisa da monazonis sqemis kurTxevaTa akrZalva. 8. gvirgvinTa kurTxevis dResve aucileblad ziarebis saidumlos aRsruleba. 9. meore qorwinebis anu `meoreTa gÂrgÂnTa makurTxevel~ xucess ekrZaleba qorwilis sufraze (`samxrad~) misvla. 10. qalis saqorwino asakis (12 weli) gansazRvra, manmade ki, Tu igi mcireasakovania, dawindvis ritualis Sesruleba, Tu ki mSoblebs es surT. 11. xorebiskoposis kandidatis mRvdelTa an diakonTagan gamorCevis prerogativa kaTalikosisa da episkoposebis uflebamosilebaa. 12. monastrebSi moZRvarTa ricxvis gansazRvra. 13. `krebulTa dasxdomisa~ (e.i. sufris gaSlis) da savaWro fardulebis eklesia-monastrebis ezoebSi akrZalvebis Sesaxeb. 14. erTdroulad sulTa ramdenime Sesawiravis, `winadagebis~ akrZalva erT sakurTxevelSi ramdenime mRvdlis SesrulebiT. 15. somex monofizitTa (`xaCecarTaÁ~) marTmadideblurad monaTvlis ritualis aRsruleba (ra Tqma unda, visac survili hqonda), 16. qristianis sxva religiis wevrTan an mwvalebelTan qorwinebis akrZalva (Tu isini marTlmadidebelni ar gaxdebian), 17. warmomadgenlobiTi (`kides-kide~) qorwinebis (roca jvarisweraze saqmros an sapatarZlos magivrad misi warmomadgenelia) akrZalva. 18. sodomuri codvis, mamaTmavlobis dasjis ukiduresi zomis dadgena (`cocxliv jojoxeTad STamxdeli risxvaÁ~), 19. xatTmebrZoleobis wvalebis dagmoba.

`Sesxma. daviT mefes _ monazoni arseni”, romlis saTauric singuriT (wiTeli melniT) aris naweri yvela xelnawerSi, dasawyisSive xazs usvams, rom krebis mier dasxmuli kanonebi mefis samsjavrozea gamotanili: `amaTda momarT rasa ityÂ, rasa sibrZnis-hmoyvareb Sen?~ da epiTetebisa da atributebis niaRvris Semdeg, romlebiTac mefes miewereba sulieri da usulo bunebis saocrebaTa yvela Tviseba, yvela drois miTiur da realur gamoCenil pirovnebaTa yvela Rirseba, isev ekiTxeba mefes: `saTno-uCnan eseni myudroebasa Sensa? gansvenebul arsa amaT zeda siborotisa sulTaÁ mdevneli daviTiani suli Seni? romelni igi aw ZRunad mogarTuna Sen mwyobrman SenTa amaT nazirevelTa simravlisaman~. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `Sesxmas~ aq igive daniSnuleba aqvs, rac msoflio krebaze krebis mier bizantiis imperatorTaTvis (romlebic krebaTa mowvevis iniciatorebi iyvnen) epistolis mirTmevas, romelSic Sejamebuli iyo qristianobis ganvlili periodis umTavresi movlenebi (Seadare `Zeglisweris~ Sesavals) da romelsac erTvoda krebis mier gamotanil kanonTa teqstebi e.i. krebis `Zegliswera~ (mag. trulis krebis (691 w.) mier dasxmul 102 kanonis teqstebs win uZRvis: `miwerili wmidisa amis krebisaÁ keTilad msaxurisa mefisa iustinianes mimarT, romelsa Seudgines maT mier dasxmulni kanonni~ _ didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 365).

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`Zeglisweris~ IV nawili, sinodikoni anu mosaxseneblebi warmoadgens samefo ojaxis cocxal wevrTa da krebis saqmianobaSi monawile sasuliero elitis warmomadgenlebis `mravalJamiers~ da saqarTvelos eklesiis gamorCeul gardacvlil pirTa `saukuno Ãsenebas~. sinodikoni `Sesxmis~ uSualo gagrZelebaa da erTidan meoreze gadasvla originalurad aris gakeTebuli: mosaxseneblebi unda dawyebuliyo saqarTvelos mefis `mravalJamieriT~, magram aq erTi uxerxuloba Seiqmna: daviTi ki iyo saqarTvelos oficialuri mefe, magram cocxali iyo agreTve mamamisi _ giorgi II, gadamdgari, magram mainc formaluri mefe. aq `Sesxmis~ avtorma originaluri gadawyvetileba miiRo: man qeba daamTavra krebis monawileTa saxeliT daviTisadmi mimarTuli `RaRadisiT~: `daviT keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTivdacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa mravalca arian wlebi~, xolo sinodikoni daiwyo giorgi mefis moxseniebiT, Semdeg umcros-ufrosobiT axsena mariam bizantiis dedofali, daviTis mamida, da Semdeg, isev gaimeora daviTis mosaxsenebeli mTeli misi samefo titulaturiT.

sinodikonSi, rogorc cocxlebSi aseve gardacvlilTa Soris bevri cnobili saeklesio moRvawea moxseniebuli: krebis Tavmjdomare _ saqarTvelos patriarqi ioane (safareli), mwignobarTuxucesi giorgi monazoni (male _ Wyondidelic), arsen kaliposeli (igive iyalToeli); gardacvlilebSi ixseniebian: efTvime da giorgi mTawmidelebi, daviT tbeli da stefane sananoisZe, saba sulaisZe, anton tbeli, efrem mcire, efTvime grZeli), magram jer kidev sabolood ar aris dadgenili vinaoba Semdeg pirTa: cocxlebSi moxseniebuli `wmida beri da sulieri mama Cueni~ evstrati monazoni, romelic kaTalikosis Semdeg moixsenieba, xolo gardacvlilebSi _ ioane rexuesZe, miqael WuaÁ da giorgi beri.

`Zeglisweris~ sinodikoni krebis dadgenilebaTa damtkicebis funqcias unda asrulebdes (rasac asrulebda msoflio da, zogjer, adgilobriv saeklesio krebebze imperatorisa da episkoposebis xelmowerebi).

erTi sityviT, ruis-urbnisis krebis `Zegliswera~ qarTuli kanonikuri mwerlobis Zeglia, romelmac udidesi roli iTamaSa qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi da saeklesio Zlierebis saqmeSi da gavlena iqonia qarTuli kanonikuri mwerlobis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. amitom saWiroa mokled visaubroT mis wyaroebze da gansakuTrebiT mis mimarTebaze `did sjuliskanonTan~.

`didi sjuliskanonisa~ da `ruis-urbnisis krebis `Zeglisweris~ urTierTmimarTeba.

am ori Zeglis teqstologiuri mimarTebis sakiTxi specialuri kvlevis sagani ar yofila, dabrkoleba `didi sjuliskanonis~ teqstis bolo xanebamde gamoucemloba iyo. dRes es problema Seswavlilia da daskvnac aseTia: `Zegliswera~ iTvaliswinebs da teqstobrivadac eyrdnoba `didi sjuliskanonis~

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qarTuli Targmanis teqsts1. sanam am debulebisaTvis dasamtkiceblad faqtobriv masalas da sxva argumentebs movitandeT, vnaxoT, ra iyo cnobili am sakiTxebis irgvliv samecniero literaturaSi.

k. kekeliZem aRniSna, rom `Zegliswera Sedgenilia, rodesac qarTul enaze `didi Sjuliskanoni” kidev ar iyo Targmnili arsen iyalToelis mier. amiT aixsneba, rom Sedgeniloba Sjuliskanonisa, ZeglisweraSi aRnusxuli, sxvaa vidre arsen iyalToelis TargmanSi~2. k. kekeliZis ZiriTadi argumentis Sesaxeb msjeloba Cven `Zeglisweris~ Sesaval nawilTan dakavSirebiT gvqonda da vaCveneT am gansxvavebis mizezi: `Zegliswera” ar gulisxmobs arsenis Targmanisagan gansxvavebuli `didi sjuliskanonis~ qarTul Targmanis arsebobas. (arada v. beneSeviCisadmi miweril kerZo werilSi k. kekeliZe `Zeglisweris~ wyarod `did sjuliskanons~ asaxelebs, Tumca es debuleba mas arc erT Tavis SromaSi ar Seutania).

am ori Zeglis mWidro kavSiri xelnawerebSic igrZnoba: `didi sjuliskanonis~ yvela xelnaweri (erTis garda) damatebis saxiT Seicavs `Zeglisweras~ e.i. es xelnawerebi arc erTi ar aris 1105 w.-ze adrindeli, magram erT xelnawerSi (A-124) ̀ didi sjuliskanonis~ teqsts ar erTvis ̀ Zegliswera~, vfiqrobT, im mizeziT, rom am xelnaweris gadaweris dros `Zegliswera~ jer kidev ar arsebobda e.i. igi 1105 welze adrindelia (daaxloebiT XI s. miwuruls). es ki mianiSnebs, rom `didi sjuliskanoni~ XI s. bolos SeiZleba iyos Targmnili da, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, SeiZleba misi Targmani arsenma Seasrula ruis-urbnisis krebis mowvevis TadarigTan dakavSirebiT, rom krebis mier gamotanili debulebebi `didi sjuliskanonis~ kanonmdeblobas dafuZneboda. xolo `Zeglisweris~ darTva `didi sjuliskanonis~ xelnawerze rom iyo gamiznuli, erTi kanonis teqstic uTiTebs: `xolo qrTamisaTÂs da safasisa, romelsa miiReben ÃelTdamsxmelni ÃelTdasxmulTagan zemoÁTganisa wmidaTa mociqulTa da mamaTa mocemisaebr ganCinebad vikadrebT Cuenca~ (Zegliswera, gv. 126). `zemoÁTgani~ `Zeglisweris~ teqstis win moTavsebul `didi sjuliskanonis~ mociqulTa da krebaTa kanonebs gulisxmobs amave xelnawerSi. anda eklesiis WurWelTa xelSeuxleblobis kanons (VI) `ganvawesebT SedgomiTa wmidaTa kanonTa~ e.i. `Zeglisweris kanoni gamotanilia `didi sjuliskanonis~ kanonmdeblobaze dayrdnobiT. aseve, XIII kanoniT, romelic krZalavs saero puris Wamas eklesia_monastrebSi: `wmidaTa mamaTa da krebaTa mier gankanonebis Tanamdeb iqmnneT...~ da sxv. zemodasaxelebul magaliTebSi rom `didi sjuliskanoni~ igulisxmeba, amis mtkice sabuTi `Zeglisweris~ SesavalSia warmodgenili: `ese arian Sekrebani wmidaTa da saeklesioTa kanonTani, dabeWdulni TÂnier yovlisa Sematebisa da moklebisa da

1 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 75-81; e.gabiZaSvili, … Zegliswera, gv. 44-51.2 k.kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. lit. istoria, I, Tbilisi,, 1980, gv. 311.

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maTi mecnierebaÁ da SedgomaÁ da mtkiced pyrobaÁ uÃms yovelTa winamZRuarTa qristianobiTisa marTlmadideblobisaTa: mRdelmTavarTa da mRdelTa da diakonTa da Cuen Soris moZRurad saxeldebulTa maTca monazonTa da erTbamad yovelsa savsebasa marTlmadidebelTa eklesiisasa~ (gv. 182). es sityvebi rom `didi sjuliskanonis~ qarTul Targmans gulisxmobs, ueWvelia, radgan am Zeglis berZnuli dednis aseTi zedmiwevniTi codna rom qarTvel `mRdelTa da diakonTa~ da sxvaTa moeTxovebodes, isic ase kategoriulad, ara gvgonia. aseve, arc Tu iSviaTia teqstobrivi siaxlovis magaliTebic (Zeglisweris fraza `viTarca sÂmon mogÂ petre mociqulisagan~ _ `didi sjuliskanonis~ teqstis TiTqmis ganmeorebaa: `viTarca simon mogÂ Cem petresagan~); aseve, Sinaarsoblivi msgavsebaa `Zeglisweris~ mexuTe kanonisa da mociqulTa 29 kanonis teqstebs Soris, `Zeglisweris” XIII da VI msoflio krebis 76-e kanonis teqstebs Soris da sxv.

kidev erTi xelSesaxebi magaliTi, romelic gviCvenebs, rom `Zegliswera~ sargeblobs saxeldobr `didi sjuliskanonis~ qarTuli TargmaniT: `Zeglisweris~ SesavalSi CamoTvlilia `didi sjuliskanonis” Sedgeniloba, maT Soris aris dasaxelebuli `filoTeos aleqsandrielisa RmrTisa gamoCinebisaTÂs Tqumulisagan~. aseTi dasaxelebis sityva berZnul nomokanonSic aris da `didi sjuliskanonis~ ZiriTad teqstSic, magram avtorad yvelgan Teofile aleqsandrieli sweria, rac erTi da imave saxelis sxvadasxva formaa. magram sainteresoa saidan gaCnda `filoTeosi~ forma. am formiT es saxeli mxolod `didi sjuliskanonis” Sesaval nawilSi 14-titlovani nomokanonis Semadgenlobis CamonaTvalSi aris moxseniebuli.

sxva magaliTi: `Zeglisweris” meore kanonSi dadgenilia saeklesio ierarqiis sxvadasxva safexurze kandidatTa asakobrivi cenzi: `episkoposi ocdaaTxuTmetisa wlisaÁ, mRdeli ocdaaTisa wlisaÁ, diakoni ocdaxuTisa wlisaÁ da wignismkiTxveli rvisa wlisaÁ Ãeldasxmul iqmnebodian~. arc berZnul nomokanonSi, arc qarTul `didi sjuliskanonSi~, arc erT saeklesio kanonSi ar moipoveba ase Tavmoyrili asakobrivi monacemebi. erTi detali adasturebs, rom `Zeglisweram” es masala aiRo `didi sjuliskanonis~ qarTuli Targmanis samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis teqstidan: `didi sjuliskanonis sistematuri nawilis I nawilis 28-e Tavis samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis teqstSi vkiTxulobT: `ara jer ars, raÁTa iyos uknines ocdaaTi wlisa, romelsa-igi Ãelni daesxmodian xucad, da diakoni ocdaxuTisa wlisaÁ da wignismkiTxveli _ rvisaÁ, xolo episkoposi _ ocdaTxuTmetisaÁ~ (didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 133). amasTanave wignismkiTxvelis asakis rva wliT gansazRvra, rac Secdomaa, gadmosulia `ZeglisweraSi~ `didi sjuliskanonis~ motanili adgilidan, radgan berZnul nomokanonSi 18 welic gvxvdeba (aTonis sintagma, II, 338) da ocic (Pitra-s

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gamocema, II). e.i. arsenma Targmanis dros meqanikuri Secdoma dauSva, xolo Semdeg es Secdoma `ZeglisweraSic~ gadmoitana.

albaT sxva magaliTebis daZebnac SeiZleba, magram motanilic adasturebs, rom `Zeglisweris~ umTavresi wyaro `didi sjuliskanonis~ arseniseuli qarTuli Targmania (sxvaTa Soris arsenma `ZeglisweraSi~ ZiriTadad Tavisi Targmnili Txzulebebi gamoiyena: giorgi amartolis `xronografi~, miqael fselosis `pirmSoÁsaTÂs,~ `dogmatikonis~ `SeCuenebani iakobitTa yovelTa erTbunebianTani, romelTa Tana arian somexnica~; da, agreTve, Tavisi moZRvris, efrem mciris `uwyebaÁ mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisaÁ~ da sxv.). `Zeglisweris~ mier `didi sjuliskanonis” qarTuli TargmaniT sargeblobis faqti, rogorc Cans, SeamCnia am Zeglis erT-erTma gadamwerma (H-1670), romelmac aseTi SeniSvna gaakeTa sistematuri nawilis bolos: `srulad gaqus ricxÂ kanonTa zandukisaÁ. aqaÁTgan kiTxvad iwye sjulTa RmrTisaTa da Semdgomad qarTvelTa krebulisaTa maTve msgavsTa maTgan nakrebisaTa…~.

`qarTvelTa krebul~-Si ueWvelad `Zeglisweris~ teqsti igulisxmeba, xolo `maTgan nakrebi” ki gulisxmobs `Zeglisweris” kanonebis `didi sjuliskanonis~ qarTuli TargmaniT sargeblobas.

marTalia, `Zegliswera~ Cvenamde moRweuli pirveli saeklesio sakanonmdeblo Zeglia, saeklesio krebis mier miRebuli da damtkicebuli, magram qarTuli kanonikuri mwerlobis pirvel Zeglad unda CavTvaloT efTvime mTawmidelis `[epistole], romeli miuwera efTÂme didsa bersa giorgis~ da misi redaqciuli saxesxvaoba `kiTxva-migebaÁ, romeli mosca Teodore sabawmidelsa efTÂme mTawmidelman~1, Tumca orive TiTqmis identur ZeglSi bevri liturgikuli sakiTxiebicaa. upirvelesad Zegli (Tu Zeglebi) pirvelad Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi warmogvidgens arakanonikuri saeklesio wignebis CamonaTvals (`wignni, romelTa eklesiaÁ ara Seiwynarebs, arian yovelni, romelni mwvalebelTa mier daiwernes~) da krZalavs maT gamoyenebas, rac efTvimes bizantiisa da romSi mravlad arsebuli msgavsi `indeqsebidan~ (mag. gelasi romis papis _ V-VI ss. dekretaliebi) ecodineboda da Seufardebia qarTuli sinamdvilisaTvis. am ZeglSi sxva kanonikur da liturgikul sakiTxebzec aris gacemuli pasuxi: sauflo dResaswaulTa muxldrekisa da marxvis akrZalva, moZRvarTa da mowafeTa damokidebulebis reglamenti, krulebis dadebisa da moxsnis uflebebi, sqemis kurTxeva, marxvaTa Sesrulebis ganawesi, mamasaxlisisa da dekanozis movaleobani da sxv. es Zegli dawerilia efTvimes winamZRvrobis wlebSi (1005-1019 ww.), mamamisis ioane mTawmidelis gardacvalebis Semdeg

1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gamosca i.dolaqiZem, Tbilisi, 1970. I red. 5-11; II red. 12-18; xelnawerebi A-737, 293-336 (XIII s.); A-450, XVII s. 562-569; k.kekeliZe, … istoria I gv. 431-434.

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(`uwinares mravlisa Jamisa, sicocxlesave mamisa Cemisada moewera muniT stefane ebiskopossa da ekiTxa…~), e.i. 1005 wlis Semdeg.

1263 w. saeklesio krebis epistole daviT ulusadmi, ufro zustad `ultimatumi” (`saqarTveloÁsa eklesiaTa davhbeWdavT, xucesTa davayenebT wirvisa da naTlvisa da samkudroTa ziarebisagan~) imdenad aris kanonikuri samarTlis Zegli, ramdenadac kreba mouwveviaT da es gadawyvetileba dauweriaT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mefis ulu-daviTis (1247-1270 ww.) mier saeklesio sakuTrebis kanonmdeblobis xelyofis mizeziT, rac saeklesio miwebis gayidva-gasaCuqrebaSi gamoixateboda. agreTve protestis mizezi iyo eklesiis mier zogierTi saero da sasuliero pirisaTvis dadebuli sasjelis samefo karze gasaCivrebis Semdeg mefisagan maTi gauqmeba da, saerTod, mefis eklesiisadmi mesakuTruli damokidebuleba. samwuxarod, es dokumenti bolonakluli unda iyos, radgan teqsti TiTqos dasrulebulia, magram krebis monawileTa xelmowerebi ar Cans. arada patriarqisa da masTan Sekrebili aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eparqiaTa mwyemsmTavarTa dasturi maTi xelrTvebiT unda damtkicebuliyo1.

`samarTali kaTalikosTa~ _ am saxelwodebis dakanonebas moiTxovda iv. javaxiSvili (`samarTali kaTalikosisa~-s nacvlad). Zegli im saeklesio krebis kanonmdeblobas warmogvidgens, romelic daaxloebiT 1543-1549 wlebSi saqarTvelos kaTalikos malaqias (1531-1549) da afxazeTis kaTalikos evdemon I CxetiZes (1543-1578) mouwveviaT dasavleT saqarTveloSi (`SevkribeniT yovelni episkopozni afxazeTisani~) iq gavrcelebuli da damkvidrebuli `mravalTa uwesobaTa da ujeroTa saqmeTa~ aRmosafxvrelad2. saeklesio krebam, romlis dadgenilebebs yvela damswre mRdelTmTavris xelmowera erTvis, miiRo sakanonmdeblo teqsti, romelic muxlebad anu kanonebad dayofili da danomrili ar ars, rac, rogorc yovelTvis msgavs SemTxvevebSi (ruis-urbnisis krebis `Zegliswera~ da sxv.), mecnierTa kamaTis sagnad iqca _ ramden kanonad unda daiyos teqsti da ra principiT. iv .javaxiSvilis mier Catarebulia analizi ufro sarwmuno Cans: teqsti 23 kanons Seicavs da gamotanilia iseT danaSaulTa amosaZirkvad, rogoricaa: adamianis gayidva, eklesiaTa gaZarcva _ xatebisa da

1 cent. saarq. samarT. arqivi fondi 1448, sabuTi #6501, dedani, e.i. 1263 w. gamocemulia xuTjer T.Jordania, qronikebi II, 163-166; g.gozaliSvili, saistorio moambe, I, 1925, 220-223; iv.javaxiSvili, Sromebi; i.doliZe, samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 161-164; qarTuli sitoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, I, gamosces T. enuqiZem, v. silogavam, n. SoSiaSvilima, Tbilisi, 1984.2 am Zeglis damoukidebeli xelnawerebi ar aris. igi yovelTvis CarTulia vaxtang VI sakanonmdeblo krebulis xelnawerebSi. gamocemulia i.doliZis mier. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, I, Tbilisi, gamosca i. doliZem, 1963, gv. 393-397 da krebulebi: samarTali vaxtang VI-isa.

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saeklesio sxva nivTebis moparva-`mkrexeloba~, kaciskvla, qurdoba, mefisadmi Ralati, kaTalikosisa da episkoposis gineba, rZlis SerTva.

kanonTa teqsts uZRvis mokle Sesavali krebis mowvevis mizezebze da iniciatorebis Sesaxeb. aseve bolosityva dadgenilebaTa aRsrulebis sikeTeze da aRusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi _ krulva-wyevla. krebis mesveurTa mowmobiT: `davideviT sjuliskanoni da Cuenca imisgan gadmoviReT da, rac imisgan ar gadmoviReviT, Cuen Cueni magieri ara Segvimatebia ra da sjuliskanonic ase brZanebs~, anda: `vinca es mociqulTa da wmidaTa krebaTagan ganwesebuli da Cuen mier damtkicebuli rjuli da wigni gaaTaos…~, riTac `did sjuliskanonze” unda iyo miTiTebuli (`mcire sjuliskanonSi~ mociqulTa kanonebi ar aris). magram gakvirvebas iwvevs sasjelis zogierTi iseTi zoma, romelic ar SeiZleba saeklesio kanonmdeblobaSi, kerZod, `did sjuliskanonSi~ iyos miRebuli: xelis mokveTa, dakirva, mamulidan gaZeveba da a.S. (aq gvian mimatebuli ucnauri teqstic aris `romelman ubralod coli daagdos, SeCuenebul ars wmidaTa mociqulTagan da sikudiliTa ganipatiJos~ _ viRacis mware xumrobas hgavs!). aseTi sasjelebis miReba krebis mier, xom ar mianiSnebs, rom igi zogjer sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebsac ixilavda?

`mcnebaÁ sasjuloÁ~ aris kanonikuri epistole, romelic antioqia-ierusalimis patriarqs mixails 1470-1474 ww. miucia afxazeTis eklesiisaTvis kaTalikosad mis mier ioakime bedielis xeldasxmasTan dakavSirebiT. marTalia, rogorc k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, es epistole berZnul enaze daiwereboda, magram radgan igi qarTulad gamoqveynda da qarTuli eklesiis problemebze msjelobs, igi qarTuli saeklesio-sakanonmdeblo Zeglad unda CaiTvalos1. (`ese qarta TquenTÂs (e.i. qarTvelebisaTvis _ e.g.) aRvswere~). epistoleSi igrZnoba Zveli tradiciis aRorZinebis survili, roca saqarTvelos da amdenad afxazeTis qristianuli eklesia antioqiis eklesiaze damokidebulad iTvleboda.

epistolis SesavalSi gansazRvrulia afxazeTis sakaTalikosos teritoria: `da episkopozi lixTamerisa, Woroxsa aqaT, ovseTsa aqaT, zRÂaÁ pontos aqaT, sada didisa biWuintisa samzRuari miawevs, episkopozni ama ierusalimisa marjuenisagan kaTalikozisagan ikurTxeodian~.

epistolis sakanonmdeblo nawili muxlebad dayofili ar aris _ igi Sinaarsis mixedviT am Zeglis gamomcemlebma dayves2.

1 xelnawerebi: cssa fon. 1448. sab. #5020, dedani (e.i. XV s.) etrati, gragnili, 6 kefi, nusxuri; Sd-2920 (xelnawerTa instituti) piri, mxedruli.2 Zeglis pirvelma gamomcemelma T. Jordaniam igi 19 muxlad dayo: qronikebi, II, 294-297; xolo i. doliZem _ 43 muxlad: qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, 221-233. arsebobs muxlebad dauyofeli teqstis gamocemac: s. kakabaZisa, mcneba sasjulo, 1913 w. (calke amonabeWdi).

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Zegli iwyeba mowodebiT `mamaTa da ZmaTa~ mimarT, daemorCilon kaTalikosis locva-kurTxevas, xolo urCni, sasulierni da saeroni (maT Soris mefeTa, mTavarTa da a.S. misamarTiTac) SeCvenebul da wyeul iqnebiano.1 momdevno teqstSi ki saubaria iseT danaSaulebze, rogoricaa: patronisadmi Ralati da orgeloba, ukanono qorwinebebi da mruSoba, siZva, mkvlelobebi, marxvis darRveva, uqmeTa ar dacva da a.S.

teqstis didi nawili Cveulebrivi damoZRvris STabeWdilebas tovebs da saeklesio sasjelTa nacvlad mxolod grZeli da zogjer ucnauri wyevla-krulvaa mocemuli. ZeglSi gvxvdeba gameorebis SemTxvevebi erTi da igive sakiTxze, mcireodeni gansxvavebuli SinaarsiT, msjeloba aris orjer da samjer da oTxjerac. mag. ùxuedri colis SerTvis~ Sesaxeb _ me-9; 35-e 38-e, me-40; oTxSabaT-paraskevis marxvis Sesaxeb _ me-14, 37-e 39-e …)

`rjulisa da mcnebis dadeba kaTalikozis mier gergetel saydris SvilTaTÂs~, rac teqstis gamomcemelTagan micemuli dasaxelebaa sabuTisa, misi Sinaarsidanaa aRebuli (èse rCuli da mcnebaÁ dagide Tquen, gergetel saydris SvilTa~). es Txzuleba XVI s. saeklesio kanomdeblobis mokle Zeglia, micemuli konkretuli eklesiisadmi da misi iurisdiqcia mxolod masze vrceldeba. gamomcemelni mis teqsts 4 muxlad yofen, romelTac saeklesio klasikuri kanonis Sinaarsi ara aqvT: es ufro mowodebaa am eklesiis msaxurTa da mrevlis mimarT `raÁca samasdaaTurametTa mamaTa rjuli gaaCines~ (laparakia marxvis dReebze) … asre SeinaxeT Tquen…~, aseve, uqme dReebis daucvelobis SemTxvevaSi: `rasaca avsa uzams (albaT Tavis Tavs?!), ubralod viyuneT~. da aqve miTiTebulia ucnaur sasjelze, ufro swored `jarimaze~: `Tquen saydris Svilni Semcode… oTxi aTasi Tanga qrTami daiurvos~. Semdegi `damoZRvra~ aseTia: ìyueniT saydris Svilni erTsulobiT: ufrosni _ ufroÁsad da umcroÁsni _ [umcroÁsad]; mRdelni _ mRdelTa wesiTa da erisagani _ erisagani wesiTa~. sainteresoa bolo meoTxe muxli: `romelmanca xucesman abjari aiRos, vinca naxos, waarTÁs da jurumica (konfiskacia) azRvevinos queyanaman~. Cans, rom aseTi `danaSauli~ da `sasjeli~ adaTur, anu `CveulebiT sjuls~ iTvaliswinebs.

1702 wels aRmosavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos evdemozTan Semokrebili episkoposebis saeklesio krebas samonastro wesisa da rigis Taobaze ramdenime kanoni (5) daudgenia. kanonebi, ZiriTadad, daviT-garejis monastrebis berTa sxva monastrebSi gadasvlas gmobs. monastridan gamosvla mxolod monazonis episkoposad xeldasxmis an winamZRvrad daniSvnasa da msgavs SemTxvevebSia dasaSvebi. aseve akrZalulia dasjili da `gamovardnili~ beris Sewynareba.

1 bolo gamocemaSi _ i. doliZis, qarT. samarTlis Zeglebi III, gv. 223-225. teqstis es nawili 7 muxlad aris dayofili.

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1748 wels TbilisSi samefo palatSi erekle II-is iniciativiT mowveulma saeklesio krebam anton I-is TavkacobiT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yvela eklesiisaTvis saxelmZRvanelo 27 kanoni daadgina (`…daamtkicnes da daweres kanoni ese k˜z (27) TavTaveonad…~). Tumca teqstSi kanonebis numeracia ar aris warmodgenili da kanonebis gamoyofa abzacebis mixedviT xerxdeba. kanonebi. ZiriTadad, eklesiis Sinaganawess, RvTismsaxurebis ritualisaTvis saWiro WurWelTa da nivTTa reglamentacias, disciplinas, eklesiis Sida mowyobas, saeklesio samoss, sasuliero pirTa qorwinebasa da msgavs sakiTxebs exeba. krebam akrZala, agreTve, saeklesio miwebis misakuTreba da eklesiaSi sisxliani Sesawiravi.

sainteresoa erTi detali: kreba krZalavs meoTxe da mexuTe qorwinebebs, maSin, rodesac saeklesio samarTliT akrZalulia mesame qorwineba da meoTxe, mexuTe qorwinebaze saerTod ar aris saubari. aq ki akrZalva meoTxedan iwyeba. saeklesio dadgenilebebs bolos erTvis xelmowerebi: erekle wers: `warvweren~, xolo anton I da episkoposebi `ganvsazRvren (e.i. davamtkice) da warvweren~.

1862 w. erekle II-isa da ioseb kaTalikosis mier mowveulma saeklesio krebam punqtobrivi dadgenilebebi daugzavna aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eparqiebs. dadgenilebebi originaluria da Sinaarsobrivadac `Sinauruli~.

`pirveli ese rom episkoposman Tavis samwysoSi uaRsarebo aravin daagdos, meored, ese: sauflosa dResaswauls da kviras wirvis mousmenlad nuravis gauSvebT… mesamed: Tu wmidaT episkopozT TqvenTa samwysoTa Sina urCni vinme gyvandesT, Cven mogvaÃsenoT da egeviTarTa Cuen davsjiT…~ da a.S. am stilSi grZeldeba saubrebi imis Sesaxeb, rom eklesiaSi daZvelebuli, damwvari an dangreuli unda ganaxldes, trapezs Casacmeli unda hqondes, barZim-feSxumad gatexili xis WurWlis xmareba ar SeiZleba, Tu moxucebuli mRvdels trapezis msaxureba ar SeuZlia, mis bedze episkoposman izrunos, ucodinaris mRvdloba ar SeiZleba... `meaTed: romelic rom Cven ver movigoneT, episkoposT marTebsT maradis mRviZare yofaÁ~. da bolos episkoposma Tavis `samwysosa wmidas eklesiaSi Seslva, dgoma da pirs jvaris dawera aswavlos~1.

`episkoposTa mimarT~. am Zegls sayovelTaod cnobili `sayovelTao~ an `mrguliv mosavleli” epistolis forma da Sinaarsi aqvs. igi warmoadgens saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis anton I-is epistoles gagzavnils erekle II-isa da Tavisi saxeliT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yvela eparqiis episkoposisadmi, romelSic vrclad aris Camoyalibebuli episkoposisadmi wayenebuli yvela moTxovna, Tu rogor unda aswavlides da amowmebdes igi sakuTari eparqiis mRvdlebs da sxva sasuliero pirebs, maT movaleobaTa Sesrulebas. Sinaarsob-

1 gamocemulia: i.doliZe, qarT. samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 848-850; xeln. Ad 856 (xel. inst.), dedani e.i. 1762 w.

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rivad es epistole hgavs ioseb kaTalikosis 1762 w. zemoTmotanil epistoles anu dadgenilebebs, magram gacilebiT mravalferovania da kvalificiuri. teqsti gamomcemlis mier dayofilia 35 muxlad. Tanac gamomcemeli Zegls sakuTar dasaTaurebas aZlevs: `mcneba mRudelTaTvis~, rac mTlad zusti ar unda iyos1. originaluria am ZeglSi erTi mcneba: uqme dRes SromisaTvis `misi namoqmedi cecxliT dawvan; im kacs ormoci joxi dahkran, Tu glexi iyos…~, aseTive sasjelia `pirutyvis borotis sityviT Segineba~. aseT sasjels saeklesio kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs. epistoles xels aweren anton kaTalikosi da erekle mefe, romelic Tavis xeliT umatebs aseT gafrTxilebas: `…Cuens xalxs vafrTxilebT: marTalia, CvenSi aseTi Secodebani `arc yofila da arc aris~-o, magram `Tu vinme amisTana saqmis mqneli gamoCndes an momwamlvelni an kacis Semkruelni, an … RmrTis didad ganmarisxebelisa da miutevebelis finTisa da myralisa… mamaTmavlobis mqmnelni mamalni anu dedalni _ eseni unda Zaliani da saandazos jajebiT (tanjva) daiÃocnen~, da avalebs episkoposebs _ yvelani gaafrTxilon.

kanonikuri epistolis forma da Sinaarsi aqvs afxazeT-imerTa kaTalikosis maqsimes mier 1777 w. ori monastris winamZRvrisadmi gagzavnili epistoles, romlis mizania am monastrebSi, udabnosa da erkeTSi kaTalikosisadmi morCileba sufevdes da RvTismsaxurebis aRsruleba, sasuliero pirTa saqmianoba da saqcieli miRebuli wesebis mixedviT ganisazRvrebodes, uqme dReebSi mrevli saeklesio wirva-locvas ar daakldes. specialurad aris yuradReba gamaxvilebuli mkiTxavTa SeCvenebaze: `da nurc mkudars damarxaven mkiTxavs, aramed viTarca ZaRli gancofebuli, egreT Seracxon~.

teqsti epistolisa gamomcemlis mier aris dayofili 10 muxlad2.bolos, im saeklesio krebis Sesaxeb, romelmac 1755 wels anton I-is eklesiidan

gankveTa daadgina misi kaTolikobis gamo, da 1756 w. krebis dadgenileba, romelmac antoni, monaniebis Semdeg, aRadgina marTlmadideblobaSi. pirvelma krebam 1755 w. 12 dekembers gankveTa marTlmadidebluri eklesiisagan mas Semdeg, rac TviTon antonma aRiara gakaTolikeba (igi 18 Tvis ganmavlobaSi iTvleboda kaToliked) mis TanamozreebTan, 5 mowafesTan erTad. magram imave wlis 16 dekembers mowveul krebaze man aRiara Secodeba xelweriliT da sinanulis kanoniT 18 TviT dasajes (e.i. imdenive xniT, ramdeni drois ganmavlobaSi igi kaTolike iyo), xolo am drois gasvlis Semdeg 1756 w. 4 aprilis krebam Seiwynara da wirvis ufleba aRudgina, kaTalikosoba ki aRar aRudgina da ruseTSi wasvlis neba darTo. samive krebis ganCineba kanonikuri samarTlis Zeglia3.

1 i.doliZe, qarT. samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 871-877; xeln. A-317, 180-186.2 iqve, gv. 914-916.3 m. qavTaria, XVIII s. qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azris istoriidan, Tbilisi, 1977, gv. 17-19; xeln. H-1334, 201 r-v.

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saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebze saubari sruli ar iqneba, Tu aq Cven ar CamovTvaleT mainc is saero kanonmdeblobis Zeglebic, romlebic met-naklebi doziT exebian eklesiis iseT sakiTxebs, rac saeklesio samarTals ganekuTvneba: `Ãelmwifis karis garigeba~ (XIV s.), `wesi da gangeba mefeTa kurTxevisa~ (XV s.), vaxtang VI samarTlis krebulSi Setanili `samarTali bagrat kurapalatisa~ (XI s.), giorgi brwyinvalis `Zeglisdeba~ (XIV s.), `beqa-aRbuRas samarTali~ (XIV s.), vaxtang VI `dasturlamali~ (XVII s.) da sxv.

kanonikuri samarTlis Zeglebad unda miviCnioT is sigel-gujrebi, romlebic saxlmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTobas awesrigebdnen da, amdenad, kanonikur normebsac Seicaven (wyalobis, erTgulebis, Sewirulobis, gamosaRebis wignebi, gamosavlis davTrebi, iadgarebi da a.S.)

aqve SeiZleba vaxsenoT liturgikuli Zeglebi, saeklesio tipikonebi, `gangebani~ da a.S., romlebSic bevri saeklesio samarTlis sakiTxi aris ganxiluli.

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kanonikuri samarTlis wyaroebi *

zogadi mimoxilva

rogorc adamianTa sazogadoebriv organizms, eklesias aqvs Tavisi zustad gansazRvruli kanonebi, romlis mixedviT cxovrobs da viTardeba es organizmi da romliTac myardeba urTierToba mis wevrebs Soris.

kanonikuri mwerloba sawyisebs or ZiriTad wyarodan iRebs. pirveli da umTavresi werilobiTi wyaro qristianuli literaturis is saprogramo Zeglebia, romlebic axali aRTqmis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili, radgan saxarebebsa da e.w. mociqulTa epistoleebSi qristianuli yofis umTavres sakiTxebTan erTad warmodgenilia qristianuli eklesiis iuridiuli cxovrebis ZiriTadi monaxazebic. ara marto pirveli iuridiuli Zeglebi, aramed eklesiis mTeli Semdegdroindeli kanonikuri moRvaweoba axali aRTqmis wignTa zogadqristianul moZRvrebas eyrdnoba da maTi gaTvaliswinebiT aris gansazRvruli. pirveli werilobiTi saeklesio kanonebi xSirad aramarto Sinaarsobrivad gamomdinareoben saxarebis, ,,saqme mociqulTa “ da ,,mociqulTa epistoleebis” calkeuli adgilebidan, aramed frazeologiur msgavsebas iCenen maTTan. ar aris ugulvebelsayofi kanonikuri samarTlis zogierTi sakiTxis Zveli aRTqmis zogierTi wignis gaTvaliswinebiT gadawyvetis faqtebic.

saeklesio kanonmdeblobis meore zogadi wyaro is dauwereli iuridiuli normebia (,,uwereli sjuli”, εκλγσιαστική συνήθαι), romlebic damkvidrebuli iyo im uZveles qristianul eklesiebSi da romelSic Tavis droze mociqulTa samoRvaweo asparezs warmoadgendnen. aseT eklesiebSi, gadmocemebis safuZvelze, tradiciulad SemuSavebuli saeklesio normebi TandaTanobiT gavrcelda qristianuli samyaros sxvadasxva kuTxeebSic da zogi maTgani SemdegSi werilobiTi saeklesio kanonis wyaro da safuZveli gaxda. aseTi formis kanonmdeblobis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb cnobilia basili didis sityvebi: ,,guaqus mocemuli Cuenda uwerel-CueulebaÁ, romeli ZaliTa swori ars sjulisa, misTvis, rameTu wmidaTa kacTa mier mocemul arian Cuenda egeviTarisa mis Cueulebisa wesni”.2 ,,uwerel CueulebaSi, anu ,,sjulSi” igulisxmeba Cveuleba, tradicia (εθός), romlis wyaros warmoadgens ama Tu im qristianul sazogadoebaSi xangrZlivi drois manZilze SemuSavebuli uSualo rwmena. rac aucileblad iTvleba am sazogadoebisaTvis, da gadmocemiT (η Παράδοσις), romelic eyrdnoba im piris avtoritets (ZiriTadad mociqulni da maTi uaxloesi mowafeebi), visganac momdinareobs es gadmocema.

* ibeWdeba pirvelad. gaTvaliswinebuli iyo “didi sjuliskanonis” Sesaval nawilad, magram teqnikuri mizezebis gamo ar daibeWda.2 ,,didi sjuliskanoni”, Tbilisi, 1976, gv. 498.

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orive zogadi wyaros safuZvelze aRmocenebulma kanonikurma samarTalma Tavisi konkretuli da srulyofili gamoxatuleba werilobiT saeklesio kanonebSi hpova. radgan `saRmrTo werilsa” da saeklesio CveulebebSi mocemuli ZiriTadi saeklesio kanonebi dawvrilebiT ar moicavdnen yvelafers, rac saeklesio cxovrebis yvela kerZo SemTxvevas exeboda, amitom saeklesio sakanonmdeblo organoebs unda mieRoT detaluri disciplinaruli kanoni saeklesio cxovrebis yvela SemTxvevisaTvis, magram amave dros is SeTanxmebuli unda yofiliyo `wmida werilis” ZiriTad kanonTan.

IV-IX saukuneebis saeklesio kanonmdebloba swored kanonikuri samarTlis Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis naTeli suraTia.1

werilobiTi saeklesio kanonebis kodifikacia, dawyebuli IV s. dasawyisSi, mxolod IX saukunis bolos damTavrda qristianuli sarwmunoebis ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis CamoyalibebiT, romelic dRes XIV titlovani nomokanonis2 883 wlis redaqciiT aris cnobili. saeklesio kanonTa swored dasaxelebuli krebuli gaxda misi qarTuli Targmanis _ `didi sjuliskanonis” wyaro.

winamdebare narkvevis mizani aris ZiriTad kanonikur krebulSi Sesuli kanonikuri samarTlis konkretul wyaroTa istoriul-filologiuri mimoxilva da TviT kodeqsis Camoyalibebis safexurebis gaTvaliswineba. kanonikuri samarTlis konkretul wyaroebs ki mociqulTa, msoflio da adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa da e.w. wm. mamaTa kanonikuri epistoleebi ekuTvnian, romlebsac Zalian mokled ganvixilavT amave TanmimdevrobiT.

I. mociqulTa kanonebi

kanonikuri samarTlis ZiriTad kodeqsSi pirvel adgilze Setanili mociqulTa saxeliT cnobili saeklesio kanonebi samecniero literaturaSi Cvenamde moRweul uZveles saeklesio samarTlis werilobiT Zeglad iTvleba. dasaxelebuli kanonebi warmoadgenen mokled formulirebul disciplinarul normebs Cveulebriv im sasjelis aRniSvniT, romelsac am normebis darRveva iTvaliswinebs.

1 kanonikuri samarTali farTo gagebiT _ igive saeklesio samarTalia, xolo viwro gagebiT saeklesio samarTlis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli nawili da moicavs ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsSi Sesul saeklesio kanonmdeblobas (Никодим, Православное церковное право, СПБ, 1887, стр.9-10). amjerad Cveni msjelobis sagani iqneba kanonikuri samarTali misi viwro gagebiT.2 saxelwodeba `nomokanons” Cven vxmarobT mTliani krebulis aRsaniSnavad da ara marto samoqalaqo kanonebis Semcveli misi sistematuri nawilisa, rogorc es zogjer samecn. literaturaSi gvxvdeba. amasTanave `nomokanonis” qveS yovelTvis mxolod berZnul kanonikur krebuls vgulisxmobT, xolo misi qarTuli Targmanis aRsaniSnavad `didi sjuliskanons” vxmarobT.

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am kanonebis Camoyalibebis zusti dro im redaqciiT, romelmac Cvenamde moaRwia, sabolood jer kidev ar aris garkveuli da ukanaskneli saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mecnierebis azrTa sxvadasxvaobis sagania.1

kanonebis Sinaarsisa da maTSi gaTvaliswinebuli epoqis tradiciaTa mixedviT, mociqulTa kanonebi sxavadsxva dros ekuTvnis. uZvelesi unda iyos is kanonebi, romlebic zust SesatyisobaSia Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebTan, anda mTlianad eyrdnobian am wignebs.2 SedarebiT mogviano periodSi unda SeedginaT kanonTa is wyeba, romlebic gamoxataven II da IIIs. I naxevris saeklesio moRvaweTa TxzulebebSi dadasturebul movlenebsa da urTierTobebs.3 mociqulTa kanonebis didi nawili unda ekuTvnodes IIIs. II naxevars. mTlianad mociqulTa kanonebi nikiis I msoflio krebamde unda Camoyalibebuliyo, rac ZiriTadad aRiarebulia kanonikuri samarTlis istoriaSi.

mociqulTa kanonebis Camoyalibebis geografiac mravalferovani unda iyos, rasac zogierT kanonSi dadasturebuli faqtebi mianiSneben. mag. me-7 kanoni – aRdgomis dResaswaulis aRniSvnis Sesaxeb – gamoxatavs dasavleTis, kerZod, romis eklesiis Cveulebas, romelic IIs. bolos miRebuli iqna aRmosavleTis bevr eklesiaSi.4 37-e kanoni – saeklesio krebis yovelwliurad mowvevis Sesaxeb – aRmosavluri, kerZod siriuli warmoSobisa unda iyos, radgan am kanonSi SemorCenilia Tvis siriuli saxeli (υπερβερεται). 46-e kanoni – eretikosTa monaTvlis Sesaxeb – gviCvenebs afrikeTis, kerZod, karTagenis eklesiis praqtikas. 70, 71 kanonebs da sxv., romlebic krZalaven ebraelebTan urTierTobas da maT mibaZvas, SesaZloa palestinuri warmoSoba hqondeT, sadac qristianebs ebraelebTan meti Sexebis wertilebi hqondaT, vidre sxvagan. 51, 53 da 64 kanonebi, romlebic kicxaven zogi qristianis zizRs qorwinebisa da xorciani saWmelebisadmi, agreTve romlebic mimarTulia TviTdasaWurisebis winaaRmdeg, aleqsandriuli da, nawilobriv, siriuli warmoSobisa unda iyos, radgan mimarTulia gnostikosTa (enkratitebis, markionetTa da montanistTa)

1 literatura am sakiTxis irgvliv Tavmoyrilia: Остроумов М., Введение в православное церковное право, Харьков, 1893, стр. 171-173.2 mociq. 48-e kan. = maTe V, 32; me-19, 17. kanonebi 17, 25, 42, 43, 44, 61, 80 = 1 tim. III, 2-13 tit. I, 5-9; I pet. V, 1-14; III ioane 1-10. 84-e kan. = gamoslv. XXII, 28; I pet. II, 17; I tim. II, 2 32-e da 75-e kan. = I tim. II, 4. me-10 = I kor. V, 11-13. II sil. III, 14. kan. 12, 13 = II korin. III, 1. me-18 = levit. XXI, 7, 13, 14. 57-e = levit. XIX, 14. 63-e – saq. mociq. XV, 29; Sesaq. IX, 4. 81-e = maT. VI, 24. kan. 82, 83 = maT. XXII, 21.3 kanonebi: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 24, 31, 39, 49, 70 Sead. klimenti romaelis, egnate antioqelis, polikarpe smirnelis da iustine filosofosis Sromebs. kanonebi: 45, 47, 50, 51, 53, 64, 69 – tertulianisa da irineos lionelis Sromebs. kanonebi: 21, 22, 25, 27, 34, 37, 38, 52, 62 da sxv. – origenis, kipriane karTagenelis, firmiliane kesarielis, korneli romaelisa da sxv. Sromebs. 4 Евс. Кесарийский, Церковная история, V, 22 (rus. enaze).

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winaaRmdeg da ebrZvis iseT ukidures mimdinareobebs, romlebic origenis TviTdasaWurisebis TeoriaSi gamoixata.1

pirveli sami saukunis qristianuli saeklesio kanonmdebloba rom ZiriTadad mociqulTa kanonebze iyo damyarebuli, Cans iqidanac, rom am periodis saeklesio praqtika srul SesatyvisobaSia mociqulTa kanonebSi werilobiT Camoyalibebul kanonmdeblobasTan. IVs. saeklesio moRvaweebi, msoflio da adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir miuTiTeben mociqulTa zogierT kanonze, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo normaze. marTalia, es miTiTebani uSualod mociqulTa kanonebs ar asaxeleben, magram gamoTqmebi, romelTac nikeis I msoflio krebis kanonebSi vxvdebiT: `mRdelobad moiyvanebs kanoni” (1kan.), `daicveboded maTTÂs wesi kanonisaÁ” (me-5 kan.), `Zvelnive wesi ipyroboded” (me-6 kan.), `amas ara SeuTqs kanoni saeklesioÁ” (me-10 kan.), `Zvelnive da kanonebrivi sjuli damarxul iyavn awca” (me-13 kan.), unda gulisxmobdes ara Zvel saeklesio praqtikas, rogorc mag. amas Drey fiqrobs,2 aramed werilobiT Camoyalibebul mociqulTa kanonebs, rac naTelia imiTac, rom yoveli aseTi miTiTeba Sesatyviss poulobs mociqulTa konkretul kanonSi (nik.1=moc. 21-23, 2=80, 5=32 da a.S.). damowmebuli adgilebis `kanoni” ar SeiZleba gulisxmobdes nikeis krebaze adrindeli adgilobriv krebaTa dadgenilebebs, radgan aseTi krebebis gadawyvetilebani exeboda romelime garkveuli provinciis an qristianuli qveynis eklesiis mxolod kerZo – adgilobriv sakiTxebs da pretenzia ar hqondaT zogadqristianuli iseTi savaldebulo normisa, roemlsac TavisTavad gulisxmobs termini `kanoni”.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom nikeis me-15 kanonis zogierTi berZnuli teqsti pirdapir asaxelebs mociqulTa kanons – παρα τον Αποστολικον κανονα.3

antioqiis 341 wlis adgilbrivi krebis kanonebi aramarto miuTiTeben mociqulTa kanonebze - `wesi saeklesioÁ” (3, 23 kan.), `pirvelTaganve damtkicebulisaebr kanonisa mamaTa CuenTaÁsa” (me-9 kan.), `pirvelive amisTÂs ganCinebulisaebr sazRvrisa mamaTaÁsa” (21-e kan.) da sxv., aramed am krebis kanonTa udidesi nawili sityva-sityviT imeorebs, avrcobs da komentars ukeTebs Sesabamis mociqulTa kanons.4

konstantinepolis meore msoflio krebis (381w.) romaleTa eklesiisadmi gagzavnil epistoleSi, romelSic laparakia episkoposis TviTneburad erTi eparqiidan meoreSi gadasvlis akrZalvaze, miTiTebulia ara marto nikeis I msoflio krebis me-15 kanonze, aramed `Zvel dadgenilebebzedac” (Παλάιος θέσμος)

1 Остроумов М., dasax. naSromi, gv. 173-174.2 Drey, Neue untersuchnngen über die Constitutionen und Kanones der Apostell, Tübnngen, 1882. 3 aTenis sintagma, t.II, gv.4 dawvrilebiT amis Sesaxeb: Н. Заозерский, Никейский кодекс, Чтение в обществе люб. дух. просвещения, 1882, I, 597.

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da eWvis gareSea, mxedvelobaSi mociqulTa me-14 kanoni aqvs, radgan nikeis krebaze miRebuli sxva Zveli kanonebi am sakiTxis Sesaxeb cnobili ar aris.

Rangris adgilobrivi kreba (340w.) ki pirdapir asaxelebs `samociquloTa mocemaTa mier ganwesebulTa qmnasa” (21-e kanoni – moc. 51. kan.), xolo konstantinepolis 394w. adgilobrivi kreba zustad `mociqulTa kanonebs” asaxelebs. aseTive miTiTebani aris basili didis kanonebSic (me-3, me-12 da sxv.) V-VI saukuneebis msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebSi mociqulTa kanonebis damowmeba Cveulebrivi movlenaa.

amrigad, azri, rom mociqulTa kanonebi Sedgenilia IV-Vss. saeklesio krebaTa kanonebis (nikiis I, antioqiis, laodikiis, neokesariis, qalkedonisa da konstantinepolis ramdenime krebis) kompilaciiT,1 miuRebelia, xolo piriqiT sargeblobis faqtebi ki sarwmuno, rogorc amas jer kidev Beveregii amtkicebda.2

yovelive zemoTqmulis safuZvelze saeWvoa am kanonebis sruli saxiT (85 kan.) SekrebaSi klimenti romaelis (I sauk.) roli, rasac amtkicebda marTlmadidebluri eklesia da rac fiqsirebulia kidec mociqulTa bolo 85-e kanonSi. unda daveTanxmoT azrs, rom mociqulTa kanonebi II-IIIss. adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa da zogierT episkoposTa mier sxvadasxva drosa da sxvadasxva adgilas miRebuli kanonebis werilobiT Camoyalibebuli kanonikuri krebulia,3

romelSic, albaT, bevri ram Sesulia dauwereli, anu gadmocemiTi da CveulebiTi kanonmdeblobidanac, radgan krebuls mociqulTa saxeli miekuTvna.

ioane sqolastikosis 50-titlovan VIs. kanonikur krebulSi pirveladaa warmodgenili mociqulTa kanonebis sruli raodenoba – 85,4 rac krebulis Semdgenels Cvenamde armoRweuli 60-titlovani krebulidan auRia. aseTi raodenoba mociqulTa kanonebisa daamtkica trulis (konstantinepolis) 692 wlis krebam, ramac bolo mouRo yovelgvar eWvsa da gaurkvevlobas am kanonTa kanonikurobis aRiarebaSi. es kanonebi Setanilia XIV titlovani nomokanonis yevla redaqciaSi.

bolos unda aRiniSnos, rom mociqulTa kanonebis mravalricxovan gamocemaTagan saukeTeso ekuTvnis kardinal Pitra-s, romelSic gaTvaliswinebulia am Zeglis Semcveli berZnuli xelnawerebis umravlesoba.5

erT-erT berZnul kanonikur krebulSi, saxeldobr, ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis safuZvelze Sedgenil e.w. `kanonTa sinopsisSi”, romelic kanonTa Semoklebul teqstebs Seicavs, mociqulTa kanonebis gverdiT Setanilia

1 Drey, dasax. naSromi, gv. 403.2 Beveregii, Codex Canonum Ecclesiae… London, 1678.3 P. de Marca, De Concordia sacerdottii et imperii, Paris, 1704, libri II, c. 2. Beveregii, das. naSromi.4 uZveles laTinur krebulSi, romelic dionise mcires Vs. mijnaze berZnulidan uTargmnia, Setanilia mociqulTa 50 kanoni.5 Pitra, Iuris ecclesiastici graecorum historia et monumenta I, 1864.

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17 kanoni, warwerili pavle mociqulis saxeliT, 17 kanoni – petre da pavle mociqulebis erTobliv Semoqmedebad miCneuli da 2 kanoni _ yvela mociqulis kuTvnilebad gamocxadebuli. am 36 kanonis wyaro `mociqulTa dadgenilebebis” is 8 wigneulia, romelic 691 wlis `trulis” krebam Semdegdroindel eretikul gadakeTeba-CamatebaTa gamo arakanonikurad miiCnia da akrZala (me-2 kanoni). marTalia, es kanonebi XIV titlovan nomokanonis berZnul teqstis gamocemebSi ar gvxvdeba, magram am faqtis aRniSvna saWirod vcaniT imitom, rom dasaxelebuli 36 kanonidan pirveli 34 qarTuli `didi sjuliskanonis” zogierT xelnawerSi XII-XIVss. (da ara arsen iyalToeliseuli) TargmaniT aris warmodgenili, e.i. gviandel danamats warmoadgens.

II. msoflio saeklesio krebebi da maTi kanonmdebloba

msoflio saeklesio kreba saeklesio kanonmdeblobis umaRles organos warmoadgenda. aseT krebebze SemuSavebuli saeklesio kanonebi kanonikuri samarTlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi konkretuli wyaroa. msoflio kreba ewodeboda SesaZleblobis farglebSi qristianuli samyaros yvela kuTxis TvalsaCino da saeklesio Tanamdebobriv pirTa Sekrebas zogadqristianuli gadaudebeli sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad. aseT krebaTa mier sanqcirebuli dadgenilebani savaldebulo norma iyo msoflios qristianuli eklesiebisaTvis.

msoflio saeklesio kreba ar iyo mudmivad moqmedi saeklesio organo, ufro zustad, misi mowvevis aucilebloba ar iyo gansazRvruli garkeuli periodulobiT, rogorc amas adgili hqonda adgilobriv saeklesio krebebTan dakavSirebiT. is warmoadgenda sagangebo organos, romlis mier SemuSavebul kanonmdeblobas hqonda ara marto saeklesio, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobac, radganac msoflio krebis kanonebi samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis uflebebsac iZenda.

msoflio krebis mowvevis organizatori eklesiasTan erTad saero xelisuflebac iyo. ufro metic, msoflio krebis mowveva mxolod bizantiis imperatoris sanqciiT SeiZleboda. marTalia, formalurad imperatori ar ereoda krebis sxdomebis mimdinareobis saqmeebSi, magram msoflios krebaTa istoriis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom krebis saboloo Sedegebze imperators xSirad gadamwyveti gavlena hqonda. formalurad samoqalaqo xelisuflebis mTavar sazrunavs krebis finansuri mxarisa da usafrTxoebis organizaciis uzrunvelyofa Seadgenda, magram xSiri iyo maTi Zalismieri Careva eklesiis ierarqiul-organizaciul da sarwmunoebriv saqmeebSic. imperatoris uflebas Seadgenda agreTve msoflio krebis mowvevis droisa da adgilis gansazRvra. konstantine didma TavisTavs eklesiis sagareo samqeTa episkoposi uwoda,1 xolo impeartorma iustiniane II-m trulis krebis aqtebs xeli ase moawera: `gavecani

1 Evsebius, Vita Const., Lib. IV, c. 24

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da Tanaxma var” da ara `davamtkiceo”, rogorc Cveulebriv awerda xels krebaze damswre yvela episkoposi, radgan krebaze gadamwyveti xmis ufleba mxolod episkoposebs an maTi saxeliT krebaze damswre ufro dabali ierarqiis saeklesio pirebs hqondaT da es ufleba formalurad imperators ar gaaCnda.

amrigad, msoflio saeklesio kreba saxelmwifosa da eklesiis mSvidobiani TanamSromlobis Sedegia. amitom qristianuli sarwmunoebis saxelmwifo religiad aRiarebamde aseTi krebebis mowveva SeuZlebeli iyo. aseTi SesaZlebloba 313 wlidan (313 wlis milanis ediqtiT qristianobis nebadarTul organizaciad aRiareba) gaCnda da 325w. nikeis pirveli msoflio saeklesio krebis mowveviT dagvirgvinda.

msoflio saeklesio krebaTa mowvevis ZiriTadi mizezi yovelTvis qristianuli eklesiis wiaRSi mwvaleblobaTa aRmoceneba iyo, xolo mizani _ maTi aRmofxvra da maT mimdevarTa saeklesio sarbielidan Camocileba. Svidive msoflio kreba naTqvamis naTeli dadasturebaa.

mxolod msoflio krebis kompetenciaSi Sedioda sarwmunoebs dogmatis gansazRvra, romelic srul TanxmobaSi iqneboda ̀ saRmrTo werilisa” da uZvelesi saeklesio tradiciebTan, da maTi rwmenis simbolos formiT Camoyalibeba.

marTalia, msoflio krebaTagan umetesobam mravali saeklesio kanoni gamoitana eklesiis struqturis, mmarTvelobisa da disciplinaruli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, magram msoflio krebis umTavresi sazrunavi sarwmunoebriv-ideologiuri asparezi iyo da amdenad qristianuli eklesiis meore mniSvnelovani sakiTxi – saeklesio kanonmdebloba TiTqmis meore planze idga. es V da VI msoflio krebebis istoriebidanac Cans, romlebsac arc erTi disciplinaruli kanoni ar SeudgeniaT da mxolod wminda dogmatikuri saqmianobiT dakmayofildnen.

aRsaniSnavia, rom mxolod msoflio krebis sanqciiT SeiZleboda zogierTi mniSvnelovani adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis kanonebis zogadqristianuli mniSvnelobis aRiareba. igive iTqmis eklesiis mamaTa zogierTi kanonikuri epistolis Sesaxebac.

msoflio krebis Tavmjdomaris sapatio ufleba ekuTvnoda im episkoposs, romlis kaTedrasac msoflio eklesiis danarCen kaTedrebs Soris privilegiuri mdgomareoba eWira, Tuki aseTi episkoposi TviTon ar iyo krebis msjelobis sagani (mag. efesos III msoflio krebas Tavmjdomareobda kirile aleqsandrieli, radgan krebaze konstantinepolis patriarqis nestoris gankveTis sakiTxi idga). Tu msoflio krebas imperatori eswreboda, mas krebis sapatio Tavmjdomaris pativi hqonda miniWebuli. marTalia, romis papi, Cveulebriv, msoflio krebebs ar eswreboda, magram zogjer misi warmomadgenlebi (legatebi) misi saxeliT Tavmjdomareobdnen.

Cvenamde moRweulma xuTi msoflio krebis (III, IV, V, VI, VII) aqtebma, e.i. krebis yvela sxdomis detalurma stenografiulma oqmebma, TavisTavad dasva sakiTxi maTi warmoSobis mizezebis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad azrTa sxvadasxvaobisa unda virwmunoT, rom nikeis I da konstantinepolis II msoflio krebebs aseTi aqtebi

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ar SeudgeniaT, radgan Cvenamde moRweul wyaroebSi maTi kvali ar aris. fiqroben, rom aqtebis Sedgenis tradiciisaTvis safuZveli efesos III msoflio krebas unda Caeyara. saqme isaa, rom efesos kreba daiwyo da damTavrda ganxeTqilebiT. efesoSi paralelurad ori, erTmaneTis mowinaaRmdegeTa, kreba moqmedebda. pirveli _ nestorianobis mowinaaRmdegeTa kirile aleqsandrielis meTaurobiT, xolo meore _ nestoris damcvelTa, ioane antioqielis TavmjdomareobiT. orive mxare cdilobda mowinaaRmdegis damarcxebas da imperatoris mxardaWeris mopovebas, amitom TiToeuli maTgani awarmoebda TavianTi krebis sxdomebis mimdinareobis Caweras da agzavnida konstantinopolSi, imperatoris samsjavroze. Cvenamde moRweul msoflio krebis pirvel aqtebs swored imperatorisadmi kirile aleqsandrielis mier gagzavnili Canawerebis krebuli warmoadgens.1 efesos krebis mier gansakuTrebuli viTarebis gamo Sedgenilma aqtebma udidesi samsaxuri gauwia istorias – safuZveli daudo momdevno msoflio krebaTa aqtebis Sedgenas.2

marTlmadidebluri eklesia aRiarebs 7 aseT msoflio krebas, romelTac sul mokled SevexebiT.

nikeis pirveli msoflio kreba. pirveli qristianobis istoriaSi msoflio kreba warmoadgens umagaliTo da udides movlenas saeklesio cxovrebaSi. pirveli sami saukunis ganmavlobaSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis devnis gamo adgilobriv eklesiaTa gaTiSulobis epoqaSi nikeis kreba iqca im faqtorad, romelmac safuZveli daudo qristianuli centralizmis Camoyalibebas.

nikeis krebam, rogorc pirvelma umaRlesma sakanonmdeblo organom, gadasinja saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi faqtiurad izolirebul adgilobriv eklesiebSi Camoyalibebuli tradiciebi, Tavisi uflebamosilebiT daamtkica misaRebi Cveulebebi, xolo qristianuli sarwmunoebisaTvis Seurigebeli adaT-wesebi ukuagdo, gaarkvia da naTeli gaxada zogierTi disciplinaruli da ritualuri bundovanebani.

nikeis krebam Seadgina qristianuli sarwmunoebis pirveli rwmenis simbolo _ samebis dogmati, romelic safuZvlad daedo qristianuli sarwmunoebis dogmatikas.

nikeis krebis dadgenilebani da saeklesio kanonebi saxelmZRvanelo da samagaliTo norma gaxda Semdegdroindel msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa saqmianobisaTvis.

I msoflio kreba Sedga biTviniis mTavar qalaq nikeaSi3 325 wlis maisSi konstantine didis brZanebiT, rac emyareboda marTlmadidebluri msoflios

1 msoflio krebaTa aqtebis Svidi tomi, Targmnili laTinuridan, gamocemulia yazanis universitetis mier: Деяния Вселенских соборов, т.I-VII, Казань, 18592 А.П. Лебедев, О происхождении актов вселенских соборов, 1904, стр. 253 rogorc fiqroben, Tavdapirvelad ganzraxva iyo aseTi krebis ankviraSi mowveva. am krebisa da saerTod msoflio krebaTa dogmatikuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb ix. А.П. Лебедев, Вселенские соборы, т. I-II, СПБ, 1901

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episkoposTa Txovnas aseTi krebis mowvevis Sesaxeb, radgan am dros warmoSobilma arianulma moZRvrebam1 sagrZnoblad Searyia marTlmadidebluri eklesiis safuZveli.

krebam, romelsac 300-mde episkoposi eswreboda,2 ariozi da misi momxreebi, romelTac ar aRiares danaSauli, gankveTa eklesiidan. umTavresi sakiTxis garda, krebam sabolood daadgina aRdgomis dResaswaulis aRniSvnis yvela qristianisaTvis savaldebulo dRec. agreTve, gaarkvia egvipteli episkoposis, melites gandgomilebis sakiTxi da kanongareSe gamoacxada igi.3

dasaxelebuli sakiTxebi krebis iuridiuli saqmianobis farglebs scildeba da am krebis mier bolo sxdomaze SemuSavebul me-20 disciplinarul saeklesio kanonSi ar aisaxa (Tumca melites sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT unda iyos gamotanili 20 kanoni, romelic ganzogadebulia).

nikeis krebis Sesaxeb mravali wyaro arsebobs, magram ar SeiZleba maT erTnairi mniSvneloba mieniWos krebis istoriis gasaTvalisiwneblad. bevri ram pirveli msoflio krebis Sesaxeb daiwera ara istoriuli, aramed praqtikuli, umetesad polemikuri mizniT. amas ar SeiZleba kvali ar daemCnia wyaroebisaTvis, radgan praqtikuli miznebi gavlenas axdendnen Txrobis sisruleze da obieqturobaze. yuradRebis gareSea datovebuli zogierTi istoriuli mniSvnelobis detali, zogic calxmrivad da tendenciurad aris gaSuqebuli.4

eWvi ar aris, nikeis I msoflio krebis mier dadgenili 20 saeklesio kanonis WeSmaritebaSi, romelTa teqstma Cvenamde Tavdapirveli saxiT moaRwia, xolo arianobis, aRdgomisa da melites Sesaxeb sarwmuno wyaroebiT nikeis krebis Tanamedrove avtorTa SromebiTaa cnobili.

konstantinepolis meore msoflio kreba. nikeis krebam, marTalia, sastiki ganaCeni gamoutana arianul moZRvrebas, magram arianoba mainc sicocxlisunariani aRmoCnda. is safuZveli gaxda iseT axal moZRvrebaTa warmoSobisaTvis, rogoric iyo makedonianizmi, anu naxevradarianizmi, sabelianizmi, markelianizmi, evnumianizmi, apolinarizmi, fotianizmi da sxv., romelTac gavrceleba moipoves aRmosavleTis sxvadasxva eklesiaSi. arianobisa da misi monaTesave

1 ariozi ar cnobda qristeSi RvTaebriv bunebas da mama RmerTTan qristes Tanaarsobas.2 nikeis I msoflio krebis monawileTa zusti ricxvi cnobili ar aris. krebis monawile evsebi kesarieli (Жизнь Константина, кн. III, гл.8), evstaTi antioqieli (Θеодорит, Церк. Ист. кн. I, гл.8) da aTanase aleqsandrieli (Твор., ч. II, стр.313, mini, t.25, gv.428) daaxloebiTac ver gviCveneben igiveobas am ricxvis aRniSvnaSi (Sesabamisad – 250-ze meti, daaxleobiT 270, daaxloebiT 300). am krebis monawileTa tradiciulad SemuSavebuli 318 ricxvi simboluri unda iyos da exmaurebodes bibliis siuJets.3 episkoposi melite ar cnobda petre aleqsandrielis memkvidreebs aleqsandriis saeklesio kaTedraze da Tavi provinciis mTavar episkoposad gamoacxada, risTvisac gaasamarTla nikeis krebam.4 dawvrilebiT ix. Смирнов К., Обозрение источников истории первого вселенского Никейского собора, Ярославль, 1888. agreTve, Деяния вселенских соборов, I, Казань, 1859.

