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Ganan & Yamarmoto

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1


Ganan & Yamarmoto

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Ganan & Yamarmoto

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Ganan & Yamarmoto

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Ganan & Yamarmoto

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OD;a&TarmifBuD; 0ifa&mufoGm;onfh rSefeef;aqmifwGif;odkY taomhESif;í vkdufygoGm;avonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;udk awGYvQif uzdk;nGefYvnf; ½kdaopGm'l;wkyfNyD; ] 0efrif;udk wkdifBum;&rnfh udpötxl;&Sdygí cGifhNyKawmfrlyg } ] tvkd .. tdyfzefawmfrSL;ygvm;? b,fvdk ta&;tcif;eJY BuHKBudKuf&onfvJ? usKyfudkaNym&rS usKyfeJY oufqdkifoy qdk&ifvJ aNymygbd } ] rSefvSyg raeY nOfhoef;acgifrwdkifrDS wA[dkvfavmuftvdkwGif tdyfzefawmfom; iatmifcif apmifha&Smufae&onfh opfqdrfhrdzk&m;BuD; taqmifawmf eef;wGif;odkY rSifaohxdk;uGif;ygool tysdKawmfwa,muf 0ifa&mufoGm;onfudk awGY&aBumif;yg0efrif; } uzdk;nGefY avQmufxm;csufudk Bum;&aom yifwvJpm; OD;a&TarmifBuD;rSm ½kwfcsnf; pum;rNyefEdkifao;yJ twefBum pOf;pm;[efNyKNyD;rS ] pdwf0rf;cscs &Sd&ygrvm;? tdyfzefrSL;&JY? usKyftaeeJYu rif;Bwm;BuD; bk&m;udk a&Tem;awmf ta&muf 0ifavQmufzdkY 0efrav;vSayr,fh ppfaq;vdkY rrSefawmfrlbl;qdk&if tdyfzefawmfrSL;udk trsufodkaerr,f } ] rSefvSyg iatmifcif[m ½kd;om;NyD; wm0efausacsol wa,mufNzpfaBumif; uRefawmfrsdK; odoy? olYtoufxuf bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m;&JY t&Sufawmf iJhuGufvkdY uRefawmfrsdK; wdkifBum;cJhNcif;yg } ] tdrf; ... onfvkd pdwf0rf;cscs avQmufxm;0Hhoy qdk&ifvJ tdyfzefawmfrSL; tvdkawmftwdkif; a&Tem;awmfudk csufcsif;qdkovkd wifvdkufyr,f } yifwvJNrdKUpm;BuD; OD;a&TarmifBuD;xHrS NyefBum;csuf&&dSavawmhrS pdwfat;oGm;í t½kdtaoay;vsuf ESkwfqwfNyefcJhygawmhonf/ tNyefvrf;wGif yifwvJ0ef OD;a&TarmifBuD; taBumif; Bum;bl;cJhonfwdkYudk Nyefvnfowd&vmygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;onf tonfBuD;rsdK;½kd;rS qif;oufvmolwa,muf Nzpfygavonf/ tdk;tdrfaxmif NyKNyD;onfhwdkifatmif tvkyfvkyfolr[kwf[k Bum;bl;ayonf/ ol\ Zmwmpef;vmbf aumif;onf[k ,HkBunfNyD; *kPf,laeolwa,muf NzpfaBumif; od&onf/ NrdKUpm;BuD;? e,fpm;? yg,fpm;Nzpfrnf[laom ,HkBunfcsufaBumifh rnfonfhtvkyfudkrQ rvkyfyJ rdbtdrfwGif tcefYom; xkdifípm;aomufaeolwa,muf Nzpfygavonf/ rnfonfhtvkyfudkrQvnf; rdcifNzpfolu vufaBumwif;atmifrvkyfap&ay/ om;\ ½kyf&nf ½lyum toG,foG,fwkdhrSm wifhw,f½ªarmzG,f&m Nzpfayonf/ Zmwmpef;vmbfrSmvnf; aumif;rGefvSayonf/ OKpfuopfwdkYvnf; vlomrmefwdkYtwGuf wckwavyg&ef rvG,fulayrifh olr\ om;cspfonf OKpfoHk;csyfESifh uopfESpfyGifh &xm;onf/ xkdYNyif edpfNyvnf;uif;í rª;BuD;rwf&maoemywd trSefppfppf {uefNzpf&rnfh &mZ,k*fygol[k &GmOD;ausmif;q&mawmf OD;auwk rBumrBum rdefYqdkcJhayonf/ rdw¬DvmNrdKU ta&SYaNrmufuef usdK;& &GmtwGif;&dS &[ef;&Sifvl y&dwfowftaygif;onf olYom; a&TarmifBuD;\ Zmwmudk rDSrnfhol r&dSaBumif; olYrdbrsm;uodonf/ Oy'd½kyf aumif;yHkrSmvnf; olr\om; a&TarmifBuD;udk ,OfEdkifol r&dS[k txif&dSaeygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;\ zcifrSm ½kd;om;olwa,mufNzpí at;csrf;pGm aevdkolwdkY obm0twdkif; tvkyfvkyfolrSom BuD;yGm;rnf[laom tpGJaBumifh om;Nzpfol\ aeyHkxkdifyHkudk oabmrusay/ rdef;r&NyD;onfhwdkifatmif rdbrDScdkpm;&onfhb0u rvGwfuif;ao;onfh om;tNzpfudk rausreyfESifh waeYaom eHeufcif;wGif olYom;udk *½kPma'gaomNzifh rnfwGefawmufwD;vkdufygonf/ qlylBudrf;armif;Ncif;cH&aom OD;a&TarmifBuD;onf c&if;udkxrf;&if; zcif\v,fikwfvyfudk tvkyfvkyftHh[k aetdrfrSxGufcJhygavonf/


Ganan & Yamarmoto

6

6

v,fyGJ&dS&mtoGm; &Gmayguf a&mufonfwGif udka&TarmifBuD; xrf;vmaom c&if;½kd;udk rdk;BudK;cygonf/ xif&Sm;aom xdktwdwfedrdwfaBumifh c&if;udk aetdrfodkYyif NyefrydkYawmhyJ &Gmv,fZ&yfwGif pdkufaxmifxm;cJhNyD; tr&yl&odkY xGufcGmvmcJh&mrS rif;wkef;rif;om;ESifh tquf&í cpm;&ygawmhonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;tNzpf tNrifhodkY a&muf&dSvmcsdefwGif vufpGJawmfBuD; uRef,Hk OD;a&TarmifBuD;udk yif;wvJNrdKUudk pm;apí bk&ifhtyg;awmfudk cpm;&olNzpfonf/ nDawmf tdrfa&SYOy&mZm uaemifudk,fawmfBuD;uvnf; ,HkBunfawmfrlí ta&;ay;awmfrlcJhayonf/ yk*Hrif;xHrS xD;eef;udkvkyfBuHpOfu udk,fwdkifudk,fus pGefYpm;yg0ifcJhol Nzpfygonf/ twGif;tNyifa&;rSpí bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m;ESifh nDawmfuaemif tdrfa&SYpHudk,fawmfyg? rif;ESpfyg;pvHk; ta&;w,l wkdifyifNcif;cH&ol Nzpfavonf/ ( yifwvJ NrdKUpm; OD;a&TarmifBuD;udk aemifESpf tenf;i,ftBum a&eHYomNrdKUudkyg tydkifpm;ay;oem;awmf rlNyefavonf/ rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD; ewf&GmpHí oDaygrif;uav; eef;wufcsdefwGif eef;wGif;ta&;awmfyHkaBumifh uGufrswfcH&avonf/ ... / pma&;ol) tdyfzefawmfrSL; uzdk;nGefYvnf; OD;a&TarmifBuD; taBumif;pOf;pm;&if; olYbkef;olYuHuygaomaBumifh NrdKUpm;BuD; Nzpf&onfhtNyif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;\ ta&;,la‘rSmufpm;Ncif; cH&yHkwdkYudk oHk;oyfrdí rtHhBoawmhygay/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk eHeufnDvmcH tNyD;rS a&TrsufESmawmfudk BunfhíwifavQmufvQifwifavQmufrnf[k &nfpl;xm;ygavonf/ eHeufnDvmcHudk rSefeef;aqmifwGif usif;yavh&dSygonf/ aeYcif;ydkif;nDvmcHudkawmh rSefeef;pHaqmifwGif NyKvkyfygonf/ EdkifiHawmf\ tNrifhqHk; w&m;½kH;awmfBuD;Nzpfaom a&TvTwfawmfBuD;udk aNrpdkufeef;wGif owfrSwfNyKvkyfygonf/ 4if; a&TvTwfawmfBuD;wGif NynfrSKNynfa&;? BuD;av;aom w&m;rsm;udk rif;w&m;BuD;udk,fwdkif xGufawmfrlí w&m;pD&ifawmfrlayonf/ a&TvTwfawmfBuD;udk taBumif;axGtxl; r&dScJhygvQif tzdwfaeYrsm;rSom usif;yNyKvkyfavh&dSygonf/ xdkaeY eHeufnDvmcH pwifonfhtcsdefrSpí nDvmcHpJcsdefwdkifatmif rnfonfhudpörsm;udk rnfolupwifwifoGif; avQmufxm;í rnfuJhodkY qHk;Nzwfawmfrlavonf? rnfonfh 0efBuD;u rnfuJhodkY trdefYawmfcsrSwfawmfrlonfwdkYudk OD;a&TarmifBuD; vHk;0rBum;rdyg/ nDvmcHcsdefwGif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;tm; rnfuJhodkY pwifavQmufxm;&rnf qdkonfudk pOf;pm;awG;awmcg u&a0;om;Nzifh xkvkyf&onfh ydwkef;½kyfcH &wemrsm;pDcs,fxm;onfh br,moe yv’ifawmfay: xdkifawmfrl&if; 0efBuD;0efuav;rsm;wdkY avQmufwifcsufrsm;udk tqHk;tNzwfay;awmfrlaeaom b0&Sifrif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD;\ rsufESm&dyf? rsufESmuJudkom zl;arQmfapmifhpm; iHhvifhaerdygawmhonf/ nDvmcHpJí vlpkcGJcgeD; wcP0,f awmifaqmifawmf t*¾ra[oD pBuma'0D rdzk&m;BuD; pdefwkef;rdzk&m; tygt0if tv,feef;rawmf qifNzLr&Sif rdzk&m;ESifh avmif;&Snfrdzk&m; (oDaygrif; r,fawmf)? o&pdef;rdzk&m;? oufyef rdzk&m;paom rdzk&m;BuD; 6 yg;wkdY xHk;wrf;pOfvmtwdkif; tcpm; 0ifa&mufvmBuygavonf/ xdkrdzk&m;BuD;rsm;wdkY tcpm; 0ifa&mufcsdefwdkif;wdkYwGif rif;cpm;a,musmf;? rSL;rwf aoemywd? twGif;0efBuD; 0efuav;rsm;ygrusef wOD;wa,mufrS r&dSap&yg/ om;a&;? orD;a&;ESifh udk,fawmf\ twGif;a&;awmfrsm;udk avQmufxm;&onfNzpí rnfolrQ xdknDvmcHwGif aecGifhr&dSygay/ yifwvJ0ef OD;a&TarmifBuD;rSm vufoHk;awmfBuD; tdrfawmfyg i,fuRef&if;wa,mufNzpí wHcg;r&dS aqmifawmftwGif; tcsdefra&G; 0ifxGufap trdefYawmf &olNzpfoNzifhom rxGufrlbJ cpm;vsufESifh &dSaeygonf/ rdzk&m;BuD;rsm; cpm; avQmufxm;ta&;qdkorQtBum;rS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;onf wa,mufxnf;xnf; cpm;awmfrlaeaom tdrfawmfygvufpGJawmfBuD; OD;a&TarmifBuD;tm;


Ganan & Yamarmoto

7

7

awGU&dSowdcsyfrdawmfrloNzifh ....] tvkd .. yifwvJpm; vufpGJawmfBuD; ia&TarmifBuD;ygvm;? 0daooxl;[ef&Sdonfy tcpm;awmfxl;onf htaBumif;t&mudk wifavQmufcGifh &Sdaparmifrif;} b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ rdefYawmfrloH Bum;Bu&aom taqmif&? eef;& rdzk&m;BuD;csKyfwdkYrSm wdkifyifxm;bdouJhodkY yifwvJpm;BuD; OD;a&TarmifBuD;&dS&modkY wNydKifwnf; acgif;iJhBunfhBuygavonf/ tcsdKUaom rdzk&m;BuD;rsm;\ rsufrmefawmf t0ifhcHhaumif;cHh&rnfudk OD;a&TarmifBuD; odvifhupm;.... ] rSefvSyg b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;? ESpfudk,fawmf wdkifBum;avQmufwifawmfrl&ef taBumif;&dSygoNzifh uRefawmfrsdK; iHhvifhvsuf &SdaeaBumif;ygbk&m;/ } ] tdrf; ... xl;onf qdkonfy? ightm; wifavQmufrnfh ta&;tcif;twGuf yef;cHkawmfrS apmifhap iarmifBuD;/ } ] Asm'dwfawmfNrwftwdkif;yg bk&m; } [k OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; NyefvnfavQmufxm;&if; yef;cHkawmfaqmifodkY OD;wnfxGufvSrf; oGm;ygavonf/ (yef;cHkawmf taqmuftOD;rSm tkwfNzifhaqmufvkyfxm;NyD; rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD; tem;,lcsifonfhtcgESifh txl;wvnf udpörsm;wdkifyifvkd&mrsm;&SdvQif 4if;yef;cHkawmf tkwfwdkuftwGif; wdkifyifavh&dSygonf/) yef;cHkawmf cef;raqmif&dS ovGefawmfeHab;&Sd xdkifem;&mrS apmifhqdkif;í rBumrD umvtwGif; b0&Sif rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD; udk,fawmfxD;xD; BuGcsDawmfrlvmí ovGefanmifapmif;ay: xkdifawmfrl&if; ] vufoHk;awmf iarmifBuD;? wifvdkorQ wifbkdY ig cGifhNyKoAs } ] rSefvSyg/ bkef;awmfBuD;NrwfawmfrlvSaom rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ opfpdrfh rdzk&m;taqmifawmfwGif ,refaeY nydkif;? aygifay:wGif xdk;uGif;rSifaBumifyg&dSaom eef;wGif;tysdKawmftoGif 0wfqifxm;olwOD; usL;ausmfawmfrlaBumif;yg bk&m; } OD;a&TarmifBuD; wifavQmufoH Bum;em&NyD; rsufESmawmf romr,m NzpfoGm;vsuf tcdkuftwefY qdyfNidrfoGm;&mrS .... ] b,fyHkenf; od&onfy? bmNyKrJh wygwnf; aESmifBudK;wJNyD; a&SYawmfroGif;cJhoenf; iarmifBuD;&JY } ] rSefvSyg? tdyfzefawmfrSL; izdk;nGefY\ tdyfzefawmfom; iatmifcifqdkool tdyfzefawmfwm0ef xrf;aqmifqJ nOfhoef;acgifrwdkifrSD wA[dkvftvkd xdktysdKawmftoGif 0wfqifxm;onfholrSm taqmifawmf0if usnf;&SifwHcg;tausmf waygifay:í xdk;uGif;rSifaoh? NrifawGY&aBumif; wifavQmufay;yg&ef tdyfzefawmfrSL;u eHeufnDvmcHrprD tvmawmf&dSaBumif;yg bk&m;/ } ] onfvkdNzifh igudk,fawmfNrwf trdefYawmfeJY onfrdzk&m;ay;&NyD;om; taqmifteef;wdkYudk odrf;½kwfí tdrfedrfhpHxm;ap? ppfar;NyD; usL;ausmfooludk zrf;qD;? tm;ay;ool? tultnDyHhol? tquftEG,f0ifool tm;vHk; uGyfrsufap/ } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; trdefYawmfrSwí xdktrSKudk yifwvJpm;BuD; OD;a&TarmifBuD;tm; tmPmukef ESif;tyfvsuf rsufESmawmfvTJoGm;ygawmhonf/ odkYNzpí OD;a&TarmifBuD;rSm trdefYawmfudk oHk;vsuf NrdKUawmf0efudk NAJwdkufawmfodkY aqmvsifpGm vma&muf&ef qifhac:vkdufygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; NAJwdkufawmfodkY oGm;a&mufNyD;aemuf tdyfzefawmfrSL;ESifhtwl tdyfzefawmfom; iatmifcifudkyg vma&muf&ef aNcNrefawmf vTwfNyefygonf/ rBumrDtwGif; a&SUqifhaemufqifh qdkovkd tdyfzefawmfrSL;? NrdKU0efrif;ESifh tdyfzefawmfom; iatmifcifwdkYyg qdkufa&mufvmBuygonf/


Ganan & Yamarmoto

8

8

OD;a&TarmifBuD;udk bk&ifrif;Nrwfu opfqdrfh rdzk&m;udpöESifh ywfowforQudk tmPmukeftyfESif;í rsufESmawmf vTJoGm;awmfrlaomaBumifh rnfuJhodkY NyKvkyfaqmif&Guf&rnfwdkYudk NrdKUawmf0efrif;tm; tBuHOmPfawmif;vkdí trdefYawmfudkoHk;í qifhac:&Ncif;NzpfaBumif; OD;a&TarmifBuD;u &Sif;vif;Nyavonf/ ] yifwvJpm;BuD;&JU? onftwdkif; qdk&ifNzifh usKyfwdkYtaeeJY opfqdrfhrdzk&m;BuD;xH t&ifoGm;Bu&r,f/ onfudpöudk tdyfzefawmfrSL;u udk,fwdkifudk,fus Nrifool iatmifcifom usKyfwdkYESifhtwl yg;vkduf&if Nzpfonfy } ] tdrf; ..... aumif;oAsm;/ omrSvJ usKyfwdkY rdzk&m;BuD;xHrS ay;&NyD;om;? taqmifteef;wdkYudk ½kyfodrf;rdefYvnf; aqmif&GufNyD; Nzpfraygh/ b,fol b,f0g&,fvdkYvJ ppfar;awmfrlBuomy/ } ] onfvkdNzifh&if usKyfvuf½kH; aoG;aomuf armufaygufudk wyfpdwfwckeJY usL;ausmfooludk t&trd zrf;qD;NyD; tEG,ftcifawGudkvJ csKyfaESmifzdkY pDpOfyr,f/ yifwvJpm;BuD;om opfqdrfhrdzk&m;BuD; taqmif oGm;ESifhonfy } [k aNymqdkrSmxm;NyD; NrdKU0efrif;vnf; NAJwdkufawmfrS Nrif;udk taomhESif;um ol\vuf½kH; aoG;aomufBuD; armifaygufudk trSKudpö pD&if&efapcdkif;zdkY tdrfawmfodkY ta&mufNyefygavawmhonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;ESifh iatmifcifyg wyfom;tcsdKU ac:,lvsuf taemufawmfBuD;rS opfqdrfhrdzk&m;taqmifawmfodkY oGm;Buygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;wkdY vlodkufa&mufonfqdkvQifyif cpm;vsuf&dSaom rdzk&m;BuD;\ tysdKawmfwodkufrSm vSKyfvSKyf&Sm;&Sm; NzpfoGm;ygavonf/ opfqdrfhrdzk&m;rSmvnf; rsufESmawmfysufysufESifh ..... ] yif;wvJ NrdKUpmBuD;&Jh b,fvkd taBumif;ta&;twGufESifh onfudkvm&onfvJ } ] rSefvSyg ..... b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ trdefYawmfudk OD;xdyf&Guf yefvsuf t&Sif opfqdrfh rdzk&m;BuD;udk tyfESif;csD;NrSifhawmfrlaom taqmifteef;wdkYudk ½kyfodrf;&ygrnf bk&m;/ } opfqdrfhrdzk&m;ESifhwuG taqmifawmftwGif; &SdaeBuukefaom txdef;awmf tacsmhawmf tysdKawmfrsm; tHhBoxdwfvefY ukefayonf/ ] rSefvSyg ..... aNcuusL;vQif 'l;Nzwf&ef trdefYawmfrSwfxm;onfh taqmifwGif;odkY xdk;uGif;rSifaBumif yg&dSol tysdKawmfwkESifh BunfNzLawmfrlaBumif; b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; Bum;odawmfrlí trsufawmf &SygoNzifh ay;&NyD;om; taqmifteef;wdkYudk ½kyfodrf;í tdrfedrfhpHtNzpf xm;&dS&ygrnf[k trdefYawmfrSwfygonf/ usL;ausmfooludkvnf; ay;tyf&rnfyg/ ... } yif;wvJNrdKUpm;BuD;\ trdefYpum; Bum;Bu&aom oltaygif;wdkYrSm vSKyfvSKyf&G&GESifh wa,mufrsufESm wa,mufBunfhNyD; wdwfqdwfaeBuygonf/ xdktcdkuf0,f NrdKUawmf0efBuD;ESifh ol\vuf½kH;aoG;aomufBuD;wdkY taqmifawmftwGif; 0ifa&mufvmBuNyD;aemuf ..... ] yif;wvJNrdKUpm;BuD;Asm;? b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ trdefUawmfudk rdzk&m;BuD;tm; yefBum;NyD;awmfrlygp .... } ] [kwfoy .... onfES,faBumifh usKyfwdkYvm&Ncif;ayy ... }


Ganan & Yamarmoto

9

9

] rSefvSyg .... onfvdk ta&;tcif;twGuf uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;vufodkY usL;ausmfoludk ay;tyfawmfrlyg? &Sifrdzk&m;BuD;bk&m; .... } twefBum wdwfqdwfaeBuNyefygonf/ tysdKawmf wcsdKU\ ½SKdufoH oJhoJhom cef;raqmiftwGif;rS vSKyf&Sm;oHtNzpf xGufay:vmaeygonf/ jrdKU0efrif;uyif qufvufNyD; ] toQifrdzk&m;BuD;? uRefawmfrsdK;wdkY vuf0,fodkY usL;ausmfol ray;rtyf&SdaBumif; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a&Tem;awmf aygufBum;awmfrlygvQif? rdzk&m;BuD; toufawmfyif pdk;&drf&aBumif;ygbk&m; ..... / } ] iarmifBuD; vuf0,fodkY toQifrdzk&m;BuD; taeNzifh usL;ausmfol ray;rtyfcJhygvQif trdefYawmfNrwftwdkif; taqmifawmftwGif; aeYnr[l cpm;ool txdrf;t&mESifh tacsmhawmfysdKrsm;tm;vHk; aordefYao'PfrSwfí uGyfrsufcsif;cH&rnf NzpfaBumif;yg ..... / } OD;a&TarmifBuD;\ pum;tqHk;wGif opfqdrfhrdzk&m;BuD;rSm raeomawmhbJ ] txdrf; rrrsm;ESifh tacsmhawmfysdKrsm;ESifh rywfowfapcsifyg/ usL;ausmfoolrSm NrdKUaNrmufNyif a*goDwm&mr ausmif;wdkufrS q&mawmfBuD;\ wynfhom; armifNrwfpH Nzpfoy NrdKUpm;rif;BuD;wdkY ... / } ] rdzk&m;BuD; rdefYqdkcsuf tBum;twdkif;qdkvQif ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf bk&m;BuD; wynfhom;NzpfaeonfaBumifh b,fodkYNyK&tHh yif;wvJpm;BuD;zsm; } ] usKyfwdkY 0efrif;wdkYonf b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;\ trdefYawmfudk OD;xdyf&Gufyef rvGefqef0hHBuyg/ rnfolyifNzpfygap tEG,ftpifwdkYudk ukefpifatmif ppfar; &Sif;vif;ay;&rnfy/ } rdzk&m;BuD;ESifh tysdKawmf? tacsmhawmfwdkY\ ½SKdufidkoHwdkhrSm wNznf;Nznf; wdk;&mrS us,f? us,f&mrS qlnHoHxGufvmygawmhonf/ odkYESifh 0efrif;vnf; vuf½kH;aoG;aomufBuD;bufodkY vSnfhí ..... ] aoG;aomufBuD; tr&|meD&yf&Sdaom a*goDwm&mrwdkufodkY oGm;í oDwif;oHk;aeaom &[ef;? omraP? uyÜD, ausmif;om;ygrusefap&/ usL;ausmfol iNrwfpHESifh tquftoG,f &if;oolrsm;&Sdu &[ef;&Sifvlra&G; tNrefqHk; zrf;qD;axmifoGif; tusOf;tcsKyfxm;ygav .... / } [k NrdKU0efrif;u trdefYay;NyD;aemuf aoG;aomufBuD;vnf; taqmifawmftwGif;rS xGufcGmoGm;ygawmhonf/ rdzk&m;BuD;vnf; pHae&movGefxufrSyif txdrf;awmfBuD;tm; ... ] rrcifzGm;Nrpf? taqmifawmfwGif;rS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ csD;NrSifhay;oem;xm;aom rdzk&m;wdkYESifh tyfpyfydkifqdkifaom ypönf;rsm;udk yifwvJpm;BuD; vuf0,fodkY pm&if;ESifhwuG vufa&muftyfESH qufoy .... } ] txdef;awmfBuD; cifzGm;Nrpfuyif .... ] rSefvSyg? ocifrzk&m;/ taqmif&eef;&wdkY ydkifqdkiftyfaom ypönf;rsm;udkom qdkvkd&if; NzpfygvQif? toQifrzk&m; ydkifqdkifaom ypönf;trsm; usef&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; qkawmfcsxm; ay;oem;? &xm;awmfrlaom a&T? aiG? &wem? b@mypönf;rsm;udk rnfuJhodkY NyKNyifpD&if&rnfudk rdefYawmfrlyg toQifrzk&m; ...... } ] rrcifzGm;Nrpf&,f .... rzk&m;rSm trsufawmf&SvkdY rsufESmawmfrvS NzpfaeorQ a&T? aiG? &wem? Opömypönf;rsm;onf yodkYrQ awmif;wrufarmzG,f r&dSyg/ rif;BuD;vuf0,fom tyfESHy... } rdzk&m;BuD; trdefYawmfpum;tqHk; yifwvJNrdKUpm;BuD;onf *½kPm oufoGm;rdygavonf/