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moZRvrebebis gavrcelebas xeli Suwyo konstantine didis memkvidris, konstantis arianobisadmi simpatiebma. dasaxelebul moZRvrebaTagan marTlmadidebluri eklesiisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saSiSi makedonianizmi iyo, radgan is emyareboda am moZRvrebis mamamTavris, makedoniosis (konstantinepolis mTavrepiskoposi 342-346ww.) avtoritets.

dasaxelebul moZRvrebaTa winaaRmdeg radikaluri zomebis miRebis saWiroebam gansazRvra meore msoflio krebis mowvevis aucilebloba. Tumca krebis saswrafod mowvevis saWiroebaSi aranaklebi roli Seasrula gadaudebelma saorganizacio sakiTxebma, romlebic ZiriTadad konstantinepolis saeklesio kaTedras exeboda. sakiTxi rom naTeli iyos, mokled SevexebiT am krebis istorias: 379w. grigol nazianzelma konstantinepolis kaTedra daiWira. manamde is formalurad sasimiis episkoposad iTvleboda. grigolTan daaxloebulma maqsimem, warmoSobiT aleqsandrielma, petre aleqsandrielis daxmarebiT, romelsac undoda, rom konstantinepolis kaTedraze Tavisi erTguli kaci hyoloda, moindoma kaTedris daWera. farulad moxda kidec es kurTxeva petre aleqsandrielis mier sagangebod gamogzavnili ori egvipteli episkoposis monawileobiT. am incidentma xalxSi da saeklesio wreebSi aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia da maqsime gaaZeves. konstantinepolis meore msoflio krebaze, romelic Teodosi imperatoris brZanebiT 381 wels Seikriba 150 episkoposis monawileobiT, wamoiWra rigi sakiTxebisa, romelTagan ramdenime zemoaRniSnul incidentTan iyo dakavSirebuli: 1) maqsimes xeldasxma krebam ukanonod scno, rac aisaxa kidec am krebis meoTxe kanonSi; 2) akrZala ramdenime provinciis episkoposis Careva sxva olqis saeklesio sakiTxebSi (albaT, petre aleqsandrielis Sesaxeb) – me-2 kanoni; 3) kanonierad flobs Tu ara konstantinepolis kaTedras grigol nazianzeli, radgan nikeis me-15 kanoni krZalavs episkoposis erTi kaTedridan meoreze gadasvlas. es sakiTxi krebis monawileebis azrTa sxvadasxvaobis sababi gaxda. krebam jer daamtkica grigolis kandidatura konstantinepolis kaTedraze. rodesac krebis Tavmjdomaris – meleti antioqielis gardacvalebis Semdeg grigolma daikava es posti, kreba amboxebul krebulad iqca da amis mizezi meletis memkvidris arCevis sakiTxi gaxda. krebis monawileTa umravlesoba moiTxovda, rom aRmosavleTis eklesiis am upirveles kaTedraze ar asuliyo pavle, dasavleTis eklesiis warmoamdgeneli, radgan aRmosavleTis eklesiis uflebebi ufro mizanSewonilad miaCndaT. grigoli ki dasavleTis winaSe daTmobaze midioda. grigolis avtoriteti sagrZnoblad Seirya. man gadawyvita daetovebina krebac da konstantinopolic, magram xalxis survilma da krebis avtoritetul wevrTa mxardaWeram gadaaTqmevina es gadawyvetileba. axali ganxeTqileba daiwyo krebaze egvipteli (timoTe aleqsandrielis meTaurobiT) da makedonianeli episkoposebis Camosvlis Semdeg. maT gaaRvives Zveli

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uTanxmoebani da gaaprotestes grigolis konstantinepolis kaTedraze arCevis gadawyvetileba, nikeis me-15 kanonis safuZvelze.

sakiTxis saboloo gadaWramde grigoli gamovida krebaze da mtkiced uari Tqva kaTedraze, warmoTqva Tavisi cnobili sityva1 da datova konstantinopoli. kaTedraze dasves samoqalqo piri – konstantinepolis pretoris movaleobis Semsrulebeli nektari, romelic TviT imperatoris kandidatura iyo. nektari gaxda am krebis rigiT mesame Tavmjdomare.

krebaze marTlmadidebelTa garda mowveulni iyvnen makedonieli epirkoposebic. es iniciativa grigol nazianzels ekuTvnoda, romelic fiqrobda am naxevrad arianelTa Semorigebas. es mizani hqonda Teodosi imperatorsac, radgan saxelmwifos Zlierebis sakiTxi didad iyo damokidebuli eklesiis erTianobaze. magram rwmenis simbolos sakiTxSi ar moxerxda SeTanxmeba da maT datoves kreba. albaT, krebis mier dogmatikis sakiTxebSi miRweuli Sedegebi saxarbielo ar iyo da aman gamoiwvia imeratoris 383w. aqti,2 romelic mwvaleblebis sastik devnas acxadebda.

14-titlovani nomokanonis berZnul xelnawerebsa da gamocemebSi, agreTve am Zeglis sxva enebze TargmanebSi konstantinepolis meore msoflio krebis Svidi kanoni miewereba. arc erTi istorikosi, romelic ki am krebas Sexebia, ar asaxelebs kanonTa ricxvs, xolo Tu laparakia kanonTa Sinaarsze, msjeloba mxolod pirvel oTx maTgans gulisxmobs. qalkidonis meoTxe msoflio krebaze meore msoflio krebis kanonebi waikiTxes saerTo saTauriT `συνοδικόν της δεύτερας συνοδου”, kanonebad dayofis gareSe da ara ise, rogorc nikeisa da antioqiis krebaTa kanonebis wakiTxvis dros.

aseTi faqtebis safuZvelze fiqroben, rom am krebis dadgenilebaTa kanonebad dayofa gviandeli movlena unda iyos. yovel SemTxvevaSi, konstantinepolis II msoflio krebis dRes cnobili kanonebidan yvela erTnairi siZvelisa ar unda iyos. am eWvs aZlierebs Semdegi: iovane sqolastikosis (VIs.) 50 titlovan krebulSi II msoflio krebis mxolod eqvsi kanonia Setanili, magram iovanes, rogorc Cans, eWvi epareboda me-6 kanonis am krebisadmi kuTvnilebaSi, radgan krebis monawileTa xelismowerebi me-5 kanons mosdevs, xolo me-6 kanoni xelismoweraTa Semdeg erTvis. uZveles laTinur TargmanSi, romelbic 500w. maxloblad Sesrulebulia dionise mciris mier, II msoflio krebis mxolod pirveli oTxi kanonia Setanili, rac aseTive Sedgenilobis berZnul dedans unda gulisxmobdes. safiqrebelia, rom me-5 da me-6 kanonebi konstantinepolis 382w. adgilobriv krebaze unda SeedginaT da Semdeg daematebinaT II msof. krebis kanonebisaTvis, miT umetes, rom es adgilobrivi kreba TiTqmis II msoflio

1 Деяния вселенских соборов I, стр.229-2622 Pitra, II

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krebis gagrZelebas warmoadgenda. ufro gviandeli unda iyos me-7 kanoni. 14-titlovan nomokanonamde es kanoni ar gvxvdeba arc erT Zvel kanonikur krebulSi. dasaxelebuli kanoni zustad aris ganmeorebuli VI msof. krebis 95 kanonSi, II msoflio krebis kanonze miuTiTeblad. II msoflio krebis me-7 kanoni sityvasityviT emTxveva 14-titlovani nomokanonis zogierT nusxaSi (agreTve `did sjuliskanonSi”) Setanil antioqiis episkoposis martvirisadmi konstantinopolidan (daax. 459w.) gagzavnil epistoles da, rogorc fiqroben, warmoadgens am epistolis Semoklebul variants (epistoleSi metia Sesavali).

meore msoflio krebis kanonebidan mniSvnelovania me-3 kanoni, romelSic pirveladaa dasmuli konstantinepolis saeklesio kaTedris upiratesobis sakiTxi aRmosavleTis sxva kaTedrebTan SedarebiT da romis eklesiasTan gaTanabrebis cda, romelic momdevno saukuneebSi kidev ufro gaRrmavda. es tendencia, gamowveuli konstantinepolis imperiis aRmosavleT nawilis dedaqalaqad gadaqcevis gamo, ufro Zlieri aRmoCnda, vidre saukuneebiT ganmtkicebuli saeklesio tradiciebi saeklesio ierarqiis sakiTxSi.

3. efesos mesame msoflio kreba. meore msoflio krebis mowvevidan ormocdaaTi wlis Semdeg qristologiis gadaudebelma sakiTxebma moiTxova axali, rigiT mesame msoflio krebis mowvevis aucilebloba. qristianobis wiaRSi Vs. I naxevarSi gamoCnda axali eretikuli moZRvreba nestorianobis saxelwodebiT, romlis mamamTavari antioqiis erT-erTi monastris berobidan imperator Teodosi II mier konstantinepolis patriarqad aRzevebuli nestori (428-431ww.) iyo. dedaqalaqis mcxovreblebi nestoris xeldasxmas didi sixaruliT Sexvdnen, radgan maT axsovdaT am kaTedraze iovane oqropiris mosvla imave antioqiidan. marTlmadidebluri eklesiis erT-erT udides kaTedraze ayvanam nestors saSualeba misca Tavisi moZRvreba mowrmuneTa farTo auditoriis winaSe eqadaga (pirvelad man es anastasi mRvdels miando, romelic nestorTan erTad antioqiidan movida), ramac sul male qristianul samyaroSi SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia. mesame msoflio krebis mowvevis iniciatori da nestorianobis winaaRmdeg brZolis meTauri aleqsandriis patriarqi kirile aleqsandrieli (+444w.) iyo.

kirile aleqsandrielisa da romis papis kelestines cdam, nestori daeyoliebinaT Tavisi moZRvrebis nebayoflobiT uaryofaze, nayofi ar gamoiRo.1

1 kiriles da nestors Soris mimoweridan sayuradReboa kiriles bolo epistole nestorisadmi, romelsac bolos 12 punqtiani anaTema erTvis. es dokumenti, romelmac didi kamaTi gamoiwvia, sabolood daamtkica efesos krebam da igi aRiarebul iqna nestorianobis winaaRmdeg brZolis saxelmZRvanelo programad da efesos krebis mier miRebuli rwmenis simbolos erT-erT wyarod (am masalis qarTuli Targmani gvaqvs A-266, S-1463 xelnawerebSi).

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imperator Teodosi meoris brZanebiT msoflio kreba 431w. ivnisSi efesos RvTismSoblis taZarSi dainiSna. mesame msoflio kreba, romelsac 200 meti episkoposi eswreboda, 22 inviss gaixsna da imave wlis 31 ivliss gamarTa Tavisi meSvide, ukanaskneli sxdoma. krebas Tavmjdomareobda kirile aleqsandrieli, romelsac am krebaze romis papis kelestines xmac hqonda, radgan krebaze Tavidan romis papis legatebi ar eswrebodnen – isini gacilebiT gvian Camovidnen efesoSi. krebam pirvelsave sxdomaze samjer gaugzavna mowveva nestors, romelic efesoSi sagangebo dacviT iyo Camosuli, magram igi ar gamocxadda. krebam pirvelsave sxdomaze dagmo nestoris mwvalebluri moZRvreba da igi eklesiisgan gankveTa. nestoris gankveTidan 5 dRis Semdeg efesoSi Camovida iovane antioqieli mitropolitTa da episkoposTa didi amaliT, kerZo saxlSi gaxsna damoukidebeli kreba, romelsac Tavisi momxre 43 episkoposi eswreboda da uaryo kirile aleqsandrielis TavmjdomareobiT mowveuli krebis kanoniereba, xolo kirile aleqsandrielsa da efesos episkopos memnons apolinaruli mwvaleblobis qadageba daswama da isini eklesiisgan gankveTa.

kiriles momxreTa dasacavad efesoSi papis 3 legatic Camovida, romlebmac xeli moaweres efesos didi krebis mier nestoris winaaRmdeg gamotanil dadgenilebebs. iovane antioqiels samjer gaegzavna mowveva krebaze dasaswrebad, raTa mas kirilesa da memnonisadmi wamoyenebuli braldeba sajarod, krebis winaSe daemtkicebina, magram igi ar gamocxadda im motiviT, rom es kreba SeTqmulTa TviTnebur krebad miaCnda.

mesame msoflio krebam Tavis mexuTe sxdomaze (17 ivliss) iovane antioqieli kirilesa da memnonis SeuracxyofisaTvis Tavis momxre episkoposebTan erTad gankveTa.

aseTi areulobisa da aurzauris gamo, imperatorma efesoSi didebuli iovane gamogzavna brZanebiT, rogorme moerigebina mowinaaRmdege mxareebi. iovanem patimrobaSi aiyvana kirile, memnoni da nestori, radgan Serigebis cdam uSedegod Caiara. konstantinepolis mrevlma imperators epistole gaugzavna kirilesa da memnonis dasacavad. gandegili dalmatic, konstantinepolis samonazvno cxovrebis erT-erTi gamoCenili avtoritetTagani, Tavis samyofelidan 48 wlis ganmavlobaSi pirvelad gamovida da didi amaliT gaemarTa imperatoris karisaken kirilesa da memnonis dasacavad. imperatorma gadawyvita efesodan gamoewvia 8-8 delegati TiToeuli banakidan da piradad gadaeWra es sakiTxi. Sexvedra qalkedonSi Sedga. imperatorma xuTjer mousmina orive mxares da darwmunda kiriles TavmjdomareobiT Sekrebili krebis simarTleSi. man kiriles momxre deputatebi konstantinopolSi miiwvia da aarCevina konstantinepolis axali patriarqi maqsime, xolo manamde nestors brZaneba gaugzavna, dabrunebuliyo imave monasterSi, saidanac is gamoiwvia. kirile aleqsandrieli didi pativiT

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dabrunda aleqsandriaSi, xolo iovane antioqielma gulwrfelad aRiara Tavisi danaSauli da kiriles Seurigda.

efesos krebis werilobiTi wyaroebis gacnoba naTels xdis am krebis did mniSvnelobas momdevno msoflio krebaTa istoriisaTvis. rogorc cnobilia, I da II msoflio krebaTa aqtebs Cvenamde ar mouRwevia da, rogorc mkvlevarTa umetesoba fiqrobs, arc arsebula, Tuki Cven `aqtebSi” vigulisxmebT ara marto krebaTa mier SemuSavebul kanonebs da krebasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnil masalas (mag.: sxavadsxva saxis epistoleebs, dadgenilebebs dogmis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT da sxv.), aramed krebis sxdomaTa srul, ase vTqvaT, stenografiul Canawerebs, rogoricaa III-VII msoflio krebaTa aqtebi. samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia azri, rom istoriisaTvis fasdaudebeli msoflio krebaTa aqtebis Seqmnis tradicias efesos krebam daudo saTave. im gansakuTrebul garemoebaTa Sedegad, romelSic am krebas uxdeboda muSaoba. kirile aleqsandrielma efesos msoflio krebis pirveli sxdomis damTavrebisTanave, romelzedac nestori gaasamarTles, saWirod cno Seetyobinebina imperatorisaTvis pirveli sxdomis mimdinareobisa da misi Sdegebis Sesaxeb; epistole mTavrdeboda Semdegi sityvebiT: `krebis saqmianobis sruli da naTeli warmodgenisaTvis [epistoles] vurTavT krebis aqtebs.1 es iyo pirveli nimuSi im masalisa, romlis analogiurma dokumentebma bolos Sedagina efesos msoflio krebis aqtebi, romelmac Tavis mxriv tradiciad aqcia msoflio saeklesio krebebze aqtebis Sedgenis aucilebloba. krebis danarCeni sxdomebis oqmebsac hqonda SeniSvnebi, rom yvelaferi es ecnobeba imperators.2 amasve akeTebda iovane antioqeli, rac Cans kirile aleqsandrielis sityvidan.3 rogorc Cans, Tavdapirveli mizani aseTi aqtebis Sedgenisa mowinaaRmdege mxareTa mier imperatoris winaSe sakuTari simarTlis damtkicebas iTvaliswinebda. kirile, rogorc Cans, imperatorisadmi gagzavnili aqtebis aslebs itovebda, albaT, imitom, rom vinmes TviTneburad ar Seesworebina dedani. amasTanave, is aslebs Tavis momxreebsac ugzavnida4 T. Mommsen erT-erT SromaSi,5 romelic romis senatis sxdomaTa oqmebis Sedgenis tradiciebs exeba, paralels avlebs msoflio krebaTa aqtebTan da gamoTqvams varauds, rom xom ar daiwyes msoflio krebaTa da, kerZod, efesos krebis aqtebis Sedgena romis senatis sxdomebis analogiiT. rusi kanonistis, a. lebedevis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT: `efesos saeklesio ganxeTqilebam didi samsaxuri gauwia

1 Деяния вселенских соборов, т.I, ст.2482 iqve, gv. 282, 286, 3563 iqve, gv. 2874 iqve, t. III, gv. 855 T. Mommsen , Römisches Stadsrecht, III, Leipz. 1888, 1015-1016

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istorias: rom ara es sarwmunoebrivi brZola, ar iqneboda es aqtebic da, SeiZleba, momdevno msoflio krebaTa aqtebic ki”.1

aRmosavluri eklesiis kanonikur krebulebSi efesos msoflio krebis 8 kanonia Setanili. pirveli eqvsi maTgani exeba ara disciplinarul sakiTxebs, rogorc Cveulebriv saeklesio krebaTa kanonebis absoluturi umaravlesoba, aramed sarwmunoebis dogmis sakiTxebs nestoris moZRvrebis dagmobasTan dakavSirebiT. meSvide kanoni danarCenebze adrea krebis mier gamotanili I sxdomaze, xolo danarCenebi krebis bolo sxdomaze. gamotanilia, marTalia, kerZo SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT, magram aqvs zogadi kanonis forma da exeba nikeis krebis mier dadgenil rwmenis simbolos Seucvlelad dacvas. meore kanoni kviprosis eklesiis avtokefaliis dacvas exeba da gamotanilia am eklesiis damoukideblobaze antioqiis eklesiis mier xelyofis cdis winaaRmdeg. mas kanonikuri mniSvneloba aqvs da amitomaa aRmosavlur kanonikur krebulebSi Setanili krebis epistole pamfiliis eklesiis mimarT, pamfiliis episkoposobidan evstaTis gadadgomis gamo. zogierT marTlmadideblur kanonikur kodeqsSi (slaur “Кормчая книга”-Si da ruminulSi) es epistole me-9 kanonadaa Setanili, xolo umetesobaSi ki _ rogorc krebis epistole. dionise mciris laTinur krebulSi da dasavleTis sxva kanonikur krebulebSi Setanilia efesos krebis mxolod pirveli eqvsi kanoni, xolo ori bolo kanoni krebis epistoliTurT laTinur krebulebSi aRar Seitanes, albaT, radgan kerZo sakiTxebs exeba.

efesos krebis aqtebSi krebis mier gamotanili kanonebi erTvis krebis epistoles, mimarTuls yvela qristianuli provinciisa da qalaqis yvela sasuliero pirisadmi da morwmunisadmi, romelic mTavrdeba sityvebiT: `vauwyebT Tquensa siwmidesa da siyuarulsa, viTarmed...”, xolo pirveli kanoni sityvebiT: `ukueTu mitropoliti samTavroÁsaÁ gandga wmidisagan da msoflioÁsa krebisa”... da epistoleSi, krebis aqtebis mixedviT, CamoTvlilia yvela is 43 episkoposi, romlebic iovane antioqielis meTaurobiT ganudgnen msoflio krebas da TavianTi kreba gaxsnes.

aTenis sintagmaSi am epistolis mxolod bolo nawilia moTavsebuli sityvebidan: `xolo vinaÁTgan wmidasa amas krebasa ver mowevnulTa”, xolo qarTul TargmanSi _ mTlianad, oRond episkoposTa saxelebis CamoTvlis gareSe da epistolec pirvel kanonTanaa SeerTebuli.

qalkedonis meoTxe msoflio kreba. Vs. pirvel naxevarSi warmoSobilma axalma moZRvrebam – monofizitobam, romlis ideologi frigiis qalaq dorileis monastris arqimandriti evtiqi iyo, kidev erTxel SeaSfoTa marTlmadidebluri qristianuli eklesia.

1 А. Лебедев, О происхождении актов вселенских соборов, Св. тройц. Сергиева Лавра, 1904, стр.25

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am moZRvrebis Sesaxeb cnobili gaxda konstantinepolis erT-erT adgilobriv krebaze, romelic Teodosi II mciris mefobaSi flaviane konstantinepolelis TavmjdomareobiT, efesos krebidan 8-10 wlis Semdeg Sedga. episkoposma evsebi dorielma krebas acnoba mis eparqiaSi axali mwvalebluri moZRvrebis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb. krebam evtiqi moiwvia, raTa pirvelwyarodan SeetyoT am moZRvrebis arsi. magram arqimandriti TviTon ar gamocxadda, misi ideebis damcvelad krebas ewvia meore arqimandriti abrami. krebis daJinebiTi moTxovnis Sedegad evtiqi iZulebuli gaxda mowveva mieRo, Tumca manamde izruna imperatorTan daaxloebuli pirebis mfarvelobis moepovebaze. evtiqi krebam mainc gankveTa da aukrZala yovelgvari urTierToba marTlmadideblur eklesiasTan. evtiqis saCivarma, rom misi gankveTa mxolod flabiane konstantinopolelis piradi mtrobis Sedegia, romis papis – leon didis reaqcia ar gamoiwvia. samagierod imperatorma yurad iRo evtiqis Txovna da msoflio krebis mowvevis Tadarigs Seudga. 449w. efesoSi Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelsac msoflio krebis roli unda eTamaSa, magram Tavisi Zaladobisa da ukanonobis gamo sabolood ,,yaCaRuri” krebis saxelwodeba daimkvidra. evtiqis mfarvelma dioskore aleqsandrielma, kiriles memkvidrem aleqsandriis kaTedraze, SeiaraRebuli meomrebisa da evtiqis momxreTa damxarebiT krebis monawileebs xeli moawerina sufTa pergamentze, romelzedac Semdeg evtiqis gamarTleba da flabiane konstantinepolelis gankveTa unda SeetanaT. borkildadebul flabianes TviT dioskorem cemiT suli amoxada. romis papisa da saeklesio wreebis aRSfoTebis miuxedavad Teodosi imperatorma, intrigebis qselSi gaxveulma, oficialuri ediqtiT daadastura flabianesadmi gamotanili ganaCeni da efesos ,,yaCaRuri” kreba nikeis msoflio krebis Tanasworad gamoacxada.

Teodosis gardacvalebis Semdeg markiane imperatoris mxardaWeriT da leon didis, romis papis, TaosnobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda qalkedonis meoTxe msoflio krebis mowveva aRniSnuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis mizniT. kreba 451w. 8 oqtombers gaixsna anatoli konstantinepolelis TavmjdomareobiT da 630 episkoposis monawileobiT. krebam gamoaaSkarava evtiqis monofizituri moZRvrebis eretikuli xasiaTi da mis mfarvel dioskore aleqsndrielTan erTad is eklesiidan gankveTes.1

qalkedonis krebam umTavresi sazrunavis damTavrebis Semdeg bevri kerZo da saorganizacio sakiTxi gadaWra, romelTa Soris umniSvnelovanesi disciplinaruli kanonebis dadgena iyo. krebis me-15 sxdoma specialurad am sakiTxs mieZRvna da 27 kanoni Camoayaliba. kanonTa es ricxvia Setanili ioane sqolastikosis 50 titlovan kanonikur krebulSi. XIV titlovani krebulis I redaqciaSi krebis aqtebidan 28-e kanoni daumata, romelic aRrmavebs II msoflio

1 t. III, gv. 192

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krebis me-3 kanons konstantinepolis kaTedris romis eklesiasTan Tanabari uflebebis Sesaxeb. 14-titlovani nomokanonis saboloo redaqciaSi ki (umetesad daunomravad) am krebis kanonebs kidev ori amonaweri daemata krebis meoTxe sxdomis aqtebidan. zogierT nusxebSi es damatebani 29-e da 30-e kanonebadaa danomrili.

konstantinepolis mexuTe msoflio kreba. efesos meore msoflio krebis mier miRebulma zomebma nestorianuli moZRvrebis Zirfesvianad aRmofxvra ver SeZlo. nestoris mimdevrebma, romelTac msoflio krebis dadgenilebiT da imperatoris ediqtiT TavianTi moZRvris Txzulebebis gavrcelebisaTvis sasikvdilo ganaCeni emuqrebodaT1, sxva xerxs mimarTes: maT daiwyes gavrceleba iseTi Txzulebebisa, romlebic nestorianul azrebs Seicavdnen. upirveles yovlisa nestorianuli azrebis gavrcelebas xeli Seuwyo Teodore momfsvestelis Txzulebebma. Teodore nestoris ufrosi Tanamedrove da maswavlebeli iyo. jer kidev efesos msoflio krebam dagmo Teodore momfsvetelis mier Sedgenili rwmenis simbolo2, romelsac igi nikeis simbolos mixedviT Sedgenilad asaRebda, da am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi meSvide kanoni gamoitana3, magram misi moZRvrebisa da pirovnebis Sesaxeb mas konkretuli dadgenileba ar gamoutania, albaT im motiviT, rom mas didi Rvawli miuZRoda evnomianosTa da apolinarTa moZRvrebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. rodesac nestorianelebma naxes, rom nestoris gankveTis Semdeg misi wignebi aikrZala, rom ar mospobiliyo wyaro, saidanac xalxs nestorianuli azrebis SeTviseba SeeZloT, daiwyes Teodore momfsvestelis nestorianuli ideebiT gaJRenTil TxzulebaTa gamocema da gavrceleba ara marto berZnulad, aramed siriul, somxur da sparsul enebze. meore avtori Teodore kriteli episkoposi iyo, romelmac kirile aleqsandrielis cnobil 12 anaTemas, mimarTuls nestoris moZRvrebis winaaRmdeg4, romelic efesos msoflio krebam daamtkica, daupirispira amdenive anaTema, mimarTuli kirile aleqsandrielis dogmaturi mrwamsis sawinaaRmdegod. qalkedonis krebam Tavis me-8 sxdomaze ganixila Teodores sakiTxi. Teodorem anaTema gamoucxada nestors, ramac ixsna is krebis mier SeCvenebisagan.5 mesame Txzuleba _ epistole, miwerili mari (an marina) sparsis mimarT, ekuTvnoda edesis episkoposs ivas, romelic Teodore

1 evtiqis moZRvrebas didi rezonansi hqonda. aleqsandrielma monofizitebma krebis damTavrebis Semdeg Tavisi patriarqi airCies da droTa ganmavlobaSi Camoayalibes kopturi eklesia (saxelwodeba kopturi enisagan modis, romelzedac RvTismsaxurebas isini asrulebdnen). somxuri eklesia dvinis 536w. krebaze gaemijna qalkedonis krebas. siriaSi da mesopotamiaSi monofizitebma miiRes iakobitebis saxelwodeba, iakob bardais (541-578ww.) saxelis mixedviT, romelmac maT seqtas Camoyalibebuli saxe misca (Остроумов М. dasax. naSromi, gv. 209).2 Деяния вселенских соборов. II т. стр. 492-494.3 iqve, t. I, gv,4 Pitra, I, gv. 517, qarT. teqsti, gv.5 Деяния, т. I стр.

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momfsvestels did saeklesio moRvawed da marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mamad acxadebda da Cirqs cxebda Tavis winamorbed episkoposs edesis kaTedraze, rauls, romelmac ivas sityvebiT, usamarTlod gamoucxada anaTema Teodores.

am epistolem mravali morwmune Teodore momfsvestisa da nestoris moZRvrebis mimdevari gaxada. am epistolis gamo episkopos ivas sakiTxi konstantinepolis patriarqis davalebiT gaarCia beritis adgilobrivma krebam da radganac ivam anaTema gamoucxada nestorsa da mis moZRvrebas, mas dautoves episkoposobis pativi. samagierod, sastikad dauwyes devna mas aleqsandriis patriarqma dioskorem da misma momxreebma, radgan misi moZRvreba ewinaaRmdegeboda evtiqis monofizituri moZRvrebis arss.

Tavisi kaTedridan efesos “yaCaRuri” krebis mier gandevnilma da dilegSi jdomiT gawamebulma ivam TxovniT mimarTa am dros Sekrebil-qalkedonis krebas, gaerCia misi sakiTxi. krebam ganixila beritis adgilobrivi krebis aqtebi da iva aRadgina Tavis uflebebSi, xolo dasaxelebuli epistolis Sesaxeb krebas ar gamoutania raime garkveuli dadgenileba, amitom am epistoliT bevri qristiani sargeblobda, ramac xeli Seuwyo masSi gatarebuli qristianuli dogmis sawinaaRmdego azrebis gavrcelebas.

swored dasaxelebul avtorTa Txzulebebis SemweobiT nestorianuli moZRvrebis xelaxali aRorZinebis mtkivneuli sakiTxi gaxda konstantinepolis msoflio krebis mowvevis sababi. mexuTe msoflio krebis aqtebidan naTelia, rom ZiriTadi sakiTxi, romlis irgvlivac mimdinareobda msjeloba, e.w. ,,sami Tavis” sakiTxi iyo. ,,sami Tavi” gulisxmobda swored zemoT dasaxelebul avtorebsa da maT Txzulebebs:

1. Teodore momfsvetelis TxzulebebSi gatarebul mwvaleblur azrebs, romelTa rezumirebuli Sinaarsi mis mier Camoyalibebuli rwmenis simboloSi iyo mocemuli.

2. Teodorite kritelis kirile aleqsandrielis nestorianobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli 12 anaTemis sawinaaRmdegod da gasabaTileblad dawerili 12 anaTema da sxva Txzulebani.

3. iva edeselis epistole mari (an marina) sparsis mimarT.mexuTe msoflio kreba Seikriba konstantinopolSi 553 wels imperator

iustiniane I-is brZanebiT. krebas Tavmjdomareobda konstantinepolis patriarqi evtiqi. krebam meoTxe da mexuTe sxdomebze imsjela Teodore momfsvetelsa da Teodorite kritelis Sesaxeb, xolo meeqvse sxdoma mTlianad iva edeselis dasaxelebuli epistolis ganxilvas miuZRvna. merve sxdomaze gamoqveynda ganaCeni: samive episkoposi miuxedavad imisa, rom isini didi xnis gardacvlilebi iyvnen, maTi Txzulebebi krebam SeaCvena da anaTema gamoucxada.

mexuTe msoflio krebas disciplinaruli kanonebi ar Seudgenia.

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6. konstantinepolis meeqvse msoflio kreba. qalkedonis meoTxe msoflio krebis mier SeCvenebuli (gankveTili) evtiqis monofizituri moZRvreba male wyaro gaxda axali mwvaleblobis warmoSobisa, romelic monoTelitobis saxeliTaa cnobili. axali moZRvreba kompromiss warmoadgenda monofizitebisa da diofizitebis Sesarigeblad. monofizitobis sawinaaRmdegod da diofizitebis msgavsad qristeSi ganxorcielebis Semdeg ori bunebis arsebobis daSveba, xolo monofizitebis msgavsad, da diofizitebis sawinaaRmdegod, qristeSi erTi nebisa da energiis aRiareba nakarnaxebi iyo ara marto religiur ganxeTqilebaTa aRmofxvris cdiT, aramed saxelmwifos mtkice politikuri erTianobis miznebiTac. SemTxveviTi araa, rom bizantiis imperatorTa mTeli Taoba (herakle, konstantine da konstanti 622-680ww.), herakledan dawyebuli konstantine pogonatis mefobis dasawyisamde, axali moZRvrebis mimdevarTa da aqtiur mebrZolTa rigebSi aRmoCnda.

qalkedonis krebam mizans ver miaRwia. evtiqis monofizituri moZRvreba ver aRmofxvra. piriqiT, qristianuli samyaro dapirispirebul or uzarmazar banakad iqca da qalkedonitTa da monofizitTa Soris gaafTrebuli brZola gaCaRda. qalkedonis krebis Semdeg monofizitTa iseTi Zlieri kerebis arseboba alqsandriaSi, siriaSi, somxeTSi da sxv. sruliad ar tovebda iseT STabeWdilebas, rom monofizitoba sasikvdilod ganwirul moZRvrebas hgavda. amitom gaxda saWiro unionaluri politikis gatareba rogorc religiuri, aseve politikuri xaziT. aseTi politikis Sedegi iyo monoTelituri moZRvrebis erT-erTi medroSis, kiros faziselis samyaros centrSi – aleqsandriaSi patriarqad da amave dros egviptis politikur ganmgeblad gadmoyvana imperator herakles mier. monoTelituri moZRvrebis mamamTavrad Teodore faraneli – monofiziti episkoposi iTvleba, xolo misi aqtiuri damcvelni da gamavrcelebelni iyvnen sergi konstantinepolis patriarqi, iakobitTa wreSi aRzrdili sirieli da kiros jer faziseli, Semdeg aleqsandrieli patriarqi, romelsac ekuTvnis 9 punqtisagan Sedgenili anaTema sarwmunoebis dogmis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.

qristianuli mrwamsis damcvelad maT winaaRmdeg gamodioda sofroni. jer kidev roca is beri iyo, man epistoleebiT mimarTa sergi konstantinepolelsa da kiros aleqsandriels, xolo roca ierusalimis patriarqi gaxda, moiwvia episkoposTa kreba, romelmac gamoaaSkarava monoTelitTa arsi da SeaCvena isini. sergim iCivla pap honoriusTan da sofrons axali eretikuli azrebis gavrceleba daabrala, romelic or nebasa da or moqmedebaSi gamoixateboda. papis gulgrili pasuxi sergis, kirosisa da sofronis mimarT, rac gamoixateboda moTxovnaSi, rom SeewyvitaT yoveli kamaTi axal sakiTxebze, gaxda sakmarisi, rom monofizitebs honoriusis saxeli maTi moZRvrebis damcvelis rolSi gamoeyenebinaT. sergi konstantinepolelis memkvidreebi am kaTedraze – pirosi, pavle da petre, iseve, rogorc imperator herakles memkvidreebi _ jer Svili konstantine da

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Semdeg SviliSvili konstanti monoTelitobis erTgulni darCnen. miuxedavad imisa, rom romis papis, martine I-is iniciativiT mowveulma lateranis krebam sastiki ganaCeni gamoutana ukve gardacvlil Teodore faranels, kiros aleqsandriels, sergi da piros konstantinepolelebs, agreTve cocxal pavle konstantinepolels (isini eretikosebad gamoacxada) da aRiara qristeSi ori neba da ori moqmedeba. konstanti imperatori aramarto sastikad gausworda monoTelitebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi papis mokavSires da damxmares, maqsime aRmsarebels da mis or TanamoRvawesTan, aramed TviT papi daapatimra da eqsoria uyo xersonSi, sadac mas xangrZliv da Seviwrovebul cxovrebaSi aRmoxda suli. konstantis mokvlis Semdeg taxtze asuli konstantine, pogonatad wodebuli, Tavisi winaprebis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebas Seudga: jer pap domnTan, xolo Semdeg mis memkvidre agaTonTan daiwyo molaparakeba monoTelitobis gasanadgureblad msoflio krebis mowvevis sakiTxze.,

meeqvse msoflio saeklesio kreba Sedga konstantinepolSi, samefo TaRebian palataSi 681 wels, romelsac agaTon papis 4 legatidan 3 Tavmjdomareobda.

meeqvse msoflio krebam anaTema gamoucxada monoTlituri moZRvrebis ukve didi xnis win gardacvlil beladebs: Teodore faranels, kiros aleqsandriels, sergi, piros, pavle da petre konstantinepolelebs da warmoidgineT romis pap honoriussac ki! da mTeli sisastikiT dagmo es moZRvreba. sxvaTa Soris, krebaze gamoaSkaravda antioqiis imdroindeli patriarqis makaris, monoTelituri midrekilebani, risTvisac is mis or mowafesTan, stefane da polixroni xucesebTan erTad gankveTili iqna. imperatorma konstantinem specialuri ediqtiT daamtkica krebis gadawyvetilebani.

meeqvse msoflio krebas disciplinaruli kanonebi ar Seudgenia. misi saqmianoba mxolod dogmatikis sakiTxebiT amoiwura. dogmatikis sakiTxebSi man qristeSi ori nebisa da ori moqmedebis dogma daakanona.

7. e.w. ,,trulis’ saeklesio kreba. mexuTe da meeqvse konstantinepolis msoflio krebaTa dRis wesrigi isev axal eretikul moZRvrebaTa winaaRmdeg brZolis programiT iyo Sevsebuli, oRond wina msoflio krebebisagan gansxvavebiT, maT saeklesio disciplinaruli kanonebi ar SeumuSavebiaT, dasaxelebul krebaTa saqmianoba wminda dogmatikuri sakiTxebis kvleva-ZiebiT amoiwureboda. magram qristianul eklesiaSi Seqmnili mdgomareoba msoflio krebis avtoritetiT Sedgenil iseT saeklesio kanonmdeblobas moiTxovda, romelic meoTxe msoflio krebis Semdeg saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mravalwaxnagovani krebebiT Seryeul saeklesio disciplinas ganamtkicebda, aRadgenda da daamtkicebda wina saukuneebis msoflio da umniSvnelovanes adgilobriv krebaTa kanonmdeblobas. swored am mizniT meeqvse msoflio krebis mowvevidan aTi wlis Semdeg, 691w., konstantinepolis samefo palatis TaRebian darbazSi (τρούλον) iustiniane II-is mefobis dros mowveuli iqna 227 episkoposisgan Semdgari saeklesio kreba,

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romelic samecniero literaturaSi ,,trulis” krebis saxels atarebs. Tumca uZveles wyaroebSive mas meeqvse msoflio krebis saxelwodebiTac ixsenieben, riTac xazgasmulia am ori krebis iuridiuli (da ara istoriuli) gaigiveba. marTlac, ,,trulis” kreba VI msoflio krebis organul gagrZelebas warmoadgens. ufro metic, ,,trulis” krebas zogjer mexuTe-meeqvse krebas uwodeben, radgan mas miaweren V-VI msoflio krebaTa mier saeklesio kanonmdeblobis sferoSi daSvebuli xarvezebis Sevsebas. amitomaa, rom trulis kreba VI msoflio krebisagan ver iqneboda aRiarebuli msoflio krebis uflebebSi.

trulis krebis mier gamotanil 102 saeklesio kanons aRmosavleTis qristianuli eklesiis istoriaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. krebam Caatara kanonikuri samarTlis wyaroebis revizia da ukuagdo erT-erTi aseTi wyaro, ,,mociqulTa dadgenilebebad saxelwodebuli (me-2 kanoni), daamtkica da praqtikuli gamoyenebisaTvis sanqcia misca manamde kerZo pirebis iniciativiT Sedgenil kanonikur krebuls, romelic samecniero literaturaSi 14-titlovani sintagmis, xolo Semdeg XIV titlovani nomokanonis saxelwodebiT aris cnobili da ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis prototips warmoadgens (me-2kan.). trulis krebam Seaswora da Seavso manamde arsebuli saeklesio kanonebis mTeli wyeba (14,16,25,29,30 da sxv.), gamosca axali kanonebi, romelTagan zogi mimarTulia romis (13,55,67,73,82) da zogi somxur (33,56) eklesiaTa Cveulebebisa da praqtikis winaaRmdeg.

dasavleTis eklesia ar cnobs ,,trulis” krebis yvela kanonis sakanonmdeblo Zalas, gansakuTrebiT im kanonebisa, romlebic romis eklesiis winaaRmdeg arian mimarTuli, agreTve romlebic samRvdelo pirTa qorwinebas exeba (mag. 30-e) da kidev, romlebic amtkiceben konstantinepolis eklesiis Tanabar uflebebs romis eklesiasTan (kan. 36-e). romis eklesia saerTod akritikebs ,,trulis” krebis mier mkacrad Camoyalibebuli ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis Sedgenilobas, radgan masSi, garda karTagenis krebis kanonebisa, araa Setanili dasavleTis eklesiis krebaTa arc erTi kanoni, xolo saeklesio moRvaweTa kanonebSi, garda aRmosavleTis eklesiis mamebisa, arcerTi romaeli mRvdelmTavrebisa da dasavleTis eklesiis moZRvarTa arcerTi kanoni.

8. nikeis meSvide msoflio kreba. qristianuli religiis istoriaSi ukanaskneli, rigiT meSvide msoflio saeklesio kreba e.w. xatmebrZoleobis winaaRmdeg Seikriba. kedrenis istoriis mowmobiT, xatmebrZoleobis eresiarxad vinme ebraeli, saxelad sarantahiqi aris dasaxelebuli, romelmac pirvelma STaagona arabTa mefe izidas, gaenadgurebina xatebi, rogorc kerpTayvanismcmelobis naSTi. axalma eretikulma moZRvrebam male pova gavrceleba da konstantine nakolieli episkoposisa da vinme vezeris STagonebiT imperatorma leon isavrielma sastiki omi gamoucxada xatTayanismcemlobas. man daarbia ara marto monastrebi da eklesiebi, aramed kerZo saxlebic da

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yvelgan mospo xatebi da sakulto skulpturuli gamosaxulebani. imperatori sastikad uswordeboda yvelas, vinc ki misi brZanebebis SesrulebaSi odnav winaaRmdegobasac ki gauwevda. iovane damaskels xatebis dasacavad dawerili TxzulebebisaTvis marjvena xeli mohkveTes, xolo qristianuli, tradiciuli dogmebis damcveli konstantinepolis patriarqi germane kaTedridan Camoagdes da mis magivrad kaTedraze imperatoris Tvalsazrisis gamtarebeli anastasi aiyvanes. saqmes ar uSvela arc grigoli papis mier romSi Sekrebilma krebam da mis mier imperatorisadmi gagzavnilma epistolem da arc papis anaTemam, arc imperatorisaTvis italiaSi xelisuflebis CamorTmevam (ra Tqma unda, papis mxolod formaluri dadgenilebiT).

leon isavrielis memkvidre konstantine, kopronimad wodebuli, mamaze Sors wavida xatebis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi. man konstantinepolSi moiwvia kreba, romelsac 300-ze meti episkoposi eswreboda. krebam gamoitana dadgenileba xatebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, rasac imperatoris ZaldatanebiT xeli moawera damswre episkoposTa nawilma, xolo vinc winaaRmdegi iyo, araadamianurad awames. konstantinepolis kaTedraze gardacvlili anastasis nacvlad xatmebrZoli konstantine beri airCies. krebam gankveTa da anatTema gamoucxada germane konstantinepolels, giorgi kviprelsa da ioane damaskels – xatTa Tayvaniscemis yvelaze ufro Tavgamodebul damcvelebs.

arc leon meoTxis xanmokle mefobas Seucvala raime – xatebis winaaRmdeg brZola mimdinareobda mTeli sisastikiT. mxolod misi gardacvalebis Semdeg taxtze asulma misma meuRlem irinem da Svilma konstantinem gadawyvites, sarwmunoebis es mtkivneuli sakiTxi msoflio krebaze ganxiluliyo. konstantinepolis patriarqma pavlem uari Tqva kaTedraze, rogorc codvilma, radganac man xeli moawera konstantine kopronimis mier mowveuli krebis dadgenilebebs xatebis mospobis Sesaxeb. amis gamo sasjeli unda moixados da nebayoflobiT epitimia daadvas Tavis Tavs romelime monasterSi ganmartoebiT. imperatorebma axlad arCeul tarasi konstantinepolels daavales msoflio krebis mowvevis Tadarigi.

romis pap adrianesadmi tarasis mier gagzavnili epistolis pasuxad man krebaze dasaswrebad Tavisi legatebi gamoagzavna konstantinopolSi. xatmebrZolebi, romlebic didi xania konstantinopolSi batonobdnen, Seudgnen xalxis amxedrebas mosalodneli krebis winaaRmdeg da droebiT mizansac miaRwies, kreba ramdenime xniT gadaido, xolo Semdeg gadawyda misi nikiaSi da ara konstantinopolSi mowveva. kreba gaixsna 787 wlis 24 seqtembers da gagrZelda erTi Tve. krebis 8 sxdomidan 7 gaimarTa nikeaSi, tarasi konstantinopolelis TavmjdomareobiT, xolo bolo sxdoma konstantinopolSi _ imperatorTa monawileobiT da TavmjdomareobiT. wyaroTa Cvenebis safuZvelze, krebis monawile episkoposTa ricxvi meryeobs 330 da 367-s Soris. aRsaniSnavia, rom

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krebam didi humanuroba gamoiCina: visac xeli hqonda mowerili kopronimis mier mowveuli krebis dadgenilebebze xatebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb da amis Sesaxeb gulaxdilad ganacxada da Sewyaleba iTxova – yvelas epatia. warmoidgineT, rom bevri maTgani, romlebmac xucesisa da eposkoposobis pativi xatmebrZolTa seqtaSi yofnis dros miiRes, datovebuli iqnen TavanT xarisxSi, Tuki maT sxva raime danaSaulic ar hqondaT Cadenili.

krebam sayovelTaod aRadgina xatTayvanismcemloba da gankveTa mwvaleblobis eresiarxebi – konstantinepolis yofili patriarqebi – anastasi, konstantine da nikita. krebam garda ZiriTad dogmatikur sakiTxSi miRebuli dadgenilebisa, SeimuSava 22 disciplinaruli kanoni. aRmosavluri eklesiis yvela kanonikur krebulSi nikeis VII msoflio krebis kanonebis swored es ricxvia Setanili.

III. adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa kanonmdebloba

adgilobriv saeklesio krebebs, rogorc saeklesio sakanonmdeblo organos, gacilebiT ufro Zveli istoria aqvs, vidre msoflio krebas. es faqti did axsna-ganmartebas arc moiTxovs, radgan, rogorc zemoT iTqva, msoflio krebis mowveva SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod IV saukunis pirveli naxevris Semdeg, roca qristianobam oficialuri legaluri mdgomareoba moipova konstantine didis mier gamocemul milanis 312w. ediqtis safuZvelze, xolo manamde 3 saukunis ganmavlobaSi naxevrad aralegalur mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda da, miuxedavad amisa, am xnis ganmavlobaSi mainc moaswro TiTqmis sabolood Camoeyalibebina Tavisi iuridiul-organizaciuli saxe, raSic garkveuli roli iTamaSa am periodis adgilobriv krebaTa mier miRebulma kanonmdeblobamac.

adgilobrivi kreba eklesiis mudmivad moqmed periodul organos warmoadgenda, sawinaaRmdegod msoflio krebisa. mociqulTa kanonebSi da nikeis krebis kanonebSi naTlad Cans tradicia, rom TiToeul eparqias (ufro gvian mitropolias) weliwadSi orjer unda moewvia kreba mtkiced dadgenil vadebSi, xolo VII saukuneSi e.w. trulis 691 wlis krebam sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa wlis ganmavlobaSi mowvevis raodenoba erTamde daiyvana.

msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa sakanonmdeblo kompetenciaSi. jer erTi, msoflio kreba uflebamosili iyo Camoeyalebebina mTeli qristianuli samyarosaTvis savaldebulo sarwmunoebrivi dogmatis formula, xolo adgilobriv krebas aseTi formulis SemuSavebis ufleba ar hqonda. meorec, disciplinaruli kanonebis CamoyalibebaSic maT Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa: rogorc iTqva, msoflio krebis mier dadgenili disciplinaruli kanonebi savaldebuloa yvela qristianisaTvis, xolo adgilobrivi krebis kanonmdeblobas mxolod adgilobrivi, viwro eparqialuri

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mniSvneloba eniWeba. Tuki amis sawinaaRmdegod laparakobs ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsSi Setanili 10 adgilobrivi krebis kanonebi (ix. qvemoT), es mxolod imitom, rom am krebaTa kanonebma sayovelTao zogadqristianuli mniSvneloba miiRo mxolod msoflio krebaTa sanqciiT (ix. VI ms. kr. 2kn. VII ms.kr.).

rac Seexeba TviT kanonebis Sinaarss, msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa Soris gansxvaveba TiTqmis ar SeimCneva. ufro metic _ adgilobrivi krebis zogierTi kanoni, romelic eklesiis organizaciis sakiTxebs exeba, xSirad ufro mniSvnelovania (mag. antioqiis 34kan.), vidre msoflio krebis iseTi kanonebi, romlebic mxolod kerZo SemTxvevis gamo aris gamotanili (mag. III ms. krebis TiTqmis yvela kanoni)1 da piriqiT. adgilobrivi krebis kanonTa moqmedebis xangrZlivoba da moqmedebis sfero gacilebiT SezRudulia, radgan romelime konkretuli kanoni SeiZleba Seasworos an gaauqmos amave eparqiis momdevno adgilobrivma krebam.

adgilobriv krebaTa istoriis Zveli kanonisti mecnierebi iwyeben e.w. ierusalimis mociqulTa krebiT, romelic TiTqosda 46w. Sedga da Seadgina saeklesio kanonebi. sxva cnoba I-II saukunis adgilobriv krebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebmac saeklesio kanonebi Seadgines, qristianuli eklesiis istoriaSi cnobili ar aris.2 rogorc fiqroben, I-II saukuneebis saeklesio kanonmdebloba kmayofildeboda uZvelesi droidan momdinare tradiciuli anu CveulebiTi kanonmdeblobiT.3

pirveli adgilobrivi kreba, romelmac 2 kanoni ganawesa, aris karTagenis kreba episkopos agripines TavmjdomareobiT daaxloebiT 218-222ww.4 Tumca ucnobia krebis monawile episkoposTa raodenoba da agreTve krebis werilobiTi saqmianoba. am krebis Sesaxeb cnobilia mxolod kvipriane karTagenelis epistolidan kvintis mimarT. ufro meti cnobebia Semonaxuli adgilobriv krebaTa Sesaxeb TviT kvipriane karTagenelis moRvaweobis periodidan. es cnobebi ZiriTadad mis werilebSia daculi. 251 wlis karTagenis kreba, romelic ixilavda qristianobis devnis periodSi sxvadasxva codviT dacemul qristianTa sakiTxs, kviprianes mowmobiT, erT-erTi xalxmravali kreba yofila. krebas gamoutania dadgenilebebi, romelic gragnilis saxiT daegzavna karTagenis eklesiis eparqiebs. am gragnils Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.

1 Заозерский Н. Исторические обозрения источников права, М. 1891, 188.2 II sauk. adgilobrivi krebebidan Hefelle asaxelebs 17 adgilobriv krebas, romelTa Sesaxeb met-naklebadaa cnobebi Semonaxuli, Tumca romelime maTganis mier saeklesio kanonebis dadgenaze arsad miniSnebac ki ar aris. ix. Hefelle, Concilengeschichte, B. I, p. 81-93. 3 Заозерский Н. dasax. naSromi, gv. 114-115 4 Hefele, dasax. naSromi, It. gv. 94.

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255 wlis, isev kviprianes TavmjdomareobiT mowveuli, karTagenis krebis erTi kanoni krebis aqtebis fragmentiTurT aramarto dadasturebulia VI msoflio krebis me-2 kanonSi, aramed Setanilia 14-titlonomokanonis zogierT nusxaSi.1

(trapezundis nusxa, romelic safuZvlad udevs aTenis sintagmis gamocemas, SedarebiT gviandeli viTarebis amsaxveli Cans). dasaxelebuli kreba, romelsac 32 episkoposi eswreboda, agreTve karTagenSive Sekrebili ori adgilobrivi kreba 256w., romelTagan pirvels 71 episkoposi, xolo meores 87 episkoposi eswreboda, ZiriTadad ixilavda sakiTxs, Tu ramdenad sworia is saeklesio praqtika, romelsac isini misdevdnen eretikosebis da maT mier monaTluli mrevlis marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi xelaxla miRebisas monaTvlis dros, TavianTi eWvis Sesamowmeblad erTdroulad 18 episkoposma mimarTa kviprianes werilobiT, ramac gamoiwvia aRniSnuli krebis mowvevis saWiroeba. wina epoqaSi amgvar sakiTxebSi gasarkvevad rekomendebuli iyo, miemarTaT im uZvelesi eklesiis praqtikisaTvis, romelic mociqulTa mier daarsebulad iTvleboda. IIIs. meore naxevarSi aseTi saSualeba ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi. romis episkoposma stefanem kviprianes miuTiTa romis eklesiis Cveulebaze, romelic stefanes mtkicebiT mociqulTa gadmocemebs eyrdnoboda, razedac kviprianesgan aseTi pasuxi miiRo: ,,SeumCnevlad damkvidrebuli zogierTi Cveuleba ar unda warmoadgendes dabrkolebas WeSmaritebis gamarjvebisa da damkvidrebisaTvis, radgan Cveuleba WeSmaritebis gareSe mxolod Zveli cTomilebaa (,,заблуждение”)2.

IIIs.-is dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis eklesiaTa adgilobrivi krebebis Sesaxeb aseTi dawvrilebiTi cnobebi ar Semonaxula, magram am periodSi rom adgilobrivi krebebi Cveulebriv saeklesio organos warmoadgenda, romlebsac saeklesio organizaciisa da disciplinis sakiTxebze kanonebi gamohqondaT, es wyaroebis mixedviT naTlad dasturdeba. mag. kesaria - kappadukiis episkoposi kviprianes mimarT gagzavnil epistoleSi aRniSnavs: ,,ganvixileT ra es sakiTxi mTeli gulmodginebiT da sisruliT ikoniis krebaze, davadgineT, avkrZaloT yovelgvari naTliscema, romelic eklesiis gareT xdeba”3.

albaT, ikoniis krebis dasaxelebuli kanoni hqonda mxedvelobaSi basili dids, roca Tavis pirvel kanonSi ambobda: ,,sTnda pirvelTa mamaTa, kÂprianes vityÂ da firmilianes, Cuensa amaT yovelTÂs erTisa sazRvris ganCenaÁ”4. evsebi kesarieli gviambobs ra origenis xucad kurTxevis Sesaxeb, SeniSnavs: ,,Tu ra ganxeTqilebani moxda amis Semdeg da am ganxeTqilebaTa gamo Tu ramdeni kanoni

1 aTenis sintagma, t. III, gv. 2-6. ix. agr. Никодим, Талкование... gv. 25. gv. 26, SeniSvna 1.2 Творения св. Киприана, стр. 308.3 iqve, стр. 334. Hefele-s varaudiT es kreba 230-35ww. Sedga. ix. Concilengeschichte, t.l.s. 98.4 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 473, 30.

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daadgines eklesiaTa winamZRvrebma, yvelaferi amis gadmosacemad saWiro iqneboda specialuri wigni”1.

IV saukunis saeklesio kanonmdeblobaSi SemorCenili aSkara kvali gviCvenebs, rom IV da momdevno saukuneebma sakmaod sruli saeklesio memkvidreoba miiRo wina saukuneebidan. mag. ankviriis (314w.) 23 kanoni ambobs: ,,uneblieTisa kacis-kvlvisaTÂs pirveli ukve sazRvari (Πρώτερος όρος) SÂd brZanebas srulisa ziarebisa mimTxevasa”2. neokesariis (314-324ww.) krebis mesame kanoni adgens: ,,romelni mravalsa qorwiliTa Sina STavrdomil arian, Jami ukue gansazRvrebuli maTTÂs cxad ars”3. msgavsi miTiTebani blomad moipoveba nikeis krebisa da mis momdevno drois krebaTa kanonebSi, razedac sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT.

IV saukunidan dawyebuli, wyaroebi uxv masalas gvawvdian adgilobriv krebaTa Sesaxeb qristianuli samyaros sxvadasxva qveynebSi: saberZneTSi anu bizantiaSi, afrikaSi, italiis provinciebSi, espaneTSi, safrangeTSi anu galiaSi, britaneTSi, axlandeli germaniis qveynebSi da sxv.

Hefele-s Tavis “saeklesio krebaTa istoriaSi” IV saukunidan VI s. I naxevramde, imperator iustinianes gamefebamde, dasaxelebuli aqvs 58 adgilobrivi kreba, romlebsac saerTo jamSi 1129 kanoni SeumuSavebia4. adgilobriv krebaTa aseTi zRva masalidan mxolod umciresi nawili Sevida marTlmaidebluri eklesiis ZiriTad kodeqsSi. kodeqsis masala ZiriTadad gansazRvrulia VI msoflio krebis (trulis) me-2 kanoniT, sadac wina periodis msoflio krebaTa zogadqristianuli mniSvnelobis kanonTa Soris VI kreba aseTsave Zalasa da mniSvnelobas aniWebs 10 adgilobrivi krebis kanonebs, romelTagan rva aRmosavluri eklesiis krebebia, saxeldobr: ankviriis, neokesariis, Rangris, antioqiis, laodikiis, konstantinepolis 394w., konstantinepolis 861w. da konstantinepolis 879w., xolo ori dasavleTis _ sardikiisa da karTagenis. mokled SevexoT TiToeuli maTganis istorias.

1. ankviriis adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba. maqsimiane imperatoris (dioklitianes TanammarTveli) mefobis dros qristianTa devnis periodSi bevri morwmune SiSisa da Zaldatanebis gamo ganudga qristianobas, magram rogorc ki devna Sewyda da SedarebiT mSvidobiani periodi dadga, isev qristianobas moubrundnen da ixvewebodnen eklesiaSi miRebas. episkoposTa umravlesobisaTvis naTeli ar iyo, SeiZleboda Tu ara maTi xelaxla miReba, da Tu SeiZleboda, rogori wesiT unda momxdariyo yovelive es, gasaTvaliswinebeli iyo, Tu ara is garemoebani da mizezebi, romlebmac gamowvies maTi gandgoma. es sakiTxebi episkoposTa krebis msjelobis sagani unda gamxdariyo. erT-erTi aseTi kreba

1 Евсевий, церковная история, VI, 23, стр. 358.2 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 240.3 iqve gv. 241.4 Hefele, dasaxelebuli naSromi.

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moiwvies 314 wels ankviriaSi (galatelTa provincia), romelsac eswreboda mcire aziisa da siriis 18 episkoposi, Tavmjdomareobda vitali antioqieli.1 ankviriis adgilobrivma krebam ganixila zemoaRniSnuli sakiTxebi da daadgina 25 kanoni, romelTagan 1-9 da 12 exeba im mTavar sakiTxs, romelmac dasaxelebuli krebis mowveva ganapiroba, xolo danarCeni _ saeklesio disciplinis zogad sakiTxebs. dionise mciris krebulSi, agreTve sxva laTinur gamocemebSic ankviriis 4 da 5 kanonebi SeerTebulia da kanonTa saerTo ricxvi amis gamo 24-ia (ix. Pitra, I, 449). ankviriis krebis me-10 kanoni trulis krebam gaauqma Tavisi me-6 kanoniT (sasuliero pirTa qorwinebis Sesaxeb).

neokesariis kreba. krebis mowvevis TariRi zustad cnobili ar aris. kanonikur krebulebSi Setanil neokesariis krebis kanonebis saTaurSi aRniSnulia, rom kreba Sedga ankviriis krebis Semdeg da nikiis I msoflio krebaze adre. amasTanave, rogorc fiqroben, krebis Tavmjdomare yofila vitali antioqieli, romelic ankviriis krebas Tavmjdomareobda2, xolo 319 wels gardacvlila. amitom neokesariis krebis mowvevis TariRi 314-319ww. unda Semoifarglos.3

kreba, romelsac 24 episkoposi eswreboda, 15 disciplinaruli xasiaTis kanoni daaadgina. kanonikuri krebulebis yvela gamocemaSi neokesariis krebis kanonTa dasaxelebuli ricxvia mocemuli, xolo voelisa da iustelis mier gamocemul kodeqsebSi _ mxolod 14 (ar Cans 14 kanoni qorepiskoposTa Sesaxeb).

2. Rangris kreba. Rangris adgilobrivi krebis mowvevis ZiriTadi mizezi iyo sevastiis (somxeTSi) naxevrad arianeli episkoposis evstaTes da mis mimdevarTa qadageba sruli asketizmis sasargeblod. isini mouwodebdnen absoluturad uareyoT qorwineba, SeejavrebiaT xorciani saWmeli, ganekicxaT mdidrebi, romlebic mTel Tavis qonebas eklesias ar Seswiravdnen, ramac eklesiaSi uwesrigoba gamoiwvia.

IV saukunis Sua wlebSi, daaxloebiT 340 wels, mowveuli iqna adgilobrivi kreba RangraSi, paflaRoniis mTavar qalaqSi. krebis Tavmjdomare iyo evsebi nikomidieli, krebas 13 episkoposi eswreboda. krebam somxeTis episkoposebs (CamoTvlilia 14 saxeli) gaugzavna epistole (radgan evstaTi, romlis eretikul moZRvrebas kreba ixilavda, somxeTis erT-erTi provinciis episkoposi iyo), sadac aRniSnulia evstaTisa da mis mimdevarTa cdomileba. am epistoles erTvis 21 kanoni, romelTagan 20 estaTianelebis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli, xolo 21-e disciplinaruli kanonebis erTvar reziumes warmoadgens. voelisa da iustinianes gamocemaSi 20 kanonia Setanili. rogorc Cans, 21-e kanoni epistolis bolo nawiladaa gagebuli da epistolesTan erTad amoRebulia teqstidan. asevea

1 Harduini, Concil, coll, I, 269. Pitra, I, 448. Lefele I, 219.2 Hefele, I, 210.3 G. Voelli et N. Justelli, bibliotheca juris canonici…, Paris, 1661.

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,,кормчая книга”-Si, romelic sinoprisis mixedviTaa Sedgenili, amitom orivegan 20-20 kanonia – ar aris 21-e, bolo kanoni.

3. antioqiis kreba. antioqiis adgilobrivi kreba Seikriba 341w. krebis ZiriTadi mizani axlad aSenebuli eklesiis kurTxeva iyo, romelic konstantine didma daarsa, xolo daamTavra misma memkvidrem konstancim. wyaroTa arcTu zusti monacemebiT mas 100-mde episkoposi daswrebia1. krebas Tavmjdomareobda antioqiis episkoposi plaketi. krebis istoriuli mniSvneloba mainc im 25 disciplinarulma kanonma gansazRvra, romelic krebam gamoitana ZiriTadi misiis Sesrulebis Semdeg. unda SevniSnoT, rom antioqiis krebis kanonTa zogadqristianuli mniSvnelobis aRiareba ufro gvian moxda, vidre Rangris krebis kanonebisa, miuxedavad imisa, rom pirveli kreba qronologiurad win uswrebda meores. zogierTi kanonistis azriT,2 amis mizezi SeiZleba aixsnas krebis im saqmianobiT, rac mis mier dadgenil kanonSi ar aisaxa: saqme isaa, rom antioqiis krebam miiRo dadgenileba aTanase aleqsandrielis episkoposobis xarisxidan gankveTis Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans krebis monawileTa umravlesoba aTanasesagan gansxvavebul Tvalsazrisze idga dogmatis sakiTxze, romlebsac mogvianebiT naxevradarianelebi ewodaT.

asi wlis Semdeg, e.i. 451w. qalkedonis msoflio krebam antioqiis krebis kanonebs ,,wm. mamaTa kanonebi” uwoda da erTi sakamaTo sakiTxis gadasaWrelad am krebis or kanons (4 da 15) daeyrdno. magram kanonikur krebulebSi antioqiis krebis kanonebi qalkedonis krebis mowvevamde iyo Setanili da didi avtoritetiT sargeblobdnen ara marto aRmosavleTSi, aramed dasavleTis eklesiebSic.3

am or faqts Soris TvalsaCino winaaRmdegoba SeimCneva: rogor moxda, rom saeklesio krebam da eklesiis wminda mamebma naxevrad arianuli episkoposebis krebas, romelmac usamarTlod gankveTa aTanase didi, qristianuli eklesiis erT-erTi dauRalavi moamage da marTlmadidebluri dogmatis mtkice damcveli sxvadasxva eretikul mimdinareobasTan brZolaSi, ,,wminda mamebis kreba” uwodes da mis mier miRebuli kanonebi gautoles msoflio krebaTa kanonebsac ki? es gakvirveba Zlierdeba, rodesac vigonebT eklesiis didi moRvawis, iovane oqropiris sityvebs warmoTqmuls maSin, roca saeklesio kreba mas asamarTlebda da misi danaSaulis dasadastureblad miuTiTebda antioqiis krebis me-4 kanons: ,,es kanoni ar ekuTvnis Cven eklesias, aramed arianuls, radgan Seikribnen antioqiaSi, raTa moespoT rwmena erTarsebisa. arianelebma aseTi kanoni gamosces aTanases siZulvilis gamo”4.

1 krebis Cvenamde moRweul mokle aqtebSi xelismomwerebSi bevri Seusabamoba SeimCneva, Н. Заозерский, Историческое обозрение источников православной церкви, Москва, 1891, с. 145.2 М. Остроумов, dasax. naSr., gv. 189.3 Hefelle, dasax. naSr. I, 584-585.4 Сократ, Церковная история, VI, 18 (rusuli Targmani)

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da miuxedavad yovelive zemoTqmulisa, antioqiis krebis dasaxelebuli 25 disciplinaruli kanoni, romelic marTlac marTlmadidebluri eklesiis TvalsazrisiT arafers eretikuls ar Seicavs, mtkiced damkvidrda ZiriTad kanonikur krebulSi.

am faqtis axsna bevrma mecnierma scada. zogi maTgani (baroni da bini) fiqrobda, rom kanonebis Zvelma Semkreblebma SecdomiT Seitanes es kanonebi TavianT Sedgenil kanonikur krebulSi, radgan isini marTlmadidebluri krebis kanonebi egonaT da amiT xeli Seuwyves maT SemdgomSi gamoyenebas1. zogis azriT (Selstrateni), krebaze damswre vesebianelebma ver gabedes TavianTi Tavis gamoaSkaraveba marTlmadidebelTa simravlis gamo, magram roca krebam miiRo 25 kanoni da zogierTi dogmaturi sakiTxic gadawyvita da amis Semdeg daiSala, evsebianelebi adgilze darCnen, kostanci imperatoris mfarvelobiT gaagrZeles krebis msvleloba da gankveTes aTanasi aleqsandrieli. amitom antioqiis krebas dasawyisSi, marTlac, SeiZleba vuwodoT ,,wmida”, xolo meoreSi – arianuli, rogorc amas oqropiri aRniSnavs. es hipoTeza ufro maxvilgonivrulia, vidre istoriulad safuZvliani, radgan sokrati da sozomeni TavianT istoriebSi naTlad aRniSnaven, rom krebam jer kanonebi daadgina, mere aTanase gankveTa, xolo Semdeg Seadgina sami dogmaturi formula2. ase rom, krebis gagrZeleba mxolod fantaziis nayofia.

gamoiTqva varaudic, rom es kanonebi ekuTvnis ara 341w., aramed 332w.-is antioqiis krebas3. dasavleTis erT-erTi udidesi kanonistisa da qristianuli eklesiis istorikosis hefeles azriT, sakiTxs unda SevxedoT ara dRevandeli, aramed imdroindeli poziciebidan: umetesi wevri antioqiis krebisa marTlmadidebeli iyo da krebis mier gamotanili kanonebi samarTliani da misaRebia. magram aTanases sakiTxSi krebis wevrebi eretikuli ganzraxviT ki ar moqmedebdnen, aramed, marTalia, sxvaTa waqezebiT, magram TavianTi moqmedebis samarTlianobaSi darwmunebulni. hefeles aq mohyavs paraleli epifanesa da iovane oqropiris mtruli damokidebulebis Sesaxeb da aRniSnavs, rom rogorc epifanes Txzulebebi ar SeiZleba uarvyoT imis gamo, rom is devnida oqropirs, aseve ar SeiZleba uarvyoT antioqiis krebis kanonebi imis gamo, rom krebam, SesaZloa mcdari, magram sastiki ganaCeni gamoutana aTanases4. krebas 40 evsebianelebi (e.i. arianeli evsebi nikomidielis momxreebi) eswreboda. erT-erTi kanoni (me-12) specialurad aris gamogonili aTanases winaaRmdeg, romlis mixedviT krebis mier gankveTilma episkoposma unda mimarTos episkoposTa did krebas da ara

1 n. zaozerskis naSromis Историческое обозрение источников прав. церкви mixedviT, gv. 147.2 Sacrum Antiochenum concilium auctoritati suve brestitutum, Antwerp. 1681.3 n. zaozerskis dasax. naSromi, gv. 149.4 Hefele, dasax. naSr. II, gv. 585-613.

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saero xelisuflebas. am kanonis darRvevisaTvis episkoposi ar aRdgeba Tavis uflebaSi1 (aq gavixsenoT aTanases saqme, romelic konstantines memkvidris werilis safuZvelze aRdga Tavis uflebebSi). aleqsandriis kaTedraze dainiSna grigoli kapadukiidan. aTanasem epistoliT mimarTa yvela episkoposs, raTa axali episkoposis uzurpatoruli moqmedebis winaaRmdeg xma aemaRlebinaT, xolo TviTon roms gaemgzavra, sadac 50 episkoposisgan Semdgarma krebam is gaamarTla da aRadgina misi kavSiri eklesiasTan.2

samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia azri, rom antioqiis krebis kanonTa umetesoba mociqulTa kanonebis niadagzea Sedgenili, razedac Cven saubari gvqonda mociqulTa kanonebTan dakavSirebiT da amitom aq aRar gavimeorebT.

kanonikuri krebulebis gamocemebSi yvelgan erTnairi suraTia: Setanilia antioqiis krebis 25 kanoni (marTalia, voelis da iustelis gamocemaSi kanonebs win ara aqvs darTuli krebis epistole konstanti imperatorisadmi).

4. laodokiis kreba. laodikiis adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba Seikriba daaxloebiT 343 wels3 frigiis mTavar qalaqSi. mrvaalrcxovani krebis monawile mcire aziis provinciebis episkoposebma daadgines 60 kanoni saeklesio organizaciisa da disciplinis sxvdasxva sakiTxebze. kanonikuri krebulebis ZiriTad gamocemebSi kanonTa swored dasaxelebuli ricxvia Setanili, magram zogan 59-c gvxvdeba (Voelli da Justell-Tan, ruminul Indreptares da sxv.), magram amis mizezi mxolod isaa, rom me-60 kanoni ubralod SeerTebulia 59-sTan, ase rom, kanonTa Sinaarss araferi ar aklia. me-60 kanoni ar aris mxolod iovane sqolastikosis berZnul krebulSi da dionise mciris laTinur TargmanSi.