Ganan & Yamarmoto

10

10

rdzk&m;BuD;[kom ynwfowfrSwfxm;aomfvnf; olYorD;&G,f vHkrav;om½kHrQ &Sdao;aom Eke,fysdK&G,folwdkY arSmufrSm;wwfaom oabmudk &dyfpm;rdonfaBumifh roufqdkifaom ypönf;onf b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;twGuf r[kwfaBumif;udk ... ] txdrf;awmfBuD; avQmufwifcsufonf oifhNrwfvSygayonf/ usKyfudk vuf0,fodkY tyfESH&ef trdefYawmfyg&Sdonfhtwdkif; taqmif& eef;&pOfu yg0ifaom ypönf;rsm;om oufqdkifrnfy/ a&ToifNzL;? aiGoifNzL;? a&TuGrf;tkyf? a&Ta&waumif;? a&Tu&m;? a&Tzvm;? a&Tuvyf? a&TaxG;cH paom rif;rdzk&m;wdkY udkif&aqmif&onfwdkYom Nzpfygrnf..../ } NrdKU0efrif;uvnf; ... ] OD;a&TarmifBuD; aNymBum;csuf oifhNrwfrSefuefvSonfy/ usKyftaeNzifh usL;ausmfESifh tnDtulNyKool trSef&&Sdap&ef wm0efusef&Sdao;ordkY axmufvSrf; c&D;quf&ygOD;rnfy ...../ } ] [kwfayoAsdKU/ cifAsm;aNymonfhtwdkif;om aNyacsmatmif pD&ifvdkufyg? nnDvm trDS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk a&Tem;awmf avQmufEdkifzdkYudkom NynfhpHkapbdkY vHk;vpdkufayawmh 0efrif;a&U .... } rEÅav;NrdKUawmf0efBuD;vnf; aNrmufNyif tr&|mPD teD;&yfrS a*goDwm&mrwdkufqDodkY vkdufygoGm;ygavonf/ nnDvmcHwGif wifavQmuf&ef &&Sdaom tcsufuvufrsm;udk a&TvTwfawmf taqmuftOD;tNzpf owfrSwfxm;aom aNreef;awmfwGif nDvmcHrprSD wA[dk&ftvkd awGYqHkBu&ef tcsdef;tcsuf NyKoGm;cJhygao;onf/ NrdKUawmf0efvnf; a*goDwm&mrwdkuf a&muf&dSoGm;csdefwGif usL;ausmfol iNrwfpHESifh eD;pyfool &[ef;&Sifvl ESpfq,fausmfwdkY zrf;qD;NyD;om;awGY&Sd&ygonf/ aoG;aomufBuD;ESihf trSKawmfxrf; tcsdKUrSm eef;a&SU&Sd ta&SU ouFef;wdkuf[k ac : onfh r[m0dok'©g½kH yxrwdkufodkY iNrwfpH\ tppfcHcsuft& oHCmtcsdKUESifh olYtaygif;toif;rsm;udk zrf;qD;&ef xGufcGmoGm;í rawGY&awmhyg/ a*goDwm½kH ausmif;wdkuf q&mawmfbk&m;rSm oufawmfig;q,fausmf[efr&Sd ao;aomfvnf; odu©mawmf &Sdygonf/ yxrausmf atmifNrifNyD;ol pmwwfyk*¾dKvf oDvorm"d&Sdaom q&mawmfwyg;tNzpf ausmfBum;ygonf/ b0&Sif rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD;\ vufxufawmftcgu omoemudk csD;‘jrSifha‘rSmufpm;onfhtwGuf pmwwfusrf;wwf y*¾dKvfwdkhrSm txl;tcGifhta&; &&Sdygonf/ tausmfatmifvQif q,fhESpfrSKyifwdkif uif;vGwfí tcdkif;a&twGuf ckESpftdrfaxmif &&Sdygavonf/ ,ckzrf;qD;xm;aom q&mawmfrSm eef;wGif;ol eef;wGif;om;rsm; udk;uG,fqnf;uyfaom q&mawmfNzpfívnf; NrdKU0efrif;rSm aZmacR;rsm; Nyefvmatmif tcuftcJ awGUygavonf/ NrdKU0efrif;vnf; q&mawmfxHyg;odkY oGm;íOD;csNyD; ] cGifhvTwfawmfrlyg toQif olNrwfbk&m; .... bk&m; wynfhawmfwdkYrSm rif;ca,musfm;Nzpfí trdefYawmfudk vGefqef&ef r0HhaBumif; wifavQmufygonf .... / b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; taBumif;pHk Bum;odawmfrlygvQif tNypfawmfrS csrf;om&m &Edkifaumif;ygonfbk&m; ..... / } ] &Sdyap .... wumawmfNrdKU0efrif;.../ bkef;BuD; uHukodkvftwdkif; Nzpf&ygrnf..../ 0#fruif;íom ,ckuJhodkY uif;atmifaeaomfvnf; r&Sif;&Ncif;Nzpfygonf ... / igonf bk&m; om;awmfppfppfNzpfí &wemoHk;yg;udkom OD;xdyfxm;í w&m;oabmudk ESvHk;oGif;ygonf ... / wumawmfudk tNypfr,lyg ... / cH&olrSm ta[mif;Nzpfí NyKolrSm topfNzpfrnfudk pdk;&drfrdí arwÅmydkYoygonf .... / NrdKU0efrif; 0wÅ&m;twdkif;om aqmif&Gufyg ... / onfudpöonf &[ef;wdkYudpö r[kwfaomfvnf; ighwynfhNzpfí igrod&qdkaomfvnf; wm0efruif; r,HkBunfrnfudk igod&Sdí qdwfqdwfaeayonf wumawmf ..... / } NrdKU0efrif;vnf; w&m;oabmNynfh0onfh olawmfpif q&mawmf bkef;BuD; pum;udk Bum;emawmfrl&oNzifh pdwf0rf; rcsrf;aNrUvSpGmNzifh aNcawmfOD;cdkuf&if; ....


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] t&Sifbk&m;onf olawmfpif olNrwfaumif; NzpfaBumif;udk bk&m;wynfhawmfwGif ,HkrSm;oHo, r&SdaBumif;yg toQifbk&m; .... / bkef;awmfBuD; rdefYawmfrlpum;t& 0#fruif;í NzpfNcif;udk bk&m;wynfhawmf qifNcifrdygonf bk&m; .... / } [kavQmufxm;ygonf/ 4if;aemuf pdwfESvHk; NidKNiifcsif;BuD;pGmNzifh NrdKU0efrif;vnf; bD½kdvSnf;ay: odkY wufa&muf&if; Nyefvnf xGufcGmoGm;ygavonf/ (3) vuf½kH;awmf aoG;aomufBuD; NyefvnftpD&ifcHcsufay:wGif rlwnfí nnDvmcHwGif wifavQmufESdif&ef tpDtpOffNyKESdif&ef olYtdrfawmfodkY OD;wnfcJhygonf/ NrdKU0efrif; rsufpd? rsufESm tysufysufESifh bD½kdvSnf;ay:rS qif;vmonfudk NrdKU0efuawmfNrifvQif pdwfrcsrf;aNrhpGmNzifh ..... ] vHkrav;wdkY bbbk&m; pdwf0rf;awmf rom rsufESmrvSonfh 0daooxl;aBumifh usef;cefY&Sdawmfrlygp .... / } ] rdrdi,f pdk;&drfvifhovdk usKyfwGifrNzpf½kd;yg.../ 'g ayonfh usKyfxrf;&Guf&onfh trSKawmfwoufwmtwGif; ‘'Davmuf pdwf0rf;awmfrndKU tNzpfqdk;vSonfh trSKrsdK; rBuHKawGYbl;í rsufESmrvSNcif;yg rdrdi,f ..... } ] vHkrav;wdkY bbbk&m;/ pdwfawmfndK tvdkawmfrus&onfhudpörSm NynfwGif;a&;&m ykef;pm;Ncm;em;ool &SdavawmfrlaomaBumifhayvm;/ ovdkr[kwfyJ vHkrav;wdkYbbtay: b0&Sif rif;Bwm;BuD;bk&m; pdwf0rf;awmf rus? tvdkawmf rusíayvm; rdefYqdkayrS od&rnfy .... } NrdKUawmf0efvnf; vSKyfvSKyf&Sm;&Sm; trlt&mNzifh ..... ] onfvkd r[kwfbl;y rdrdi,f ..... aNym&rSm roifhavsmf vQyfay : onfh ta&;twGuf opfqdrfhrdzk&m; t&SKyfZmwfaBumifh ax&f&0g& q&mawmf tausmf NrdKUaNrmufNyif a*goDwm&mr ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf tygt0if &[ef;&SifvlwdkYudk uGyfrsuf&rnfhta&;aBumifh awG;rdí pdwf0rf;awmf rat;Nzpf&onfaBumifhyg rdrdi,f ..... } 0efuawmfBuD;vnf; NrdKU0efrif; qdkcsufpum;aBumifh &ifbwfudk vufNzifh zduyf&if;..... ] NrwfpGmbk&m; u,fawmfrlyg..... a*goDwm&mr q&mawmfBuD;rSm t*¾ra[oD awmifeef;pH pBuma'0D rdzk&m;acgifBuD;rStp usrf;wwftausmf oDvodu©mawmf wdkYNzifh NynfhpHkonfrdkY eef;wGif;ol? eef;wGif;om;wdkY udk;uG,f qnf;uyfrpJ woJoJ&SdaeonfrSm NrdKUod&yfod NzpfonfudkrS BuHKygav vHkrav;wdkY bb&,f ..... } ] o[maBumifh usKyfb0 wm0efxrf;&GufpOf c&D;rSm rawGUrBuHKbl;onfrdkY rsufESmawmfrvS pdwf0rf;awmfrus&Ncif;yg rdrdi,f .... ? nnDvmcHtrDS vufoHk;awmfBuD; yifwvJpm; OD;a&TarmifBuD;rSwqifh wifBum;&vsuf tNypfawmfom ayghavsmhvmwefaumif;y rdrdi,f&,f ... } ] NrdKUawmf0efrif;vnf; oufNyif;oH &Snf&Snfcs&if; txufyg pum;udkqdkvsuf qif0ifay:wGif acsypfvufypf xkdifygawmhonf../ 0efuawmfvnf; eHeufpm tcsdefvGefaeNyD Nzpfaomfvnf; eHeufpmyGJawmfpm ESifhtwl tcsdK,rum tNzmNzmaom pm;awmftkyfudk ,lapcJhygonf/ tyg;awmfNrJ tapcHr,faxG;ESifh uRef,Hkawmf zdk;oefYwkdYudk NrdKU0efrif; xdkifae&mta&muf o,f,lrcsDí


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auR;arG;NyKpkaomfvnf; NrdKU0efrif;rSm roHk;aqmifESdifawmhyg.../ onfvdkESifh ESpfywfomom q,fADZem pGef;avmufwGif vuf½kH;awmfBuD; armifayguf acR;oH w&TJ&TJNzifh 0ifa&mufvmygonf .../ ] NrdKUawmf0efrif; trdefYawmfNzifh uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; opfqdrfhrdzk&m;udpöESifh oufqdkifol tm;vHk; brf;qD;axmifoGif; tusOf;csxm;NyD; NzpfygaBumif; ... } NrdKU0efrif;vnf; rsufcHk;yifhcsDvsuf aoG;aomufBuD;tm; ..... ] onfudpö[mNzifh bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m; trdefYawmfaBumifh aqmif&Guf&ayrifh .. aoG;aomufBuD;&m ..... usKyftaeNzifh tawmf pdwfrcsrf;aNrh &onfy? 0wÅ&m;aqmif&Guf&mrSm wynfh wm0efausygrS q&m pdwf0rf;omayr,f r[kwfvm; ..../ omaBumifhy rif;w&m;BuD; pdwfwdkif;us NzpfapbdkY armifwdkY usKyfwdkY BudK;pm;ae&onfy .... / } ] rSefvSyg .... uRefawmfrsKd;vnf; trdefYawmfudk OD;xdyf yef&Guf&onfh twGuf vkyfaqmif&ayrifh a*goDwm&mr q&mawmfbk&m;rSm tausmfa',sESifh NzpfonfhNyif? udk;uG,fqnf;uyfolrsm;rSmvnf; NrdKUawmfBuD;twGif;ESifh eef;wGif;ol? eef;wGif;om;vlBuD; vlaumif;rsm;om rsm;Buoy ..... / } ] ck ta&;tcif;aBumifh aoG;aomufBuD; zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifí ppfar;&ef &[ef;oHCmawmf b,fESyg;? vlb,fESa,muf &Sdoenf;/ iNrwfpHudk b,fvkd taBumif;eJY eef;wGif; a&mufvm&onfudkvnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; odvkdawmfrlayr,f aoG;aomufBuD;&Jh ..... / } ] uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;wdkY trdefYawmfNzifh zrf;qD;puyif iNrwfpH aNzmifhqdk tppfaq;cHNyD; Nzpfygonf .... / tvTmxufwGif a&;qufNyD; NrdKU0efrif;xH wif&eftoifhyg .... / iNrwfpHrSm vlvHk;vl&yfcyfNywfNywf&Sdayrifh ½kyfa& acsmarm vSyolNzpfaBumif;yg NrdKU0efrif; ..... / } ] usKyfudk,fwdkif ppfar;&ayOD;r,fAsm .. / b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ta&;ESifh ywfowfaeolNzpfordkY i,fvlrsm;ESifh vTJtyfxm;vQif trSKawmfxrf; ayghavQmhayw,fvdkY a&Teef;awmfBuD;u xifrSwfp&m &dSayr,f r[kwfvm; .... / } ] rSefvSyg... udk,fwkdif udk,fus ppfaq;&ef oifhvSonfy? tzrf;tqD;cH &[ef; oHCmomraP oHk;usdyfESpfyg;&Sdí vl0wfaBumif 6 a,mufwGif eef;wGif;ol ESpfa,muf yg0ifcg ... aygif; 38 usdyf &Spfyg;&Sdygonf... NrdKU0efrif; ..... / } ] usKyfudk,fwdkif iNrwfpHudk ppfrnfy ...? useftEG,ftcifrsm;udkawmh aoG;aomufBuD; udk,fwdkif rnfuJhodkY ulyHhonf tm;ay;tm;,lNyKonfudk ususpdyfpdyf ppfaq;ygbd ... ? rqdkifool tNypfr,lapygESifh aoG;aomufBuD; ... / } ] iNrwfpHudk axmifoGif; tusOf;csxm;&Sdonf Nzpfí NrdKU0efrif; ppfaq;vdkygu rnfonfhae&m ac:aqmifvmcJh&rnfudk rdefYawmfrly ... / nnDvmcH trDSwif&rnfqdkygu tcsdefawmf enf;vSayuNyD NrdKU0efrif; ..... / } ] tdrf; .... [kwfayoAsdKU ..../ usKyfwdkYrvJ onfta&;udpö awG;ae&ordkY aeawmif tawmfusvmyNyD ... / aoG;aomufBuD;vnf; trSKawmf vHk;yrf;ae&ordkY ,aeYwm tzdkYem;aey ... / usKyf[m usKyfbJ pD;awmfNrif;eJY axmifcsKyfudk oGm;ppfaq;rAs .... / } aoG;aomufBuD;vnf; NrdKUNyifwGif aexdkifol NzpfoNzifh av;csufwD;trSD NyefxGuf&ayrnf/ (nae ae0ifcsdef ta&SUbuf&dS em&DpifrS BuD;rm;aom armif;BuD;udk wD;í tcsufay;onf/ 4 csufwD;aomtcg eef;awmf wHcg;rsm;tm;vHk; ydwfawmhonf/ pma&;ol) NrdKU0efrif;tm; ESKwfqwfí


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aoG;aomufBuD; NyefaomtcgNrdKU0efrif;vnf; aZmif;wGif;rS pD;awmfNrif;udk uRef,Hkawmf zdk;oefYudk ukef;ESD;wifcdkif;vdkuf&if; twGif;awmfodkY acwÅ0ifa&muf oGm;ygonf/ ] tvdk ...... tysdKawmf cifxm;eJY cifzkef;wdkYygvm; ..... b,fvkd 0daooxl;eJY vmBuovJ trdwdkY&,f ..... / } ] rSefvSyg ....? NrdKU0efrif;udk oufyefrdzk&m;BuD;eJY uRefawmfrsdK;r&JY xdyfpkzk&m; (o&pdef;

rdzk&m;BuD wkdYu tac:awmf&SdvkdufaBumif;yg .... / eifwdkYudk,fwdkif oGm;NyD; wifyacs &r,fqdkordkY vmcJh&onfy NrdKU0efuawmfrrBuD; bk&m; .... / } ] &Sdy .../ &Sdy .../ vHkrav;wdkYb tckwif pD;awmfNrif; toifhukef;wifcdkif;&if; twGif;aqmifbuf 0ifoGm;ygw,f ... / } rBumrD xGufvmaom NrdKU0efrif;onf eef;wGif;ü wefcdk;xufaom rdzk&m;BuD;rsm;\ tysdKawmfBuD;rsm;udk awGY&í ] b,fvkd taBumif;y trdwdkYa& .... a&Teef;awmfBuD;u rvmpbl; tvmxl; onfrdkY opfqdrfhrdzk&m;BuD; taBumif; penf;emvmBuavovm;...../ } o&pdef; rdzk&m;BuD;\ tysdKawmf cifzkef;uyif ..... ] rSefvSyg .... NrdKUawmf0efrif;udk uRefawmfrsdK;r&JU t&Sifocif rdzk&m;ESifh oufyefrdzk&m;BuD; wdkYu udk,fwdkifudk,fus oGm;NyD; zdwfac:acsBu bdqdkrdefYwJh twGufyg ... } ] trdwdkY ocifrzk&m;rsm;udkom avQmufwifvdkufyg .... ckrBumrwifyJ usKyf0ifa&muf cpm;yr,fqdkwmudk opfqdrfhrdzk&m;ESifh ywfowfonfh ta&;tcif; Nzpfae&ifawmh bkef;awmfBuD; bk&m;udkawmfwdkif yif;wvJ NrdKUpm;BuD; OD;a&TarmifBuD;udk ta&;ukef vTJtyfxm;aBumif; trdwdkY ocifbk&m;rrsm;udk wifBudKavQmufxm;ESifhBuaya&mh uG,fwdkY .... / } NrdKU0efrif;vnf; tysdKawmfBuD;rsm;udk NyefBum;aNymqdkNyD; usL;ausmfol armifNrwfpH &Sd&m axmifcsKyfodkY oGm;a&mufygavonf/ axmifrSL;BuD;ESifh awGYqHkNyD; udk,fwdkifudk,fus ppfaq;&ef iNrwfpHudk txkwfcdkif;vkdufygawmhonf/ rsm;rBumrDS twGif;aqmiftBuyfESpfa,muf NcH&Hvsuf vkdufygvmol iNrwfpHudk Nrif&onfh wcP0,f NrdKU0efrif;pdwfwdkYyif twefi,f wkefvSKyf oGm;ygavonf/ usD;wdkYtv,f wifhw,fpGm pHy,faeaom [oFmrif;udk NrifawGU&bdonfhtvm; vdifwla,musfm;csif;Nzpfol NrdKU0efrif; udk,fwdkifyif *½kPmpdwf ,dkzdwfvmygonf/ usufoa& r*Fvmtaygif;wdkYESifh NynfhpHkolyif NzpfNim;aomfvnf; uHraumif; taBumif;rvSí umarokrdpmä pm& uHudk BuL;vGefolNzpf&ayonf[k NrdKU0efrif;uyif xifa,mifxifrSm; BuL;vGefoltwGuf apm'uwufpdwf NzpfoGm;&ygavonf / ] uJ..... armif&if/ b,fuaeNyD; b,fvkd opfqdrfhrdzk&m;ESifh arSmufrSm;Bu&onfudk wdkwdkESifh vkd&if;udk vif;prf;y .... / } ] rSefvSyg..../ NrdKU0efrif;bk&m; ../ uRefawmfrsdK;onf a*goDwm&mr ausmif;wdkuftkyf q&mawmfbk&m;ESifh w&Gmwnf;ae wa&wnf;aomufool tkwfzdk&Gmom; Nzpfygonf.../ q&mawmfbk&m; ausmif;awmfwGif pm0gwufaeol Nzpfygonf .../ aoQmifwvHk; tqHk;rcHvkdao;í yxri,f NyefqdkNyD;rS omoemhabmifodkY ul;0ifawmhrnf[k &nfrSef;csuf&dSygonf .... / }


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em;axmifae&mrS pum;rqHk;rD NrdKU0efrif;u Bum;Nzwfí ..... ] taqmifawmfxJ 0ifa&mufyHkeJY opfqdrfhrdzk&m;eJY b,fvdk ,Ofyg;BuyHkom aNymygbd .../ usL;ausmfol twGufuawmh aordefYyJ udk,fhvl& .... / } ] uRefawmfrsdK;udk aoG;aomufBuD; ppfaq;ar;Nref;onfhtwdkif; xGufqdk&rnf xifrSwíyg bk&m; ..../ ausmif;wkdufodkY opfqdrfhrdzk&m; vNynfh vuG,faeYwdkif; qGrf;tkyfudk,fwdkifydkufí qGrf;0wfNyKtvmwGif uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;tm; awGYNrifawmfrlygoNzifh ... q&mawmfbk&m;tm; onfoli,f ½kyf&nf ½lyumonf ausmif;awmfESifhrwef? xD;[ef? eef;qefonfrdkY wynfhawmfrxH ay;tyfygvQif eef;wGif;oHk; rif;cpm; a,musfm; Nzpfap&ygrnf[k avQmufxm;í awmif;qdkawmfrlcsufudk q&mawmfbk&m;u ighwynfhom;aNr; Nzpfaomfvnf; oltvdk&Sdí vkdufvkdygonfqdkygrS Nzpfayrnf.... / olYoabm apmaBumbd 'umrBuD;[k bkef;bk&m; rdefYBum;awmfrlcJhygonf ... / } iNrwfpHvnf; tenf;i,frQ tmaNcmuf[efESifh wHawG;rsdK&if; acwÅpum;aNym &yfqdkif;NyD;rS qufvufí ..... ] NrdKU0efrif; odawmfrlonfhtwdkif; uRefawmfrsdK;udk xD;oHk;trSKawmf txrf; t&mawmf Nzpfaprnf[k rzk&m; trdefYxm;&SdonfaBumifh vkdufvdkygonf[k taNzay;awmfrlcJhygonf ..../ onfhaemufydkif; cif0dkif;pdk;ESifh cifydkwdkYu bk&m;wynfhawmfudk tysdKawmfwa,mufvkd 0wfqifapNyD;? tvdkawmf &Sdawmfrlonfh tcgawmfwdkif; oef;acgifrwdkifrDS Bumcsnf&Hudk ta&mufvSrf; aNzazsmfcJh&mrS wpfESpfausmftBumwGif tdyfzefawmfom; NrifawGYí ,aeYuJhodkY &mZ0wfawmfoifhí taESmiftzGJY &&SdNcif;yg NrdKUawmf0efrif;bk&m; ..... / } ] aumif;uNyD armif&if ... / armif&ifonf pwifol r[kwfaomfvnf; usL;ausmfol trSefyif NzpfonfhtwGuf tuGyfrsufcH&rnfy ... / b0ul;aNymif; aumif;ap&ef ruGyfrsufcif bk&m;w&m;om tm½kHNyKNyD; aumif;&m aumif;rSKom NyKayawmh udk,fhvl& ...../ } NrdKU0efrif;vnf; armifNrwfpHtm; pum;NyefBum;&if;? axmifrSL; tBuyf tmPmyg;uGufom;ygrusef tm;vHk;odkY opfqdrfhtrSKESifh ywfowfool tm;vHk; &[ef;&Sifvlrsm;rSm uGyfrsufcH&rnfh olrsm;Nzpfí ppfaq;ar;Nref;rSKrNyD;rDS rvpfvyf a&mhyg;ap&? ESdyfpufnSif;yef;rSKvnf; r&Sdap&? rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk,fawmfESifh oufqdkifaom trSKNzpfí tusOf;tcsKyfcsxm;olrsm; raysmufr&Sap&efudkvnf; txl;*½kNyK&rnf ponfwdkYudk oGefoifqHk;rNyD; a&Teef;awmfBuD;qDodkY xGufcGmcJhygawmhonf/ yif;wvJpm; OD;a&TarmifBuD;ESifh awGYqHkbdkY&ef csdef;qdkxm;csdefxuf tenf;i,f apmao;oNzifh oufyefrdzk&m;BuD;ESifh o&pdef; rdzk&m;rsm;xH tcpm; 0ifa&mufygonf/ xkdrdzk&m;BuD; ESpfyg;pvHk;uvnf; NrdKU0efrif;tm; opfqdrfhrdzk&m;trSKESifh ywfowfar;Nref; pHkprf;BuNcif; Nzpfygonf/ r[m0dok'©g½kHausmif;wdkufrS oHCmtcsdKUESifh a*goDwm&mrwdkuf q&mawmfbk&m; tygt0if &[ef;oHCmrsm;udkawmh oufoufnSmnSm ppfaq;tNypfay;&efwdkYudk rdefYBum;Buygonf/ NrdKU0efrif; taeNzifhvnf; vufpGJawmfBuD; yif;wvJpm; OD;a&TarmifBuD;udkom tmPmukef vTJtyfNcif;cH&olNzpí olomwwfESdifrnfhtaBumif;wdkYudk avQmufxm;cJhygonf/ NrdKU0efrif;vnf; A[dk&f (7) csuf wD;oH Bum;&NyD; yif;wvJpm; OD;a&TarmifBuD;ESifh wifBudKcsdef;qdkxm;&m aNrpdkufeef;rBuD;odkY xGufcGmoGm;ygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; a&TvTwfawmftaqmuftOD;tNzpf toHk;NyKxm;aom aNrpdkufeef;rBuD;rS NrdKU0efrif;tvmudk BudKqdkaeESifhygonf/