5. sardikiis kreba. berZnul-romauli imperiis aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis nawilebis sazRvarze sardikiaSi4 (dRevandel sofiaSi) iliriis provinciaSi 343 wels5 Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelsac 300 dasavleTisa da 76 aRmosavleTis episkoposi eswreboda. krebas Tavmjdomareobda osios kordubeli (qarTuli TargmaniT: episkoposi qalaqisa kodovisa), romelic CvenTvis cnobilia, rogorc nikiis I msoflio krebis monawile (zogierTi versiiT – Tavmjdomarec ki). krebis Sekrebis mizani iyo, mieRwia SeTanxmebisaTvis aTanase aleqsandrielis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis episkoposTa Soris, romlebic ramdenadme gaTiSulni aRmoCndnen arianelTa intrigebis mizeziT. aTanase aleqsandrieli (+373w.) gankveTes mxolod nikeis krebis rwmenis simbolos

1 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 250.2 Робертсон, ... с. 2003 Hefele-s mixedviT 363-64ww. dasax. naSr. I, 722.4 Болотов В.В. Сардика или Сердика, Хр. чтение, 1891, май-июнь, №5-6, стр. 511.5 krebis mowvevis TariRad 1818 wlamde miaCndaT jer 347 (sozomenis istoriaze dayrdnobiT, III, 12) Semdeg 344 weli aTanase aleqsandrielis sadResaswaulo epistoleTa da analizis safuZvelze sardikiis kreba ar SeiZleba 343w. gvian Semdgariyo.

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mowinaaRmdegeebma, ZiriTadad evsebianelebma (saSualo arianuli; ase seqta iwodeba maTi gavleniani beladis, evsebi nikomidielis saxelis mixedviT). krebas miznad hqonda erTis mxriv aTanases gamarTleba da meores mxriv gasamarTleba aramarTlmadideblebisa, romlebmac gabedes am ,,marTlmadideblobis burjis” winaaRmdeg amxedreba. es amocana davalebuli hqonda dasavleTis episkoposebs romis papis ivlianes xelmZRvanelobiT (337-352) da dasavleli imperatoris konstantines mfarvelobiT imitom, rom aRmosavleTis ZiriTadi eklesiebi imyofebodnen nikeis krebis mowinaaRmdegeTa gavlenis qveS, sargeblobdnen ra aRmosavleTis imperatoris, konstancis mfarvelobiT, romelic uborotesi mteri iyo aTanase didisa. amitom krebis Catarebis adgilisaTvis SearCeis serdika, romelic aRm. da dasav. imperiis sazRvarze iyo da im dros ,romis episkoposis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. amiT aixsneba, rom krebis monawileTa ZiriTadi nawili dasavleTis episkoposebi iyvnen da krebasac osios kordubeli (espaneTidan) Tavmjdomareobda. sardikiis krebam dasaxul mizans ver miaRwia, radgan kreba, vidre saqmianobas Seudgeboda, or nawilad gaiyo: arianuli partiis warmomadgenlebma, rodesac gaiges krebaze aTanase aleqsandrielis Camosvla da dasavleTis eklesiis episkoposTa ganzraxva, gaemarTlebinaT aTanase da daecvaT nikeis msoflio krebis rwmenis simbolo, datoves kreba da gadavidnen filipepolSi (TrakiaSi), sadac Seadgines TavianTi kreba, romelmac gankveTis ganaCeni gamoutana aTanases da romis paps iulianes1. sardikiaSi darCenilma episkoposTa udidesma nawilma Caatara kreba osios kordubelis TavmjdomareobiT, romelmac gaamarTla aTanase aleqsandrieli, aRadgina Tavis uflebebSi da amasTanave gamoitana 21 saeklesio disciplinaruli kanoni, redaqtirebuli rogorc laTinur, aseve berZnul enebze.

dasavleTSi sardikiis krebis kanonebi male SeuerTes nikeis I msoflio krebis kanonebs da gaugebari mizezebis gamo isini nikeis krebis kanonebad saRdeboda2, sanam es Secdoma ar gamoaaSkarava karTagenis 419w.-is krebam erT-erTi gankveTili xucesis saqmis ganxilvis dros3.

afrikis da aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi es kreba da misi mowvevis dro male iqna daviwyebuli. aRsaniSnavia, rom rodesac sardikiis delegatebi 344w. antioqiaSi dabrundnen krebis dadgenilebebiT, stefane antioqieli maT uaRresad mtrulad Sexvda4.

6. karTagenis kreba anu afrikuli eklesiis kanonTa kodeqsi. karTagenis krebis kanonebi, romlebic kanonikuri samarTlis ZiriTad kodeqsSi karTagenis 419 wlis krebis kanonebis saxeliT aris Setanili, sinamdvileSi Sedgenilia im 15 krebis

1 Остроумов М., Введение в прав. церковное право, I, Харьков, 1893, стр. 191. 2 Maassen, I, 52.3 dawvrilebiT amis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT, karTagenis krebasTan dakavSirebiT.4 Болотов В., dasax. naSromi, gv. 511.

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kanonebis safuZvelze, romlebic mowveuli iyo karTagenis provinciaSi 345-419 wlebis ganmavlobaSi. arsad ise mkacrad ar sruldeboda uZvelesi saeklesio kanoni adgilobrivi krebis yovelwliurad mowvevis Sesaxeb, rogorc karTagenis eklesiaSi. istoriam Semogvinaxa cnobebi im mravalricxovani saeklesio krebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Catarebuli iqna karTagenis saeklesio provinciaSi qristianobis pirvelsave saukuneebSi saeklesio sakanonmdeblo miznebiT. am faqtma ganapiroba am provinciis eklesiaSi saeklesio-disciplinaruli kanonebis simravle. bevri maTgani erTsa da imave sagans exeboda da amitom erTmaneTis ganmeorebas warmoadgenda, bevr maTgans Sedgenis adgilisa da drois garemoebaTa gamo mxolod viwro adgilobrivi mniSvneloba hqonda da droebiTi xasiaTi. amitom karTagenis 419 wlis krebam gadasinja winandel saeklesio krebaTa yvela kanoni da maTgan afrikis eklesiisaTvis savaldebulod miiRo da daamtkica Semdegi 15 krebis kanonebi: 1) karTagenis 345-348w.1, 2) karTagenis 390w.2, 3) iponis 393w.3, 4) karTagenis 397w.4, 5) karTagenis 401w. 15 ivnisis5, 6) karTagenis 401w. 13 seqt.6, 7) mileviTis 402w.7, 8) karTagenis 403w.8, 9) karTagenis 404w.9, 10) karTagenis 405w.10, 11) karTagenis 407w., 12) karTagenis 409w.11, 13) karTagenis 410w., 14) karTagenis 418w.12, 15) karTagenis 419w.-is, romelmac Tavis mxriv 12 (II) kanoni gamoitana.13 CamoTvlil krebaTa kanonebma Seadgina is krebuli, romelsac afrikul eklesiaTa kanonebis kodeqsi, anu rogorc 14-titlovan nomokanonSi hqvia karTagenis krebis kanonebi.

1 14-titlovan nomokanonSi Setanil karTagenis krebis me-5 kanonad Setanilia karTagenis 345w. krebis me-10 da karTagenis 348 wlis krebis me-13 kanonebis SeerTebiT Sedgenili kanoni.2 am krebis 9 kanonidan gakeTebulia 11 (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13).3 iponis krebis 30 kanonidan gakeTebulia 24 (14-24, 35-47). 47-e kanonis nawilSi Setanilia 397w. erTi kanonic.4 karTagenis 397w. krebis 7 kanonidan gakeTebulia 11 (34,47-56).5 dasaxelebuli krebis 9 kanoni (=57-65 kanonebs).6 am krebis 19 kanonidan Sedgenilia 23 kanoni (25-27, 66-86).7 4 kanonidan Sedgenilia 5 (87-91).8 2 kanonidan gakeTebulia 3 (91-93).9 am krebis Sesaxeb ix. karTagenis 91 kanoni.10 am krebis 12 kanoni (=94-108 kanonebs).11 karTagenis 408w. 16.06. da 13.09.409 da 410w. krebaTa dadgenilebebis Sesaxeb zogadad ix. karTagenis 107-e kanonSi.12 am krebis 18 kanoni (me-17 kanoni Setanilia orjer = 116 da 117) = 108-127 kanonebs.13 29-33 da 128-133 kanonebi karTagenis krebisa. afrikuli eklesiis calkeul krebaTa saqmianobisa da istoriis urTulesi sakiTxebis gamokvleva ZiriTadad masenisa (Fr. Maassen, Geschichte der Quellon und der Litteratur des kanonischen Recht in Abendlande bis zum Ausgange des Mittelalters. bch.I, Gra 7, 1870) da hefele, (Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, II, II gamoc.) Sromebis wyalobiT gaxda SedarebiT naTeli.

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amrigad, 419 wlis karTagenis krebam daamtkica 133 kanoni. zogierT kanonikur krebulSi garda am kanonebisa Setanilia kidev 5 kanoni1, magram sinamdvileSi es aris afrikul saeklesio moRvaweTa epistoleebi da pasuxebi karTagenis krebisaTvis zogierT saintereso sakiTxze: 1) karTagenis krebis epistole papa kelestines mimarT 419w. krebis mTavar sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. 2) kirile aleqsandrielis pasuxi karTagenis krebas mis mier krebisaTvis nikeis krebis namdvili aqtebis gamogzavnasTan dakavSirebiT. 3) atiko konstantinepolelis analogiuri pasuxi. 4) karTagenis krebis epistole kelestines mimarT nikeis krebis simbolosa da kanonebis TanxlebiT. 5) karTageneli mamebis 424 wlis epistole romis pap kelestines mimarT 419 wlis karTagenis krebis mowvevis mizezebis Sesaxeb.

aRsaniSnavia, rom karTagenis krebis kanonebi aRmosavleTis eklesiis ZiriTad kanonikur krebulSi – XIV titlovan sintagmaSi sardikiis krebis kanonebze gacilebiT gvian Seitanes. dasaxelebul krebulSi pirvelad is VI saukunis bolosa da VII dasawyisSi unda SeetanaT. sintagmis Semdgenelma es kanonebi pirvelad Targmna laTinuri enidan, romelzedac isini iyvnen Sedgenili, dionise mciris cnobili krebulidan, rogorc amas adasturebs berZnuli teqstis Sejereba laTinurTan.

karTagenis krebis kanonebs, romlebic warmoadgenen ZiriTad wyaros ara marto Crdilo afrikuli qristianuli eklesiis kanonmdeblobis istoriis gasaTvaliswineblad, aramed amave dros aRmosavleTis marTlmadidebluri kanonikuri samarTlis erT-erTi umTavresi wyarocaa, aqvT krebis ,,aqtebis” forma (rogorc sardikiis krebis kanonebs), rac formis TvalsazrisiT ganasxvavebs maT aRmosavluri krebebis kanonebisagan. mokled aRvniSnoT is winamZRvrebi, rac mizezi gaxda karTagenis 419 wlis krebis mowvevisa, romelmac Seadgina kanonebis es mniSvnelovani kodeqsi. karTagenis provinciis q. sikis (Sica) xucesi apiarosi sxvadasxva danaSaulisaTvis am qalaqis episkoposma urbanosma eklesiidan gankveTa. xucesi roms gaemgzavra da pap zosimes mimarTa daxmarebisaTvis, romelmac miiRo misi apelacia da misi aRdgena moiTxova. Crdilo afrikis eklesiis mesveurebi win aRudgnen am gadawyvetilebas da 418 wlis 1 maisis karTagenis krebaze gamoitanes kanoni (17), romelic krZalavda saeklesio piris (xucesis, diakonis da a.S.) apelaciiT mimarTvas romis eklesiisadmi. roca zosimem Seityo karTagenelTa ukmayofileba miRebuli dadgenilebis gamo, man legatebi gagzavna karTagens. karTagenis arqiepiskoposma avrilianem imave 418 wels

1 aTenis sintagmaSi es epistoleebi ,,kanonTa saTvalavSi ar Sedis, xolo qarTulSi is danomrilia 134-138 kanonebad. aseve „Кормчая книга”-Si - sul 139 kanonia, rusul ,,kanonTa wignSi” – 147, ,,pidalionSi” 141 kanonia (kanonTa es ricxvebi miRebulia kanonTa teqstis sxvadasxvagvari dayofis Sedegad ise, rom Sinaarsobrivad karTagenis kanonTa teqsts araferi aklia).

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moiwvia episkoposTa arcTu mravalricxovani kreba, romelsac papis legatebic eswrebodnen. papis instruqciis (Commonitorum) Tanaxmad, romelic legatebma warmoadgines, unda ganxiluliyo Semdegi sakiTxebi: 1. episkoposis apelaciis Sesaxeb romSi. 2. episkoposis sasaxlis karze xSiri mimosvlis akrZalvis Sesaxeb. 3. episkoposis mier usamarTlod gankveTili xucesisa da diakonis saqme unda ganixilos mezobeli eparqiis episkoposma. 4. urbanos sivkieli ganikveTos eklesiisagan, Tuki man ar Seicvala Tavisi gadawyvetileba apiares mimarT, anda unda gaemgzavros roms Tavis gasamarTleblad.1

gansaxilvel sakiTxTa meore punqts kamaTi ar gamouwvevia. dava Seiqmna pirveli da mesame punqtebis gamo. romis papis gankargulebani emyareboda viTomda nikeis krebis kanonebs. sinamdvileSi ki es kanonebi sardikiis krebisa me-4 da me-5 kanonebi iyo. ra Tqma unda, afrikelma episkoposebma ver monaxes msgavsi ram nikeis krebis kanonebSi, romelic am krebaze damswre ceciliane karTagenelis mier iyo Camotanili, xolo sardikiis krebis kanonebs isini ar icnobdnen2. miuxedavad amisa, romis eklesiisadmi pativiscemis niSnad karTagenelma episkoposebma jer kidev 418w. epistole gaugzavnes romis paps zosimes da acnobes, rom nikeis krebis kanonTa ueWveli nusxis mopovebamde isini papis mier gamoyenebuli kanonebiT ixelmZRvanelebdnen. 418 wlis 26 dekembers papi zosimes gardacvalebam droebiT SeaCera aRniSnuli sakiTxebis kvleva, magram misma memkvidrem kelestinem male ganaaxla aRZruli saqme.

419 wlis 25 maiss karTagenSi Seikriba 217 episkoposi da papis legatebi. krebas Tavmjdomareobda karTagenis arqiepiskoposi avreliane. krebis upirvelesi sazrunavi iyo pap zosimes mier nikeis krebis kanonebad gasaRebuli ori kanonis raobis garkveva. jer waikiTxes nikiis krebis kanonTa karTagenuli varianti, Semdeg zosime romis papis instruqcia (komonitori), sadac is moqmedebs viTom nikeis krebis kanonebiT, sinamdvileSi ki _ sardikiis krebis me-4 da me-5 kanonebi. gaugebrobis Tavidan asacileblad wamoayenes winadadeba, raTa konstantinepolis sapatriarqo biblioTekidan, agreTve aleqsandriidan da antioqiidan erTdroulad gamoeTxovaT nikiis krebis kanonTa nusxebi, aseTive winadadeba mieca kelestine paps yovelgvari eWvis gafantvis mizniT. am winadadebis winaaRmdeg gamovidnen papis legatebi, darwmunebulni zosime papis simarTleSi da nikeis krebis kanonTa karTagenuli variantis simcdareSi da Semoitanes winadadeba, rom mxolod bonifacius paps eTxovos am kanonTa sinamdvilis Semowmeba.

1 es cnobebi daculia karTagenis 419 wlis krebis epistoleSi papi kelestines mimarT. ix. didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 360-363. 2 Н. Заозерский, Историческое обозрение источ. права правосл. церкви. М. 1891, стр. 155.

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rodesac gaagrZeles zosimes instruqciis wakiTxva, aRmoCnda, rom sardikiis 14 kanoni (laTinuris mixedviT me-17) romis papis mier nikeis krebis kanonad iyo miCneuli.

aRniSnuli sadavo sakiTxis gasarkvevad nikeis krebis kanonTa nusxis molodinSi krebam gaagrZela muSaoba da pirvelsave sxdomaze wakiTxuli da damtkicebuli iqna rigi Zveli kanonebisa, romlebic adre iyo gamotanili afrikis sxvadasxva krebis mier1. 127-e kanonis damtkicebiT damTavrda krebis pirveli sxdoma. imave wlis 30 maiss Sedga karTagenis krebis meore sxdoma. meore sxdomis Sesavali nawilidan, romelic moTavsebulia 127 da 128 kanonebs Soris, CvenTvis cnobili xdeba, rom 217 episkoposTagan, romlebic pirvel sxdomas eswrebodnen, bevrma gadaudebeli saqmeebis gamo TavianT eklesiebSi dabrunebis nebarTva iTxova. maTi Txovna daakmayofiles, magram im pirobiT, rom krebaze datovebdnen TiToeuli saeklesio (olqidan) provinciidan arCeul deputatTa jgufs. meore sxdomaze krebam damatebiT 6 axali kanoni gamoitana da krebis Tavmjdomarem mokle sityviT daxura kreba da xeli moawera krebis dadgenilebebs krebis danarCen wevrebTan erTad. krebis damTavrebidan meore dResve krebis monawile episkoposebma epistole gaugzavnes pap kelestines da acnobes krebis dadgenilebebi2.

episkoposma urbanosma zosime papis moTxovnilebisamebr Sescvala Tavisi gadawyvetileba apiaros xucesis mimarT da apiarosi, romelmac patieba iTxova Tavisi saqcielisa da danaSaulisaTvisa, isev aRadgines Tavis uflebebSi da SeunarCunes xucesis xarisxi, magram SemdegSiac rom ar momxdariyo urbanossa da apiares Soris raime incidenti, apiarosi unda daetovebina sikis eklesia da misTvis krebis mier micemuli werilobiTi dokumentis (epistolium) safuZvelze ufleba hqonda yvelgan, sadac ki moisurvebda, Seesrulebina xucesis movaleoba. male karTagenSi miiRes kirile alqsandrielisa da atikos konstantinepolelis mier gamogzavnili nikeis krebis kanonTa nusxebi, rac 419w.26.11. gaegzavna pap bonifaciuss da riTac gairkva nikeisa da sardikiis kanonTa aRrevis sakiTxi. es epistoleebic dasaxelebuli krebis kanonebs erTvis bolos.

7. konstantinepolis 394 wlis adgilobrivi kreba. dasaxelebuli krebis mowvevis mizezi gaxda, rogorc es krebis saTaurSivea naTqvami, ori episkoposis _ aRapisa da vaRadis Soris ciloba arabeTis qalaq bostris samitropolito kaTedraze. am kaTedraze arCeuli iyo vaRadi. erTxel, roca vaRadi adgilze ar imyofeboda, raRac danaSaulisaTvis gankveTili iqna Tavisive xelqveiTi ori episkoposis mier. maT ar moismines vaRadis Tavis marTleba da mis adgilze

1 Hefele, dasax. naSromi, t. III, gv. 131-136.2 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 360-366.

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daadgines aRapi. maSin vaRadim saCivriT mimarTa konstantinepolis patriarqs da amtkicebda, rom is usamarTlodaa gankveTili.

konstantinepolis patriarqis, neqtaris iniciativiT 394 wlis seqtemberSi Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelsac es sakamaTo sakiTxi unda gadaeWra. krebis monawile 17 episkoposs Soris iyvnen cnobili saeklesio moRvaweebi: grigol noseli, amfiloqe ikonieli, Teofile aleqsandrieli, Teodore momfsvesteli da sxv.1

krebam nikeis pirveli msoflio krebis meoTxe da mociqulTa 74-e kanonis safuZvelze miiRo dadgenileba, rom episkoposis gankveTa SeuZlia mxolod episkoposTa krebas da ara ors an sam episkoposs. es kanoni krebis aqtebidan sakmaod vrceli amonaweris saxiT Seitanes 14-titlovani sintagmis SemadgenlobaSi karTagenis krebis kanonebze adre Tu ara, erTdroulad mainc. 691 wlis trulis krebam (me-2 kan.) dasaxelebuli kanoni daamtkica qristianuli eklesiisaTvis savaldebulo saeklesio kanonTa ricxvSi.

8. konstantinepolis e.w. pirveli-meore kreba.2 foti konstantinepolis patriarqis moRvaweobis periodSi mowveuli saeklesio krebaTa istoria mravalmxriv aris saintereso. am krebebze gamoaSkaravda aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebs Soris ganxeTqilebisa da daSorebis aucilebloba. egnate patriarqis gadayenebam 857w.3 da samefo karis didebulis – fotis, konstantinepolis patriarqis kaTedraze asvlam aRmosavleTSi daZabuli atmosfero Seqmna da amave dros sababi misca romis paps, konstantinepolis patriarqatis saSinao saqmeebSi Careuliyo. egnatesa da fotis momxreebs Soris gauTavebel SuRls daemata VII msoflio krebis mier dagmobili xatmebrZoleobis xelaxali aRorZineba.

861 wlis konstantinepolis saeklesio krebis mowvevis ZiriTadi mizezi saeklesio ganxeTqileba da xatmebrZoleobis moZraobis gaZliereba gaxda. imperatorma mixeilma da patriarqma fotim mowveva gaugzavnes romis pap nikoloz I-s msoflio krebaze dasaswrebad. papis legatebis Camosvlidan ramdenime xnis Semdeg 861 wels mociqulTa saxelobis eklesiaSi Sedga saeklesio kreba 318 episkoposis monawileobiT. krebam samarTlianad miiCnia egnates gadayeneba

1 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 363-364.2 ZiriTadi literatura konstantinepolis 861w. da 879w. saeklesio krebebTan dakavSirebiT: Hefele, Conciliengeschichte. 1860. т.IV. 2) Pichler, Geschichte der kirchlichen trenung zwischen Orient und Occident. München, 1864-5, т.I-II. 3) Hergenröther, Photius Patriarch von Constantinopol, 1867-1869, т. I,II,III. 4) Лебедев А.П., Римские папы и их отношение к церкви Византии с IX-XIвв., Москва, 1875. 5) misive История Константинопольских соборов IX в., Москва, 1887. 6) В. Гетте., Патр. Фотии, Вера и разум 1888-1889г. da sxva.3 egnates momxreebma wm. irines eklesiaSi saeklesio kreba moiwvies da foti gankveTes, ris pasuxadac fotis momxreebma 858w. wm. mociqulTa eklesiaSi sapasuxo kreba gamarTes da egnate gankveTes.

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da gankveTa saeklesio saqqmebisagan, amasTanave foti scno konstantinepolis patriarqad. krebam dagmo xatmebrZoleoba da gamoitana 17 disciplinaruli kanoni. berZnul wyaroebSi am krebas pirveli-meore kreba ewodeba (Πρώτο και δευτέρα), ris gamoc samecniero literaturaSi bevri urTierTgamomricxavi varaudia gamoTqmuli. hefele fiqrobs, rom krebis saxelwodeba dakavSirebulia im faqtTan, rom kreba ori ganyofilebisagan Sedgeboda: pirveli – egnates Sesaxeb, xolo meore _ xatmebrZoleobis Sesaxeb.1 beveriji2 da hergenroteri3 ki fiqroben, rom dasaxelebuli kreba warmoadgenda 858 wlis saeklesio krebis gagrZelebas, TiTqosda ganmeorebasac ki. zonara da balzamoni TavianT komentarebSi gadmogvcemen, rom krebis sxdomebi Sewyvetili iqna aramarTlmadidebelTa SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmis gamo da kreba meored Seikriba dawyebuli saqmianobis dasamTavreblad.4

861 wlis krebis dadgenilebebiT ukmayofilo egnates momxreebma saCivriT mimarTes romis paps. papma, romelmac jer kidev am saCivris miRebamde romSi saxeldaxelod Sedgenil Sinaur krebaze 862w. ukanonod gamoacxada 861w. konstantinepolis krebis gadawyvetilebani, gankveTa foti, xolo egnate gaamarTla da yovelive es epistoleebiT acnoba mixeil imperators da aRmosavleTis yvela patriarqs, saCivari sababad gamoiyena, 863 wels romSi ufro mravalricxovani oficialuri kreba moiwvia da 862 wlis krebis dadgenilebebi Semdegi damatebebiT gaimeora: foti ganikveTos, rogorc mwvalebeli. mis mier xeldasxmuli sasuliero pirebs sasuliero xarisxi CamoerTvaT da ganikveTon eklesiisagan. papma mkacrad dasaja Tavisi legatebic, romlebic fotis mier mowveul 861 wlis krebas eswrebodnen. romis papis epistoles, romelic romis 863 wlis krebis dadgenilebebs Seicavda fotisa da egnates Sesaxeb, imperatorma mkvaxe pasuxi gasca. papma ramdenjerme fotis da egnates romSi gagzavna moiTxova, razedac imperatorma saerTod ar gasca pasuxi.5

aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebs Soris damokidebuleba kidev ufro gaamwvava bulgareTis eklesiis sakiTxma. 864 wels bulgareTis mefe borisi moinaTla fotis mier, magram 866 wels politikuri mosazrebebiT bulgareTis mefem mimarTa romis paps TxovniT, bulgareTSi episkoposebi daeniSna da zogierTi saeklesio sakiTxi gaerkvia.6

1 Hefele, dasax. naSromi, IV, 230, 233-2342 dasax. naSromi, II, 1703 dasax. naSromi, I, 4384 aTenis sintagma, II, gv. 647-6485 Остроумов, dasax. naSromi, gv. 222-2236 Голубинский, Краткий очерк истории церквей Болгарской, Сербской и Румынии, Москва, 1871, стр. 27.

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papi maSinve Caeria saqmeSi, romelic mxolod konstantinepolis patriarqiis funqciebSi Sedioda. papis legatebi bulgareTSi CasvlisTanave Seudgnen morwmuneTa damoZRvras dasavleTis eklesiis tradiciebis mixedviT, xelaxla monaTles xalxi, aswavlidnen rwmenis simbolos samebis dualisturi gagebiT1 da sxva. amave dros ramdenime episkoposma (triris, kednis da ravenis) TxovniT mimarTa fotis, rom isini romis papis Seviwroebebisagan daecva. maSin fotim gamoaqveyna cnobili encikloka2 (mrgvliv mosavleli epistole), sadac CamoTvlili iyo laTinuri eklesiis mier saeklesio kanonebisa da rwmenis simbolos uxeSad darRvevis punqtebi:

1. SabaTis marxva (mociq. 64-e da trulis 55-e kanonebis sawinaaRmdegod);2. didmarxvis pirvel kviraSi yvelisa da kvercxis xmareba;3. qorwinebaSi myof saeklesio pirTa Seuwynarebloba (Rangr. me-4 da

trulis me-13 kanonebis sawinaaRmdegod, rogorc fiqroben aq unda Candes maniqevelTa krebis marcvals);

4. mRvdelTa mier mironcxebis uaryofa;5. rwmenis simbolosaTvis Zisagan suliwmidis gamomavlobis damateba.fotim 867 wels moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelzedac sazeimo viTarebaSi

dagmes laTinuri eklesiis mier Semotanili siaxleni, xolo romis papi nikoloz I gankveTes da anaTema gamoucxades.3 basili makedonelis samefo taxtze asvlisTanave, imave 867 wels foti Camoagdes kaTedridan, xolo egnate isev konstantinepolis patriarqi gaxda. axalma imperatorma da patriarqma pap andriane II-s krebaze dasaswrebad legatebis gamogzavna sTxoves. krebas, romelic 869w. wm. sofiis taZarSi Seikriba. Tavidan 12 episkoposi eswreboda, Semdeg episkoposTa ricxvi TandaTan gaizarda 70-mde, xolo krebis bolo sxdomaze 109-mde miaRwia. miuxedavad fotis momxreTa gaafTrebuli winaaRmdegobisa, krebam foti gankveTa, xolo 861 da 867 wlis krebaTa aqtebi daswva. krebam erTxel kidev SeaCvena xatmebrZoleoba. krebis ukanasknel, me-10 sxdomaze anaTema gamoucxades yvela winandel wvalebas. krebam romis papi suliwmidis iaraRad gamoacxada da scno papis xelSeuxebloba msoflio krebis mierac ki.4 krebam laTinuri redaqciiT 27 disciplinaruli kanoni gamosca, xolo berZnuliT – 14.

konstantinepolis 869 wlis kreba dasavleTSi VIII msoflio krebad aris miCneuli, maSin, roca aRmosavleTSi mas TiTqmis araviTar mniSvnelobas ar aniWebdnen.

1 simbolos umatebdnen Filioque, e.i. suliwmida gamomavlobas Zisaganac.2 Migne. CII, стр.7223 Hergen röther, dasax, naSromi, I, gv. 6434 am krebis dedani ar Senaxula. TiTqosda es aqtebi romSi mimaval legatebs gzaSi waarTves slavma yaCaRebma. laTinuri Targmani aqtebisa ix. Migne I, 129

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9. konstantinepolis 879 wlis kreba. 877 wels gardaicvala patriarqi egnate da konstantinepolis kaTedarze isev foti dabrunda. romis papma iovane VIII foti scno kanonier patriarqad. amasTanave gamoTqva imedi, rom foti uars ityoda bulgareTis saeklesio saqmeebSi Carevaze.

879 wels konstantinepolis sofios taZarSi fotis TavmjdomareobiT Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelsac aRmosavleTis eklesiis yvela patriarqisa da 383 episkoposis garda romis papis legatebic eswrebodnen. krebas ori ZiriTadi mizani hqonda: sapatriarqo kaTedraze fotis sazeimo aRdgena da damtkiceba, rac TavisTavad gulisxmobda 869 wlis saeklesio krebis saqmianobis ukanonobis aRiarebas da gauqmebas _ erTis mxriv, xolo rwmenis simboloSi yovelgvar cvlilebaTa Setanas _ meores mxriv.

krebam daamtkica meSvide msoflio kreba xatmebrZoleobis winaaRmdeg, gamoitana 3 disciplinaruli kanoni da miiRo dadgenileba, romelic krZalavs rwmenis simboloSi yovelgvari damatebis Setanas (naTelia, rom am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi hqondaT dasavleTis eklesiis zemoaRniSnuli damateba suliwmidis Zisgan gamomavlobis Sesaxeb). sxvaTa Soris, papma iovane VIII fotisadmi gagzavnil epistoleSi daadastura simbolos Sesaxeb krebis dadgenileba1.

bulgareTis sakiTxze krebas ar umsjelia im motiviT, rom sazRvrebisa da olqebis ganawileba mxolod saxelmwifo xelisuflebis saqmea.

886w. leon brZenis mier foti isev gadayenebuli iqna patriarqobidan ukve samudamod, 891 wels is gardaicvala.

gauTavebeli SuRlisa da saeklesio areulobisaTvis bolos moRebis mizniT romis papis formozisa da konstantinepolis patriarq antonis erToblivi iniciativiT 893 wels konstantinopolSi gaimarTa kidev erTi kreba, romelzedac kanonierad scnes da TavianT uflebebSi aRadgines yvela saeklesio piri, romelic xeldasxmuli iyo rogorc fotis, aseve egnates mier. ase Sedga formaluri Serigeba aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebs Soris, magram Sinagani erTianoba mainc miuRweveli darCa, mdgomaroeba ki _ daZabuli.

am ori (861 da 879w.) saeklesio krebis avtoriteti berZnul eklesiaSi TiTqmis msoflio eklesiaTa Tanabaria. zonaram da balzamonma, romlebmac TavianTi komentarebisaTvis saeklesio kanonebi mniSvnelobis mixedviT daalages, aRniSnuli krebis kanonebi msoflio krebis kanonTa Semdeg da adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebze win moaTavses. saeklesio krebaTa Sua saukuneebis cnobili komentatorebi balzamoni, vlastari da sxv. 861w.-is e.w. ,,pirvel-meore” krebas msoflio krebas uwodeben2, xolo 879 wlis konstantinepolis kreba Tavis

1 kaTolikuri eklesia uaryofs am epistolis namdvilobas.2 Остроумов, dasax. naSromi, gv. 227-228.

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Tavs msoflio krebad asaxelebs mis mier gamotanil kanonebSi1. florenciis krebaze, roca markoz efeselma 879 wlis krebas msoflio kreba uwoda, amas laTinelTa mxriv reaqcia ar gamouwvevia2. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 879 wlis konstantinepolis kreba berZnebis mier dRemde merve msoflio krebad iTvleba, rac Cans aRmosavleTis eklesiis patriarqTa sayovelTao (mrgvliv mosavleli) epistolidan3.

aRsaniSnavia, rom komstantinopolis 879 wlis krebis aqtebi beverejis gamocemis mixedviT Seicavs minawers, sadac mas merve msoflio da pirvel-meore krebasac uwodeben4. caxarie 879 wlis konstantinepolis krebas ,,pirvel-meore” krebis saxeliT ixseniebs5. magram es kreba zogjer ,,meore-pirvel” krebadac iwodeba, ris gamoc m. ostorumovi aseT varauds gamoTqvams: Tavdapirvelad saxelwodeba ,,pirvel-meore” gulisxmobda 861-879 wlis krebebs erTad da ara marto 861 wlis krebas.

saeklesio moRvaweTa epistolaruli kanonmdebloba

kanonikuri samarTlis istoriaSi aRiarebulia, rom erTaderTi kompetenturi sakanonmdeblo organo saeklesio krebaa.6 es debuleba gansakuTrebiT myaria I-IX saukuneebisaTvis. magram Tu Cven SevexebiT kanonikuri samarTlis erT-erT ZiriTad wyaros – saeklesio moRvaweTa (e.w. wmida mamaTa) kanonebs, romelTa xvedriTi wona ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsSi (883w. redaqciis 14-titlovani nomokanoni) Zalze didia, saeklesio kanonmdeblobis zemoaRniSnuli ZiriTadi principis sawinaaRmdego suraTs vnaxavT: e.w. ,,wmida mamebis” saeklesio kanonebi erTpirovnuli kanonmdeblobis nimuSia, rac principulad ewinaaRmdegeba saeklesio kanonis koleqtiurad dadgenis moTxovnilebas. arc erT saeklesio pirs, rogori avtoritetic is ar unda iyos, saeklesio kanonis dadgenis ufleba ara aqvs. miuxedavad Tqmulisa, dasaxelebul kodeqsSi mravladaa Setanili calkeul ,,mamaTa” erTpirovnulad Camoyalibebuli kanoni. yvelaferi naTeli gaxdeba, Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT Semdegs: arc erTi am kanonTagani Tavdapirvelad ar warmoadgenda zogad, savaldebulo sakanonmdeblo normas. romelime

1 ix. dasax. krebis I da II kanonTa dasawyisi, didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 4472 Hefele, IV, 417-418. Hergenröther, Photius, II, s. 131.3 Остроумов, dasax. naSromi, gv. 228.4 beverejis gamocema, 1672w. IIt. gv. 307.5 E. Zachariae von Zingenthal, Gesichte des griechisch römischen Rechts II Aute Berlin, 1877, 13.6 ,,kanonikuri samarTali” ixmareba im kanonmdeblobis aRsaniSnavad, romelic XIV titlovani nomokanonis 883 wlis redaqciaSi saboloodaa Camoyalibebuli, e.i. qristianobis pirveli saukuneebidan formirebuli saeklesio kanonmdebloba IXs. ukanasknel meoTxedamde. xolo radgan saeklesio kanonmdeblobas IX saukunis Semdeg kidev daemata zogadqristianuli eklesiisaTvis savaldebulo dadgenilebebi, pirvelTan erTad, e.i. kanonikur samarTalTan erTad, am ukanasknels saeklesio samarTals uwodeben. Никодим, Православное церковное право, сбр. 1897, стр. 10.

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provinciis episkoposi, romelsac misi didi avtoritetis gamo mimarTavdnen Tavisi eparqiis saeklesio pirni, Tu mezobel provinciis eklesiis mesveurni romelime saeklesio sakiTxSi garkvevisaTvis, epistolis formiT Camoyalibebul pasuxebSi, romlebic saTanado rCevas Tu gankargulebebs Seicavdnen, kanonikuri samarTlis iseT Rrma codnas da formulirebas iZleoda, rom es epistole saxelmZRvanelo normad xdeboda jer adgilobrivi masStabiT, xolo TandaTan misi moqmedebis are farTovdeboda. aseTi xasiaTis literaturis zRva masalidan mxolod ramdenimem miiRo sabolood sakanonmdeblo sanqcia. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT nayofieri gamodga III-IVss. saeklesio moRvaweTa epistolaruli memkvidreoba.

ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsSi Setanil kanonikur epistoleTa 12 avtoridan 11 dasaxelebuli saukuneebis moRvawea, xolo erTi (genadi konstantinopoleli) _ Vs.-is. dasaxelebul avtorTa erTpirovnuli saeklesio kanonmdebloba savaldebulo normad iqca mxolod mas Semdeg, rac VI msoflio krebam (ufro zustad, mis gagrZelebad miCneulma ,,trulis” 691 wlis krebam) Tavisi me-2 kanoniT daamtkica 12 saeklesio avtoritetis epistoleSi Camoyalibebuli kanonebi da isini msoflio da gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebs gautola. ufro adre ioane sqolastikosma VIs. Sua wlebSi Sedgenil 50 titlovan kanonikur krebulSi basili didis 68 kanoni Seitana, xolo XIV titlovani sintagmis ucnobma Semdgenelma sxva avtorTa epistoleebis xarjze wm. mamaTa kanonebis ricxvi sagrZnoblad Seavso. maT Soris basili didis kanonebis ricxvi 92-mde gazarda. dasaxelebuli kanonikuri krebulebis SemdgenelTa es iniciativa naTlad adasturebs imas, rom aRniSnul wm. mamaTa kanonebi Tavidanve didi avtoritetiT sargeblobdnen calkeul adgilobriv eklesiebSi. 14-titlovani sitagmis Semdgeneli VI msoflio krebaze adre aRniSnavs ,,mamaTa” kanonebis ZiriTad saeklesio kanonebad aRiarebis saWiroebas maTi didi mniSvnelobis gamo: ,,xolo keTilad Sevracxe, raÁTa aqave moviÃsenne wm. mamaTaganTa vieTnime TÂsgan epistoleTa Sina kiTxva-migebiT qmnulni igi RmrTiv sulierni sazRvarni, romelni Zalisa kanonTasa mqonebel arian iginica”. magram iqve cdilobs Tavi imarTlos, radgan basili didisa da grigol noselis miTiTebaTa sawinaaRmdego agitacia gaswia: ,,garna ara egreT vhyof amas, viTarmca umecar viyav raÁ-igi didsa grigolis da basilis sTnavs amis pirisaTÂs viTarmed: ,,saeklesiod kanonad maT jer ars SeracxvaÁ da saxelis-debaÁ, romelni ara TÂsagan martoebiT vinme, aramed mravalTa wmidaTa mamaTa erTad SemokrebiTa da zogadiTa saTno-yofiTa da saTanadoÁTa gamoZiebiTa daisxnen”.1

am Tavis marTlebaSi man mamaTa epistoleebi uZveles adgilobriv krebaTa kanonmdeblobis tolfasad aRiara, xolo dasaxelebuli avtorebi am uZvelesi kanonmdeblobis komentatorTa rolSi gamoiyvana. amrigad, XIV titlovani sintagmis Semdgenelma arc basili didisa da grigol noselis miTiTebebi

1 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 104, e.i. mxedvelobaSi aqvs basili didis 47-e da grigol noselis me-6 kanonebi.

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daarRvia da mamaTa epistoleebs kanonebad aRiarebis safuZvelic mounaxa. VI msoflio krebam, romelmac saeklesio ZiriTad kodeqsSi TiTqmis is masala Seitana, rac 14-titlovan sintagmaSia mocemuli, rogorc Cans am sintagmis Semdgenelis winadadeba da argumentebi, rom saWiroa wm. mamaTa epistoleebis garkveuli nawilis kanonebad aRiareba, sarwmunod miiRo da mamaTa kanonebi ZiriTadi kodeqsis mniSvnelovan nawilad gamoacxada. VI krebam CamoTvala 12 moRvawis is kanonebi, romlebic savaldebuloa marTlmadidebluri eklesiisaTvis. maT Sesaxeb Cven qvemoT vilaparakebT. zogierT krebulSi maTTan mimatebulia tarasi konstantinepolelis (+809w.) epistole romis pap adrianes mimarT simoniis Sesaxeb, xolo zogSi es epistole uSualod mosdevs VII msoflio krebis kanonebs da am krebis saqmianobis nawiladaa gagebuli, rogorc es sinamdvileSi iyo. asea qarTul TargmanSic.

1. dionise aleqsandrieli (+264w.). ,,msoflio eklesiis moZRvari”, rogorc mas aTanase aleqsandrieli uwodebs, daibada 195 wels. dionise mdidari warmarTuli ojaxidan iyo. da mas SeeZlo brwyinvale samoqalaqo kariera gaekeTebina. origenes piradi gavleniT dionise qristiani gaxada da moinaTla aleqsandriis episkoposis demetres mier. 233 wels xucesis xarisxSi is origenis mier dawesebuli qristianobisaTvis mosamzadebeli saswavleblis xelmZRvaneli gaxda, sadac TviT man miiRo ganaTleba. 248 wlis maxloblad dionise ukve aleqsandriis saeklesio kaTedras xelmZRvanelobda. gardaicvala 264 wels1. mTeli Tavis episkoposobis ganmavlobaSi ganicdida devnas, iyo gadasaxlebaSi, xSirad gaqceviT uSvelia Tavs, man gadaitana deiobzisa da valentianes drois qristianTa devnis mTeli simkacre.2 dionise cnobilia, rogorc sabelianizmisa da pavle samosatelis winaaRmdeg dauRleli mebrZoli. man mravali naSromi datova.

dionise alqsandrieli iyo III saukunis erT-erTi upopularulesi moRvawe, romlis rCevas saeklesio sakiTxebze eZebdnen aramarto marTladidebeli qristianebi, aramed imdroindeli uZlieresi mwvalebluri seqtis wevrebi – navatianelebi. 3-4 kanoni, romlebic dionise aleqsandrielis saxeliTaa Sesuli saeklesio kodeqsSi, Seadgens kanonikur epistoles, pasuxs libiis episkoposis vasilidis 4 kiTxvaze, romelic ZiriTadad qristianebis kerZo cxovrebis zogierT sakiTxs exeboda. epistole adresatisadmi 260 wels aris gagzavnili. garda dasaxelebuli kanonebisa, Pitra-s Tavis cnobil gamocemaSi Setanili aqvs dionise aleqsandrielis epistole kononis mimarT, romelic aseve 4 kanonad aris gayofili, rac kanonikuri kodeqsis nawili ar aris da gamomcemlis kerZo iniciativas Seadgens. ZiriTadi mizezi imisa, rom meore epistolem ver moipova kanonikuri ufleba, is unda iyos, rom iq dasmuli zogierTi sakiTxi sawinaaRmdegod gadaWra I msoflio krebam. mag.: dionises mixedviT, gankveTili

1 Фаррар В.В., Жизнь и труды св. Отцов и учителей церкви. Приложение IV, стр. 856-857, перевод с английсского А.П. Лопухина, Спб. 1891г.2 Евсевий, Церковная история, VI, 41.

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morwmune an samRvdelo piri Tu kvdeba, mas unda epatios sasjeli, xolo Tu gamojanmrTeldeba xelaxla sasjels aRar moixdis. nikeis 13-e, ankviriis me-6, grigoli noselis me-5 kanonebis mixedviT ki momakvdavi Tu gadarCa. man sasjeli unda moixados.1

2. grigol neokesarieli (saswaulmoqmedi, +270w.). grigoli iyo dionise aleqsandrielis umcrosi Tanamedrove. grigoli neokesarielis udides popularobaze metyvelebs is faqti, rom misi gardacvalebidan erTi saukunis Semdeg misi panegiristebi iyvnen basili didi, grigol noseli da sxv.

grigoli daibada 221 wels neokesariaSi (Tanamedrove niksara, mdinare likaze), pontos olqSi. misi namdvili saxeli Teodore iyo. ojaxSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo grigolis samoqalaqo kariera (oratoris an advokatis), risTvisac undodaT gaegzavnaT q. beritis iuridiul skolaSi. am dros mas mama gardaecvala da is Tavis siZesTan aRmoCnda palestinis kesariaSi. aq igi moeqca origenis gavlenis qveS, romelic am dros cxovrobda. Camosvlidan 5 wlis Semdeg is da misi Zma aTinodore qristianebi gaxdnen da male samSobloSi dabrundnen. sruliad moulodnelad grigoli neokesariis episkoposad airCies 240w. man Tavi gamoiCina, rogorc saucxoo misionerma da mravali warmarTi moaqcia qristianul sarmuwnoebaze. albaT, aseTma energiulma saqmianobam warmoSva Tqmuleba, rom roca grigoli neokesariis episkoposi gaxda, mTel eparqiaSi 17 qristiani iyo, xolo grigolis gardacvalebis Jams imave eparqiaSi 17 warmarTic ki aRar ipoveboda. Sinaarsi grigol neikesarielis kanonikuri epistolisa, romelic nomokanonSia Sesuli, gansazRvrulia im istoriuli faqtis SedegebiT, romelsac misi episkoposobis dros adgili hqonda neokesariasa da mTels pontos olqSi: III saukunis meore naxevarSi mcire aziis da pontos olqs guTebisa da boradebis veluri tomebi Semoesivnen, romlebmac ara marto gaZarcves da daarbies mosaxleoba, aramed bevri tyvec waiyvanes. magram gacilebiT ufro savalalo is iyo, rom qristianTa rigebSi bevri moCnda iseTi, romlebmac aramarto zurgi aqcies qristianobas da moZaladeTa warmarTuli Ceulebebi gaiziares, aramed moZalade tomebs exmarebodnen Tavisi xalxis Zarcvasa da datyvevebaSi, ufro metic, zogma isargebla ra aseTi areuli mdgomareobiT, Semoseul tomebs ar Camouvardebodnen yovelgvari sisaZaglis CadenaSi.2

mas Semdeg, rac Semosevebis qariSxalma gadaiara, jeri midga im qristianebze, romlebsac danaSaulebrivi laqa ecxoT. grigol neikesarielis samsjavro aivso bralmdeblebiTa da braldebulebiT, radganac neokesarias am dros saeklesio kaTedrebs Soris TvalsaCino adgili eWira, xolo grigolis piradi avtoriteti ganuzomlad didi iyo. amitom mezobel eparqiaTa episkoposebi, romelTa eklesiebmac iseTive darbeva ganicades, rCevas sTxovdnen grigols, Tu rogor

1 Заозерский Н., Историч. обозрение правил прав. церкви, Москва, 1891, стр. 204.2 Фаррар, dasax. naSromi, gv. 865-869. misi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb ix. agreTve Творения Григория Нисского. г. VIII, Москва 1872г., стр. 159. Слово о жизни св. Григория Чудотворца.

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moqceodnen damnaSaveebs. erT-erTi episkoposis1 kiTxvebze pasuxad grigolma daaxl. 258w. Seadgina epistole ,,maTTÂs”, romelTa eWama nazorevi kerpTaÁ marbevelobasa Sina barbarozTa anu sxÂTa raÁTme SecTomil iyvnen”, romellic SemdegSi nomokanonis Semadgeneli nawili gaxda.2 epistole masSi Semavali sakiTxebis mixedviT kanonikur krebulebSi gayofilia 10 kanonad. grigol neokesarielis mier ganwesebuli sasjelebi kategoriulia, dayrdnobili Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebze. mxolod me-7 kanonSi ikavebs Tavs grigoli sasjelis dawesebisagan, radgan umZimes danaSaulisaTvis (barbarosebTan TanamSromloba, qristianeTa darbeva da xocva) sasjelis gamotanis ufleba, misi sityvebiT, mxolod episkoposTa krebas aqvs.

sxvadasxva kanonikur krebulebSi epistolis kanonebad dayofis ricxvi erTnairi ar aris. pitras gamocemaSi 10 kanonia3. aTonis sintagmaSi 11, oRond me-11 kanoni epistolis nawili ar aris da gviandel damatebas warmoadgens. nasesxebs basili didis 75-e kanonidan monaniebaTa safexurebis Sesaxeb da a.S.

qarTul `did sjuliskanonSi~, grigol neokesarielis epistole, romelic Sinaarsobrivad pitras gamocemis 10 kanons faravs, kanonebad dayofili ar aris.

3. petre aleqsandrieli (+300-311ww.). `petre – mociqulTa dasabami, petre – mowameTa dasasruli”. gadmocemiT TiTqos viRacam es sityvebi warmoTqva petre aleqsandrieli episkoposis mowamebrivi aRsasrulis dros 311 wlis 24 noembers. marTlac, petre aleqsandrielis wamebiT damTavrda qristianTa bolo da umkacresi devna diokletianes dros.4

295 wels petre aleqsandriis cnobili skolis xelmZRvaneli gaxda, xolo 5 wlis Semdeg 300w. is aleqsandriis saeklesio kaTedraze akurTxes mTavarepiskoposad. petre aleqsandrielis mmarTvelobis mSvidobiani wlebi mxolod 3 wels gagrZelda, 303 wels daiwyo qristianobis sastiki devna likiniozis brZanebiT. am mZime wlebSi petres saxelTan bevri mniSvnelovani saeklesio saqmea dakavSirebuli: meleti leikopoleli (TebaidaSi) episkoposis gankveTa, arioz diakonis gankveTa, romelTa Sesaxeb didi xnis Semdeg nikeis pirvelma msoflio krebam Tqva Tavisi saboloo sityva. amjerad Cven petre aleqsandrielis sakanonmdeblo saqmianoba gvainteresebs, amitom mis mravalmxriv saqmianobaze sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT. likiniozis droindeli qristianobis devna ukve sami wlis dawyebuli iyo da bevrma qristianma iZulebiT Tu wamebis SiSiT zurgi aqcia eklesias da kerpTa Tayvanismcemeli da msaxuri gaxda. magram gaiara devnis pirvelma wlebma da sarwmunoebis medgar damcvelTa da mowameTa sakvirvelma Tavdadebam qristianobidan ganmdgari bevri morwmunis

1 grigolis adresatis vinaoba zustad garkveuli ar aris.2 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 462-466.3 me-11 kanoni, rogorc gviandeli, danamati dabeWdilia petitiT, Pitra I, 566.4 Евсевий, Церковная история, VII, 32.

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sindisis qenjna gamoiwvia. isini monaniebiT iTxovdnen isev qristianul eklesiaSi dabrunebas da mzad iyvnen, Tu saWiro iqneboda, mowamebrivi sikvdiliT gamoesyidaT Tavdapirveli dacema. swored aseT saWirboroto sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT petre aleqsandrielma, rogorc fiqroben, 305 wels didmarxvis dasawyisSi warmoTqva vrceli sityva ,,sinanulisaTÂs”, romelic safuZveli gaxda 14 kanonisa, romelic 14-titlovan nomokanonSia Setanili. yvela kanoni ganmsWvalulia surviliT daxmareba gauwion momnaniebelT da miTiTebulia is gzebi, romelTa saSualebiT msurvelebs SeeZloT dabrunebodnen qristianul sarwmunoebas, amasTanave sasjelis gamotanis dros gaTvaliswinebulia is garemoebebi, romelic mizezi gaxda sarwmunoebisagan gandgomisa.

petre aleqsandrielis saxeliT saeklesio kodeqsSi Setanili me-15 kanoni amoRebulia misive sityvidan “aRdgomis Sesaxeb” da exeba oTxSabaT-paraskevis marxvis sakiTxs. agreTve krZalavs kvira dRes muxlis modrekiT locvas. kanonikur krebulebSi ZiriTadad petre aleqsandrielis 15 kanonia Setanili, xolo “Кормчая книга”-Si (27-e Tavi) is dedanSi _ aristines “sinopsisSi” 14 kanonia, radganac me-6 da me-7 kanonebi gaerTianebulia me-6 kanonad.

4. aTanase aleqsandrieli patriarqi (+373w.). qristianuli eklesiis erT-erTi udidesi mama, avtori mravalricxovani apoletetikuri, polemikuri, istoriul-dogmatikuri da moralur-zneobrivi xasiaTis Txzulebebisa, gansakuTrebiT cnobilia, rogorc arianuli moZRvrebis dauZinebeli mteri. is jer kidev mTavardiakonis xarisxSi aqtiuri monawile iyo pirveli msoflio saeklesio krebisa nikeaSi. arianelTa batonobis periodSi iyo devnili; antioqiis 341 wlis krebam daamtkica misi gankveTa. Tavis uflebebSi aRadgina sardikiis 343 wlis krebam. udides damsaxurebaTaTvis ,,marTlmadideblobis mamad” da ,,didad” wodebuli, gardaicvala 373w. aTanase aleqsandrielis mdidari werilobiTi literaturidan kanonikuri samarTlis istoriisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs mis 3 epistoles, romelic kanonikur kodeqsSi (XIV titlovani nomokanoni 883 wlis redaqciisa) aris Setanili. pirveli maTgani _ kanonikuri epistole amona monazonis mimarT dawerilia 356 wlis maxlobel xanebSi, pasuxad nitriis cnobili monazonis SekiTxvaze, Tu rogor unda ganisajos Ramis uneblie Secodebani Zilis dros. aTanases pasuxi dionise aleqsandrielis me-4 kanonis vrceli ganmartebaa1. meore epistole, romelic Cvenamde Tavnakluli saxiTaa moRweuli, Zveli da axali aRTqmis kanonikur, arakanonikur da apokriful wignebs exeba. epistole dawerilia 367 wels da miznad isaxavs morwmuneTa dacvas nayalbevi da eretikuli wignebis gavlenisagan.2 aTanases mesame epistole episkopos rufinianes mimarT 370 wlis maxloblad aris

1 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 466-4692 iqve, gv. 470-471

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dawerili da pasuxobs dasaxelebuli episkoposis SekiTxvas, Tu rogor unda mieRoT eklesiaSi eretikosTagan dabrunebuli morwmuneebi. ZiriTadad yofili arianelebi. sakiTxis ase dasma gamowveuli iyo im garemoebiT, rodesac arianuli moZRvreba ZalaSi iyo imperatorTa, gansakuTrebiT imperator valentines mfarvelobis Sedegad. bevr sasuliero pirs ZaldatanebiT miaRebines arianuli aRsareba. bolos, roca Zaldataneba Sewyda da marTlmadidebelT SeeZloT Tavisuflad eRiarebinaT sakuTari rwmena. bevrma sasuliero pirma miatova arianuli eresi da daubrunda marTlmadideblur eklesias. swored am garemoebam gamoiwvia zemoaRniSnuli SekiTxva aTanase aleqsandrielis mimarT. aTanase sapasuxo epistoleSi asaxelebs espaneTis, galeTis, eladis da aleqsandriis saeklesio krebebs, romlebmac gamoitanes kanonebi aRniSnuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba aris miqceuli aTanases TavmjdomareobiT mowveuli aleqsandriis 362 wlis saeklesio krebis specialur kanonze, sadac naTqvamia, rom sasuliero xarisxis mqone pirebi, romlebic ZaldatanebiT iyvnen gadayvanili arianobis mxareze, xolo Tavisi saqmianobiT da rwmeniT ar iyvnen arianelebi, Sewyalebuli unda iqnan da datovebulni TavianT xarisxSi. eklesias SeiZleba daubrundnen arianelTa yofili beladebi da eresis damcvelebi mxolod eriskacis uflebebSi1. krebis am dadgenilebas awvdis saxelmZRvanelod aTanase Tavis adresats. imis gamo, rom arianelTa batonobis periodSi am moZRvrebis Tavgamodebuli damcvelebi evdoqsi konstantinepolis episkoposi (360-70) da evzoios antioqiis episkoposi (364-376) arianul moZRvrebas marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebad aRiarebdnen, aTanase moiTxovs rufinianesagan, rom yvela arianelma, vinc qristianul eklesias daubrundeba, anaTema unda SeuTvalos dasaxelebul episkoposTa moZRvrebas da sazeimod aRiaron nikeis simbolo.2

aTanase aleqsandrielis epistoleTa rigi kanonikur krebulebSi Cveulebriv iseTivea, rogorc Cven zemoT CamovTvaleT. mxolod rusul ,,kanonTa wignSi” aris gadaadgilebuli meore da mesame epistole. ,,kormCaiaSi” sami epistolis Semdeg moTavsebulia kidev erTi nawyveti aseTi saTauriT ,,missive sxÂsa epistolisagan”, romelSic laparakia qalwulobis maRal Rirsebaze, magram es calke epistole ki ar aris, aramed mxolod bolo nawili imave amonisadmi gagzavnili epistolisa.

qarTul TargmanSi pirveli da meore epistole erTmaneTis Semdegaa moTvasebuli, magram rufinianesadmi miwerili mesame epistole didi sjuliskanonis sul boloSia gadatanili. aTanases epistoleTa aseT ganlageba

1 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 540-542. ieronimes mowmobiT, es epistole aTanasem gamogzavna udabnodan misi aleqsandriidan gandevnilobis Jams da Semonaxulia siriuli TargmaniT (Филарет, Историческое учение об отцах церкви, II, Спб., 1882, стр. 47).2 dasaxelebuli krebis Sesaxeb ix. Hefele. Conciliengeschichte, I, 727-728.

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arc erT kanonikur krebulSi ar Segvxvedria, xolo qarTuli Targmanis am Taviseburebis axsna ar xerxdeba.

5. basili kesarieli (+379 w.). ZiriTad kanonikur krebulSi Sesul saeklesio moRvaweTa epistolaruli kanonebidan TiTqmis naxevari ekuTvnis qristianuli eklesiis erT-erT udides mamas basili kesariels. qristianuli sarwmunoebis TiTqmis arc erTi saWirboroto sakiTxi ar darCenila, romlis Sesaxeb basilis Tavisi avtoritetuli sityva ar eTqva. misi Semoqmedeba da Rvawli Sefasebulia epiTetebiT ,,eklesiis dideba da mSveneba”, ,,basili didi”, rogorc mas Tanamedroveni da momdevno Taobebi uwodebdnen.

basili daibada kesariaSi 328 wels. saboloo ganaTleba miiRo aTenSi, sadac is grigol nazianzelTan erTad swavlobda. egvipteSi, palestinasa da mesopotamiaSi mogzaurobis Semdeg, iq gacnobili samonazvno cxovrebis zegavleniT, grigol nazianzelTan erTad ukacriel udabnoSi, mdinare iredis napirze, monastris wevri gaxda. is 370 wels miiwvies keisariis saepiskoposo kaTedraze, romelsac gardacvalebamde, 379 wlamde uZRveboda.

basili kesarielis mravaldargovani da mravalricxovani literaturuli memkvidroebidan SevexebiT mxolod im Txzulebebs, romelTa safuZvelzec ZiriTad kanonikur krebulSi Seitanes disciplinarul-organizaciuli da dogmaturi xasiaTis 92 saeklesio kanoni, Sedgenili basilis 8 epistolisa da erTi wignis _ ,,suliwmidis Sesaxeb” nawyvetebis mixedviT.

kanonikuri kodeqsis saTvalaviT basili didis 92 kanonTagan 87 kanonis Camoyalibebis istoria ikoniis cnobili episkoposis, amfiloqes saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli. amfiloqem, romelic saeklesio organizaciis sakiTxebSi zogjer siZneleebsa da gaugebobebs Sexvda, 374 wels epistoliT mimarTa Tavis megobars da amave dros misi azriT, sarwmunoebrivi dogmebis, eklesiis marTvisa da organizaciuli sakiTxebis yvelaze did mcodnes – basili kesariels daewera, kanonebi aRniSnul sferoSi.

basilim, rogorc TviTon wers, kanonebis Sedgenisas yuradReba miaqcia da gamoiyena, rogrc uZveles eklesiaTa Cveulebebi, agreTve eklesiis moZRvarTa krebebis dadgenilebebi, Seamowma da Seavso maTi naazrevi da 374 wlis bolos amfiloqes pirveli epistole gaugzavna, romelic 16 kanons Seicavda. meore aseTive 34 kanonis Semcveli epistole imave amfiloqes basilim momdevno 375 wels gaugzavna, xolo amave wlis bolos ukve mzad iyo mesame, aseve 24 kanonis Semcveli epistole.

kanonikur kodeqsSi Setanilia agreTve erTi kanoni (85-e), romelic warmoadgens nawyvets basilis 376 wlis epistolidan imave amfiloqes mimarT. amfiloqes ukavSirdeba basilis bolo ori kanonis (90-91) warmoSobis sakiTxic. es ori kanoni warmoadgens basilis vrceli Txzulebis ,,suli wmidis Sesaxeb”

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Sesabamisad 27-e da 29-e Tavebis nawyvetebs, xolo es cnobili Txzuleba basilma amfiloqe ikonielis daJinebiTi TxovniT dawera. wigni, romelic 375 wels aris dawerili aetisa da evnomis mimdevarTa winaaRmdeg, pirvel TavSi mogviTxrobs daweris mizezebze: erT-erT wirvaze aetianelebma mousmines basilis, romelic samebis dogmatSi zogjer xmarobda gamoTqmas: ,,dideba mamas Zis meSveobiT suli wmidaSi”, da basilis axali moZRvrebis Semotana daswames. amfiloqe, romelic TviTonac eswreboda am wirvas da es ciliswameba moismina, sTxova basilis daewera Txzuleba ,,suli wmidis Sesaxeb”, raTa gaeCumebina cilismwamebelni da marTlmadideblobis mtrebi, rac basilim Seasrula, sadac amarTlebs am gamoTqmas (συν τω πνευματι).

basilis danarCeni kanonebi (87-90) warmoadgens calkeul epistoleebs, gagzavnils basilis mier calkeuli pirebisadmi, romelime konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT (87-89) an misi eparqiis episkoposTa koleqtivisadmi (89-90) eparqiis sazogado sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.

epistole episkopos diodores mimarT, romelic kanonikur kodeqsSi erT kanons Seadgens (86-e) dawerilia 373 wels Semdegi mizeziT: balzamonis sityvebiT, viRacam am episkoposs hkiTxa, SeuZlia Tu ara mas meuRlis gardacvalebis gamo, colad misi da moiyvanos. diodorem weriliT upasuxa, rom SeiZleba, radgan kanonikuri dabrkoleba ar arsebobs (aT. sint. IV, 259). basili dids ki ukve gamocemuli hqonda kanoni aseTi qorwinebis akrZalvisa. basilim gaigo diodores werilis Sinaarsi da mas zemoxsenebuli epistole gaugzavna. basilis kanoni am sakiTxze eyrdnoba mociq. 19-e da neokesariis me-2 kanonebs, Tumca maT ar axsenebs da Tavis gamoTqmaSi ufro xSirad miuTiTebs uZveles Cveulebaze (έθος) da axali aRTqmis wignebze.

epistole grigol xucis mimarT, exeba nikeis I msoflio krebis me-3 kanonSi dasmul sakiTxebs, rom sasuliero pirs ufleba ara aqvs saxlSi iyolios ucxo dedakaci. am kanonis darRvevas ukiJinebs vinme grigol xucess, romelsac rogorc, sulieri da, saxlSi ucxo qali hyavda.

epistole xorepiskoposebis mimarT 370w. aris dawerili da Seicavs moTxovnas sasuliero msaxurad misaReb piris mkacri gamocdisa da Semowmebis Sesaxeb.

epistole xelqveiT episkoposebis mimarT imave 370w. aris dawerili da simoniis sakiTxebs exeba.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom e.w. ,,mamaTa kanonebidan” uZveles kanonikur krebulebSi yvelaze adre basili didis kanonebi Seitanes. pirvelad es ioane sqolastikosis VI s.-is krebulSi moxda. Tumca krebulSi analogiuri masalidan mxolod basilis kanonebi iqna Setanili, magram maTi ricxvi 1-68 kanoniT (amfiloqesadmi gagz. me-2 da me-3 epistole) amoiwureboda. basilis danarCeni

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kanonebi mxolod VII sauk. XIV titlovan sintagmaSi gamoCnda, iseve, rogorc sxva wm. mamebis epistolaruli kanonebi.

basilis epistoleTa kanonebad dayofis principi da ricxvi yvela kanonikur krebulSi erTnairi ar aris.

qarTul TargmanSi – did sjuliskanonSi 85 kanoni danomrilia, xolo momdevno xuTi epistole da 2 nawyveti wignidan – daunomravi.

6. grigol nazianzeli (RmrTismetyveli +390w.) konstantinepolis meore msoflio krebis mowvevis erT-erTi iniciatori da misi Tavmjdomare (dasawyisSi) grigol nazianzeli IV s. meore naxevris erT-erTi udidesi Teologi da mwerali iyo. TiTqmis ZaldatanebiT akurTxes is konstantinepolis saepiskoposo kaTedraze 379w., magram male, 381w. msoflio meore krebis msvlelobis dros, krebaze warmoqmnili aurzaurisa da areulobis sapasuxod (ix. II ms. kreba) Tavisi nebiT datova kaTedra da isev nazians daubrunda, sadac Txzulebebis weraSi ganamrtovebulad gaatara darCenili wlebi da sadac gardaicvala kidec 389 wels. cnobilia, rom grigol nazianzels Tavisi Txzulebebi uweria prozad da leqsad, iambikoebis formiT. swored misi erTi iambikuri Txzuleba, romelic Zveli da axali aRTqmis kanonikur wignebs, exeba. ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsSi Seitanes. es iambiko ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis yvela ZiriTad gamocemaSia.1

7. grigol noseli (+395w.) basili didis umcrosi Zma da grigol nazianzelis megobari grigol noseli cnobili iyo Tavisi Rrma ganaTlebiT da oratoruli niWiT. grigoli monawileobda meore msoflio da konstantinepolis 394 wlis krebebSi. misi didi damsaxurebisaTvis mas ,,marTlmadideblobis burjs” uwodebdnen.

misi mravalricxovani Txzulebebidan kanonikur krebulebSi mxolod erTi epistole Sevida. epistole dawerilia 390w. maxloblad pasuxad somxeTis melitinis provinciis episkoposis, litos SekiTxvebaze, Tu rogori sasjeli unda daedos sxvadasxva SecodebaTaTvis morwmuneebsa da samRvdelo pirebs. epistoleSi mJRavndeba grigol noselis Rrma fsiqologiuri codna. grigoli codvebs 3 kategoriad hyofs, romelTagan TiToeuli Seesabameba sulis sam Tvisebas: gonebis Zalas, survilis Zalas da aRgznebis Zalas. aqedan gamomdinareobs sikeTec da codvac.2

grigolis azriT, gonebis Secodebani danaSaulis yvelaze mZime formaa. grigolis epistole litos mimarT kanonikur krebulebSi 8 kanonadaa gayofili. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom grigolis kanonebs ara marto marTlmadidebluri eklesia aRiarebs, aramed somxeTisa da iakobituri eklesiebic.3

1 Филарет, dasax. naSr. II, gv. 158.2 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 521.3 aq grigoli platonis filosofias eyrdnoba (Beveregius, Synodicum sive Pandectae canonum V, p. 298).

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grigol noselis dabadebis weli zustad ar aris cnobili. viciT mxolod, rom is iyo umcrosi Zma basili didisa, skolis Semdeg aswavlida basili. Tavdapirvelad iyo ritorikis maswavlebeli, SeirTo coli. magram maleve miatova is, dautova mas yvelaferi da berad Sedga basili didis mier md. xrisis napirze daarsebul monasterSi. 372w. nosis episkoposi gaxda da marTavda 381w.-mde.

381w. marTlmadideblobis dasacavad eswreboda II msoflio krebas. gardacalebis weli cnobili araa, magram eswreboda 394w. konstantinepolis adgilobriv krebas. datova mdidari literaturuli memkvidreoba.

8. amfiloqe ikonieli (+395w.). basili didisa da grigol nazianzelis Tanamedrove da megobari. amfiloqe imave kesariaSi daibada, sadac basili didi. fiqroben, rom is axlo naTesavi iyo grigol nazianzelisa1, romlis STagonebiT veqilis wodeba 372 wels gacvala samonazvno cxovrebaze. 373 wels amfiloqe likaonis provinciis imdroindeli mTavari qalaqis, ikoniis episkoposi gaxda.2

amfiloqe ikonieli eswreboda meore msoflio krebas, romelmac mas miando marTlmadidebluri principebis aRdgena mcire aziis provinciebis eklesiebSi.3

is eswreboda konstantinepolis 394 wlis krebasac. unda gardacvliliyo 395 wels. saeklesio istorikosTa da sxva wyaroTa mowmobiT, amfiloqe ikonieli sxvadasxva Janris saeklesio TxzulebaTa avtori yofila, Tumca Cvenamde Zalze cotam moaRwia. maT Soris aris vrceli epistole, iambikurad dawerili, pedagogiuri xasiaTisa. epistoles adresatia mdidari axalgazrda didebuli, cnobili sardlis, traianis SviliSvili selevkosi.4 avtoris sityviT, 333 leqsisgan Semdgari iambiko samebis sadideblad aris dawerili5. dasaxelebuli iambikos bolo nawili, sadac CamoTvlilia saRmrTo werilis kanonikuri wignebi, trulis 691 wlis krebis me-2 kanonis dadgenilebiT ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis SedgenilobaSi Sevida.6

9. timoTe aleqsandrieli (+385w.). aTanase didi aleqsandrielis mowafe timoTe aleqsandrieli iyo sakuTari Zmis, petres memkvidre aleqsandriis sapatriarqo kaTedraze 379 wlidan. mis Sesaxeb cota ram aris cnobili. timoTe aleqsandrieli monawileobda meore msoflio krebis saqmianobaSi da aqtiuri momxre iyo konstantinepolis saeklesio kaTedris avtoritetisa da uflebebis gazrdisa, rac dasaxelebuli krebis erT-erT mTavar sakiTxTagans Seadgenda.

1 Филарет, dasax. naSr. gv. 156.2 Филарет, dasax. naSr. II, gv. 156.3 Сократ, История церкви, V, 8.4 Сократ, Церковная история, V, 8. Созомен, VII, 9, Θеодорим, V, 8.5 iambiko laTinuri TargmaniTurT gamocemulia Cener-is mier 1609w. agreTve, Combefis, Op. Amphilochvili, p. 117-135.6 Филарет, dasax. naSr. II, gv. 161.

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unda SevniSnoT, rom timoTe aleqsandrieli saeklesio kaTedraze Tavisi winamorbedisa da Zmis petre aleqsandrielis msgavsad (ix. II msof. kr.). grigol nazianzelis mimarT ar iyo simpaTiurad ganwyobili da meore msoflio krebaze im dajgufebaSi Sedioda, romelic Tvlida, rom grigol nazianzels ukanonod eWira konstantinepolis sapatriarqo kaTedra.1 gardaicvala timoTe 385w.

Cvenamde moaRwia timoTe aleqsandrielis mravalma kanonikurma pasuxma SekiTxvebze, romliTac mas mimarTavdnen episkoposebi da sxva sasuliero pirebi.2

maTgan zogadqristianul kanonikur kodeqsSi 18 aseTi kiTxva-migebaa Setanili, zogierT krebulSi ki _ mxolod TxuTmeti. mag. “Кормчая книга” (Tav. 32), sadac timoTe aleqsandrielis pasuxebi kanonebad iwodebian, da qarTul TargmanSi – did sjuliskanonSi.3

10. Teofile aleqsandrieli (+412w.). aleqsandriis eklesiis patriarqis Teofile aleqsandrielis biografiaSi xSirad sayveduriT ixsenieben mis arakeTil damokidebulebas ioane oqropirisadmi.

Teofiles literaturuli memkvidreobidan Cvenamde moRweulia misi pasqaluri sityvebi da ramdenime epistole, romelTagan ZiriTad kanonikur kodeqsSi Sevida: 1) sityuaÁ. raJams-igi daemTxÂa RmrTisgamoCinebaÁ kÂrikesa dResa _ pirvel kanonad, romelSic ganmartebulia, Tu rogor unda imarxulon morwmuneebma im kvira dRes, roca is RmrTisgamoCinebis dResaswaulis winadRea. 2) instruqcia (υπομνηστικόν. commonitoρiυm) micemuli amonisaTvis, rodesac es ukanaskneli rwmunebulad gaagzavna likoniis (lvikoÁs) episkopos apolonTan zogierTi saeklesio sakiTxis gadasaWrelad. ZiriTadad saqme exeboda arianelTa batonobis dros maT mxareze nebiT Tu ZaldatanebiT gadasul sasuliero pirTa sakiTxs, mas Semdeg, rac am provinciaSi arianobaze isev marTlmadideblobam gaimarjva. es epistole Tu instruqcia kanonikur kodeqsSi 10 kanonad aris gayofili. sakiTxi ZiriTadad isea gadawyvetili, rogorc aTanase aleqsandrielis epistoleSi rufinianes mimarT. 3) epistole episkopos afinogenis mimarT, romelic warmoadgens pasuxs dasaxelebuli episkoposis SekiTxvaze, Tu rogor unda miiRon eklesiaSi kaTarebi (navatianelebi), anu, rogorc qarTul TargmanSia, ,,ganwmendilad wodebulni” da saxelmZRvanelod miuTiTebs nikeis I msoflio krebis me-8 kanonze. 4) epistole episkopos agaTonis mimarT ukanono qorwinebis Sesaxeb erTi kerZo SemTxvevis magaliTze. 5) epistole

1 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 522-523.2 “Кормчая книга”-s 1787w. gamocemaSi (gv. 50) naTqvamia, rom timoTe aleqsandriels ar SeiZleba wmidani vuwodoT `imitom, rom is iyo damnaSave patriarqobidan grigol nazianzelis gadayenebaSi”.3 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 524-526. Pitra-s 62 aseTi kiTxva-pasuxi aqvs gamocemuli (Iuris ecclesiastici graecorum historia et monumenta, I, 630-643)

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episkopos minas mimarT momxvWelobisaTvis eklesiidan gankveTili qalis isev eklesiaSi dabrunebis Sesaxeb Tuki is gulwrfelad aRiarebs da moinaniebs.1

11. kirile aleqsandrieli (+444w.) Teofile aleqsandrielis diswuli da memkvidre aleqsandriis saeklesio kaTedraze _ kirile aleqsandrieli V saukunis I naxevris didi saeklesio movlenebis centrSi idga. kirile iyo mesame msoflio krebis mowvevis mTavari iniciatori. misi avtoriteti erTiorad gaizarda marTlmadideblur samyaroSi mas Semdeg rac misi meTaurobiT efesos msoflio krebaze marTlmadideblurma eklesiam nestorianul moZRvrebas sastiki ganaCeni gamoutana. misi cnobili 12 muxlisagan Sedgenili anaThema,2 mimarTuli nestorianobis winaaRmdeg, qrstianuli dogmis saxelmZRvanelod iTvleboda.

kirile aleqsandrielis mdidari werilobiTi memkvidreobidan ori kanonikuri epistole marTlmadidebluri eklesiis ZiriTad kanonikur krebulSi Sevida. pirveli maTgani antioqiis patriarqis, domnos mimarT aris miwerili, marTalia, konkretuli sakiTxis gamo – petre episkoposis kaTedridan iZulebiT gadayenebasTan dakavSirebiT, magram Seicavs zogad qristianuli eklesiisaTvis mniSvnelovan kanons, romlis mixedviT episkoposis gasamarTleba da gankveTa SeuZlia mxolod Sesabamisi eparqiis episkoposTa krebas. es epistole yvela kanonikur krebulSi 3 kanonad aris gayofili.3 meore epistole mimarTulia libiisa da xuTqalaqis episkoposTa mimarT Tebaidel monazonTa saCivarTan dakavSirebiT, dasaxelebul provinciebis eklesiebSi zogierT uwesobaTa Sesaxeb, rac, upirveles yovlisa, sasuliero pirebad Seuferebeli kandidatebis SerCevaSi gamoixateboda.

es epistole kanonikuri kodeqsis ZiriTad gamocemebSi or kanonad aris gayofili, xolo qarTul TargmanSi ki 4 kanonad4, rac ufro Seefereba mis Sinaarsobriv mxares.

“Кормчая книга”-Si (Tav. 34), garda dasaxeebuli epistoleebisa, damatebiT 4 epistolea Setanili da, maT Soris, nestoris winaaRmdeg mimarTuli 12 anaTema, rac sinopsisidan Cans gadmotanili Pitra – ki damatebiT or epistoles aTavsebs: maqsime diakonis mimarT da genadi arqimandritis mimarT.5

12. genadi konstantinepoleli (+571w.) 459 wels konstantinopolSi mowveulma adgilobrivma krebam, romelsac genadi konstantinepoleli Tavmjdomareobda, imsjela eklesiis zogierT msaxurTa Soris gavrcelebul mavne Cveulebis Sesaxeb, rac sasuliero xarisxis da Tanamdebobebis yidva-gayidvaSi gamoixateboda, e.i. simoniis Sesaxeb. krebis mier miRebuli ZiriTadi dadgenilebebi mocemulia

1 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 527-5302 LДеяния вселенских соборов, I, стр. 3 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 531-533.4 iqve, gv. 533-534.5 aTenis sintagma, IV, 398; 405-407.

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im epistoleSi, romelic genadi konstantinepolelisa da krebis monawileTa saxeliT gaegzavna aRmosavleTis eklesiis episkoposebsa da romis paps da romelsac xeli moawera krebis monawile 81 episkoposma. dasaxelebuli e.w. “mrguliv mosavleli” epistole genadi konstantinepolelis saxeliT jer kidev meeqvse msoflio, ufro swored, trulis 691 wlis krebamde Sevida ZiriTadi kanonikuri krebulis 14-titlovani sintagmis SedgenilobaSi, sxvaTa Soris, aRniSnuli xelismowerebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom epistole sakmaod vrcelia, is kanonebad arcerT krebulSi ar aris dayofili.

tarasi konstantinepoleli (+809w.). meSvide msoflio krebis mowvevis iniciatori tarasi konstantinopoleli patriarqi gaxda moulodnelad, TiTqmis Tavisi survilis sawinaaRmdegod. is iyo prefeqtis Svili da senatori, irine imperatoris mdivani. igi saero da saeklesio xelisufalTa erToblivi azriT patriarqobis yvelaze Rirseul kandidatad miiCnies da 786 wels konstantinepolis saeklesio kaTedraze airCies.

tarasis mravalricxovani epistoleebisa da sityvebidan kanonikuris samarTlis istoriisaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani – epistole adriane romis papisadmi simoniis Sesaxeb ZiriTad kanonikur krebulSi Sevida. uZveles kanonikur krebulebSi da 14 titlovani nomokanonis xelnawerebSi tarasi konstantinopolelis dasaxelebuli epistole moTavsebulia meSvide msoflio krebis kanonebis Semdeg, radganac epistole nikeis meSvide msoflio krebis damTavrebisTanave daiwera da SeuerTda krebis masalebs, e.i. miCneuli iqna krebis saqmianobis nawilad. am epistolis gadatana sasuliero moRvaweTa kanonikuri epistoleebis rigSi gacilebiT gviandeli ambavia da vfiqrobT, nomokanonis XII saukunis cnobil komentatorTa iniciativa unda iyos (rogorc es aTenis sintagmaSi gvaqvs, asevea epistoleTa rigSi moqceuli es epistole pitra-s da beverujis gamocemebSi. beneSeviCTan saerTod ar aris). qarTul TargmanSi tarasis epistole VII msoflio krebis Semdeg modis, e.i. gvaZlevs uZveles kanonikur krebulTa suraTs.

dasaxelebuli epistoliT mTavrdeba ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsi marTlmadidebluri eklesiisa, e.i. 14 titlovani nomokanoni 883w. redaqciisa.

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ilia abulaZe Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis mkvlevari1*

Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis gamoCenil mkvlevarTa Soris ilia abulaZem Tavisi gamorCeuli adgili daimkvidra. samecniero Sromebis Tematikis mravalferovneba da mravalplanianoba mas qarTul filologiur da istoriul mecnierebaTa universalur mkvlevarad warmoaCinebs. qarTul-somxuri literaturuli urTierTobani da saerTod armenologia, enaTmecniereba, kerZod, leqsikur-etimologiuri da leqsikografiis sakiTxebi, istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobisa da paleografiis calkeuli problemebi, qarTuli mecnier-kritikul bazaze dafuZnebuli teqstologiis damkvidreba – es mxolod nawilia ilia abulaZis samecniero interesebisa. mTavari asparezi misi samecniero Ziebisa mainc qarTuli sasuliero originaluri da naTargmni literaturuli Zeglebis kvleva da gamocema iyo. misi TiToeuli wigni, romelic romelime gansakuTrebuli Txzulebis Seswavlasa da misi teqstis maRalmecnierul doneze Sesrulebul gamocemas eZRvneba, samagaliToa da qarTuli filologiuri mecnierebis iseTi SenaZenia, romelsac yavli arasodes gauva.

marTalia, ilia abulaZis samecniero Sromebs kargad icnobs qarTuli da ucxouri qarTvelologiuri wreebi, magram specialistebTan erTad dainteresebul araspecialist mkiTxvelTaTvis Cven mimovixilavT mis samecniero memkvidreobis erT nawils, rom gavuadviloT maT imis gageba, rac araspecialistTaTvis arc Tu advilad dasanaxavia.

ilia abulaZis Sromebis mimoxilvas or nawilad warmovadgenT:1) naSromebi, romlebic qarTul originalur Zeglebis Seswavlas eTmoba.2) naSromebi, romlebic berZnul da arabul enebidan Targmnil TxzulebaTa

Seswavla–gamocemas iTvaliswinebs. naTargmn Zeglebs Cven Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis dargebis Sesabamisad ganvixilavT: hagiografia, asketika, bibliologia, egzegetika, homiletika.

„iakob curtaveli, martvloba¡ SuSanikisi“ – aris ilia abulaZis pirveli wigni, romelic mieZRvna qarTuli originaluri hagiorgafiis pirvel Zegls (gamovida 1938 w.). wignze muSaobis periodSi, 1935 wels, gamoqveynda belgieli orientalistisa da qarTvelologis paul peetersis vrceli werili „SuSanikis wamebis“ qarTuli da somxuri Txzulebebis urTierTobaTa sakiTxebis Sesaxeb (P. Peeters, Sainte Sousanik, Martyre en Armeno-géorgie, Analecta Bollandiana, LIII, Ḟasc. III-IV, 1935, p. 245-307). ilia abulaZe aRniSnavs, rom Tavisi Sromis mTavari nawili – qarTul–somxuri teqstebis urTierTdamokidebulebis teqstologiur sakiTxebs ekava, magram p. peetersis naSromis gacnobis Semdeg, man damatebiTi sakiTxebi Seitana kvleviT nawilSi, radgan belgieli mecnieri „aqamdis Sewynarebul azrs upirispirdeboda, iZulebuli gavxdiT narkvevis farglebi gagvefarTovebina da SevCerebuliyaviT saeWvod miCneul momentebzedac, romlebic uamisod

* daibeWda: krebulSi `ilia abulaZe _ 100~, Tbilisi, 2003 weli.

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SesaZlebelia masSi arc Sesuliyo“ (gv. 9).erTi sityviT, ilia abulaZis am naSromis SeqmnaSi, romelic „SuSanikis wamebis“

saukeTeso gamocemad rCeba dRemde, p. peetersis dausabuTebel debulebebze amomwuravma pasuxebmac Tavisi wvlili Seitana.

p. peetersis gancxadebaTa sapasuxod, rom SuSanikis Tavgadasavals ar icnobs „moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ“, „qarTlis cxovrebis“ mematianeebi da maT Soris juanSeris Txzuleba, liturgikuli da himnografiuli krebulebi, radgan, Turme, „SuSanikis wameba“ XI s. adre arc arsebula, ilia abulaZem TvalnaTliv daanaxa mkiTxvels, rom belgieli mecnieri saTanadod ar icnobda qarTul wyaroebs. p. peetersis mier dasaxelebuli yvela wyaro metnaklebi sisruliT exeba SuSanikTan dakavSirebul ambebs, rogorc es ilia abulaZem aCvena am wyaroebidan amokrebili da Tavis gamokvlevaSi gaanalizebuli amonawerebis safuZvelze: „moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ“, marTalia, mcireodeni qronologiuri cTomilebiT (VI s.) aRniSnavs varsqen pitiaxSis mier SuSanikis wamebis faqts. juanSeris (XI s.) TxzulebaSi „cxovrebaÁ vaxtang gurgasalisaÁ“ sakmaod vrclad aris aRwerili SuSanikisa da varsqenis dapirispireba maTi sarwmunoebrivi Seurigeblobis niadagze da SuSanikis wamebis detalebi. ilia abulaZe imowmebs adgilebs „ganyofisaTÂs qarTlisa da somxiTisa“–dan, sadac laparakia mose somexTa episkoposis curtavidan gandevnis Sesaxeb, romelic SuSanikis saflavis eklesias ganagebda. miqel modrekilis (978–989 ww.) sagalobelSi „ÃsenebaÁ yovelTa wmidaTa...“ aris SuSanikis saxelic: „mÃnesa SuSaniks maT Tanave vaqebdeT“. SuSanikis xseneba dadasturebuli yofila erT-erT uZveles liturgikul ZeglSi, romelic qarTul TargmanSi „ierusalimis ganCinebis“ saxeliT aris cnobili (VII s.). aq 17 oqtombris dReze Setanilia erTi defeqturad SemorCenili xseneba „ÃsenebaÁ kozmanisi, romeli qarTls iwama“. am Zeglis gamomcemelma k. kekeliZem mxolod is aRniSna, rom aseT wmindans qarTuli hagiologia ar icnobs, xolo ilia abulaZem ki maxvilgonivrulad SeniSna, rom teqstis dedans hqonda xarvezi, rac gadmovida „ganCinebis“ xelnawerSi, romlis sruli teqsti ase unda aRdges: „ÃsenebaÁ kozmanisi da damianesi da SuSanikisa, romeli qarTls iwama“. ilia abulaZes teqstis aRdgenaSi teqstologiuri alRo da wyaroebis safuZvliani codna daexmara: kozman da damianes sxvadasxva dReebze dadebul xsenebaTagan (1 VII, 19 VII; 17 X; 1 XI; 29 XI). man yuradReba gaamaxvila 17 oqtomberze, radgan am mowameebTan erTad ixsenieba SuSanikic, rogorc es sweria „SuSanikis wamebis“ teqstis bolos, aman ukarnaxa mecniers nakluli teqstis amgvari aRdgenis SesaZlebloba, rac SemdgomSi daadastura kidec „ierusalimis ganCinebis“ gvian gamovlenilma nusxebmac (mag. parizuli xelnaweri) da ioane-zosimes kalendarmac, romlis erT–erTi wyaro „ierusalimis ganCinebis“ gamoyenebuli xelnaweri xsenebis srul teqsts Seicavda. am faqtebTan dakavSirebiT ilia abulaZes moaqvs erTi magaliTi am sami mowamis erTad moxseniebisa maSinac ki, rodesac SuSaniki iq absoluturad zedmetia: XI s. erT hagiografiul–martvilologiur krebulSi (H 341) Setanilia kozman da damianes „wameba“ aseTi saTauriT: „Tuesa oktonbersa iz (17) wmidaTa kozmasi da damianesi da wmidisa

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SuSanikisi“. ra Tqma unda, am naTargmn Txzulebis teqstSi SuSanikis xsenebac ar aris – aramcTu misi „wamebis“ teqsti. cxadia, rom saTauri meqanikurad aris aRebuli romeliRac qarTuli kalendris 17 noembris xsenebis dRidan.

p. peetersis aramarTebuli damokidebuleba qarTuli Txzulebis Rirsebebisadmi, romelsac man nayalbevi uwoda, xolo misi avtori aramcTu SuSanikis Tanamedroved da mis droindel movlenaTa monawiled miiCnia, aramed XI s. gamogonil pirad aRiara, ilia abulaZis sakmaod mkacri Sefasebis sagani gaxda, rac, upirveles yovlisa, mis mier mikvleuli im sarwmuno faqtebiT gamoxata, romelic p. peetersis TiToeul debulebasa da mosazrebas abaTilebda. ilia abulaZem gamoavlina erTi mniSvnelovani faqti, rom VI s. qarTuli hagiografiuli Txzulebis „evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis“ teqsti amJRavnebs „SuSanikis wamebis“ gavlenis kvals da moaqvs kidec frazeologiuri msgavsebis magaliTebi, Tumca sabolood mainc Tavmdablurad askvnis: „aRniSnuli SemTxvevebi ar unda iyos sruliad SemTxveviTi. aq, Tu uSualo gadmoRebis Sedegi ara, yovel SemTxvevaSi, erTsa da imave epoqis ena metyvelebs“.

ilia abulaZem Txzulebis qarTuli da somxuri teqstebis zedmiwevniTi Sedarebis safuZvelze gamovlenili detalebis kvalificiuri analiziT gviCvena belgieli mecnieris debulebaTa sisuste da eWvmiutanlad daamtkica, rom qarTuli Txzuleba pirveladia da warmoadgens somxur TxzulebaTa pirvelwyaros, e.i. somxuri qarTulis Targmani da gadakeTebaa. somxuri da qarTuli Zeglebis SedarebiTi analizi pirvelad iv. javaxiSvilma Caatara jer kidev 1916 w. da daadgina, rom V s. Seqmnili „SuSanikis wameba“, dawerili am ambebis Tanamonawilis – iakob xucesis mier, mogvianebiT, VIII s. Targmnes somxur enaze da es Targmani gaxda somxurad ramdenime redaqciis Txzulebis Seqmnis safuZveli. belgieli mecnieri an ar icnobs iv. javaxiSvilis am Sromas, an Segnebulad ar asaxelebs mas. amitom ilia abulaZis mier motanili sarwmuno argumentebi aris iv. javaxiSvilis debulebebis dadastureba da maTi gaRrmaveba im teqstologiuri Sromatevadi samuSaos SesrulebiT, romelic manamde ar Catarebula. ilia abulaZem qarTuli teqstis paralelurad warmoadgina somxuri vrceli redaqciis teqsti miseuli TargmaniT Tanamedrove qarTul enaze, rac somxuri enis aramcodnes saSualebas aZlevs TvalnaTliv dainaxos teqstologiuri Sepirispirebis Sedegebi. teqstologiuri analizis safuZvelze ilia abulaZem Camoayaliba aseTi daskvnebi:

somxuri „SuSanikis wamebis“ mokle redaqcia (romlis qarTuli Targmani 920 w. aris Sesrulebuli) warmoadgens im somxuri vrceli redaqciis Txzulebis Semoklebas, romelic dRes Tavdapirveli saxiT aRar arsebobs da gansxvavdeboda dRes arsebuli somxuri vrceli redaqciis Txzulebisagan. swored „SuSanikis wamebis“ dakarguli vrceli somxuri Txzuleba iyo „SuSanikis wamebis“ qarTuli Txzulebis teqstis Targmani Tu gadakeTeba, rac dasturdeba imiT, rom misi SemoklebiT miRebuli somxuri mokle redaqciis Txzuleba met teqstobriv msgavsebas amJRavnebs qarTul TxzulebasTan, vidre dRes arsebuli somxur

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vrcel TxzulebasTan. aqve vityviT, rom ilia abulaZis sayuradRebo daskvnis mixedviT dRes arsebuli somxuri vrceli redaqciis Txzuleba aRmocenebulia somxuri mokle redaqciis safuZvelze.

somxur teqstebSi waSlilia qarTuli Txzulebis TviTmxilveli avtoris kvali da qarTuli Txzulebis pirveli piris Txroba somxur redaqciis Txzu-lebebSi Secvlilia mesame piriT TxrobiT. aseve, ilia abulaZis samarTliani SefasebiT, qarTuli Zeglis daxvewili, lakonuri Txroba, cocxali mxatvruli suraTebi, gulwrfeli da bunebrivi dialogebi, saintereso yofiTi detalebi, movlenaTa realisturi aRwera da msgavsi mravali niuansi, rac qarTul Txzulebas ara marto qarTuli, aramed saerTod hagiografiuli literaturis Sedevrad aqcevs, somxurad Targmnil da gadakeTebul teqstebSi zogi ram gafermkrTalebulia, zogic gamotovebuli, ZiriTadad is epizodebi, romlebic qarTul yofas, istoriul da geografiul garemos da sxva detalebs aRwers. somxuri dRes arsebuli vrceli Txzulebis teqsti qarTulTan SedarebiT orjer gazrdilia usaSvelod gagrZelebuli SuSanikisa da sxvaTa locva–vedrebaTa, darigebebisa da Segonebebis xarjze da Tu warmodgenil suraTs gavagrZelebT, namdvilad sworia ilia abulaZis debuleba, rom teqstis moculobis TvalsazrisiT orjer vrceli somxuri Txzuleba qarTul dedanTan SedarebiT Sinaarsoblivad mainc Semoklebulia. ilia abulaZes detalurad aqvs aRricxuli da gaanalizebuli epizodebi, romlebic somxur TargmanSi ar aisaxa; saerTo epizodebis Taviseburi warmoCena somxurSi; epizodebi, romlebic ar aris qarTulSi da aris Setanili somxurSi. ilia abulaZis samarTliani daskvniT somxuri Txzulebis interpolatorisaTvis ZiriTadia ara Txzulebis faqtobrivi mxare, aramed RvTismetyvelebiTi (locva-vedreba da sxva).

ilia abulaZem mecnierulad argumentirebuli pasuxi gasca p. peetersis absurdul mosazrebas, rom qarTuli „SuSanikis wameba“ Seiqmna mas Semdeg, rac 920 wels qarTulad iTargmna somxuri enidan „SuSanikis wamebis“ mokle redaqciis teqsti (Ath. 8, X s.) da rom qarTuli Txzuleba aris pasuxi somxuridan naTargmni Txzulebisa. aseTive pasuxi gasca man p. peetersis im mosazrebasac, rom „SuSanikis wamebam“ isargebla X s. somexi istorikosis SromaSi SuSanikis martvilobis Sesaxeb daculi cnobiT. ilia abulaZis gamokvlevis Sedegebze, Tu ra damokidebulebaa qarTul Txzulebasa da somxuri mokle redaqciis Txzulebas Soris, ukve visaubreT. rac Seexeba uxtaness, ilia abulaZis sarwmuno gamokvleviT man ZiriTadad isargebla „epistoleTa wignis“ monacemebiT da SesaZloa qarTuli Txzulebis zogierTi adgiliT da ara piriqiT.

samagaliTod gamocemuli „SuSanikis wamebis“ teqsti, mis paralelurad motanili somxuri teqsti da misi Tanamedrove qarTul enaze Sesrulebuli ilia abulaZiseuli Targmani, gamocemis damatebaSi gamoqveynebuli qarTuli da somxuri liturgikuli teqstebi, bolos darTuli qarTuli da somxuri teqstebis variantuli kiTxva-sxvaobebi, daqaragmebul qarTul sityvaTa gaxsnis sia, leqsikoni, sityvaTa saZiebeli, saxelTa saZiebeli da fundamentaluri

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filologiur-teqstologiuri gamokvleva da iq Sekrebili wyaroTmcodneobiTi da literaturuli masala ilia abulaZis am naSroms miakuTvnebs qarTuli filologiuri mecnierebis did monapovarTa ricxvs, romelic am Txzulebis mravalricxovan gamocemaTa Soris albaT kidev didxans darCeba saukeTeso gamocemad.

bolos, erTi SeniSvnac: Txzulebis avtors iakob xucesis saxeli ufro Seefereba, vidre iakob curtavelisa. meorec, arc erT xelnawerSi Txzulebas „martviloba“ ar ewodeba, yvelgan mas „wamebaÁ“ hqvia (qarTul hagiografiul Zeglebis saxelwodebaSi erTaderTi gamonaklisi mxolod „vestaTi mcxeTelis martvilobaÁ“ aris).

Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis meore, originaluri hagiografiis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili naSromi ilia abulaZem e.w. „asureli mamaTa“ teqstologiisa da filologiuri rTuli sakiTxebis garkvevas dauTmo. 1955 w. dabeWdili wigni „asurel moRvaweTa cxovrebis wignTa Zveli redaqciebi“ moicavs ioane zedaznelis, Sio mRvimelis, daviT garejelis kimenur (e.i. Tavdapirvel) da metafrasul (e.i. gavrcobil-gadakeTebul) „cxovrebaTa“ da abibos nekreselis mokle da vrceli „wamebaTa“ kritikulad dadgenil teqstebs, TiToeuli maTganis Sesaxeb gamokvlevas, agreTve leqsikons da saZieblebs. damatebaSi dabeWdilia „Sio mRvimelis saswaulebi“, romelic samecniero literaturaSi naklebad aris Seswavlili.

ilia abulaZe am naSromSi ZiriTad yuradRebas uTmobs iovane zedaznelis „cxovrebaTa“ sami erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli redaqciis urTierTmimarTebisa da TiToeuli maTganis warmomavlobis sakiTxebis garkvevas. sakiTxi gaamwvava 1913 wels iv. javaxiSvilis mier „qarTlis cxovrebis“ e.w. ana dedofliseul (Q-795, XV s) teqstSi iovane zedaznelis, marTalia, sagrZnoblad bolonakluli, magram manamde ucnobi redaqciis „cxovrebis“ gamovlenam. manamde qarTul samecniero literaturaSi „simSvide“ sufevda: cnobili iyo zemoCamoTvlili mamebis TiTo mokle da TiTo mokles gavrcobiT Seqmnili metafrasuli „cxovreba“, maT Soris ioane zedaznelisac. iv. javaxiSvilma axal „cxovrebas“ aseTi kvalifikacia misca: es aris am moRvawis meore metafrasuli redaqciis „cxovreba“ da iseve, rogorc didi xnis winaT cnobili ioane zedaznelis metafrasuli „cxovreba“, Seqmnilia mokle e.w. arqetipis safuZvelze. teqstis winasityvaobis mixedviT iv. javaxiSvilma aRniSna am axali „cxovrebis“ Seqmnis mizezic: zedaznis monastris CvenTvis ucnobma winamZRvarma miqaelma, mimarTa „cxovrebis“ momaval avtors, daewera Tavisi monastris damaarseblis cxovreba da moRvaweoba, radgan albaT misi azriT, arsebuli mokle „cxovreba“ („qartaÁ wulili“) sruliad ver asaxavda ioanes Rvawls.

ilia abulaZe, sanam axladgamovlenili ioane zedaznelis „cxovrebis“ avkargianobaze Tavis mosazrebebs warmoadgenda, gulistkivils gamoTqvams im faqtze, rom am marTlac, saintereso Zeglma qarTvel mecnierTa saTanado yuradReba ver daimsaxura da iv. javaxiSvilis, k. kekeliZisa da l. menabdis

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zogadi SefasebebiT Semoifargla, xolo misi teqstis gamoqveynebisa da ioane zedaznelis cxovrebis sxva redaqciebTan mimarTebiT Seswavlis survili aravis gasCenia. am Zeglis gamovlenidan (1913 w.) ilia abulaZis mier Sesrulebul pirvel gamocemamde (1955 w.) ki – 42 weli gavida. ilia abulaZis azriT, qarTul filologiur mecnierebaSi saTanadod ver Sefasda anaseuli „qarTlis cxovrebaSi“ Setanili, ioane zedaznelis cxovrebis erTaderTi teqstis namdvili mniSvneloba, rom es unikaluri Zegli meorexarisxovan metafrasul Txzulebad miiCnies maSin, rodesac igi aris is pirvelwyaro, romlisganac Semdeg Seiqmna ioane zedaznelis sxva redaqciis „cxovrebebi“.

ilia abulaZes ioane zedaznelis „cxovrebaTa“ mravali teqstologiuri, erTmaneTTan Sepirispirebuli magaliTi moaqvs im debulebis dasamtkiceblad, rom samecniero literaturaSi e.w. arqetipad (s. kakabaZe) an kimenurad (k. kekeliZe) miCneuli teqsti sxva araferia, Tu ara anaseuli „qarTlis cxovrebis“ teqstisagan gamokrebili. Semoklebuli teqsti e.w. erTgvari svinaqsaruli redaqcia da imowmebs s. janaSias azrs, rom „kakabaZis mier gamocemuli teqstebi, rasakvirvelia, arqetipebi ki ar aris, aramed mermindeli Semoklebebi (svinaqsaruli midrekilebisa), simokle ar aris erTaderTi da aucilebeli niSani amgvari Zeglebis siZvelisa~ (s. janaSia, Sromebi, II, Tb., 19... gv. 288, SeniSvna).

amrigad, ilia abulaZis mier SemuSavebuli sqema ioane zedaznelis sami „cxovrebis“ urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb aseTia: pirveladia anaseuli „qarTlis cxovrebaSi“ Setanili teqsti, aqedan gamokreba-SemokrebiT Seiqmna mokle redaqciis teqsti, xolo mokle teqstis gavrcoba- gadametafrasebis Sedegad Camoyalibda metafrasuli versiis is teqsti romelic jer kidev m. sabininma gamoaqveyna Tavis „saqarTvelos samoTxeSi“ 1882 wels.

k. kekeliZem Tavis cnobil narkvevs „sakiTxi siriel moRvaweTa qarTlSi mosvlis Sesaxeb“, romelic 1925 w. daibeWda (Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis „moambe“, t. VI, 1925 w.) ilia abulaZis siriel mamebis Sesaxeb 1955 w. gamoqveynebuli wignis gacnobis Semdeg axali, VI Tavi daumata da dabeWda Tavis „etiudebis“ I tomSi 1956 w., romelSic man ar gaiziara ilia abulaZis mtkicebulebani ioane zedaznelis anaseuli „qarTlis cxovrebis“ teqstis Sesaxeb da tradiciuli azri daicva. ilia abulaZemac rom Tavisi poziciebi ar daTmo Cans iqidanac, rom am kamaTidan rva wlis Semdeg, rodesac ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqtorobiT „Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebis“ I tomi daibeWda (1964 w.), ioane zedaznelis „cxovrebis“ „qarTlis cxovrebiseuli“ teqsti da misive „cxovrebis“ mokle redaqciis teqstebi erTmaneTis paralelurad moaTavsa, magram pirvels A literi miakuTvna, xolo meores A-B. e.i. pirveladad man pirveli redaqcia gamoacxada, xolo meore misgan gamokrebilad CaTvala.

am sakamaTo problemam Tavi iCina meore sirieli mamis – Sio mRvimelis „cxovrebaTa“ redaqciebis ganxilvisas. saqme isaa, rom „qarTlis cxovrebiseuli“ ioane zedaznelis „cxovrebis“ teqsti bolonaklulia da aravin icis mTavrdeboda igi ioanes cxovrebiT, Tu grZeldeboda Sios cxovrebis aRweriT. k. kekeliZis

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mtkicebiT, ioane zedaznelis kimenur „cxovrebas“ agrZelebs Sio mRvimelis kimenuri „cxovrebis“ teqsti da isini erTi Txzulebis ori Semadgeneli nawilia. am debulebas iziarebs ilia abulaZec. ufro metic: Tavis publikaciaSi ioane zedaznelis mokle „cxovrebis“ teqstSi man Sios mokle „cxovrebis“ teqstis erTi monakveTi (VII da VIII Tavebi), romelic exeboda ioanes gardacvalebisa da dasaflavebis ambebs, rac ar iyo aRniSnuli ioanes „cxovrebis“ saTanado adgilas, gadmoitana win, ioanes cxovrebaSi, riTac ioanes „cxovrebas“ ufro Tanmimdevruli Txrobis saxe misca, Tumca daarRvia hagiografis Canafiqri, romlis mixedviT am erTian TxzulebaSi ioanesa da Sios Sesaxeb Txroba qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT mimdinareobs (Zeglebis I tomSi es gadaadgileba aRar momxdara). ilia abulaZe ase msjelobs: Tuki ioane zedaznelis „qarTlis cxovrebiseuli“ teqsti Tavdapirveli „cxovrebaa“, xolo misgan aris gamokrebili ioane zedaznelis mokle „cxovreba“, xolo es ukanaskneli ki moicavs Sios mokle „cxovrebasac“, faqtia, rom anaseuli „qarTlis cxovrebaSi“ Setanili ioane zedaznelis „cxovrebis“ dakargul nawilSi unda vigulisxmoT Sio mRvimelis „cxovrebis“ is Tavdapirveli teqsti, romlis gamonakrebi dRes SemorCenilia Sio mRvimelis mokle cxovrebis saxiT, romelsac dRes SecdomiT kimenur Txzulebad Tvlian.

ilia abulaZe daviT garejelis kimenuri da metafrasuli redaqciis „cxovrebaTa“ Sesaxeb damkvidrebul tradiciul azrs, rom kimenuri redaqcia pirveladi teqstia, xolo metafrasuli misi gavrcobil-gadamuSavebuli varianti, ar ewinaaRmdegeba. unda iTqvas, rom s. kakabaZem daviT garejelis kimenuri „cxovreba“ erTi, isic bolonakluli xelnaweris (A-199) mixedviT dabeWda, xolo ilia abulaZem boloxans gamovlenili sruli nusxiTac (H-1336) isargebla.

samecniero literaturaSi mravali, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli azrebia gamoTqmuli abibos nekreselis mokle da vrceli redaqciis „wamebaTa“ Sesaxeb, romelTac ilia abulaZem sakuTari, teqstebis urTierTSejerebiT miRebuli azri daupirispira da im daskvnamde mivida, rom Tavdapirveli vrceli „wameba“, miuxedavad imisa, rom misi Semcveli xelnawerebi XVII-XVIII ss–isaa, xolo misgan Semoklebulia erTgvari svinaqsaruli variantis „wameba“, romelic erTaderTi, XIII s. nakluli xelnaweriT aris moRweuli (A-832).

dananebiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom ilia abulaZem Tavis gamokvlevaSi araferi Tqva mis mierve wignis damatebaSi meored gamoqveynebuli „Sio mRvimelis saswaulebis“ Sesaxeb (pirvelad is m. sabininma gamosca 1882 w. „saq. samoTxeSi“), romelic Tavis fsevdoepigrafikuli saTauriT da 18 saswaulis nacvlad (rogorc es missave qvesaTaurSia naTqvami) mxolod 5 warmodgenili da iwyeba mexuTe saswauliT.

naTargmni da originaluri wyaroebis Rrma codnisa da wvdomis Sedegia ilia abulaZis erTi SesaniSnavi statia, romelic abo Tbilelis „wamebaSi“ gamoyenebuli erT-erTi wyaros dadgenas exeba. laparakia „wamebis“ im adgilis Sesaxeb, sadac ioane sabanisZe iesu qristes simbolur epiTetebs CamoTvlis: kari,

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gza, tarigi, mwyemsi da a.S. sul 16 da bolos ambobs: „xolo ese araTu raÁme TaviT TÂsiT gangimarte Tquen, sayuarelno da qristes moyuareno da swavlis moRuaweno, aramed wamebiTa wignTagan sawinaswarmetyueloTa da mociqulTa qadagebisaebr, wmidaTa saxarebaTa werilni da netarTa mamaTa moZRuarTa mier gansazRvrebuli sarwmunebaÁ“, Tumca wyaros an avtors konkretulad ar asaxelebs. „abos wamebis“ gamomcemelma da mkvlevarma Txzuleba „saRmrToTa saxelTaTÂs“ daasaxela (adrindeli feodaluri qarTuli literatura, Tbilisi, 1935, gv. 47). ilia abulaZis TqmiT, am ori Txzulebis Sesabamisi adgilebi msgavsebas iCens, magram es msgavseba ufro analogiuri TematikiT amoiwureba da araviTar teqstobriv msgavsebas ar amJRavnebs. xolo epifane kviprelis homiletikuri Txzuleba „aRvsebisaTÂs“ ara marto Tematikur, aramed TiTqmis zust teqstologiur msgavsebasac ki gviCvenebs, rac amtkicebs, rom ioane sabanisZem epifanes Txzulebis qarTuli TargmaniT isargebla (epifanes „aRvsebisaTÂs“ IX s. erTaderTi xelnaweriT – udabnos mravalTavSi Sesuli nakluli nusxiT aris SemorCenili, Tumca CvenTvis saintereso adgili sruladaa daculi). e.i. ioane sabanisZis sityvebi, rom man isargebla „netarTa mamaTa moZRuarTa mier“ naazreviT, ilia abulaZis gamokvleviT dakonkretda da igi epifane kviprelis Txzuleba „aRvsebisaTÂs da aRdgomisTÂs uflisa“ aRmoCnda, romelic qarTulad, rogorc Cans, abo Tbilelis „wamebis“ daweramde didi xniT adre uTargmniaT qarTulad, gacilebiT adre, vidre misi Semcvleli IX saukunis xelnaweria (A-1109, IX; udabnos mravalTavi, a. SaniZisa da z. WumburiZis gamocema, Tbilisi, 1994, gv. 261–265).

ilia abulaZis mier Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis originaluri Zeglebis publikaciisa da Seswavlis saqmeSi gaweuli fasdaudebeli saqmianobidan gansakuTrebiT unda gamovyo „Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebis“ samtomeulis gamocema, romelic moicavs adrindeli originaluri hagiografiis kimenuri da metafrasuli redaqciis Zeglebis kritikulad dadgenil yvela teqsts. pirveli (1964 w.) da meore (1968 w.) tomebSi Sesulia kimenuri hagiografiis originaluri Zeglebi (V-XI ss. da erTi XV s.), xolo mesame tomi (1978 w.) daTmobili aqvs amave TxzulebaTa metafrasuli redaqciis Zeglebs (XI-XII ss. danarTSi – XVIII s.). Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es gamocema originaluri hagiografiuli Zeglebis pirveli korpusia, romlis yvela teqsti dadgenilia dRemde cnobili yvela arsebuli xelnaweris gaTvaliswinebiT. nakleb sarwmunoa, rom msgavsi gamocema, romelic xelmeored momzaddeba da gaiTvaliswinebs arsebuli gamocemis calkeul xarvezebs, mokle xanSi Sesruldes.

„Zeglebis“ meoTxe wigni, romelic svinaqsaruli sakiTxavebis teqstebsa da maTi Seswavlis sakiTxebs exeba 1968 w. gamovida ilia abulaZis redaqciiT da momzadda misive konsultaciebiT da xelmZRvanelobiT. rac Seexeba XVIII s. hagiografiis originalur Zeglebis publikacias, romlis V da VI wignebi Sesabamisad 1989 da 1980 ww. gamovida ilia abulaZis gardacvalebis Semdeg, maT gamocemis Sesaxeb igi did interess arc iCenda, ar miaCnda isini pirvel sam tomSi

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gamocemuli teqstebis darad.Cven SevecadeT mimogvexila ilia abulaZis naSromebi, romlebic qarTul

originalur sasuliero mwerlobis Zeglebs, kerZod hagiografiuli dargis Txzulebebs exeboda. magram originalur Zeglebis Sesaxeb misi Sromebis sia sruli ar iqneba, Tuki aqve ramdenime sityvas ar vityviT originalur saero Txzulebebis Sesaxeb, ilia abulaZis mier dawerili arc Tu mravalricxovani Sromebis Sesaxebac, radgan, rogorc aRvniSneT, ilia abulaZe pirvel rigSi, sasuliero mwerlobis (rogorc naTargmni, aseve originaluris) ZeglTa da problemebis mkvlevari aris.

qarTuli saero mwerlobis Janris SeswavlaSi Setanili wvlilis mixedviT yvelaze mniSvnelovania ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiT axalcixeSi 1963 w. mivlinebuli eqspediciis monapovari, romelmac gamoavlina „vefxistyaosnis“ yvelaze Zveli XVI s. xelnaweris fragmenti. es ori furceli poemis sxvadasxva adgils Seicavs: pirveli 867–878 strofebs, xolo meore – 1069–1080 strofebs. moculobiT xelnaweri sakmaod didi formatis yofila (TiTo gverdze 6 strofia e.i. sul 24 strofi). ilia abulaZem, romelmac specialuri werili uZRvna am monapovars, romelSic mTlianad gamoaqveyna fragmentis strofebi (Sromebi, II, Tbilisi, 1976, gv. 206–219), sagangebod Seudara „vefxistyaosnis“ axlad gamovlenili strofebis teqstebi dRemde gamoqveynebuli poemis teqstebs da gamoavlina axali fragmentis teqstis mniSvneloba „vefxistyaosnis“ teqstologiuri sakiTxebis Sesaswavlad. „vefxistyaosnis“ axladgamovlenili XVI saukunis 74 strofis Semcveli fragmentis mniSvneloba qarTuli literaturisa da „vefxistyaosnis“ kvlevis istoriisaTvis Seufasebelia. yvelaze adrindeli „vefxistyaosnis“ nusxad dRemde 1646 w. mamuka TavaqaraSvilis mier moxatuli xelnaweri iTvleboda. am fragmentis aRmoCenam naTlad dagvanaxa, rom XIX saukuneSi jer kidev arsebobda didi formatis „vefxistyaosnis“ sruli xelnaweri XVI saukunis II naxevrisa, romelic XIX s. dauSliaT da misi erTi nawili – 2 furceli amave saukunis xelnaweris ydis gasamagreblad gamouyenebiaT, xolo danarCeni nawilis bedi ucnobia. marTalia, arsebobs „vefxistyaosnis“ ramdenime strofi, romelic axladgamovlenil fragmentze adrindelia, magram erTi maTgani vanis „qvabebis“ qalTa monastris kedlebze miuweria romeliRac monazon qals (S. oniani, vanis qvabTa warwerebi), xolo ori strofi XIV s. xeliT miuweriaT sadResaswaulos xelnaweris ydaze (T. bragaZe...). radgan Cven „vefxistyaosanTan“ dakavSirebul ilia abulaZis Rvawls SevexeT, ar SeiZleba ar aRvniSnoT, rom igi mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi sikvdilamde „vefxistyaosnis“ teqstis damdgeni mudmivmoqmed komisiis wevri iyo. misma enaTmecnierulma da literaturulma erudiciam didi sasikeTo wvlili Seitana „vefxistyaosnis“ mravali adgilis sworad wakiTxvisa da teqstis dadgenis sakiTxebSi.

amave Tematikis cikls unda mivakuTvnoT ilia abulaZis erTi statia „cnoba SoTa rusTavelis istoriuli Txzulebis Sesaxeb“, romelSic ganxilulia anton I-is mier Tavis „gramatikaSi“ Setanili cnoba Tamar mefis cxovrebis istoriuli

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Txzulebis avtorad SoTa rusTavelis dasaxelebis Sesaxeb. es cnoba antons „qarTlis cxovrebis“ swavlul kacTa komisiis mier Sevsebuli variantidan unda hqondes aRebuli, Tumca es ukanaskneli ra wyaros eyrdnoba, ucnobia. ilia abulaZis varaudiT, es citata, romelic ar iZebneba arc „istoriaSi da azmanSi“ da arc Tamaris meore istorikosis (romelsac misi aRmomCeneli iv. javaxiSvili pirobiTad basili ezosmoZRvars uwodebs) Txzulebis im nawilSi, romelmac Cvenamde moaRwia, an ekuTvnis Tamaris meore istorikoss da SesaZlebelia ikiTxeboda mis dakargul meore nawilSi, an gulisxmobs Tamaris istoriis mesame ucnob Txzulebas, romelic daikarga, an jer ar aris gamovlenili. ilia abulaZe am cnobas angariSgasawev faqtad aRiarebs da svams sakiTxs „vefxistyaosnis“ da Tamaris meore istorikosis Txzulebis teqstebis urTierTSedarebiT Seswavlis Sesaxeb enobrivi monacemebis safuZvelze (Sromebi, III, Tbilisi, 1982, gv. 235–250, rusul enaze).

saero mwerlobis TxzulebebTan unda ganvixiloT erTi saeklesio Sinaarsis leqsi, romelic gamosces ilia abulaZem da qristine SaraSiZem (H-1572, XV s. f. 131–137; ilia abulaZe, Sromebi, III, Tbilisi, 1987, gv. 251–257). misi saeklesio xasiaTi ganapiroba iman, rom igi qebas Seasxams sadgeris wm. giorgis, magram aq sainteresoa am leqsis avtoris svimeon dekanozis gvari SoTasZe, ris safuZvelzec statiis avtorebi, eyrdnobian ra leqsis avtoris gancxadebas, rom is „SoTasZe“-a gvarad, askvnian, rom XV s. mesxi avtori svimeoni Tavs didi poetis STamomavlad acxadebs da gvaris warmoSobas mis saxels „SoTas“ ukavSirebs. Tuki svimoni marTla poet rusTavelis saxels gulisxmobs aq da ara sxva vinme „SoTas“, maSin es iqneba rusTavelis saxelis – „SoTas“ – uZvelesi (XV s.) moxseniebis faqti, radgan aqamde misi saxeli „SoTa“ pirvelad dasaxelebuli hqonda Teimuraz I (XVII s.).

Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis saero literaturisadmi miZRvnili ilia abulaZis naSromTa cikli rom davasruloT, unda davasaxeloT mis mier erT-erT xelnawerSi (H-495, XVIII; 12-64) mikvleuli manamde sruliad ucnobi 16–marcvlovani SairiT dawerili poema (1900 strofi) ucnauri saxelwodebiT – „saxe–mgosani“, romelic manamdec kargad cnobil poets petre laraZes („dilarianis“ avtors) dauweria. am Txzulebis arseboba da saxelwodebac sxva wyaroebidanac iyo cnobili, magram teqsti ar Canda. Txzulebis saxelwodebas verc axladgamovlenili teqstidan gavigebdiT, radgan mas TavSi saTaurTan erTad 120 strofic aklia (xolo boloSi – 674). es samijnuro–saraindo Janris Txzuleba petre laraZes ZiriTadad „vefxistyaosnis“ siuJetis mibaZviT dauweria, rasac xazgasmiT aRniSnavs ilia abulaZe Tavis vrcel werilebSi (Sromebi, II, Tbilisi, 1982, gv. 263–276). Tumca sxva, imave xasiaTis naTargmn anu originalur TxzulebaTa kvalic SeimCneva, magram poemis personaJTa saxelwodebebSi originalobas iCens. originaluria poemis saxelwodebac „saxe-mgosani“, rac imis aRmniSvnelia, rogorc amas ilia abulaZe ambobs, rom es aris saxelwodeba Cangisa, romelic satrfom aCuqa poemis gmirs, romelzec aRbeWdili iyo am satrfos gamoxatuleba.

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ilia abulaZe, romelmac mniSvnelovani Sromebi uZRvna sulxan–saba orbelianis leqsikografiul moRvaweobas, erT statiaSi Seexo misi „sibrZne-sicruisa“ – ori arakis warmomavlobis sakiTxebs. mkvlevarma daaskvna, rom sabas erTi araki „ZaRlebi da mglebi“ TiTqos paralels poulobs „balavarianis“ vrcel redaqciaSi, romelic erTaderT ierusalimur xelnaweriT aris Cvenamde moRweuli (Jer. 140, XI, i-172) da 1956 wlamde misi arseboba ar iyo cnobili da amdenad sabas xeli ar miuwvdeboda (amitom ver aisaxa misi saintereso leqsika mis leqsikonSi). ilia abulaZis daskvniT es igav–araki farTod iyo gavrcelebuli zepirsityvierebaSi da aqedan unda esargebla sabas. meore igavic („mgeli, Txa da Tiva“) aseTive warmomavlobis unda iyos, romlis Sesabamisi igavi ilia abulaZem miakvlia somxur, oRond ara igavebis Semcvel krebulSi („sakmarisi sityvebi“-is erTi Tavi „sabavSvo moxerxebuloba“). ilia abulaZe maT Soris didi msgavsebis miuxedavad Tvlis, rom orive saerTo wyarodan – zepiri gziT gavrcelebul TqmulebaTagan momdinareobs.

ilia abulaZis naSromTa cikls originaluri saero mwerlobis Sesaxeb davamTavrebT popularuli sazRapro-sadevgmiro Txzulebis „rusudanianis“ gamocemiT, romelic man Seasrula iv. gigineiSvilTan erTad da warmoadgens am Txzulebis pirvel srul gamocemas (rusudaniani, Tbilisi, 1957 w.), radgan adre misi calkeuli zRaprebi iyo gamocemuli. mecnierTa saboloo verdiqtiT es Txzuleba ufro originaluria, vidre naTargmni. originaluria moTxrobis ZiriTadi kvanZi, siuJeturi qarga, rusudanisa (saqarTvelos XIII s. dedofali) da mis qmarTan manuCarTan dakavSirebuli ambebi, xolo avtors maT asaxsnelad motanili aqvs 12 zRapari, romlebic 12 karad aris warmodgenili prozauli TxrobiT, aris nasesxebi masala, Tumca es masalac „Seufardebia mas qarTvelTa erovnul-qristianuli gemosa da moTxovnilebisaTvis (k. kekeliZe, II, gv. 325)“.

qristianuli naTargmni Zeglebis Seswavla-gamoqveynebaSi ilia abulaZis mier gaweuli Rvawlis mimoxilva Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis dargebis mixedviT unda daviwyoT.

saqveynod cnobilma da popularulma hagiografiul-asketikurma Zeglma, romelsac „sulTmargebel romansac“ uwodeben, qarTul TargmanSi „sibrZne balavarisi“ saxeli daimkvidra. sanam Cven ilia abulaZis erT-erT umniSvnelovanesi wignis „balavarianis qarTuli redaqciebis“ ganxilvas SeudgebodeT, mkiTxvels problemis mcire preistoria unda SevTavazoT.

„balavarianTan“ dakavSirebuli problemebis kvleva didi xania mravali qveynis mecnier-orientalistTa yuradRebis centrSia, maT Soris saqarTveloSic. 1989 wlidan dawyebuli, rodesac niko marma pirveli naSromi miuZRvna mas (Мудрость Балавара, грузинская версия Душеполезной истории о Варламе и Иодасафа ЗВОРАО, т. III, 1889, c. 223-260), dRemde interesi grZeldeba. qarTul samecniero wreebis gankargulebaSi iyo „sibrZne balavarisi“-s erTaderTi redaqciis teqstis ramdenime gviandeli xelnaweri (yvelaze Zveli – 1779 w.). am Txzulebis yoveli axali, arsebulTan SedarebiT adrindeli xelnaweris gamovlena-mikvlevasTan

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erTad izrdeboda am Txzulebis gamocemaTa ricxvi da maTi Targmanebi rusul enaze (1895 w. – eq. TayaiSvilisa da misi iv. javaxiSviliseuli rusuli Targmani – 1899 w., a. xaxanaSvilisa. misive rusuli TargmaniT 1902 w., m. janaSvilisa – 1908 w., il. abulaZisa – 1937 w.).

„sibrZne balavarisi“–s qarTuli teqstis urTierTmimarTebis garkvevas sxva enebze arsebuli analogiuri TxzulebaTa teqstebTan unda daedgina qarTuli Txzulebis warmomavloba, romeli enidan unda yofiliyo igi Targmnili. amasTanave, cnobili iyo giorgi mTawmidelis mowmoba, rom efTvime mTawmidelma qarTulidan berZnulidan Targmna „sibrZne balavarisi“, amitom unda garkveuliyo, es is qarTuli Txzulebaa, romelic efTvimem Targmna berZnulad, Tu ara. amisaTvis unda moZiebuli yofiliyo berZnuli amave saxelwodebis Txzuleba da dadgeniliyo qarTul-berZnuli teqstobrivi mimarTebis suraTi. CamoTvlili problemebis gasarkvevad „sibrZne balavarisi“ unayofo gamodga, radgan es Txzuleba aqamde ucnobi Txzulebis gadamuSavebul-Semoklebuli surogati aRmoCnda da ara TavisTavadi Txzuleba, Targmnili, rogorc fiqrobdnen, arabuli enidan.

jer kidev 1922–1926 wlebidan cnobili iyo r. bleikis mier Sesrulebuli ierusalimis jvaris monastris qarTul xelnawerTa koleqciis, kerZod ki ori xelnaweris Jer. 36 da Jer. 140 aRweriloba, romlebic „sibrZne balavarisis“ teqstebs Seicavdnen. mecnierTa reaqciis mixedviT Canda, rom es ori xelnaweri cnobili „sibrZne balavarisis“ teqstebs Seicavdnen. mecnierTa reaqciis mixedviT Canda, rom es ori xelnaweri cnobili „sibrZne balavarisi“-s kidev ori, ufro Zveli nusxebi egonaT. mxolod p. peeters gauCnda eWvi, rom Jer. 140, XI s. xelnawerSi ori saTauriT warmodgenili teqsti cnobili redaqciis teqstze ufro vrceli unda yofiliyo (Anal. Bolland. XL IX, p. 307). sabolood yvelaferi gairkva mxolod 1956 w., mas Semdeg, rac amerikis kongresis biblioTekis eqspediciis mier ierusalimuri qarTuli xelnawerebis mikrofilmebis aslebi miiRo saq. mecnierebaTa akademiis fundamentalurma biblioTekam da maTi fotoaslebis damzadeba da Seswavla-damuSaveba ilia abulaZes daevala. batonma iliam upirveles yovlisa dasaxelebuli xelnawerebis teqstebis damzadebas mohkida xeli da Sedegic sensaciuri aRmoCnda: erT maTganSi Jer. 140 XI s. xelnawerSi „sibrZne balavarisi“-s manamde ucnobi redaqciis teqsti aRmoCnda, romelsac ilia abulaZe Tavis gamocemaSi „balavarians“ uwodebs. es teqsti arsebulze 2–3–jer ufro vrcelia, amitom mas „balavariani“ anu vrceli redaqciis „balavariani“ daerqva, xolo adridanve cnobil Txzulebas `sibrZne balavarisi~, anu `balavarianis~ mokle redaqcia. amrigad, is rac damoukidebeli Txzuleba egonaT, vrceli Txzulebis Semoklebuli da gadamuSavebuli varianti gamodga. amitom iyo igi gamousadegari sxvaenovani analogiur saxelwodebis TxzulebebTan teqstologiuri SedarebisaTvis. misi Seqmnis saWiroeba, rogorc k. kekeliZe ambobs, am Txzulebis romeliRac asketikur krebulSi Setanis mizniT unda momxdariyo. aq ar SeiZleba ar gavixsenoT n. maris winaswarmetyveluri varaudi qarTuli „balavarianisa“ da berZnuli „varlaam da iodasafis cxovrebis“ urTierTobaze msjelobisas, mohqonda ra koniberis

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mtkiceba, rom qarTuli „balavariani“ ar SeiZleba berZnulis Semoklebuli gadmokeTeba iyos da miT umetes Semoklebuli Targmanio, n. mari ambobs, rom qarTuli Txzulebis TxrobaSi moulodneli da mkveTri gadasvlebi, xSirad teqstis Sinaarsoblivad da damaxinjebuli adgilebi da sxva gvafiqrebinebs, rom xom ar aris es Txzuleba Cvenamde mouRweveli vrceli Txzulebis Semokleba (Армяно-грузинские материали для истории душеполезной повести о Варлааме и Иосафе, ЗВОРАО, т. ХI, с. 49–79).

n. maris varaudi daadastura ilia abulaZis mier gamovlenilma, Seswavlilma da 1957 wels gamocemulma „balavarianis“ vrcelma Txzulebam. ilia abulaZem Tavis wignSi erTmaneTis paralelurad warmoadgina „balavarianis“ vrceli da „sibrZne balavarisi“ anu mokle redaqciis teqstebi, raTa TvalnaTliv gamoCeniliyo maTi teqstologiur-frazeologiuri msgavsebac da gansxvavebac. ilia abulaZis gamokvlevis mTavari debuleba, rom axladgamovlenili „balavarianis“ vrceli Txzuleba aris arabuli enidan IX-X ss. mijnaze naTargmni Zegli, xolo „sibrZne balavarisi“ anu mokle redaqciis teqsti Seqmnilia am vrceli Txzulebis Semokleba-gadakeTebiT romeliRac qarTveli redaqtoris mier, emyareba am ori Txzulebis teqstTa zedmiwevniT analizs, frazeologiurad Semxvedri da gansxvavebuli adgilebis, teqstebis kleba–matebis SemTxvevebis, grafikul niadagze daSvebuli Secdomebisa da sxva mravali niuansis gaTvaliswinebas. ilia abulaZem Txzulebis mokle redaqciis Seqmnis TariRad XI s. miwuruli daasaxela, rac aseve teqstologiur, gramatikul da leqsikur analizs efuZneba. vrceli Txzulebis Semokleba da gadakeTeba ilia abulaZis azriT, ra Tqma unda, garkveuli mizniT xdeba da es mizani misi asketikur krebulSi Setana unda yofiliyo. amis dasturi am ori Txzulebis saTaurebis Sedarebac SeiZleba gamodges: vrcelis saTauria „cxovrebaÁ netarisa iodasafisi, Zisa abenes hindoTa mefisaÁ. romeli moaqcia netarman mamaman balahvar moZRuarman“ – hagiografiul Txzulebis Cveulebriv saTaurebs mogvagonebs, xolo moklesi – „gÂTxrobda Cuen mamaÁ isak, Ze sofron palestinelisaÁ da ars wigni ese sibrZne balahvarisi, romeli imyofeboda udabnoTa mZovarTa Tana“ – namdvilad asketikur–paterikuli Txzulebis dasaxelebas hgavs.

ilia abulaZis mier „balavarianis“ vrceli Txzulebis teqstis gamocemas uamrav RirsebebTan erTad erTi mniSvnelovani Sedegic aqvs: amieridan kvlevas misi SesaZlebeli dednis teqstis mignebis mizniT, xolo meores mxriT qarTulidan berZnulad Targmnili „balavarianis“ teqstis gamovlinebas da maT Sedarebas qarTul vrcel „balavarianis“ teqstTan gacilebiT myari safuZveli eqneba, vidre es mokle redaqciis „balavarianis“ teqstze dayrdnobiT iyo SesaZlebeli.

„balavarianis“ problematikasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa ilia abulaZis erTi momcro statiac – „qarTuli „balavarianis“ erTi personaJis saxelis warmomavlobisaTvis“ (Sromebi, II, Tb., 1976, gv. 166–167) „balavarianis“ orive redaqciis qarTul teqstebSi indoeTis mefis saxeli aseTi variantebiT aris warmodgenili: hebenas, abenese da abenes, xolo iodasafis qarTul sagalobelSi

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(giorgi mTawmidelis „Tveni“, 19 XI). es saxeli „abeneser“ formiT dasturdeba. ilia abulaZis dakvirvebiT amosavalia „habeneser“, rac arabuli „janaÁsar“ formis diakrituli niSnebis aRrevis Sedegad aris moRebuli: „j“ (j) nacvlad „h“ (h) amokiTxes, xolo „n“ (n) nacvlad „b“ (b) da miviReT „habeneser“. es magaliTic sxvaTa mier adre SemCneul leqsikur erTeulebTan erTad ilia abulaZes afiqrebinebs, rom „balavarianis“, ra Tqma unda, vrceli redaqciis Txzuleba arabuli enidan Targmnili unda iyos (arabuli dedani jerjerobiT ar aris gamovlenili).

ilia abulaZem vrceli narkvevi uZRvna kidev erT mniSvnelovan naTargmn hagiografiul Txzulebas – „ioane oqropiris cxovrebas“: „qarTuli wignebi ioane oqropiris cxovrebisa da misi gamoZaxili Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi“ (Sromebi III, 1982, gv. 16–36). mkvlevaris yuradReba miiqcia X s qarTul xelnawerebSi daculma ioane oqropiris giorgi aleqsandrielis avtorobiT cnobilma „cxovrebam“ da aqedan momdinare misma sxva redaqciebma. gamokvlevaSi Seswavlilia oqropiris „cxovrebis“ yvela redaqciis teqstebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxebi arsebuli xelnawerebis farglebSi (teqstebi maSin gamocemuli ar iyo). dadgenilia maTi redaqciuli dayofis safuZvlebi, agreTve gamovlenilia am Txzulebis kvali ramdenime originalur hagiografiul TxzulebaSi, gansakuTrebiT „grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi“. ilia abulaZis mier motanili teqstologiuri paralelebi, eWvs ar tovebs, rom qarTulma Zeglma uxvad isargebla oqropiris cxovrebis uZvelesi qarTuli TargmaniT, romelic Sesrulebuli unda yofiliyo 951 welze (grigol xanZTelis „cxovrebis“ daweris TariRi) gacilebiT ufro adre (IX s. bolos an X s. dasawyisSi). ilia abulaZem gamoavlina agreTve am naTargmni Txzulebis kvali konstanti kaxis „wamebaSi“. sainteresoa ilia abulaZis erTi dakvirveba: ioane oqropiris „cxovrebis“ erTi geografiuli saxeli qarTul TargmanSi ase JRers „totzanos“, rac, rogorc ilia abulaZem aRniSna, berZnuli to; Tzavno~ ucvlelad gadmotanis Sedegia, sadac berZnuli artikli (to;) qarTulma mTargmnelma sityvis nawilad gaigo da „zan“–nacvlad, rac „zaneTs“ udris, „totzanos“ miviReT. es faqti sxva monacemebTan erTad mianiSnebs, rom Zveli qarTulad berZnulidan iTargmna.

aqve unda iTqvas, rom ilia abulaZes etyoba, ganzraxuli hqonda am Zeglis gamocema, radgan dauwyia misi teqstis gadmowera, magram aRar dascalda. es saqme misma mowafem rusudan gvaramiam Seasrula da sabolood daadastura misi berZnulidan momdinareoba (wigni gamovida 1986 w.).

ilia abulaZem qarTulad Targmnili asketikur-paterikuli literaturis mravalricxovani da mravalferovani krebulebidan Sesaswavlad ioane mosxis „samoTxe“ anu „limonari“ albaT imitom SearCia, rom es Txzuleba maT Soris yvelaze adrindeli iyo, amaTanave yvelaze popularuli qristianul samyaroSi. SesaZlebelia, erT-erTi mizezi isic yofiliyo, rom zogierTi cnobiT Txzulebis avtori ioane warmoSobiT qarTveli, mesxi iyo.

ilia abulaZem 1960 wels gamocemul wignSi – „ioane mosxi, „limonari“

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Targmnil Txzulebas, ase vTqvaT, saxeli Seucvala da „qarTuli xelnawerebis „samoTxe“ „limonariT“ Secvala. TiTonve aRniSnavs, „ioane mosxis miewereba erTi nawarmoebi, romelsac berZnulad ewodeba „limonari“ – leimopnavrion an „paradozi“ – paravdeiso~. pirveli aRniSnavs „mdelos“, xolo meore Zvelad iTargmneboda „samoTxed“ an „mtilad“ e.i. saseirno adgilad an baRad, qarTuli versiiT mosxis nawarmoebs „samoTxe“ hqvia (limonari, gv. 7). ioane mosxis Txzuleba, rogorc ilia abulaZe SeniSnavs, faseulia imiT, rom avtorma fexdafex Semoiara palestinis, egviptis da siriis udabnoebi, Tavisi TvaliT naxa da esaubra iq mravlad moRvawe ber–monazvnebs da gandegil–dayudebulebs, Caiwera maTi naambobi da TiTonve aris aRwerili TxrobaTa monawile. ioane mosxma, ierusalimis cnobili patriarqis sofron ierusalimelis moZRvarma, Tavisi Txzuleba mis sulier Svils miuZRvna.

Semoklebulad movitanT ilia abulaZis mier xazgasmul amonawers Tavisi wignis SesavalSi, sadac ganmartebulia „samoTxis“ alegoriuli saxelwodebis avtoriseuli axsna: „xilvaÁ samoTxisaÁ ... ganacxrobn TualTa ... yuavilTa misTa simewamulisaÁ ... xilvaÁ da mravalferovnebaÁ yuavilTa misTaÁ ... aRavseben saynoselTa sulnelebaÁ misi da ganamxiaruleben gonebasa ynosaÁ misi ... esreTve Sromani wmidaTa da sulierTa mamaTani da saTnoebani maTni mravalferni, jer arian miTxrobad ... romelni–igi Suenierad yuaodes JamTa CuenTa ... romelTagan mnebavs mowilvad vardi igi saTnoebaTa mamaTaÁ da SeTxzvad ... garegani yuavilTa maTgan dauWnobelTa uÃrwnelisa mis samoTxisaTa ... amisTÂs uwode wignsa amas samoTxÀ, saSuebelTa maTTÂs sixaruliTa, romelni amas Sina ipovebian meZiebelTa maTTÂs“. am sityvebSi marTlac rom maRalmxatvrulad axsnilia wignis saxelwodebis „samoTxis“ simboluri Sinaarsi (unda vTqvaT, rom ufro lamazi iqneboda, rom gamocemuli wignis saxelwodeba „samoTxe“ yofiliyo, vidre „limonari“).

ioane mosxis novelur-etiuduri stiliT gadmocemul gandegil–monazonTa cxovrebis calkeuli epizodebis amsaxvel moTxrobebis krebuls, romelsac zogjer „sinur pateriksac“ uwodeben, umTavresad gadmocemaTa da monaTxrobTa mosxiseuli literaturuli damuSavebis xeli atyviaT, rac ufro mimzidvels xdis mosmenas da wakiTxvas, riTac igi Zlier popularuli gaxda da aRorZinebisa da mis momdevno saukuneebis mweralTa gansakuTrebuli interesi aRZra. ilia abulaZis mowmobiT da Txzulebis qarTul TargmanTa uZvelesi xelnawerebi (Ath. 9, 977w.; Sin. 36, 925w.; Sin. 68, XIII s.) naTeli dasturia Zvel saqarTveloSi mosxis Txzulebis popularobisa da interesisa misadmi.

ilia abulaZes qarTuli Targmanisa da misi dednis berZnuli teqstis Sejerebis safuZvelze gamoaqvs daskvna, rom qarTul krebuls 91–92 Txrobis farglebSi ufro mkafiod aqvs daculi ioane mosxis krebulis Sedgeniloba, vidre berZnul xelnawerebs, radgan maT bevri Semdegdroindeli am Janris TxrobaTi minarevebi aqvT.

ilia abulaZe misTvis Cveuli xerxiT „limonaris“ teqstebis qarTul TargmanSi arabizmebisa da axalsparsuli leqsikuri erTeulebis arsebobis faqtebze dayrdnobiT askvnis, rom Txzuleba qarTulad Targmnilia berZnuli enidan

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arauadres IX s. I naxevrisa da amdenad uaryofs qarTul samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmul azrs Txzulebis VII-VIII ss. gadmoTargmnis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb. ilia abulaZe aseve uaryofs S. nucubiZis azrs „limonaris“ qarTul da berZnul enebze qarTveli mwerlis ioane mosxis–mesxis mier Seqmnis Sesaxeb (isic pirvelad qarTulisa, xolo Semdeg berZnulisa). ilia abulaZe samarTlianad uaryofs S. nucubiZis naSromSi «К происхождению греческого романа, «Ваплаам и Иоасаф» am Txzulebis avtorad moxseniebuli ioanes ioane mosxad gamocxadebis SesaZleblobas, rasac S. nucubiZis azriT, „sibrZne balahvarisi“–s saTaurSi naxsenebi „isak, Ze sofron palestinelisa“ aRniSvnac adasturebs, romelic aseve ixsenieba „limonaris“ saTaurSic. ra Tqma unda, am varauds, rogorc ilia abulaZe aRniSnavs, araviTari safuZveli ara aqvs da amis dasamtkiceblad leqsikuri masala da enobrivi monacemebi moaqvs.

ilia abulaZe iseve, rogorc qarTul samecniero literaturaSi damkvidrebul am Txzulebis berZnulidan momdinareobis azrs iziarebs, Tumca mainc ayenebs berZnul „limonaridan“ momdinare arabuli „albusTanis“ Seswavlis aucileblobas, raTa aixsnas qarTul TargmanSi dadasturebuli arabizmebis warmomavloba: aris is ukve qarTul enaSi damkvidrebuli leqsika, Tu „limonaris“ qarTuli da arabuli Targmanebis urTierTobis Sedegi e.i. xom ar SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom qarTuli versia arabulis Targmani iyo? am mizniT man daavala rusudan gvaramias arabuli „al–busTanis“ Seswavla (mogvianebiT gamocemulma „al–busTanma daadastura qarTuli „limonaris“ berZnulidan da ara arabulidan misi momdinareobis ilia abulaZis varaudi). ilia abulaZis muSaoba aTonis # 9,977 wlis xelnawerze, romelic „samoTxis“ anu „limonaris“ uZveles nusxas Seicavs, nayofieri gamodga erTi qarTuli hagiografiuli Txzulebis „wamebaÁ yrmaTa wmidaTaÁ ricxÂT cxraTaÁ“, literaturuli wyaros dasadgenad. saqme isaa, rom „samoTxis“ dasaxelebuli xelnaweri garda ioane mosxis „samoTxisa“ damatebis saxiT Seicavs 33 Txrobas, romelTac calke saTauri aqvT da „mimsgavsebuli samoTxisa“ ewodebaT, e.i. ioane mosxis „samoTxis“ mibaZviTaa Seqmnili da gamocemulia ilia abulaZis wignSi „limonari“ (gv. 85–141). igi SedarebiT naklebi moculobisaa, vidre „samoTxis“ ZiriTadi teqsti (gv. 1–84). aq warmodgenili erTi Txroba (23–e) TiTqmis iseTsave Sinaarsis ambavs mogviTxrobs, rogorc es „kolaelTa wamebaSia“, Tumca gansxvavebac aris: aq qristian da ebrael bavSvTa Sesaxebaa laparaki (kolaelebTan–qristianebisa da warmarTebisa). am or Txrobas frazeologiuri siaxlovec axasiaTebs. ilia abulaZis dakvirvebiT es Txroba naTargmni aris berZnuli enidan ara ugvianes IX s. I naxevrisa da igi wyarod gamoiyenes „kolaelTa wamebis“ Sesaqmnelad amis Semdeg, IX s. Sua wlebSi, rogorc amas ilia abulaZe adrec amtkicebda.

ilia abulaZem Tavisi wonadi wvlili Seitana Zveli qarTuli mwerlobisa da saerTod qristianuli literaturis upirvelesi da umniSvnelovanesi dargis bibliologiis qarTulad naTargmni Zeglebis Seswavlis saqmeSi, kerZod ki misi erT–erTi nawilisa, romelsac „saqme mociqulTa“ hqvia da warmoadgens e.w.