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NrdKU0efrif;vnf; ] yif;wvJpm;BuD; a&mufonfrSm BumyNyDvm; .... / usKyfvnf; o&pdef;rdzk&m;BuD;ESifh oufyefrdzk&m;BuD;rsm; tac:awmf&Sdí tcpm;0ifae&ordkY tcsdefawmfaESmif;ovkd Nzpf&yavw,f .... / ] aemufrBum wcPuyJ usKyfvJa&mufonfy ... / rdzk&m;BuD;u NrdKU0efrif;udk opfqdrfhrdzk&m;taBumif; apmaBumonf r[kwfayvm; .... / } ] rSefavoAsm; .... / usKyfuvJ yif;wvJpm; OD;a&TarmifBuD;om tnDtyHh NyKEdkifayr,f .... / bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m; udk,fawmfwkdif ta&;ukef tyfESif;awmfrlaBumif; wifvkdufoAs .... / } ] bmNyKrJh aNym&onfwkef; ... NrdKU0efrif;&JU.... / ol&dkUvif ol&kdU wifvkd&m wif&ifyD;oy.../ usKyfwdkYu cdkif;onfhuRef xGefonfhEGm;ayuyJ .... / } NrdKU0efrif;vnf; oabmawGUí &,foGrf;aoG;&if;rS ...... ] yif;wvJpm;BuD;u tdrfawmfyg vufpGJawmfBuD;rdkY rdzk&m;awGudk aNymcsif qdkcsifonfhta&;qdk rdefY0hHayrJh? usKyfwdkYomqdk&if acgif;aysmufvdrfhrAsm; .. } yif;wvJpm;BuD;ESifh NrdKU0efrif;wdkYvnf; pHkprf;od&Sd&csufrsm;udk twefBumaqG;aEG; wdkifyifBuygonf/ rnfuJhodkY wifavQmufBu&rnfudkvnf; nSdESKdif;wdkifyifBuygonf/ yif;wvJpm;BuD; taeNzifh r[m0dok'g©½kHausmif;wdkufrS (ta&SYtuFef; ) wdyd#u"& t*¾r[my@dw? &mZm 0d&mZ*k&k bGJhwHqdyf emrawmf& pHuif;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ wynfh&[ef;tcsdKUwdkY trSKwGifyg0ifaeonfudk Bum;od&Í pdwfraumif; Nzpfrdayonf/ a*goDwm&mr q&mawmfrSmvnf; tusifhodu©mawmfESifh NynfhpHkol yk*¾dkvftausmf NzpfaBumif; Bum;od&í pdwfraumif;Nzpfrdygavonf/ nnDvmcHobif pwifcsdef apha&mufonfNzpfí NrdKU0efBuD;ESpfyg;vnf; a&SUawmfarSmuf tcpm;a&mufvmBuygavonf/ nnDvmcHudkvnf; rSefeef;awmf br,moeaqmifeef;wGif NyKvkyfNrJNzpfygonf/ rSL;BuD;rwf&m aoemywd pHknDcsdefwGif b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; <ua&mufawmfrlvmayonf/ nDvmcH pwifonfESifh wNydKifeuf b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf yif;wvJpm; OD;a&TarmifBuD;tm; tar;awmf&Sdygavonf/ rif;BuD;- ] [Jh ... iarmifBuD;&JY? opfqdrfhrdzk&m; ta&;tcif;twGuf axmufvSrf;&orQ em;awmfqufprf; .... } iarmifBuD; - ] rSefvSyg .. bkef;awmfaBumifh tEG,ftcifrsm; wOD;wa,mufrQ rusef&atmif zrf;qD; csKyfaESmifNyD;aBumif;yg bk&m; .../ } rif;BuD;- ] trSef ulyhHoolwdkYudk ppfaq;a&G;cs,fí uGyfrsuf&rnfvkdY rdefYawmfrlNyD;uNyDbJ .... rqdkifoolrSeforQ tNypfr&Sd uif;vGwfBuapyAsm; .../} iarmifBuD;- ]tEG,ftcifwdkYudk zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif&mwGif usL;ausmfolrSm a*goDwm&mrwdkuf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; om;wynfh NzpfaeygoNzifh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;tm;vnf; csKyfaESmifNyD; &Sdygonf ..../ usL;ausmfol\ tEG,ftcifrsm; tNzpfESifhvnf; r[m0dok'©g½kHausmif;wdkuf pHuif;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ wynfhom;tcsdKUwdkY yg&SdaeygoNzifh rnfuJhodkY ta&;,l tNypfay;&rnfudk trdefYawmfrSwfawmfrlyg rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; .... / } rif;BuD;- ] wynfhraumif; q&mhacgif;? om;orD; raumif; rdbacgif; qdkbdodkY? wynfhwm0ef


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q&mwGif &SdordkY ighq&myifNzpfvifhupm; tNypf&Sdooludk tNypf,laprSom w&m;rif;ppf {uefNzpfrnfy .../ uGyfrsufrSKom NyKyap iarmifBuD; .... } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ pum;tqHk;wGif OD;a&TarmifBuD;rSm apm'u rwufomawmhoNzifh .... ] Asm'dwfawmfNrwf twdkif;ygbk&m; ...../ } [k wifavQmufvdkuf&ygonf/ opfqdrfhta&;udpö NyD;NywfNyD;aemuf nDvmcHwGif NynfwGif;Nynfy ta&;wdkYudk oufqdkif&m Xme 0efBuD;? 0efuav;? twGif;0ef ponfwdkYESifh wdkifyifaqG;aEG;NyD; tcgawmfaphrS nnDvmcH obifudk &kyfodrf;vdkufygawmhonf/ NrdKU0efrif;ESpfyg;vnf; nDvmcHtpJwGifrS yif;wvJpm;BuD;u ]usKyfpdwftxifu r[m0dok'©g½kHausmif;wdkuf pHuif;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; om;wynfhrsm; yg0ifonf[k Bum;&uwnf;u onftrSKawmh ayghavsmhwef&JhvkdY ,HkrSwfrdorQ tNrifeJY uGJvGJoGm;oAsm; ... / } ] [kwfoAs .... yif;wvJpm;BuD;rSwfovkd a*goDwm&mr q&mawmf qdkwmvnf; usKyfwdkY rdzk&m;BuD;rsm;&JU q&mwum NzpfaeNyefawmh ayghavsmhwefaumif;&JYvkdY xifrdoAs .... / } yif;wvJpm; - ] tdrf; ..... usKyfwdkYuawmh rif;ca,musfm;qdkawmh rif;BudKufvkdufNyD; vkyfaqmifBu&avraygh .../ NrdKU0efrif; qufvufppfaq;rSK NyKomNyKoy .. / tm;vHk;NynfhpHkwJhaeY trdefYawmftwdkif; vTwfoifhoolvTwf uGyfrsufoifhool uGyfrsufvkduf½kHbJ ... / } NrdKU0efrif;ESifh yif;wvJpm;BuD;wdkYvnf; bD½kdvSnf; udk,fpDNzifh udk,foufqdkif&modkY udk,fpD xGufcGmoGm;Buavonf/ opfqdrfhrdzk&m; trSKESifhywfowfí zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;Ncif; cHxm;&aom &[ef;&Sifvlrsm;aBumifh tkwfatmfaomif;eif;Nzpfcg xifaBu;trsdK;rsdK; ay;aeBuygonf/ ae&mwumwdkif;wdkYwGifvnf; udk,fvdk&m udk,fqGJ,lNyD; wD;wdk;aNymqdkaeBuygonf/ omoemh'g,umbGJY cH,lí omoemNyKrnfh rif;w&m;BuD;u þuJhodkY &[ef;awmfrsm;udk ruGyfrsufwefaumif; aemufaemifwGif ,ckuJhodkY tvm;tvmrsm; yaysmufapbkdYom tNypf&Sdolrsm;udk zrf;qD;tusOf;cs tNypfay;Ncif; NzpfaBumif;wdkYudkom vufwdkYaNymaeBuonf/ pdwf0rf;awmfaNy taeawmfusvmygu usL;ausmfolrSwyg; tm;vHk;udkyif NyefvTwfvdrfhrnfNzpfaBumif; xifaBu;ay;olrsm;vnf; &SdBuygonf/ xdkaumv[mv owif;trsdK;rsKd;udk acszsufonfhowif;wck rBumrDS a&Teef;awmfBuD;qDrS NyifyodkY aygufBum;vmygawmhonf/ taqmif&? eef;& rdzk&m;BuD;wdkY? tBuD;tuJ rdzk&m;BuD;wpkwdkY rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; avQmufxm;Buonf[k Bum;&ayonf/ usL;ausmfolESifh udk,fxdvufa&muf tm;ay;tm;aNrSmufNyKol opfqdrfhrdzk&m;ESifh tysKdawmfESpfa,mufudkom xdkufoifhaom tNypfay; qHk;rNcif;NyKvkyfNyD; usef &[ef;&Sifvlrsm;tm; tNypfawmfrS csrf;omcGifhay;yg&ef Nzpfayonf/ b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;uvnf; r,frif;wdkYyg aemufwBudrf onftrSKrsKd; rusL;vGef0hHap&ef Nyif;Nyif;xefxef ta&;,l erlemNyoonfh oabmNzpfí trdefYawmfNrwftwdkkif; uGyfrsuf&rnf[k aNymBum;awmfrlí aemufwBudrfrQyif rwifavQmuf0hHawmhaBumif;yif Nzpfygownf;/ &mZ*k&k bGJYwHqdyfawmf& q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;Nzpfonfh o*FZmq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;yif oGm;a&mufarwÅm&yfcHcJhonfudk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u qdwfqdwfaecJhonfhtwGuf vufavQmhNyefcJh&ayonf/


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xkdowif;rsm;aBumifh eef;awmftwGif; BoZmanmif;onfqdkaom Aef;armfq&mawmf? &Srf;uav;uRef; q&mawmfBuD;rsm;yif rodusdK;uRefNyK aeBuavonf/ i,f&G,fol ausmif;om;&SifomraPrsm;udkom uif;vGwfapNyD; &[ef;awmfESpfusdyf? omraP av;0wfaBumifaNcmufaygif; oHk;usdyfwdwd wdkYudk uGyfrsufokwfoif&ef &ufowfrSwfvkdufygawmhonf/ (4) awmifpG,faeuG,fvQif owfNzwf&rnfhaeY? eHeuftm&kPfwufcsdefwGif ta&SYwHcg;rS awmifa0S;wacsmif;axmufí q&mawmfBuD;wyg; wHcg;udkvma&mufNyD; awmifa0S;Nzifh acgufygavonf/ wHcg;rSL; tar;tavQmuf&Sdí yxr a&Tusifq&mawmfbk&m; NzpfaBumif; aNymNycsuft& raeom0ifhaom taBumif;aBumifh wHcg;rSL;u zGifhay;vdkuf&ygawmhonf/ eef;awmft0if opfwyfNrdKU&kd; wHcg;eDawmf a&mufNyefaomf a&S;enf;twdkif; twGif;awmfodkY 0ifcGifhNyKvkduf&ygonf/ b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; pufawmfac:&m rSefeef;aqmifodkY tdyfzefawmfom;rsm; tultnDNzifh a&muf&SdoGm;ygavonf/ b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; pufawmfac:&m ovGefanmifapmif;udk awmifa0S;Nzifh acgufí ESKd;awmfrl&m rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; pufawmfac:&mrS rsufpdzGifh tBunfhwGif yxra&Tusifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;udk Nrifawmfrlí pufawmfac:&mrS csufNcif;wNzKwfxum a&Tusifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;udk ae&mxdkifcif;ay;vsuf OD;csNyD; .... ] toQifbk&m;? rnfodkYaom ta&;tcif;awmftwGuf ,ckuJhodkY tm&kPfwuf <uvm&ygoenf; ... bk&m; ... / } ] wumawmf rif;w&m;BuD;twGuf vmcJh&ygonf ... / wumawmfonf rif;om;b0 igESifhtwl&SdpOfu ightm; omoemh0efxrf;aqmifí omoemudk apmifha&Smufawmfrlyg ... bk&m; wynfhawmfvnf; omoemudk NyKpkESdifaom rif;tNzpf&atmif BudK;yrf;ygrnf[k .. ightm; avQmufwifxm;cJhonfudk rSwfrdygao;\avm .... / } ] rSefvSyg ... bk&m;wynfhawmf avQmufxm;csuftwdkif; omoemudk NyKpkESdifaom rif;tNzpf &&SdNyD;onhfaemuf toQifbk&m;ESifhtwl omoemudk NyKpkvsuf&SdaBumif;yg bk&m;..... / } ] tdrf; ..... omoemudk NyKpkonfh rif;tNzpf cH,lolu omoemtusdK; o,fydk;rnfh &[ef;awmf? oHCmawmfrsm;udk uGyfrsuf&ygoavm....? olYtNypfudk udk,fhtNypf abmufrJhNyK&rnfenf; wumawmf .... / } rif;wkef;rif; w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; twefi,f pOf;pm;awmfrlNyD;aemuf avQmufwifvdkufonf/ ] toQif bk&m; .... bmudk tvdk&Sdygoenf; bk&m; .... / } ] ig tvkd&SdonfrSm omoem wdk;wufxGef;um;zdkYyif Nzpfayonf wumawmf ... / odkYtwGuf omoem NyKpkrnfh &[ef;&Sifvl tm;vHk;udk vGwfapvkdonf wumawmf ... / } ] vGwfap&ygrnf ... bk&m; / } ] vGwfap&&HkNzifh rNyD;aNyESdifao; wumawmf ... / olawmfaumif;wdkYudk NypfrSm;rdaomtNypf wumawmfwGif &Sdaeayonf/ odkYtwGuf tusOf;cscHae&aom &[ef;awmftm;vHk; tNypfrSausacsmatmif wdap0&dwf ouFef;rsm;Nzifh igha&SUwGif ,ckyif uefawmhygav wumawmf ... / }


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] rSefvSyg .. bk&m;/ ,ckyif vGwfapí qGrf;awmfrsm; auR;arG;qufuyfí wdap0&dwf ouFef;awmfrsm; vSL'gef;ygrnf bk&m; .... } [k uwday;&ygavonf/ ( yxr a&Tusifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rSm omoemydkifNzpí tvdkawmf rusvQif rif;w&m;BuD;udkyif awmifa0S;awmfNzifh xdk;wwfonf[k owif;BuD;aeaom q&mawmfNzpfygonf/ ) rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; a&Tusifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;tm; pG,fawmfaqmifwGif yifhzdwfí tm&kHqGrf;uyfvSLygonf/ qGrf;bkef;ay;aeocdkuf tcsKyftusOf;cscH &[ef;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;ESifh vl0wfaBumifrsm;onf trdefYawmfNzifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; &Sd&modkY a&muf&Sdvmygavonf/ xkdyk*¾KvfwdkYudk NrdKU0efBuD; ESpfyg; bD&kdvSnf;Nzifh yifhaqmifac:vmNcif; Nzpfavonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; yxra&Tusif omoemydkif q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; tvdkawmftwdkif; qGrf;rsm; vkyfauR;qufuyfNyD;aemuf wdap0&dwf ouFef;rsm;vSL'gef;í tNypfrSausacsmatmif awmif;yef&ygonf/ xkdonfhaemuf oDwif;oHk;&m ausmif;wdkuftoD;oD;odkY vkdufvH ydkYaqmifay;vkdufygawmhonf/ xdkaeYrSpí b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf ] avSBuD;ay: avSi,fwif/ yJhNyifuvSKyf? vSKdif;uykwf } vm&aom ta&;tcif;twGuf rarhravsmhEdSifbJ Nzpfay:vm&onfh taBumif;tNcif;t&mwdkYudk aBunufpGm tNyefNyef tvSefvSef oHk;oyfygonf/ NzpfcJhorQaom tNzpfwdkY\ ZpfNrpftaBumif;udk csifhwGufawmfrlonf/ rdzk&m;wyg; &&SdcHpm;tyfaom tcGifhta&;ESifh tmPmpnf;pdrf csrf;om? rif;csrf;om wdkYum; avmuwGif ESKdif;,SOfwky r&ESdifavaom avmuD pnf;pdrf csrf;omwdkYyif r[kwfygvm;/ odkYayrifh xdkt&mwdkYxuf cHkrifwG,fwm rufarmpGmNzifh toufudk pGefY0efYavmufatmif Nzpfay:vm&aom tNzpfwdkY\ taNzum; tb,fenf;/ xdktaNzudk rif;w&m;BuD; awGY&SdayNyD/ ] igonf a&aNrhoeif; Nynfh&Sifrif; Nzpfacsí ightvdkawmf&Sdawmfrlwdkif; NynfhpHk&onfcsnf;yif/ igonf Eke,fysdKNrpfqJ tcsdeft&G,fyif &SdaeqJyif/ ig\ pGrf;yum;Nzifh oif;wdkY cHpm;vdkaom avmuDpnf;pdrf umr*kPf&rufudk ÍmPfawmfzufí ig\ rdzk&m;taygif;wkdYtm; tvkdawmf Nynfh0apthH } [k BuHK;0g;awmfrlvsuf i,fuRef vufpGJawmfBuD; OD;a&TarmifBuD;tm; ] igh rdzk&m;rsm; taqmifeef;odkY igudk,fawmful;onfh tcsdefem&D aeY&ufwdkYudk pm&if;zGifh rSwfwrf;xm;&Sdap/ rdzk&m;wdkYtm; wnvQif wyg;us tvSnfhawmfay;&rnf/ rnfonfh rdzk&m;taqmifawmfrS pwifí rnfonfhaeY&uf rnfonfhtaqmifawmful;&rnfqdkaom tpDtpOf pm&if;Z,m; ESifhwuG ig\ tvdkawmfudk od&SdNyD;aom i,fuRef iarmifBuD;u aeYpOf ightm; nnDvmcH rwdkifrSD wifqufap/ } [k trdefYawmfNrwf rSwfvdkufygavonf/ Nrefrmrif;qufaygif; (186) quf? ESpfaygif; (3000) eD;yg;rQ? NrefrmESdifiHawmfudk waumif;NrdKUrS pwifwnfaxmif tkyfpdk;cJhaom Nrefrmrif;taygif;wdkY udk,fa&;rSwf&mrsm;udk &SmazGpl;prf; avhvmcJhaomvnf; rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD; rSwyg; rdzk&m; taqmifawmful; rSwfwrf; xm;&SdcJhonf[k rBum;zl;? rawGYzl;rdyg/ xl;Ncm;pGm aqmifawmful;rSwfwrf; zGifhvSpfxm;&SdcJhaom wyg;wnf;aom rif;Nzpfonf/ b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; pdwfawmfBunfomaom aeYwaeYwGif i,fuRefawmf vufpGJawmfBuD; OD;a&TarmifBuD;rSm pum;pyfrdonfh tNzpfaBumifh ... ] uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; apmifha&Smufxdrf;odrf;&awmfrlaom aqmifawmful;rSwfwrf;udk emrawmftopfaNymif;í om;pyfrSwfwrf;[k aNymif;vGJ ac:a0:awmfrlcGifh NyKawmfrlygbk&m; .... } [k em;awmftavQmufwGif aomufawmfa& a&Tzvm;Nzifh OD;a&TarmifBuD; ezl;udk b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; xkawmfrlvdkufí OD;a&TarmifBuD; ezl;awmf ]zk} oGm;ygavonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;\ ezl;awmfBuD;rSm 1 &ufrS 10 &ufrQESifhvnf; raNyaysmufonfukd NrifBu&aom 0efBuD;rsm;? 0efav;rsm; awGU&Sdí ar;awmfrlBuaomtcg OD;a&TarmifBuD;u ] rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ aqmifBumNrdKif rSwfwrf; ta&;tom; csdKU,Gif; cRwfacsmfrdonfudk


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tNypfawmf,lum a&Tzvm;awmfNzifh xkawmfrlaomaBumifh ezl;awmf ]zk} &Ncif; NzpfaBumif; ar;Nref;pHkprf;olrsm;tm; NyefvnfaNymNyí waomaom &,fBuaom[l\/ xkdaeY xkd&uf xkdtcsdeftcgrSpí wnvQif waqmifus ul;awmfrlaom b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; 63 yg;rQ &Sdaom rdzk&m;rsm;u taqmifawmful; &ufa0; tvSnfhay;enf;onfudk OD;a&TarmifBuD;tm; qE´Ny ta&;qdkBuygonf/ xkdNyóem pwifay:aygufvmNyD;onfhaemuf csD;usL;tHhBozG,f r,HkBunfESdifzG,faumif;aom Armh aq;ynm tpGrf;Nzihf rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;\ rdzk&m;BuD; taygif;wkdYtm; ESdifeif;pGm xdef;csKyf uGyfuJawmfrlcJhyHkwdkYonf pHwif&avmufayonf/ rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ewf&Gmvm;awmfrlcsdefwGif rdzk&m;aygif; 80 &Spfusdyfwdwd usef&SdcJhaBumif; tcsdKUaom &mZ0if okawoDrsm;yif rod&Sdvkdufyg/ &ifoyftHhBo csD;rGef;zG,faumif;aom Nrefrmh aq;ynm pGrf;yum;udk tacscHxm;í Nzpfay:vm&aom rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ aqmifBumNrdKif yHkNyifaygif;rSmvnf; t&mru taxmifrQavmufyif rSwfwrf; rwif&ao;bJ vlxkxJwGif w0Jv,fv,fNzifh a&S;pum;tNzpf usef&Sdae&pfao;onfudk tcGifh&vQif pmzwfolrsm;odkY pkaqmif;wifNyay;ESdif&ef BudK;pm;ygrnfhtaBumif; owif;aumif;yg;&if; ] yJhNyifuvSKyf? vSKdif;uykwf } om;pyfrSwfwrf;udk ed*kH;csKyfvkdufygonf/

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apmifhpm;&if; ta&SUbufqDodkY vSrf;arQmftBunfhvkdufwGif zefae0if;onf BuufaoG;t&ifha&mifNzmvsuf avmu"gwftm; tvif;a&mifay;aqmifa&;wm0efudk xrf;&Guf&ef tvdkYiSm ay:xGufvmygavonf/ xdka&mifeDESifh xdkOBooHaumif;rSKwdkYaBumifh pum;yifonf t&kd;NydKif;NydKif;usatmif &Gufa[mif;awG vGifhaBuGavNyDudkvJ owdNyKrdvmygonf/ wzef OBooHu qufumqufum wGefBuL;oH vmawmhrnfqdkygvQif pdrf;cdkcdk pum;&Guf EkEkxGwfxGwfwdkYtBum;0,f qGwfqGwfNzLaom pum;yGifhawG a0vmBuOD;rnf/ tuRefonf csdKomaom OBooHudk em;axmif&if; ESpfopfudk arQmfrSef;Bunfhrdygonf/ ydawmufyifonfvnf; wmtul;wGif a&T&nfvl;aom tzl;tyGifhwdkYNzifh a0qmpGm wifhw,fayOD;awmhrnfudk tm;,larQmfrSef; Bunfhrdayonf/ tawG;wdkYtBum;0,f ai;arsmf,rf;a,mfaeqJwGif i,fuRefvufpGJawmfu owday;vkdufoNzifh vGifhysHUaeaom pdwftm&kHwdkYudk pkpD;um Nrif;ay:odkY vTm;ueJwufNyD; a&Teef;awmfBuD;qDodkY Nrif;udk tNyif;ESifcJhygavonf/ twGif;opfwyf wHcg;eDawmfta&muf tapmifhwHcg;rSL;u ..... ] a[h .... &yf/ tolenf;...} [k tar;awmf&SdNyeí..... ] wHcg;rSL; usKyf yif;wvJpm; a&TarmifBuD yav ... } [k NyefaNymvkduf&onf/ tuRef\ wHkYNyefoHudk NyefvnfaNzBum;Ncif; r&Sdaomfvnf; wHcg;rSm yGifhvmygonf/ xdkyGifh[vmonfh tcsufuyif tuRefYtm; oGm;cGifhNyKonfudk em;vnfvdkuí Nrif;udk BudrfNzifh wcsuf qwfí&kdufvdkufygawmhonf/ ocifh tvdkudkodaom odaE¨mrsdK; pyftkef;cGefacsm pD;awmfNrif;onf tuRefYtm; w[kefxkd; eef;awmfOD;qDta&muf o,faqmifoGm;ygavonf/ vsifNrefvSaom t[kefaBumifh vufypfwwGwftwGif; ta&SUprkwfawmfBuD; avScg;a&SUta&mufwGif Nrif;ay:rS qif;vdkufygonf/ atmufa&mufonf qdkvQifyif tdyfzefawmfom;rsm;udk awGY&ygonf/ tuRefu rnfolrnf0g[k rodaomfvnf; tuRefYudk odaom xkdtdyfzefawmfom;vufodkY Nrif;Zufudk ay;tyfvkdufNyD; prkwfawmfBuD; vuf0JavScg;rS eef;awmfBuD;ay:odkY cyfaomhaomh wufoGm;rdygonf/ ( ta&SUprkwfawmfBuD;[kac:aom eef;awmfta&SUbufydkif;wGif avScg;oHk;oG,fwdkYonf uyfvsuf,SOfwGJí &dSygonf/ tv,favScg;rSm rif;wufavScg;Nzpí &Sifbk&ifrSwyg; rnfolrQ rwuf&yg/ 0Jbuf? ,mbuf avScg;wdkYrSom eef;wGif;ol? eef;wGif;om;rsm;ESifh tNcm;olrsm; wufa&mufBu&ygonf.... pma&;ol) ta&SUprkwfawmfBuD;rS ywfí aNreef;awmf oD[moeyv’if awmifbufab;uyfvsuf auGUywfNyD; rSefeef; pEkaqmifodkY ul;0ifcsdefwGif tdyfzefawmfrSL; uzdk;nGefYESifh awGYygonf/ ] r*Fvmyg 0efrif;/ eHeufapmapm uaomuarmeJY b,fvkdta&;tcif;rsm;eJY b,fudk <urvkdYygvJ...../ ] rSefayoAQ .../ b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u tac:awmf&Sdaew,f .../ csufcsif; vmcJh&r,fqdkwJh trdefYawmfNrwfaBumifh uaomuaNrm Nzpf&oAQ .../} [k pum;udk w0ufwysufaNym&if; qufraNymEkdifawmhyJ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; pufawmfrl&m rSefeef;awmf tdyfzefawmfaqmifodkYom taomhul;0ifvkdufygawmhonf/ b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifh tuRefwdkY þwpfBudrf awGYqHk&Ncif;rSm ra‘rSmfvifhaom awGYqHkrSKyifNzpfygonf/ tuReftaeNzifh &ifwGif;ü b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ &kyfvu©Pmudk vHk;0arhavsmhoGm;NyD[k rqdkomaomfvnf; yif;wvJNrdKUü&dSaecsdef oHk;vaom umvtwGif;