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„samociqulos“ (saqme mociqulTa, kaTolike epistoleTa da pavles epistoleTa Semcveli krebulis) dasawyis nawils. es Txzuleba damoukidebeli saxiTac da „samociqulos“ SemadgenlobaSi adrec bevrjer iyo gamocemuli dawyebuli vaxtang VI–is 1709 w. gamocemiT, magram am gamocemebs mxolod erTi daniSnuleba hqondaT – saWiro iyo misi teqsti RvTismsaxurebaSi an kerZo sakiTxav wignad gamosayeneblad da amitom ibeWdeboda romelime, zogjer SemTxveviTi xelnaweris mixedviT. ilia abulaZem pirvelad gamosca „saqme mociqulTa“ kritikul–mecnierulad dadgenili teqsti yvela arsebuli da xelmisawvdomi xelnaweris mixedviT. ver moxerxda mxolod sinas mTis ori – 974 da 977 ww. xelnawerTa aslebis mopoveba, magram maTi aRwerilobebidan Cans, rom am redaqciis xelnawerebi, marTalia, cota mogviano droisa, gamocemaSi gamoyenebul iqna.

ilia abulaZem detalurad Seiswavla ra TiToeuli xelnaweri teqstologiurad, isini oTx jgufad dahyo. TiToeuli jgufis xelnawerebs erTmaneTisagan metnaklebi xarisxis teqstualuri gansxvaveba aRmoaCndaT da maT „saqme mociqulTas“–s oTxi redaqcia Seadgines. I redaqciis (a(a) literiT aRniSnuli) teqsti, romelic gamocemaSi ori X s. xelnaweriT (S-407; S-1398) aris warmodgenili, TiTqmis identuria II redaqciis (b(b) literiT) teqstisa, romelic gamocemaSi aseve ori xelnaweriT aris dafiqsirebuli (Ath. 42, X s.; Ath. 176; XII s.) gansxvaveba maT Soris mxolod variantul, ufro iSviaTad frazeologiur doneze arsebobs. III redaqciis (g(g) literiT) monacemebi aseve ori, SedarebiT gviandeli (A-34, XVI s. da A-584, XVIII s.), xelnawers daucavs da gansxvaveba IV redaqciis (d(d) literi) xelnaweriT, warmodgenils aseve ori (A-677; XII s; A-137, XIV s.) xelnawerebTan, rogorc I da II redaqciebs Soris, aqac analogiuri e.i. mcirea. aqedan Cans, rom ZiriTadi redaqciebi, romelTa Soris gansxvaveba TvalsaCinoa, oria: I da III.

ilia abulaZis gamokvleva „saqme mociqulTa“ redaqciebad dayofis Sesaxeb emyareba am Zeglis berZnulidan qarTulad Targmnis istorias. es istoria dafiqsirebulia III redaqciis xelnaweris anderZSi, romelic efrem mcires ekuTvnis da gamocemulia ilia abulaZis winamdebare wignSi „saqme mociqulTa Zveli xelnawerebis mixedviT“, Tbilisi 1950, gv. 029–031. efremi aRniSnavs giorgi mTawmidelis, didi moZRvris damsaxurebas samociqulos Targmnis saqmeSi (I-II redaqciis teqsti) da aRniSnavs. rom mas – efrems win edo es Targmani da mis mixedviT dauweria Tavisi nusxa (III-IV redaqciebi) da iTxovs, rom aravin CaTvalos es nusxa meored Targmnilad („raÁTa ara meored Targmnilad Seiracxos wigni samociquloÁ“) e.i. efremi giorgis Targmanis mxolod Casworebad Tvlis da ara Tavis axal Targmanad, xolo aseTi saCoTiro nabiji (didi moZRvris naTargmnis revizia) mas ase aqvs axsnili: rodesac mas, efrems, mouxda ioane oqropiris samociqulos ganmartebaTa qarTulad Targmna da igi mxolod amas ar dasjerda da sxva avtoris egzegetikuri Sromebic moiSvelia, aRmoCnda, rom berZnuli leqsikis polisemiuri bunebis gamo da oqropirisa da sxva wminda mamebis mier marjved SerCeuli saxareba-samociqulos terminologiuri leqsikis

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gaTvaliswinebiT saWiro Seiqmna giorgis TargmanSi zogierTi cvlilebis Setana da daxvewa. amas efremi saWirod miiCnevs Tundac imitom, rom giorgi mTawmidelma misca mas amis magaliTi, rodesac daviTnis, saxarebasa da sxva bibliuri wignebis Zvel TargmanebSi man epoqis moTxovnilebaTa safuZvelze Sesworebebi Seitana (epoqis moTxovnilebebi ki is iyo, rom eWviani berZnebisaTvis sababi ar miecaT, maT qarTvelebi Targmnis dros orTodoqsaluri Zeglebis damaxinjebaSi daedanaSaulebinaT). ilia abulaZis mier „saqme mociqulTa“ kritikulad gamocemul teqstSi ki giorgisa da efremis TargmanTa es redaqciuli gansxvavebebia asaxuli.

bibliologiuri Tematikisaa ilia abulaZis erTi werili – „qarTuli bibliis Zveli xelnaweris ramdenime furceli“, romelic gvamcnobs, rom S-104 xelnaweris safarveli, ramdenime furceli, IX s. romeliRac Zveli aRTqmis ricxuTa wignis fragmenti aRmoCnda. am furclebs bibliologiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvT, radgan am siZvelis arapalimfsesturi bibliis xelnaweri araa gamovlenili. sabaseuli „mcxeTis bibliaSi“ da sabas leqsikonSi dadasturebuli adgilebi mowmoben, rom am dros kidev arsebobda am fragmentebis Semcveli sruli nusxa (sxva nusxebTan Tanxvedra ar aris). es fragmentebi aqvea gamocemuli (ricxuTa 24,5–25,14 da 26,41–27,18; Sromebi, III, Tbilisi, 1982, gv. 5–15). aqve vityviT, rom xelnawerTa institutis erTma jgufma ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiT gamosacemad moamzada bibliis Zveli aRTqmis wignebi, Tumca maTi gamocema mxolod mogvianebiT, ilia abulaZis gardacvalebis Semdeg moxerxda.

ori egzegetikuri Zeglis qarTuli Targmanis Seswavlas mieZRvna ilia abulaZis kidev erTi wigni: „uZvelesi redaqciebi basili kesarielis „equsTa dReTaÁsa“ da grigol noselis Targmanebisa „kacisa agebulebisaTÂs“, Tbilisi, 1964.“ radgan wignis saTaurSi „uZveles redaqciebze“ aris saubari, romelTa gamovlena ilia abulaZis saxels ukavSirdeba, cxadia, arsebobs am ZeglTa sxva redaqciebic. ufro gviandeli. 1947 wels mkvlevarma mixeil kaxaZem swored es SedarebiT gviandeli, giorgi mTawmidelis mier berZnulidan Targmnili basili didis „equsTa dReTaÁ“ gamosca“ (masalebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis, 25, Tbilisi, 1947). am droisaTvis sxva redaqcia am Txzulebisa ar iyo cnobili da am Zeglis gamomcemeli arc varaudobda mis arsebobas, miuxedavad giorgis anderZisa, sadac mTargmneli ambobs, rom „RmerTman igi pirvelnica Targmanni akurTxenin, didad Ãeli aRmipyres“, radgan misi TqmiT „gamodis, rom Cven giorgimde ramdenime Targmani gvqonia, rac, cxadia, Seusabamobaa“. ilia abulaZem giorgis „Targman“–Si samarTlianad igulisxma ori Zeglis – basilisa da grigolis naSromebi da ara basilis Txzulebis ramdenime Zveli Targmani, rogorc es m. kaxaZem CaTvala. giorgi rom Tavis anderZSi, marTlac, adrindel Targmanebze laparakobda, realur faqtad aqcia ilia abulaZem, rodesac man ierusalimuri koleqciis or qarTul xelnawerSi giorgi mTawmidelis mier naTargmni basilisa da grigolis Txzulebebisgan sruliad gansxvavebuli, adrindeli Targmanebi gamoavlina. am ori Txzulebidan erTi – grigol noselis kacisa agebulebisaTÂs“ (an ufro

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zustad „kacisa SesaqmisaTÂs“) cnobili iyo e.w. „Satberdis krebulis“ saxeliT cnobili X s. xelnaweris (S-1141) mixedviTac, xolo basilis „equsTa dReTaÁsa“ ki, romelic Jer. 44 (XII-XIII ss.) da Jer. 77 (XIII-XIV ss.) xelnawerebSi aRmoCnda, swored is Zveli Targmania, romelsac giorgi mTawmideli gulisxmobda Tavis anderZSi noselis TxzulebasTan erTad.

ilia abulaZem es ori Txzuleba Tavis wignSi erTad anu erTmaneTis miyolebiT SemTxveviT ar Seitana: saqme isaa, rom basili didis „equsTa dReTaÁ bibliis „dabadebis“ wignSi aRwerili samyarosa Seqmnisa da masSi sicocxlis aRmocenebis 6–dRiani monakveTis komentirebas anu „Targmanebas“ warmoadgens. basilim pirveli xuTi dRis ambebis Targmaneba moaswro, xolo meeqvse dRe, rodesac RmerTma Tavis gaCenil samyarosa da mis cocxal arsebaTa „gvirgvini“ da „Tavi“ – adamiani Seqmna, Targmanebis gareSe darCa. es saqme bolomde miiyvana basilis umcrosma Zmam – grigoli noselma da naSroms „kacisa SesaqmisaTÂs“ uwoda. es ori Txzuleba erT Temas moicavs da amitom arian isini erTad ilia abulaZis wignSi, iseve rogorc axladgamovlenil xelnawerSi (Jer. 44 da Jer. 74) arian erTad (am moments Cven xazi gavusviT imitomac, rom noselis Txzulebis adrindeli Targmani kentadaa Setanili „Satberdis krebulSi“ – X s.). pirvel rigSi, ilia abulaZe Seecada gaerkvia, Tu romeli enidan iyo naTargmni es Zeglebi da ganesazRvra maTi Targmanis dro. mkvlevarma Tavis nacad xerxs mimarTa da leqsikuri monacemebis mixedviT, berZnuli da arabuli elementebis moZieba-analizis mixedviT eWvmiutanlad daaskvna, rom orive Zegli, romlebic giorgi mTawmidelis mier berZnulidan Targmnili analogiuri saxelwodebis Txzulebebze adrindeli Targmanebia, arabuli dednidan momdinareoben, amitom Targmanebi ver Sesruldeboda VIII-IX ss. adre, radgan qristianuli arabuli literatura VIII s. bolosaTvis yalibdeba, xolo ver iTargmneboda X s. gvian, radgan grigol noselis Txzuleba X s. „Satberdis krebulSi (S-1141)“ aris Setanili (igulisxmeboda, rom basilis Txzulebac am droisaTvis ukve Targmnilia qarTulad). ilia abulaZem sarwmunod warmoadgina arabuli da axalsparsuli leqsikis naTargmn teqstSi dafiqsirebiT daTariRebis meTodis efeqturoba am SemTxvevaSic da polemikaSi CarTulma „xuarbal“ sityvis magaliTze aCvena, rom ar SeiZleba axalsparsuli sityva Segvxvdes bibliuri wignebis Zvel TargmanebSi (konkretulad IX s. adre).

ilia abulaZem samarTlianad ar gaiziara k. kekeliZis azri, rom basili da grigolis TxzulebaTa Zveli redaqciebi somxuridan unda iyos Targmnili. aseTi varaudis safuZveli gaxda is faqti, rom grigol noselis „kacisa SesaqmisaTÂis“ adrindeli Targmani Setanilia „Satberdis krebulSi“, xolo am krebulSi ZiriTadad somxuridan Targmnili Zeglebi aris Sesuli. k. kekeliZem grigolis Txzulebac somxuridan momdinared miiCnia, Tumca mas specialuri kvleva ar Cautarebia. ilia abulaZem swored qarTuli Targmanis somxurad arsebuli analogiur TxzulebasTan teqstologiuri mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT kvleva Caatara, rac manamde aravis gaukeTebia da maT Soris veraviTari msgavseba ver

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ipova. ilia abulaZis gamokvlevam, rom grigolis Txzuleba arabulidan aris Targmnili da ara somxuridan, daadastura, rom „Satberdis krebulis“ yvela Zegli ar aris somxuri warmomavlobisa.

homiletikur-asketikur Tematikisaa ilia abulaZis mier 1955 wels gamocemuli wigni „mamaTa swavlani. naSromi X da XI saukuneebis xelnawerebis mixedviT aris gamocemuli da cnobili saeklesio mamebis 42 mniSvnelovani qadageba–swavlanis kritikulad dadgenili teqstis publikacias Seicavs. Sinaarsis mixedviT „swavlani“ da „Tqmulni“ ZiriTadad asketikuria da monazonTa Tematikas exeba. wignis saxelwodeba avtoris SerCeulia misi Sinaarsis mixedviT, radgan sami krebulidan, romelTa mixedviT qveyndeba naSromi, ori (S-1139, 943 w.; Sin. 36, X s.) Tavnaklulia da saxelwodeba ar Cans, xolo mesames (Arh. 9,977) saTaurad aqvs aRebuli xelnawerSi damatebad Setanili (43 punqti) ioane mosxis „samoTxis“ saxelwodeba. wignSi gamoqveynebulia oqropiris 16, efrem asuris 16, basili didis 2, makari megviptelis 2 homilia da swavla da agreTve SedarebiT naklebad cnobili monazvnebis: markozis, sahakis, martviris, abrahamis, amonas TiTo asketikuri swavla. sainteresoa, rom bolo 42–e „sityva“, romelsac „SiSisaTÂs RmrTisa“ ewodeba, Sedgenilia sxvadasxva avtorTa gamonaTqvamTa kompilaciiT.

gamocemul Txzulebebs xelnawerebSi „marxvaTa sakiTxavebs“ uwodeben. ilia abulaZem mis mier gamocemuli Txzulebebis somxuri enidan Targmna kategoriulad gamoricxa, xolo Targmnilia mTliani krebuli Tu misi calkeuli Txzulebebi berZnuli Tu arabuli enidan, TiToeuli Txzulebis teqstologiuri Seswavlis Sedegad gairkveva, rac jer ar Catarebula.

homiletikur TxzulebaTa Sesaxeb ilia abulaZis naSromebis mimoxilva sruli ar iqneba Tu aq ar vaxseneT mainc misi narkvevebis seria, romlebic „mravalTavebis“ wyaroebis gamovlenas daeTmo, radgan „mravalTavSi“ aris Tavmoyrili homiletikuri Zeglebi (hagiografiulTan erTad). amdenad ilia abulaZis kvlevis Sedegebi, rac warmodgenilia seriaSi saerTo saTauriT „mravalTavis zogierTi Tavis wyaro“ da moicavs rva werils teqstebis publikaciebiT, aris qarTuli da somxuri filologiur mecnierebaTa monapovari.

warmarTobasTan marTlmadideblobis polemikas eZRvneba naTargmni Txzuleba, romelsac ilia abulaZis vrcel narkvevis saTaurSi „elinTa zRaprobani“ ewodeba, xolo massave am teqstis publikaciis sruli saxelwodebaa „zRaprobani, romelni sawarmaToTa wignTagan mouÃsenebian wignTa Sina TÂsTa wmidasa da didsa RmrTismetyuelsa grigolis“, romlis sami nawili asea dasaTaurebuli: I. zRaprobani kualad iesuÁsni (ori redaqciiT). II. Txrobani didisa basilis epitafiasa Sina SemoRebulni. III. ivlianes pirvelisa ganqiqebisa zRaprobani, romelTa avtorad aRiarebulia nonne (VI s.).

ilia abulaZis dakvirvebiT, nones komentarebi CvenSi cnobili iyo da maTi kvali Cans ioane petriwisa da SoTa rusTavelis TxzulebebSi, rac ar aris gasakvirveli, radgan XII s. xelnawerSi (A-109) aris zemoCamoTvlilTagan pirveli da meore Txzulebis teqsti. ilia abulaZem miakvlia XII s. kidev erT xelnawers (A-

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1490), romelic zemoT dasaxelebul pirvel-meore TxzulebasTan erTad Seicavda imave avtoris manamde ucnob Txzulebas: „ivlianes pirvelisa ganqiqebisa zRaprobani“. ilia abulaZis sarwmuno dakvirvebiT qarTulad Targmnili unda yofiliyo nonnes is Txzulebac, romelSic komentirebulia grigol RvTismetyuelis „ivlianes meore ganqiqebis“ teqstic, magram misi Targmani jer gamovlenili ar aris, Tumca igi rom Targmnili iyo, cxadi gaxda mas Semdeg, rac T. oTxmezurma moaxdina misi rekonstruqcia Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT (35–dan 25 komentari. ix. fsevdonones miTologiur komentarTa qarTuli Targmanebi, 1989, Tbilisi, gv. 156-171).

ilia abulaZis mier gamovlenili Txzulebis qarTuli Targmani Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis ZeglebisaTvis adridanve rom iyo cnobili, amas TvalnaTliv aCvenebs mkvlevari wyaroebidan („istoriani da azmani“, daviTis istoria, „vefxistyaosani“, CaxruxaZe, petriwi da sxva) motanili uxvi amonawerebiT da maTTan paralelurad motanili am Txzulebis efrem mciris mier naTargmni teqstiT.

ilia abulaZis vrcel narkvevebSi gamokvlevasTan erTad warmodgenilia dasaxelebuli sami Txzulebis teqstebis kritikuli gamocemac, romelic eyrdnoba maTi Semcveli yvela dRemde gamovlenili xelnaweris monacemebs da warmoadgens im TxzulebaTa pirvel publikacias (Sromebi, III, Tbilisi, 1982, gv. 185-234). ilia abulaZis mier gamovlenili „ivlianes pirvelisa ganqiqebisa zRaprobani“ ufro vrcelia, vidre cnobili orive Txzuleba erTad aRebuli. SedarebisaTvis Tu pirveli Txzuleba 24 komentars Seicavs, meore – 20-s, axali Txzuleba 100-mde komentars warmogvidgens (zustad ver vasaxelebT, radgan xelnaweris bolo 24 striqoni ar ikiTxeba, xolo SemorCenil teqstSi 92 komentaria).

bolos ramdenime sityviT SevexebiT erT wyaroTmocodneobiT Zegls, romelsac ilia abulaZem narkvevi miuZRvna da teqstebic gamoaqveyna: „ipolite romaelis qronikonis Zveli qarTuli versia“ (Sromebi, III, Tbilisi, 1982, gv. 107–127). Zegli, romlis Zveli qarTuli Targmanebi bevr xelnawerSia Sesuli, warmoadgens qronologiur siebs, romlebic dawyebuli samyarosa da adamis gaCenidan gvawvdis bibliur pirTa, mamamTavarTa, Semdeg ki israelis, iudeis, sparseTis, egviptisa da romis mefeTa calkeul sia–CamonaTvals maTi zeobis wlebis miTiTebiT, agreTve umniSvnelovanesi movlenebis qronologias. aseTi siebi daculia „Satberdis krebulSi (X s.), sadac mas uZRvis Sesavali–traqtati (agreTve Jez-44, XII-XIII ss., Jer. 77, XIII-XIV da gviandeli A-165, XVIII da A-691, XVIII). ilia abulaZis gamokvleviT qronologiuri siebis qarTuli teqstebi ipolite romaelis „qronikonidan“ momdinareoben da Targmnilia berZnulidan, Tumca isini ivsebodnen droTa Sesabamisad, ver iTargmneboda is 717 welze adre, radgan igi Teodosi III–mefobiT mTavrdeboda da X s. gvian, radgan Sesulia „Satberdis krebulSi“.

ilia abulaZis samecniero naSromTa warmodgenili nawilis mimoxilva sakmaod sqematuria da srulad ver warmoaCens im daufasebel Rvawls, romelic man qarTul mecnierebas dasdo. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ivane javaxiSvilTan, korneli kekeliZesTan da akaki SaniZesTan erTad ilia abulaZe darCeba axali qarTuli filologiuri mecnierebis erT-erT mesaZirkvled.

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anton I-is hagiografiuli Txzulebebi `martirikaSi~*

I. uZvelesi qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebis safuZvelze Seqmnili Txzulebani

`martirikaSi~ Setanilia Svidi Txzuleba, romelTa prototipebi V-Xss. Seqmnili uZvelesi qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebia. esenia: SuSanikis, abibos nekreselis, daviT da kostantines1, evstaTi mcxeTelis, abo Tbilelis, kostanti kaxis da mixail-gobronis wamebani (CamoTvlilia `martirikaSi~ warmodgenili maTi Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT).

ZiriTadi cvlileba, romelic CamoTvlilma hagiografiulma Zeglebma antonis kalmis meSveobiT ganicades, aris avtoris SemoqmedebiTi principebis mixedviT maTi gametafraseba: TiToeul maTgans darTuli aqvs metnaklebad vrceli filosofiur-dogmatikuri an panegirikuli Sesavali da panegirikul-SesxmiTi bolosityvaoba. rac Seexeba TiToeuli Txzulebis ZiriTad nawils, Cans, rom Zveli teqsti wakiTxulia mecnier-filologis kritikuli TvaliT, Sevsebulia Tu gadakeTebulia zogierTi adgili antonis Tvalsazrisis Sesabamisad. zogjer antoni damatebiT iseTi wyaros monacemebs iyenebs, romelic ar gamouyenebia, an ar SeeZlo gamoeyenebina Zveli Txzulebis avtors.

TiToeuli Txzulebis kritikuli teqstologiuri TvalsazrisiT ganxilva winamdebare naSromSi SeuZlebeli Seiqna, amitom mokle mimoxilviT davkmayofildebiT.

1. SuSanikis wameba. samecniero literaturaSi antonis Txzulebisa da iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstologiuri mimarTebis sakiTxi dawvrilebiT aris ganxiluli2, amitom mxolod zogadad aRvniSnavT: am ori Zeglis frazeologiur-stilistur gansxvavebasTan erTad aRsaniSnavia, rom antonma garda iakob xucesis Txzulebisa isargebla sxva wyaroebiTac. antoni aRniSnavs, rom man somxuri wyaroebis monacemebis safuZvelze Seavso iakobis Txzulebis dasawyisi SuSanikis mSoblebisa da misi bavSvobis Sesaxeb (`uwyebul varT istorikosTagan somexTasa da saTTueoisagan metafrasisa maTisa...~ `martirika~, 87, 35). aseve, antonma Tavis Txzulebis bolos Seitana `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ daculi cnoba bakur mefis mier varsqenis mokvlis Sesaxeb3, radgan es faqti

* daibeWda wignSi: Zv. qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, VI, Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 489-524 qvemoT vuTiTebT: martirika.1 moRweuli Zegli XII saukunisaa, magram unda arsebuliyo masze adrindeli cxovreba (IX-X ss.).2 il. abulaZe, iakob curtaveli, martÂlobaÁ SuSanikisi, Tbilisi, 1938, gv. 07; n. janaSia, SuSanikis wameba, Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 153-180. 3 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 216, 13.

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iakobis Txzulebis daweris Semdeg momxdara da iakobiseul `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ ver aisaxa.

2. abibos nekreselis wameba. `martirikaSi~, rogorc zemoT iTqva da rogorc krebulis saxelwodebidan Cans, Setanilia hagiografiuli literaturis mxolod martirologiuri Janris Zeglebi. Zvel qarTvel literaturaSi kargad cnobil asurel mamaTa cxovrebebis seriidan martirologiur Janrs mxolod àbibos nekreselis wameba~ miekuTvneba da amitomac `martirikaSi~ mxolod dasaxelebuli Zegli Sevida. antonis mier abibos nekreselis wamebis Sesaxeb SeTxzuli Zegli ZiriTadad `wamebis~ im redaqcias eyrdnoba, romelic saTaurSi, arsen didis, qarTlis kaTalikosis saxeliT aris warwerili, rasac TviTon antonic adasturebs: ìtyvs netari arseni mamaTmTavari Cueni...~,1 da saidanac moaqvs kidec amonawerebi. ZiriTadad antoni SemoklebiT amokrebs dasaxelebuli wyarodan SedarebiT sayuradRebo faqtebs da perifrazulad, sakuTari frazeologiiT gadmoscems maT. zogjer wyaros mosacemebi Secvlilia ara marto frazeologiurad, aramed Sinaarsobrivadac. mag. antonis TxzulebaSi TiTqmis mTlianad Secvlilia marzpanisa da mowamis dialogis teqsti.

antoni Cveulebisamebr ar kmayofildeba ZiriTadi wyaros monacemebiT da damatebiT wyaroebs mimarTavs: Txzulebis dasawyisi mogviTxrobs iovane zedaznelisa da misi mowafeebis siriidan saqarTveloSi mosvlisa da samonastro moRvaweobis gaCaRebis Sesaxeb, rac ar aris àbibos nekreselis wamebis~ Zvel redaqciaSi. antoni aq iyenebs ara iovane zedaznelis cxovrebis romelime redaqcias, aramed Sio mRvimelis metafrastuli cxovrebis im redaqcias, romlis avtorad saTaurSi vinme martvri kostantinopoleli aris dasaxelebuli. amis Sesaxeb antoni aRniSnavs: `moviReb sityuaTagan martvris visme monazonisa kostantinupolelisaTa, romeli iyo mowafe netarisa ioane didisa moZRuarsa (!) amaT mamaTasa~2.

antonis TxzulebaSi uSualo Txroba abibos nekreselis Sesaxeb iwyeba vrceli panegirikuli nawiliT, romelSic gzadagza CarTulia misi cxovrebisa da saqmianobis amsaxveli faqtebi; igi mTavrdeba aseve tradiciuli `SesxmiT~. Txzulebis bolo nawilSi antoni SeniSnavs, rom àRhswera ukue Ruawli wmidisa Sedgomad oTxasi wlisa arseni mamaTmTavarman qarTuelTaman~3, rac `qarTlis cxovrebis~ gviandeli CanarTis ganmeoreba unda iyos: `Semdgomad oTxas ocisa wlisa ikiTxa da gamoiZia wmidaman Cuenman arseni qarTlisa kaTalikosman~.4 aseve, antonma, rogorc mkvlevarma filolog-istorikosma, asurel mamaTa cxovrebebis sxvadasxva redaqciebidan (ZiriTadad Sio mRvimelis cxovrebidan) amokrifa

1 martirika, gv. 114,13.2 martirika, gv. 107,23.3 iqve, 118,13.4 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 208.

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istoriul-qronologiuri cnobebi, romlebic asurel mamaTa saqarTveloSi mosvlis dros exebodnen da Sejamebuli saxiT warmoadgina Tavis mier Sedgenil `abibos nekreselis wamebis~ bolos: `xolo iyo mosulai siriaiT aTormetTa maT netarTa mamaTa qarTlad droTa mefobisa farsman, Zis wulisa bakur mefisa xosrovanisaTa da mamaTmTavrobasa evlaviosisa~.1 antonis Txzulebis sul bolos aseTi cnoba moipoveba: `ukanasknel stefanosisgan mTavrisa, Zisa adarnase mefisa afxazTa da qarTuelTasa, muniT warmoRebulni mcxeTas zenasa ekklesiisa saepiskopososa daikrZalnes didiTa pativiTa~2 (laparakia abibos nekreselis wm. nawilebis Sesaxeb). am cnobis werilobiTi wyaro ar Cans da, albaT, antoni romeliRac zepir gadmocemas eyrdnoba.

3. daviT da kostantines wameba. samecniero literaturaSi cnobilia, rom `daviT da kostantines wamebis~ Cvenamde moRweuli versia da mowameTa Sesaxeb Seqmnili pirveli Zegli ar aris, aramed aw dakarguli uZvelesi, SesaZlebelia, maTi wamebis (VIII s.) axlo xanebSi Seqmnili Txzulebis gadakeTeba-Sevsebas warmoadgens3. Cans, antonsac ar hqonia xelT daviT da kostantines wamebis es uZvelesi nusxa da Tavisi Txzuleba cnobili, Cvenamde miRweuli interpolirebuli4 Zeglis (XII s.) safuZvelze dauweria. antoni, rogorc mas sCvevia, ZiriTadad perifrazulad iyenebs wyaros monacemebs, zogjer ki sityvasityviT moaqvs citatebi dasaxelebuli Zeglidan wyaroze miTiTebiT. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi antoni amoklebs wyaros zogierT adgils, xolo zogjer ki avrcobs wyaros monacemebs, ZiriTadad mis zogad nawilebSi. konkretuli faqtebis gadmocemisas mas zogierTi uzustobac mosvlia: `daviT da kostantines wamebis~ Zveli Txzulebis SesavalSi moTxrobilia ierusalimis `wartyuenvis~ istoria sparselebis mier, romelic momxdara saberZneTSi herakles mefobis dro (614 w.).5 wyaros am cnobis Semdeg moulodnelia antonis sityvebi: `monarxobas berZenTa zed irakli piruelisasa hborgda Cuen zeda diswuli uRmrToismaxmedisi muruan, zedwodebiT yru da ganimxedra Cuessa amis mamulsa georgiasa zeda~.6

`daviT da kostantines wamebis~ Zveli redaqciis mixedviT arabebma daarbies samcxe, Semdeg lixT-imereTs moadgnen da argveTSi daviT da kostantine awames. antonis Txzulebis mixedviT murvan yrum `ganimÃedra Cuensa amas mamulsa georgiasa zeda, Semmusruelman mezobelTa CuenTa samTavroTamis, ese igi somxeTisa da alvaniisa da kavkasiisaman, da mosrulman georgiad anu iveriad (ese

1 martirika, 118,14.2 iqve, 116,13.3 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 538.4 Cven aRar viziarebT azrs am Txzulebis metafrasulobis Sesaxeb da Txzuleba XI s. bolos Seqmnili gvgonia. ix. e. gabiZaSvili, originaluri metafrasuli hagiografia da TxzulebaTa redaqciebad dayofis safuZvlebi, mravalTavi, XXI, Tbilisi, 2005, gv. 5-14.5 Zveli qarTuli hagiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, III, Tbilisi, 1971, gv. 248.6 martirika, gv. 161.

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igi saqarTvelod) moaoÃra ra rani da qarTli, gardaimxedra imier lixisaca da STasruli argueTad ibrZola wmidaTagan mÃedarTa qristesTa...~1 antonis Txzulebidan motanili citati juisSeris saistorio Txzulebisa da misi CanarTebis gaTvaliswinebiTaa Sedgenili.2

`daviT da kostantines wamebis~ antoniseuli redaqcia Seicavs vrcel filosofiur-dogmatikur Sesavals, romelsac mosdevs aseve vrceli panegirikuli nawili. Txzulebis ZiriTad nawilSi, romelic mowameTa Sesaxeb faqtobriv masalas Seicavs, mravladaa CarTuli `SesxmiTi~ pasaJebi, romliTac mTavrdeba kidec Zegli. daskvniTi panegirikuli nawili `martirikis~ zogierT TxzulebebTan SedarebiT aq Zalian moklea.

4. evstaTi mcxeTelis wameba. antonis Txzulebis wyaro aris `martvlobai wmidisa evstaTi mcxeTelisai~ _ qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis erT-erTi uZvelesi Zegli. antoniseuli Txzuleba iwyeba arc Tu vrceli panegirikuli SesavliT, romelsac mosdevs istoriuli cnoba, romelic èvstaTi mcxeTelis wamebis~ Zvel redaqciaSi ar moipoveba: ùwyebul varT ZuelTagan CuenTa, vhsjideT ra drosa mTavrobisa qarTlsa zeda stefanosisa, Zisa guaram kuratpalitisasa, odes-igi nebsiT TÂsiT ganudga stefanos berZenTa da flobasa Sina sparsTasa misca qarTli da TvT Tavica TÂsi da sparsTa dadues Cuen zeda sakivi friad mZimei, maSin ukue gamobrwyinda bnelsa Sina uRmrToebisasa mowame qristesi evstati~.3 Cans, antons Tavisi ZiriTadi wyaros dasawyisi nawili `qarTlis cxovrebis~ matianidan amokrefili cnobebiT Seuvsia. antons gadaukeTebia Tavisi wyaro kompoziciuradac: èvstaTa mcxeTelis wamebis~ Zvel TxzulebaSi Txrobis Tanmimdevroba aseTia: evstaTi sparseTidan movida mcxeTaSi, iswavla xeloba, daojaxda da qristianoba miiRo. Semdeg igi mcxeTaSi mcxovrebma sparselma cecxlTayvanismcemlebma daabezRes ustam cixisTavTan, romelmac datyvevebuli evstaTi Tbiliss wargzavni marzpan arvand guSnaspis winaSe samsjavroze. evstaTi sapyrobileSi Casves, magram qarTvel didebulTa TxovniT marzpanma, romelic sparseTs brundeboda, gaanTavisufla igi. sami wlis Semdeg qarTlSi axali marzpani _ veJan buzmiri movida, romelmac sparselebis mier meored dabezRebis Semdeg evstaTi TbilisSi daibara. marzpanis SekiTxvaze, Tu vin aris igi, evstaTi mouTxrobs mas mSobliuri qalaqis, mSoblebisa da Tavisi gaqristianebis Sesaxeb. am Txrobas Txzulebis udidesi nawili uWiravs. antons wyaroSi warmodgenili Txrobis es Tanmimdevroba Seucvlia: is, rac wyaroSi evstaTis monaTxrobs moicavs, antonis TxzulebaSi dasawyisSia gadmotanili da wyaros pirvel pirSi Txroba mesame piriTaa Secvlili, evstaTis monaTxrobis

1 martirika, gv. 161,3.2 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 233,10-234,10.3 martirika, 213,5.

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mixedviT mas jer kidev sparseTSi yofnis dros mouxSirebia qristianTa eklesiaSi siaruli, vrceli axsna-ganmarteba mousmenia samoel arqidiakonisagan ebrauli da qristianuli sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb. antonis Txzulebis mixedviT ki es yvelaferi TiTqos mcxeTaSi xdeba. amisTanave samoelis mier vrclad monaTxrobi Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebis Sinaarsi antonis TxzulebaSi sagrZnoblad aris Semoklebuli, gansakuTrebiT Zveli aRTqmis ambebi, xolo axali aRTqmis Sinaarsi nawilobriv Secvlilia (mocemulia msjeloba wminda samebis Sesaxeb). mxolod amis Semdeg aRwers antoni, rogor daabezRes evstaTi ustamis winaSe da Txroba grZeldeba ise, rogorc es wyaroSi aris gadmocmuli.

antoniseuli Txzulebis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSani isicaa, rom mas ara aqvs daskvniTi panegirikuli nawili, romelic `martirikaSi~ warmodgenil TiTqmis yvela Txzulebas axlavs.

5. abo Tbilelis wameba. àbo Tbilelis wamebis~ Zvel teqsts antonis kalmis qveS sagrZnobi cvlilebebi ganucdia: Zveli Zeglis pirveli Tavi, avtoris mimarTva msmenelTadmi, antonis TxzulebaSi ar aris. maT cvlis antonis `martirikaSi~ Sesul TxzulebaTaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tradiciuli, sakmaod vrceli filosofiur-dogmatikuri Sesavali. abos Sesaxeb konkretuli Txroba, ritorikuli stiliT dawerili, abo tfilelis `wamebis~ Zveli Zeglis meore Tavis SinaarsiT iwyeba. antonis perifrazul TxrobaSi wyaros Sinaarsi sagrZnobi SemoklebiTaa gadmocemuli. zogierTi detali antonTan ufro dakonkretebulia, mag: wyaros cnobas nerses oseTis gavliT xazareTSi gaqcevis Sesaxeb antoni zogierT detals umetebs: `...da mosruli veropiisa sarmatiad xazarad, romelsa Turqni yirim zedwodebul hyofen~...1 aseve wyaroSi naxseneb àfxazeTs~ is cvlis àvazagiad~: `samefod avazagiisad (romelsa Cuen zedwodebul vhyoT afxazeTad) movida~.2 antoniseuli Txroba kvalSi misdevs wyaros, oRond dialogis formis bevri adgili da locvis teqstebis antons Secvlili aqvs azrobrivad da frazeologiuradac, xolo abos wamebisa da misi gvamis dawvis aRniSvnis Semdeg antoni wyaros Txrobas umatebs: `vidre dromde aRSenebisa amier yovlad saZagisa amis mizgiTisa da romelnic ganvlian Ãidsa qristeaneni keTilmsaxurni, dReindelad-dRemde Cueul arian mun Tayuanisce mad, sada STayarnes Zvalni mowamisani~.3

antonis Txuleba mTavrdeba sxva TxzulebebTan SedarebiT mokle panegirikuli nawiliT, romelic arsebiTad gansxvavdeba abos wamebis iovane sabanisZiseuli Txzulebis daskvniTi nawilisagan, romelsac `qebai wmidisa mowamisa haboisi~ ewodeba.

1 martirika, 235,13.2 iqve, 235,35.3 iqve, 200,6.

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sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom antoni ar asaxelebs Tavisi wyaros avtors, iovane sabanisZes (maSin, roca mas dasaxelebuli hyavs Tavis adgilas iakob xucesi, stefane mtbevari _ gobronis wamebis avtori da sxva) da mis Sesaxeb oriode SemTxvevaSi aseTi miTiTeba aqvs: `mozraxoben meistorieni yovlad wmidaTa vnebaTa misTani~,1 an `ityvs meistorie wmidaTa vnebaTa mowamisaTa~.2

6. kostanti kaxis wameba. antonis Txzuleba iwyeba tradiciuli SesavliT, romelSic saintereso filosofiur-dogmatikuri msjeloba aris warmodgenili `sruleba~ e. i. srulyofileba da `simarTle~ kategoriebis Sesaxeb, rac dakavSirebulia `Sesxmis~ obieqtTan _ kostanti kaxis pirovnebasTan. kompetentur filosofosebze dayrdnobiT antoni aRniSnavs, rom `qeba sxÂsa araraime ars, Tvnier aRricxua srulebaTa sxÂsTa~. antonis Txzulebis Sesavali, romelic, garda aRniSnulisa, Seicavs kostanti kaxis vrcel `Sesxmas~, cvlis Tavisi ZiriTadi wyaros `cxorebaÁ wmidisa mowamisa kostantisi qarTvelisaÁ~-s Sesavals, romelic saRmrTo wignebis warmoSobis istorias da mowameTa ̀ wamebis~ aRweris tradiciis Camoyalibebaze mogviTxrobs. orive Zeglis Txrobis Tanmimdevroba istoriuli faqtebis gadmocemis dros erTnairia, magram antonis Txzuleba stilistur-frazeologiurad gansxvavebulia wyarosagan. antonis TxzulebaSi kostanti kaxi gamoyvanilia arabTa winaaRmdeg piradad aqtiur mebrZolad da maT winaaRmdeg dawyebuli saxalxo brZolis meTaurad. antoni aRniSnavs kidec, rom kostanti arabebma erT-erTi aseTi brZolis dros Seipyres da gamahmadianeba mosTxoves. antons, rogorc Cans, cota gauzviadebia wyaros Cveneba da angariSi ar gauwevia imisaTvis, rom am dros kostanti 85 wlis yofila, amasTanave wyaroSi ar aris naTqvami, rom kostanti piradad monawileobda aseT brZolebSi. `da viTar moxucebul iyo, iqmna netari igi oTxmeoc da xuTisa wlisa. JamTa oden hasakisa misisaTa aRdga devnulebai didi qristeaneTa zeda yovelTa queyanasa qarTlisasa. da iyvnes wyobani didni da moisrnes mravalni qrostianeTagani maT Sina, romelni iRuwides SjulisaTÂs qristesisa. xolo netari igi Seipyres Ãelad, viTarca winamZRuari da warCinebuli yovelsa queyanasa qarTlisasa da piri naTesavTa misTaÁ~.3

`kostanti kaxis wamebis~ Zveli redaqciis bolos Setanili bizantiis imperatorTa epistole, miwerili kostant kaxis SvilTa da naTesavTa mimarT, antonis TxzulebaSi Semovlebuli saxiT aris warmodgenili da masSi epistolis Sinaarsi mesame pirSi TxrobiT aris mokled gadmocemuli. panegirikul nawils antonis Txzulebis bolos sul ramdenime striqoni uWiravs.

1 iqve, 234,35.2 iqve, 244,33.3 Zveli qarTuli hagiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, gv. 167.

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7. mixail-gobronis wameba. stefane mtbevaris mier 918 wlebSi Seqmnili `wamebaÁ wmidisa gobronisi~ warmoadgens antonis Txzulebis ZiriTad wyaros. am ori Zeglis gansxvavebuli Sesavali nawilebis Semdeg Txroba istoriuli faqtebis Sesaxeb orive ZeglSi siuJeturad erTnairad aris warmodgenili, oRond gansxvavebuli frazeologiiT da stilisturi xerxebiT. antoni ramdenjerme asaxelebs Tavis ZiriTad wyaros: `ityvs netari vinme meistorie misTvs~1 (xolo aSiaze miwerilia: `stefane episkoposi mtbevari~), `ityvs... stefane mtbevari, meistorieÁ vnebisa maTisa~2 sxva. garda ZiriTadi wyaros monacemebisa antons usargeblia Zveli qarTuli saistorio matianiTac, rac aRniSnuli aqvs kidec: `viTarca ityvian Zuelni matianeTa qarTuelTa istorikosni~3. antoni SeniSnavs, rom abul-kasimis Semoseva somxeTze da saqarTveloze moxda 888 wels berZenTa mefis kostantines droso da ganagrZobs: `sumbat ipyrobda drosa mas qarTlsa mefobiT, mefe somxeTa, rameTu misca mas qarTli kostantine mefeman afxazTaman~.4

msgavsi ram stefane mtbevaris TxzulebaSi ar aris; iq mxolod naTqvamia, rom sumbat somexTa mefe `miivltoda mTaTa zeda afxazeTisaTa~5. antonis es sityvebi `matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s Semdegi adgili gamoZaxili unda iyos: `mas Jamsa gamovida kostanti, afxazTa mefe, daipyra qarTli da emtera somxeTa mefe sumbat tiezerakali; gamoilaSqra spiTa didiTa da moadga ufliscixesa, da... wariRes cixe ÃerÃiTa. xolo keTilad imzaÃes sumbat da kostanti, da ukmosca ufliscixe da yoveli qarTli~.6 aqedanve unda aeRo antons mis TxzulebaSi aRwerili abul-kasimis saqarTveloze Semosevis dros ujarmisa da boWormis cixeebis `Semusrvis~ ambebi7, rac ar aris mtbevaris TxzulebaSi. magram antons gamotovebuli aqvs stefane mtbevaris mier aRwerili somxeTis darbeva arabTa mier, somxeTa mefisa da didebulebis datyveveba da wameba kapoetis cixis aRebis Semdeg, ris mizezadac stefane asaxelebs somxeTSi mwvaleblobis gavrcelebas, somexi xalxis ukeTurebas da ampartavnobas. safiqrebelia, rom antonma ZiriTadi wyaros es cnobebi Segnebulad ar Seitana Tavis TxzulebaSi albaT mezobel xalxTan mis dros damyarebuli kulturuli urTierTobisa da keTilganwyobili damokidebulebis gamo.

antonis Txzuleba mTavrdeba Zalian mokle panegirikuli `SesxmiT~, romelsac mosdevs cnoba, rom pirveli Zegli gobronis wamebis Sesaxeb Seqmna stefane mtbevarma aSot erisTavTerisTavis davalebiT.

1 martirika, gv. 290,20.2 iqve, 294,33; 298,11; 301,32.3 iqve, 289,33.4 iqve, 290,3.5 Zeglebi, I, 176,19.6 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 262.7 iqve, gv. 262-263.

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II. axali hagiografiuli Txzulebebi `martirikis~ SemadgenlobaSi

`martirikaSi~ Sesuli Txzulebebis umravlesoba warmoadgens Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi hagiografiuli literaturis kargad cnobil ZeglTa gadamuSavebas antonis literaturuli principebis safuZvelze, magram `martirikaSi~ Setanilia 5 iseTi dasaxelebis hagiografiuli Zegli, romlebsac Cven verc erT xelnawerTa krebulSi ver SevxvdebiT da arc damoukidebeli saxiT arsebobs. erTi sityviT, am saxelwodebis hagiografiuli Txzulebebi arasdros arsebula, maTi pirveli SemTxzveli anton bagrationi gaxlavT. ori maTgani konkretul pirs exeba, xolo sami Txzuleba qarTvel qristianTa jgufuri wamebis faqtebs aRwers. CamovTvliT maT imave TanmimdevrobiT, rogoriTac isini `martirikaSi~ arian warmodgenili (mxolod antoniseul numeracias TxzulebaTa saTaurebis win gadmovitanT):

1. `sityua meequse: Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidisa mRudelmowamisa neofite urbnisis episkoposisTa, qmnili antonis mier arxiepiskoposisa...~ (119-135 gv.).

2. `sityua meaTe: Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidaTa RirsTa mowameTa garesjelTa, qmnili...~ (189-208).

3. `sityua meaTsammete: Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidaTa aTTa bevrTa mowameTa tfiliss vnebulTa, qmnili...~ (247-265).

4. `sityua meaTequsmete: Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidisa didisa mowamisa Salua mTavrisa axalcixelis mandaturTuxucesisa, qmnili...~ (302-318).

5. `sityua meaTSÂdmete: Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidaTa didTa mowameTa, romelnica brZanebiTa uRmrToisa demurlangisaTa laSqarTa misTagan daiwunes ekklesiasa Sina monastresa dedisa RmrTisasa quabTaÃevs, qmnili...~ (319-340).

rogorc saTaurebidan vxedavT, es Txzulebani cnobil istoriul faqtebs exebian da istoriografias cnobebi maT Sesaxeb met-naklebi sisruliT Semounaxavs. antons swored es cnobebi daudvia safuZvlad am TxzulebebisaTvis. istoriuli cnobebis SedarebiTi siZunwe antoniseuli Txzulebis mixedviTac igrZnoba, ris gamoc maTSi aRwerili istoriuli momentebis amsaxveli Raribi faqtobrivi masala Sevsebulia antonisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ganyenebuli msjelobebiT, `Sesxmis~ ritorikuli elementebis siWarbiT, dogmatikuri sakiTxebis gansjiT. marTalia, yvelaferi es damaxasiaTebelia `martirikis~ TiTqmis yvela TxzulebisaTvis, magram ufro moWarbebulad gvxvdeba dasaxelebul TxzulebebSi. rodesac Cven aRvniSneT, rom CamoTvlili Txzulebebi

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antonis Semoqmedebis nayofiao, Cven mxedvelobaSi gvqonda is garemoeba, rom antonma mTliani hagiografiuli Txzulebebis saxe misca sxvadasxva istoriul wyaroebSi mikvleul masalas, Torem am Soreul istoriul ambebSi antons ar SeeZlo raime axali faqtobrivi masala Seetana. man mxolod gaimeora is, rac iyo cnobili da Tavisi erudiciisa da enawylianobis Sesaferisi msjelobebiTa da ritorikuli gamoxatvis xerxebiT gaamdidra igi.

es xuTi Txzuleba, bunebrivia, `martirikaSi~ sxvadasxva adgilas aris Setanili, Tumca maT ganawilebas qronologiuri principi ar udevs safuZvlad. mag. `sityva meaTe _ mowameTa garesjelTa~ qronologiurad ufro gvian momxdar faqts aRwers, vidre ̀ sityua meaTsamete _ aTTa bevrTa~ (jalaledinis Semoseva), `sityua meaTequsmete _ Salva axalcixeli~ (Tamaris da rusudanis epoqa) da `...sityua meaTSvdmete _ `quabTakevis wamebulTa~ (Temurlengis Semoseva). rogorc vxedavT, qronologiurad aseve areulia danarCen TxzulebaTa rigic.

Cven SevecdebiT, TiToeul Txzulebaze da masSi gamoyenebul istoriul masalaze oriode sityva vTqvaT.

1. neofite urbnelis wameba. neofite urbnelis saxels Cven verc erT istoriul wyaroSi ver SevxvdebiT. ar aris misi saxeli moxseniebuli arc uZveles qarTvel mowameTa da moRvaweTa Semcvel kalendrebSi, svinaqsarebSi da sadResaswauloebSi. erTaderTi wyaro, romelic mokled mogviTxrobs arabTa erT-erTi razmis ufrosis umaris qristianul sarwmunoebaze moqcevisa da Semdeg misi ruisis episkoposad kurTxevis naxevrad miTiur ambavs, Sio mRvimelis saswaulebis Semcveli Txzulebaa. am saswaulebis sxvadasxva wyaroebidan amokreba da erT Txzulebad Camoyalibeba miewereba basili kaTalikoss (`Ze didisa patrikosisa vaCesi~) Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi srulebiT ucnob pirs. Tu davujerebT am Txzulebas, masSi moxseniebuli istoriuli pirebis mixedviT neofites qristianobaze moqcevas da Semdeg wamebas adgili hqonia baRdadis xalifa amir-mumnisa da qarTlis kaTalikosis samoelis dros (orive piri cnobilia `abos wamebis~ mixedviTac) da momxdara IX saukunis II naxevarSi.

tradiciuli Sesavlisa da neofites `axalnergobaze~ panegirikul stilSi dawerili nawilis Semdeg antoni mTlianad eyrdnoba `Sios saswauulebis~ mecxre Tavs da faqtebis sruli aRricxviT, ZiriTadad perifrazulad, zogjer ki pirdapiri citirebiT mogviTxrobs Semdegs: arabTa erT-erTma razmma, romelic maTi sardlis, vinme axmadis, brZanebiT (romelic baRdadis xalifas amir mumnis mier warmogzavnili iyo saqarTvelos dasarbevad) gaigzavna qarTlis zogierTi kuTxis dasalaSqrad, uecrad man SeamCnia sarkinis gamoqvabulebi. razmis meTaurebma umarma (`martirikis~ mixedviT omarim) da burulma gadawyvites maTi dapyroba, radgan mtris specialurad gamagrebuli TavSesafari egonaT, magram moxda saswauli da arabTa razmi ver gadavida mtkvris meore napirze.

405

yoveli cda amao aRmoCnda, radgan (rogorc Semdeg gairkva) Sio mRvimelis mier Cadenilma saswaulma mters neba ar misca, mis mier daarsebuli monasteri (SiomRvime) Seebilwa. tyved Cavardnili erTi beris piriT maT gaiges, rom es gamoqvabulebi uwyinar ber-monazonTa samyofeli iyo da ara romelime cixe-simagre. arabebi gabrundnen da es saswauli TavianT sardals axmads moaxsenes. axmadma didi ZRvniTa da SesawiraviT monasterSi umari gagzavna, romelmac monasterSi mosvlisas mravali saswauli naxa (monasters zemodan dastrialebdnen angelozebi da Sios aCrdili, rac simbolurad monastrisadmi maT mfarvelobas gamoxatavda), gaecno maT cxovreba, moixibla maTi siwmidiTa da saTnoebiT da aRuTqva maT, rom isic aucileblad maTTan movidoda da qristiani gaxdeboda. erTi Tvis Semdeg man Seisrula wadili da or arab TanamoazresTan erTad Sedga berad SiomRvimis monasterSi neofites saxeliT (xolo im or arabs xristodulos da xristoforos ewodaT). Tavisi samagaliTo qristianobiT man qarTlis kaTalikosis samoelis yuradReba daimsaxura da neofite ruisis episkoposad akurTxes. saqarTvelos am kuTxeSi mcxovrebma misma Tanamemamuleebma ver aitanes yovelive es da neofite Caqoles. misma orma arabma mowafem Rrma moxucebulobamde icocxla da erTi maTgani (xristoforos) mkodovanis monastris winamZRvaric ki gaxda. Sios `mecxre saswaulis~ es Sinaarsi mTeli sisruliT aqvs gamocemuli antons, oRond is amiT ar kmayofildeba da TxrobaSi urTavs axal momentebs, kerZod: Txrobis im monakveTidan, sadac laparakia umaris gadawyvetilebaze, qristiani gaxdes, vidre mis aRsasrulamde, antonis TxrobaSi gzadagza CarTulia xolme `SesxmiTi~ wiaRsvlebi, xolo bolos ki, ise vTqvaT, faqtobrivi monacemebic: neofites Sepyroba arabTa mier (romlebsac wyaroc da antonic ratomRac cecxlTayvanismcemlebs uwodeben), maTi moTxovna, rom neofite mama-papiseul sjuls daubrundes, neofites tradiciuli grZeli pasuxi, rom misi qristianuli rwmena uryevia, rac Semagrebulia qristianuli dogmebis moSveliebiT da mahmadianuri sarwmunoebis mankierebiTa mxilebiT, rac antonis mier gamoyenebul wyaroSi ar moipoveba, da bolos mTavrdeba misi Caqolvis aRweriT. Txzuleba mTavrdeba mokle `SesxmiT~, radgan `SesxmiTi~ epizodebi Txzulebis Sesaval nawilSi da Txrobis siuJetSi mravlad aris CarTuli.

2. garejelTa wameba. antonis mier sakuTari iniciativiT Seqmnil im 5 hagiografiuli Txzulebidan, romlebic Cven zemoT CamovTvaleT, `Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidaTa RirsTa mowameTa garesjelTa~ yvelaze sqematuri nawarmoebia. Tuki danarCeni oTxi Txzulebis wyaroebis daZebna ar aris Zneli, radgan maT Sesaxeb miTiTebas TviT antoni iZleva da es wyaroebi saxezea, amas ver vityviT `garesjelTa wamebis~ Sesaxeb. TxzulebaSi arc erTi istoriuli faqti ar aris dasaxelebuli, ar aris antoniseuli

406

miTiTeba romelime wyaroze, araferia Tqmuli momxdari faqtis qronologiaze. erTaderTi, rac antons aqvs aRniSnuli, isaa, rom `da maxlobel ekklesiisa qristes aRdgomisa aRaSena samartvleÁ maTi, vhgoneb, viTarmed mefeman kaxTaman aleqsandre mesameman da mun hqmna igi mebr sawnaxelisa, raTa hniSnvides sawnaxelsa Sina vnebisasa dawnexasa tkbilTa maT nayofierTa tevanTasa, da dahsxnes mas Sina da hgian esreT aqamomde~.1 am amonaweridanac Cans, rom antoni namdvilad darwmunebuli ar aris, es samartvile aleqsandre mefem aRaSena, Tu ara. aq antons mxedvelobaSi unda hyavdes aleqsandre II (1574-1605), romelic monazvnad Sedga daviT garejis udabnoSi 1601 wels. Tuki antonis varaudi sworia, maSin erTi ram naTelia: garejis monasterTa ber-monazonTa masobriv gaJletas aleqsandre mefis monazvnad Sedgomamde hqonda adgili, oRond gaurkvevelia, es adre moxda Tu misi mefobis dros? antonisaTvis garejel monazonTa gaJletis faqti gadmocemiT aris cnobili, rasac TiTonve aRniSnavs, da ara romelime saistorio wyaros mixedviT: `vhsTquaT ukue mcired vinaobaÁ da sadaobaÁ Sesmenili quemdebareTa maT arsebaTa zeda wmidaTa~. antonis TxrobaSi, romelic iwyeba vrceli ritorikuli xerxebiT SeTxzuli `SesxmiT~ da romelSic SigadaSig Teologiur-dogmatikuri sakiTxebicaa aRZruli, ZiriTadi adgili uWiravs garejis monasterTa Cveulebis aRweras, romelic gamoixateboda imaSi, rom didmarxvis damTavrebisa da aRdgomis dadgomis Rames garejis yvela monastris (antonis mowmobiT maTi ricxvi am dros 12 iyo) monazvnebi ikribebodnen aRdgomis eklesiaSi da erTad dResaswaulobdnen am dRis dadgomas. es ambavi icodnen yaraiis midamoebSi mcxovrebma sparselebma, romelTa Sesaxeb antoni wers: `xolo vinaiTgan coduaTa CuenTaTvs ganagrZela RmerTman dadebad Cuen zeda saÃivi sparsTa monebisa, amiT taf-WalaTa maT Sina yaraiisaTa aqusT Cueulebai mkvdrobisa sparsTa, romelica zamTar kidesa zeda mdinarisa mtkuarisasa davanebad Cueul arian~.2

maT ganizraxes erT-erTi aseTi dResaswaulis dRes, rodesac yvela monastris berebi erTad iqmnebodnen TavSeyrili, Tavs dasxmodnen, gaeJlitaT isini da monastrebi gaeZarcvaT. maT TavianTi ganzraxva sisruleSi moiyvanes. antoni dawvrilebiT aRwers am dResaswauls, RamiT anTebuli sanTlebiT xelSi eklesiis garSemo litaniobas, ciskris locvas da am procesiis xilvas Casafrebuli sparselebis mier. Semdeg isini gars Semoertynen medResaswauleT da, antonis TxrobiT, mosTxoves maT qristes sjulis datoveba da mahmadianobis miReba. Txroba grZeldeba ukve tradiciuli xerxebiT: qristianTa mtkice uari dasabuTebulia maTi sarwmunoebis saTnoebiTa da sikeTis yovlisSemZleobiT, mahmadianuri sarwmuneobis gakilviT da misi uxamsobis gamoaSkaravebiT. bolos

1 martirika, gv. 206,7.2 iqve, gv. 201,11.

407

iTxoven, rom maT daacadon dResaswaulis damTavreba da locva, radgan arc erTi maTgani ar daapirebs gaqcevas da maT verc veravin mieSveleba. locvebisa da ceremonilis grZeli aRwera mTavrdeba berebis amoxocvis sceniT. aq CarTulia epizodi ori Zmis Sesaxeb, romlebic Tavdapirvelad gadarCnen sikvdils, xolo Semdeg mainc Sepyres da daxoces. bolos moTxrobilia daxocilTa nawilebis Sekrebisa da dasaflavebis Sesaxeb aqa-iq cocxlad darCenili dayudebuli berebis mier da Semdeg aleqsandre mefis mier samartvilis aSenebis ambavi. Txzuleba mTavrdeba SesxmiTi nawiliT.

3. aTTa bevrTa mowameTa tfiliss vnebulTa. 1225 wels jalaledinma aiRo da gaanadgura Tbilisi, amoJlita mosaxleobis didi nawili. am dros uwamebiaT da dauxocavT qalaqis mosaxleobis datyvebebuli nawili, romelmac uari Tqva qristianuli sarwmunoebis uaryofaze. maTi ricxvi daaxloebiT 100.000 yofila. swored es ambebia gadmocemuli antonis TxzulebaSi, romelsac `Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidaTa aTTa bevrTa mowameTa tfiliss vnebulTa~ ewodeba.

dogmatikur-enkomiuri Sesavali nawilis Semdeg antoni mogviTxrobs xuarazmis saxelmwifoze Cingisxanis urdoebis Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb, aRwers jalaledinis ltolvas, somxeTSi Semosvlasa da mis aoxrebas. dasaxelebuli da momdevno faqtebi antons auRia ̀ JamTaaRmwerlis~ matianidan SemoklebiT, radgan Cingisxanis pirovnebaze da mis mier xorezmisa da sxva qveynebis dapyrobaze Txroba matianeSi sakmaod vrcladaa warmodgenili (antons Cingisxani Cinelad hyavs dasaxelebuli) da misi moRvaweobis istoria Sedarebuli aqvs siriis mefis nonosis, misi meuRlis semiramidas, herakles, dionises, kvirosis, aleqsandre makedonelisa da sxvaTa sagmiro saqmeebTan, rac ar aris mematianesTan. mematianesTan ufro vrclad da antonTan mokled gadmocemulia rusudanis mier qarTvelTa laSqris gagzavna somxeTis dasaxmareblad iovane mxargrZelis meTaurobiT. antoni aq mokled gviTxrobs garnisis brZolis Sesaxeb, Salva axalcixelis mamacobaze, tyved Cavardnaze da tyveebidan erTi wlis Semdeg mis mowamebriv sikvdilze qristianobis erTgulebis gamo, rac antons Semdeg ufro vrclad aqvs mimoxiluli `meaTequsmete sityvaSi~, romelic sagangebod Salva axalcixelis Sesaxeb daiwera mematianis amave adgilze dayrdnobiT da gavrcobiT.

ZiriTad TemasTan dakavSirebiT antoni Txrobas iwyebs jalaledinis TbilisSi SemosvliT da Tbilisis dacemiT aq mcxovrebi sparselebis gamcemlobis wyalobiT. mematianis cnobiT, zemoxsenebul garnisis brZolas da Tbilisis aoxrebas ori weli aSorebs. antonis Txzulebasa da mematianis cnobebSi sruli Tanxmobaa oRond antoni am Txrobidan amokrebs xolme iseT cnobas, romlebic misi Txrobis erTiani xazisaTvisaa saWiro da gverds uvlis mematianiseul

408

zogierT wiaRsvlas, Tumca Tavis mxriv TiTon Seaqvs damatebani zogierTi detalis dasazusteblad, magaliTad: antoni gzada-gza CaurTavs rusudanis Sesaxeb: `romlisa codviTa ganipatiJa RmrTisagan monarxiaÁ misi, raÁveca hyo man Zmiswulsa missa zeda daviTs da xatebasa zeda RmrTisasa arsebasa TÂssa, ukmoizRo RmrTisagan mosagebeli ese...~1 antons mxedvelobaSi aqvs mematianis Txroba rusudanis Sesaxeb ZmisSvilis mokvlevinebis mcdelobis gamo, romelic rusudanis istoriis ufro mogviano periodTan dakavSirebiT aqvs gadmocemuli.2

aseve, rodesac mravalricxovan Tbilisel moqalaqeTa Sesaxeb laparakobs, romlebic datyvevebuli iyvnen da moelodaT sikvdili, Tuki ar daTmobdnen qristianobas da fexiT ar gaTelavdnen xatebsa da ar SeafurTxebdnen maT jalaledinis brZanebisamebr, antoni mematianis Txrobas umatebs, rom bevri maTgani iyo gareSemo soflebidan. maT mtris rbevis dros Tavi Tbilisis cixeebs Seafares, xolo am cixeebis danebebis Semdeg mters tyved Cauvardnen Tbilisel moqalaqeebTan erTad. amasTanave mematiane aRniSnavs, ram `mravalTa ukue brwyinvale Zleva aCuenes, ara Tavs-debad Seuracxebad wmidaTa xatTa da datevebad sjulisa~3, magram arafers ambobs imaT Sesaxeb, romelnic sikvdilis SiSiT ganudgnen sjuls. antons, rogorc Cans, amoukiTxavs mematianis qveteqsti da misi Txrobis meti damajereblobisaTvis daumata: `mravalni maTganni zarisagan winaSe TualTa maTTa mdgomarisa mis sikudilisa da mebr brZanebisa mis uRmrToÁsa daakldes gvrgvnisagan winaSe TualTa sulisaTa mdgomarisa~4

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, antoniseuli ZiriTadi damatebebi JamTaaRmwerlis Txrobis bolo nawilSia CarTuli da moicavs tradiciul dialogs: dampyrobelTa winadadebas `qristes sarwmunoebis uaryofis Sesaxeb, am pirobis Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi pativisa da saboZvaris migebas, Tu arada wamebis da sikvdilis muqaras, da tyveTa pasuxs qristes sarwmunoebisadmi erTgulebis uryevi gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb. pasuxSi gamoTqmulia azri, rom qarTvelTa damarcxeba da maTi qveynis mooxreba RmerTis gangebaa maTi codvebisa da RmrTis mcnebaTa daucvelobis sanacvlod, xolo maT mier daRvrili sisxli maTi codvebisagan ganwmedis Tavmdebi. am grZel pasuxs mosdevs sasikvdilod gamzadebulTa mokle locva. yvelaferi mTavrdeba, mematianisa da antonis varaudiT, asiaTasi mowamis Tavis mokveTiT; antoni maT vrcel `Sesxmas~ uZRvnis.

4. Salva axalcixelis wameba. `aTTa bevrTa mowameTa wamebaSi~ antoni gakvriT Seexo axalcixelis Rvawlsa da wamebas, romelsac adgili hqonda Tbilisis aoxrebisa da mis datyvevebul moqalaqeTa masobrivad daxocvis ambebze ori wliT adre. ase vTqvaT, garnisis brZola, qarTvelTa damarcxeba,

1 martirika, gv. 259,23.2 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 199,7.3 iqve, gv. 178,4.4 martirika, gv. 261,6.

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Salva axalcixelis tyveoba da wameba Tbilisis tragediis Sesavali iyo. Salva axalcixeli, qarTuli istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT, Tamar mefis epoqis erT-erTi gamoCenili pirTagani iyo (mandaturTuxucesi). mis Sesaxeb pirvel cnobebs ìstoriani da azmani~ gvaZlevs1, romlebic Semdeg basili ezosmoZRvars ganumeorebia.2 ZiriTadi cnobebi mis Sesaxeb ki `JamTaaRmwerels~ Semounaxavs, romelic warmoadgens antonis ZiriTad wyaros Tavisi Txzulebis faqtobrivi masalebis gadmocemisaTvis, Tumca Tavis TxzulebaSi mas ìstoriaTa da azmaTa~ cnobebic Seutania, kerZod: Salva da misi Zma iovane winamebrZoli laSqris mxedarTufrosebi arian basianis omSi da maT gmirobas didi wvlili Seutania am istoriul gamarjvebaSi. antoni aRniSnavs kidec, rom es ambebi Tamaris istoriaSi sweriao, Tumca mas gamorCenia àzmaTas~ erTi cnoba, rom Samqoris omSi brwinvale gamarjvebis Semdeg Salva axalcixelma Tamars xalifas droSa miarTva.3

Salva axalcixelis Sesaxeb uSualo Txroba jalaledinis xvarazmidan gamoqceviT da somxeTSi SemoWriT iwyeba, iseve, rogorc zemoT ganxilul àTTa bevrTa wamebaSi~. rogorc aRvniSneT, orive Txzulebis wyaro `JamTaaRmwerlis~ matianea. somxeTa aoxrebis aRwerisas antoni SedarebisaTvis bibliur paralelebs ixmobs xolme, xolo Semdeg SeniSnavs, rom am ambebis Sesaxeb Cven saubari `meaTsammetesa Sina sityuasa~ gvqindao. antonis perifrazuli Txroba mematianis Txrobis kvaldakval grZeldeba. rusudanma xvarazmelTa mier somxeTis aoxrebis ambavi rom gaigo, saSvelad laSqari gagzavna, `rameTu mamuli mxargrZelTa _ dvni da anisi, nawili somxeTisa, monarxiasa Tana saqarTueloisasa aRiricxvoda~-o _ komentars urTavs antoni. rusudanma laSqris sardloba ioane aTabags (mxargrZels) ubrZana, romelic am dros ukve moxucebuli da `farulad monazon qmnil iyo~4, ambobs mematiane, masze miTiTebis aRniSvniT amas imeorebs antonic da Tavis komentarsac urTavs: `romlisad umjobes iyo da Cuendaca sayofelad savanei memxoloeTa, romliTa ufrore Tavisuflad ganibertda korcTa da sulsa, nuukue ubiwod waradgenda winaSe Tualuxuavad Surismgeblisa msajulisa, xolo Cuen nuTu ganvereniTmca maSindelisagan yovlad mZvnuarisa aRspobisa~.5 antons aq mxedevelobaSi aqvs ambebi, rac Semdeg moxda: xvarazmelebi da qarTvelTa laSqari garnisTan erTmaneTis pirispir dadgnen. brZolis dawyeba tradiciulad mesxTa da TorelTa mewinave laSqris pativi iyo, xolo maT am brZolaSi iseve, rogorc basianis omSi, Zmebi Salva da ivane axalcixelebi meTaurobdnen. brZola gaCaRda da Zmebic, TavianTi laSqriT

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, 74r; 95,3; 96,6-16.2 iqve, gv. 136,16; 137,10-19.3 iqve, 74,2.4 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 169,16.5 martirika, gv. 311,20.