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] rSefvSyg ... b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;/ uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; tydkifpm;&aom e,fy,fa'oodkY uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; roGm;a&muf&rSDumv t&Sifh tyg;awmfwGif z0g;? aNcxyf cpm;vsuf&SdpOf udk,fawmf\ tom;ta&wdkYonf pdkaNy NynfhNzdK;ygonf/ ,ck b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD; xHawmftyg; uRefawmfrsdK; Nyefvnfa&muf&Sd cpm;csdefwGif udk,fawmfbk&m;\ t&nftaoG;awmfwdkYrSm ndK;avQmfvsuf &Sdonfudk Nrif&rdaBumif;ygbk&m; ... / } ] tdrf; .... [kwfayoAs/ vGefcJhwJh wvavmufupNyD; igudk,fawmfNrwfrSm ESvHk;wkef &ifckefawmfrlonfhtwGuf orm;awmfBuD;rsm;eJY wdkifyifum aq;awmfrsm;pm;oHk;cJhayr,fh roufombl; iarmifBuD;&Jh ... / } ] rSefvSyg ... rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ 0efrif;BuD;rsm;NzpfBuaom uif;0efrif;BuD;? cefywfrif;BuD;? a&TNynf0efBuD;? wdkif;wm;rif;BuD;rsm;wdkYu tBuHÍmPfawmfrsm; ray;qufBuaybl;vm; bk&m; ... / } ] orm;[l;&m;rsm; ay;qufawmfrlaom aq;awmfrsm; aomufaomfvnf; raysmufuif;awmfrlí olwdkYvJ avmuD aA'ifudef;cef;t& ZD0dw'ge? ,Bwm? "gwf&kduf "gwfqif paom bk&m;uk orm;awmfrsm;udkvnf; taqmif&? eef;& rdzk&m;BuD;rsm;ESifh armif;rrdwfoHrsm; wdkifyifNyD; igudk,fawmft&SifNrwftwGuf NyKvkyf aqmuf&GufBuayrJh rxl;Ncm;vSbl; iarmifBuD;&Jh ... / odkYrkdYaBumifh igudk,fawmfNrwf eiftcpm; 0ifa&mufcsdefxd rapmifhbJ tac:awmf&Sdvkduf&Ncif;y ... / } ] b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; aq;awmfqufonfh txJwGif? bk&m;uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;wdkYESifh t&Sifh ta&;awmf ay:cdkufwkef;u wkdufazmf? ckdufzufNzpfaom Nrif;pD;&JbufAdkvfa[mif; orm;awmfBuD; icJ aq;awmfrsm; yg0ifawmfrlyg&Jhvm; bk&m; .... / } ] orm;awmf icJ[m i,f&G,fol NzpfaeordkYaBumifh orm;awmfBuD;rsm; qufoaom aq;awmfrsm;om pm;oHk;&ayao;w,f iarmifBuD;&Jh ... / icJ[m orm;awmf tNzpfeJY trSKxrf;aqmifaeayrifh .. olYaq;awmfrsm;udk igudk,fawmfwdkif rpm;oHk;bl;ao;ordkY icJ taBumif;awmh aumif;aumif; rod&ao;bl;y ... / } ] rSefvSyg bk&m; ... t&Sifbk&m; pGJuyfaom a0'emtwGuf icJESifh wdkifyifí aqmif&GufcGifh ay;awmfrlyg/ ukvm;NzLvlrsdK; aq;0g;rsm;ESifh ukvm;rJvlrsdK; aq;0g;awmfrsm;vnf; atmufNynf '*kefwGif aygrsm;vSaBumif; Bum;rdbl;í pdk;&drfaESmif;vkdY aBumifhBuawmfrl&ef r&SdaBumif;yg bk&m; .... / } ] aumif;ayoAsm ... aumif;ayAs/ omayrifh igudk,fawmfNrwf taeNzifh ukvm;NzLa&m? ukvm;rJ vlrsdK;rsm;&Jh aq;0g;awmfawGudk rrSD0Jvdkbl; iarmifBuD;&Jh ... / } ] b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tvkdawmfus Nzpfap&ygrnf bk&m; ... / ukvm; tNzL? trJwkdY aq;rrDS0JvkdvQif pdefYwkdif;NynfrS orm;awmfBuD;rsm;vnf; &Sdygao;onf ... / wkdif;&if;om; vlrsdK; tEG,f0if &Srf;aq;,Gef; aq;awmfrsm;vnf; trsm;tNym; &Sdao;aBumif;ygbk&m; .. / uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; udk,fwdkif aq;ynm&yfrsm;udk uRrf;usifol icJESifh wdkifyifí aq;awmfrsm; pD&ifEkdifatmif BudK;pm;ygrnf b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; .... / } ] tdrf; .... aq;awmftwGuf tvdk&Sd&mrsm;udk 0,f,l&ef? pkaqmif;&ef iarmifBuD; tvkd&Sd&mudk a&Twdkufawmf0efxHrS trdefYawmfNrwfcH,lNyD; tvkd&SdorQ a&T? aiG b@mwkdYudk xkwf,loHk;pGJcGifh &SdapAsm; ... }


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tuRefvnf; aNcawmfOD;cdkuf&if; rif;w&m;BuD; xHyg;rS xGufcGmvmcJhygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a&Tpdwfawmf rBunfom usef;*efawmfrrlaBumif; awGUNrif&onfh taBumif;csif;&wdkYaBumifh tuRef\ pdwf0,f av;vHxkdif;rSKdif; ae&ygavonf/ tuRefU wudk,fvHk;vnf; acR;ap;rsm;Nzifh epfvsuf&Sdavonf/ tuRefYudk,fay:rS acR;&nfwdkYonf tuRef0wfqifvmcJhaom awmif&Snf BudK;ykqdk;ESifh w&kwfydk; tay:0wf odk&if;tuFsD wckvHk; a&zsef;qGwfxm;ouJhodkY &TJ&TJpdkvsuf &Sdygavonf/ pGwfpdkaeaom t0wfNzifh Nrif;udk taomhESifcJhí wkd;a0SYvmaom avt&SdefwdkYonfvnf; tuRefY &ifxJ? 0rf;xJwGif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;twGuf ylyifNcif;? Nyif;Nyaeaom pdwfESvHk;udk at;csrf;atmif rNyKEkdifcJhay/ xdkodkY ylyefpdwfaZmaqmifaeaomaBumifh a&mif;&if; taygif;toif;Nzpfaeaom icJ xHodkY tultyHh&,l&ef Nrif;udkESifvmcJhNcif; Nzpfavonf/ icJrSm bk&ifh orm;awmftNzpf trSKawmf xrf;&Guf&aomfvnf; eef;awmftwGif; tcsdefNynfh wm0efxrf;&Guf&ol r[kwfrlí NrdKUawmftNyif taemufawmfydkif; rvGefrif;om; tydkifpm;&m rvGef&yfuGufwGif aexdkifygonf/ a&Teef;awmfBuD;ESifh c&D;wpfwkdifomom ta0;av;yif &Sd&kd;rSefaomfvnf; a&mufcJvSonf[k xifrSwfaeygonf/ r*FvmwHcg;rS xGufcJhNyD;aemuf wHwm;ausmfcg uHsK;tNyif a&muf&SdonfESifh wNydKifwnf; Nrif;udkBudrfwdkYí cyfokwfokwfyif tNyif;pD;rdygonf/ Nrif;pD;&if;ESifh b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ta&;awmf ay:cJhpOftwGif;u icJ? ipHBuD;? ia&Tab;wkdYESifhtwl trSKawmfxrf;&GufyHkwdkYudk Nyefvnf trSwf&vmygonf/ rif;wkef;rif;om; a&TbdkNrdKUvkyfBuH&ef ipDqdkolESifh Buufwuf&Gmom; ibdk;wkdYtm; a&TbkdNrdKUtwGif; &kyfzsuf0ifa&mufapum tcsufay; rD;tNycdkif;ygonf/ Nruef&GmolBuD; ia&ToD;udkvnf; rkeftm wHwm;Nyifu rD;Nyapygonf/ csdef;csufqdkonfhtwdkif; rD;NyonfESifh wNydKifwnf; NrdKUNyif&Sd &Jbuf Nrif;wyfAdkvfa[mif; icJ ( yk*Hrif; trSKawmfxrf;pOfu icJudk t*Fvdyf? Nrefrm ppfyGJtwGuf &Jbuf Nrif;wyfAdkvf cefYtyfí atmufNynf&Gm&Sd ppfaNrodkY ydkYcgeD;tcdkuftwefYwGif rif;wkef;rif; ta&;awmf ay:vmonfí¼ yk*Hrif;xH raeawmhbJ rif;wkef;rif;om; aemufawmf ygvmcJhí trSKawmfudk xrf;olNzpfonf /) ia&Tab;? ipHBuD;? ia&TokdufESifh tuRefwdkYudk,fwdkif BuyfBuyfrwfrwf uGyfuJxm;aom rif;wkef;rif;om;BuD;\ wyfrsm;onf NrdKUxdyfuaeí NrdKU0effi0dkif;wyfrsm;udk yrmPrNyKbJ 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufBuyHkawGudkvnf; owd&vmygonf/ NrdKUaygufaomaBumifh NrdKU0effi0dkif;vnf; olUwyfudk olrpnf;Buyf? ruGyfuJEkdifawmhbJ udk,fvGwf&kef;í xGufaNy;oGm;&ygavonf/ i0dkif; xGufaNy;oGm;NyD;aemuf NrdKUudk trdt& odrf;rdNyDNzpfí rif;wkef;rif;om;BuD; a&TbdkNrdKUudk tNrefvma&muf odrf;ydkufawmfrlyg[k icJwdkYu Nrif;vsifapvTwfí avQmufxm;onfwdkYaBumifh 1214 ckESpf? Nymodkvqef; 12 &ufaeYwGif rif;wkef;rif;om;BuD; &wemoD*F D? a&TbdkNrdKUodkY a&muf&Sdvmum NrdKU0efi0dkif;tdrfwGif pHaeawmfrlonf/ &ufrsm;rBumrDS aemufrScsDvmaom uaemifrif;om;wyf a&TbdkodkY qkdufa&mufvmaBumif;awGudkyg wa&;a&;ESifh Nrifa,mifvmygonf/ tr&yl&udk vkyfBuH&mwGifvnf; ppfudkif; ppfaBumif;udk vSawmfBuD;&Gmom; Nrif;wyfAdkvf ia&TNyifudk AdkvfcsKyftNzpf cefYtyfOD;pD; wkdufcdkufapcJhygonf/ yk*Hrif;wyfrsm;udk vSKdifrif;om; OD;pD;í prGef;BuD;&GmrS apmifhBudK&if; wdkufcdkufonfaBumifh wdkufyGJBuD; NzpfyGm;cJhayonf/ xkdwdkufyGJwGif icJ tpGrf;NycJhyHkwdkYrSm vlwdkif; yg;pyfzsm;wGif a&yef;pm;aeaom yHkyrmuJhodkYyif NzpfcJhygavonf/ "g;xufaom uaemifrif;om; tdrfa&SUpH udk,fawmfBuD;rSm icJ\ vkyf&nfBuH&yfudk od&Sdawmfrlí


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tNrifhodkYa&muf&SdcsdefwGif icJudk ppfwyftwGif; AdkvfrSL;tNzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef tcGifhta&; ay;oem;cJhonf/ icJrSm wm0ef0wÅ&m;t&om wkduf&cdkuf&aomfvnf; pdwfarGYavsmf aysmfydkufNcif;r&SdaBumif;? uaemifrif;om;BuD;tm; avQmufwif Niif;y,fonfaBumifh olwwfodaom aq;ynmNzihf orm;awmft&may; aNrSmufpm;Ncif; cHcJh&ayonf/ icJrSm bk&ifhorm;awmf 10 yg;wGif wyg;tygt0if Nzpfaomfvnf; &Sifbk&ifudk,fwdkif toHk;rNyKbl;aBumif; ,ckrSyif od&Sd&ygavonf/ xkdonfaBumifh icJrSm eef;NrdKUNyifwGif aexdkifyHk&avonf/ olUudk csD;NrSifhaNrSmufpm;aom uaemifudk,fawmfBuD;\om;awmf rvGefrif;om;ESifh twl aexkdif[ef&Sdayonf/ rvGef&yf&Sd rvGefaps;rSm NrdKUNyif&Sd aps;rsm;tm;vHk;wkdYwGif tBuD;qHk;Nzpfí taumufcGefudk rvGefrif;om;yif &,lydkifcGifhudk bBuD;awmfol b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u tydkifpm; ay;xm;cJhNcif;Nzpfayonf/ rvGef&yf&Sd icJtdrfodkY tuRefa&muf&SdcsdefwGif tNcm; wpdrf;w&H {nfhonfESpfa,mufESifh pum;aNymaeonfudk awGU&ygavonf/ tuReftm; icJu ..... ] [,f .... yif;wvJpm; iarmifBuD;ygvm; ... / b,fokdYaom tcsif;&yfNzifh ightxH vmbdoenf; .../ tdrfoloufxm; emrusrf;íavm ... / } ] r[kwfaybl;y icJ&? rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;twGuf eifESifh igwdkifyifí tusdK;o,fydk;&ef vmcJhNcif;ayyJ ... } ] todkY qdkavoenf;/ b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;wGif Nynfh&Sifrif; tNzpfudk &,latmif BuHaqmif&NyD;onfhaemuf rnfodkYaom ta&;tcif;onf eifESifhigwdkYtwGuf tcsuf &Sdavygoenf; ... / vGefcJhaom q,fESpfausmftwGif; wkdYrsm;twl toufESifhvJí xrf;&Guf0efwm NyD;qHk;avrS igwdkY eifwdkY tultnDonf xl;Ncm;tHhavm ... / } ] awmfprf;y icJ&m ...../ eifonfom orm;[l;&m; tNzpfcH,lxm;oolrdkY awGYNrifoolrsm;tay: rapmaBum rar;rprf;yJ aomuf&rf; q&mrvkyfygavESifh/ igvmonfhta&;rSm b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; rusef;cefYawmfrlonfh ta&;omy .... / } ] tvdk ..... usef;cefYawmf rrlbl; [kwfp ... / igvGefcJhonhf oDwif;ywf cpm;0ifpOfu rmcsmao;o[ ... / udk,fawmf tenf;i,f BuHKvDSoGm;onfrSty wNcm; bmrQ igrNrif ... / olYwGif orm;[l;&m;tdkwdkY NcH&Haeo[maBumifh igtodkY NyK&tHhenf; ... / } ] eifhpum; ighem;todyg? icJ&m ... / eifhaq;0g;udk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; rrDS0JonfhtwGuf eifrauseyfawmfrlw,f r[kwfvm; ... / tJho[m rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tvdkawmf r[kwfbl;As ... / } ] rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m; Bum;odawmfrl&if eifhpum;aBumifh ig'Pfoifhaeyr,f iarmifBuD;&m/ olwdkY tbd ( pBuma'0D awmifeef;pHESifh qifNzLr&Sif rdzk&m;wdkYudk qdkvdkNcif;Nzpfonf /) cHkawmfysdKrS orm;tdkrS qdko[maBumifh igvJ ta0;uaeNyD; arwÅmawmf ydkYqufvsufyg... / iarmifBuD;&m ight&Sif ocift&if;ayyJ ... / } ] at;y[,f ... o[maBumifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; usef;cefYbdkYta&; igawG;rdvkdY eifhqDvmoaygh ... / } ] onfvdkqdk&if rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk em;awmfqufcJhNyDaygh [kwfvm; ... / igu rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;twGuf b,fvdkaqmif&Gufay;&r,fqdkwm odprf;y&apvuGm ... / tem&Sd&if


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aq;&Sdonfy iarmifBuD;& ... / } ] vm&if; tvdkuawmh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;[m ttdyftae enf;yg;&NyD;? ESvHk;wkef &ifckefawmfrlw,fvkdY rdefYqdko[ ... / udk,fawmfvJ tawmfcsHK;NyD; rsufvHk;awmfawGyif ndK;avsmfaewm zl;awGY&ayw,f .... / } ] tdrf; ... udk,fawmfBuD; bk&m;u igqufrJh aq;awmfudk aomufoHk;awmfrlvdkw,f qdk&ifNzifh igvdkufBunfh &ayr,f ... / omrSvJ temrod aq;r&Sd qdkovdk rNzpf&raygh ... / } [kaNym&if; icJonf olY{nfhonfrsm;bufodkY vSnfhí ,ckay;vkdufaom aq;rsm;udk,lí tnTef;twkdif; wkdufauW;NyD; reufNzef reuf taBumif;NyefaNym&ef rSmBum;vkdufonf/ temrNrif? aq;rwifESifh? temrod aq;r&Sd? temrydkif aq;rudkifESifh qkdonfh aqmifyk'ftwkdif; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ a0'emawmfudk ukpm;&rnfh ta&;tcif;twGuf vlem\ taNctaeudk ukd,fwdkifudk,fus vkdufvHppfaq;rnf NzpfaomaBumifh eHeufpm xrif;pm;aomuf&ef'‘kwd, ZeD;onf r,ftkef;cdkifudk vSrf;íapckdif;vdkufygonf/ icJwGif twlaeZeD; r,fNidrf;? r,ftkef;cdkif? r,fwkwf? r,fNrdKif av;a,muf&SdaBumif;udkawmh wyftyfodNyD; Nzpfygonf/ usefudk,fvkyfawmf taNrSmifr,m;vnf; trsm;tNym;&SdaBumif; Bum;&bl;aomfvnf;? a&S;u r,HkrBunf&Sdaomfvnf; ,ckawmh icJvuf0,f wckaumif;&Sd&rnf [laom tawG;wkdYu tuRefYtm; tvkyfay;aeygawmhonf/ icJESifh tuRefrSm i,faygif;BuD;azmfrsm; r[kwfBuaomfvnf; rif;w&m;BuD; ta&;awmfrSpí aotwl? &SifruGm trSKawmfxrf;zufrsm; NzpfBuygavonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tNrifhodkYa&muf&Sdí oifhavQmfovkd aNrSmufpm;cH&onfh uRef&if;rSwfwrf;wGif tuRefwdkY ESpfa,mufvnf; yg0ifcJhayonf/ a&mif;&if;rsm;tNzpf r&Sdtwl? &Sdtwl? wpfa,muftdrf wpfa,muf0ifxGuf pm;aomufcJhBuonftxd &if;ESD;cJhBuygavonf/ icJ\ oufxm;tdrfol r,ftkef;ckdif ,lvmcJhaom a'gif;vef;BuD;rS xrif;udk tuRefyg vufaq;&if; twlwuG pm;aomufBuygonf/ i&Hhuifudk ESrf;qD&TJ&TJqrf;? yJeDNyKwfESifh bl;csOf&nf [if;wdkYtNyif rdk;arQmf i&kwfoD;axmif;uav;Nzifh pm;aomufBuygonf/ vufa&wNyifpD; a'gif;vef;BuD;Nzifh t&om&SdpGm pm;oHk;BuNyD;aemuf icJvnf; tuRefESifh twlyif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;xHawmfodkY Nrif;udk,fpD pD;&if; vdkufygvmcJhygonf/ pum;waNymaNymESifh Nrif;udk tom;us pD;ESif;cJh&m wcPtwGif; a&Teef;awmfBuD;qDodkY qdkufa&mufygawmhonf/ b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; nDvmcHobif r0ifawmhonfrSm ,aeY (4) &uf aNrmuf&SdNyD Nzpfygonf/ rSefeef;aqmifawmfwGif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tem; cpm;vsuf&Sdaom qifNzLr&Sif rdzk&m;BuD;ESifh aNcG&H oif;yif;rsm;om &Sdaecsddef Nzpfygonf/ tuRefwdkYvnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; aNcawmf&if;wGif 0yfpif;cpm;&if; ] rSefvSyg ... i,fuRef&if; icJa&muf&Sd cpm;vsuf&SdaBumif;yg rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; } [k icJu wifavQmufvkdufonf/ ] tdrf; ... aumif;oAsm;/ iarmifBuD;eJY twlygvmw,f r[kwfvm; .... } ] bk&m; uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;udk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tvkdawmf&Sdw,f[k yif;wvJpm; iarmifBuD; qifhac:csuft& aNcz0g;awmfatmuf tcpm; a&muf&ygonf ... / toQif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tvdkawmfus vkyfaqmifay;&ef toifh&SdawmfrlaBumif; avQmufxm;0Hhygonf bk&m; ... / } ] [kwfayoAsm; .... igudk,fawm usef;cefYawmfrrlvkdY eef;wGif; orm;[l;&m;rsm; aq;awmfqufBuvdkY oHk;pGJawmfrlwmvJ rxl;Ncm;vSbl; i,fuRefBuD; ... / bvJb&Gmpm;eJYvJ


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tESdyfawmf rNywfqufawmfrlwmvJ rNcm;em;onfudk iarmifBuD; wifavQmufcsufaBumifh icJaq;awmfeJY prf;oyfvdkufawmfrloAs ... } ] trdefYawmfNrwf twdkif;ygbk&m; ... / temESifh aq; oifhatmifay;? aysmufa&;rcufvSygbk&m; ... / temrod? aq;r&Sdovkd Nzpfwwí rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a0'emawmf cHpm;&yHkawGudk rdefYawmfrlygbk&m; ... / } ] onfvkd icJ&/ igudk,fawmfNrwfBuD;rSm vGefcJhaom wvavmufupNyD; ESvHk;wkef &ifckefawmfrlw,f .. } pum;rqHk;rSD armyef;[efESifh acwÅpum; tNzwfvkdufwGif orm;awmfBuD; icJu bk&ifrif;NrwfrdefYawmfrlrnfh pum;rsm;udk BudKíavQmufxm;avonf/ ] rSefvSyg ... / tarm&ifwkef tm;ukef tm;ysufwJhtcg tpm;taomufavsmfyg;í tdyfpufNcif;vJ uif;wwfygonf bk&m; ... / tdyfpufavsmhyg; wHawG;rsm;í &if0rf;wGif; rtDrom rowD&mrS ysdKUtefvdkpdwfrsm;vnf; rBumrBum awGU&wwfygonfbk&m; .... / } ] [kwfayoAsm; ... [kwfayoAsm; .. / icJ avQmufwifcsuf twdkif;ayyJ .. } ] xdkrSwzef a&SUqufNyefaomf aoG;avacsmufNcm;? aBumuftm;awmfydk tvdkvdk pdwf0rf;awmfrus &SdwwfvSí idkcsif&,fcsifovdk Nzpf&ygrnf ... / idk&? &,f& xdkrSpí cHwGif;raumif; udk,fawmfanmif;vsuf umrtm;cef;aNcmuf udk,fhi,fawmfyg nDnDrSm EGrf;acG yef;ao yef;nSKd; ... } pum;rqHk;rD rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u vuf[efNy wm;NrpfawmfrlNyD; ... ] [,f .. icJ? eifyif ihgudk,fwGif; yl;0ifuyfcg BunfhbdodkY &SdvS\/ eifhynmudk ig,Hkpm;awmfrluNyDrdkY igudk,fawmf cHpm;&rSK a0'em tpkpkwdkYudk ukoEkdifvQif ukoygawmh i,fuRefBuD; ..... } [k trdefYawmfNrwf csvdkufonf/ ] rSefvSyg .... b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a&m*ga0'emawmfudk tNrefqHk; BudK;yrf;ukpm;ay;ygrnf bk&m; .. / aq;awmfqufa&;twGuf aq;NyKpkrSKwckom usef&Sdaeao;aBumif;yg bk&m; ... / } þwGif tem;rS cpm;vsuf&Sdaom qifNzLr&Sif tv,feef;raqmifawmf rdzk&m;BuD;rSm orm;awmfBuD; icJESifh b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;wdkY aNymqdkBuyHk tptqHk; Bum;odNyD; ,HkBunftm;xm;vmpdwfNzpfí ... . ] orm;awmfBuD; OD;cJ&Jh aq;0g;awmf ukorSK cH,l&ygvQif rkcs a&m*gawmf aysmufuif;rnf NzpfaBumif; pkpk ,HkBunfawmfrlygonfbk&m; ... } [k axmufcHavQmufwifvdkufavonf/ ] armifbk&m; tvdkawmfvJ usw,f pkBuD;&Jh .. ./ pkBuD; wdkYuvJ ,HkBunfawmfrlw,fqdk&if aumif;oAsm; ..... / } rdzk&m;BuD;bufvSnfh&if; aNym&mrS wqufwnf; icJudkyif .... ] ckeu armifrif; wifavQmufcsufxJrSm aq;NyK&rSK wpfckom usefaeao;aBumif; ygw,frSwfw,f .... / b,fodkYaom taBumif;Ncif;vJ icJ&Jh .. .? a&T? aiG vkdorQ b@mawmfwdkufrS vdkoavmuf xkwf,loHk;pGJapbdkY iarmifBuD;udk trdefYawmfNrwf rSwfNyD;uNyDyJ .... / } ] rSefvSyg ... aq;awmfqufbdkY b@maiGaBu;twGuf r[kwfaBumif;yg bk&m; ... / uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;\ aq;0g;az : pyfrSKudk NyKEdkif&ef rwÅ&me,f vrdkif;awm twGif; aq;yif? aq;Nrpf? aq;O pkaqmif;&SmazGbdkY tcsdefawmf oHk;&ufavmufomvdkaBumif; tcGifhawmif;


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avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m; ... / } ] &SdapAsm; .... / tcsdefawmf tvdk&Sdoavmuf,lí aq;awmfqufapAsm; ... / aq;0g;ukoEkdifa&;twGuf aq;awmf pkaqmif;&ef icJtvdk&SdorQ iarmifBuD;u trdefYawmfoHk;í tultyHh ay;apAsm; ... / } trdefYawmfNrwfrSwfonfudk tuRefwdkY ESpfa,mufpvHk; wNydKifwnf; .... ] Asm'dwfawmfNrwf twdkif;ygbk&m; .. / } [k oHawmfOD;wifí twlwuG a&SUawmfrS xGufcGmvmcJhBuygonf/ tNyefwGif icJudk tuReftdrfodkY zdwfac:í twlvdkufygvmavonf/ icJtm; a&rdk;csdK;NyD;rS Nyef&efwm;Nrpfaomfvnf; aq;awmfpkaqmif;a&;twGuf vrdkif;awmodkY wufa&muf&rnfh tpDtpOfrsm; NyKvkyf&efvnf; &Sdao;? olYaq;0g;rsm; pm;oHk;aeBuaom vlemrsm;udk aq;ywfukefí olc&D;xGufaepOf vma&mufaq;0g;awmif;ygu rnfodkY NyKvkyfaqmif&Guf&rnfwdkYudk rSmBum;p&mawG rsm;Nym;vSonfaBumifh NyefoGm;ygavonf/ icJrNyefrDS rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a&m*gawmftaBumif;ESifh ywfowfí ar;Nref;pHkprf;onfwGif icJu NyHK;aphaphNzifh tuRefYem;odkY wD;wdk;aNymBum; cJhygavonf/ olaq;pkoGm;ocdkuf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; nDvmcHr0ifEkdkifbJ &uftawmfBum Nzpfae&onfh a&m*gawmf taBumif; tNyiftyodkY w&ufr[kwf ESpf&uf trSeftwdkif; aygufBum;&ayvdrfhrnf/ xkdodkY aygufBum;oGm;ygvQif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;twGuf a&m*gawmfaBumifh t&Sufawmf&Edkifaumif;p&m taBumif;&Sdí wckckudk &kd;r,fzGJUapvsuf NyKvkyfxm;oifhaBumif; icJ tBuHOmPfay;cJhygavonf/ xdkonfwdkYaBumifh tuRefvnf; icJESifh aq;awmf twGuf b,aq;Nzpfaom opfO? opfzk? opf&Guf? opfNrpfwdkY pkaqmif;&modkY vkdufygvkdvsufESifhyif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tay: &[ef;&Sifvltaygif;wdkY txifao;apí t&Sufawmf&rnfh udpörS vGJa&Smifay;Edkifap&ef NyKvkyf&rnfh wm0eftwGuf ae&pfcJh&ygonf/ tuReftaeNzifh pOf;pm;&onfrSmvnf; tarmwaumyif Nzpfygavonf/ icJuvnf; twdtus aNymqdk tBuHay;cJhonfr[kwfí aNyvnfNyD;NywfapbdkYrSm tuRefYwm0efvHk;vHk; &SdaeonfhtwGuf tdyfraysmfEdkifatmifyif Nzpf&ygonf/ tuRefonf b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifh q,fhig;ESpfausmfausmf twlwuG aexdkifBuD;Nyif;vmcJh&ol tdrfawmfygwpfa,mufNzpfygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; pdwfoabmawmfudk odwefoí od&SdNyD; Nzpfygavonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf &wemoHk;yg;udk wu,f,HkBunfol? udk;uG,f qnf;uyfvdkol wOD;NzpfaBumif; tuRefYwGif oHo,vHk;0 r&SdcJhyg/ rnfonfhtcgumv rnfonfh a'oae&mrsdK;rsm;wGifvnf; &wemoHk;yg;wnf;[laom bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm xdkoHk;yg;wdkYudk arhavsmhvdrfhrnf r[kwfaBumif; tuRefodygonf/ xdkod&Sdcsufrsm;udk rlwnfí rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;twGuf wynfhvdr®m q&mtmywfvGwfapaom udpörsdK;udk NyKvkyfay;&ef tuRef oHEdXmef csvdkufrdygawmhonf/ aemufwaeY eHeufapmapmwGif tuRefY vl,Hkawmfrsm;Nzifh NrdKUawmfaNrmufbuf&Sd a&TzsOf;nDaemif ewfuGef;udk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefYawmf&Sdav[efNzifh zsufqD;ypfvkdufygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tvdkawmft& ukvm;nDaemif ewfuGef;rSm ewfowfa<uNyD;Nzpfí ewfuGef;&Sdae&ef rvdkvm;tyfawmhaBumif; Oauúma',sNzpfatmif aumv[mv owif;tNzpfvnf; wD;wdk;vTifhvkduf&ygonf/ wD;wdk;owif;onf armif;aBu;eif; cwfwD;ausnm&aom owif;xuf


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ydkrdkysHUESHY vG,fonf[k tuRefarQmfvifhxm;ouJhodkYyif vsifNrefvSygavonf/ eHeufpm pm;tNyD; qGrf;cHNyefcsdefavmufwGif tuRef a&Teef;awmfBuD;xHodkY tcpm; 0ifa&mufcsdefavmufwGif xkdowif;pum;udk vlwdkif;vlwdkif; Bum;odNyD; NzpfaeBuygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tyg;awmfodkY tuRefcpm;0ifaom umvwGif taqmif& eef;& rdzk&m;BuD;wdkY\ rdzk&m;tBuD;csKyf (6) yg; cpm;vsuf&Sdaeygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf orm;awmficJ wifBudKaNymBum;cJhonfhtwdkif; a0'emawmfaBumifh ua,mifuwrf; Nrnfwrf;pyif NyKaeygacsonf/ xkdrdzk&m;rsm;xJwGif yg0ifol tv,feef;rawmf qifNzLr&Sif rdzk&m;wyg;om tenf;i,f ylyefrSKeJ[ef &Sdygonf/ t*¾ra[oD r*Fvma'0D rdzk&m;BuD;onf orm;awmfrsm;tm;vHk; qifhac:í aq;awmfqufa&;twGuf wdkifyif&ef pDpOfaeonfudk tuRef NrifawGY&ygoNzifh raeomawmhyJ qifNzLr&Sif rdzk&m;BuD;tm; t&dyftNcnfNy&if; oHawmfOD;wif&ef&SdaBumif; em;awmfaygufap&ef taqmifawmfrS taNcGt&Hrsm;ESifh xGufcGmawmfrl&if; yef;cHkawmfbufodkY ul;0ifoGm;awmfrlygavonf/ tuRefvnf; watmifhwem;avmuf apmifhqdkif;NyD;rS qifNzLr&Sif rdzk&m;BuD;&Sd&m yef;cHkawmfaqmifodkY ul;0ifa&muf zl;arQmfygonf/ tuRefa&muf&SdoGm;avrS txdef;t&rsm;udk ta0;rScpm;&ef trdefYawmf rSwfvdkufonfhtwGuf tuRefvnf; rdzk&m;BuD;tm; ..... ] toQif rdzk&m;BuD; od&Sdawmfrlonfhtwdkif; orm;awmfBuD; icJ aq;awmfquf&ef aq;0g;pkaqmif;zdkY c&D;xGufoGm;aBumif;yg bk&m; ... / orm;awmfBuD; icJ wifBudKaNymqdkcsuft& rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; pdwfawmfacsmufNcm;í aeawmfrlvQif pdwfawmfyl&ef r&SdaBumif;yg bk&m; .... / } ] rzk&m; taeNzifh orm;awmf OD;cJwifavQmuf aNymBum;csufudk Bum;od&onfhtwGuf OD;cJ aq;awmfqufvQif armifarmifbk&m; a0'emawmf aysmufuif;rnfvdkY ,HkBunfygonf/ '‘gayrifh awmifeef;pH rdzk&m;BuD;trdefYNzifh wNcm; orm;awmfBuD;rsm; aq;awmfqufvQif aq;csufrSm;NyD; armifbk&m;twGufrsm; qdk;0g;aeavrvm;vdkY pdwfawmfrlrdw,f yif;wvJpm;BuD;&JU ... / } ] rSefvSyg ... ylyif&ef r&Sdao;aBumif;yg/ orm;awmfBuD;icJ aq;awmfqufEdkifrnfh &ufavmufom cefYrSef;wGufqNyD; aemifoHk;&ufaNrmufaomaeYwGif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a0'emawmf roufrom&SdvmcJhaomf t&SifqifNzLr&Sif rdzk&m;oabmawmfESifh wNcm; wyg;aom orm;[l;&m;rsm;Nzifh ukocGifh &&Sd&efom t*¾ra[oD awmifeef;pH r*Fvma'0D rdzk&m; (wcsdKU &mZ0ifq&mrsm;u pBuFma'0D [kvnf; qdkBuygonf/ ) BuD;ESifh tpDtpOfom NyKawmfrlxm;ESifhyg bk&m; .... / } ] onfwm0efudk rzk&m; wm0efomxm;vdkufyg.... / NrdKUpm;BuD;wdkY taeeJY orm;awmf OD;cJ aq;awmf tcsdefrDS qufoEdkifzdkY BudK;pm;Buyg ... / } ] rSefvSyg ... BudK;yrf;vsuf &SdaBumif;yg ... / } [k Nyefvnf wifavQmufcJhNyD;aemuf tuRefvnf; icJ b,aq;tpkoGm;onfudk apmifhBudKiHhvifh&if; aq;awmfudk pdwfapmvsuf &Sdaeygonf/ OBoysdK oHcsdKaESmcJhNyD NzpfonfhtwGuf refusnf;&GufEkxGuf&ef yk&pfzl; udk,fpDNzihf t&kd;NydKif;NydKif; xaeaom tudkif;tcufwdkYudk wefqmqifvmayNyD/ awmifO,smOfawmftwGif;rl oaNyikwfwdkYonf oaNyndKwuf wvlvlESifh tnTefYtwufwdkY xGufvmonfudkvnf; awGU&ayNyD/ OBooH ulaESmcsufudk tuRefvnf; emcH&if; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk aq;awmfqufcJhonfrSm ig;&ufyif&SdvmaBumif; trSwf&rdygawmhonf/ aq;awmfqufNyD; ig;&uftwGif; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ a&m*gawmfrSm a&awGYaom BumuJhodkY Nyefvnfvef;qef; pdkaNypNyKvmayNyD/


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b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ESpfNcdKufpGm pufawmfac:ae&mrS pD;csufrSefrSef xGufay:vmaom a[mufoHudk emcH&if; tuRefYtawG;wdkYrSm ysHUvGifhaeygavonf/ onfuaeY icJqufornfh aq;awmftopfrSm uaemif tdrfa&SUpHudk,fawmftm; rNywfqufoae&onfh aq;awmfNzpfaBumif; od&Sd&ayonf/ ,cktBudrf aq;awmftpkoGm;&mwGif icJwdkYtodkuf oufpGefYqHzsm; pGefYpm;rSKudk trSwfrxif awGUBuHK&yHkudk icJNyefvnf aNymNyoNzifh em;axmif&aom tuRefyif BuufoD;xrdygonf/ icJESifh wynfhaygif; 15 a,mufwdkYrSm vrdkif;awmtwGif;rS tvdk&Sdaom b,aq;rsm;udk &SmazG pkaqmif;BuNyD;onfhaemuf aq;awmfwGif yg0ifonfh ausmufaoG;&,lEdkif&ef vrdkif;awmrS ta&SYpl;pl;odkY c&D;qufBuygonf/ awmifay:twuf NyifOD;vGif ra&mufrDS oHk;wkdifavmuftvkdwGif ausmufcsyf ausmufvTmwdkY tBum;rS ,dkpD;Buvmaom ausmufaoG; (ausmufqD? ausmufESpfudk ac:ygonf/ ) rsm; awGY&Sdí 0g;usnfawmufrsm; NyKvkyfxnfhodkaeqJ icJ\ wynfh zdk;rSif atmfoHBum;Bu&onfhtwGuf teD;qHk;vlrsm; NzpfBuaom icJESifh iaygufwdkY zdk;rSif&Sd&modkY ta&mufaNy;Buygonf/ icJwdkY a&muf&SdcsdefwGif zdk;rSifESifh 0uf0HBuD; waumifwdkY olwNyef? igwNyef owfykwfaeonfudk awGYBu&ygonf/ icJvnf; iSufBuD;awmif"g;Nzifh 0uf0Hudk ckwfydkif;&ef "g;rdk;ítoifhNyifxm;aomfvnf; zdk;rSifrSm Avaumif;olNzpí 0HwNyef? zkd;rSif wNyefNzpfaeonfhtwGuf "g;Nzifh ckwfydkif;&ef tcGifhromEkdifcJhyg/ twefBumrS zdk;rSifatmufta&muf icJ\ "g;csufNzifh vusFmeHawmif;rS vuf0JeHawmif;udk xkd;azmufEkdifcJhonf[k aNymygonf/ 0Hukwfonfh 'PfcsufNzifh zdk;rSif rsufvHk;wzuf xGufoGm;ygonf/ &Sm;yg;í &cJvSaom 0efonf;acsESifh zdk;rSif rsufpdwzuf vJvS,f,l&ovkd NzpfaeaomaBumifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; usef;cefYawmfrlvmygvQif *&kPmawmfoufí qkawmf? vmbfawmf &&Sdavatmif aqmif&Gufay;zdkY icJu tuRefYtm; rSmxm;cJhygonf/ t&SifwdkY tusdK;udk oufpGefYBudK;yrf; xrf;&Gufolrsm;udk aNrSmufpm;avh&Sdaom rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; taBumif;udk aumif;pGmod&Sdaom tuRefrSm zdk;rSiftwGuf aqmif&Gufay;&ef oabmwlvkdufygonf/ icJqufornfh aq;awmfonf cufcufcJcJ pkaqmif;&oavmuf wefckd;tmedoif xufrsufvSygonf/ 4if;aq;awmf taBumif;udk aemifwGif vSKdifxdyfacgifwif tdrfa&SYpHrdzk&m; od&SdoGm;NyD;aemuf orm;awmf icJudk ac:,lBudrf;armif;&if; orm;awmfBuD;aq;awmftpGrf;aBumifh ]]pdefNcL;Bumanmif}} abmv,f Nzpfvm&aBumif; nnf;awmfrloNzifh olYaq;awmfudk ]]pdefNcL;Bumanmif aq;awmf}} [k trnfrSnfhxm;aBumif; wdwfwcdk; icJu aNymcJhonfhtwGuf tuRefwdkYESpfa,muf waomaom &,f&ygao;onf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ,ckcHpm;ae&aom a0'emESifh ywfowfí tuRefYtm; icJu tNyif;txef Budrf;armif;Ncif;udk cHcJh&ayonf/ olYudkom wifBudKwiful; today;cJhvQif a&Teef;&Sifvnf; pdwfysdK? udk,fEkap&rnfhtNyif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ rdzk&m;rsm;tm;vHk;vnf; aysmf&Tifcsrf;aNrh tvdkawmfusap&rnf[k yifqdkcJhygao;onf/ opfqdrfhrdzk&m; trSKudpörsdK;yif ray:aygufEkdifaBumif; icJu &J&JBuD;yif tmrcHcJhygonf/ ol\ aq;pGrf; rnfrQxufrsufonfudk tuRefYudk,fawGY r&Sd&ao;aomfvnf; uaemiftdrfa&SYpHudk,fawmfBuD; oefpGrf;aBumif;awmh NynfBuD; aysmfbG,ft&yfrS a*gif;r rdpyfaNymbl;í odcJh&ayonf/ uaemifrif;om;BuD;tm; ]]tm*a,musFm;ygvm;}} [k rSwfxifcJhaomfvnf; ,ckrSyif icJaq;pGrf;aBumifhudk;[k em;vnfvmygawmhonf/ wwdkYwqdyfudk wtdwfvkyfaNymBuonfrSm vlwdkY\ obm0yif Nzpfcsdrfhrnfxifygonf/ wdkif;wm;rif;BuD; OD;zdk;onf ,refaeYuyif tuRefYtm; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf NrdKUawmfaNrmufyg;u zsOf;nDaemif ewfuGef;udk zsufqD;ypfvkdufonfhtwGuf zsOf;nDaemif pdwfawmfckí zrf;pm;aomaBumifh pdwfawmf ua,mifacsmufNcm; NzpfoGm;&aBumif;? ,ckawmifeef;a'0D trdefYawmfNzifh oludk,fwdkif OD;pD;BuD;Buyfí uefydkif&GmwGif BuD;rm;cefYnm;aom ewfuGef;topf aqmufvkyfay;vkdufoNzifh udk,fawmfBuD; a&m*grSm


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ydef;Bumzufay: a&rwifavQmusbdouJhodkY &SdvmaBumif; tuRefYtm; tNrSyfxGuf rwwf vmaNymygavonf/ tuRefvnf; r&,frdap&ef renf;atmifhtD; oD;cHemaxmif&if; tuRefuyif o[maBumihf vGefcJhaom &uf? oDwif;wywfavmufu usm;[def;oH Bum;ae&onf xifrdaBumif; cyfazsmazsm aNymvdkuf&m ...? ] [kwfyAsm.... ? [kwfayrAs ... } [k acgif;wndrfhndrfh? vnfwcgcgESifh tuRefYtyg;rS xGufoGm;ygonf/ tuRefvnf; &,fcsifaom xkdpdwfudk rsdKodyf&if; a&TNynfrif;BuD; OD;zdk;vdSKifudk wdk;wdk;wGwfwGwfESifh aumv[mv owif;awGudk t&if;twdkif; NzefYcsDawmfrlaeaom wdkif;wm;rif;BuD;udk Bunfh&if; aemifa&;udk awG;awmrdygonf/ tuRefwdkY vkyfBuHcJhaom xdk;Zwfudk aemifaomtcgumvwGif vltrsm;wdkY\ yg;pyfzsm;0,f ] ewfuGef;udk ewfowfaBuGNyD } [k trdefYawmfrSwfí zsufqD;cJhNcif;aBumifh a&Tzsif;nDaemifu rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk pdwfawmfuGufí zrf;pm;onf/ a&Tzsif;nDaemif zrf;pm;onfhtwGuf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; pdwfawmfacsmufNcm;&onf/ pD;awmfusm;Nzifhvnf; NrdKUNyiftyrS vma&mufawmif;qdkaomaBumifh ewfuGef;topfaqmufay;awmfrlvkdufrS pD;awmfusm;toHvnf; aysmuf? udk,fawmfBuD;bk&m;rSmvnf; usef;rm yuwd csrf;ompGm &SdoGm;aBumif; ... a&S;a[mif;'@m&D yHkNyifozG,f aNymqdkBurnfudk tuRefawG;rdí &,foGrf;tBudrfBudrf aoG;&ygonf/ eef;wGif;odkY icJa&muf&Sdvmcsdef rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; Edk;awmfrlvmygavonf/ aq;awmfrqufrDSu rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf aexef;wzsm; tcsdefa&mufatmif wBudrfwcgrS pufawmfac:zl;onf[k r&SdcJhyg/ rsufESmopfawmf a&csawmfrlNyD;onfhaemuf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; qufo&rnfh aq;awmfopfudk icJu tuRefYvuf0,fodkY ay;tyfygavonf/ aq;oHk;&ef tnTef;udkvnf; aNymygonf/ yxroHk;&uftwGif; aq;udk ZD;uif;cefY eHeuf aeY- nwkdYwGif wBudrfuspD a&at;ESifh aomufawmfrlap&rnf/ 'kwd, oHk;&ufwGif eHeuf - nwdkYwGif wBudrfus tdyf&m0if tdyf&mx ay;qufawmfrl&rnf/'kwd,oHk;&uf vGefaNrmufNyD;aemuf aemufydkif;&ufrsm;wGif waeYvQif wBudrfus aeYcif;ydkif; okdYr[kwf nOD;ydkif;wGif aomufoHk;awmfrlEdkif;aBumif; &Sif;vif;aNymNyaeygonf/ aeYpOfrSefrSef wBudrfus rDS0JoHk;aqmifaeorQ umvywfvHk; pdwfysdKudk,fEkí avmupnf;pdrfudk NiD;aiGYonfhwdkifatmif cHpm;EdkifaBumif; tuRefYtm; tus,fw0ifh &Sif;vif;Nyygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; eHeufpm pm;tNyD; tcsdKyGJ wnfawmfrlaepOf rvSrf;rurf;rS cpm;aeaom tuRefwdkY ESpfa,mufudk NrifawGYí tem;wdk;í cpm;&ef tcsufNyvkdufonf/ tuRefvnf; a&SUodkYwdk;uyfcg icJ ay;tyfxm;aom tpfudkNyo&if; avQmufwifygonf/ ] rSefvSyg ... orm;awmfBuD; icJu ,aeYaq;awmftopf qufoawmfrlaBumif;yg b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; .... / } ] [Jh ... icJ&JY .../ eifqufoonfh aq;awmfeJY igudk,fawmfNrwf usef;cefYawmf rlvmwmudk bodkYaBumifh aq;awmftopf qufo&onfvJ .../ igudk,fawmfNrwf pm;vdkYvJ NrdefawmfrloAs .../ tdyfpufvkdYvJ aysmfawmfrloAs ... / } ] rSefvSyg ... / ,ck qufoaom aq;awmftopfrSm usef;cefYawmfrloolrsm;om oHk;aqmifrDS0J&onfNzpí b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;twGuf aq;awmfopftNzpf vJvS,f ay;quf&Ncif;yg bk&m; ... / } ] todkYaom tmedoif &SdayovJ ... orm;awmf icJ&JY .. / } ] þaq;awmfonf NrwfpGmbk&m;ocif vufxufawmf tcguwnf;u &SdaecJhNyD; orm;awmfBuD; ZD0u uazmfpyfawmfrlcJhNcif; Nzpfygonf bk&m;.... / rZödra'o tm,k' aq;usrf;rS qif;oufvm[efwlí r[momuD0if rif;rsdK;tEG,fwdkY vufpGJausmf aq;awmfwvufvnf;


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NzpfcJhygonf bk&m;... / rZö‘drwdkif;udk tkyfcsKyfrif;vkyfcJhaom orwrif;rS tpOftquf qif;oufvmcJhaom rif;taygif;wdkY vufrvGwfapbJ oHk;pGJvmcJhBuonfh a&Teef;qufaq;awmf Nzpfygonf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; .... / } ] tvkd ... icJ&Jh aq;awmf[m onfavmuf BuD;us,faeyg&ufeJU igudk,fawmfNrwfudk tp ueOD; uwnf;u bZmaBumifh rqufo&oenf; ... / } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u &TifNyHK;aom rsufESmawmfESifh &,foGrf;aoG;ovkd rdefYawmfrlonfaBumifh tuRefuyif icJudk,fpm; wifavQmufvdkuffygonf/ ] rSefvSyg ... rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifh rdzk&m;acgifBuD;rsm;uyg ] cHkawmfysdKrS? orm;tdkrS } [k pGJrSwf,HkBunfaeawmfrlBuygoNzifh onfaq;awmfudk rqufo0Hhawmhyg bk&m; ... / nDawmf uaemif tdrfa&SUpHudk,fawmfBuD;udkom qufocJh&onf[k uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;tm; orm;awmf icJ aNymcJhzl;aBumif;yg bk&m;... / } ] [kwfayoAs ... / igudk,fawmfwdkifuyif orm;awmf icJtm; txifao;rdoAs ... / eifhaq;awmf xufNruf&dk;rSef&efawmh eifhudk csD;NrSifhaNrSmufpm;awmf rlrAsm; ... / nDnDuvJ onfaq;awmfaumif;aBumif; ighudk aNymoifhayoAs ... / ] uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; toufay;í avQmufwif0Hhygonf bk&m; ... / þaq;awmfonf pHepfwus toHk;NyKcJhygvQif oHk;olrSm tusdK;xl; cHpm;&rnfrSm aNrBuD;vufcwfrvGJ Ekdifovdk rSefuefvSaBumif;ygbk&m; .... / aq;awmfudk ydkrdkroHk;pGJrdap&ef owdawmf quf&ygrnf bk&m; .... / } ] tdrf; .... ydkrdk oHk;pGJrdaomf todkYaom tNypfudk NzpfawmfrlwwfayovJ icJ&Jh ... / } ] wefaq; ? vGefab; } qdkonfhtwdkif; ab;awGUwwfygonf bk&m; ... / rnfonfhab;&efrsdK;awGYEdkifaBumif;udkawmh twdtus wifavQmuf&ef cufvSaBumif;yg rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;...... / } orm;awmfBuD; icJ\ aq;awmf qufoBuNyD;onfhaemuf b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; aNcawmf OD;cdkufNyD;aemuf rSefeef;aqmifawmfrS tuRefwdkY ESpfa,muf NyefxGufvmcJhBuygavonf/ tuRefuyif pwifí ] udk&if icJ ... / onfaq;awmfudk toHk;rsm;&if b,fvkd a0'emrsdK; cHpm;&wwfonfvJAs ... / } ] usKyfudk,fwdkifvnf; aq;rSD0Jol NzpfaeayrJh ab;Nzpfwwfo,f qkdonfaBumifh usKyfwcgrS ydkrpm;cJhzl;vkdY rodbl;y ..... / uaemif tdrfa&SUpH udk,fawmfBuD;uawmh aq;ydkpm;rdwmaBumifh olvJ tdyfr&bl; ... olYrdzk&m;av;vJ idk,dkawmfrl&wJhtNyif oHk;&ufavmuf vrf;ravQmufEdkifatmif Nzpf&o,fvkdY aNymawmfrlzl;wmbJ iarmifBuD;& ... / } ] onfavmufaumif;onfh aq;pGrf; vufudkifNyKNyD; udk&if icJu rdef;rawG aomuf&rf; ,lomxify ... / usKyfwdkYudk onfaq;ray;yJ usdwfpm;wJh icJudkawmh usKyfaxmif;csifvSAs .... / } ] usKyfudk txifrvGJygeJY iarmifBuD;&m ... / pum;rpyf rdEdkifBuo[maBumifhyg ... udk,fhvl vdkcsifoyqkd&if tcsdefra&G; &Edkifygo,f ... / } [k &,farmaNymqdk&if; ESKwfqufí a&Teef;awmfBuD;rS xGufcGmoGm;ygonf/ icJ Nrif;cGmoH pJavawmhrS tuRefvnf; a&Teef;awmfBuD;twGif; Nyef0ifcJhygavonf/