410

musrs avlebdnen mters. magram samxedro strategiis mixedviT mewinave razms ZiriTadi laSqari unda mihyoloda, xolo mematianis sityvebiT (romlis citata gadmoaqvs antons wyaroze miTiTebiT) aTabagi ivane `SuriTa axalcixelTa... ukanagan hsdga~ da, miuxedavad axalcixelTa araerTgzisi Txovisa daxmarebis Sesaxeb, maSveli laSqari ar daaxmara, ramac ganapiroba ara marto am brZolis wageba, aramed mTeli saqarTvelos aoxreba. Seupovarma Zmebma iTakiles ukuqceva da mas Semdeg, rac maT `queSe gamoukles cxenni~, rogorc es lakoniurad aqvs aRniSnuli antons, da `yovelni saWuruelni Semusrnes mterTa zeda~, ivane daeca, xolo Salva tyved Cavarda. aq antoni RvarZlnarevi sinanuliT umatebs: `romliTa sawadeli aTabagisa ioanesi uborotesisa saSualisa kmeviTa misasrulebad mivida~.1

Salva jalaledinis winaSe waradgines. is icnes naxiWevanelebma da adrabadaganelebma da moaxsenes jalaledis misi vinaoba da simamacis ambavi. jalaledinma didi pativiT miiRo igi, uboZa mas didebulis wodeba, qalaqebi adrabadaganisa da erTi weli pativiTa da didebiT cxovrobda. aqamde antonisa da mematianis Txroba Sinaarsobrivad erTnairia. amis Semdeg mematiane mxolod erT winadadebas umatebs: `xolo Semdgomad weliwadisa erTisa moikla sultnisa mier ara datevebisaTÂs sjulisa~2, xolo antoni Txrobas hagiografiuli Txzulebis tradiciuli maneriT ganagrZobs: dawvrilebiT aris gadmocemuli jalaledinis cda Salvas mahmadianobaze moqcevisa, misi dapirebebi, muqara, Salvas vrceli pasuxi, dogmatikuri mtkicebani saiqio cxovrebis upiratesobaze miwier gancxromsaTan SedarebiT, Salvas sapyrobileSi Cagdebisa da wamebis scenebi da aRsasruli. Txzulebis es nawili gadatvirTulia bibliuri citatebiT. Txzulebis bolo nawili eTmoba Salvas vrcel `Sesxmas~, romelic imave stiliTaa dawerili, rogorc amave Txzulebis SesavalSi warmodgenili SesxmiTi CanarTebi.

5. quabTaxevs wamebulTa. bagrat V-is mefobis dros 1393 wels saqarTvelos Temurlengi Semoesia. tfilisis aRebisaTvis gaafTrebul brZolaSi Temurlengma bagrat mefe tyved Caigdo, Tbilisi da misi Semogareni mTlianad aaoxra. tyveobaSi myofma mefem Temurlengis yovelgvari cdis miuxedavad qristianoba ar daTmo. Tbilisidan Temurlengi yarias gaemarTa sanadirod, Semdeg yarabaRs da bagratic Tan hyavda. bardavs myofma Temurlengma Tavisi sardali gamogzavna Sida qarTlis dasarbevad, radgan Tbilisis aRebis dros am mxarisaTvis maSin ver moicala. `da moiwivnes laSqarni misni da iavar-yves da moaoÃres yovelive saqarTvelo, Semusres da daarRvevs wmida kaTolike eklesia mcxeTisa, da miiwivnes muniT quabTaÃevs, da Seipyres mun myifni kacni: mamani da dedani,

1 iqve, 312,30.2 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 171.

411

mRdelni da diakonni da monazonni, da Seamwyudies taZarsa wmidisa quabTaÃevisa RmrTismSobelisasa da Seugznes cecxli Sinagan eklesiisa da dawves, romelica iyofebodes eklesiasa mas Sina. da vidre dReindelad dRemde ixilvebis Sinagan iataksa zeda wmidisa eklesiisasa da damwvarni saxeni maTni dResac-ve zedan sxenan~.1 Semdeg maT aaoxres da daangries ruisi da misi eklesia, Camovles kaxeTi, dawves, moaoxres da gaJlites mosaxleoba.

amis Semdeg Temurlengma xelmeored scada bagratis Tavis sjulze moqceva. bagratma gadawyvita moetyuebina Temurlengi, moCvenebiT misi sarwmunoeba mieRo, xolo ndobis mopovebis Semdeg Suri eZia. asec moiqca: bagratma Temurlengs gamosTxova 12000 meomari, viTomda qarTveli mosaxleobis sarwmunoebis gamosacvlelad, sinamdvileSi ki gaafrTxila Tavisi Svili giorgi da qarTvelTa laSqarma gzaSi mTlianad amoJlita mtris laSqari, ise, rom erTi kacic ar gadarCenila cocxali. es rom gaigo Temurlengma, isev warmoemarTa qarTlisaken. bagrati mas qarTvelTa laSqriT daxvda. mamacuri brZolis miuxedavad qarTvelebi iZlivnen da mterma saSinlad moaoxra qveyana. ai, mokle Sinaarsi beri egnataSvilis saistorio Sromis im monakveTisa, romelic bagrat V-is mefobis moicavs Temurlengis am Semosevas aRwers. CvenTvis saintereso adgili ufro gvian gaimeora vaxuSti batoniSvilma Tavis saqarTvelos istoriaSi~.2

Cven es imisTvis aRvniSneT, rom `martirikaSi~ Setanili anton bagrationis hagiografiuli Txzuleba dasaxelebul saistorio wyaroebs eyrdnoba; amas TviT avtoric ase aRniSnavs: `Zueli ukue matiane Cueni mogviTxrobs~, rodesac igi beri egnataSvilis naSroms iyenebs, xolo `swers vaxuSti~ an `esreT hswers vaxuSti~, rodesac mis istorias iSveliebs. Cven mier zemomotanili Sinaarsi antons zustad ase aqvs gadmocemuli, ra Tqma unda, perifrazulad. es Txroba mosdevs am Txzulebis Zalian vrcel dogmatikur Sesavals (mTeli Txzulebis TiTqmis mesameds), magram Txrobis TanmimdevrobaSi gansxvavebac aris: mematianis mixedviT qvaTaxevis monasterisa da misi mrevlis dawva bagratis tyveobis dros moxda, xolo antonis mixedviT ki bagratis mier Temurlengis TormetaTasiani laSqris motyuebiT gaJletis sapasuxod represiebis dros.

es gansxvaveba antonsac aqvs aRniSnuli. igi SeniSnavs, rom vaxuSti am ambebs bagratis tyveobidan ganTavisuflebis Semdegdroindelad Tvliso. albaT antonma Txrobis vaxuStiseuli Tanmimdevroba ufro imitom irwmuna, rom misi Txzulebis siuJetisaTvis ufro Sesaferisi iyo: jer undoda bagrat mefesTan dakavSirebuli istoriuli ambebi moeTxro, xolo Semdeg mTlianad Tavisi Txzulebis ZiriTad Temaze gadasuliyo da aRar gaewyvita igi. meore gansxvaveba mosalodneli da Segnebulia: is, rac naTqvamia qvaTaxevis monastrisa da mis

1 qarTlis cxovreba, III, gv. 328,28.2 qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 264-267.

412

mravalricxovan mkvidrTa dawvis Sesaxeb, mematianis TxzulebaSi martooden zemomotanili citatiT amoiwura, antonTan ki, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, am ambis aRweras aTeuli gverdi aqvs daTmobili, magram es vrceli varianti faqtobriv masalas imaze mets ar Seicavs, rac mematianesTan aris. teqstis gavrcoba antonisaTvis Cveuli xerxebiT aris miRweuli. aq igive suraTia ganmeorebuli, rogoric danarCeni 4 ganxiluli Txzulebis finalSia aRwerili: marbevelTa cda monastris mkvidrTa TavianT sarwmunoebaze moqcevisa, monazonTa mtkice uari, Semagrebuli dogmatikuri da moraluri xasiaTis mravali mtkicebiT, sikvdilis wina locva da bolos maTi damwyvdeva monastris mTavar taZarSi da Sig gamowva. mematianiseul gadmocemas: `vidre dReindelad dRemde ixilvebis Sinagan iataksa zedan wmidisa eklesiisasa da damwvarni saxeni maTni dResacve zedan sxenan~, antonic imeorebs cotaoden gansxvavebuli niuansiT: `gamoiwernes da daibeWdnes iatakTa zeda ekklesiisaTa asoni igi damwuarni mowameTani amad, viTarmed, Tu sadme martvlTmoyuarebaman ganaRÂZnes mravalni qebis sityuaobad Zlevisad maTisa, arcaRa ucxoveloni daaklden qadagebisagan martÂlTa Zlevamoyuarebisa~1, Txzuleba tradiciulad mTavrdeba vrceli qebiT anu `SesxmiT~.

III. hagiografiuli Txzulebani somex mowameTa Sesaxeb

`martirikaSi~ warmodgenili bolo sami Txzuleba im wmindanTa wamebas exeba, romelTa Sesaxeb hagiografiuli Zeglebi somxur enaze Seiqmna, magram es wmidanebi qarTul wreebSi adridanve popularuli gamxdaran da Zvel qarTul liturgikul wignebSi maTi xseneba SeutaniaT. antonsac xazgasmiT aqvs aRniSnuli, rom: `vhsWuretT winaparTagan mamaTa qarTuelTa, viTarmed daumtkicebies-ye gansazRurebaÁ ese anu ganCinebaÁ, rameTu saTTueoTa Sina mosaÃsenebelTa da metafrasTa Ãsenebai somxeTsa Sina vnebulTa WeSmaritebisa mowameTa...~2 es Txzulebebia:

1. `sityua meaTuramete. Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidaTa mowameTa suqiosisa da mis Tana vnebulTa sukavetelTa, qmnili antonis mier...~ (gv. 340-352).

2. `sityua meaTcxramete. Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidaTa mowameTa isak da iosebisi, vnebulTa qalaqsa Sina Teodosipolsa, qmnili...~ (gv. 353-370).

1 qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 329. 2 martirika, gv. 341,15.

413

3. `sityua meoce. Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidisa mRudel-mowamisa grigori didisa somxeTisa episkoposisa da wmidaTa RirsTa mowameTa qalwulTa rifsimasi da gaianasi da sxvaTa maT Tana, qmnili...~ (gv. 370-418).

TiToeuli Txzulebis mokle mimoxilvaSi Cven zogadad SevexebiT Zvel qarTul wyaroebSi dadasturebul cnobebs am mowameTa Sesaxeb. rac Seexeba dasaxelebul somex mowameTa Sesaxeb wamoWril sxvadasxva istoriul-filologiur sakiTxebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia dasaxelebuli hagiografiuli Zeglebis somxur dednebTan, Cven maT aq ver SevexebiT. ZiriTadad yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT antonis mier Tavis TxzulebebisaTvis gamoyenebul wyaroebze, am TxzulebaTa Zvel qarTul Targmanebze, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ somxur teqstebzec.

1. suqiosisa da mis Tana vnebulTa wameba. anton bagrationis `martirikaSi~ am TxzulebiT iwyeba somxuri hagiografiis Zeglebis warmodgena. igi iTvleba somxuri hagiografiuli mwerlobis erT-erT uZveles Zeglad1. antonis mier `martirikaaSi~ am Zeglis Setanis mizezze aRvniSneT, rom qarTuli hagiografiuli da liturgikul mwerlobis tradiciebiT am mowameTa xseneba qarTul eklesiaSic damkvidrda da antonmac movaled igrZno Tavi, angariSi gaewia winaparTa tradiciebisaTvis. Zvel qarTul hagiografiul-liturgikul Zeglebs sakmaod adre droidan Semounaxavs cnobebi am mowameTa Sesaxeb. somxuri hagiografis am uZvelesi Zeglis qarTuli Targmanis erTaderTi nusxa Setanilia X s. cnobil aTonis mravalTavSi (Ath. 8), Tumca am Zeglis Targmnas IX saukuneSi SesaZleblad miiCneven2.

qarTul liturgikul krebulebSi `mesukavelTa~ xseneba XI saukunidan gvxvdeba: XI s. didi svinaqsris erT-erTi nusxis (A-97) aSiaze teqstis xeliT weria: `amasve dResa (15 aprils) wmidaTa mowameTa mesukavelTaÁ suqiasi da moyuasTa misTa~ (164v), rac ufro mogviano liturgikul ZeglebSi aseve meordeboda. rogorc Cans, am mowameTa xseneba qarTuli saeklesio wignebis iseTi organuli nawili gaxda, rom gviandelma krebulebma es moRvaweebi ukve qarTvelebad CaTvales. mag. XVIIII s. erT-erT sagaloblebis krebulSi (A-4931, 221) aseTi xsenebaa Setanili: `amasve dResa (15 aprili), wmidisa suqiasi da misTanaTa qarTuelTa~ (487). liturgikul krebulebSi Cven vxvdebiT `locvai wmidaTa mesukevelTa~ (A-450, XVI s. A-895, XVII _ XVIII ss), romlebic Seicaven am mowameTa Sesaxeb Seqmnili somxuri hagiografiuli Zeglis qarTuli Targmanidan sityvasityviT amoRebul or locvasa da maTi vinaobisa da wamebis mokle cnobebs 101. aseve, pl. ioselianis cnobiT, mas aTonis mTaze 1107 wlis etratis xelnawerSi unaxavs maTi sagalobeli da moaqvs amonaweri: `wmidaTa mowameTaA suqiasi da moyuasTa misTa, romelni iyunes somxiTiT da ewamnes

1 martirika, gv. 341,15.2 iqve, gv. 511, sq. 99.

414

urwmunoTagan 100 welsa qristesiT~ 102. erTi sityviT, antons marTlac, sakmarisi safuZveli hqonda eTqva, rom: `winaparTagan mamaTa qarTvelTa... daumtkicebiseye gansazRurebiT ese anu ganCenai, rameTu saTTueoTa Sina mosavsenebelTa da metafrasTa hxsenebaÁ somxeTsa Sina vnebulTa WeSmaritebisa mowameTa, romelni mTasa Sina sukavetisasa... ivnes~ 103, antonma Tavisi wvlilic Seitana winaparTa mier ganmtkicebul tradiciaSi da suqias da mis moyuasTa Sesaxeb axali `Sesxma da wameba~ dawera. ra Tqma unda, antonma Tavis TxzulebisaTvis, garda mis mier SeTxzuli panegirikuli nawilisa, Zveli wyaroebiT isargebla, magram gasarkvevia, es wyaroebi qarTulad arsebuli masalaa Tu originaluri somxuri.

samecniero literaturaSi garkveulia, rom `wameba wmidaTa mowameTa mesukavelTai~ somxuri dednis zusti Targmania, Tumca somxur dedans aklia qarTuli Targmanis mozrdili Sesavali1. antonis Txzuleba ar iyenebs qarTul Targmans, rac Semdegidan Cans: 1) antonis TxzulebaSi aRniSnulia, rom wamebulTa ricxvi cxrameti iyo, Tumca CamoTvlis mxolod 17-s (aklia iqdoq da Tevdosios) da zogierTi saxelic ar hgavs qarTul Targmansa da mis dedanSi dadasturebul saxelis formas (nerangios _ svrqios nacvlad, mimianos _ menas nacvlad, Teodoritos _ Tevdotios nacvlad). 2) antonis TxzulebaSi ar aris asaxuli qarTuli Targmanis is Sesavali, romelic somxuri dednis xelnawerebs akliaT. 3) antoni Tavis TxzulebaSi ar axsenebs qarTul Targmans, rac imas niSnavs, rom antonisaTvis Ath. 8 xelnaweri, romelic Seicavs `mesukavelTa~ wamebis qarTuli Targmanis erTaderT nusxas, cnobili ar iyo. es Cans Tundac iqidan, rom antonis martirikaSi ar Sevida ori hagiografiuli Txzuleba _ `wamebai daviT da tiriWanisi~ da `wamebai yrmaTa wmidaTai ricxviT cxraÁ~, romlebic mxolod Ath.8 xelnaweriTaa cnobili da qarTul originalur hagiografiul Zeglebad aris aRiarebuli2. sxvagvarad am faqtis axsna SeuZlebelia, radganac antonma `martirikaSi~ Tavi mouyara ara marto yvela misTvis cnobil hagiografiul Zegls, aramed TviTon Seadgina ramdenime iseTi hagiografiuli Txzuleba, romelic manamde damoukidebeli Txzulebis saxiT ar arsebobda, amasTanave ar gamorCa qarTuli eklesiis mier aRiarebuli is pirebic, romelTa Sesaxeb ZiriTadi hagiografiuli Zeglebi somxur enaze daiwera. amitom antonis sityvebSi: `momzraxaoben amisTvs WeSmaritni meistorieni~ somxuri wyaroebi unda igulisxmebodes. 4) mTavari sabuTi imisa, rom antoni raRac gansxvavebul somxur wyaros iyenebs da ara qarTul Targmans, is aris, rom antonis TxzulebaSi iseTi adgilebia, rac ar aris `mesukavelTa~ wamebis qarTul TargmanSi da mis somxur dedanSi. aRvniSnavT mxolod umTavress: antonis Txzuleba, romelic tradiciuli vrceli SesavliT iwyeba, mowameTa Sesaxeb Txrobas iwyebs

1 il. abulaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 131.2 iqve, gv. 64-70.

415

apokrifuli ambebiT, romlebSic gadmocemulia iuda mociqulis Sexvedra saberZneTidan momaval xuTkacian jgufTan, romlis meTaurs xrisos (e.i. oqro) erqva (xolo somxur wyaroebSi oski, e.i. oqro). despanebma Seipyres mociquli da vinaoba gamohkiTxes. mociqulma yovelive uambo da maT qriste uqadaga. qadagebis dros irmebis jogi gamoCnda da despanebma mociquls misi sityvebis dasamtkiceblad saswaulis Cveneba moTxoves. piroba aseTi iyo: mociquls unda SeeCerebina gaqceuli irmebis jogi, daeWira erTi iremi, romelsac moSivebuli despanebi daklavdnen, Sewvavdnen da SeWamdnen. mociqulma es piroba Seasrula. maSin maT mociquls axali saswauli mosTxoves: moegrovebina SeWmuli irmis Zvlebi da gaecocxlebina igi. Tu mociquli am saswaulsac Caidenda, maSin isini SeWmaritad irwmunebdnen misi RmerTis, e.i. qristes yovlisSemZleobas. iuda mociqulma Seagrova Zvlebi, dahbura maT irmis tyavi da iremic cocxali wamodga. am saswaulma despanebi ganacvifra. mociqulma ubrZana irems, SeerTeboda jogs, magram iremi Zlivs iZvroda da koWlobda. maSin iudam mimarTa despanebs: romelime Tqvenganma Zvali an gadaagdo, an damala da amitom ar SeuZlia irems gaqcevao. erTi maTgani gamotyda, rom gangeb dabala Zvali da patiebas sTxovda mociquls. mociqulma moixmo iremi, Caudga mas daklebuli Zvali da ubrZana gaqceuliyo. iremi sirbiliT daedevna jogs da SeuerTda mas. despanebma irwmunes qriste da mociqulis xeliT moinaTlnen, xolo xrisos mRvdelobis pativi mieca. isini daemowafnen mociquls da exmarebodnen qristes sarwmunoebis qadagebaSi. xolo iudas mowamebrivi aRsasrulis Semdeg isini daeyudnen evfratis saTavesTan mdebare mTaze.

somxeTSi artaqsaris mefobis dros xriso da misi mowafeebi samefo karze mividnen da qrisres saxareba uqadages mefesa da dedofal saTeniks, romelic albaneli iyo. dedoflis mxleblebma, romlebic mas albaneTidan moyvnen mziTvad, qristianoba miiRes, xolo mefem moucleloba moimizeza, Semdegi droisTvis gadado gaqristianeba da sabrZolvelad wavida. mefis Zeebma qristes mqadagebeli xriso da misi moyvasni samefo karidan gaaZeves da isini mTaze dabrundnen. dedoflis gaqristianebuli mxleblebi male maT kvals gahyvnen da maTac meudabnoeoba airCies.

antonis Txzulebis es monakveTi ori TvalsazrisiT gvainteresebs: jer erTi, mociqulis Sexvedra da mis mier Cadenili saswaulebi, romelTa mokle Sinaarsi Cven gadmoveciT, ar moipoveba `mesukavelTa wamebis~ arc somxur dedanSi da arc qarTul TargmanSi. ar aris es Txroba arc meore somxuri hagiografiuli Zeglis `sityuani wamebisaTÂs wmidisa oskisi da moyuasTa misTaÁ~ qarTul TargmanSi, romelSiac Cven mier zemomotanil TxrobaSi naxseneb xrisos (somxurSi _ oski) da misi Tanmxlebi pirebis gaqristianeba da wamebaa aRwerili da romlis qarTuli

416

Targmanis erTaderTi nusxa aseve aTonis # 8 X saukunis mravalTavSia Setanili1. maS, saidan Semoitana antonma Tavis TxrobaSi es epizodi? il. abulaZes Tavis `qarTul da somxur literaturuli urTierTobaSi~ aRniSnuli aqvs Semdegi faqti: `somxuri `mravalTavis~ xelnawerebSi oskianTa martvloba xSirad gvxvdeba. qarTuli Zveli Targmanis Sesabamisi teqsts garda, zogierT xelnawerSi am martvilobis sxvagvari apokrifulive wignic mogvepoveba. maTTan SedarebiT qarTuli Targmanis Sesabamisi somxuri martvilobis wigni `mravalTavis~ nusxebSi ufro xSiradaa warmodgenili. erTi rigis martvilobis wignebi imiT sxvaobs qarTuli Targmanisa da misi somxuri Sesabamisi martvilobis wignisagan, rom am ukanasknelis mokle Sesavlis (gv. 9,7 – 10,5) nacvlad pirvels sakmaod vrceli teqsti moepoveba (n. SeniSvnebi, gv. 188), romelic oskianTa vinaobasa da maTs Tadeos mociqulTan damowafebis istorias mogviTxrobs~2. rogorc vxedavT, somxur `mravalTavebSi~ arsebobs oskianTa martvilobis iseTi nusxebi, romlebsac Zvel qarTul TargmanTan gansxvavebiT win uZRvis zustad imave Sinaarsis apokrifuli Txroba, rogoric antonis Txzulebis Sesaval nawilSi gvaqvs da romlis Sinaarsi Cven zemoT movitaneT. meore mxriv, antonis ̀ suqiosisa da mis Tana vnebulTa sukavetelTa~ wamebaSi moTxrobili iuda mociqulis mier Cadenili saswaulebis Semdeg aRniSnuli faqti suqiosisa (imave oskis) da misi oTxi Tanmxlebis gaqristianebisa da gandegilobis ambavi, maT mier artaqsar mefis (somxuri wyaroebisa da misi Zveli qarTuli TargmaniT artaSes) karze misvla, mefe-dedoflis qristianobaze moqcevis cda da saTenik dedoflis ZeTa mier maTi samefo karidan gandevnis ambavi, romlis Sinaarsi Cven agreTve zemoT movitaneT, ar aris suqias da mis moyvasTa wamebis arc somxur dedanSi da arc mis Zvel qarTul TargmanSi. samagierod es nawili TiTqmis asevea moTxrobili TxzulebaSi `sityuani wamebisaTvs wmidisa oskisi da moyuasTa misTaÁ~. igi warmoadgens amave saxelwodebis somxuri hagiografiis Zeglis Zvel qarTul Targmans (Setanilia Ath. 8 xelnawerSi). aqedan aseTi daskvna unda gavakeToT: antonis ZiriTadi wyaro `suqiosis da sukavetelTa~ wamebis I nawilisaTvis aris `sityuani wamebisaTvs wmidisa oskisa da moyuasTa misTaÁ~-s iseTi somxuri redaqcia, romelic Seicavs zemomotanil apokriful Sesavals, romelSic Tadeoz mociqulis saswaulebia aRwerili. es Sesavali nawili qarTulad arasodes ar yofila Targmnili. meore nawilisaTvis ukve TviT `wamebai wmidaTa mowameTa mesukavetTai~-s somxuri dedani unda vigulisxmoT, radgan, rogorc vTqviT, antons ar unda scodnoda Ath.8-is arseboba, romelSic iyo Setanili am Zeglis qarTuli Targmanis erTaderTi nusxa. aqve unda davsZinoT, rom antonis mier Tavisi TxzulebisaTvis wyarod, somxuri hagiografiuli mwerlobis ori

1 il. abulaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 22-61.2 iqve, gv. 0126.

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erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli ZegliT sargeblobis faqti moulodneli ar aris. saqme isaa, rom òskianTa~ da `sukavetTa~ wamebis teqstebi somxeTSi Tadeoz mociqulis mier qristianobis qadagebis erT cikls miekuTvneba (`sanduxt dedoflis wamebasTan~ erTad) da erTmaneTis gagrZelebad aris navaraudebi (somxuri dednebis orive Zegls erTi da imave avtoris anderZebi erTvis)1.

unda aRiniSnos antonis Txzulebis zogierTi sxvaoba mis wyaroebTan SedarebiT:

1. zemomotanil TxrobaSi antonis Txzulebis mixedviT mociquls iuda ewodeba, xolo somxuri wyaroebiT Tadeozi. rogorc Cans, es erTi da igivea: somexi saeklesio istorikosi m. ormaniani wers: àn ori Tadeosi unda SeviwynaroT somxeTis mociqulebad (mxedvelobaSi aqvs lebeos-Tadeosi da iuda-Tadeosi), anda marto iuda-Tadeosi vicnaT somxeTis mociqulad...~2.

2. antonis TxzulebaSi iuda mociqulis mier Cadenili saswaulebis aRweras win uZRvis aseTi apokrifuli cnoba: `momzraxaoben amisTvis WeSmaritni meistorieni, viTarmed ZmaÁ RmrTisa saRmrToÁ mociquli da mowafe sityÂsa ganÃorcielebulisa iuda, mqonebi epistolisa avgarosis mimarT edesiurisa mTavrisad miwerilisa uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesgan, Sevida epistoliTa miT palatsa Sina edesiurisa mTvarissasa, romeli iyo zedwodebul sanatrog Ze avgarosisa, raTa cnobad WeSmaritebisa moiyuanamca igi~. magram sanatrogma ar Seiwynara mociqulis qadagebao da isic ganeSora da warvida `ganfenad saxarebisa~. amis Semdeg mas Sexvdnen berZeni despanebi da moTxrobilia ambavi, rac Cven zemoT movitaneT. antonis am Txrobas analogiuri Sesatyvisi arc zemoganxilul somxur wyaroebSi moepoveba da arc maT Zvel qarTul TargmanebSi. meorec, antonis mier edesiis mTavris avgarosis Zed gamocxadebuli sanatrogi somxuri wyaroebiT somxeTis mefed ixsenieba (`wmidaÁ sanduxt asuli iyo sanatrukisi mefisa somxeTisaisa~ _ `wameba wmidisa dedoflisa sanduxtis~)3. antonis mier am SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebuli wyaros Sesaxeb Cven verafers vityviT, Tu ar dauSvebT varauds, rom mas òskianTa~ wamebis ciklis iseTi Txzuleba hqonda, romelic mociqulis saswaulebis aRweraze win antoniseuli Txzulebis aRniSnul Txrobas Seicavda.

antoniseuli Txzulebis uSualo Txroba suqiosisa da mis moyvasTa Sesaxeb kompoziciurad da Sinaarsobrivad emyareba am mowameTa somxur wamebas (romlis zusti Targmania Ath.8 xelnawerSi Sesuli erTaderTi nusxa), magram zogierTi gansxvaveba mainc SeimCneva. jer erTi, antonis Txzuleba wyaros perifrazirebaa, meorec, antons mTeli sisruliT ar gadmouRia wyaro: gamotovebulia wyaros

1 il. abulaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 0127.2 iqve, gv. 122.3 iqve, gv. 3.

418

ramdenime epizodi (somxeTis mefeTa mokvla sparsTa mefis mier, `sukavelTa~ locva somxeTis darbevisagan gadasarCenad da sparsTa mefis ukuqceva, erT-erTi meudabnois (poloketis) xilva da mowameTa locva am cudi xilvis Tavidan asacileblad, suqiosis xilva mosalodneli maTi wamebis Seasxeb da mis mier moyvasTa `ganZliereba~, lukianozis winadadeba baginTa darbevis Sesaxeb da suqiosis uari, maT dasasjelad movlinebuli bralahas da mowameTa zogierTi dialogi, mowameTa sami locva dasjis win da sxv.). gansxvavebulia zogierT pirTa saxelebis dawerilobac (antonTan suqiosis eriskacobis saxeli barda, wyaroSi baraqadra, albanTa mefe ditianoz _ didianze, mowameTa mefis winaSe `Semasmeneli~ hskuir – skohe; sukavelTa saxelebis Sesaxeb zemoT iyo msjeloba). antonis Txzulebis bolos ar aris am Zeglis Zveli qarTuli Targmanis bolo nawilis (`CuenebisaTvs kostantine mefisa~) Sesabamisi teqsti an misi Sinaarsi. es gasagebicaa, radgan qarTuli Targmanis es bolo nawili ar aris somxuri dednis bevr xelnawerSic. antonsac swored im somxuri xelnaweriT unda esargebla, romelsac es bolo nawili ar hqonda.

2. isakisa da iosebis wameba. antoni Tavis TxzulebaSi sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom `xolo Cven vinaiTgan movicaleT aTSvdmetTa sityuaTa Sina qarTuelTa mowameTaTÂs, mfaruelTa CuenTa, xolo meaTruameteÁ sityuaÁ vhyavT RirsTa mowameTaTÂs suqieTTa... aw, vityodeT, vhgalobdeT da mouTxrobdeT sxuaTa mowameTaTvs vnebulTa qalaqsa Sina Teodosipolsa, romelsa Cuen zedwodebul vhyofT karnu qalaqad, romelTa hksenebai dasdues piruelTa mamaTa qarTuelTa saTTueoTa mosaÃsenebelTa Sina. xolo saRmrToTa maT mowameTa saxelni esreT uwyebul ars Cuend: isak da ioseb~1. rogorc vnaxeT, antons upirveles yovlisa aRniSnuli aqvs, rom am mowameTa xseneba qarTuli saeklesio tradiciebiT aris ganmtkicebuli. marTlac, 15 seqtembers XVII-XVIII ss. qarTul sadResaswauloebSi Setanilia `sahak da iosebis~ xseneba, Tanac yvela maTganSi maT qarTvelebi ewodebaT: `...amasve dResa (15 seqtembers) wmidaTa mowameTa orTa ZmaTa qarTvelTa sahakisi da iosebisi, romelni iwamnes karnu qalaqsa sarkinozTagan~ (A-111, 26r; agreTve A-425,59r; centr. arq. #488, 102r da sxv). antoni, rogorc Cans, undoblad moekida cnobebs am mowameTa qarTvelobis Sesaxeb da Tavis TxzulebaSi es Secdoma ar gaimeora. am mowameTa xseneba ufro adrindel qarTul xelnawerebSi ar dasturdeba. SesaZlebelia, maTi xseneba iyo A-97 XI saukunis svinaqsarSi 15 seqtembris aSiaze miwerili, iseve, rogorc suqielTa xseneba, magram samwuxarod am xelnawers dasawyisi nawili aklia. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom isakisa da iosebis Sesaxeb Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi araviTari hagiografiuli Targmnili Txzulebis kvali ar Cans. upirveles yovlisa mosalodneli iyo misi arseboba Ath.8 krebulSi, romelSic ZiriTadad

1 martirika, gv. 357,25.

419

Tavmoyrilia somxuridan Targmnili hagiografiuli masala, magram, rogorc Cans, am krebulis Targmnis droisaTvis isakisa da iosebis wameba jer kidev ar iyo Seqmnili. bunebrivia, am krebulSi maTi martviloba ver Sevidoda. ar dasturdeba maTi svinaqsaruli cxovrebac qarTul liturgikul ZeglebSi. amdenad, savaraudebelia, rom antoni cnobebs am mowameTa Sesaxeb, romelTa arseboba man qarTul wyaroebSi maTi saxelebis moxsenebebiT icoda, somxur enaze arsebuli masalidan moipovebda. marTlac, somxurad arsebobs sahakisa da iosebis wameba. Txzuleba moklea da ewodeba: `wminda sahakisa da iosebis wameba~, romelic gamoqveynebulia wignSi: `cxovreba da mowameoba wmindanTa~, t II gv. 266-271 venecnia, 1974 w. somxur enaze. antonis Txzulebis metismetad sqematuri xasiaTi saSualebas ar iZleva kategoriuli gancxadebisaTvis, rom antonma saxeldobr am somxuri ZegliT isargebla, Tumca sxva SesaZleblobac ar arsebobs, radgan qarTul wyaroebSi am mowameTa Sesaxeb araviTari cotad Tu bevrad vrceli cnobebi ar iZebneba.

`martirikaSi~ Sesul TxzulebaTa Soris `isakisa da iosebis wameba~ erT-erTi yvelaze sqematuri Zeglia: Txzulebis udidesi nawili daTmobili aqvs ganyenebul filosofiur-dogmatikur msjelobebs da mowameTa `Sesxmas~, xolo istoriul-biografiuli cnobebi Zalze Raribadaa warmodgenili. mowameTa Sesaxeb TxrobaSic ZiriTadi adgili uWiravs wmindanTa gasamarTlebis scenas: mahmadianebi cdiloben isaki da iosebi qristianuli sarwmunoebidan isev mahmadianur sjulze moaqcion, hpirdebian pativsa da simdidres, magram wmindanebi mtkiced icaven qristianul sjuls da amqveyniur cxovrebas arad agdeben, ganaqiqeben mahmadianur sjuls da wamebis win locvebs warmoTqvamen. bolos, maT sikvdiliT sjian Tavis mokveTiT. Txzuleba mTavrdeba mowameTa Rvawlis mokle qeba-SesxmiT.

antonis TxzulebaSi erTaderTi istoriuli piria moxsenebuli _ bizantiis imperatori nikifore, romelsac mowameebma werili misweres, bizantiaSi Casvlis nebarTva da mfarveloba Txoves. es unda iyos nikifore I (806-810). da ara nikifore foka (963-969) an nikifore botaniati (1078-1081), e.i. isakisa da iosebis wamebis faqts adgili hqonia IX s. dasawyisSi. antoni gamocemuli teqstis romelime somxuri xelnaweriT unda sargeblobdes, radgan ZiriTadi momentebi am teqstis msgavsad aqvs gadmocemuli, Tumca dednis isedac mokle Txroba antons kidev ufro sqematuri gauxdia (gamoutovebia zogierTi piris moxseneba, mag. Teodosipolis amiris ahronisa, erT-erTi mamikonianelTaganis qurdakisa, agreTve isakis, iosebisa da maTi mesame Zmis SiSi mamis winaSe qristianobis miRebis gamo da sxv.).

3. grigol ganmanaTleblis, rifsimesa da gaianes wameba. `martirikaSi~ Sesul TxzulebaTa Soris ukanaskneli, meoce Zegli, romelic grigoli

420

didis, somexTa ganmanaTleblis cxovrebasa da wamebas aRwers da romelSic CarTulia rifsimesa da gaianes martvilobis epizodebic, martirikis~ danarCen TxzulebebTan SedarebiT erTisamad vrcelia. grigolis `cxovreba-wamebaSi~ rifsimesa da gaianes wamebis epizodis Setana antonis iniciativa ar aris, aramed im wyaroTa Taviseburebaa, romlebiTac antonma isargebla. marTlac, grigol ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis Cvenamde moRweuli somxuri dedani da misi berZnuli, arabuli da qarTuli Targmanebi aseTive viTarebas gviCvenebs1, Tumca samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli azriT grigolisa da rifsime-gaianes wamebaTa teqstebi Tavdapirvelad damoukideblad unda arsebuliyvnen da maTi gaerTianeba moxda agaTangelosis TxzulebaSi, romelsac `somxeTis istoria~ ewoda2.

grigol parTeveli Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi metad popularuli wmindania VII-X saukuneebis wyaroebis mixedviT. qarTuli wyaroebidan misi uZvelesi xseneba moipoveba `ierusalimis ganCinebaSi~3, xolo misdami miZRvnili sagaloblebi X s. iadgarebSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa4. grigol ganmanaTlebelis cxovrebis qarTuli Targmani ori redaqciiTaa Semonaxuli da Sesrulebulia simeon metafrasis berZnulad Seqmnili Txzulebidan XI s. ori sxvadasxva mTargmnelis mier5. giorgi mTawmidlis mier Targmnil did svinaqsarSi 30 seqtembris dReze Setanilia grigolis, rofsimesa da gaianes sakmaod vrceli svinaqsaruli cxovrebac, romelic berZnuli originalis Targmnas warmoadgens6.

antonis Txzuleba ZiriTadad panegirikuli Janris nawarmoebia, romelSic SigadaSig CarTulia istoriul-biografiuli cnobebi am mowameTa Sesaxeb. antoni Tavis TxzulebaTa wyaroebidan asaxelebs `proloRos, TTue sekdemberi, ricxvi 30~, romelic giorgi mTawmidlis `didi svnaqsris~ nusxebs gulisxmobs, `oqropirisa wmidisa giorgi parTisaTÂs kukusos ekklesiasa Sina qmnili qadageba~, romlis qarTul Targmans Cven ver mivakvlieT. garda am wyaroebisa, antoni unda sargeblobdes grigolis vcreli cxovrebis qarTuli TargmaniTac, radgan mis TxzulebaSi dadasturebuli zogierTi cnoba ar aris svinaqsarul cxovrebaSi. antons Tavisi Txzulebis saTauri grigolis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis mixedviT Seudgenia: `Sesxmai da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidisa mRudelmowamisa

1 dasaxelebuli Zeglebis redaqciebisa da Targmanebis Sesaxeb ix. М. Абегян, История древнеармянской литературы, Ереван, 1975, с. 98-104. Н. Марр, Крещение армян, грузин, абхазов и аланов святым григорием (арабская версия), СПБ, 1905; cxovrebaÁ wm. grigol parTelisaÁ, gamoc. l. meliqseT-begis mier, Monumenta Georgica, scraptores ecclesiastici #2, tfilisi, 1920; iv. javaxiSvili, Zv. somxuri saeklesio mwerloba, tfilisi, 1935, gv. 71-149 da sxv. 2 iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 79 (fon-gutSmidis azri).3 К. С. Кекелидзе, Иерусалимский канонарь VII века (грузинская версия), Тифлис, 1912, с. 147 (21 XII).4 Sin.49, 91v-97v; Sin.59; Sin.65 da sxv.5 S 334(XI-XII ss.), gv. 213-257. gamoc. l. meliqseT-begis mier, aTonis #20 (daaxl. 1080-iani wlebi), gv. 70-74. Targmnilia Teofile xucesmonazonis mier. 6 H 2211 (XI s.).

421

grigori didisa somxiTis episkoposisa da wmidaTa RirsTa mowameTa qalwulTa rifsimasi da gaianasi da sxuaTa maTTanaTa...~ Sead. svinaqsaruli cxovrebis saTauri: `Tuesa sekednbersa l. wmidisa grigol episkoposisa didisa somxiTisai da gaianesi da rifsimaisi da maTTanaTaÁ~, maSin, rodesac grigol parTelis cxovrebis qarTuli Targmanis saTauria: `cxovrebai da amissa Semdgomad wamebai wmidisa mRdelmowamisa grigoli parTevelisai~1.

grigolis, rifsimesa da gaianes Sesaxeb istoriul-biografiuli cnobebi antons Tavis TxzulebaSi Raribad aqvs warmodgenili, rac ganpirobebulia Txzulebis panegirikuli xasiaTiT. Tavisi Txzulebis TxrobiTi adgilebis aRwerisas antoni ZiriTadad svinaqsarul cxovrebas eyrdnoba da wyarosac iqve uTiTebs, Tumca xSirad svinaqsaruli cxovrebis mokle Txroba Sevsebuli aqvs vrceli cxovrebis monacemebiTac. mag. antonis sityvebi: `ixila mdinare raÁme, romelsa Sina aqaÁT ganvidodes cxovarni da gansrulni gardaiqmnebodes mgel~2, vrceli cxovrebis Semdegi adgilis gadakeTebaa: `da romelnime maT kravTaganni Seicvalebodes m[g]elad da SeSWamdes cxovarTa maT...~3 aseve. mxolod vrceli cxovrebidan SeeZlo gamoekriba antons cnobebi grigolis mamis saaugo saqcielis, misi mokvlisa da CCvili grigolis kabadukiaSi gaizvnis Sesaxeb, radgan svinaqsarul cxovrebaSi amis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami: `rameTu moikla ra anakosgan, naTesaviT parTisa, xosroÁ mefe somxeTa, da anak somxeTagan [moikla], Ze anakisi yrmai mcire erTgulTagan monaTa ganitaca, raTa ara warhswymdesca mkulelTagan mamisaTa da samTavrod kabbadukiisa moyvanebuli ganera mZÂnuarebasa mkulelTasa. xolo iyo maSin TvTmpyrobelobiTi skiptrisa pyrobai uRmrToisa deoklitianesi~4. mxolod vrcel cxovrebaSia epizodebi, romelic antons Seutania Tavis TxzulebaSi. esenia: rifsimes, gaianes da maTTan erTad wamebulTa `wmida nawilebis~ dakrZalva grigolis mier; gaqristianebuli Trdat mefis mier kerpebisa da bomonTa dangreva-ganadgureba; grigolis rCeva kabadukiidan mRvdelTa mowvevisa da somexTa samefo karis monaTvlis Sesaxeb; mefisa da mTavrebis xvewna-mudara, rom grigolma miiRos mRdelobiTi xeldasma kabadukiaSi; grigolis ltolva, uflis Cveneba da grigolis damorCileba, misvla kabadukias da leonti mTavarepiskopososagan xeldasxmis miReba, mdinare evfratze Trdat mefisa da samefo karis sazeimo Sexvedra da maTi monaTvla grigoris mier. iseTi epizodebis arseboba antonis TxzulebaSi, rac ar aris svinaqsarulSi, gvavaraudinebs, rom antoni grigolis vrceli cxovrebis qarTuli TargmaniT sargeblobs, radgan somxuri dednis dRes SemorCenil nusxebSi agaTangelosis somexTa moqcevis istoriis dasawyisi nawili aRar Semonaxula. misi berZnuli Targmanis mixedviT gamoTqmulia, varaudi, rom

1 cxorebaÁ... grigol parTelisaÁ, gamoc. l. meliqseT-begis mier, tfilisi, 1920. 2 martirika, gv. 374,16.3 cxorebaÁ... grigol parTelisaÁ, gv. 33,13.4 martirika, gv. 375,8.

422

somxuris dasawyiss didi nawili aklia. miuxedavad Tqmulisa, mainc aris zogierTi gansxvaveba grigolis vcrel cxovrebasa da antonis Txzulebas Soris: antoni grigolis kabadukiidan somxeTSi pirvel mosvlas debs likiniosis mefobaSi: `grigori kabbadukiisa samTavroiT da monarxiiT aziurisa monarxisa likiniosisa samefod somxeTad miivlinebis...~1 maSin, rodesac grigol ganmanaTleblebis vrceli cxovrebis somxur, berZnul, arabul da qarTul versiebSi grigoris moRvaweoba somxeTSi dioklitianes mefobaSi mimdinareobs (rifsime da gaiane iltvian saberZneTidan, radgan diokletianem gadawyvita rifsimes colad SerTva. am dros grigoli somxeTSi ukve mosulia da mRvimeSia Cadgebuli). aq, rogorc Cans, antoni kritikulad moekida wyaroebis Cvenebas da somxeTis gaqristianeba ufro sarwmuno periodSi gadmoitana (likiniozi mefobda 308-325 w). amasTanave antons Sesworebuli aqvs zogierTi sakuTari saxeli: vcrel cxovrebaSi aris: kusar somexTa mefe _ antonis TxzulebaSia `xosroi mefe somexTa~, asevea: Trdat _ trdat, kusaroduxti _ xosroduxti da sxv.

antonis Txzulebis erTi detalis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, aRsaniSnavia avtoris miswrafeba, gamoiyenos Tavisi Txzulebis ZiriTad TemasTan dakavSirebuli yoveli saxis wyaro. oqropiris qadagebis Sesaxeb Cven zemoT vTqviT. aq yuradReba gvinda SevaCeroT grigol ganmanaTleblis antoniseul cxovrebaSi nino qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelis Sesaxeb CaerTul epizodze, romelic `moqcevai qarTlisai~-dan aris aRebuli, rasac TviT antoni uTiTebs, rogorc es mas sCvevia. qarTvelTa moqcevis matianeSi aRniSnulia, rom rifsimesa da gaianesTan erTad ninoc moxvda somxeTSi, magram nino saswaulebriv gadarCa, xolo isini ki awames. somexi istorikosi mose xoreneli Tavisi istoriis meore wignSi aRniSnavs, rom wmida mociqulma nunem (ninom) iqadaga klarjeTiTgan moyolebuli darialanamdis da kaspiis zRviTgan masagetTa sazRvramdis, `viTarca gvauwyebs amas agaTangelosi~2-o. fiqroben, rom agaTangelosis TxzulebaSi albaT Tavdapirvelad marTlac arsebobda aseTi cnoba, magram is amoRebulad miaCniaT qarTuli da somuri eklesiis ganxeTqilebis Semdeg. aseTi redaqcia Semdgom Targmnil iqna berZnulad, arabulad da qarTulad da amitomac am Targmanebsac ar Semounaxavs ninos xsenebis kvali~3. erTi sityviT, antons sakmao safuZveli hqonda Tavis TxzulebaSi Seetana gaianesa da rifsimes epizodTan dakavSirebiT nino ganmanaTleblis epizodic. mas, rogorc somxuris mcidne ganaTlebul filologsa da istorikoss SeiZleba scodnoda mose xorenelis istoriis es adgilic.

1 iqve, gv. 377,8.2 iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli somxuri saistorio mwerloba, tfilisi, 1935, gv. 95.3 iqve.

423

qarTvel wmindanTa da dResaswaulTa

mosaxsenebeli dReebi Zveli qarTuli xelnawerebis

mixedviT∗

qristianuli eklesiis dResaswaulTa kalendars safuZveli Caeyara bizantiur saeklesio mwerlobaSi RvTismsaxurebis Camoyalibebis safuZvelze. qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebis rituali ganviTarebis uadres etapze, romelsac „mociqulTa periodsac“ uwodeben,1 uaRresad martivi iyo da oTxi ZiriTadi elementisgan Sedgeboda: locva, galoba, saRmrTo werilis kiTxva da qadageba, romelTa arsebobis kvali am periodSi kargad Cans pavle mociqulis epistoleTa mixedviT.2 „mociqulTa saukuneSi“ safuZveli Caeyara ara marto yoveldRiur RvTismsaxurebas, aramed qristianul saeklesio welsac. Tavdapirvelad erTi dRis RvTismsaxureba TiTqmis ar gansxvavdeboda meore dRisagan,magram Semdeg Svideulis zogierTma dRem, gansakuTrebiT ki kviram, is prioriteti moipova, rom masTan dakavSirebuli iqna qristes cxovrebis garkveuli momenti, upirveles yovlisa, aRdgoma. aman xeli Seuwyo kvira dRis gamoyofas sxva ubralo dReebisagan da mis gansakuTrebul aRniSvnas, ramac safuZveli Cauyara qristianul saeklesio wels.

droTa ganmavlobaSi momravlda saeklesio–istoriul movlenebTan dakavSirebuli dReebi, romlebmac gaamdidres saeklesio dResaswaulTa arsenali. saxarebasTan dakavSirebul dReebs (II saukune) Seemata qristianul sarwmunoebisaTvis wamebulTa „dabadebis“ dReebi (dabadebis dRed iwodeboda maTi mowameobrivi aRsrulebis dRe), male (III sauk.) dResaswaulTa rigs miemata eklesiis mamaTa gardacvalebis xsenebebic,3 romlebic iwodeboda „xseneba“ an „micvaleba“ (wmindanTa aRsasrulis mixedviT) gansxvavebiT mowameTa xsenebis dReebisagan - „wameba“ an „martviloba“.

ufro gvian qristianTa devnis Sewyvetasa da mowameTa ricxvis SemcirebasTan erTad gamoCndnen axali moRvaweebi meudabnoe ber-monazonTa saxiT, romelTa gansacvifrebelma saqmeebma bevri maTganis sikvdilisTanave uzrunvelyo maT wmindanTa rigebSi Caricxva. amasTanave Zveli aRTqmis wmindanTa „nawilebis“ mikvlevam da maT mier Cadenilma saswaulebma gamoiwvia maTi Rvawlis mogoneba da maTTvis xsenebis dRis daweseba. amrigad, qristianuli eklesiis dResaswaulebi mravalferovan masalas iZendnen da maTi ricxvi TandaTanobiT izrdeboda adgilobrivi qristianuli dResaswaulebisa da istoriuli movlenebis gavleniT.

* daibeWda: mravalTavi XIX, Tbilisi, 2001, gv. 96-109.1 I saukune; М. Скабаланович, Талковый типикон, Киев, 1910, вын. 1, с. 32 timoTes mimarT. 1, 2; efeselTa mimarT 5,19; kolaselTa mimarT, 3,16; TesalonikelTa mimarT1,5,27; ebraelTa mimarT, 13,7.3 ix. karTagenis episkoposis kviprianes (+258w.) epistole Tavissamyarosadmi - Сергий, Полный Месячеслов Востока, т. I владимир, 1910, с,9.

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uZvelesi qristianul saeklesio praqtikaSi saeklesio dResaswaulebi ideboda Svideulis dReebze, e.i. warmoadgendnen moZrav dResaswaulebs, mogvianebiT dResaswaulebi ZiriTadad TveTa Sesabamis ricxvebSi aRiniSneboda da aseTi praqtika sabolood damkvidrda.

qarTvel wmindanTa da sxva qristianuli nacionaluri warmoSobis uZvelesi dResaswaulebis dawyebis Sesaxeb qarTulma istoriulma wyaroebma raodenobiT arc Tu bevri, magram mniSvnelovani cnobebi Semogvinaxes. am cnobaTa mixedviT Cans, rom qristianuli dResaswaulebi da wmindanTa xsenebebi, V-VI saukuneebSi Svideulis moZrav dReebze ideboda, radgan am dros jer kidev ar iyo saqarTveloSi Semosuli romauli uZravi weli da dResaswaulebis TveTa garkveul dReebze dadebis saeklesio praqtika. mag. SuSanikis xseneba misi gardacvalebisTanave daido xuTSabaTs: „da dRe xuTSabaTi iyo, romelsa ganvaweseT saxsenebeli wmidisa SuSanikisi“.1 mirian mefis dros „daaweses dResaswauli ZleviT Semos-lvisa juarisaÁ aRvsebisa zatikisa zatiksa, dResa kÂriakesa“2. „kÂriakesa mesamesa zatikTa... mcxeTisa juarisaÁ“.3 „pirvelsa xuTSabaTsa Semdgomad amaRlebisa... dodo garejelisa“4 an „aRusebiTgan meSvidesa oTxSabaTsa xsenebaÁ R.m.C. dodosi, romeli iyofeboda mTasa garejisasa, romelsa ewodebis dodorqa.5 „pirvelsa xuTSabaTsa Semdgomad amaRlebisa daviT garejelisa“,6 an „aRusebiTgan meSvidesa xuTSabaTsa xseneba R.m.C. daviT garejelisa“.7 „yvelierisa xuTSabaTsa... edResaswaulobT nawilTa aRmoyvanebasa R.m.C. qarTvelTa mnaTobisa SioÁsa“.8 „g. zatiksa, dResa SabaTsa... wmidisa ninoÁsi“.9 an xorcielsa paraskevsa... wm. ninoÁsi10

da sxv.dasaxelebuli wmindanebidan qristianuli dResaswaulebi VI saukuneze

gviandeli ar aris da maTi dResaswaulTa dawesebac V-VII saukuneebSi aris savaraudebeli. es garemoeba gvafiqrebinebs, rom V-VII ss. wmindanTa xsenebebi am droisaTvis qarTuli eklesia jer kidev ar icnobs da ar iyenebs romauli uZravi wlis kalendars, romlis qarTul eklesiaSi damkvidreba VII s. bolo ZiriTadad ki VIII saukunidan aris savaraudebeli. saerTod, cnobilia, rom marxvis ciklis dReebze dadebuli dResaswaulebi ufro arqaulia, vidre TveTa dReebze ganwesebuli dResaswaulebi.11 amas adasturebs Tundac is faqti, rom Svideulis dReebze dadebuli zogi dResaswauli romauli kalendris qarTul

1 martvilobaÁ SuSanikisi, il. abulaZisgamocema, 1938, gv. 46.2 Н. Жордания, Описание, т.II, стр. 795.3 ioane zosimes kalendari, e. kekeliZis gamocema, etiudebi, V, gv. 279.4 `saqarTvelos samoTxe~, gv. 292.5 S - 1464, gv. 3736 saq. samoTxe, gv. 2657 S - 1464, gv. 3738 A - 1229 parizis leqcionari, pariz. nac. biblioT. #3 301 v.10 sin - 5, 28v11 И. Мансветов, Церковняй Устав, М., 1885, с 45;51.

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eklesiaSi damkvidrebis Semdeg gadatanil iqna TveTa garkveul dReebze (SuSaniki, wm. nino). zogs, marTalia, SemorCa arqauli xsenebis dRe, magram paralelurad Tavis Sesabamisi dRec gauCndaT (Sio mRvimeli, daviT garejeli, dodo garejeli, mcxeTis jvris dResaswauli – da sxv.).

qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT dadasturebulia, rom VIII saukunidan qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebi romauli kalendris mixedviT wesdeba. mag. abo tfilelis xseneba gardacvalebisTanave daaweses naTlisRebis meore dRes, e.i. 7 ianvars, serapion zarzmelisa – 29 oqtombers: „xolo ganvaweseT saxsenebeli wmidisa amis galobiTa da SesxmiTa sulieriTa da Ramis TeviTa dResaswaulobiTa okdonbersa ocdacxrasa“.1 xsenebaTa romaul kalendarul sistemaze gadasvla qarTul sinamdvileSi VII saukunidan unda dawyebuliyo, Tumca amis dasturi Zveli wyaroebis simciris gamo ar gvaqvs. unda SevniSnoT, rom rodesac Cven vambobT „qarTveli wmindanebi“, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ara maTi erovneba, aramed is, rom isini wmindanebad aRiarebulni arian qarTuli eklesiis mier. erovnebis mixedviT am wmindanTa nawili qarTvelebi ar iyvnen.

qarTveli wmindanebis xsenebis dReTa SemoReba saqarTveloSi unda dawyebuliyo qristianobis gavrcelebidan sakmao drois Semdeg, kerZod, mis Semdeg, rac Camoyalibdeboda garkveuli saeklesio praqtika da Seiqmneboda Tu iTargmneboda qarTulad ZiriTadi saeklesio literatura da maT Soris qristianuli eklesiis wmindanebis xsenebaTa Semcveli bizantiuri Zeglebi. swored berZnulidan naTargmn wmindanTa xsenebisSemcvel Zegleb–kalendrebSi SeeZloT qarTuli eklesiis mesveurebs SeetanaT adgilobrivi, qarTuli eklesiis saeklesio dResaswaulisa da wmindanTa xsenebani, im moxsenebul wmindanTa gverdiT. es praqtika bolomde ucvleli darCa da Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis raime damoukidebeli kalendari arasdros arsebulia, maTi xsenebebi yovelTvis Setanilia berZnuli enidan naTargmn ZeglebSi, romlebSic ZiriTadi adgili uWiravs bizantiuri (ufro naklebad sxva eklesiebis) eklesiis wmindanTa xsenebebsa da dResaswaulTa gangebebs, aseTebia: „ganCinebani“ anu „leqcionarebi“, svinaqsarebi da kalendrebi, iadgarebi da Tvenebi, sadResaswauloebi da sxv.

miuxedavad qarTveli wmindanebis xsenebis dReTa simcirisa dasaxelebul ZeglebSi sxva wmindanTa xsenebis dReebTan SedarebiT, aRsaniSnavia erTidaimave qarTveli wmindanis sxvadasxva dReebSi moxseniebis SemTxvevebi sxavadasxva droisa da xasiaTis ZeglebSi. umetes SemTxvevaSi am mizezis axsna ar xerxdeba. amitom Cven ZiriTadad SevecdebiT vaCvenoT qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebi Cvenamde moRweul ZiriTad qarTul–liturgikul ZeglebSi da SesaZleblobis farglebSi komentari gavukeToT zogierT mniSvnelovan faqts.

Cvenmade moRweuli uZvelesi „leqcionari“ aris „ierusalimis ganCinebis“ saxeliT cnobili Zegli (uZvelesi xanmeti leqcionaris mxolod fragmentebiT

1 Zeglebi, I, gv. 346

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SemorCenili, isic palimfsestebis saxiT), romelic, rogorc k. kekeliZe varaudobs, VII saukunis berZnuli dednidan unda iyos Targmnili, Tumca misi qarTuli nusxa IX saukunisaa (latalis xelnaweri). dasaxelebul ZeglSi qarTuli eklesiis ramdenime dResaswaulia aRniSnuli: „TTuesa dekenbersa ia (II) xsenebai yovelTa wmidanTa romelni qarTls ewamnes“. „TTuesa okdonbersa iz (17) xsenebaÁ kozmanis, romel qarTls ewama (!)“.

pirveli xseneba mogvianebiT meordeba ioane–zosimes X s. kalendarSi, xolo Semdeg arcerT qarTul wyaroSi aRar Cans (Setanilia mxolod Tanamedrove saeklesio kalendarSi 11/XII e.i. imave dRes).

„pama qarTvel kaTalikosis“ Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos, rom „pama“ damaxinjebuli formaa „mamaÁ“–s, rogorc irkveva ioane–zosimes kalendris mixedviT, sadac amave dros e.i. 3 maiss dadebulia xseneba „mama qarTlisa kaTalikosisa“. fiqroben, rom „mamÁ~ SeiZleba iyos VIII s. zedazenis monastris yofili moZRvari mamaÁ1, ierusalimis ganCinebis“ mesame qarTuli dResaswaulis Sesaxeb unda iTqvas, rom Cven unda gvqondes 17 oqtombris dRis xsenebis arasruli teqsti, rogorc es ioane zosimes kalendris amave dRis xsenebidan Cans: kozmanTan erTad unda gvqonoda damianesa da SuSanikis xsenebac, rogorc es il. abulaZem ivarauda2. ioane–zosimes kalendarSi sruli teqsti 17 oqtombris dRis xsenebisa aseTia: „xseneba kozmanisa da damianesi martvilTaÁ da SuSanikisi, romeli qarTls iwama“.3 amrigad, SuSanikis xsenebis jerjerobiT uZvelesi SemTxveva unda gvqo-noda „ierusalimis ganCinebaSi“.

Cvenamde moRweul ZeglTagan Wil–etratis iadgari (H-2123 IXs.) uZvelesia, romelmac Semogvinaxa abo tfilelis pirveli xseneba da sagalobeli 7 ianvars. ra Tqma unda, Cven mxedvelobaSi ar viRebT abos wamebis teqstebs, romlebic Sesulia IX-X ss. „mravalTavebSi“. amasTanave aRsaniSnavia isic, rom am ZeglSi sxva qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebani ar gvxvdeba.

ioane–zosimes kalendari, romelic Sesulia X s. krebulSi Sin. 34 iv. javaxiSvilis aRwerilobiT, zemodasaxelebul ZeglebTan SedarebiT qarTvel wmindanTa met xsenebebsa da qarTul dResaswaulebs Seicavs. garda „ierusalimis ganCinebaSi“ dasaxelebuli xsenebebisa, romlebic meordebian ioane–zosimes kalendarSi, rogorc es ukve iyo aRniSnuli („ierusalimis ganCineba“ ioane–zosimes kalendris erT–erTi wyaroa), igi damatebiT Seicavs:

„TTuesa ianvarsa z (7) aboÁsi“. „id (14) ... ninoÁsi...“, „ie (15)... arCilisi qarTvelisa mowamisaÁ“, „TTuesa maissa k (20) patiosnisa juarisa manglisisaÁ“... „mcxeTisa juarisa kviriakesa mesamesa zatikTa“.

aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom ioane–zosimes kalendarSi Setanil samoel episkoposis xseneba 24 Tebervals zogierT mkvlevars samoel qarTlis kaTalikosis xseneba hgonia.

1 T. jordania, qronikebi. I, gv.74.2 SuSanikis wameba, gv. 33.3 k.kekeliZe, etiudebi, V gv. 274.

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uZvelesi qarTuli „iadgrebi“ da e.w. „TTuenebis“ pirveli redaqciebi, romlebic berZnulidanaa Targmnili, axal xsenebas ar Seicaven, xolo Zveli xsenebebidan mxolod wm. ninosa (14 ianvars) da abo tfilelis (7 ianvars) xsenebis dReebia.

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia „ierusalimis ganCinebis“ SedarebiT gviandeli (XI-XII ss.) qarTuli nusxa, romelic samecniero wreebSi „parizis leqcionari“–s saxeliTaa cnobili (parz. nac. bibl. #3 xelnaweri). ZiriTad teqstSi mxolod abos xsenebaa Setanili 7 ianvars, xolo xelnaweris bolo (301 gv) CamoTvlilia Semdegi qarTveli wmindanebis xsenebis dReebi: „SuSanikisa 17 oqtombers, wm. ninosi mesame zatiksa, dResa SabaTsa“, arCilisi _ 8 ianvars. dasaxelebul wmindanTaseneba zemoganxilul ZeglebSic gvqonda, magram aq, rogorc vxedavT, ninosa da arCils xsenebis sxva dReebi aqvT. am xelnawerSi pirvelad vxvdebiT wm. raJdenis (25 ivniss) abibos nekreselis (6 ivliss) da evstaTi mcxeTelis (20 dekembers) xsenebis dReebs. aqvea qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi jerjerobiT ucnobi qarTveli wmindanebis xsenebac: wm. mebkambe (16 agvistos), wm. sarmiane (kaTalikosi, 21 agvistos), wmidaTa marTalTa wmidisa qristes saflavisani: ioane, stefane da isaia (4 noembers). es ukanaskneli Goussen–s (gv. 40)1 spondonTa monasteris (ierusalimSi) qarTveli berebi hgonia.

ganxiluli Zeglebi ZiriTadad palestinuri warmoSobisa arian da Seicaven qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebis mcire raodenobas. rogorc vnaxeT, es Zeglebi xSirad sxvaoben erTmaneTisagan ara marto aq warmodgenili qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebis raodenobiT, aramed erTi da imave wmindanTa xsenebis dReebiTac.

rom SevajamoT am periodis (VII-X ss.) Zeglebis Cvenebani, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom saqarTvelos eklesia drois am monakveTSi ZiriTadad dakavSirebuli iyo aRmosavleTis qristianul samyarosTan, kerZod, emyareboda palestina–sinas mTis qristianul–saeklesio tradiciebs, rac Seexeba dasaxelebuli qarTveli wmindanebis kultis Camoyalibebas sazRvargareTis aRniSnul mwignobrul kerebSi, is unda davukavSiroT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis saeklesio tradiciebis aq danergvas. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebis sxvaobac aixsneba sakiTxSi. mag. arCilis xsenebis dRe 15 ianvars (iovane–zosimes kalendari) saqarTvelos romelime kuTxis eklesiis tradiciis asaxavs, xolo misive xsenebiT 8 ianvars (parizis leqcionari) ki meorisas. aqve unda gaviTvaliswinoT sazRvargareTis kerebis saeklesio tradiciebic, gansakuTrebiT iq moRvawe qarTvel ber–monazonTa xsenebis mimarT. CvenTvis ucnobi „wmindanni marTalni wm. qristes saflavisani: ioane, stefane da isaia“ (4 noembers), rogorc aRvniSneT, ierusalimSi moRvawe qarTveli berebi unda iyvnen.

adgilobriv saeklesio tradiciebs kalendris SevsebaSi rom didi mniSvneloba hqondaT, es kargad Cans aTonis mTis qarTuli monastris magaliTzec. swored aTonis mTaze Camoyalibda qarTuli eklesiis dasavlofiluri orientacia, ramac

1 H. Goussen, 8ie Festordnung and Heiligen Kalender das altchristlichen Ierusalems.

428

didi gavlena iqonia qarTul kulturaze.aRniSnuli tradicia kargad Cans giorgi mTawmidelis mier Targmnili ori

Zeglis – „didi svinaqsrisa“ da „Tuenis“ mixedviTac. pirvel maTganSi qarTvel wmindanTagan mxolod efTvime mTawmidelis (13 maiss), ioane aTonelis (14 ivliss) da ilarion qarTvelis (19 noembers) xsenebebia. zemoaRniSnuli palestinuri warmoSobis liturgikul ZeglebSi dadasturebul qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebi da dResaswaulebi aq aRar gvxvdeba. ufro mogvianebiT naTargmn „TuenSi“ giorgi mTawmidelma ki aseTi „Sesworeba“ gaakeTa: „didi svinaqsris“ xsenebaTagan „TuenSi“ aRar Seitana ioane aTonelis xseneba, xolo daumata iadgarebidan wm. ninos xsenebis dRe (14 ianvars) da sagalobeli. meore mxriv, aRar gadmoitana iadgarebidan abo Tbilelis xseneba 7 ianvars. amrigad, giorgi mTawmidelma „didi svinaqsari“ Targmnisas angariSi gauwia aTonis qarTuli monastris tradiciebsa da amis safuZvelze Seitana aTonis qarTvelTa monastris winaSe didi damsaxurebis wmindanTa xsenebebi (ioane da efTvime sxva damsaxurebaTan erTad am monastris maSeneblebic arian). xolo rac Seexeba ilarion qarTvelis xsenebas, misi Setana „did svinaqsarSi“ ganapiroba erTi mxriv, misma damsaxurebam qarTuli da bizantiuri kulturis winaSe, meore mxriv, im garemoebebma, rom misi cxovrebis qarTuli varianti pirvelad aTonis mTaze Seiqmna. „TTuenSi“ giorgi mTawmindelis mier cvlilebebis Setana ganapiroba, rogorc Cans, im garemoebam, rom man gadawyvita iseTi qarTuli wmindanebis xsenebaTa Setana, romlebsac msoflio qristianul eklesiisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqondaT (efTvime mTawmideli da ilarion qarTveli aRiarebulni iyvnen konstantinepolis eklesiis mier, xolo wm. nino qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli iyo). sxvagvarad Zneli asaxsnelia „TTuenSi“ ioane aTonelisa da abo tfilelis mouxseniebloba, agreTve Zvel ZeglebSi moxseniebul qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebebis ugulebelyofa.

adgilobrivi eklesiis tradiciebis kalendarze gavlenis kargi magaliTia „didi svinaqsris“ zogierTi nusxebi, romlebic sazRvargareTis sxvadasxva samwignobro kerebSi Tu saqarTvelos garkveul kuTxeSi arian gadawerili. jvaris qarTul monasterSi XI s. II naxevarSi gadawerili nusxa Seicavs damatebiT erTaderT qarTveli moRvawis xsenebas: 12 Tebervals, teqstSi awerilia ierusalimSi jvris qarTuli monastris maSeneblisa da pirveli winamZRvris proxore qarTvelis xseneba. aseve Tu gaviTvaliswinebT wm. ninos xsenebis tradiciebs – ierusalimSi da sinas mTaze Sedgenil iadgrebSi da sxva ZeglebSi 14 ianvars, maSin aRar gagvikvirdeba, rom „did svinaqsarSi“ ninos xsenebis pirveli SemTxveva dakavSirebulia XI s. im nusxasTan, romelic sinas mTaze gadaiwera (Sin-4). magram sakvirvelia erTi faqti: arc sinas mTaze da arc ierusalimSi gadawerili „didi svinaqsaris“ nusxebSi aRar gvxvdeba aqauri warmoSobis ZeglebSi dadasturebuli qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis SemTxvevebi arc ZiriTad teqstSi Setanili da arc aSiebze miwerili Zeglis ZiriTadi xeliT.

yovelive zemoTqmuli exeboda sazRvargareTis qarTul mwignobrul kerebSi Seqmnil Zeglebs.