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ydawmufawG a&T&nfvl;í twmvnf; ul;cJhayNyD/ &GufEk&GufopfwkdYNzifh pdrf;vef; pdkaNyvmaom Boumoavmu\ BunfEl;zG,faom taNymif;tvGJav; wkdYonf a&Teef;awmfBuD;qDodkY pdk;rkd;vmygavawmhonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; usef;rmawmfrl&kHrQruawmhyJ icJqufaom aq;awmfaBumifh pdwfoGm;wdkif;udk,fyg vdk&ma&mufaeoNzifh armfwNyHK;NyHK; aysmfrqHk;atmif &Sdaeygavonf/ tuRef [kdpOfu xdef;odrf;ay;&onfh aqmifawmful;rSwfwrf;wGif wnvQif wpfaqmifus ul;aNymif;&rnfhtpm;? wnudk ESpfaqmifus ul;aNymif;&ef trdefYawmf topfaBumifh pm&if;xyfrH topfNyKvkyfay;& ygavonf/ tuRef yif;wvJNyefpOf tcdkuftwefYtwGif; taqmifawmful;&ef tvSnfhus apmifh&onfudk tvSrf;a0;vScsnfh&Jh[k nnf;nLawmfrlBuaom rdzk&m;rsm; taqmifawmfudk tvSnfhydk taeNzifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rSm &ufwywf woDwif;rQ taqmifawmfrsm; qufvuful;&aomaBumifh udk,fawmfwGif umrtiftm; nSKd;EGrf;yifyef;awmfrlonfh a&m*gawmf pGJuyfvmygonf/ orm;awmf icJ\ aq;awmfonf rSwfausmuftwifcHEdkifavmufatmif xufNrwfrSef; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; udk,fawmfwddkif prf;oyfawGU&Sd&í ,HkBunfpdwfrsm; wdk;wufvmygonf/ odkYNzpfí aqmifawmful;rSwfwrf;udk wnvQif waqmifrS wnvQif ESpfaqmifus ul;oef;&ef Nyifqifa&;qGJ ay;quf&Ncif; Nzpfygonf/ orm;awmf icJtm;vnf; aq;0g;xufNrwfonfh tusdK;tm;aBumifh ynmod'¨dbGJY (xkdbGJYonf ,ckacwf odk;aqmif;aq;ynm M.R.C.P bGJYrsdK;Nzpfygonf/ ) udk rBumrSDuyif a&TvTwfawmfBuD;twGif; tcrf;tem;Nzifh tyfESif;Ncif;cHcJh&ayonf/ icJaBumifh touft&G,f BuD;&ifhBuaom orm;awmfBuD;rsm; Nzpfaom OD;bJ? OD;pH0if;? OD;&Sif? OD;pm? OD;euf? OD;rSKdif;? OD;rdwf? OD;wl wdkY &SpfOD;pvHk;wdkYrSm rsufpd? rsufESm rvSBuygay/ OD;ayg wpfa,mufyif icJESifh rwdrf;r,drf;t&G,f vli,fydkif;wGif &SdolrdkY rauseyf[ef rNyaBumif; od&ygonf/ olwdkYtm;vHk;aygif; icJyg 10 OD;pvHk;rSm rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; cefYtyfxm;aom bdouúº&mZbGJU& bk&ifhorm;awmfBuD;rsm; NzpfBuygonf/ xdkolrsm;txJrS icJrSm aq;awmfaumif; qufoEdkifolNzpí aboZÆyg&*l xl;cRefoltNzpf ynmod'´dbGJU csD;NrSifhNcif;cH&ayonf/ xdkbGJYxl;tNyif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefYawmfNzifh taqmifeef;wdkYtwGif; wHcg;r&Sd "g;r&Sd 0ifxGufcGifhvnf; &&SdoGm;ayonf/ tuRefY taeNzifh b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; usef;cefYawmfrrlonfhaeYrSpí tdrfodkYyif rNyefawmhbJ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tem;rSaeí aeYnra&G; trSKawmfxrf;ay;aeygonf/ ,aeYtzdkY udk,fawmfvnf; &Tif&Tifvef;vef; &SdaeawmfrloNzifh tdrfodkYNyefcGifhawmif;rdygonf/ tdrfNyefcGifhNyKonfí¼ icJqufoaom aq;tpfawmfudk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; vufa&muftyfESif;NyD; NyefvmcJhygonf/ tuRefYtaeNzifh om;? orD;rsm;ESifh aysmf&Tifcsrf;aNrhpGm 10 &ufrQavmuf aexdkif&if; tcsdefrsm;udk ukefvGefapcJhygonf/ xkdrQ vGefaNrmufonfh aemufydkif;&ufusrS rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;xHawmftyg;odkY Nyefvnfcpm;ygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rSm cgwdkif;aeYrsm;xufyif ydkrdkEkysdK &Tifvef;aeonf[kyif xifrSwfrdygonf/ tuRef\ pdwfwGif;rS raeEdkif rxdkifEkdifavmufatmifNzpfvmcg rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; aNymif;vGJvmyHkudk Bunfhaeawmfrl&if;uyif .... ] rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk zl;awGU&onfrSm a&TpdwfawmfBunfEl;í &TifNrL;yHk &vSonf[k bk&m;uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; xifrdaBumif;ygbk&m; .... } [k avQmufwifvdkufonf/ ] [kwfayrAs ... / igudk,fawmfNrwfvnf; oGwfvwfayghyg; &SdawmfrlvSw,f/ icJqufoonfh aq;awmfonf igudk,fawmfNrwftwGuf r[mBoo" ewfaq;awmfBuD;wrQ xl;Ncm;aom tusdK;udk ay;pGrf;w,frSwfw,f iarmifBuD;&JY .... / } ] 0rf;aNrmufvSaBumif;ygbk&m; ... / wefcdk;tmedoif xufNrufaom aq;awmfrsm;udk


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pm;oHk;oifhonfxuf ydkrdkpm;oHk;rdygvQif orm;awmficJ avQmufxm;ouJhodkY wefaq;? vGefab; Nzpfrnfpdk;vSygonf bk&m; ... / } ] tdrf; ... igudk,fawmf owdawmf qufvsufyg ../ wcgw&H eifqufoonfxuf ydkrdkpm;oHk;awmfrlBunfh&m tusdK;xl;cHpm;&wmudk awGYoAs ... / } ] rSefvSyg .... / twdkif;twmxuf rvGefuJrdap&ef owdawmf csyfoifhygonfbk&m; .... / } ] owdawmfxm;&awmf rlayrnfy .... / pm;vdkY t&omxl;ovkd tmedoifuvJ tHhrcef; xufNrufayw,f ... / o[mrsm;aBumifh icJ[m ighudk rqufoyJ ESpftawmfBum odkodyfxm;wm igawG;Bunfhrd&if icJtay: pdwfuGufawmfrlw,f iarmifBuD;&Jh .... / } ] rSefvSygbk&m; ... / icJudk tNypfawmfwifvQif ravsmfuefaBumif;ygbk&m; ... / orm;aumif;wkdYrnfonfrSm a&m*gawGYrS aq;ay;&ygonf bk&m; ... / a&m*grod temr&Sdoolrsm;tm; aq;pm;&ef vkdufvHay;aeygu udk,fhudkudk,fazmf rolawmfrsdK;xJ ygoGm;wwfonfrdkY qifNcifaeNcif; Nzpfygvdrfhrnf bk&m; .... / } ] iarmifBuD; wifavQmufcsufonf avQmfuefoifhNrwf vSayw,fAs .... / icJ[mvJ igudk,fawmfNrwfudk apwemxm;ol rSefayvdrfhr,f ... / } þonfwdkYaBumifh rif;cpm; a,musFm;? urf;em;opfyif [kqkdcJhNcif; Nzpfayrnf/ aq;awmfaumif; qufoNyefygaomfvnf; tqufo aemufusavNcif;[k tNypfwif&Sdovdkvdk Nzpfaeaom b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; tuReftavQmufaumif;íom icJ taxmif;vGwfayawmhonf/ tuRef a&Teef;awmfBuD;xJ vma&muf tdyfpuf&onf qdkuwnf;u ta&SUawmfBuD;&Sd rSefeef;pEkaqmif nDvmcHcef;r taemufbufwGif wif;wdrfum&Hí tcef;zGJYay;xm;ygavonf/ wckaom ncsrf;tcsdef tuRef ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuf tdyfarmusaepOf pl;pl;0g;0g; aBumufvefYwBum; rdef;ratmfoH woH Bum;vkduf&onfrSm ...... ] b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; bmNzpfrSef; rod&onfaBumifh u,fawmfrlBuyg ... / } [lí oOÆmvDanmifapmif; xufrS Bum;vdkuf&ygonf/ onftoHaBumifh tuRef\ aqmif"g;udkqGJNyD; toHxGufay:vm&m taemufawmfBuD;odkY ta&mufaNy;oGm;rdygonf/ tuRefa&muf&Sdcsdef taemufawmfBuD; taemufbufqHk; aqmiful;Bum; vrf;ray:wGif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; yufvufvefvJaeonfudk Nrifrdí xdwfueJ NzpfoGm;rdygonf/ vufeufawmf wpfckck xdyg;í aoG;tdkifxJ vJaeavoavm[k xifrdí ‘a&maomyg; aNy;oGm;ygonf/ toufyif &J&Jr&SL0hHavmufatmif wkefvSKyfaNcmufNcm;vSNyD; &ifwzdkzdkNzifh tem;a&mufatmif wdk;oGm;NyD;rS r&Jw&J iHkYBunfhrdygawmhonf/ aoG;wpufwav rNrif&awmhrSom &J&Jwif;wif; Bunfh&Jvmygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; NzpfyHkawGU&awmhrS pdwfcsoGm;um tNrSKyfwpDpDNzifh wufaeonfaBumifh tESdyfawmfquf&ef'l;axmufxkdifvdkufonfwGif taemufeef;rawmfBuD;ESifh tNcm;aumif;pGm rrSwfrdaom rdzk&m;i,f ESpfyg;udk vnf; awGU&Sd&ygonf/ xdkrdzk&m;rsm;udk NrifawGUrdawmhrS ywf0ef;usifudk tuJcwfvdkufygawmhonf/ wm0efus tdyfzefawmfom; tawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; vJus&m ywf0ef;usif w0dkufwGif pkNyHK 0dkif;tkH 0ef;&HaerSKaBumifh avxGuf? av0ifvrf;rsm; ydwfqdkYum avSmiftdkufvsuf tdkufpyfylavmifaeonfudk owdNyKrdygonf/ odkYNzpfonfaBumifh tuRefvnf; tESdyfawmf rqufao;yJ tBuHxkwfí rnfuJhodkY aqmif&GufoifhaBumif; awG;,laeocdkuf taemufeef;rawmfBuD;uyif ] [Jh .... tdyfzefawmfom;awG orm;awmfBuD;awG yifhacsyg .... / rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a&wdrfepf&acs&Jh .... / eD;&m orm;awmfBuD;udk tNrefyifhacsBuyg ... / }


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[laom toHudk Bum;&onfrS orm;awmfBuD;rsm; yifhí ukoaponfrSm toifhavsmfqHk; Nzpfrnfudk tuRefvnf; oabmaygufoGm;ygonf/ ] orm;awmfBuD; OD;pH0if;eJY orm;awmf OD;euf&JY tdrf[m a&Teef;awmfBuD;eJU teD;qHk;rdkY olwdkYESpfOD;xJu wOD;udkawmh tNrefaNy;yifhacsyg .... } tuRefapvTwfvdkufcsdef tqHk;wGif tuRefYaemufem;rS rdzk&m;i,f wOD;toH ay : xGufvmNyD;/ ] eef;rawmfBuD;bk&m; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a0'emawmf[m b,form;awmf b,ftESdyfawmfESifhrS ukoí &Ekdifrnf r[kwfaBumif;ygbk&m; .... / bk&m; uRefr udkom ukocGifh NyKawmfrlyg ... / } ] [,f ... rduGef;/ eifwu,faNymonfvm; ... / } ] rSefvSyg ... / tcsdefawmfvGefoGm;&if cufyvdrfhr,f bk&m;.... / bk&m; uRefrudkom ukocGifh ay;awmfrlNyD; bk&m;uRefr tvdk&SdwJh rpönf; NrefNref&Smay;awmfrlyg .... / } rdzk&m;i,fu rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m; udk,fawmfay:rS wae&mudk vufndSK;xdk;Nyo&if; eef;rawmfBuD;tm; wifavQmufaeonfudk Bum;Nrif&aom tuRefrSm em;rvnf oabmraygufaomfvnf; a&m*gaysmufuif;aprSKtwGuf tmrcH&Jaom xdkrdzk&m; awmif;qdk tvdk&Sdaom ypönf;rsm; &SmazGay;í rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ a&m*gawmfudkom tNrefukpm;awmf rlapvdkygonf/ odkYaomf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ toufpnf;pdrfwdkYudk tuRefxuf ydkrdkcs,fvS,fEdkifcGifh&Sdaom rdzk&m;wdkYtv,frSm tuRefonf rsufpdoli,fESifh Nzpfae&ocdkuf awmifeef;rawmf r*Fvma'0D t*¾r[ma'0D rdzk&m;acgifBuD;u ..... ] [Jh ... aNymprf;yg NrefNref ... eifbmtvkd&SdovJ .... a&Teef;&Sif armifarmifbk&m; usef;*efawmfrlzdkYom ta&;BuD; o[Jh ... / } ] rSefvSyg ... &kdifvdyfwvdyfom NrefNref ay;oem;awmfrlyg rrzk&m; ... / } [k rdzk&m;av;\ avQmufwifoHtqHk; tuRefuyif ] &ygapr,f t&Sifrdzk&m; ... / } [k avQmufxm; vdkuf&onf/ xdkrSwqufwnf; ] a[h .... tdyfzefawmfrSL; &dkifvdyfwvdyfudk cktNref ,lqufprf; ... tcsdefaESmif;vkdY rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;twGuf aBumifhusawmfrlBu&if eifhtouf uGyfrsufr[Jh ... } tuRefvnf; [dkvlvdkvd'‘Dvlvdkvdk apmif;arsmif;Budrf;armif;&if; &dkifvdyf t,lcdkif;vkdufygonf/ &dkifvdyf oGm;,lcsdefwGif vltkyfrSm tawmfyif BuD;rm;aeacsNyD/ vl&Spfq,fausmf w&meD;ygrQavmuf 0ef;&Hxm;onfaBumifh tawmf avSmiftdkufaeyHk &ygonf/ awmifeef;a'0D t*¾ra[oD rdzk&m;BuD;tm; vltkyfz,f&Sif;ay;ygrS av0ifrnf/ avat;? avaumif; 0ifvmvQif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;twGuf aumif;rnfxifaBumif; wifavQmufrS rdzk&m;acgifBuD; trdefYNzifh vltkyfudk q,fvHtuGmrS cpm;aeapygonf/ &dkifvdyft,loGm;ool tdyfzefawmfom;vnf; q,fADZem (q,fckESpf rdepfomom ) twGif; a&muf&Sdvmygavonf/ &dkif&vQif tuRefuyif .... ] &dkifvdyf a&muf&dSvmaBumif;ygbk&m; ... / } [k wifavQmufvkdufonfaBumifh xdkrdzk&m;uyif tuRefYtm; .... ] rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;udk &dkifywfvkdufprf;yg ... / NrefNref ywfvkdufy ... / } [k trdefYay;ygavonf/ tuRefvnf; rqdkif;rwGyif ywfay;vkdufygonf/ ( &dkif qdkonfrSm tNrifh wawmifhxGm? tvsm; tawmifESpfq,f &dSygonf/ 0g;udk ESD;pdyfí zsmuJhodkY ,ufvkyfxm;ygonf/ vSnf;ay:wGif ypönf;rsm; o,f,l&mwGif ydkrdko,f,lEdkif&ef &dkifudk um&efwifaqmifBuayonf/ &dkifudk &Snfvsm;aomaBumifh vdyfí odrf;qnf;Bu&dk; xHk;pH&Sdayonf/ ) rnfonfh a,musFm;rQ tem;wGif r&Sdap&[k rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ a0'emawmf ukpm;rnfh


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rdzk&m;u qdkrdefYoNzifh tuRefvnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tem;rS rcGmcsifbJvsufESifh cGmxGufcJh&ygonf/ eef;rawmfBuD;rsm;ESifh armif;rrdoH taNcGt&H? oif;yif; rdef;rrsm;tm;vHk;udkvnf; &dkifvdyfESifh av;ig;vSrf; tuGma0;rS ausmay;&yfaeapygavonf/ tuRefvnf; xl;Ncm;vSaom trdefYawmfoHudk emcH&avonfaBumifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;twGuf pdk;&drfaBumifhus Asmyg&pdwf 0ifa&mufvmum ta&;tcif; wpHkwck ay:aygufvmygu tNref0ifa&muf u,fwifEdkif&ef rvSrf;rurf;rSaeí toifhcpm;rnf[k ydkif;Nzwfvkdufygonf/ tuRefvnf; teD;qHk; tumtuG,fNzpfaeaom aNrmufaqmifawmf usnf;&SifwHcg;aygufudk Nrifrdí usnf;&SifwHcg;tuG,fwGif 0ifa&muf ykef;atmif;aevkdufygonf/ xdkrdzk&m; &dkifywftwGif; 0ifoGm;onfudk wHcg;Bum;rS Nrifae&ygonf/ vta&mif tm;raumif;í 0kd;w0g;Nzifh xdkrdzk&m;onf udk,fawmfh tay:wGif cGpD;vsuf vSKyf&Sm;ae[efNrifae&ygonf/ ref;rSKwfaeovdkESifh wlonf[kvnf; xifrdonf/ tuRefESifh oHk;av;vHrQom a0;uGmaomfvnf; Bu,fa&mifomomxGef;vif;aeaom vqkwftm;Nzifh &dkiftuG,ftum uif;vGwfonfh ykckef;txufydkif;udkom rxifr&Sm; awGU&ayonf/ aqmifhvsuf zdowfaeoa,mifvnf; xifrSwf&ygonf/ Bunfh&if;Bunfh&if;ESifhyif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; vnfrsdKawmfudk nSpfaeonfh yHkpHrsdK;Nzifh ukef;uGukef;uG trlt&mrsdK;udk uGJuGJNym;Nym; Nrif&í aqmif"g;Nzifh wtm;0ifydkif;& aumif;rvm;[k pdwful;aygufvmygonf/ a'goxGufí tuRefYwudk,fvHk;vnf; wqwfqwfwkefvmonfudk owdNyKrdygonf/ aqmif"g;udkyif vufNzifhprf;í a,mif,rf;qGJrdygao;onf/ rdzk&m;BuD;rsm;tv,fwGif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk vkyfBuH owfNzwf0Hhrnf r[kwfaBumif; aemufrSawG;rdí pdwfat;ovdk &SdoGm;ygonf/ xdkonfaBumifh wHcg;Bum;rS *&kwpdkufacsmif;BunfhNyefygonf/ &dkifay:wGif vTm;wifxm;aom t&mwckonf va&mif? Bu,fa&mif rvif;wvif; atmufwGif wvufvufawmufyaeonfudk Nrifrdygonf/ xdkt&mum; tb,fenf; .... / rnfodkYaom ypönf; NzpfEdkifygoenf; [k taNy;tvTm; awG;awmBunfhvkdufaomtcg rdzk&m;rsm;0wfqifonfh abmfpD a&Tcsnfxdk;xrD NzpfEdkifaBumif; pOf;pm;rdygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;wGif tyrDSonfhtwGuf xrDtkyfNyD; ref;rSKwfukpm;ae&oavm/ ukpm;ref;rSKwfEdkifaom emem&kyf avmuDynmudk wwfaNrmufaom rdzk&m;&dSonf[kvnf; wcgrQ rBum;rd? rod&ygay/ xdkrdzk&m;vuf0,fwGifvnf; xrDtydk rygcJhonfudk tuRefaumif;pGm rSwfrdygonf/ &dkifywfay;&if; rnfonfh rdzk&m;enf;[k aphaphpyfpyf rSwfrdatmif BunfhcJhrdí rdzk&m;av;wGif xrDtydk rygaBumif;udk taotcsm owd&vmygonf/ tuRefawG;rdNyefygonf/ þxrDonf rnfolY xrDNzpf&tHhenf;/ tb,fodkYaom taBumif;aBumifh þrdzk&m;onf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; udk,fawmftay: &m&moowufí vSKdif;pD;ouJhodkY edrfhcsnfNrifhcsnf vSKyf&Sm;ae&ayoenf;/ tuRefrodaom a&m*g? tuRef rcefYrSef;Edkifaom rif;w&m;BuD; a0'emudk BudK;pm;? yrf;pm; ukpm;ay;aeaom rdzk&m;av;tay: *&kPmpdwfwdkYyif ,dkzdwfvmygoNzifh apmapmu NypfrSm;rdaom tuRefYudk,f tuRef tNypfwifcsifovkd Nzpfvmygao;onf/ Bunfh&if; Bunfh&if;ESifhyif vSKyf&Sm;rSKrSm ydkrdkoGufvufvmygonf/ rdzk&m;udk,fawmfwdkifvnf; armyef;vm[ef &Sdvmayonf/ ] a[m ...... a[m } [koufNyif;&SnfqGJícsvkdufoHrSm b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; toHxify/ tdk; .... rdzk&m;av;u xrDudk vSrf;,lvdkufayNyD ... / ] [if; .... rduGef;ay;wJh touf&Sdawmhyguvm; .... / } [laom rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ toHawmfudk &Sif;vif;Nywfom;pGm Bum;vkduf&ayNyD/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; owdvnfvmawmfrlacsyudk;/ tvdk rdzk&m;av;bk&m; &dkifay:u ausmfvGm; xGufNyD; cyfokwfokwf aNy;oGm;ygayghvm;/ wtHhwBo Bunfh&if;ESifhyif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; xvmawmfrlonfudk Nrifrdí tuRefvnf; wHcg;uG,frS xGufvdkufNyD;


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rif;w&m;BuD;xHyg; oGm;a&mufcpm;ygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tem; tuRefa&muf&SdcsdefwGif awmifeef;ra[oD taemufeef;rdzk&m;BuD;rStp wGJulaeol? aNcawmfudkif&rvkd? vufawmfudkif&rvdk Nzpfaeool rdzk&m;rsm;tm;vHk; Nymavmifcwfaeaomfvnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u wnfNidrfat;aq;aomavoHNzifh .... ] pdk;&drfawmfrrlBuygeJY trdwdkY .... armifarmifbk&m; usef;cefYawmfrluNyDyJ ... pdwfcsvufcs udk,fhtaqmif? udk,fhpHeef;om Nref;Buaya&mh ... } rdzk&m;BuD;? i,f armif;rrdoHrsm;vnf; rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;tm; aNcawmfOD;ckdufBuNyD; xGufcGmoGm;Buygonf/ rdzk&m;BuD;rsm; xGufcGmaysmufuG,f oGm;avBuukefawmhrS tuRefwdkYbufodkY rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; vSnfhawmfrl&if; .... ] iarmifBuD;om igudk,fawmfNrwfeJY &dSyapuG,f&dkU ... / tdyfzefawmfom;rsm;vnf; udk,fhwm0efudk,fom rvpf[if;apatmif oGm;a&muf xrf;&GufBuaya&mh armifrif;rsm;Asm; .... / } trdefYawmfNrwftwdkif; tdyfzefawmfom; tm;vHk; rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;tyg;rS xGufcGmoGm;Buygonf/ tuRefrSwyg; wOD;wa,mufrQ rif;w&m;BuD; tyg; r&SdawmhcsdefBurS ...... ] rSefvSyg ... b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; rnfonfha0'emawmfaBumifh onfodkY Nzpfawmfrl&ygoenf; bk&m; .... / } ] tdrf; ..... b,fodkYaom a0'emawmfqdkonfudk orm;awmficJvmrS ar;prf;&rnfy? igudk,fawmfNrwf icJqufoonfh aq;awmfudk pGrf;tif twdtus od&Sd&ef ,aeY tcgwdkif;xuf ESpfqydkpm;rdo[ .... / } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; NyefBum;csufaBumifh tuRefYrSm &ifbufudk vufESpfzufNzifh udk,fhudkudk,fzd&if;u ] NrwfpGmbk&m;taygif; waomif; u,fawmfrlBuyg bk&m;? u,fq,fawmfrlBuyg .. } tuRefY trlt&mudk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;Bunfhí NyHK;awmfrl&if;uyif qufvufí ] oHk;q,ftaqmifuae aBu;rQify ... / aBu;rQifrdzk&m; taqmifutxGuf eifNrifonfhtwdkif;ayy ... / eifodBum;&yHkudkvJ em;awmfavQmufprf;bd iarmifBuD; ... / } ] bk&m;? odBum;eJY orma'0ewfaumif; ewfNrwfawGom vspfvsL&SKaeBuawmhr,fqdk&if rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; aq;awmfprf;wmeJY &SdorQ rdzk&m;awG tedpöoabmeJY udpöacsmukefawmhrSm aocsmo bk&mh ... / NcdK;NcHawmfrlrS oifhavQmfrnf NzpfaBumif;ygbk&m; ... / } ] o,f ... iarmifBuD; aomufpum;awG rsm;vSouG,f ... / eifBum;od&yHkudk em;awmfavQmufprf;yghqdk .. ./ } ] uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; tdyfaysmfae&mrS rnfonfh rdzk&m; toHrSef;rodaom rdef;rtoHwoHNzifh aBumufvefY wBum; ] b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; bmNzpfawmfrlrSef; rodaomaBumifh u,fawmfrlBuyg ... } atmfoHtBum; uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;vnf; aqmif"g;qGJNyD; taNy;tvTm; vmcJhygoonf bk&m; ... uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; rif;w&m;xHawmftyg; a&muf&Sdcsdef udk,fawmfbk&m; yufvuf tNrSKyfxGufí wufaeonfudk NrifrdaBumif;ygbk&m; ... / } ] [kwfayrAs .... aBu;rQif rdzk&m;[m igudk,fawmfNrwfudk xHk;wrf;pOfvmtwdkif; taqmifawmf0txd vdkufydkYawmfrlo[mudkawmh owdawmf &Sdygav&JY ... / usdKif;wHk taqmifawmfvSrf;zdkY BuGNref;&if;yJ w&dyf&dyfeJY wufvmwJh aoG;om;awmfawG[m 0rf;awmfuae &ifawmf? &ifawmfuae OD;acgif;awmfta&muf rl;oGm;[ef &Sdo[Jh ... iarmifBuD;&Jh ... / } ] tJo[maBumifh orm;awmficJu wefvQifaq;? vGefvQifab;vdkY wifavQmufxm;cJhNcif;


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Nzpf&rnfxifaBumif;ygbk&m; ... / } ] [kwfayraygh .... uJ iarmifBuD;? "g;xrf;&if; taqmifawmf tNyifuae apmifhtHk;/ igusdKif;wHk rdzk&m;xH 0ifvkdufOD;rAs ... / } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; taqmifawmftwGif; 0ifa&mufaysmufuG,foGm;awmhrS tuRefvnf; oufNyif;csrdygonf/ ,ck tcsdefwGifrl icJaq;awmfaBumifh vSdKifxdyfxm;u ] pdefNcL;Bumanmif } csDabmv,fa&;zGJUawmfrlcJh&onf qdkaom pum;udk tuRefoHo, rNzpfawmhyg .... / } ,ckyif taqmifESpfaqmif rdzk&m;oHk;yg;wdkYxHrS BunfEl;rSK &,lcJhNyD;avrS usdKif;wHk taqmifawmfodkY 0ifawmfrlacsNyefonf/ w&GmvHk;ESifh &efNyKaom ,pform; irl;twGuf tqHk;tNzwfay;&ef cufcJouJhodkY w&GmvHk;uyif qdk;&Gm;oavm ... wa,mufwnf;aom ,pform; irl;uyif qdk;avoavm qdkonfh yHkyrmES,f rnfolYudk tqdk;NyK&rnffrSef; rodawmhyg/ onfwcg rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m; wNcm;wyg;aom taqmifawmfodkY ul;0ifawmfrlOD;rnf qdkcJhygvQif rdk;pifpifvif;ayawmhrnf/ wHk;BuD; acgufoHyif Bum;ae&acsNyD/ aemufwA[dk&f&Sdaomf tm&kPfwufayawmhrnf/ r[m0dok'¨g&kHausmif;wdkufrS tm&kPfqGrf;csuf&efESifh ausmif;wGif;? Z&yfwGif; oefY&Sif;a&; NyKvkyf&ef ESdK;aqmfonfh wHk;BuD;acgufoHonf tm&kPfrwufrDS wA[dk&f tvdkwGif aeYpOfrSefrSef acgufavh&Sdygonf/ tuRefvnf; vdkonfxuf ydkrdkítoHk;NyKvQif xufNrufaom pGrf;tifNzifh wefcdk;Nywufaom icJaq;awmf vuf0,fa&muf&Sdaeonfh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;twGuf waNrSmfwac:BuD; pOf;pm;rdygonf/ vdkonfxuf aq;awmfudk ydkrdkí toHk;NyKvQif pyful;rwful;Bum; umvtwGif; Nzpfayrifh t&Sdeft[kef Nyif;pGmNzifh wefcdk;awmfNywwfaom aq;awmfonf rdzk&m;rsm;vSaom rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifhrS wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkif awGUBuHK&onfhtwGuf aemifaomumvwGif raNrSmfrSef;Edkifavmufatmif wdk;yGm;vmOD;rnfh aoG;awmf? om;awmfrsm;twGuf NrdKUopfwpfckrsm; xyfrHwnfay;&ayOD;rnfvm; rqdkwwf/ tu,fí NrdKUawmftopf wnfaqmufay;zdkY tuRefUtm; wm0efay;cJhygvQif ....... þuJhodkYqdkaomf eef;wGif; t&SKyft&Sif;rsm; uif;&Sif;aom pDrHudef;udk rnfuJhodkY NyKvkyfaqmif&Guf&rnfudk tuReff rBuHpnfwwfí pdwfarmaeocdkuf aqmif"g;xrf;&if; pOf;pm;aeaom tuRefUykcHk;tm; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u aemufuykwfvdkufavonf/ ] rSefvSygbk&m; ... vif;BuufwGefBuL;oH Bum;ae&ygoNzifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; auseyfawmf rlavmufNyD xifaBumif;ygbk&m; .... / } ] tdrf; ... igudk,fawmf pOf;pm;awmfrlaeo[ ... / NcdK;NcHawmfrlvkduf&&if armifrif;wdkYwawG 'ku©ayGaeOD;rvm;vdkY .... iarmifBuD;&Jh .... / } ] onf;cHí NcdK;NcHawmfrlyg rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ... ? NcdK;NcH&wJhtwGuf'‘Dvdk'ku©rsdK;awG xyfawGUvm&r,fqkd&if iarmifBuD; &ifpD;NyD; cHyghr,f bk&m; ... / } ] igudk,fawmfNrwfBuD;&Jh'ku©udk iarmifBuD; u,fEdkifwm rSwfaeovm; armifrif;&Jh ... / } ] bk&m; uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; odyghbk&m; ... / rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; NcdK;NcHawmfrlvdkufr,fqdkvQif t&Sifhtyg;rSm uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;a&m? &dkifvdyfa&m? rdzk&m; r,fuGefYa&m eHeufvif;vQif vif;csif; tqifoifh cpm;vsuf &dSaeygaphr,f bk&m; .... / }


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tuRef\ wifavQmufcsuftqHk;wGif rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;vnf; &,farm&if; ... ] aumif;oAs ../ aumif;oAs ..../ eifaNymonfh wm0ef vpf[if;vQif eifhacgif;udk igudk,fawmfwdkif NzwfNyD; owf&r,fAs ... / } [k aNymBum;vsuf rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m; vuf,mvufNzifh tuRefYa&mifudkqGJum pufawmfac:&ef rSefeef;aqmifqDodkY BuGNref;awmfrlygavonf/ ] rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;\ a&TpdwfawmfNrL;BuGí tuRefYudk Bunfp,fvdkaom oabmESifh a&mifaypl;udk qGJ&mwGif vSKyfcg &rf;cgESifh emusifatmif tuReftm; NyKNim;aomfvnf; tuRefrSm emcsdefr&/ atmf&ef *&krxm;rd/ tuRef pdk;&drfrdonfum; wpfckom&dS\/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; pm;awmfrlaom ]]pdefNcL;Bumanmif }} aq;awmfudk rNcdK;NcHbJ ydkrdkí aeYpOfpm;oHk;aernf qdkygvQif aeNynfawmf &wemyHkwGif rdef;r &Sm;yg;oGm;rnfudkom pdk;&drfBuD; pdk;&drfaerdygonf/

]NcdK;NcHawmfrlygbk&m;/} þwGif NyD;qHk;ygNyD.... /


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]rmefpG,f usdK;ygaygh}

]] udavom wrefESifh? vuf&pfoHprf;vdkufvdkY? aoG;Nzef;Nzef;xaphr,f ... }}

OD;ykn ] [Jh ... iarmifBuD; ...? igudk,fawmfNrwf a&Teef;awmftwGif; vSnfhvnf pHNref;ae&wm NiD;aiGUawmfrlovkd &SdawmfrlwmaBumifh waNymif;wvGJav; Nzpfap&atmif tBuHawmfopf qufprf;ygh .... / } ] rSefvSyg b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;? &kyfoGifawmf aNymif;vTJcg eef;NrdKUawmf tNyif&yfuGufrsm;twGif; usif;yNyKvkyfaeaom uxdefyGJcif;rsm;wGif yGJawmfBunfhvdkvQif aygrsm;vSaBumif;yg bk&m; .... / } ] rdkufvdkufygbd iarmifBuD;&,f ..../ igha&Teef;awmfBuD;rSm q,fhESpfv q,fhESpf&moDyGJawmftrsdK;rsdK; usif;yNyKvkyfaerSef; eiftodom;eJY .../'‘DaeYuvGefaNrmuf aemufESpf&ufa&muf&if eu©wfobifyGJrSm igudk,fawmfNrwf tuefawmhcH&rSef; rodbJ aeava&mhovm; ... / } i,fuRefawmf tdrfawmfyg vufpGJawmfBuD;yDyD abmif;awmfndrfh&kHrQNzifh pdwfawmfodNyD;Nzpfol OD;a&TarmifBuD;rSm rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; bmudk tvdkawmf&SdaerSef; odvsufESifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a&TESKwfawmfrS tvdkawmf qE´udk xkwfazmfrdefUawmfrl vmapaom oabmpdwfxm;&Sdygonf/ odkYrdkYaBumifh rodusdK;uRefNyKcg aNcawmfOD;cdkuf&if; ..... ] rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tvkdawmfudk bk&m;uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; r&dyfpm;rdonfudk wifavQmuf&Ncif;twGuf tNypfrS cGifhvTwfawmfrlygbk&m; ... / oDwif;uRwfv rD;xGef;yGJawmfudk bk&m; uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;ESifhtwl b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; NrdKUawmf&wemyHktwGif; &kyfzsuf&if; vnfywf&onfrSm pdwfawmftxl;BunfEl;&onf[k rdefUawmfrlbl;onfaBumifh wifavQmuf&Ncif;ygbk&m; .../ } ] onfvdk &kyfzsuf penf;emenf;rsdK;udkawmh igudk,fawmfNrwf rNyKvkyfvdkawmhbl; iarmifBuD;&Jh ...../ acG;aygrsm;vSwJh &wemyHkNrdKUawmftwGif; vSnfhvnfoGm;vmaeBuwJh uif;awGudk vGwfatmif a&SmifuGif;&wm rvG,fulrSef; igudk,fawmfNrwf odawmfrluNyDyJ .../ } ] rSefvSyg ... rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;? tJonfwkef;u acG;av? acG;vGifhab;rS vGwfuif;atmif taNy;awmfNrefvSonfudk uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; tHhcsD; rqHk;atmif &dSoygonf bk&m; ... / } ] iarmifBuD;wdkYrsm; ta&;&,f taBumif;&,fqdk&if tm;udk;&ayrvm; atmifharhawmfrlrdwm igudk,fawmfNrwfBuD; trSm;y ... / taNy;om raumif;cJhvQif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; acG;pm;vkdY ewf&Gmvm;&SmNyDvdkY eifodkYwawG aNym&pfBurnfy .../ } [k rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; aNym&if;


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[ufwarm &,favonfaomaBumifh OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; a&ma&mif&,farm&if; avQmufwifNyefonf/ ] uRefawmfrsdK;vnf; wr[kwfcsif; acG;avacG;vGifhawG pkNyKHvdkufawmfrlonfaBumifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifh twl,SOfaNy;&if; ref;usnf;udkif; cyfedrfhedrfhudk NrifonfhtwGuf aoG;vefYNyD; vSrf;qGJrdygonfbk&m; .../ udkif;qGJ&if; opfyifay:a&muf&Sdí acG;rsm;&efu vGwfuif;awmhrS rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk owd&awmfrlvdkY Nyefqif;cg acG;tkyfaemufvdkufNyD; cJESifhxkí ESdrfeif;&ef tarSmifxJ cJukef;taumufvkduf rpifyHk ESKdufrdygobk&m; ..../ } ] o[mNzifh igudk,fawmfNrwfBuD; uHaumif;onf qdk&rnfy ... / aNy;&if;vGm;&if; a&wGif;wef;BuD; ckefzrf;NyD; wdkifudk aNceJYvSrf;tcsdwfvdkufrSm ighaemufawmfudk taNy;aumif;eJY vkdufvmwJh acG;ESpfaumif oHk;aumif a&wGif;xJ tm;vGefusukefwmaBumifh usef&Sd&pfonfh acG;awG vSnfhaNy;ukefBuvdkYaygh iarmifBuD;& .... / } ]uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;rSmvnf; vufESpfzufpvHk;wGif ayusHaeaom rpifeHYrsm;rSm uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;tm; rcHr&yfEdkifatmif eHapmfysdKUtefYawmfrlvmonfhtwGuf vufudka&aq;&ef a&t&SmrSm uif;orm;rsm;ESifhawGUí tcsKyftaESmif cH&ygonfbk&m; ... / } ] iarmifBuD;vJ tcsKyfcH&? igudk,fawmfNrwfBuD;vJ csrf;Nrom{t&yfu qifNzLuef oif;csdKif;Z&yfrSm tem;,l&if; pufawmfac:rdwmaBumifh okb&mZmawGu olaoxifrSwfNyD; t0wfawG vmcRwfvkdY olwdkYwawGeJY vHk;axG;owfykwfvkduf&wm raNymygeJYawmh iarmifBuD;&m ... / } ] rSefvSyg ... uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;vJ rif;w&m;bk&m; &Sdrnfxif&m rSef;qvkdufyg &SmazGaomfvnf; rawGU&awmhyJ? pBumEG,fpift&yfrS &yfuGufvlBuD; ipHNrifh xdwfwkef;wGif wnvHk; tdyfcJh&ygonf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ... / } odkYavQmufwif&if; xdkpOfu t&dkufcHcJh&onfudk trSwf&rdí a&mif,rf;NyD; ausmrS 'Pf&ma[mif;rsm;udkyif prf;oyfrdygavonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; &,fNyD;&if; &,f&if; BunfEl;pdwfNzifh qufvufrdefYawmfrlavonf/ ] onftcg wdwfwcdk;xGufawmfrlzdkYudkawmh iarmifBuD;pDpOf&rnfrSm acG;oHvJrBumif; vloleJYvJ ra0;uGmapyJ nDnDwnfaxmifzGifhvSpfxm;wJh NynfBuD;aysmfbG,f&yfu rdef;rwef;oGm;NyD; igudk,fawmfNrwf tuJcyfvdkawmf rlvSoAsm ... / } ] trdefYawmfNrwftwdkif; tpDtpOf NyKvkyfawmfrlygrnf/ b,faeY? b,f&uf xGufawmfrlygrnfvJ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ... / } ] tdrf; .... onfuaeYqdkvQif oifhNrwfvSSrnfayy ... / ,cif wBudrfuvdk rD;pnf;? rD;wkdifawGvJ arhraeyapeJY? nDtpfudk rodwod tcsdefxGufawmfrlrAsm; .... / } ] tvdkawmftwdkif; Nynfh0apzdkYESifh rarhravsmhapzdkY&ef uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; tpDtpOf NyKvkyfygrnf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; .... / } yif;wvJpm; OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; tvdkawmftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&ef rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; OD;cdkufNyD;aemuf yef;cHkawmf tkwfwkdufrS xGufcGmoGm;ygonf/ ( yef;ckHawmfwdkufonf b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tem;,l&mwGif toHk;NyKonfhtwGuf oD;oefYaqmifawmfvdk Nzpfaeygonf/ tvkdawmfr&SdyJ rif;rdzk&m;rsm; tcpm;r&Sdap&[k a&TwdkufawmfrSwfwrf;t& od&Sd&ygonf/ pma&;ol )


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yD;cJhaom oDwif;uRwfvqef; (14) &ufaeYnydkif;wGif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; i,fuRef&if; vufqGJawmfBuD; OD;a&TarmifBuD;wdkY qif;&Jom;toGif aNymif;vJ0wfqifBuNyD; a&TNrdKUawmftwGif; vSnfhvnfBunfh&SK penf;emxGufBuygavonf/ &wemyHkaeNynfawmfwGif rDSwif;aexdkifBuaom &[ef;&Sifvltrsm; aysmf&Tifcsrf;aNrh &dSyg\avm? NrdKUta&; &yfta&; om,m0aNym qefa&pyg; aygrsm;yg\avm[k nDvmcHobifwGif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf ar;Nref;pHkprf;avh&Sdygonf/ ar;awmfrlavwdkif; 0efBuD;? 0efav;? twGif;0efrsm;wdkY\ taNzrSm tpOftNrJ tpOftNrJvdk wnDwnGwfwnf; &yf&Gm om,mat;csrf;vSygonfbk&m;/ pyg;qefa& aygrsm;vSygonfbk&m;/ a&mif;yef;? 0,fyef; yGifhvef;BuoNzifh &wemyHk aeNynfawmfESifhwuG rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfawmfrlaom NrdKUe,fc&kdifrsm;tm;vHk; wdk;wufpDyif0aNym om,mygavonf/ pD;yGm;a&; aumif;rGefonfaBumifh omoemawmfvnf; xGef;um;wdk;wufvsuf&SdaBumif; oHawmfOD; wifBuonfhtwGuf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;taeNzifh ,HkBunfawmf rrlovkd &Sdvmygonf/ ol\ eef;pHouf q,fESpfausmf&Sdvmonfhwdkif a&S;xHk;pOfvm &Sdonfhtwdkif; rif;aumif;? rif;NrwfwdkY NyKrlaqmif&GufBuouJhodkY &kyfzsufí penf;em wBudrfwcgrQ rxGufawmfrlao;onfudk owd&awmfrlygavonf/ xkdodkY owd&awmfrlonfhtwGuf udk,fawmfwdkif &kyftoGif aNymif;vTJí &wemyHk aeNynfawmfxJwGif penf;temxGuf&ef qHk;Nzwfawmfrlygavonf/ i,fuRefawmf vufpGJawmf OD;a&TarmifBuD;ESifh wdkifyifí qHk;Nzwfawmfrlonfhtwdkif; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf &wemyHk aeNynfawmf twGif; vSnfhvnfcJhygavonf/ b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf tNrifhodkY a&muf&SdawmfrlNyD;onfhaemuf q,fhESpfESpfausmf? q,fhoHk;ESpfeD;yg;cefYrQ eef;"avhxHk;wrf;t& rif;{u&mZfwdkY NyKrlaexdkif usifhBuHovkd aexdkifusifhBuHcJh&onfh [efaqmifrSKavmu tcsKyftcs,frsm;vSaomb0rS i,fuRefvufpGJawmfBuD;udk tazmfNyKí tcdkuftwefUtm;Nzifh tvGwf&kef;xGufawmfrlygonf/ wkdif;olNynfom;rsm;tBum; vGwfvyfpGmNzifh &kyfzsufoGm;vm&onfí¼ pdwfESvHk;awmf tBunfqdkufcJh&ayonf/ &wemyHkaeNynfawmftwGif; rDSwif;aexdkifBuonfh Nynfol? Nynfom;? &[ef;&Sifvltrsm;onf wm0wdefomyGJawmf usif;yNyKvkyfaeonfESifh BuHKBudKuf&aom rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf olwdkY\ awmufyaNymifvufaom qif,ifxHk;zGJUrSKrsm;udk NrifawGU&awmfrlí auseyfNcif;vnf; Nzpf&ygonf/ 0wfaumif;pm;vSrsm;udk 0wfqifum om;wGJavmif;? orD;wGJavmif;Nzifh oufBuD;? 0gBuD;rsm;udk ylaZmfuefawmh&ef oGm;Buonfudk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; awGYBuHKawmfrl&ívnf; pdwfESvHk;awmf csrf;aNrhNcif;vJ Nzpf&ayonf/ qDrD;a&mif&Sdef xdefxdefvif;atmif xGef;nSdí wm0wdefomewfNynfrS r,fawmf ewfom;tm; w&m;a&at; wdkufauR;NyD;onfESifh vlYNynfodkY Nyefvnf BuGa&mufvmaom Ak'¨&Sifawmftm; ylaZmfonfh wm0wdefomyGJawmfrSm BuufysHrus pnfum;vSygayonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkY tavhtxtwdkif; usif;yNyKvkyfNrJNzpfaom rD;xGef;yGJawmfudk &yfuGuftvdkuf tNydKiftqkdif xGef;nSdxm;onfhyGJawmfudk q&mwynfhESpfOD;wdkY &TifNrL;aompdwfNzifh vSnfhvnfBunfh&SKBuygonf/ ausmfrdk;wHcg;rS wdwfwqdwf &kyfzsufxGufcJh&if; vltkyftBum;odkY oGm;vm vSKyf&Sm;&onfrdkY rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a&Tpdwfawmf BunfEl;rdayonf/ pdwú&r[Dt&yfrS wNznf;Nznf; vSnfhvnfBunfh&SK&if; NrdKUtpGeftzsm; vlae&yfuGufNzpfonfh r[mEG,fpOft&yfodkYwdkif ( ,ck rEÅav; wuúodkvfausmif;ae&m ) rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifh OD;a&TarmifBuD;wkdY a&muf&SdoGm;Buygonf/ xdktcsdefwGif rD;xGef;yGJ NyD;pD;í vlaetdrfaNcrsm; ydwfcgwdwfqdyfoGm;ygawmhonf/ onfawmhrSyif olwdkYwGif rD;tdrf? rD;tkyfaqmif; ryg&SdcJhonfhtNzpfudk owd&ygavawmhonf/ aeNynfawmf\vrf;rsm;wGif rD;wdkifrsm; r&SdonfNzpfí rvTJruif;omaom udpöNzifh ntcgoGm;vmBu&olrsm;rSm rD;tdrf? rD;tkyfrsm; yg&Sd&ygonf/ xdkodkY


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ryg&Sdí uif;orm;rsm; ouFm&eHY ruif;ygvQif zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifEdkifcGifh trdefYrsm; xkwfNyefxm;ygonf/ rD;xGef;yGJ NyD;pD;onfhaemuf xkdntzdkY tcsdefNzKef;Edkif&ef OD;a&TarmifBuD;ESifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;wdkY wkdifyifnDnGwfpGm qHk;NzwfBuNyD; rdk;tvif; uNyaomyGJrsm;&Sdonfh NrdKUtaemufNyifodkY oGm;&ef xGufcGmcJhBuygonf/ vrf;wGif awGU&Sd&aom enf;yg;vSonfh c&D;oGm;rsm;wGif rD;tdrf? rD;wdkif udk,fpD ygonfcsnf; awGU&ayonf/ pBumEG,fpift&yfrS Nzwfoef;NyD; atmifeef;&dyfomt&yf&Sd avmurm&Zdef ousoD[ bk&m;yGJawmfodkYoGm;&ef c&D;OD;wnfaeygonf/ xdkbk&m;yGJawmfonf ta&mif;t0,f tcsuftcsmusonfh &yfuGuf&Sd wefcdk;BuD;bk&m;NzpfaomaBumifh pnfum;rnfudkodaom OD;a&TarmifBuD;rSm vltkyfBuD;Bum;xJwdk;vdkonfqdkaom rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tvdkNynfh0ap&ef ac:aqmifcJhNcif; Nzpfygonf/ xkdtcdkuf0,f pBumEG,fpift&yfzuftul; aeNynfawmf NrdKU0efrif;\ uif;orm;rsm; ta0;rS vSrf;Nrif&ygonf/ rD;rygonfhtwGuf ar;vm;Nref;vm; vkyfaeygvQif &Snfvsm;aernf pdk;&drfrdí rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk vufwdkYvsuf vta&mif uif;vGwfonfh tarSmif&dyfrsm; odyfonf;xlxyfonfh opfyiftkyfwckatmufodkY wdk;0ifBuygavonf/ uif;orm;rsm;rSm acG;wpDpD a[mifaeonfhBum;rS atmfBu,f[pfBu,fESifh pum;wazmifazmif aNymqdkoGm;Buonfudk rif;w&m;BuD;wdkY twdkif;om; Bum;ae&ygonf/ tarSmif&dyftwGif; NidrfoufpGm ykef;cdkaeBuqJ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;wdkY aemufyg;rS rnfonfhtcsdefu a&mufvmrSef;rod&aom acG;wtkyfvHk;u 0dkif;0ef;í a[mifygavawmhonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; acG;rsm; ta[mif&yfoGm;ap&ef teD;&Sd opfudkif;udkcsdK;í &dkufarmif;? ykwfarmif; vkyfygonf/ xkdodkY acG;rsm;udk &dkufykwfrdavawmhrS acG;rsm;onf qdwfndrfoGm;Bu&rnfhtpm; ydkí a[mifvmygonf/ rvSrf;rurf; wJwvHk;qDrS acG;armif;oHBum;&vsuf a&eHqDrD;cGufta&mifwck xGufay:vmygonf/ rD;a&mifaBumifh ae&mwGif qufvufykef;atmif;ae&ef rNzpfEdkifawmhonfhtwGuf tarSmif&dyfxJrS acG;rsm;udk aNcmufvSefY&if; vrf;ray : odkY wufcJhBuygonf/ xl;Ncm;pGm qlnHaeaom acG;oHrsm;aBumifh aemufaBumif;NyefvSnfhvmaom uif;orm;rsm;ESifh OD;a&TarmifBuD;wdkYrSm vta&mifNzifh wOD;ESifh wOD; aumif;pGm NrifaeBu&ygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;wdkYum; uif;orm;rsm;uvSrf;í t&yfcdkif;aeonfudk Bum;oNzifh ] rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;wdkY todkY NyK&ygrnfenf; .... trdefYawmfrSwfawmfrlyg } [k wD;wdk;avQmufwifoní¼ ] o,f .... iarmifBuD; owdayghvScsnfvm; ... / ightrnf udk&ifaumif;Nrwfac:zdkY eifarhacsy .... ckta&;u aNy;rS at;rnfrdkY aNy;omaNy;[ .... } [kaNym&if; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; taemufzufodkY taNy;okwfoGm;ygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; aemufrS wyg;wnf; taNy;vkdufygonf/ olwdkYaNy;avrS uif;orm;rsm;vnf; nmoHay;í taNy;vdkufBuygonf/ acG;wtkyfvnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;wdkYaemuf tl&if;? a[mif&if; vdkufBuonfhtwGuf aomaomnHaeygavonf/ aNy;&if;? vGm;&if;ESifh OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; tudkif;tcufrsm; aNrBuD;ESifh xdvkcref; udkif;nGwfaeonfh refusnf;yifudk awGU&SdonfESifh udkif;ay: vSrf;qGJwufa&muf ykef;cdkaevdkufygonf/ acG;oH? vloHrsm; tawmfa0;a0; a&mufoGm;onfudk Bum;&awmhrS tarmaNz&if; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; aNy;awmfrloGm;onfudk trSwf&rdygawmhonf/ odkYNzpfí opfyifay:rS qif;um em;pGifhrdygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifh rsufaNcNywfoGm;onfhtwGuf aNrBuD;udk em;Nzifhuyfí toHvm&mt&yfudk rSef;qBunfhygonf/ taemufaxmifh ,Gef;,Gef;qDrS acG;oHrsm; Bum;ae&ygonf/ acG;rsm;udk NypfcwfESdrfeif;&ef cJrsm;&Smrdygonf/ vta&mifatmufwGif rNrifrprf;ESifh &SmazG&m cyfrJrJtyHkwpfckudk awGUoNzifh cJxifrSwfum ukef;taumufvdkufwGif aNymhcRJcRJt&mrsm;udk tm;yg;w& udkifqkwfrdygavonf/