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saqarTveloSi gadaweril liturgikuli Zeglebidan qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis kalendrisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs „didi svinaqsris“ im nusxas, romelic klarjeTSia gadawerili XI s. bolos (A-97). am Zeglis ZiriTadi teqsti im qarTvel moRvaweTa xsenebebs Seicavs, romelTac aTonis mTis nusxebi (ilarion qarTvelis xsenebis gamoklebiT), magram aSiebze teqstis xeliT gakeTebuli minawerebSi mravladaa qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebic:

TTuesa otombersa e (5)... wm. m. C. grigol xanZTelisaÁ.TTuesa noenbersa i (10)... amasve dResa wm. mowamisa kostanti kaxisaÁ. ese iyo

qarTveli aznauri, didebuli da iwama sarkinozTa mier sparseTs“.TTuesa noenbersa ib (12)... amasve dResa wm. mRdelmowamisa abibos nekreseli

episkoposisa, romeli iwama cecxlismsaxurTa mier qarTls“.TTuesa ianvars g (3)... amasve dResa gardaicvala sulkurTeuli

mTavarepiskoposi ioane Wyondideli.TTuesa ianvarsa z (7)... amasve dResa wmidisa mowamisa aboisi, romeli iwama

tfiliss sarkniozTagan“.TTuesa Tebervalsa ia (12)... amasve dResa wm. mowameTa cxraTa yrmaTa

kolaelTa“.TTuesa aprilsa ie (15)... amasve dResa wm. mowameTa mesukaevelTa suquaÁsi

moyuasTa misTa“.TTuesa maissa i (17)... amasve dResa mowameTa ZmaTa daviT da tiriWanisi,

romelni iyvnen somxiTiT da iwames taos“.TTuesa maissa iT (19)... amasve dResa netarisa iodasaf hindoTa mefisa“.TTuesa ivnissa kT (29)... amasve dResa miicvala netari mamaÁ Cueni giorgi

mTawmideli, Targmani amis wignisa da sxuaTa, kostantinepolis da mowafeTa misTa wariyvanes mTawmidas“.

TTuesa agvistos g (3)... amasve dResa wm. mowamisa raJdenisi, romeli iyo sarkinozi da iqmna qristiane da iwama qarTlis cecxlismsaxurTa mier sofels wroms“.

TTuesa ka (21)... amasve dResa wmidisa mowamisa SuSanikisi, romeli iwama qarTls qmrisa misisa varsqenisagan“.

aseve aSiaze minawerebis saxiT, magram ZiriTadi teqstTan SedarebiT gvianeli xeliT ori xseneba dasturdeba amave ZeglSi:

TTuesa ianvarsa id(14) ... amasvedResa wminda da qarTvelT ganmanaTlebelsa dedisa Cuenisa ninoÁsi~

TTuesa maissa a (1)... amasve dResa wmidisa netarisa Tamar dedoflisa.rogorc vxedavT, XI s. am minawerebSi dadasturebulia Svidi iseTi xseneba,

romlebic arcerT adrindel ZeglSi ar Segvxvedria (grigol xanZTeli, kostanti, ioane Wyondideli, cxra Zma kolaelni, daviT da tiriWani, giorgi mTawmideli). rac Seexeba Tamar dedoflis xsenebas, is ra Tqma unda, ZiriTadi teqstis droindeli arc SeiZleba iyos da albaT Caiwera misi gardacvalebis Semdeg XIII saukuneSi. magram ratom aris mxolod gviandeli xeliT ninos xseneba, gaugebaria.

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miT umetes, rom mis xsenebas 14 ianvars sakmaod Zveli tradiciebi hqonda.amave ZeglSi gvaqvs oTxi iseTi xseneba, romlebic e.w. „parizis

leqcionariTac“ aris cnobili, magram maTi xsenebis dReebi gansxvavebulia: abibos nekreseli xseneba „parizis leqcionarSi“ dadebulia 6 ivliss, xolo „didi svinaqsris“ klarjuli nusxis (A-97) minawerebSi 12 noembers. aseve evstaTi mcxeTelis xseneba Sesabamisad 20 dekemberi da 29 ivlisi. SuSanikisa – 17 oqtombers da 21 agvistos, raJdenisa – 21 ivniss da 3 agvistos. mxolod abos xseneba meordeba Cvens ZeglSi ucvlelad.

calke unda SevniSnoT iodasafis xsenebis Sesaxeb: misi xseneba 19 maiss pirvelad giorgi mTawmidelma Seitana „TuenSi“ da Cvens ZeglSic meordeba imave dRes. misi xseneba da dResaswaulis damkvidreba qarTul saeklesio RvTismsaxurebaSi, albaT, efTvime mTawmindlis mier qarTulad Targmnilma Tu gadmokeTebulma „varlaam da iodasafis cxovrebam“ ganapiroba.

zemodamowmebul wmindanTa xsenebis gansxvavebuli dReebi Cveni Zeglisa (A-97) da „parizis leqcionarSi“, Cveni azriT, Cvens mier aRniSnuli mizezebiT unda aixsnas: es gansxvavebani am ZeglebSi sxvadasxva wyaros gamoyenebaze miuTiTebs da erTxel kidev adasturebs im azrs, rom zogjer sxvadasxva kuTxis qarTuli eklesia erTi da imave wmindanis xsenebis sakiTxSi gansxvavebul tradicias emyareba. amis magaliTad gamodgeba SuSanikis xsenebis dRe uZvelesi liturgikuli Zeglebisa ierusalimis „ganCineba“, „ioane–zosimes kalendari“ da sxv. da TviT „SuSanikis wamebis“ teqstiTac (marTalia, Cvenamde moRweuli SuSanikis wamebis X s. teqsti A-95 bolo naklulia da es nawili, romelSic laparakia misi xsenebis dRed 17 oqtomberis dawesebis Sesaxeb, XIII saukunisaa) SuSanikis xsenebis dRed 17 oqtomberia dasaxelebuli. moulodnelia misi xsenebis dRed 21 agvistos dasaxeleba, rogorc es gvaqvs A-97–is XI s. zemomotanil minawerSi. magram yvelaferi naTeli gaxdeba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 21 agvistos SuSanikis xsenebis dRed asaxelebs SuSanikis wamebis mokle redaqcia, romelic Targmnilia somxuridan tao–klarjeTSi X s. (aTonis xelnaweri #8 bleikis aRwerilobiT). etyoba, samxreT saqarTvelos eklesiebSi 21 agvisto xsenebis dRed damkvidrda somxuri wyaroebis gavleniT. e.i. aq SemuSavda SuSanikis xsenebis dRis adgilobrivi, Zveli wyaroebisagan damoukidebeli praqtika.

SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom „didi svinaqsris“ klarjuli nusxis (A-97-XI s.) aSiaze miwerili qarTuli eklesiis wmindanTa xsenebebi gaxda ZiriTadad magaliTi maSindeli ZeglebisaTvis da am ZeglebSi qarTveli wmindanebis xsenebaTa dReebis momravlebis ZiriTadi safuZveli. XII-XVII ss. sxvadasxva xasiaTis liturgikuli Zeglebis minawerebSi Tu ZiriTad teqstebSi metnaklebi sisrÁuliT meordeba A-97 xalnewarSi dadasturebuli xsenebani (zogjer gansxvavebul dReebSi), xolo zogjer ki axali, manamde ucnobi xsenebebic Cndeba. Cven davasaxelebT mxolod iseT Zeglebs, romlebSic dasturdeba ama Tu im wmindanis xsenebis dRe pirvelad, anda iseTebs, romlebic Zvel ZeglebTan SedarebiT gansxvavebul dRes gviCveneben. umetes xsenebis dReebs, romlebic ucvlelad meordebian Zvelsa da mogviano

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xanis ZeglebSi (mag. ufTvime mTawmideli, wm. nino, abo tfileli, ioane aToneli da sxv.) aRar aRvniSnavT.

XII s. Sio mRvimis monastris tipikonSi (H-1349) pirveladaa Setanili (damatebiT Tavfurcelze) Sio mRvimelis xseneba da svinaqsaruli cxovreba „yvelieris xuTSabaTs“, xolo 9 maiss (XII–XIII ss.) XIV s. xeliT minawerSi, Tavis mowafe evagre cixedidelTan erTad. XIII s. arseni bulmaisimisZis sagalobeliT (A-85) pirvelad dasturdeba anton martomyofelis xseneba martyofis xatis dResaswaulTan dakavSirebiT 16 agvistos, Tumca teqstSi naTqvamia, rom „vinaÁTgan Rirsisa antonis micvalebaca aTCvidmetsave ianvars iqmna dResa didisa antoni megviptelisasa, amisTvis maSinca vgalobT da vityviT“.

XIII-XIV ss. „didi svinaqsris“ nusxaSi, romelic TiTlis monastrisaa (awyuris maxloblad) da daculia parizis nac. bibl. 4 (Zveli fondiT – 3) xelnawerSi. pirvelad gvxvdeba daviT da konstantines xseneba da svinaqsaruli cxovreba 31 oqtombers.

XIII-XIV ss. xeliT aris miwerili ierusalimis #24 „didi svinaqsris“ (XI s.) aSiaze salome qarTvelis xseneba 20 ivliss, romelic uwamebiaT sparseTs. es xseneba sxvagan aRar meordeba. amave xelnawerSi sxvadasxva adgilas CakinZulia XIV s. dasawyisis xeliT dawerili ori furceli, romlebic Seicaven luka ierusalimelisa – 27 ivliss da nikoloz dvalis – 19 oqtombers – xsenebebs da svinaqsarul cxovrebebs, orive ierusalimis jvaris qarTuli monastris moRvawea. maTi xsenebebi sxva xelnawerebSi aRar gvxvdeba,

ierusalimis #80 xelnaweris (XII-XIII ss.) „didi svinaqsris“ nusxis aSiaze miwerilia XIV s. xeliT „TTuesa maissa g (3)... xseneba wmidaTa mamaTa CuenTa miqael da arsenisi, romelTa aRaSenes ulumbia da ierusalimiT miiRes mcxeTis mihronis kurTxevaÁ brZanebiTa krebisaÁTa da sergi ierusalimelisa patriarqisaÁTa da antioqelisaÁTa“. es xsenebac sxvagan aRar gvxvdeba. amave xelnawerSi isev aSiaze XIV s. xeliT 7 maiss pirvelad gvxvdeba xseneba „iovane zedaznelisa da ib (12) mowafeTa misTa“, xolo XVI saukunis xeliT 16 agvistos „wameba wm. qristeforesi. ese iyo queyaniT guriiT, movida ierusalims da iRuawa i weli iordans wm. ormeocTa mravalTa moRvawebiTa da warvida damuxSs da qadaga qriste da iwama da Tavi warekueTa~.

XVI s. xelnawerSi (Q-661) pirvelad da ukanasknelad gvxvdeba aTonis qarTvelTa monastris erT–erTi maSeneblis ioane–Tornikes xseneba „id (14) dekenbersa... micvaleba ioane–Tornikisa“.

petre qarTvelis erTi yvelaze adrindeli xseneba „didi svinaqsris“ (A-193, XI s.) erT–erTi nusxiT aSiaze miwerilia ZiriTad teqstTan SedarebiT gviandeli xeliT 2 dekembers, agreTve Setanilia XVI s. (Q-661) xelnawerSi aseve 2 dekembers:

micvaleba petre qarTvelisaÁ, romel iyo Ze varaz–bakurisa.qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebis yvelaze met raodenobas Seicaven

XVII saukunis, gansakuTrebiT ki XVIII s. liturgikuli Zeglebi. es gasagebicaa, radgan droTa ganmavlobaSi qarTul wmindanTa ricxvi izrdeboda da maTi Rvawli

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Sesabamisad aisaxeboda saeklesio wignebSi. magram meore mizezic mniSvnelovania: XVII s. bolos da XVIII saukunis dasawyisidan eklesiis mesveurebma gansakuTrebuli interesi gamoiCines eklesiis wmindanTa dResaswaulebis mimarT. daiwyo nacionalur wmindanTa hagiografiuli da himnografiuli krebulebis Sedgena. cdilobdnen ar daetovebianT xsenebis dRis gareSe arcerTi Zveli Tu axali qarTveli wmindani. am periodSi Catarda saeklesio reformebi, romlebic wmindanTa xsenebis dRis ganwesebis, Tu erTi dRidan meoreze gadatanis sakiTxebsac Seexnen. Tu Cven danamdvilebiT viciT, rom XVIII s. 60–ian wlebSi anton I kaTalikosma Caatara msgavsi reforma da ramdenime dResaswauls dro Seucvala, amas ver vityviT mis wina periodze, romlis Sesaxeb aseTive utyuari cnobebi ar gvaqvs, magram zogierTi wmindanis xsenebis dReebis sxvadasxvaoba Cven gvaZlevs safuZvels vTqvaT, rom XVII-XVIII ss. qarTul eklesiaSi antonamdec CautarebiaT aseTi cvlilebebi wmindanTan xsenebis dReTa gadanacvlebis mizniT da, rogorc Cans, ramdenimejer, am sakiTxebs Cven uSualod XVII-XVIII ss. liturgikul Zeglebis ganxilvisas SevexebiT, XVII-XVIII ss. litergikuli Zeglebidan, romelTa ricxvi didia, Cven ganvixilavT, ase vTqvaT, saetapo mniSvnelobis Zeglebs.

sanam XVII-XVIII ss. Zeglebs SevexebodeT, erTi SeniSvna unda gavakeToT adreuli qarTveli wmindanebis xsenebis dReebTan dakavSirebiT, rasac kavSiri aqvs Cvens mier zemoT warmodgenil sakiTxebTan: rodesac Cven romelime qarTveli wmindanis xsenebis dReze vlaparakobT, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs iseTi liturgikuli Zegli, romelSic kalendris formiT CamoTvlilia wmindanTa xsenebis dReebi da ar vexebiT ama Tu im wmindanis Sesaxeb Seqmnil damoukidebel „cxovrebebs“ an „wamebebs“. mag. kargad aris cnobili wm. gobronis martviloba. cxadia, gobronis sapativcemulo saeklesio dResaswauli dawesdeboda X s. dasawyisSive, magram, rodesac Cven veZiebT am mowamis xsenebas liturgikul ZeglebSi, aRvniSnavT, rom misi xseneba ar gvxvdeba XVII saukunemde (centr. arq. #448 – XVII s. Jam–gulani), aseve sxva qarTvel wmindanTa Sesaxebac.

Zvel ZeglebTan SedarebiT XVII-XVIII ss. liturgikuli Txzulebebi gamoirCevian ara marto qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis siuxviT, aramed am moRvaweTa xsenebis dReTa siWreliTac. amasTanave, am saukuneebis ZeglebSi ugulvebelyofilia zogierT adreul liturgikul ZeglSi Setanili qarTuli eklesiis wmindanTa xsenebebic, miuxedavad imisa, rom rogorc vTqviT, XVII-XVIII ss. Zeglebs yvela qarTveli moRvawis xsenebis dReebis dadgenis survili da pretenzia aqvT. aseTebia: „xseneba yovelTa wmidaTa, romelni qarTls ewamnes“ (11 dekembers), „mama qarTlis episkoposisa“ (3 maiss), „patiosanTa juarisa manglisisa“ (20 maiss), „samoel episkoposisa“ (24 Tebervals, Tuki es samoeli qarTlis kaTalikosia), „wmidisa mebkamesi~ (16 agvistos), `wm. sarmianesi (kaTalikosi 21 agvistos), „wmidaTa marTalTa qristes saflavisani: ioane, stefane da isaia (4 noembers, Tuki isini qarTvelebia), proxore qarTvelisa (12 Tebervals), ioane Wyondidelisa (3 ianvars), Tamar dedoflisa (1 maiss), salome qarTvelisa (20

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ivliss), luka ierusalimelisa (27 ivniss), nikoloz dvalisa (19 oqtombers), „xseneba miqael da arsenisi“... (3 maiss), ioane–Tornikisa (14 dekembers) da sxv.

samagierod Cndebian adreuli xanis iseT mowameTa xsenebis dReebi, romelTac ver SexvdebiT vercerT adrindel liturgikul krebulebSi. aseTebia: ise wilknelisa (18 agvistos da 2 dekembers), ioseb alaverdelisa (15 seqtembers), arseni didisa (8 maiss), neofite urbnelsa (21 noembers), daviT aRmaSeneblisa (25 da 26 ianvars), Salva Toris Tavadisa da wmidaTa mowameTa aTTa bevrTa... (29 seqtembers), isaak da iosebisa (15 seqtembers). Cndeba axali dResaswaulebi da wmidaTa xsenebis axali dReebi: „mociqulTa sworisa ninosi. amas dResa saswaulsa vdResaswaulobT qarTvelni ganaTlebisa Cuenisa“ (23 maisi), „mociqulTa sworisa ioane zedaznelisa da aTormetTa mowafeTa misTa“ (18 ivlisi), „micvaleba... qarTvelT mnaTobisa Siosi“ (9 maiss da 11 maiss), „didebulisa mowamisa dedoflis SuSanikis“... (2 oqtombers da 28 agvistos), giorgi aTonelis (17 ivniss), anton martomyofelisa (19 ianvars), abo tfilelisa (8 ianvars), abibos nekreselisa (13 noembers da 29 noembers), arCilisa (20 marts da 21 ivniss). XVIII s. II naxevris xelnawerebidan amoRebulia petre iberielisa (2 da 3 dekembers) da isaak da iosebis (15 seqtembers) xsenebebi da sxv.

XVII saukunis da XVIII saukunis I naxevris liturgikul ZeglebSi zogierT wmindanis xsenebis dRe adrindel ZeglebTan SedarebiT gansxvavebulia:

adrindel ZeglebSi XVII-XVIII ss. I naxevris ZeglebSi

abibos nekreseli 12/XI 13/XI

daviT da konstantine 31/X 2/X

SuSaniki 17/X; 21/VIII 2/X; 28/VIII

abo tfileli 7/I 8/I

giorgi mTawmideli 29/VI 30/VI

kostanti kaxi 10/IX 12/IX

petre qarTveli 2/XII 3/XII; 2/XII

XVII-XVIII ss. Cndeba pirvelad ise wilknelis xseneba. Tavdapirvelad is iyo dadebuli 18 agvistos. SedarebiT gviandel ZeglebSi 2 dekembers. aseve biZina ColoyaSvilisa, Salva da elizbar erisTavebis (1659 wlis saxalxo ajanyebis gmirebi) xsenebis dRe Tavdapirvelad ganuwesebiaT 18 seqtembers, xolo ufro gviandel ZeglebSi maTi xsenebis dRed 24 ivlisia dasaxelebuli.

Cven saorientaciod am SemTxvevaSi XVIII s. imitom viRebT, rom am saukunis II naxevarSi qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis kalendarSi aleqsi mesxiSvilisa da anton I–is mier moxda sagrZnobi cvlilebebi. am cvlilebebis Sesaxeb arsebuli wyaroebis monacemebis safuZvelze Cven garkveuli warmodgena gvaqvs, xolo XVIII s. I naxevramde momxdari cvlilebebis Sesaxeb mxolod varaudi SeiZleba gamoiTqvas. erTi ram udavoa: yvela zemoCamoTvlili sxvaoba xsenebis dReebSi

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ar SeiZleba SemTxveviTobas mivaweroT, ufro axlos viqnebiT sinamdvilesTan Tu vityviT, rom XVII s. bolos da XVIII s. dasawyisSi zogierTi wmindanis dRe Segnebulad SeucvliaT. SeiZleba es cvlilebebi garkveuli saeklesio reformis Sedegi iyos, iseTive reformisa, rogoric ufro gvian, ganmeorebiT Caatara anton I–ma, romlis Sesaxebac ufro dawvrilebiT qvemoT vilaparakebT.

mokled SevexoT XVII-XVIII ss. im liturgikul krebulebs, romlebic gamoirCevian wmindanTa xsenebis dReebis siuxviT da originalobiT.

A-111 gulanis sadResaswaulos kalendari (xelnaweri gadawerilia 1705–15 ww. eqvTime baraTaSvilis mier) ZiriTadad imeorebs uZveles ZeglebSi moxsenebul qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebs (romlebsac aRar vuCvenebT). magram maTTan SedarebiT iZleva siaxlesac da cvlilebebsac. pirvelad aq gvxvdeba daviT aRmaSeneblis xseneba (25 ianvars), XVII s. mowameTagan pirvelad am ZeglSi aris Setanili qeTevan dedoflisa (13 seqtembers) da luarsab mefis (20 marts) xsenebani. adrindel ZeglebTan SedarebiT gansxvavebul dReebzea dadebuli SuSanikis (2 oqtombers), daviT da konstantines (2 oqtombers), abibos nekreselis (13 noembers), arCil mefis (20 marts), Sio mRvimelis (9 maiss) xsenebis dReebi. pirvelad unda iyos aq Setanili miqael–gobronisa (17 noembers), da sahak da iosebis (15 seqtembers) xsenebac (centr. arqivis #448 xelnaweri, romelic xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi XVII saukuniT aris daTariRebuli da Seicavs aRniSnuli xsenebis dReebs, SeiZleba sinamdvileSi A-111-ze gviandeli iyos).

1718 wels gadawerili sadResaswaulo A-425 (Sedgenili domenti kaTalikosis mier) iZleva zogierTi wmindanis xsenebis dRis sxvaobas zemoganxiluli xelnawerisagan. gansxvavebul dReebSia: antoni martomyofelisa (16 agvistos. es dRe antonis Camotanili matyofis xelTuqmneli xatis dResaswaulia), SuSanikis xseneba Zveli Zeglebis msgavsad 17 oqtombersaa, daviT da konstatinesi – 31 oqtombers, petre qarTvelisa 3 dekembers (A-111–Si ufro Zveli Zeglebis msgavsad – 2 dekembers). A-111–Tan SedarebiT A-425–s aklia: daviT aRmaSeneblis, arCil mefis, luarsab mefis, daviT da tiriWanis, ioane aTonelisa da evstaTi mcxeTelis xsenebis dReebi.

sainteresoa besarion kaTalikosis (orbeliSvilis) mier 1720–ian wlebSi Sedgenili hagiografiul–himnografiuli krebuli S-3269. am krebulis mixedviT kargad Cans Semdgenel–redaqtoris miswrafeba yvela qarTvel wmindans miuCinos xsenebis dRe da Sekribos Tu Seadginos hagiografiul–himnografiuli masala maTi dResaswaulisaTvis, rac, rogorc qvemoT davinaxavT, Sesrulebulia mxolod nawilobriv, am xelnawerebSi pirvelad Cndeba: biZina kaxis (ColoyaSvilis), Salva da elizbar erisTavebisa (18 seqtembers), ise wilknelisa (18 agvistos), ioseb alaverdielis (15 seqtembers) xsenebis dReebi.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa is faqti, rom am xelnawerSi avtors ucdia Seadgina iseTi wmindanebis dRis gangeba, romlebic saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi cnobilni arian, magram maT Sesaxeb mas veraviTari cnobebi ver Seugrovebia (amitom xelnawerSi mxolod maTi miniaturebia moTavsebuli vinaobis warweriT,

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xolo teqstisaTvis adgilia datovebuli), maTgan Cven davasaxelebT mxolod im wmindanebs, romelTa xsenebis dRe da hagiografiul–himnografiuli masala saerTod arasdros ar arsebula, esenia ioane zedaznelis mowafeebi, asureli mamebi: TaTe mamebeli (!), tviros breTeli, stefane xirseli, isidore samTavneli, miqael ulumboeli da arsen iyalToeli (unda iyos zenon iyalToeli).1 am magaliTidan kargad Cans, besarion kaTalikosis survili, Seedgina krebuli, romelSic yvela qarTveli wmindani iqneboda warmodgenili. es magaliTi asaxavs XVIII s. qarTvel saeklesio moRvaweTa miswrafebas nacionalur wmindanTa Rvawlis warmoCenisadmi, romelic ZiriTadad ukavSirdeba daviT garejis literaturuli skolis interesebs.

qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis kalendris damuSavebaSi gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs aleqsi mesxiSvilisa da anton I kaTalikosis mier Catarebuli Sroma XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi.

1749 wels Sedgenili tipikoni (A-122), romelic anton I–is brZanebiT aris gadawerili da romlis damuSavebaSi aleqsi mesxiSvilsac miuRia monawileoba,2 saintereso masalas iZleva. 29 seqtembers aq pirvelad vxvdebiT: „wmidisa mowamisa Salva Toris Tavadisa (axalcixeli) da wmidaTa mowameTa aTTa bevrTa tfiliss momwydarTa rusudanis ze mefisa, romelni mosrna jaladin usjuloman xvarasnis sulTanman“, 28 noembers „mRvdelmowamisa neofite urbnel episkoposisa“. mravladaa wmindanTa xsenebis Zvel ZeglebTan gansxvavebuli dReebic: abo tfilelisa 8 ianvars, anton martomyofelisa 19 ianvars, daviT aRmaSeneblisa 26 ianvars, micvaleba Rirsisa mamisa Cuenisa qarTvelTa mnaTobisa Siosi 11 maiss, „Rirsisa dedisa Cuenisa mociqulTa sworisa nonosi“, amas dResa saswaulTa vdResaswaulobT qarTvelni ganaTlebisa Cvenisasa~ 23 maiss (ninos xseneba aris 14 ianvarsac), ise wilkanis episkoposisa 2 dekembers, giorgi mTawmidelisa 27 ivniss, „Rirsisa mamisa Cuenisa mociqulTa sworTa ioane zedaznelisa da TormetTa mowafeTa misTa~ 28 ivliss (aris agreTve 7 maiss), 20 agvistos „moxuma nawilTa wmidisa dedoflisa mowamisa, qarTvelTa mnaTobisa dedisa Cuenisa qeTaonisa qveyaniT sparseTiT, qalaqiT SiraziT queyanad kaxeTad, raJams moixvna Zeman misman morwmuneman Teimuraz da dasxna alaverds eklesiisa didisa mTavarmowamisa giorgisa Sinagan wmidisa sakurTxevelisa queSe saRmrTosa trapezisa“ (qeTevanis xseneba aris 13 seqtembers), SuSanikis 28 agvistos.

cota mogvianebiT aleqsi mesxiSvils ukve damoukideblad Seudgenia tibikoni (rogorc igi mas uwodebs) – S-535, xolo Semdeg sadResaswaulo (A-1093). sakvirvelia, magram faqtia, rom am ori Zeglis kalendaruli masala gansxvavebebs gviCvenebs. upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom mas S-535 xelnaweris tipikalur nawilSi warmoudgenia im siriel mamaTa sia, romelTac xsenebis dReebi ar gaaCndaT da arc aq aqvT warmodgenili: isidore samTavneli, stefane xirseli, miqael

1 ix. ioane zedaznelis vrc. cxovrebis redaqcia-il. abulaZis gamocema, asurel moRvaweTa cxovrebis Zveli redaqciebi, 1955, gv. 2.2 k.kekeliZe, Zv. qarTuli mwerlobis istoria, t. I, gv. 366.

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ulumboeli, TaTe mamobili (unda iyos mamebeli), tviros breTeli. es sia besarion kaTalikosis S-3269 krebulidan unda hqondes aRebuli (aklia mxolod arsen iyalToeli, e.i. zenon iyalToeli). danarCen wmindanTa xsenebis dReebi igivea, rac uZveles da XVII-XVIII ss. I naxevris ZeglebSi. rac Seexeba A-1093 sadResaswaulos, romelic S-535–Tan SedarebiT meore rigis samuSaodaa gamocxadebuli da warmoadgens sabolood Camoyalibebul sadResaswaulos redaqcias,1 rogorc Sedareba cxadyofs, aleqsi mesxiSvilma misi kalendris SedgenisaTvis isargebla A-122 zemoganxiluli tibikonis kalendriT. aqac warmodgenilia is xsenebis dReebi, romlebic manamde sxva xelnawerebSi ar gvxvdeba (garda A-122–isa). abo tfilelisa 8 ianvars, daviT aRmaSeneblisa 26 ianvars, Sio mRvimelisa 11 maiss, wminda ninosi da saqarTvelos gaqristianebisa 23 maiss, giorgi mTawmidelisa 27 ivniss, ioane zedaznelisa 28 ivliss (aris 7 maissac), qeTevan dedoflis wminda nawilebis gadmosvenebisa 20 agvistos, SuSanikisa 28 agvistos. magram, A-122–dan aRar aris gadmotanili Salva axalcixelisa da „aTTa bevrTa“ mowamis xseneba 29 seqtembers da neofite urbnelis xseneba 28 oqtombers, danarCenTa xsenebis dReebs imeoreben.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom anton I kaTalikosis mier Sedgenil sadResaswauloSi (S-1464) sabololod Camoyalibebulia qarTvel wmidanTa xsenebis is kalendari, romelic qarTuli eklesiisaTvis oficialuri dokumenti gaxda. anton I Tavis sadResaswaulos SesavalSi wers, rom man Secvala zogierTi qarTveli wmidanis xsenebis dRe im mizeziT, rom maTi xsenebis dReebi iseT did dResaswaulTa dReebze iyo dadebuli, rom jerovnad am qarTveli wmindanebis dResaswaulTa aRniSvna ar xerxdeboda da maTi Rvawli iCrdileboda. amasTanave is aRniSnavs, rom „mravalni arian xsenebani qarTuelTa wmidaTani cualebulni, romelni ara Tvissa sakuTarsa dResa, odes srul hyves wmidaTa maT keTili srbaÁ Tvisi, da aw ara aResrulebian dResa mas, aramed sxuaTa dReTa“. rogorc am sityvebidan Cans, anton I–s kargad daunaxavs qarTuli saeklesio kalendris cvlilebani, romelic mis dromde mouxdeniaT da romlis Sesaxeb nawilobriv Cvenc gvqonda saubari da rac Cans Cvens mier motanili SedarebiTi siidan. magram antons Tavisi sityvebis dasadastureblad iseTi magaliTi moaqvs, romelic jerjerobiT arcerTi werilobiTi wyaroTi ar aris cnobili: „rameTu Ruawli dedoflisa qeTevanisi iyo martsa a (1) dResa, viTarmed akoloTia sruli qeTevan dedoflisa, erT–wignad qmnili, mixilavs me wignis–sacavsa Sina dedisa Cemisa, romelic meoTxe iyo asuli STamomavlobiTgan wmidisa mis dedoflisa, da wignsa mas Sina martisa TTÂsa piruÀlsa weril–iyo hxseneba Ruawlisa wmidisa qeTevanisa. aramed mpyrobelobasa kaxeTs dedis dedisa Cemisa dedoflisa annasa, daduÀs episkoposTa vieTme da mRudelTa Ruawli wmidisa mis hÃsenebad sekdenbersa ig (13), vinaÁTgan simravle ara mciredi Sekrbebis alaverds dResaswaulsa cxovels-myofelisa juarisasa sekdenbersa TTÁsa id (14) da, vinaÁTgan nawilni wmidisani

1 m. qavTaria, Zveli qarTuli poeziis istoriidan XVII-XVIII ss., 1977, gv. 101.

437

alaverds eklesiasa Sina mTavar–mowamisa giorgissa mdebare arian. amisTÂs ganaweses dResa ig sekdembrisasa erisa yovlisa mun daswrebisaTÂs“1. antoni Tavis sadResaswaulos SesavalSi kidev ramdenime kalendarul cvlilebaze laparakobs, rasac adgili hqonia adre: „xolo xseneba wmidisa mamisa iesesi, Cemsve yofasa saqarTuÀlosa Sina, iyo romelime mizezi, viTarmed Sehscuales, da dekembersa TTÂsa b (2) daaweses igi. da meca misTÂsve dResa b dekembrisasa jer–viCine dResaswaulobad“.2 SevniSnavT, rom adre ise wilknelis xsenebis dRed 18 agvisto iyo ganwesebuli. k. kekeliZis azriT, es cvlileba Semdegi mizeziT unda momxdariyo: „meTvramete saukunis damdegamde dekembris 2 saqarTvelos eklesia dResaswaulobda petre maiumelis xsenebas. meTvramete saukunis pirvel wlebSi is gamoricxes wmindanTa xarisxidgan, rogorc monofiziti da 2 dekembers, es garemoeba rom xalxs mainca da mainc TvalSi ar moxvedroda, gadmoitanes ise wilknelis xseneba 18 agvistodan“.3 mesame dResaswaulis Secvlazec laparakobs antoni, rom antoni martomyofelis xseneba 17 ianvars arcTu didi xnis win `nikolaoz Cerqezman rusTuÀlman da grigori xucesmonazonman dodirqelman~ ganaweses-o, magram Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rom anton martomyofelis xseneba 16 marts martyofis xelTuqmneli xatis dResaswaulTan erTad aRniSnuli aqvs arsen bulmaisimisZes jer kidev XIII saukuneSi, sadac is aRniSnavs: „vinaÁTgan Rirsisa antonis micvalebaca aTCvidmetsave ianvarsa iqmna dResa didisa antoni megviptelisasa, amisTÂs maSinca vgalobT da vityviT“ (A-85, 284). amitom antons, albaT, am dResaswaulis aRdgenaze SeeZlo laparaki da ara am dResaswaulis pirvelad dawesebaze, antoni ara marto sxvaTa mier Catarebul cvlilebebze laparakobs, aramed mogviTxrobs im cvlilebebzec, romlebic mas Seutania qarTul saeklesio kalendarSi da dasZens, rom es cvlilebebi man Caatara qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dResaswaulTa srulyofis mizniT. antonma, rogorc is TviTon wers, arCilis da luarsabis xseneba 20 martidan 21 ivniss gadmoitana, giorgi mTawmidlisa 30 ivnisidan 27 ivniss, abibos nekreselisa 13 noembridan 29 noembers, daviT aRmaSeneblisa 25 ianvridan 26 ianvars, antoni martomyofelisa 17 ianvridan 19 ianvars, isak da iosebis Sesaxeb is ambobs, rom man 15 seqtembridan maTi xseneba gadaitana sxva dRes, radgan im dRes ioseb alaverdelis xsenebaa dadebuli, magram antonis sadResaswauloSi isaakisa da iosebis xseneba saerTod aRar Cans. am cvlilebebis mizezebic axsnili aqvs antons: arCilisa da luarsabis xseneba martis TveSi SeiZleba marxvis dReebma daabrkolos. giorgi mTawmidelis xsenebis dRe 30 ivniss emTxveva „TormetTa mociqulTa“ xsenebas da amitom gadaitana 27 ivniss misi wmida nawilebis mocvalebis dRes. abibos nekreselis xseneba 13 noembers daiCrdileboda ioane oqropiris amave dRes xsenebis gamo, daviT aRmaSeneblis xseneba 25 ianvars emTxveva ioane RmrTismetyvelis xseneba.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, antonma Tavisi sadResaswaulos Sedgenamde

1 k. kekeliZe, etiudebi, t. IV, gv. 183.2 iqve, gv. 182.3 iqve, gv. 128.

438

monawileoba miiRo (A-122) xelnawerSi Sesuli tipikonis SedgenaSi da rogorc am ori Zeglis Sedareba gviCvenebs, ukve maSin ganaxorciela zogi cvlileba, romelic Semdeg sadResaswauloSic gadmoitana. ase, magaliTad, zemodamowmebuli kalendaruli cvlilebebidan, romelic piradad antons Cautarebia 1759 wels (S-1464 es TariRi uzis), rogorc amas TviT avtori aRniSnavs, nawilobriv ukve ganxorcielebulia 10 wliT adre Sedgenil A-122 (1749 w.) xelnawerSi. anton martomyofelis xseneba 19 ianvars, ise wilknelisa – 2 dekembers. A-122 Sedgenis Semdeg Secvala antonma arCilisa da luarsabis xsenebis dRe 20 martidan 21 ivniss (A-122–Si 20 martia) da abibos nekreselisa 13 noembridan – 29 noembers (A-122–Si sulac 12 noemberia, e.i. mis A-97 XI s. xelnawerSi dadasturebuli xsenebis dRe).

magram Zneli asaxsnelia is faqti, Tu ratom ar Seitana antonma Tavis sadResaswauloSi A-122 tibikonSi dadasturebuli Semdegi dResaswaulebi: Salva Toris Tavadisa (axalcixelisa) da „aTTa bevrTa“ 29 seqtembers, ratom Secvala neofite urbnelis xsenebis dRe 28 noemberi 28 oqtombriT. miT umetes, rom 1768–69 wlebSi Sedgenil „martirikaSi“ man Seitana pirvelad mis mierve dawerili hagiografiuli Txzulebani „Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidaTa aTTa da bevrTa mowameTa tfiliss. vnebulTa...“ (gv. 247–265). marTalia „martirika“ literaturuli Zeglia da ara liturgikuli, magram TavisTavad is faqti, rom antoni qmnis am mowameTa Sesaxeb vrcel „Sesxma–moTxrobas“, miuTiTebs maTi Rvawlis aRiarebaze. am fonze ucnauria am mowmeTa xsenebis dRis gamotoveba antonis sadResaswauloSi, miT umetes, rom pirvelad am mowameebis xsenebis dReTa daweseba A-122 tibikonSi antonis iniciativa unda iyos (rogorc aRvniSneT, am mowameTa xsenebis dReebi arc aleqsi mesxiSvilma gadaitana Tavis sadResaswauloSi (A-1093). antonis sadResaswauloSi aseve aRar aris Setanili A-122 tibikonSi dadasturebuli Semdegi xsenebis dReebi: 11 maiss – Sio mRvimelis micvaleba (ar aris Sios xseneba arc 9 maiss, XVII-XVIII ss. ZeglebSi dadasturebul dRes), 23 maiss wm. ninos da qarTvelTa moqcevis dResaswauli (ninos xsenebis tradiciuli dRe 14 ianvaria aqac, A-122-Sic aris 14 ianvars), 28 ivliss ioane zedaznelisa da aTormet mowameTa misTa (antonTan aris 7 maisi. am dResac aris A-122–Si), 20 agvistos qeTevan dedoflis wm. nawilTa gadmosvenebis dRe. oTxive es xseneba A-122–dan aleqsi mesxiSvilma, rogorc ukve vaCveneT, gadaitana Tavis sadResaswauloSi (A-1093).

sagangebod unda SevCerdeT or xsenebis dReze, romelic erTnairadaa warmogenili A-122–Si, aleqsi mesxiSvilis sadResaswauloSi da antonis sadResaswauloSi: 8 ianvars abo tfilelis xseneba da 28 agvistos SuSanikis xseneba, visi iniciativaa am mowameTa xsenebis dRis Secvla? Zvel ZeglebSi es Sesabamisad 7 ianvars abos xsenebaa dadebuli, xolo SuSanikis xseneba qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT dadebuli iyo 17 oqtombers (A-95, XI s.), erT XI saukunis ZeglSi (A-97) _ 21 agvistos da XVII-XVIII ss. ramdenime ZeglSi 2 oqtombers. anton kaTalikoss rom es cvlilebebi Seetana A-122 tibikonSi da Semdeg gadaetana Tavis sadResaswauloSi, maSin am faqts is aRniSnavda iseve, rogorc es man gaakeTa

439

sxva qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebis cvlilebasTan dakavSirebiT. amitom xom ar SeiZleba es cvlilebebi mivaweroT aleqsi mesxiSvilis iniciativas.

antonis sadResaswauloSi „brwyinvalesa kviriakesa Semdgomad orSabaTisa vidre paraskevamde, odes sxua romelime dResaswauli sadidebelni ara aResrulebodes rigsa saTueosa“ dadebulia xseneba „mowameTa garejis udabnoÁsaTa, romelni moisrnes agarianTa mier dResa TviT sauflosa... dResaswaulsa qristes aRdgomisasa“. am mowameebs antonma hagiografiuli Txzuleba uZRvna „martirikaSi“. anton kaTalikosis sadResaswauloSi pirvelad gvxvdeba ioane aTonelis xseneba 12 ivliss gabriel aTonelTan erTad (gamonaklisis gareSe ioanes xseneba yvelgan 14 ivlissaa), Tumca am cvlilebebis Sesaxeb is Tavis sadResaswaulos SesavalSi arafers ambobs.

ramdenime sityviT SevexoT im wmindanTa xsenebebsac, romlebic dadasturebulia antonamdel wyaroebSi, xolo antonis sadResaswauloSi ki Setanili ar aris (maT Soris A-122–is xsenebis dReebs ukve SevexeT, aRvniSneT agreTve, rom isaak da iosebis xseneba antonma, rogorc Cans, Segnebulad ar Seitana miuxedavad imisa, „martirikaSi“ warmodgenilia antonis mier Seqmnili hagiografiuli Txzuleba). amjerad Cven mxedvelobaSi ara gvaqvs iseTi xsenebebi, romlebic dasturdeba uZveles qarTul wyaroebSi („ierusalimis ganCineba, ioane–zosimes kalendari, „parizis leqcionari“ da zogi sxv.), radgan zogi am xsenebaTagan ar aris antonamdel mogviano ZeglebSic. magram antonis sadResaswauloSi ar aris iseTi xsenebebic, romlebic cnobilia CvenTvis XI-XVII ss. ZeglebiT. mag. serapion zarzmelisa 29 oqtombers, proxore qarTvelisa 12 Tebervals, luka ierusalimelisa 27 ivliss, nikoloz davlisa 19 oqtombers, cxraTa yrmaTa kolaelTa 22 Tebervals, Tamar mefisa 1 maiss, qristefore gurielisa 16 agvistos da sxv.

mizezi antonis sadResaswaulos kalendris aseTi xarvezebisa unda avxsnaT erTi garemoebiT: anton kaTalikoss ar hqonda informacia maT Sesaxeb. mag. ierusalimel qarTvel moRvaweTa saqmianoba (proxore, luka, nikoloz dvali, salome qarTveli, arseni da miqaeli da sxv.) mxolod ierusalimur xelnawerebSi dadasturebuli da saqarTveloSi Seqmnil wyaroebSi maTi xseneba ar gvxvdeba. aseve unda aixsnas sxva wmindanebis antonis sadResaswauloSi mouxseneblobis faqtebic. am azris kargi dasturi gvaqvs leningradis aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutSi dacul erT dokumentSi (On 41/E-106/E- 184/E f. VI). es dokumenti qarTvel wmindanTa kalendars Seicavs da Sedgenilia anton pirvelis damxmare pirebisagan, romlebic misi sadResaswaulosaTvis masalebs adgendnen. interess iwvevs zogierTi wmindanis xsenebis dReze gakeTebuli SeniSvnebi: mag. „sekdenbersa ie (15) orTa ZmaTa qarTvelTa sahak da iosebisa. ara viciT ra“. „oktonbersa b (2) SuSanik qarTvelTa dedoflisa, batonsac moexseneba“. „oqtombersa e (5) wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa grigol xanZTelisa qarTvelTaganisa ara viciT ra. oqtombrisa i (10) mowamisa qarTvelisa konstantinesi, romeli iyo didTagani. arca amisi viciT ra“.

aRniSnuli dokumentidan Cans, rom qarTveli wmindanebisa da maTi moRvaweobis

440

Semcveli wyaroebis arseboba yovelTvis cnobili ar yofila. mag. SegviZlia Tamamad vTqvaT, rom grigol xanZTelis uzarmazari saqmianobisa da Rvawlis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi araviTari cnoba ar arsebobda, sanam niko CubinaSvilma 1845 w. ierusalimis qarTvelTa monasterSi ar miakvlia misi cxovrebis Semcvel xelnawers, romelic niko marma gamosca 1911 w. manamde Zvel xelnawerebSi grigol xanZTelis xsenebas vxvdebiT 5 oqtombers yovelgvari gangebis gareSe (antons ki Seudgenia misi dRis gangeba, magram yovelgvari faqtiuri masalis gareSe, e.i. ar icnobs grigolis cxovrebas).

mxolod am mizeziT SeiZleba aixsnas antonis sadResaswauloSi zogierTi wmindanis mouxseneblobis faqti.

ganxiluli Zeglebis garda gvxvdeba ori xelnaweri, romelic dadasturebula: Sio garejelis svinaqsaruli cxovreba, misi xsenebis dRes 1 ivniss (A-1367; XVII-XVIII ss. sxva ZeglebSi aRar gvxvdeba) da Teodore mTawmindelis xseneba 20 aprils (H-40-1892 w. am xelnawerSi Cakrulia sxva xelnaweridan amoWrili furceli, romelic Seicavs am xsenebas. am wmindanis vinaoba CvenTvis ucnobia).

ucnobia CvenTvis dimitri mrovelis vinaoba, romlis xsenebis dRe ganuwesebia aleqsi mesxiSvils Tavis sadResaswauloSi (A-1093 26 oqtombers) am dRes am xsenebis Setana, vfiqrobT, ganapiroba im faqtma, rom am dRes saeklesio kalendrebSi dadebulia dimitri mowamis, Tesalonikelis xsenebis dRe. SeiZleba es iyos igive dimitri rostoveli, romelsac antoni ruseTSi mcxovreb qarTvelTa did mfarvelad miiCnevs).

am masalebiT amoiwureba qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis dReebi qarTul wyaroebSi uZvelesi droidan XVIII s. CaTvliT.

Zveli saqarTvelos wmindanTa da siwmindeTa kalendari 1*

warmovadgenT qarTvel wmindanTa xsenebis kalendars V-VIII ss–is qarTul xelnawerebSi dadasturebuli masalebis mixedviT. Tu wmindanis xsenebis dRe warmodgenilia ramdenime xelnawerSi, vuCvenebT erT an or xelnawers, SedarebiT adrindels. kalendaruli sia dalagebulia wmindanTa liturgikul ZeglebSi moxseniebis qronologiuri principiT.

wmindani, dResasw.

xsenebis dRe da xelnawerebi SeniSvna

1. SuSanikisi 17 oqtombers „ierus.

ganCineba“ (VI-IX ss.); sin. 34

(X s.)

21 agvistos A-97 (XI

s.)

2 oqtombers A-111 (1705-15 ww.) da

sxv.

1 noembers Q-662 (XVIIIs.)

28 agvistos

A-1093S-1464

(XVIII s.)

* daibeWda: msoflio marTlmadidebeli eklesiis SeerTebuli kalendari, e. WilaZis redaqciiT, Tbilisi, 2001, gv. 297-302.

441

2. yovelTawmidaTa, romelni qarTls ewamnes

11 dekembers „ierus.

ganCineba“ latalis

xelnaw. (IX s.)

3. mamai kaTalikosi

3 maiss „ierus. ganCineba“(VI-IX ss.); sin-34 (X s.)

zedazenis monastris

winamZ. unda iyos (VII s.)

4. abo tfilelisa

7 ianvarsH-2123(IX s.)

8 ianvars A-1093S-1464

5. ninosi 14 ianvarssin. 34 (X s.)

mesamesa zatiksa dResa

SabaTsa, pariz. nac. bibl. #3 xelnaweri

(XI-XII ss.)

Ãorcielsa paraskevsa

sin-5

23 maissA-122 A-1093

(XVIII s.) aRiarebulia

saq. gaqristianebis

dRed

13 ianvars Q-661 (XVIs.) Q-160

(XVI-XVII ss.) H-342 (1661w.)

6. arCilisi 15 ianvars sin. 34 (X s.)

8 ianvars pariz. #3

(XI s.)

20 marts A-111 (1703-

15 ww.)s-1323 (1686w.

(luarsab mefesTan erTad)

21 ivnisiS-1464

(XVIII s.) luarsab

mefesTan erTad

„qarTlis cxovrebaSi“

Setanil arCilis wamebaSic 20 martia dadebuli wamebis dRed

7. patiosnisa juarisa

manglisisa

20 maisssin. 34 (X s.)

8a. mcxeTis juaris

aRmarTeba

„kviriakesa mesamesa

zatikTa“ sin. 34 (X s.)

„moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ-

Si: „aRvsebisa zatikis zatiksa“

8b. mcxeTas jvris

gamoCineba

sulTmofenobis Semdeg pirvel oTxSabaTs sin. 1 (X s.); sin. 14 (X s.);

sin. 64 (X s.)

9. samoel episkoposi

24 Tebervals sin. 34 (X s.)

zogierT mkvlevars samoeli qarTlis

kaTolikosi hgonia

10. raJdenisi 25 ivniss par. #3

(XI-XII ss.)

3 agvistos A-97 (XI s.)

Jer. 80(XIV s.)

k. kekeliZis etiud. Vgv. 248,

sqolioSi miTiTebuli

26/VII Secdoma

unda iyos

442

11. abibos nekreselisa

6 ivliss par. #3 (XI-XII

ss.)

12 noembers A-97 (XI

s.)

13 noembers A-111

(1703-15 ww.)

29 noembers S-1464

(XVIII s.)

12. evstaTi mcxeTelisa

20 dekembers par. #3

(XI-XII ss.)

29 ivliss A-97 (XI

s.)

sergi Tavis Месяцеслов-Si (11,337) uTiTebs 6 dekembers,

rac Secdoma Cans

13. wm. mebkambesi

16 agvistos par #3

(XI-XII ss.)

fiqroben qarTveli wmindani unda iyos

14. wm sarmianesi

21 agvistos par. #3

(XI-XII ss.)

SeiZleba qarTveli

iyos

15. wminda marTalTa wm. qristes saflavisaTa

- ioane, stefane da

isaiasi

4 noembers par. #3

(XI-XII ss.)

SeiZleba qristes saflavis monastris qarTveli

berebi iyven

16. eqvTime mTawmidelisa

13 maissA-97 (XI s.) da yvela

xelnawerSi

17. ilarion qarTvelisa

19 noembers A-193 (XI s.)

da sxv.

18 noembers

Jer-80 (XIII-XIV

ss.)

18. ioane aTonelisa

14 ivliss A-97 (XI s.) da sxv.

12 ivliss S-1464(1759)

gabriel aTonelTan

erTad

19. proxore qarTvelisa

12 Tebervals Jer. 24 (XI s.)

20. grigol xancTelisa

5 oqtombers A-97 (XI s.) da

sxv.

21. kostanti kaxisa

10 noembers A-97 (XI s.)

S-1464 (XVIII s.) da sxv.

12 noembers

A-568 (XII-XIII ss.) S-443 (XVII-

XVIII ss.) da sxv.

22. ioane Wyondidelisa

3 ianvarsA-97 (XI s.)

erTaderTi xseneba

443

23. cxraTa yrmaTa

kolaelTa

12 Tebervals A-97 (XI s.) da

sxv. mrav.

24. musukavelTa: suqiasi da moyvasTa

misTa

15 aprils A-97 (XI s.) da

sxv. mrav.

25. daviT da tiriWanisi

18 maiss A-97 (XI s.) da sxv.

26. giorgi mTawmidelisa

29 ivniss A-97 (XI s.)

minaw. teqstis xeliT

30 ivniss Jer. 80

(XIVs.) H-342

(1661w.) da sxv.

27 ivniss A-122

(1749w.) S-1464

(1759w.)

27. Tamar dedoflisa

1 maiss A-97 (minaw. XIIIs.)

28. Sio mRvimelisa

„yvelierisa xuTSabaTs “H-1349,1 (XIIIs.) A-122 (1749 w.)

da sxv.

9 maiss Jer. 80 (XIVs.)

A-111(1705-15

ww.)

11 maissA-122

(1749 w.)S-1464

(1759 w.)

29. evagre cixedidelisa

(Sio mRvimelTan

erTad)

9 maiss Jer-80 (XIV s.)

30. anton martyofe-

lisa

16 agvistos A-85 (XIII s.)

Q-627 (XVIIIs.)(martyofis

xatis dResaswaulTan

erTad)

17 ianvars A-85

(XIIIs.)A-111

(1705-15 ww.)

19 ianvars A-122

(1749w.)A-1093

(XVIIIs.)S-1464 (1759w.)

31. martyofis

xatisa

16 agvistos A-85 (XIII s.)

Q-627 (XVIIIs.)

32. daviT da konstanti-

nesi

31 oqtombers pariz. 14

(XIII-XIVss.) Jer. 80 (XIV s.) A-426 (XII s.)

2 oqtom-bers A-111 (1705-15ww.)

da sxv. XVIII s. xelnawe-

rebSi

33. salome qarTvelisa

20 ivliss Jer. 24 (XIII-

XIVss. xeliT minaweri)

erTaderTi xseneba

444

34. luka ierusalime-

lisa

27 ivliss Jer-24 (XIVs.)

furceli lukas svinaqs.

cxovrebis Semcveli

XIVs. CakinZulia

Jer-24-Si (XIs.)

erTaderTi xseneba

35. nikoloz dvalisa

19 oqtombers Jer-80 (XIV s.)

aseve, XIVs. Camatebul furcelze, erTaderTi

xseneba

36. miqael da arsenisi

3 maiss Jer. 80 (XIV s.)

erTaderTi xseneba

37. ioane zedaznelisa

da ib (12) mowafeTa

misTa

7 maiss Jer. 80 (XIV s.) A-111 (1705-15ww.)

28 ivliss A-122

(17492.)A-1093

(XVIIIs.)

38. qristeforesi

(guriidan)

16 agvistos Jer. 80 (XVIs.)

erTaderTi xseneba

39. ioane Tornikesi

14 dekembers Q-661 (XVIs.)

erTaderTi xseneba

40. petre qarTvelisa

2 dekembers A-193 (XI, gviand.

minaweri) Q-661 (XVIs.)

da sxv.

3 dekembers

H-342 (1661w.)Q-646 (XVII-

XVIIIss.) da sxv.

misi xseneba amoRebulia

XVII s. dasawyisSi,

magram meqanikurad

mainc meordeba

41. miqael-gobronisi

17 noembers A-111 (1705-15ww.) A-425

(1718w.) da sxv.

18 noembers

S-2669 (1756w.)

42. serapion zarzmelisa

29 oqtombers A-84 (XVs.)

erTaderTi xseneba, minaweri aSiaze

teqstis xeliT

43. ise wilknelisa

18 agvistos S-3269 (1720-

iani wl.) lening. saj. bibl. 222 (XVII s.)

H-2077 (1736w.) da sxv.

2 dekembers

Q-1053 (1760w.)

A-122 (1759w.)S-1464

(1759w.) da sxv.

445

44. ioseb alaverde-

lisa

15 seqtembers S-3269 (1720-

iani w.) lening. 222 (XVIIIs.) da

sxv.

45. daviT urbnelisa

25 ianvars A-111 (1705-

15ww.) da sxv.

26 ianvars A-122

(1749w.)S-1464 (1759w.)

46. neofite urbnelisa

28 noembers A-122 (1749w.)

28 oqtombers

S-1464 (1759w)

47. Salva Toris

Tavadisa (axalcixe-

lisa)

29 seqtembers A-122 (1749w.)

erTaderTi xseneba

48. aTTa bevrTa (Salva

axalci-xelTan erTad)


erTaderTi xseneba

49. sahak (an isaak) da iosebisi

16 seqtembers A-111 (1705-15ww.) A-425

(1713w.) da sxv. mravali

50. qeTevan dedoflisa


da sxv. mravali

anton I-is mowmobiT

misi dResa-swauli Tavdapi-rvelad 1

marts unda yofiliyo (etiud. V,

gv. 783)

51. luarsab mefisa

20 martsA-130 (1713w.)

da sxv. mravali

21 ivniss S-1464 (1759w.)

52. biZina, Salva da elizbari

18 seqtembers S-3269 (1720-

iani w.) da sxv. mravali

24 ivliss A-380

(1714-16ww.)A-515

(1795w.) da sxv.

A-122-Si 19 seqtemberi uneblie Secdoma

unda iyos

53. Sio garejelisa

1 ivnissA-1093

(XVIIIs.)

erTaderTi xseneba

446

54. dimitri mrovelisa

26 oqtombers H-1093 (XVIII

s.)

erTaderTi xseneba.

Cans, Secdomaa, unda iyos dimitri

rostoveli

55. Tedore mTawmidelisa

20 aprils H-40 (1892w.)

erTaderTi xseneba. es wmindani ucnobia

56. gabriel aTonelisa

12 ivlissS-1464 (1759w.)

xseneba dadebulia

ioane aTonelTan

erTad

57. daviT garejelisa

amaRlebisa mzgefssa

xuTSabaTs c. arq. #459

(1739w.)

aRvsebiTgan meSvide

xuTSabaTs Q-627

(XVIIIs.)

58. dodo garejelisa

aRvsebiTgan meSvidesa kviriakisa oTxSabaTsa

Q-627(XVIIIs.)

59. garejelTa mowameTa, romelni moisrnes

dResa aRvsebisasa

brwyinvaleba kviriakesa Semdgomad

oTxSabaTisa, vidre

paraskevamde S-1464, 369

xelnawerTa fondebis pirobiTi niSnebis ganlageba

A _ yof. „saeklesio muzeumis xelnawerTa fondi“ _ amJamad xelnawerTa institutis fondi.

H _ yof. „saqarTvelos saistorio-saeTnografio sazogadoebis muzeumis xelnawerTa fondi“ _ amJamad xelnawerTa institutis fondi.

S _ yof. „qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis muzeumis xelnawerTa fondi“ _ amJamad xelnawerTa institutis fondi.

Q _ saqarTvelos sax. muzeumis xelnawerTa yofili fondi“ _ amJamad xelnawerTa institutis xelnawerTa axali fondi.

Jer. _ ierusalimis jvaris monastris qarTul xelnawerTa fondi (xelnaw. institutSi daculia fotopirebi).

Ath. _ aTonis mTis monastris qarTul xelnawerTa fondi (fotopirebi, aRweriloba).

Sin. _ sinas mTis qarTul xelnawerTa fondi (xelnawerTa institutSi daculia fotopirebi, aRweriloba).

447

par. _ parizis nac. biblioTekis qarTul xelnawerTa fondi (fotopirebi).quT. _ quTaisis saistorio-saeTnografio muzeumis xelnawerTa fondi.lening. _ saltikov-SCedrinis sax. leningradis sajaro biblioTekis qarTul

xelnawerTa fondi.cent. arq. _ saq. centraluri arqivis qarTul xelnawerTa fondi.

448

evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba *

(narkvevi)

`martÂlobaÁ da moTminebaÁ wmidisa evstaTi mcxeTelisaÁ” qronologiurad qarTuli originaluri hagiografiis Cvenamde moRweuli meore uZvelesi Txzulebaa `SuSanikis wamebis” Semdeg.

Txzuleba, romlis avtoric ucnobia, samecniero literaturaSi aRiarebulia VI saukunis II naxevarSi Seqmnil Zeglad, uZvelesi xelnaweri ki, romliTac am Txzulebam moaRwia, XI s-iT TariRdeba (1).

Txzuleba, romelSic moTxrobilia sparseli mazdeanis – gvirobandakis ganZakidan mcxeTaSi Camosvla da iq qristianuli sarwmunoebis miReba, rac sababi gaxda misi sikvdiliT dasjisa sparsel cecxlTayvanismcemel xelisufalTa mier (2), erT-erTi ZiriTadi wyaroa VI saukunis Sua wlebis qarTlis socialur-politikuri istoriis sakiTxebis Sesaswavlad, rom araferi vTqvaT mis udides mniSvnelobaze Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis mravalferovan problemebSi garkvevisaTvis.

radgan evstaTi mcxeTelis `wameba” hagiografis martvilologiuri xasiaTis Zeglia, romelsac Tavisi specifikuri niSan-Tvisebebi aqvs hagiografiuli mwerlobis ufro gvian warmoSobil `cxovrebaTa” Janris ZeglebTan SedarebiT, Txzulebis ganxilva unda daviwyoT martvilologiuri hagiografiis zogadi mimoxilviT da Semdeg gavagrZeloT saubari Txzulebis istoriuli da literaturuli sakiTxebis mimoxilviT.

hagiografiis martvilologiuri Janris Sesaxeb. qristianuli erebis mwerlobis istoriaSi hagiografiuli dargis literaturas erT-erTi mTavari adgili uWiravs.

hagiografiuli literaturis pirveli Txzulebebi bizantiur-romaul qristianul garemoSi Seiqmna da TandaTanobiT gavrcelda danarCen qristianul samyaroSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSic.

qarTul sinamdvileSi originaluri hagiografiuli literaturis pirveli Txzulebis - `SuSanikis wamebis” Seqmnas (V saukunis 70-iani wlebi) win am dargis TxzulebaTa Targmna uswrebda, rac dokumenturad dadasturebulia TviT `SuSanikis wamebaSi”: `aRdga wmidaÁ da netari SuSanik da Tana waritana evangelÀ TÂsi... da wmidani igi wignni mowameTani” (2,16)

Txzulebis damowmebuli adgilidan Cans da literaturaTmcodneobaSic sarwmunodaa miCneuli, rom hagiografiuli mwerloba martviloogiiT, anu `wamebaTa” JanriT daiwyo. saerTod, hagiografiuli mwerlobisa da, kerZod,

* daibeWda: saq. literaturaTmcodneobis akademiis Sromebi, V, Tbilisi, 2007 w., gv. 43-77.

449

martvilologiuri Janris warmoSobas ZiriTadi Teoriuli safuZveli axali aRTqmis literaturam, kerZod, saxarebam daudo.

ieso qristesa da misi mowafeebis cxovrebam da mowamebrivma aRsasrulma qristianebSi warmoSva miswrafeba miebaZaT qristesa da misi sarwmunoebisaTvis, tanjva-wamebiT, sikvdiliT `emowmaT” TavianTi erTguleba da sicocxlis fasad daedasturebinaT igi. aqedan warmodga sityvebi: `mowame”, `wameba”, rac Tanamedrove SinaarsiT `mowmes”, `damowmebas” niSnavs, xolo radgan es `mowmoba” ZiriTadad tanjva-wamebaSi sikvdiliT mTavrdeboda, am sityvamac SemdgomSi dRevandeli gagebiT `tanjva-wamebis” Sinaarsi SeiZina. misi berZnuli Sesatyvisia `marturion” (3). aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom martvilologiuri Janris yvela qarTul originalur Txzulebas `wamebaÁ” ewodeba, xolo evstaTi mcxeTelis Sesaxeb Seqmnil hagiografiul Zegls berZnuli saxeli - `martÂlobaÁ”.

maSasadame, qristianobis warmoSobis pirveli wlebidanve qristes mowamebrivi Rvawli yvela qristianis misabaZ magaliTad iqca, xolo mowameoba qristianuli rwmenis aRiarebis WeSmarit gamoxatulebad.

berZnul-romauli warmarTuli imperia, romlis wiaRSic warmoiSva qristianuli religia, sakmaod noyier niadags uqmnida axali religiis mimdevarT, sisruleSi moeyvanaT TavianTi mowamebrivi miswrafebani. bizantiuri hagiografiuli mwerlobis warmoSobis magaliTi ar gamodgeba qarTuli originaluri hagiografiuli mwerlobis, kerZod, misi martvilologiuri Janris warmoSobis asaxsnelad.

qarTuli martvilologia ar warmoSobila warmarTul garemocvaSi. mirian mefis epoqaSi, rodesac qristianobis Casaxva iwyeba qarTul warmarTul qveyanaSi, arc mowameobrivi faqtebia naxsenebi da arc qristianTa devnis SemTxvevebia dadasturebuli. piriqiT, loialuri damokidebuleba axali sarwmunoebis mimarT Cans wm. ninos mier nana dedoflis qristianobaze moqcevis gadmocemaSi (2,130).

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, martvilologiuri Txzulebebi qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis Tavdapirvelad mxolod bizantiuri hagiografiuli, ufro zustad, martvilologiuri nimuSebiT unda yofiliyo cnobili.

saqarTveloSi martvilologiuri originaluri Txzulebebis Seqmnas sul sxva safuZveli hqonda, vidre bizantiaSi, sadac qristianobis Casaxvidan warmarTul religiasTan brZolaSi mis saboloo gamarjvebamde sam saukuneze meti gavida da sadac qristianul mwerlobas pirveli saukuneebidanve hqonda Tavisi qristianuli literaturuli tradicia evangeluri Zeglebis saxiT.

ueWvelia, saqarTveloSi qristianul religias saboloo damkvidrebamde warmarTuli sarwmunoebis mier Seqmnili mravali dabrkolebis daZleva mouxdeboda, magram es faqti ver ganapirobebda qarTuli hagiografiuli

450

mwerlobis warmoSobas, qristianTa wamebis realur faqtebs kidec rom hqonoda adgili. saqme isaa, kidec rom arsebuliyo wyaro, originaluri hagiografia ver Seiqmneboda am dros saqarTveloSi qristianuli mwerlobis tradiciebis uqonlobis mizeziT: saqarTveloSi qristianobis gamarjvebis Semdeg bizantiuri qristianuli literatura da saeklesio organizacia erT-erTi wyaro iyo nacionaluri saeklesio organizaciisa da saeklesio literaturis Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis (4,5).

faqtia, Cvenamde moRweuli pirveli originaluri hagiografiuli Txzulebebi martvilologiuri Sinaarsisaa. es moulodneli araa, radgan yvela qristianulma erma hagiografiuli mwerloba am JanriT daiwyo.

pirveli qarTuli martvilologiuri hagiografiuli Txzulebebis Seqmnis safuZveli mazdean, anu cecxlTayvanismcemel sparsel dampyrobelTa mier Seqmnili politikuri situacia iyo, romelsac upirispirdeboda qarTuli eklesiis religiuri da erovnuli interesebi.

qarTul eklesias Tavis pirvel mowamed gaqristianebuli sparsi raJdeni miaCnia, romelic `pirvelmowamed” aris dasaxelebuli.

cnoba raJdenis wamebis Sesaxeb V saukunis I naxevarSi daculia `qarTlis cxovrebaSi” Setanil vaxtang gorgaslis istoriaSi, xolo hagiografiuli Txzuleba `wamebaÁ da Ruawli didisa mowamisa raJdenisi” dawera XVIII saukunis gamoCenilma saeklesio mweralma da kaTolikosma besarion orbeliSvilma zemoT dasaxelebul vaxtang gorgaslis istoriaze dayrdnobiT. misi sityvebiT: `CuenTa amaT da qarTvelTa Soris gamobrwyinvebulTa mowameTa dasabam iqmna sanatreli ese”. anda `pirvel amis netarisa ara visi smenil ars martÂlobaÁ queyanasa amas saqarTvelosasa” (5,16).

miuxedavad amisa, pirveli qarTuli hagiografiuli Txzuleba aris V saukunis II naxevarSi Seqmnili `wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi dedoflisaÁ”, xolo meore – VIs. II naxevarSi ucnobi avtoris mier dawerili: `martÂlobaÁ da moTminebaÁ wmidisa evstaTi mcxeTelisaÁ”.

Txzulebis mokle Sinaarsi. sparseTSi xuasro anuSirvanis mefobis (531-579ww.) meaTe (e.i. 541) wels sparseTis arSakeTis provinciis qalaq ganZakidan qarTlSi Camosula da mcxeTaSi dasaxlebula 30 wlis sparseli, saxeliT gvirobandaki. igi yofila mogvis Svili da mSoblebi masac mogvobas aswavlidnen. ymawvil kacs Tavidanve guli auyria mamapapeul sarwmunoebaze, eWvi Sehparvia mazdeanobis WeSmaritebaSi da qristianuli sarwmunoebiT dainteresebula.

`ufroÁs ars yovelsa rCulsa qristeanobaÁ, vidre uRmrToebaÁ” - ambobs igi.rogorc Cans, gvirobandakze gavlena mouxdeniaT ganZakSi mravlad

macxovrebel qristianebs, xolo saboloo arCevani mas gaukeTebia samoel diakonTan qristianuli sarwmunoebis sakiTxebze msjelobis Sedegad, romelmac

451

mas dawvrilebiT mouTxro am religiis istoria Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebis mixedviT.

mcxeTaSi CamosvlisTanave, sadac im dros bevri misi Tanamemamule cxovrobda, mas Seuswavlia `meÃamleoba”, e.i. mewaReoba, daaxloebia qristianebs, ufro metad `Seiyuara man rCuli qristeanobisaÁ da hrwmena qriste” da moinaTla kidec mcxeTaSi qarTlis kaTalikosis samoelis mier, romelsac misTvis evstaTi daurqmevia. male man SeirTo qristiani meuRle da Svilebic SeeZina.

rodesac mazdean Tanamemamuleebs evstaTi TavianT mTavar dResaswaulze - `tozikobaze” miuwveviaT, mas uTqvams: `Tqueni toziki bnel ars da Tquen, metozikenica, bnel xarT, xolo me qristes beWedi mimiRebies da qristesa toziksa vtozikob”. es pasuxi mazdean sparselebs Seuracxyofad miuRiaT da evstaTi cixisTav ustamTan daubezRebiaT. ustamma evstaTi sxva Svid gaqristianebul sparselTan erTad Tbiliss gaagzavna marzapan arvand guSnaspTan. eqvsi Tve dilegSi yofnis Semdeg evstaTi qarTlis didebulebis TxovniT sxvebTan erTad gauTavisuflebiaT.

sami wlis Semdeg qarTlSi axali marzapani – veJan buzmiri Camovida, romelTanac evstaTi isev daasmines da, rodesac marzapans yovelgvari imedi gadaewura evstaTis mazdeanur sarwmunoebaze dabrunebisa, mas Tavis mokveTa miusaja. evstaTim mxolod es survili daibara anderZad: daemarxaT mcxeTas `sadaca naTelmiRebies” (2,45). es anderZi ausrules `qristeaneTa” da evstaTis wminda gvami mcxeTis eklesiaSi dakrZales didi pativiT.

TxzulebaSi aRwerili istoriul-politikuri viTareba. evstaTi mcxeTelis `martviloba” rom uZvelesi qarTuli originaluri hagiografiuli Zeglia `SuSanikis wamebis” Semdeg, cxadia, es mas udides literaturul Rirebulebas aniWebs, magram Tu imasac davumatebT, rom es Txzuleba WeSmaritad sando wyaroa VI saukunis saqarTvelos istoriis umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxebis gasarkvevad, naTeli iqneba misi Rirseba.

evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobidan naTlad Cans, rom VI saukunis Sua wlebsa da mis meore naxevarSi, romelsac Txzuleba moicavs, aRmosavleT saqarTvelo sparselebs aqvT dapyrobili da aq umefobis xana sufevs. qarTvelTa mefoba gauqmebulia da politikur mmarTvelobas mTlianad sparseTis mefis sagangebo moxele - marzapani axorcielebs. es faqti sxva wyaroebidanac Cans da adasturebs Txzulebis, rogorc istoriuli wyaros, sandoobas.

mokled SevexoT am sakiTxs: iranisa da romis imperiebis interesebis Sejaxebam amierkavkasiaze uflebebis mopovebisaTvis brZolaSi saqarTvelos rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT samefoebs – qarTlsa da egriss mZime dReebi dauyena. es swored is qveynebi iyo, sadac adgilobrivi xelisufleba kidev inarCunebda samefo uflebebs.

452

Tu romaelebi jer kidev urigdebodnen egrisis vasalur mdgomareobas, iranelebi gaafTrebiT ibrZodnen kavkasiidan romaelTa saboloo gaZevebisa da kavkasiis sruli aneqsiisaTvis, iq adgilobrivi xelisuflebis gauqmebisa da kavkasiaSi Semavali qveynebis, maT Soris qarTlis, sparseTis rigiT provinciad gadaqcevisaTvis.

428 wels iranelebma mefoba mospes somxeTSi, xolo 510 wels albaneTSi. jeri qarTlis samefoze midga. am miznis ganxorcieleba iranelebs qarTlSi TavianTi sarwmunoebrivi politikis gatarebiT dauwyiaT.

sparseTis mefes kavad I-s (488-531ww.) gadauwyvetia iberebis ZaliT moqceva mazdeanobaze da rogorc bizantieli istorikosi prokopi kesarieli wers, mas gurgen qarTlis mefisaTvis SeuTvlia, rom `sxva rameSic ise moqceuliyo, rogorc sparselebSi iyo miRebuli, da micvalebulebic miwaSi ki ar daemarxaT, aramed yvela micvalebuli frinvelebisa da ZaRlebisTvis gadaegdoT” (6,44). aseTi ultimatumis Semdeg qarTlis mefes ajanyeba ganuzraxavs da bizantiis imperator iustinesTan (518-527ww.) saidumlo molaparakeba dauwyia. marTalia, keisars didi imedi miucia gurgenisaTvis, rom romaelebi arasodes sparselebis xelSi ar Caagdebdnen iberebs, magram gadamwyvet momentSi, roca iranelebis didi laSqari Semoesia qarTls, bizantielTa damxmare razmi imdenad mcire aRmoCnda, rom gurgenma brZola veRar gaubeda iranelebs da iZulebuli gaxda mTeli ojaxiTa da ajanyebaSi monawile sxva didebulebiTurT egriss Sefareboda. es moxda 523 wels. prokopi kesarielisave mowmobiT, amis Semdeg iranelebi qarTvelebs nebas aRar aZlevdnen sakuTari mefe hyolodaT (7, 247).

amrigad, VI saukunis I meoTxedis bolos qarTlSi qarTvelTa mefoba moispo da iranelTa uSualo mmarTveloba damyarda.

532 wels iransa da bizantias Soris dadebulma e.w. uvado zavma ganamtkica iranelTa mdgomareoba qarTlSi, radgan bizantielebi, romlebmac am zaviT fexi amoukveTes irans egrisis samefoSi, iranelebs daeTanxmnen, rom pretenziebi aRar eqnebodaT qarTlze (7, 247).

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnili situacia mokled asea warmodgenili qarTul saistorio wyaroSi - `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ”: `... da viTarca mefobaÁ daesrula qarTlsa Sina, sparsni ganZlierdes da hereTi da somxiTi daipyrnes, xolo qarTli umetesad daipyres. da kavkasianTa Sevides da karni ovseTisani aignes da erTi didi kari ovseTve da orni dvaleTs da erTi parWuans durZukeTisasa, da igi mTiulni gomardad daadgnnes. da sxuaÁ vinme kaci daidgines mTavrad wanareTisa Ãevsa da morCilebaÁ dasdves misi... da sparsTa xazareTisa karni Seqmnes da xazarni meot yvnes ... da kaTalikozi iyo samuel meaTormete da nelad-re Sekrba qarTli“ (2, 94-95).

453

sparselebma saqarTvelos CrdiloeTis zemoaRwerili sazRvrebis gamagrebiT qarTvelebs CrdiloeT kavkasiis momTabare tomebis daxmarebis imedi mouspes da TavianTi axali samflobeloebic daicves am mxridan mosalodneli Semosevebisagan.

kavad I-is mefobaSi moxda iranis saxelmwifos samxedro administraciuli reorganizacia: irani oTx mxared, anu `kustakad” daiyo. `kustaki“, Tavis mxriv, ufro mcire administraciul erTeulebs, anu `Sahrebs“ aerTianebda. qarTli, somxeTi, albaneTi da atropatakani (adarbadagani) ̀ Sahrebis“ saxiT CrdiloeTis, anu kavkasiis kustakis SemadgenlobaSi gaaerTianes, romlis centri iyo ganZaki. `Sahrebs“ marzapanebi marTavdnen, romlebic kustakis ufross - `spaspets“ emorCilebodnen (7, 248).

,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis“ mixedviT `marzapani“, romelic warmoadgenda qarTlSi iranis administraciul-politikur xelisuflebas, ganusazRvreli uflebebiT sargeblobda. mcxeTis cixisTavis, ustamis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `yovlisa kacisa qarTlisa mas Ãel-ewifebis sikudili da cxorebaÁ” (2, 32). pirvel rigSi, es exeba sasamarTlo uflebebs: rodesac mcxeTis cixisTavTan waradgines sparseli mazdeanebis mier dasmenili evstaTi, ustam cixisTavs, romelmac tkbili sityviT ver daiyolia evstaTi, mamapapiseul sarwmunoebas dabruneboda, uTqvams: ̀ amis kacisa patiJi me araraÁ Ãel-mewifebis, arca aRbmaÁ Zelsa, arca pyrobilebaÁ, aramed waruZRuano ege tfiliss qalaqsa arvand guSnasps, qarTlisa marzapansa da, raÁ-igi Sehgvandes, man uyos” (2, 32).

erTi sityviT, yovelgvari danaSaulisaTvis sasjelis dadebis ufleba mxolod marzapans hqonda. xolo mcxeTaSi sparselebis mier daniSnul cixisTavs imis nebac ki ar hqonda, danaSaulSi eWvmitanili piri Tundac dilegSi Caesva, rac kargad Cans ustam cixisTavis zemomoyvanili sityvebidan.

marzapani, rogorc Txzulebidan Cans, TbilisSi mkvidrobs, romelic am dros ukve qarTlis samefos dedaqalaqia. amis aRniSvna amjerad imitom dagvWirda, rom ,,abibos nekreselis wamebis“ mixedviT, romelic amave epoqas aRwers, qarTlis marzapanis rezidencia (Tuki igi meore rezidencia ar aris) aris `zena sofeli... romelsa hqvian reÃi“ (2, 244).

aRsaniSnavia qarTlis marzapanis, arvand guSnaspis maamebluri damokidebuleba qarTlis didebulebTan, rac albaT iranelTa politikas warmoadgenda dapyrobil qveyanaSi mSvidobis SesanarCuneblad. evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobaSi aRwerilia epizodi, rodesac qarTlis didebulebma marzapans sparseTSi gamgzavrebis win sTxoves evstaTisa da masTan erTad dapatimrebuli gaqristianebuli sparselebis ganTavisufleba: `vevedrebiT Sensa magas uflebasa, saTxovelsa erTsa gTxovT“. TiTqos moulodnelia marzapanis pasuxi: `TquT, raÁca gnebavs, raÁmca iyo, romeli Tquen ara mogmadle?“ (2, 34).

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da rodesac man gaigo saTxovari, yovelgvari yoymanis gareSe Seusrula igi, miuxedavad imisa, rom mazdeanobis moRalate sparselebis sikvdiliT dasja gadawyvetili iyo: `igi kacni mosaklavad Sehgvandes, xolo TqueniTa oxiTa ganutevne egeni“ (2, 34). aqedan Cans iranelTa politikuri pozicia: qveynis marTva-gamgeobis saqmeSi farTod moizidon adgilobrivi didebulebi da maTi saxiT saimedo sayrdeni hyavdeT dapyrobil qarTlSi.

sparseTs mimavali qarTlis marzapanis gasacileblad Sekriba qarTlis warCinebulTa mTeli dasi: `qarTlis kaTalikozi“, `qarTlis mamasaxlisi“, `qarTlis pitiaxSi“ da `sxvani sefewulni“.

Txzulebidan kargad Cans, rom sparselebi TavianT xelisufalTa garda (marzapani, cixis-Tavi) adgilobrivi didebulebidan niSnavda moxeleebs, rogoricaa mamasaxlisi, pitiaxSi. isini albaT qarTlis Sinaur saqmeebs ganagebdnen sparselTa kontrolis qveS.

Txzulebidan kargad Cans, rom am periodSi mcxeTaSi sakmao raodenobiT cxovrobdnen mazdeani sparselebi, romelTa aq Camosaxlebas Tavisi istoria aqvs. jer kidev vaxtang gorgaslis bavSvobaSi, V saukunis Sua wlebSi, rogorc es moTxrobilia mis istoriaSi, vaxtangis deda sagduxt dedofali evedreboda Tavis mamas barzabod pitiaxSs (mazdean sparss) qristianebi cecxlTayvanismcemlobaze iZulebiT ar gadaeyvana, razedac mas upasuxia: `iZulebiT arca vis qarTvelsa sxuas davagdebineb sjulsa qristessa, aramed mivgzavnne cecxlismsaxureni qalaqsa Tquensa da iyvnen mun episkoposni maT zeda sjulisa Cuenisani da vinca qarTvelni nebsiT TÂsiT aRirCevdes sjulsa Cuensa, nu ayenebT... maSin barzabod warmogzavnna cecxlismsaxureni mcxeTas da maT zeda episkopozad binqaran da dasxdes moguTas... da Seeria qarTls wurilsa ersa cecxlismsaxureba. amisTÂs mwuxare iyo sagduxt dedofali, aramed mZlavrebisagan sparsTasa veras ikadrebda“ (8, 144-145).

amrigad, jer kidev V saukunis Sua wlebidan mcxeTaSi Camosaxlebula sparsel cecxlTayvanismcemelTa mozrdili nawili, romelic im ubanSi dasaxlda, romelsac moguTa ewodeboda. maT, rogorc Cans, SematebiaT qarTveli qristianebis dabali sazogadoebrivi fenis warmomadgelebis arcTu mcire nawili. amrigad, mcxeTaSi mogvTa simravle jer kidev V saukunis II naxevarSi igrZnoboda. garda amisa, maT TandaTanobiT ematebodaT sparseTis sxvadasxva provinciebidan gadmoxvewil sparsel cecxlTayvanismcemelTa garkveuli nawili, rogorc es ,,evstaTis martvilobidanac“ Cans. cxadia, evstaTis martvilobaSi naxsenebi sparsuli dResaswaulis monawile cecxlTayvanismcemelTa didi raodenoba albaT moicavda, rogorc V saukunidan mcxeTaSi damkvidrebul mazdeanTa STamomavlebs, aseve aqve axlad Camosul sparsel cecxlTayvanismcemlebsac.

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ZeglSi asaxuli religiuri viTareba. Tavdapirvelad gasarkvevia ,,evstaTis martvilobis“ mixedviT rogoria mazdeani sparseTis mmarTveli wreebis damokidebuleba erTi mxriv adgilobriv, qarTvel qristianebTan, meore mxriv ki mazdeanuri sarwmunoebidan qristianobaze gadmosul sparselebTan.

bizantiur-romauli hagiografiis martvilologiur Txzulebebze msjelobisas qristian morwmuneTa sikvdiliT dasjis mizezad romaul-berZnul warmarTul imperiaSi qristianTa devnis faqtebs asaxeleben. saqarTveloSi msgavsi mizezi gamoricxulia qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis qristianul garemoSi warmoSobis gamo. magram idevnebodnen Tu ara qarTveli qristianebi dampyrobeli mazdeani sparselebis mier wminda sarwmunoebriv niadagze? rogorc Cans, am sakiTxze erTgvarovani pasuxis gacema ar moxerxdeba, radgan istoriis garkveul periodSi viTareba met-naklebad gansxvavebuli iyo. mag: V saukunis Sua wlebSi, vaxtang gorgaslis dedis - sagduxt dedoflis xvewna-mudaris Semdeg misma mamam – barzabod pitiaxSma xeli aiRo ganzraxvaze, ZaliT moeqcia qarTvelebi mazdeanobaze, rogorc es zemoT aRvniSneT. aseve kavad I sparseTis mefec Seecada Vs. I meoTxedSi Semoetana mazdeanuri wesebi saqarTveloSi da ZaliT daenerga igi (6, 49). magram ,,evstaTis martvilobaSi“ aRweril periodSi qarTvel qristianTa devnis an Seviwroebis arcerTi SemTxveva ar aris moxseniebuli. qarTlSi mcxovrebi yvela qristiani, Tuki qristianoba maTi mama-papeuli sjuli iyo, sarwmunoebrivi xelSeuxeblobiT sargeblobda, rogorc es ,,evstaTis martvilobis“ erTi epizodidan Cans: rodesac evstaTi meored daabezRes, masTan erTad daapatimres stefane da orive marzapan veJan buzmiris winaSe waradgines, rogorc sakuTari sjulis moRalateni da moaxsenes: `ese arian axal qristianeni igi mcxeTelni. xolo veJan buzmir hrqua evstatis da stefanes: `vinani xarT, anu romeli rCuli gipyries?“ da aRdges asurni mTavarni kacni stefanesTÂs da hrques: `ese kaci Cuen viciT, Cueni mdaburi ars, mama da deda da Zmani da dani magisni qristeane arian da egeca qristeane ars. xolo stefane maTiTa miT sityÂTa ganuteves“ (2, 35).

aqedan kargad Cans, rom mSobelTa qristianoba mtkice sabuTi aRmoCnda, rom mas braldeba moxsnoda. amrigad, qristianuli sarwmunoeba, Tuki is mSobelTa da winaparTa rjulia, araviTari represiebis mizezi ar aris.

qarTvel qristian morwmuneTa sarwmunoebriv devnaze laparaki zedmetia, miTumetes, rom ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobaSivea“ naTqvami, rom am dros TviT sparseTSi qristianobas sruli Tavisufleba hqonda micemuli. `rameTu ganZaks qalqsa qristianeni ufrois arian da episkoposni da mRdelni“ (2, 31). erT-erTi asuruli wyaro (`grigol mowamis martviloba“) adasturebs am faqts ; `qristianeni (sparseTSi) bednierni iyvnen: yvelgan hqondaT eklesiebi da mefis brZanebis wyalobiT aravis SeeZlo, maTTvis raime vneba mieyenebina. aseTi

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mdgomareoba iyo perozis mefobidan (458-484ww.) moyolebuli xosros mefobis (531-579ww.) meaTe wlamde. am wels mogvebma /sparseTSi/ qristeanTa devna atexes“ (19, 67).

rogorc Cans, qristianobis mimarT sparseli mefeebis loialuri damokidebulebis Sedegad sparsel cecxlayvanismcemelTa qristianul sarwmunoebaze moqcevis SemTxvevebi Zalian gaxSirda, rac kargad Cans ,,evstaTis martvilobidanac“: evstaTis pirveli dapatimrebis dros masTan erTad marzapnis samsjavros winaSe wardga eqvsi gaqristianebuli sparseli. aseTi magaliTi bevri iyo sparseTis mier dapyrobil sxva qveynebSic. swored am garemoebam gamoiwvia sparseTis mefis sagangebo zomebi mazdeanTa qristianobisaken ltolvis SesaCereblad.

sparseTis mefem xosro 1-ma Tavisi mefobis meaTe wels, rogorc zemoT moyvanili wyaro gvamcnobs, daiwyo sparseTSi (da, albaT, mis mier dapyrobil provinciebSic) gaqristianebuli sparselebis devna. amasve adasturebs erTi somxuri wyaroc (,,grigol manaWihris martvilobis“ somxuri teqstic, Tumca aq devnis dasawyisad xuasros mefobis `meaTxuTmete“ welia dasaxelebuli).

`meaTxuTmete welsa mefobisa xuasro sparsTa mefisa, gamoica mefisagan brZaneba Tavis sabrZaneblis yvela qveynisadmi, vinc sparsTa tomisagan qristes aRmsarebeli aRmoCndeba, Seipyran da cixeSi daamwyvdion, mkacri tanjviT RvTismsaxurebis dateveba aiZulon da mzesa da cecxlsa Tayvani aceminon“ (9, 510).

cxadia, evstaTisa da kidev eqvsi gaqristianebuli sparselis dapatimrebac, romelic aRwerilia ,,evstaTis martvilobaSi“, gacemuli brZanebis Sedegad unda momxdariyo. erTi sityviT, mimoxiluli faqtebi adastureben, rom Tu sparsuli mazdeanoba drodadro ebrZoda qristianobas, igi sdevnida mxolod mazdeanuri sarwmunoebis moRalate qristianebs. ufro metic, Tu Cven davujerebT VIIs. istorikosis mier mowodebul cnobas, xosro pirvelma akrZala ara marto cecxlTayvanismcemeli warmarTis gaqristianeba, aramed piriqiT – qristianis gamazdeanebac da mouwoda, rom yvela mtkiced iyos Tavis rjulze, xolo vinc Tavis rjulze ar dadgeba da uvaryofs Tavis rjuls, ,,mokluli iqnebao“ (Себеос, История Ираклиа ст.50-motanilia m. janaSvilis naSromSi `qarTuli mwerloba“, wigni II, tfilisi, 1909, gv. 111-112).

ras warmoadgens mazdeanoba, anu cecxlTayvanismcemloba da rogor aris asaxuli ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobaSi“ mis winaaRmdeg qristianobis brZola.

mazdeanobas sxvagvarad `zoroastrizms“ uwodeben am religiuri moZRvrebis winaswarmetyvelis - zoroastris“ (zaraTuStra) mixedviT, xolo `mazdeanoba“ am religias uwodes misi uzenaesi RvTaebis - `ahuramazdas“ saxelis mixedviT.

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mazdeanobis qarTuli saxelia cecxlTayvanismcemloba, radgan am religiis wminda gamovlinebaa cecxli – gansaxiereba RvTaebrivi samarTlianobisa.

mazdeanoba, anu zoroastrizmi erTmaneTs upirispirebs or sawyiss - sikeTesa da borotebas, romelTa mudmivi Widili gamarjvebisaTvis msoflios ganviTarebis procesis Sinaars gansazRvravs. adamianis daniSnulebaa arCevani gaakeTos zemoaRniSnul or sawyiss Soris.

mazdeanoba gabatonebuli iyo mraval qveyanaSi, maT Soris Zvel da adrindel Sua saukuneebis iranSi. gavrcelebuli yofila igi qristianobamdec, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic. mcxeTaSi uZvelesi droidan unda arsebuliyo cecxlTayvanismcemelTa dasaxleba, rasac adsturebs mcxeTis mTeli ubnis saxelwodebac – ,,moguTa“, romelic gvianobamde SemorCa.

axali nakadi iranidan, Cans, V-VIss-Si Semovida, rodesac Zlierdeba aRmosavleT saqarTveloze iranelTa gavlena.

qristianoba Tavisi arsebobis manZilze yovelTvis ibrZoda mazdeanobis danergvis winaaRmdeg, rac kargad Cans imdroindel qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi da SeimCneva ,,evstaTis martvilobaSic“, kerZod im epizodSi, sadac evstaTi ekamaTeba mazdean marzapans da cdilobs qristianobis upiratesobis dasabuTebas cecxlTayvanismcemlobasTan SedarebiT.

sanam TxzulebaSi warmodgenil antimazdeanur polemikas SevexebodeT, ganvixiloT erTi konkretuli sakiTxi. zemoT Cven SevexeT kavad mefis mcdelobas, iberebisaTvis ZaliT moexvia Tavs mazdeanoba da movitaneT prokopi kesarielis erTi SexedviT daujerebeli cnoba, rom kavad mefis moTxovniT qarTvelebs sparseli mazdeanelebis msgavsad micvalebulebi miwaSi ki ar unda daemarxaT, aramed isini frinvelebisa da ZaRlebisaTvis unda gadaeyaraT(6, 49, 11).

aqvs Tu ara safuZveli aseT gancxadebas, Tu bizantieli istorikosi raRac yurmokrul ambebs mogviTxrobs? Cven rom CavxedoT mazdeanobisadmi miZRvnil literaturas, davinaxavT, rom prokopi kesarielis gancxadebas realuri safuZveli aqvs: miuxedavad gansxvavebisa indur da farsul (Ze, sparsuli) mazdeanobas Soris micvalebulis movlis wesebSi – pirvelis mixedviT, kremacia, e.i. micvalebulis dawva, xolo meoris mixedviT Ria cis qveS datoveba – maT akavSirebT saerTo mizani, rom suli rac SeiZleba swrafad ganTavisufldes sxeulisagan, raTa ar Caiketos miwaSi gvamTan erTad.

dResac ki is cecxlTayvanismcemelni (zoroastrianelebi, mazdeanebi), romlebic icaven am Cveulebas, fiqroben, rom umjobesia gvami dado mzis qveS, vidre Cafla miwaSi. gansakuTrebiT aRiniSneba `sicocxlis mimniWebeli“ mzis saWiroeba. Zireuli warmarTuli rwmena albaT is iyo, rom ganTavisuflebuli suli adioda maRla, caSi. iranelebis Tayvaniscema cecxlisadmi imdenad Zlieri

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da didi iyo, rom ar SeeZloT amisaTvis gamoeyenebinaT cecxlis gza, kremacia, rogorc amas akeTebdnen maTi indoeli erTmorwmuneni.

erTi sityviT, prokopi kesarielis mier mowodebul cnobaSi mTavari is ki ar aris, rom micvalebuli mxecebs, ZaRlebs da frinvelebs unda SeeWamaT, aramed is, rom micvalebulebi miwaSi ar daemarxaT da Ria cis qveS daedoT, sadac igi, SesaZloa, cxovelebisa da frinvelebis lukmac gamxdariyo. roca Cven gaverkvieT mazdeanuri dasaflavebis wesSi, vnaxoT aisaxa Tu ara igi im qarTul ZeglebSi, romlebic qarTlSi mazdeani sparselebis batonobis periods aRweren, kerZod, ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis“ teqstSi: evstaTi, romelic TbilisSi mihyavT marzapanis samsjavroze, evedreba mcxeTis jvars: `ufalo RmerTo, iesu qriste, ukeTu Rirs-myo me sikudilsa saxelisa SenisaTÂs qristeanebiT, ÃorcTa CemTaÁ nu jer-giCns gangdebaÁ gare da SeWmaÁ ZaRlTa da frinvelTa cisTaÁ, aramed ÃorcTa CemTaÁ brZane aqave moqcevaÁ da damarxvaÁ mcxeTas, sadac naTel-miRebies“ (2, 45).

cxadia, evstaTi evedreba ufals, rom sikvdilis Semdeg igi qristianuli wesiT daasaflaon, mas unda `damarxvaÁ mcxeTas“ da ara mazdeanuri wesiT damarxva - dagdeba mxecTa da frinvelTa sajijgnad.

erTi SexedviT SeZleba mogveCvenos, rom zemoaRweril situaciasTan evstaTis sityvebis damTxveva SemTxveviTia, rom iqve ar iyos gameorebuli TiTqmis iseTive sityvebiT cecxlTayvanismcemelTa es wesi: marzapanma `ubrZana msaxurTa: wariyvaneT ege /e.i. evstaTi/ sapyrobiled da idumal RamiT Tavi warhkueTeT, raÁTa aravin qristeaneTa cnan da pativ-scen guamsa missa da warixueniT Ãorcni misni, qalaqsa gare ganabnieniT SesaWmelad mÃecTa da mfrinvelTa“ (2, 44). da iqve: `xolo guami misi Rame ganiRes gareSe da daagdes mun“ (2, 45).

asevea warmodgenili es wesi im qarTul TxzulebebSi, romlebic qarTlSi cecxlTayvanismcemlobis moZalebis periods aRwers, Tumca isini ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobaze“ gvianaa dawerili. abibos nekreselis wamebis X saukunis teqstSi vkiTxulobT: qviTa gantÂnes igi, netari abibos, da mokles da ganaTries gareSe qalaqsa da mcvelni ganuwesnes mis zeda, raÁTa mÃecTa da mfrinvelTa SeWamnen Ãorcni misni, rameTu eSinoda, nuukue qristianeni movidnen da warixunen da didebiT dahkrZalnen“ (2, 45).

raJden pirvelmowamis Sesaxeb qarTlis cxovrebiseuli Txroba da mis safuZvelze XVIII s-Si besarion orbeliSvilis mier Seqmnili `wamebac“ zustad aseve aRwers gaqristianebuli cecxlTayvanismcemeli sparsis – raJdenis sikvdiliT dasjisa da dasaflavebis ambavs mazdeanTa wesis mixedviT: ̀ mcvelnica... daedginnes usjulosa mas mTavarsa, raÁTa ara auflon aravin qristianeTagansa warRebad guami wmidisa mis da arca daflvad miwasa Sina, aramed raÁTa mÃecTa da mfrinvelTa SeWamon“ (5, 77).

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Cveni azriT, ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis“ avtorisaTvis mazdeanTa dasaflavebis aseTi wesi cnobili iyo, radgan igi momswre da TviTmxilveli iyo mcxeTaSi mcxovreb cecxlTayvanismcemelTa Cveulebebisa, xolo rac Seexeba abibos nekreselisa da raJdenis ,,wamebaTa“ avtorebs, igrZnoba, rom maT es rituali, Zveli wyaroebidan aqvT meqanikurad gadmotanili da gaazrebulia, rogorc damsjelTa sisastike (10, 127-131).

magaliTebi motanilia qarTuli originaluri ,,wamebebidan“ da Tu zogierT mkiTxvels arc Tu damajereblad moeCveneba, movitanT amonawers berZnuli enidan Targmnili erTi Zeglidan - ,,epifane kviprelis cxovreba“, romelic dawerilia IV-Vss. mijnaze TviTmxilveli avtoris mier, xolo epizodi exeba epifanes yofnas IV s-is II naxevarSi mazdeanur iranSi: ,,viTar gamovediT Cuen sasuenebelsa misgan samefosa, aha esera Wabuki vinme mkudari cxedarsa zeda mdebare, rameTu Ze iyo ese erTisa visme mTavrisaÁ. ese ganhqonda ZaRlTaTÂs, raÁTamca miugdes igi SesaWmelad maTda. xolo epifane hrqua maT, romelTa igi mkudari gahqonda: vidre xualT daflvad magisa? hrques maT yovelTa epifanes, viTarmed: cxovrebisaganRa aResrulis, ZaRlTa SesaWmelad arn... rameTu CueulebaÁ ars sparsTaÁ ese, odes aResrulos, ZaRlTa SesaWmelad arn...“ (11, 103).

saqarTveloSi mazdeanobis gaZlierebasTan erTad qristianobas Zneli brZola uxdeboda Tavis dasacavad. Tavdacvis erTi iaraRTagani iyo literaturul-filosofiuri polemika cecxlTayvvnismcemlobis winaaRmdeg, romlis mizans warmoadgenda am sarwmunoebis diskreditireba, misi rwmenis Seryeva da qristianuli religiis upiratesobis warmoCineba. es brZola bevr sirTulesTan iyo dakavSirebuli, radgan mazdeanoba jer kidev qarTlSi qristianobis damkvidrebamde warmoadgenda erT-erT gabatonebul religias aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, xolo qristianobis miRebisa da ganviTarebis Semdegac qarTlSi sparselebis batonobasTan erTad xelaxla aRorZinda da qristianobasTan dapirispirebul saSiS Zalad iqca, gansakuTrebiT V-VI saukuneebSi.

cecxlTayvanismcemloba qristianobas ebrZoda ara marto fizikurad, aramed literaturuli saSualebiTac. mematiane gadmogvcems, rom arCil mefem `dasva episkoposi, romelsa erqua mobidan. ese iyo naTesavad sparsi da aCuenebda igi marTlmadideblobasa, xolo iyo vinme mogÂ usjulo... da romeli farulad werda wignebsa yovlisa sacTurebisasa“ (8, 142).

cxadia, es mobidan farulad mogvi iyo, xolo gancxadebulad viTom qristiani, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, qristiani mefe mas qarTuli eklesiis meTaurad ar dasvamda. am gziT ki avrcelebda qristianobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul wignebs.

Tqma ar unda, rom qarTvelebi, ramdenadac SeeZloT, ebrZodnen cecxlTayvanismcemlobis gavrcelebas – qarTlidan aZevebdnen am moZRvrebis aqtiur gamavrceleblebs, an maT Txzulebebs cecxlSi wvavdnen. igive mematiane

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gadmogvcems: `Semdgomad dawua yoveli werili misi (mobidanis) WeSmaritman episkoposman miqael“ (8, 142).

akad. k. kekeliZis dakvirvebiT, `sagangebo, specialuri Txzulebebi cecxlTayvanismcemlobis winaaRmdeg arc bizantiasa da romSi iwereboda, vinaidan iqaur qristianobas cecxlTayvanismcemlobasTan uSualod saqme ar hqonda. mxolod apologetebi (qristianobis damcvelni), sxvaTa Soris gakvriT exebodnen cecxlis stiqionsac, romelic mazdeanobis mTavari safuZvelia. qarTveli mwerlebi mazdeanobasTan brZolaSi swored amgvar masalas iyenebdnen, romelsac urTavdnen xolme im pirTa `martvilobaSi“, romelnic mazdeanobis msxverplni gaxdnen CvenSi“ (12, 43-44).

pirveli Txzuleba, romelSic mocemulia antimazdeanuri polemika, swored ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobaa“. Txzulebis avtoris umTavresi argumenti cecxlTayvanismcemlobis winaaRmdeg is debulebaa, rom is, rac Seqmnilia RmerTis an adamianis mier, ar SeiZleba iyos RmerTi da Tayvaniscemis sagani: `cecxli ara RmerT ars amiT, rameTu cecxli kacman aRagznis da kacmanve daSritis, rameTu kaci ufal ars cecxlisa. amisaTÂs ara RmerTi ars cecxli. Tu visme ganeris da warvidis, rasac mihmarTis, gina tyesa, gina velsa, gina saxlsa, Tu kaci daxudis, da-ve-wÂs. xolo cecxlsa-Ra wyali mieaxlis, egodeni igi Zali cecxlisaÁ daSritos da uCino iqmnis cecxli igi. amiT ara RmerT ars, xolo Cuen RmrTad gurwams. xolo Cuen RmerTman cecxli samsaxurebelad moguca, yinelisa gansatfobelad da yovlisa sanovagisa saqmarad da, odes gÂnebn, aRvagzniT da odes gÂnebn, davSritiT. esreT ara RmerT ars cecxli igi“ (2, 43).

Txzulebis avtori logikuri msjelobiT da TvalsaCino magaliTebiT cdilobs, daamtkicos debuleba, rom cecxli ar SeiZleba RmerTi iyos da upirispirebs mas RmerTis qristianul gagebas: `mrwmena me RmerTi dausabamoÁ da ZÀ misi iesu qriste da suli wmidaÁ misi“ (2, 42).

TxzulebaSi ganqiqebulia warmarTuli astraluri kultic, romlis gadmonaSTebi jer kidev sabolood ar iyo daZleuli saqarTveloSi: `mzÀ da mTovarÀ da vaskulavni ara RmerT arian, aramed RmerTman mzesa ganaTlebaÁ dRisa ubrZana da mTovaresa da varskulavTa ganaTlebaÁ Ramisa ubrZana, xolo RmerT ara arian“ (2, 42-43).

k. kekeliZis gamokvleviT, ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis“ avtori antimazdeanuri da antiwarmarTuli polemikis sakiTxebis warmoCenisaTvis iyenebs aTineli filosofosis - aristides apologias, romelic mas qristianobis dasacavad dauweria da 125 wlisaTvis miurTmevia romis imperator adrianesaTvis.

,,evstaTis martvilobis“ avtori icnobda aristides apologias romeliRac CvenTvis ucnobi wyaros saSualebiT. am azrs amtkicebs ,,evstaTis martvilobisa“ da aristides apologiis ara marto Sinaarsobrivi siaxlove antimazdeanur

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da antiwarmarTul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, aramed zogierTi teqstobrivi Tanxvedris magaliTebic.

Txzulebis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi da maTi Seswavlis istoria. Txroba iwyeba qronologiuri miTiTebiT, rom evstaTi mcxeTaSi Camovida sparseTSi xuasros mefobis (531-579ww.) meaTe wels, e.i. 541 wels, rodesac qarTlis marzapanad arvand guSnaspi iyo. es TariRi safuZvelia momdevno movlenebis dasaTariReblad, Tumca am Zeglis Seswavlis adreul etapze wamoiWra dava imis Sesaxeb, Tu TxzulebaSi romeli xosro igulisxmeboda – pirveli Tu meore?

jer kidev mari brosem evstaTis wamebis dro xosro II farvizis mefobis xanaSi (590-628ww.) gadaitana (13, 227). aseve fiqrobda dimitri baqraZec da evstaTis wamebis TariRad xosro II-is gamefebis meaTe wels varaudobda, e.i. 600 wels (14, 191).

daaxloebiT amave dros gulisxmobda T. Jordania (15, 56), xolo m. janaSvili 590 wels (16, 112-113). bolo wlebSi m. CxartiSvilma, ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba“ VIIs. I naxevris Zeglad miiCnia (17, 28-42).

iv. javaxiSvilisa da k. kekeliZis gamorkveviT, ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis“ dasawyisi gulisxmobs xosro I-is mefobas, Tumca evstaTis wamebis konkretuli TariRis Sesaxeb maT gansxvavebuli pozicia aqvT.

amrigad, Cven unda virwmunoT samecniero literaturaSi amJamad damkvidrebuli azri da evstaTis mcxeTaSi Camosaxlebis TariRad 541 weli vaRiaroT. am TariRze dayrdnobiT da Txzulebis sxva monacemebiT unda ganisazRvros evstaTis wamebis droc. es aris 544-545 wlebi iv. javaxiSvilis gamokvleviT (18, XXXVIII), xolo 551w. k. kekeliZis mtkicebiT (9, 511).

evstaTi mcxeTelis wamebis daaxloebiTi TariRi 544-545 wlebiT unda ganisazRvros, rogorc gvTavazobs iv. javaxiSvili.

erT-erTi sakamaTo sakiTxi, romelic wamoiWra samecniero literaturaSi, exeba evstaTis biografiis erT moments: sad miiRo qristianuli naTlisReba evstaTim – ganZakSi, e.i. sparseTSi, Tu mcxeTaSi?

am sakiTxis garkvevaSi isev iv. javaxiSvili da k. kekeliZe daupirispirdnen erTmaneTs. `evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis“ erTi adgili safuZvels aZlevs iv. javaxiSvils gancxadebisaTvis – evstaTi spaseTSi moinaTla qristianad da Txzulebis mtkiceba, rom evstaTim qristianoba mcxeTaSi miiRo, gviandeli gadakeTeba-Camatebis Sedegia, riTac Txzulebis avtori cdilobs dafaros, rom evstaTi sparseTis eklesiis Svili, radgan am dros sparseTSi nestorianoba da monofizitoba iyo gabatonebuli30 (19, 68). cxadia, mtkicebas realuri safuZveli ara aqvs, radgan bevr pirobiTobas eyrdnoba, romelTa mtkicebisaTvis xelSesaxebi masala ar arsebobs.

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k. kekeliZis azriT, `Tu vismes marTla azrad hqonda warexoca kvali evstaTis sparseTis eklesiis Svilobisa, ra mizniTac es ar unda yofiliyo, amisTvis is pirvelad mospobda im cnobebs, romelnic mis sparsul warmoSobas amJRavnebda“ (9, 512).

k. kekeliZis daskvniT, evstaTim sparseTSi samoel arqidiakonis moZRvrebiT da zegavleniT irwmuna qriste, gaqristianda rwmeniT, xolo mcxeTaSi samoel kaTalikosis mier moinaTla da qristiani gaxda. TxzulebaSi dadasturebuli cnobebi, rom `movida igi qalaqad mcxeTad... Seiyuara man rCuli qristianobaÁ da rwmena qriste... da naTeli miiRo“ (2, 30), anda aseTi vedreba: `ÃorcTa CemTaÁ brZane aqve moqcevaÁ da damarxvaÁ mcxeTas, sadaca naTel-miRebies“ (2, 35) ar SeiZleba interpolaciis (e.i. gviandeli Camateba-Casworebis) Sedegi iyos. Txzulebis dasawyisSive naTqvamia, rom mcxeTaSi Camovida 30 wlis sparseli, romelic `warmarTi iyo“ da `saxel erqua mas gÂrobandak“, xolo monaTvlis Semdeg `uwodes saxeli evstaTi“. yovelive amis Semdeg naTelia, rom sparseTidan igi warmarTi Camovida da mcxeTaSi moinaTla.

sainteresoa erTi SexedviT arcTu mniSvnelovani detali: evstaTi mcxeTaSi moinaTla, rogorc Txzuleba mogviTxrobs, samoel qarTlis kaTalikosis mier da warmarTuli sparsuli gvirobandakis nacvlad uwodes saxeli evstaTi. bunebrivia, ibadeba kiTxva: naTlobis dros mosanaTlavisaTvis, romelic sxva sarwmunoebidan gadmovida, axali, qristianuli saxelis darqmeva aucilebelia, Tu nebayoflobiTi?

saeklesio wesebiT cnobilia, rom Tuki morwmune monazvnad aRikveceba, erT-erTi savaldebulo moTxovnaTagania saero saxelis Secvla, riTac xazgasmulia am morwmunis sruli Camocileba saero cxovrebisagan, magram sxva sarwmunoebidan qristianobaze gadmosvlis SemTxvevaSi iyo Tu ara es savaldebulo? rogorc ,,evstaTis martvilobidan“ Cans, saxelis gamocvla nebayoflobiTi iyo, es naTlad irkveva sxva gaqristianebuli sparselebis saxelebidan: TxzulebaSi isini mxolod sparsuli warmarTuli saxelebiT ixsenebian: `erTsa guSnak hrqvan da erTsa baxdiad, erTsa burzo, erTsa panaguSnasp, erTsa perozak, erTsa zarmil“ (2, 32). vTqvaT, aq saxelebs CamoTvlis cecxlTayvanismcemeli sparsi, romelmac daasmina isini cixisTavTan maTi qristianobisaTvis da is maT Zveli, sparsuli saxelebiT moixseniebs, magram aseve axsenebs maT Txzulebis qristiani avtoric:

`xolo netari evstaTi da guSnak da borzo da perozak da zarmil... mtkiced dges sarwmunoebasa zeda“, xolo `mas Jamsa eSmaki SeuÃda gulsa baxdiadissa da panaguSnaspissa da uaryves qriste“ (2, 33).

cxadia, maT rom axali, qristianuli saxelebi rqmeodaT, avtors aucileblad ecodineboda iseve, rogorc man icoda maTi warmarTuli saxelebi.

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Semdegi sakamaTo sakiTxia, rodis daiwera Txzuleba da rogoria sarwmunoebrivi pozicia avtorisa.

faqtia, Txzuleba dawera ZeglSi aRwerili movlenebis Tanamedrovem da TviTmxilvelma. am faqtze miuTiTebs erTi fraza, romelic evstaTisTan erTad sapyrobilidan ganTavisuflebuli gaqristianebuli cecxlTayvanismcemeli sparselebis misamarTiT aris naTqvami: `romelman maTganman nebiTa RmrTisaÁTa Seisuena Jamad-Jamad da romelnime cocxal arian“ (2, 34).

Tuki evstaTis mowameobas adgili hqonda 544-546 wlebSi da igi TviTmxilvelis aRwerilia, cxadia, misi dawera Vs. II naxevris 70-ian wlebs ver gadascildeba, rogorc amas k. kekeliZe varaudobs, Tuki vigulisxmebT, rom `martviloba“ mowiful adamians unda Seeqmna. evstaTis wamebidan Txzulebis daweramde sakmao xani unda gasuliyo, razedac miuTiTebs zemoT motanili sityvebi.

Txzulebis wyaroebis Sesaxeb. gakvriT am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb zemoTac gvqonda saubari, rodesac SevexeT II s. berZeni filosofosis - aristides apologiis kvals ,,evstaTis martvilobaSi. marTalia, es Txzuleba V s-is Sua wlebSi qarTulad Targmnili SeiZleba ar yofiliyo, rom am TargmaniT esargebla Txzulebis qarTlel avtors, magram am Txzulebis nawyvetebis arseboba IVs-is istorikosTa (evsebi kesarieli) da saeklesio mamebis (netari ieronime) SromebSi, agreTve apologiis sruli teqstis IV saukunis siriuli an Vs-is somxuri Targmani, SesaZlebelia, xelmisawvdomi yofiliyo ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis wamebis“ avtorisaTvis. (12, 44).

qristianuli sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb Txrobas samoel mTavardiakoni, romelsac evstaTim jer kidev ganZakSi yofnis dros sTxova, gaecno misTvis am sarwmunoebis istoria, iwyebs uZvelesi bibliuri ambebiT, ebrauli sarwmunoebis ZiriTadi momentebiT da amTavrebs saxarebis sakmaod vrceli Sinaarsis gadmocemiT.

TvalSi sacemia, rom ,,evstaTis martvilobis“ avtoris mier warmodgenili Zveli da axali aRTqmis Sinaarsis teqsti araTu zustad ar emTxveva bibliis kanonikuri wignebis teqsts, zogjer Sinaarsobriv sxvaobasac ki iCens ; gansakuTrebiT es unda iTqvas saxarebis Sesaxeb. k. kekeliZe varaudobs, rom ,,evstaTis martvilobaSi“ warmodgenili unda iyos Sinaarsi Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebis e.w. ,,Targumebisa“, romlebic SesaZlebelia arsebobdnen siriul, sparsul an qarTul enazec.

k. kekeliZe ganmartavs, rom ,,Targumebis“ warmoSobas aseTi istoria aqvs : `Zvelma ebraelebma... rodesac daiviwyes dedaena da qaldeur-arameulze daiwyes laparaki, saWiro Seiqna maTTvis bibliis teqstis qaldeur-arameulad Targmaneba. es Targmaneba, Tavdapirvelad zepiri, Semdeg Caiwera da aqedan warmodga arameuli Targumebi, romlebic ufro parafrazia, vidre namdvili

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Targmani teqstisa. Targumisti, am SemTxvevaSi, did Taviseburebas iCens: is bibliis teqsts xan umatebs, xan aklebs da scvlis kidevac“ (9, 457-458).

ueWvelia, Txzulebis avtori icnobs basili didis 40 sebastieli mowamis Sesxmas (20), an maT Sesaxeb Seqmnil hagiografiul Txzulebas (21), rasac adasturebs evstaTis mier locvis dros warmoTqmuli sityvebi :

`ufalo RmerTo, romelman ismine locvaÁ pirvelTa maT mowameTaÁ, romelni piriTa maxÂlisaÁTa moswydes, romelnime tbasa Sina yinuliTa, romelnime zRuaTa Sina STayriTa moswydes“ (2, 44). mowameTa masobrivi daxrCobis sxva SemTxveva yinulovan tbaSi cnobili ar aris.

p. ingoroyvas gamoTqmuli aqvs mosazreba, rom ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis“ avtorma Tavis TxzulebaSi gamoiyena erT-erTi uZvelesi naTargmni hagiografiuli Zegli - `kalistrates wameba“1 (romlis erTaderTi teqsti ,,evstaTis martvilobis“ uZveles teqstTan erTad moTavsebulia zemoxsenebul Xs. H-341 xelnawerSi). sakiTxis sagangebod Seswavlam ar daadastura es mosazreba. qristianuli sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb msjeloba misi istoriis gadmocemiT orive ZeglSi aris dadasturebuli, orive ZeglSi yuradReba maxvildeba saRvTo werilis wignebidan amokrefil sakvanZo sakiTxebze, magram es adgilebi ise gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan, imdenad gansxvavebul epizodebzea laparaki, rom ar SeiZleba ,,evstaTis martvilobis“ avtors `kalistrates wamebiT“ esargebla, rogorc es T. canavam gaarkvia (22, 3-6). `kalistrates wameba“ VII s-Si berZnulidan naTargmni Txzuleba unda iyos, rogorc amas T. canava amtkicebs da ara V saukuneSi somxuridan, rogorc amas p. ingoroyva fiqrobda.

bunebrivia, Cven aRarafers vambobT `evstaTis martvilobaSi“ bibliis wignebidan adgilebis zust citirebaze, rac Txzulebis avtoris mier wyarod gamoyenebul literaturas miekuTvneba.

samoxeleo ierarqia da socialuri sakiTxebi. ,,evstaTis martvilobidan» Cans, rom am dros qarTlSi qarTvel mefeTa xelisufleba gauqmebulia da qveynis uzenaesi mmarTveloba sparseTis mefis, anu Sahis moxeles – marzapans upyria. misi uflebebi am qveyanaSi SeuzRudvelia : `yovlisa kacisa qarTlisa mas Ãel-ewifebis sikudili da cxorebaÁ“ (2, 32).

aseTi moxele qarTlSi im drosac arsebobda, rodesac qarTls qarTveli mefe marTavda, Tumca igi vasalur damokidebulebaSi iyo sparseTTan da mis winaSe marzapani albaT Sahis warmomadgenlis, ufro ki, meTvalyuris rolSi gamodioda.

marzapans emorCilebodnen qarTlis sxvadasxva kuTxeebis cixe-qalaqebSi sparselebis mier Cayenebuli jaris sardlebi, cixisTavebi, rogorc es Cans ,,evstaTis wamebis“ mixedviT, mcxeTis cixisTav ustams, iv. javaxiSvilis sityvebiT, `sasamarTlo saqmeebis gamoZiebis uflebac hqonda da msubuqi

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danaSaulis Sesaxeb msjavris dadebac SeeZlo. xolo roca borotmoqmedi sikvdliT unda dasjiliyo, maSin cixisTavs damnaSave gamoZiebuli cnobebiTurT marzapanTan unda gaestumrebina“, TviT ustami ambobs, rom : àmis kacisa patiJi me araraÁ Ãelmewifebis, arca aRbmaÁ ZelTa, arca pyrobilebaÁ“. `martvilobis“ mixedvT, am periodis qarTlis sparsel moxeleTa gverdiT Canan qarTveli didebulebic, romlebic monawileoben qveynis gamgeobaSic, Tumca maT albaT mxolod marzapanis meTvalyureobis qveS qveynis Sinauri saqmeebis mogvareba evalebodaT.

am periodis Sesaxeb qarTveli istorikosi sumbat daviTis Ze ambobs : `vinaÁTgan moaklda mefoba SvilTa gorgaslisaTa, miT JamiTgan epyra ufleba qarTlisa aznaurTa“ (8, 373).

aseTi didebulebi moxseniebulia ,,evstaTis martvilobaSic“, romelTac `mTavarni qarTlisani” ewodeba : `raJams amÃedrdeboda marzapani igi, aRdges mTavarni qarTlisani... da marzapansa hrques“ (2,34). aq unda igulisxmebodnen sxvadasxva Tanamdebobis qarTveli aznauri moxeleebi, romelTagan gamorCeulad evstaTis martvilobaSi dasaxelebulia : `grigoli, qarTlisa mamasaxlisi, da arSuSa, qarTlisa pitiaxSi“. `pitiaxSi“ sparsuli samoxeleo titulia. rogorc `SuSanikis wamebidan“ Cans, igi Sahis interesebis damcveli qarTveli didebulia, romelic warmodgenilia qarTlis mefis winaSe (varsqen pitiaxSi vaxtang gorgasalTan), xolo umefobis periodSi imave Tanamdebobis piria da qarTveli didebuli, oRond marzapanis meurveobis qveS, rogorc es evstaTis martvilobidan Cans (arSuSa pitiaxSi rom qarTvelia, iqidan Cans, rom igi moxseniebulia qarTvel didebulebs Soris).

ufro gaurkvevelia TxzulebaSi moxseniebuli `qarTlis mamasaxlisis“ funqcia umefobis drois qarTlis mmarTvelobaSi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom mamasaxlisoba uZvelesi droidan SemorCenili samoxeleo saxelwodeba aris, magram ra Tanamdeboba hqonda im dros da riT ganirCeoda misi ufleba qarTlis erisTavisa da qarTlis pitiaxSis uflebisagan, amis gamokvleva, cnobis uqonlobis gamo, SeuZlebelia. mxolod unda vivaraudoT, rom Tu pitiaxSi Sahis an marzapanis mier SeirCeoda da iniSneboda, mamasaxliss, albaT qarTveli didebulebi irCevdnen da is maTi interesebis damcveli iyo.

èvstaTis wamebaSi“ sazogadoebis dabali fenac Cans. Txzulebis mTavari gmiri evstaTi mcxeTaSi CamosvlisTanave `meÃamleobas“ anu mewaReobas Seiswavlis. rogorc Cans, `meÃamleoba“ da mejadageoba anu mejRaneoba mcxeTaSi Camosaxlebuli sparselebis ZiriTadi xeloba iyo, radgan cecxlTayvaniscemelTa dResaswaulze `tozikobaze“, rogorc mas èvstaTis martvilobis“ avtori uwodebs, `Sekrbes sparsni, romelni mcxeTas iyvnes, mejadageni da meÃamleni, tozikobdes“ (2, 30). rogorc Cans, maT TavianTi `sazogadoeba“, amqari hqoniaT.

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gakvirvebas iwvevs `evstaTis martvilobis“ erTi adgili : `da viTar waremarTebodes... tfiliss, hrqua evstaTi sidedrsa da colsa da SvilTa TÂsTa, da mona-mÃevalTa TÂsTa“ (2, 34).

gamodis, rom mewaRes Tavisi mona-mxevlebic hyolia, rasac SesaZleblad miiCnevs iv. javaxiSvili: `mona-mxevlebis yola, rogorc Cans, Cveulebrivi movlena yofila: aramcTu did aznaurs, aramed vis - ubralo xelosansac monamxevlebi hyolia“ (23, 321).

xom ar SeiZleba, aq iseTi situacia warmovidginoT, rom gavamarTloT Txzulebis es mtkiceba: evstaTi, romelic jer gaqristianda, xolo Semdeeg SeirTo qristiani meuRle, zedsiZed Sevida SeZlebuli qarTveli qristianis ojaxSi (razedac unda miuTiTebdes gamomSvidobeba saxlis wevrebTan, romelTa CamoTvla sidedriT iwyeba), romelsac hyavda mona-mxevlebi da, bunebrivia, evstaTic maTi `ufali“ gaxda. sxvagvarad warmoudgenelia, rom sul raRac naxevari an erTi wlis gadmoxvewil sparsels, isic mewaRes, mcxeTaSi mona-mxevlebis SeZena moeswro. TxzulebaSi moxseniebuli `saxleulni“, romelnic tfilisSi marzapanis samsjavroSi mimaval evstaTis `mostirodes“, swored im ojaxis saxlis wevrebi arian, romelnic meuRlesTan erTad SeiZina evstaTim (24, 95-96).

radgan Cven koreqtivi SevitaneT Txzulebis erTi adgilis gagebaSi, aqve SevexebiT teqstis im adgils, sadac evstaTis qorwinebazea saubari ,,viTar iswava meÃamleobaÁ, iTxova man coli qristianÀ da TviT qristiane iqmna da naTel moiRo“ (2, 30). k. kekeliZe Txzulebis teqsts amave TanmimdevrobiT ganixilavs : ,,aq dasaxlebis Semdeg is swavlobs mexamleobas. Seiswavla is da merme SeirTo coli, eyola Svilebi (Tbiliss meored wasvlis win is elaparaka sxvaTa Soris ,,SvilTa TÂsTa“), ufro gulmodgined swavlobda qristianobas da qristianTa zne Cveulebebs da bolos moinaTla“ (9, 510). motanili komentari ar eTanxmeba saeklesio kanonmdeblobis arc naTargmn da arc originalur Zeglebs. marTalia, Txzulebis teqsti, erTi SexedviT, jer qorwinebaze laparakobs da Semdeg naTlisRebaze, magram es lafsusi avtors an uyuradRebobiT mosvlia, an kidev es ori movlena – jvriswerac da naTlisRebac erT ritualad aqvs warmdgenili, oRond jer naTlisReba da Semdeg jvriswera. yovlad SeuZlebelia, rom evstaTis jer jvari daeweros, hyoloda Svilebi da Semdeg monaTluliyo. dawvrilebiT ixileT Cvens specialur werilSi ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis“ irgvliv (24, 91-95).

nawarmoebis ideuri mizandasaxuloba da sxva literaturuli sakiTxebi. `martvilobaÁ da moTminebaÁ wmidisa evstaTi mcxeTelisaÁ“-s saTaurSi TiTqmis srulad aris warmoCinebuli Txzulebis Tema – Vs. Sua wlebSi sparseTidan mcxeTaSi Camosaxlebuli mazdeani gvirobandakis mier mamapapiseuli sarwmunoebis

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uaryofa da qristianad monaTvla, rac sababi gaxda qarTlis marzapanis mier misi sikvdiliT dasjisa.

avtoris mier Temis SerCeva qarTvel morwmuneTa gasaZliereblad da gasamxneveblad sparselebis qarTlSi batonobis periodSi SemTxveviTi ar iyo. faqtia, TxzulebaSi aRweril ambavs, avtoris mizandasaxulobiT, didi sasikeTo gavlena unda moexdina im meryev qarTvel qristianebzec, romelTac Seqmnili istoriuli viTarebis Sesabamisad da piraduli keTildReobis mizniT, SesaZloa, mtris sarwmunoeba, cecxlTayvanismcemloba mieRoT, risi magaliTebic Txzulebis avtors, albaT, sakmaod hqonda.

aseT viTarebaSi im faqts, rom dampyrobeli eris Svilma dapyrobili xalxis sarwmunoeba miiRo, udidesi moraluri zemoqmedeba unda moexdina qarTlSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebisaTvis. avtoris mier TxzulebaSi warmodgenili qristianobisa da sxva religiebis, gansakuTrebiT cecxlTayvanismcemlobis dapirispireba da qristianobis upiratesobis warmoCena, ZiriTad miznad Cvens qveyanaSi qristianobis ganmtkicebas isaxavda.

Txzulebis avtori gansakuTrebulad warmoaCens evstaTis simtkices qristianobis SenarCunebisaTvis brZolaSi. sikvdilis muqaram da col-SvilTan samudamod ganSorebis SiSma ver sZlia qristianuli sarwmunoebis siyvaruls.

evstaTis mier naTlisRebis dros dadebuli sityvis simtkice TxzulebaSi dapirispirebulia marzapanis sicruesTan; igi didZal saCuqrebsa da pativs Sepirda im gaqristianebul sparselebs, vinc mamapapiseul sjuls daubrundeboda, magram roca orma maTganma irwmuna marzapanis sityvebi da daubrunda cecxlTayvanismcemlobas ,,safasesa da keTilsa, romelsa uqadebda maT, arca fsiridi erTi misca maT“ (2, 33). avtori ar zogavs qristes moRalateebs. igi sagangebod aRniSnavs ori gaqristianebuli sparselis isev cecxlTayvanismcemlobaze dabrunebas marzapanis muqaris Semdeg, rasac, avtoris TqmiT, mohyva maTi fizikuri Tu sulieri sikvdili:

,,xolo romelTa-igi uvar-yves: baxdiad eSmakeul iqmna da Znelad mokvda, xolo ubadrukma panaguSnasp glaxakobiTa agna dReni, romelsa puri saWmelad ara aqunda da ÃorcTa safarveli samoslad ara epoveboda da vidre cocxal iyo, urviT da WiriT iyvnes dReni misni“ (2, 34).

Txzuleba mxatvruli xerxebiT, personaJebis individualurobisa da xasiaTebis warmoCeniT, ver Seedreba gamorCeul qarTul hagiografiul Zeglebs, magram Tavisi akademiuri, mkacri logikuri TxrobiT mniSvnelovan istoriul-literaturul Zeglad unda CavTvaloT. TxzulebaSi gadmocemuli movlenebi TviTmxilvelis mier aris aRwerili da mkiTxvelze waruSlel STabeWdilebas axdens.

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evstaTi gviandel mwerlobaSi. VI s-is II naxevarSi Seqmnili hagiografiuli Zegli wyaro gaxda evstaTis Sesaxeb dawerili gviandeli Txzulebebisa, romelTac mxolod literaturuli Rirebuleba aqvT da araviTari sayuradRebo istoriuli cnoba ar SeeZloT daematebinaT Zveli wyaros monacemebisaTvis.

1769 wels anton I kaTalikosma dawera ,,martirika“, romelSic Seitana mis mier dawerili oci martvilologiuri Txzuleba qarTuli eklesiis mowameTa Sesaxeb, romelTagan TiToeuls ,,Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa“ ewodeba. ,,sityuaÁ meaTerTmete“-Si, e.i. rigiT meTerTmeted am wignSi warmodgenilia ,,Sesxma da moTxroba RuawlTa da vnebaTa wmidisa didisa mowamisa evstaTi mcxeTelisaTa, qmnili antonis mier arxiepiskoposisa yovlisa zemoÁTa saqarTveloÁsa, daviTian-bagratovanisa“ (25, 208-228).

cxadia, antons ar SeeZlo ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis“ Zveli teqstisaTvis raime axali faqti daematebina, magram TvalnaTliv Cans, rom mas Seucvlia Zveli Txzulebis Txrobis Tanmimdevroba da Tavis TxzulebaSi damatebiT ,,qarTlis cxovrebiseuli“ ramdenime faqti Seutania, romelic im dros saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebs exeba.

,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis“ V s-is. teqsti gamxdara wyaro am mowamis ori svinaqsaruli teqstisaTvis (eklesiaSi misi xsenebis dRes – 29 ivliss wasakiTxavi mokle biografiisaTvis), romlebic XVIII s-is I naxevarze adre ar aris Seqmnili (26, 385-387). pirveli maTgani (A-220, 1726 w.) SedarebiT vrcelia da warmoadgens Zveli ,,wamebis“, daaxloebiT erTgverdian Sinaarss wyaros ZiriTadi faqtebis ganmeorebiT, xolo meore (H-535, XVIII s.) ramdenime striqoniani cnobaa mogvi evstaTis mcxeTaSi mosvlisa, misi gaqristianebisa da sparselebis mier misi wamebis Sesaxeb, romelSic erTi Secdomac kia daSvebuli: evstaTis sikvdiliT dasjas avtori marzapan guSnasps abralebs maSin, roca sinamdvileSi evstaTisaTvis Tavis mokveTis brZaneba marzapanma veJan buzmirma gasca.

evstaTi mcxeTels Tavis ,,wyobilsityvaobaSi“ sami iambikuri strofi miuZRvna anton I-ma (27, 125).

Txzulebis xelnawerebi da gamocemebi. ,,martÂlobaÁ da moTminebaÁ wmidisa evstaTi mcxeTelisaÁ“ Cvenamde cxra xelnaweriT aris moRweuli, romelTagan uZvelesi XI s. xelnawers (H-341) warmoadgens, eqvsi – XVIII s-isaa, sxvadasxva wlebisaa (A – 130, 1713 w, A -170, 1733 w. H – 2077, 1736 w. H – 1672, 1740 w. A – 176, 1743 w. H – 2121, 1748w.), xolo ori XIX saukunisaa (S – 3637, 1838 w. da leningr. M – 21, 1842 w.). amaTgan, cxadia, uZveles H – 341 xelnawers gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba danarCen gviandel xelnawerebTan SedarebiT.

H – 341 xelnaweri ZiriTadad warmoadgens naTargmn hagiografiul krebuls da evstaTis martviloba am krebulSi Sesuli erTaderTi qarTuli Txzulebaa.

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rogorc Cans, krebulis gadamwers igi Tavisi iniciativiT daurTavs sul bolos (gv. 831-866).

Txzuleba pirvelad gamosca m. sabininma 1882 w. Tavis cnobil krebulSi ,,saqarTvelos samoTxe”. gamocema efuZneba mxolod erT, 1748 w. xelnawers H-2121 da, ra Tqma unda, kritikul gamocemas ver vuwodebT, radgan ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli sxva xelnawerebis monacemebi. gamomcemels aseTi miznebi ar hqonia da, Tanac, rogorc Cans, arc xeli miuwvdeboda yvela xelnawerze. safiqrebelia, rom bevri maTganis arseboba misTvis cnobilic ar iyo. miuxedavad amisa, am gamocemam, romelmac pirvelma gaacno qarTul sazogadoebas ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis” teqsti, Tavisi adgili daikava filologiur mecnierebaSi.

Txzulebis Seswavlis istoriaSi axali safexuri iyo s. kakabaZis mier 1928 wels Sesrulebuli meore gamocema (saistorio krebuli, wigni III, gv. 80-94). am gamocemis mniSvneloba, upirveles yovlisa, ganisazRvreba imiT, rom teqstis gamocema eyrdnoba ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis” uZveles, XI s-is xelnawers H-341. s. kakabaZem dasaxelebuli xelnaweris zogierTi dazianebuli adgilis aRsadgenad moiSvelia 1733 wlis xelnaweri A –170.

,,evstaTis martvilobis” mesame gamocema, romelic moamzada da Tavis ,,Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia”-Si warmoadgina s. yubaneiSvilma 1946 wels, pirveli gamocemaa, romelSic gamoyenebulia Txzulebis Cvenamde moRweuli TiTqmis yvela xelnaweri (leningr. M-21, 1842 w. xelnaweris garda), rogorc amas gamomcemeli gvauwyebs, Tumca gamocemuli teqstis sqolioebSi xelnawerTa Cveneba warmodgenili ar aris.

momdevno gamocema, Sesrulebuli iv. imnaiSvilis mier 1949 w. ,,qarTuli enis istoriuli qrestomaTia” da gadabeWdilia am wignis meore (1953) da mesame (1970) gamocemebSi, daaxloebiT imeorebs s. kakabaZis gamocemis princips – teqsti gamocemulia uZvelesi H-341 xelnaweris mixedviT. damatebiT gamoiyenebulia A-170 da A-176 xelnawerebic.

Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis” teqstis pirveli mecnierul-kritikuli gamocema Sesrulda 1964 wels k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa institutis mecnier-TanamSromelTa mier il. abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqtorobiT. masSi gamoyenebulia Cvenamde moRweuli uklebliv yvela xelnaweri (cxra) da TiToeuli maTganis kiTxva-sxvaobebi naCvenebia gamocemuli teqstis sqolioebSi. es gamocema warmodgenilia wignSi ,,Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi”, wigni I, gv.30-45.

gamocemebSi dRes TiTqmis aRar aris xazgasmuli erTi teqstologiuri niuansi: Txzulebis bolosken, sadac saxarebis Sinaarsis gadmocema wydeba - ,,da rCuli qristianobisaÁ icied kacTa, mieriTgan daiÃsna da ganqarda uwesoÁ igi saqmeÀ” –

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da momdevno sityvebs - ,,xolo amas gevedrebi, ufalo Cveno, iesu qriste, raÁTa gvami Cemi daimarxos mcxeTas” Soris Txzulebas, SesaZloa, karga mozrdili nawili akldes. es naTlad Cans Txrobis Seusabamo gadasvliT, magram ramdeni aklia, amisi gansazRvra dRes Znelia. SeuZlebelia imis dadgenac, Tu rogor gagrZelda kamaTi evstaTisa da marzapans Soris cecxlTayvanismcemlobisa da qristianobis Sesaxeb.

bolo gamocema ekuTvnis e. WeliZes wignSi: Zveli qarTuli saeklesio literatura, Tbilisi, 2005, 309-478. warmodgenilia ,,wamebis” teqsti, Targmani Tanamedrove enaze, kritikuli teqsti da vrceli komentarebi.

es Txzuleba ramdenjerme daibeWda sxvadasxva xasiaTis literaturul krebulSi. 1959 wels ,,Cveni saunjis” I tomSi dabeWdili teqsti gadmobeWdilia ,,Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTiidan”, 1978 wels msoflio literaturis Zeglebis seriiT gamosul ,,Zveli qarTuli literaturis” I tomSi dabeWdili ,,evstaTis wamebis teqsti” gadabeWdilia ,,Zveli qarTuli hagiografiuli literaturis Zeglebis” I wignidan, aqedanvea es teqsti gadmotanili ,,qarTuli prozis” I t-Si, 1984 w., xolo aqedan 1987 wels - ,,qarTuli mwerlobis” I tomSi.

albaT, saWiroa aRiniSnos isic, rom m. SaraZem ,,evstaTis martviloba” Targmna Tanamedrove qarTul enaze da gamosca TbilisSi 1899 wels.

pirvelad ,,evstaTis wameba” rusulad 1872 wels Targmna m. sabininma, jer kidev manamde, sanam ganaxorcielebda qarTuli teqstis pirvel gamocemas 1882 wels (Страдание святого мученника Евстафия Мцхетского, wignSi Полное жизнеописание святых грузинской церкви, ч.II сб, 1872 Ст. 79-91).

Txzulebis germanuli Targmani ekuTvnis iv. javaxiSvils. is 1901 wels daibeWda berlinSi (Das Martyrium des heiligen Eustatius von Mzchetha, Sitzungsberichte der königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, XXXVIII, 875-902), romlis winasityvaoba dawerilia A. Harnack-Tan erTad.

damowmebuli literatura:

1. xelnawerTa institutis H-341 xelnaweri.2. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, il. abulaZis

redaqciiT, Tbilisi, 1963.3. e. gabiZaSvili, qarTuli naTargmni hagiografia, Tb., 2004, gv. 25.4. e. gabiZaSvili, originaluri hagiografiuli mwerlobis zogierTi

sakiTxi, mravalTavi, XVII, Tb., 1992.5. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturuli Zeglebi, V, gamosces e.

gabiZaSvilma da m. qavTariam, Tb., 1989.

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6. georgika, bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, t. II, teqstebi qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca da ganmartebebi daurTo s. yauxCiSvilma, Tb., 1965.

7. a. bogveraZe, adrefeodaluri qarTuli saxelmwifoebi VI-VIIIss., saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. II, Tb., 1973, gv. 246-297.

8. qarTlis cxovreba, II, gamosca s. yauxCiSvilma, Tb., 1955.9. k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, 1980.10. e. gabiZaSvili, erTi mazdeanuri tradiciis kvali qarTuli originaluri

agiografiis ramdenime ZeglSi, saqarTvelos eklesiis, qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobis da qristianuli xelovnebis istoriis sakiTxebi (krebuli miZRvnili sveticxovlobisadmi), Tbilisi, 1995.

11. sakiTxavi wigni Zv. qarTul enaSi, II, teqstebi gamosca iv. imnaiSvilma, Tb., 1966.

12. k. kekeliZe, antimazdeanuri polemikis dasabuTeba uZveles qarTul mwerlobaSi, etiudebi Zv. qarTuli mwerlobis istoriidan, III, Tb., 1955.

13. m. brose, Histoire de la Géorgie…I, S.Pb., 1849.14. d. baqraZe, saqarTvelos istoria, tfilisi, 1889.15. T. Jordania, qronikebi... I, tfilisi, 1892.16. m. janaSvili, qarTuli mwerloba, w. II, tfilisi, 1909.17. S. CxartiSvili, ,,martvilobaÁ da moTminebaÁ wmidisa evstaTi

mcxeTelisaÁ” (wyaroTmcodneobiTi gamokvleva), Tb., 1994.18. i. javaxiSvili, Das Martyrium des heiligen Eustathius von Mzchetha : Sityungs

bereichte der königlich-preussischen Akademie der Wissenschatten zu Berlin, 1901 (A. Harnack-Tan erTad).

19. iv. javaxiSvili, ,,martvilobaÁ da moTminebaÁ wmidisa evstaTi mcxeTelisaÁ”, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t. VIII, 66-70.

20. quTaisis istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis #2 xelnaweri.21. aTonis mTis #28 qarTuli xelnaweri.22. gulani, xelnawerTa institutis axalgazrda mecnierTa Sromebi, Tb.,

1989.23. iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t. I, Tb., 1979.24. e. gabiZaSvili, ,,evstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobis” irgvliv, saqarTvelos

literaturaTmcodneobis akademiis Sromebi, II, Tbilisi, 1999.25. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, VI, gamosces e.

gabiZaSvilma da m. qavTariam, Tbilisi, 1980.26. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, IV, gamosca e.

gabiZaSvilma, Tbilisi, 1968.27. anton I, wyobilsityvaoba, gamosca r. baramiZem, Tb., 1972.

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28. Zveli qarTuli saeklesio literatura I Zeglebi Targmna, gamosacemad moamzada da sqolioebi daurTo ediSer WeliZem, Tbilisi, 2005, gv. 310-478

Резюме

В очерке представлен анализ грузинского агиографического сочинения o Евстатия Мцхетского и подчеркнуты литературные и историографические достоинства памятника для ознакомления с древнейшим IV в. культурным наследием Грузии.

Некоторые события в очерке оцениваются по новому, а некоторые укоренившиеся в науке интерпретации заменены более убедительными аргументами.

473

Sinaarsi

avtorisagan ............................................................................................................3-41. qristianuli RvTismsaxureba da svinaqsaruli hagiografia ....................... 342. romanoz erisTavi da misi ucnobi Txzuleba ..................................................533. 14-titlovani nomokanonis qarTuli Targmani – ,,didi sjuliskanoni” ....1444. qarTuli originaluri hagiografia ..............................................................2065. ,,martirikis” zogierTi enobriv-stilisturi Tavisebureba ..................... 2546. originaluri hagiografiuli mwerlobis zogierTi sakiTxi ....................2927. Zveli qarTuli kanonikuri mwerloba ........................................................... 3218. kanonikuri samarTlis wyaroebi ..................................................................... 3749. ilia abulaZe Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis mkvlevari .................................. 39510. anton I-is hagiografiuli Txzulebebi `martirikaSi~ ............................. 42211. qarTvel wmindanTa da dResaswaulTa mosaxsenebeli dReebi Zveli

qarTuli xelnawerebis mixedviT ................................................................... 44712. evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba (narkvevi) ................................................. 472

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Enriko Gabidzashvili

Works

I

Энрико Габидзашвили

Труды

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wigni daibeWda gamomcemloba `saqarTvelos macnes~ stambaSigr. robaqiZis 7a

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