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rJrJo@efwcku ‘ eifhtar ... b,fu taoaumif [kwfonfvJ iuRJ&? eifrl;rl;&l;&l;ESifh tdyfaysmfaeooludk taoxifaeonfy ... } [k aNymvkdufygonf/ ] igudk,fwdkif yg;pyfNzJBunfhonfy zkwfaumif0ifvmonfxifw,f udk&if ... / zkwf0ifvdkYom ckrS pum;pvmonfudkrsm; udk&ifu taBumuf0ifaeNyefyvm; ... / } [k tNcm; rJrJo@efwckuvnf; NyefaNymvkdufonf/ olwdkYcsif; pum;aNymoHBum;avawmhrS rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; tNzpfrSefudk &dyfpm;rdygawmhonf/ olpufawmfac:aeonfudk okb&mZmrsm;u olaoxifrSwfí t0wfrsm;vmcRwfNcif; Nzpfayrnf/ ( xdkacwf xdktcgu ul;pufwwfaom a&m*g ausmufa&m*g? umvom;a&m*grsdK;rsm;ESifh tcsdefrJhaoaomolrsm;udk &yf&GmtwGif;rxm;yJ oif;csdKif;odkY ydkYxm;Buonf/ eHeuf tcsdefusa&mufrS o&P*Hkwif oif;csdKif;wGifyif NrKyfESH oN*FdK[fBuygonf/ ) rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; raeomawmhyJ pufawmfac:&mrS xawmfrl&if; .... ] irdkufom;awG b,fu taoaumif [kwf&onfvJ? eifwdkY tdyfaerSef;rod aoaerSef;rodyJ ... / } [k aNymvkdufonf/ rif;w&m;BuD; pum;tqHk;wGif wckaom rJrJo@efu .... ] udk&if zkwf0ifonfom trSefy .../ NrefNref&dkuf rvSJ&if igwdkY'ku©awGUrnf rvTJrdkY NrefNref&dkufyg[k ZGwfyifwdkufwGef;aeNyefonf/ onftwdkif; NidrfaevQif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; &efrlvmzdkYom &Sdawmhrnfudk odawmfrloNzifh irdkufom;ESpfa,muftm; &efrNyKrDS t&ifOD;pGm qHk;rrS oifhawmhayrnf[k xkdif&mrS vQifNrefpGm xawmfrlNyD; okb&mZm ESpfa,mufudk qHk;rawmfrlzdkYtwGuf cawmif;BudKuf&ef ykqdk;pudk vdkufqGJavrS udk,fawmfay:wGif ykqdk;r&Sd rdarG;wdkif;? zarG;wdkif; NzpfaeaBumif; od&ygawmhonf/ ESpfNcdKufpGm pufawmfac:awmfrlcJhrdonhftwGuf cg;0wfykqdk;rsm; tdyfonfhae&mwGif uRwfaeavovm;[k tdyfpuf&mae&m vSrf;Bunfhrdaomfvnf; AvmewÅd vHk;0r&Sd/ onfawmhrS rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; w&m;cHtppftrSefudk &dyfrdod&Sdygawmhonf/ okb&mZmESpfa,mufyif udk,fawmhykqdk; cRwf,lolrsm;yif Nzpfayrnf/ ] a[h ... irdkufom;aumifawG ... ighudk,f0wfykqdk; Nyefay;ygbd ... ig[maoolr[kwf rlrSef oduNyDyJ .... eifwdkY,lonfh ykqdk;Nyefay;yg ... / } ] at;[Jh ... aoolr[kwfrSef;awmh oduNyD .. / eifhudk,f0wf Nyefvdkoyqdk&if igwdkYtdyfysufNyD; bmypönf;rS r&avordkY igeJY vufyef;owfvdkY eifEdkif&if eifhudk,f0wfykqdk; Nyefay;&raygh ... .eif&SKH;&ifawmh ig eifhykqdk;udk ,lyr,f ... ESpfNcdKuf&JYvm; ... / } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; onfvrf;rSvGJí wNcm;enf;Nzifh Nyefvnf&,l&ef vrf;prNrifawmhoNzifh olwdkYtvdkudk vufcHvkduf&onf/ ] at; .... eifhqdkpum; twdkif; NrJyap ... eifhpum; rwnfrBunfcJh&if NrdKU0efudk wdkifBum;NyD; tNypfawmf&ap&rnfy .... / } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD; tEG,fawmfyDyD &J&ifhol Nzpfayonf/ rif;om;wdkY oifBum;wwfaNrmuftyfaom t|m&otwwf wq,fh&Spf&yfudkvnf; wwfaNrmufol Nzpfygonf/ xkdYNyif &Srf;? ,Gef;? Aef&Snfq&m? Aefwdkq&m rsm;xHrSvnf; Aefwdk? Aef&Snfrsm;udk pepfwus oifBum;xm;olNzpfí udk,fcHynmaumif;ygonf/ odkYyifNzpfvifhupm; ,ck vufyef;owf&rnf qdkNyefawmh udk,fruRrf;usifaom ynmNzpfoNzifh *&kNyKí owfykwf&rnf[k qHk;Nzwfawmfrlygonf/


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rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; udk,fawmfay:rS cGpD;xm;ol okb&mZm\ nmbufvufESifh nmbufykcHk;pGef;udk wGef;í udk,fudkvdrfapmif;oGm;atmif NyKvkyfvdkufygonf/ udk,fvdrfapmif; oGm;onfaBumifh okb&mZm\ zdtm; ysufNy,foGm;onfESifh Aefwdkenf;Nzifh okb&mZmvuftm; b,fvufNzifh cdkifrmpGm csKyfaESmifNyD; Burf;Nyifay:odkY usapatmif usifvnfpGm NyKvkdufygawmhonf/ okb&mZmvnf; rarQmfvifhrdaom wHkYNyefrSKESifh vQifNrefNzwfvwfpGm wkdufcdkufvmrSKaBumifh rckcHEdkifrD Burf;Nyifay:odkY tNyD;wdkif vSJcsNcif;cHvdkuf&ygawmhonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ ynmom;ygyg olYtm; xdef;csKyfí rvSKyfr&Sm;Edkifatmif tEdkif,loGm;onfudk rrSKawmhyJ .... ] udk,fhvl& usKyf&HSK;&wm 0rf;renf;aybl; ..../ udk,fhvlrSm vufyrf;ynm wzufurf;cwf wwfaNrmufool NzpfordkY usKyfauseyfonfy .../ } ] tdrf; .... eif[m okb&mZm NzpfayrJh &J&ifh Nywfom;vSayoAs .... eifhemrnf tolenf; .... / } ] usKyfemru irSwfy .../ olYudkawmh iuRJac:qdkonfudk vlwdkif;odBuonfy .../ qifNzLuef irSwfqdkvQif vufyrf;om;wdkif; odavoAs .../ &wemyHk aeNynfawmfxJwGif irSwftrnf[m tausmfa',s odolr&Sm;yg ..../ } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; irSwfay;onfh ykqdk;udk 0wf&if; .... ] usKyfudk usHK;awmifbufem; pdwÅ&r[D&yf a&mufatmif ydkYay;aya&mh udkYvla& ... ckyJ oGm;BurS awmfa&mhr,f ..../ } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; irSwfausmxufrS pD;&if; pdwÅ&r[D&yfodkY ta&mufvmcJhygonf/ irSwfESifh tazmf iuRJwkdYrSmvnf; vrf;wGif a&mufwuf&m&mrsm;udk aNymqdkvmBuygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ trnf? tvkyftudkifwdkYudk ar;Nref;&m a&Tbdke,frS opf0g;ukefonf udk&ifaumif;Nrwf NzpfaBumif; .../ raeYu Nrifhrdk&fyGJBunfh&if; tvnfvGefoGm;&mrS uif;orm;rsm;udk a&SmifuGif;&if; ocFsKdif;Z&yfay:txd aNymNyygonf/ pGefYpm;cef;rsm;udk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rSm owd&vmaomaBumifh yDwdawG Nzm&ygao;onf/ a&mifeDay:vmcsdef rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;wdkYrSm pdwÅ&r[D&yfuGufwGif;odkY a&muf&SdvmBuygonf/ okb&mZmrsm;udk Nyefapygonf/ olYwynfhwa,mufudk naeydkif;wGif irSwfESifh iuRJtwGuf aiGom;ig;&musyf tvdk&Sd&m toHk;NyKEdkif&ef ay;ydkYay;vkdufrnfhtaBumif; trdefY&Sdvkdufygonf/ okb&mZm ESpfa,mufvnf; xdkpum;Bum;od&oNzifh 0rf;aNrmufBunfEl;pdwfwdkYNzifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; OD;nGwf t&kdtaoay;vsuf vmvrf;twdkif; &TifNrL;pGm NyefoGm;Buygavonf/ xkd okb&mZmrsm; aysmufuG,foGm;avawmhrS rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; rnfolrQ r&dyfrdapyJ a&Teef;awmftwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufoGm;ygavawmhonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf i,fuRefvufpGJawmf iarmifBuD;tm; olUudkNypfxm;cJhí udk,fvGwf&kef;oGm;onf[k xifrSwfrSm;í oHk;&ufwdwd pum;rqdkyJ aeygonf/ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


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eHeufvif;vQif OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; olBuD; OD;pHNrifhtm; NrdKU0ef OD;ombdkudk tac:ckdif;ygavonf/ olBuD;vnf; qif;&Jom;wOD;u NrdKU0efrif;udk ac:cdkif;onfhtwGuf ysuf&,fNyKcg b0ifudkifaeaom t&l;wa,muf[k txifa&mufoGm;ygonf/ ] udk,fhvlu &m&moo NrdKU0efrif;OD;ombdkudk awGUcsif&atmif NrdKU0efrif;udk oifhtarhvif rSwfaebdonfvm; ..../ onftcsdefwGif NrdKU0efrif;bk&m;onf olUr,m;av;rsm;ESifhzufí pufawmfac:vdkY aysmfawmfrlqJ &SdayOD;rnfy ighvl& ..../ } OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; rcHcsifpdwfrsm; Nzpfay:vmNyD; olBuD;rsufESmudk wHawG;Nzifh vSrf;axG;&if; ] acG;om; ... igh rsufESmudk aphaphBunfhprf; ../ eif a&Teef;awmfBuD;xJ ra&mufbl;avonfrdkY igh rodrNrifbl;avonfy .../ vufqGJawmf a&TarmifBuD;qdkwm igbJ[ .../ } [k Budrf;armif;vkdufonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD; Budrf;armif;oHBum;&awmhrS olBuD;rSm aBumuf&rnfhtpm; olxifrSwfaeovdk b0ifNrifhaom t&l;wpfa,muf[k twnfNyKí olYwynfhtm; ] Budrfaumif;wvHk;ay;prf;yg ../ iNrdKifonf t&l;udk Budrfaq; wdkufauR;ay;&ayvdrfhrAsm; ..../ } [kaNymvkdufonf/ olBuD;\wynfhvnf; q&mtrdefYtwdkif; BudrfvHk;udk ,lvsuf olBuD;vuf0,fodkY ay;tyfvdkufygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; olBuD;tm; atmf[pfqJqdk Budrf;0g;ygonf/ olBuD;vnf; tqJcH&oNzifh a'goydkxGufcg OD;a&TarmifBuD;udk BudrfNzifh wtm;qGJ&dkufygawmhonf/ &dkufav? qJav ... qJav? &dkufav NzpfaeoNzifh qlnHoHaBumifh &yfuGuftwGif;rS vltrsm; vma&muf Bunfh&SKBuygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD; udk,fay:wGifvnf; BudrfvHk;&m tvQdK; tpif;rsm;Nzifh NynfhESufaeygavonf/ vmBunfhBuolrsm;Nzifh NynfhESufaeygavonf/ vmBunfhBuolrsm;xJwGif tdyfzefawmfom;wa,muf yg&SdvmonfaBumifh xdktdyfzefawmfom;uyif ... ] olBuD;rif; vlrSm;aeygaygh .../ 'g yif;wvJpm; vufpGJawmfBuD; OD;a&TarmifBuD;y ... olBuD; ausacsmatmif NyKayrS oufom&m &awmhr,fAs ... / } [k uHtm;avsmfpGm a&muf&dSvmaom tdyfzefawmfom; aNymBum;csufaBumifh olBuD;rSm rsufvHk;NyL;oGm;&ygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;tm; xdyfwkef;rS NzKwfítdrfay:odkY ayGUcsDrwifcg 'Pf&mrsm;udk eEGif;ESifh aq;rsm; vdrf;usHí tEl;tnGwf awmif;yefygavonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; olBuD;wpfa,muftaeNzifh i,fom;rsm; aNymorQ ,HkBunfolNzpfonf/ trSKudk trSeftuef rppfausmyJ xdyfwkef;t&ifcwfwwfonfh trltusifhaBumifh olBuD;tNzpfESifh rwef&m? odkYtwGuf &mxl;rS xkwfy,fí ausmw&m? &ifw&m yg;uGufom;rsm;udk &dkufygap[k NrdKU0efrif;tm; arwÅm&yfcHí a&Teef;awmftwGif;odkY NyefoGm;ygavawmhonf/ aeNynfawmftwGif; tcsdefrJh oGm;vm&mwGif rD;pD;? rD;wdkif? rD;tkyfaqmif; ryg? r&SdyJ roGm;vm&[laom trdefYawmf&Sdygavonf/ rD;tkyfaqmif; r,loGm;rdonfaBumifh awGUBuHK&aom 'ku© oku©rsm;twGuf olYudk,fol ayghavsmh&avrnfvm;[k tNypfwifrdygonf/ ol\ ayghavsmhrSKaBumifhvnf; rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;yg BuD;pGmaom tEÅ&m,fESifh &ifqdkifcJh&onfudk Bum;od&onfhtwGufvnf; pdwfraumif;Ncif; Nzpfrdayawmhonf/ NrdKUwHcg;rsm; rydwfrDS xGufcGmBu&ef csdef;qdkxm;onfhtwdkif; OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; &SdaernfNzpfaom yef;ckeftkwfwdkufodkY oGm;ygonf/ toifhapmifharQmfaeaom rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifh awGUqHkNyD;vQif ol,laqmifvmcJhaom t0wftpm;xkwfudk rif;BuD;bk&m;tm; qufoawmfrlygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk t0wftpm; vJvS,fapygonf/ ] [Jh ... iarmifBuD; onft0wftpm;awGu aumif;vScsnfvm;uG,f&dkU? cgomydwf odk&if; tuFsD? ydk;csdef;ykqdk; yguvm; .... 'golBuG,fawGom 0wfwJht0wfayyJ .... }


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] rSefvSyg ... ,aeY rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; oGm;a&mufvkdaom ae&monf aiGpayrsm;ool ...? NzKef;Ekdif oHk;pGJEdkifaom vl&nfwwfrsm; vSnfhywfusufpm;&m t&yfNzpfygoNzifh ,ckuJhodkY pDpOf&Ncif; NzpfaBumif;ygbk&m; .... / } OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; &Sif;vif;wifavQmuf&if; uwDÅyg aiGptdyf&SHKav;udk udkifaNrSmufum vSKyf&rf;Nyoygonf/ a&Tp? aiGpoHrsm;yif vSKyf&rf;onfh t&SdefaBumifh xGufay:vmygonf/ ] onfvkdNzifh &Sdyap ... iarmifBuD; .../ vlBum;? olBum;xJ a&mufvQifawmh ighudk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;awG vkyfae&if onfwcg eifhacgif;udk vif;wpm auR;rAsm; ...... / } ] owdawmf rNywfrvwf&Sd&ygaphrnfbk&m; .../ uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;vnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tyg;awmfrSm woufvHk; cpm;vmool NzpfaeygoNzifh ESKwfusdK; aerdNcif;udk qifNcifí trSm;t,Gif;udk cGifhvTwfawmfrlygbk&m;.... } ] tdrf; .... [kwfayoAs .../ [kwfayoAs .../'dkYrsm; bmeJY oGm;BurnfvJ .../ olBuG,f[dwfvkyf&rnfqdkvQif bD&dkvSnf;rsm; pD;ae&rnfvm; .... / } ] trdefUawmf rSwfxm;awmfrlonfhtwdkif; acG;oHvnf; rBum;? vlolESifhvnf; ra0;uGm&[k rdefUqdkawmfrlonfhtwdkif; pDpOfxm;aBumif;yg rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ..../ } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; t0wftpm;rsm; vJvS,fawmfrlNyD;onfhaemuf rSefBuKwfawmfudk &SKpm;&if; NyHK;awmfrlygavonf/ rif;w&m;BuD; udk,fwdkifrSm oefrmzswfvwfvsuf&SdqJ[laom ,HkBunfcsufudk cdkifrmap&ef ekysdKvsuf &dSqJyifNzpfonf/ ] uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;rsm;onf vrf;uxGufcGmawmfrl&ygrnf Nzpfygonfbk&m; ... } [k wifavQmuf&if; yef;cHkawmftkwfwdkif ta&SYbufNyLwif;rS qifNzLeef;awmf ( qifwif;ukwf ) &Sd&modkY vufnSdK;nTefNy&if; wifavQmufonfudk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; rsufcHk;ESpfzuf &SHKawmfrl&if; ] b,fodkY qdkbdoenf; .... iarmifBuD; .... igudk,fawmf em;awmfr&Sif;vSaybl; ... / armifrif; em;awmfaygufatmif xyfrH avQmufwifprf;y ... / } ] bk&m; uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; qifNzLeef;awmf ( qifwif;ukwf ) a&SYwGif Nrif;ESpfaumif tqifoifh csnfaESmifxm;cJhaBumif;ygbk&m; .... rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; qifNzLawmf &SKpm;&if; Nywif;aygufawmfa&SU&Sd tkwfvuf&rf;rS ausmfvTm;í atmufodkYqif;&ygrnfbk&m; .... / } ] [Jh ... iarmifBuD; ..... tkwfvuf&rf; rygyJ aNrNyifta&muf tNrifhckESpfawmifESifh wrdkuf&Sdonfudk eifarhaeava&mhovm; ... / onfavmuf tNrifhu ckefcs&vdkY igudk,fawmfNrwf usdK;awmfrlyrnf ... / } tkwfvuf&rf;onf ckESpfawmifhwxGm tNrifh &SdaBumif; uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; odygonfbk&m; ... / tkwfvuf&rf;ay:rS ckefcs&efr[kwfygbk&m; ... uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;a&SUu t&ifqif;Nyygrnfbk&m; ..../ uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;qif;onfh twdkif; ckefqif;vQif vG,fulacsmarmpGmESifh atmufodkY aBumifus usEdkifygonfbk&m; ... / } ] onfvdkqdkvQifvJ eift&ifqif;onfudk igudk,fawmfNrwf &SKpm;awmfrlNyD;rS eifhudk wkyqif;&rnfy .... / } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; rdefYawmfrlonfESifh OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; tkwfvuf&rf;ay: ausmfwuf&if; vuf&rf;taNcay: ausmfcGvsuf &yfygonf/ tkwfvuf&rf; ta&SYbufrS&yf&if; ] uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;


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NyKtyfonfudk aphaph&SKpm;awmfrlyg ... trSm; wuGuf&Sdygu tusoufomrnf r[kwfaBumif;yg rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ..... } [k avQmufwifvdkufonf/ xkdodkY avQmufwifawmfrlNyD; olrsufESmrlae&mrS rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; ausmay;vsuf vufaemufNyef tkwfvuf&rf;udk udkifumzifxkdifygonf/ odkY zifxdkifNyD;rS xkdifae&mab;udk vufESpfzufESifh udk,fvdrfapmif;axmufcg atmufodkYavQmcsvdkufygonf/ vufESpfzufrS wGJavmif;qGJ&if; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; ] onfae&mrS vufudk aNzrcsrDS tkwfckefudk aNcESifhuefí udk,fudkuGmapNyD; vufNzKwfcsvdkufvQif aBumifus usEkdifonfudk &SKpm;awmfrlygbk&m; ... / } [k aNymqdkavQmufxm;&if; atmufodkY ckefcsvdkufygonf/ ] onfvkdqdkvQif tvG,fom;ygvm; iarmifBuD;&JU ... } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; OD;a&TarmifBuD; NyKvkyfonfhtwdkif; Nznf;nif;pGm ckefcsvdkufygonf/ vufNzKwf ckefrcsrDS tcsdefav;wGifyif OD;a&TarmifBuD;u ] rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tkwfckefudk aNcawmfESifh uefapí udk,fawmfuGmaprS ckefcs .... } [k pum;rqHk;rDS vufNzKwftcsvdkufwGif aNrBuD;ESifh tkwfckefuif;pae&monf tkwfrsm;udk qifacsavsmoabmrsdK; tqkwftwufrsm; NyKvkyfxm;ygonf/ nDnGwfrSKr&Sdaom tkwfckef tqkwftwufay:wGif eif;rdawmfrlí rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rSm udk,f&SdefrowfEdkifyJ zifxkdif&uf vJusygonf/ aNcaxmufESpfacsmif;rSm rdk;odkY axmifoGm;onf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; 0wfqifxm;aom ykqdk;rSm rsufESmawmfay:odkYwdkifatmif zHk;vGrf;oGm;oNzifh atmufydkif;rSm Avmusif;vsuf i,fawmfygrSm twdkif;om; ay:xGufaeygonf/ yHkyrf;udk Nrif&olwdkif; r&,fyJ raeEdkifatmif Nzpf&rnfrSefaomfvnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; &Sufawmfrlrnfpdk;í OD;a&TarmifBuD;rSm r&,f0efYyg/ pyfNzJNzJNzpfaeaom rsufESmudk tydk;oyfvsuf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; xlray;&ef tem;wdk;oGm;onfwGif vJus&mrS x&yf&if; ykqdk;udk Nyif0wfygavonf/ onfawmhrS OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;wGif ayusHaeaom zkwfrsm;udk cgay;awmfrlvdkufonf/ ] udk,fawmf b,fae&mrsm; txdemoGm;ygao;onfvJ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; .../ } ] remusifayrJh t&Sdefowfr&wmaBumifh aemufvefvJ&onf ..../ eifh wkyayrJh r&yguvm; iarmifBuD;& ..../ } ] rSefvSyg .../ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; tkwfcHkudk uefí udk,fawmfuGmaprS ckefcsawmfrl&ef owdawmfqufqJ t&Sifbk&m; ckefcsawmfrlonfhtwGuf rnDnGwfaom qifaNcavQmay: usoGm;onfhtwGuf t&Sdefrxdef;EdkifyJ vJusoGm;&Ncif; NzpfaBumif;yg rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ..... / } ] at; ... [kwfayom;bJ iarmifBuD;&JU .../ ighcsdKU,Gif;csufayuyJ ... / } ] uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;rsm;onfu NrefNrefcGmBurS oifhawmfrnf xifaBumif;yg .../ ADZem tenf;i,ftwGif; NrdKUwHcg;BuD;rsm; ydwfawmhrnf NzpfaBumif;ygbk&m; ..../ } ] oGm;Buonfy .... igha&SUu eifbJ vrf;Nyayawmh iarmifBuD;& ..../ } Nrif;ay:odkY udk,fpDwufBuNyD;aemuf qifNzLeef;awmfa&SUrSxGufvsuf ta&SUbufodkYauGUNyD; aNrpdkufeef;awmf ( a&TvTwfawmfBuD; ) a&SUrSNzwfvsuf aNrmufbufodkY pD;eif;oGm;Buygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; OD;a&TarmifBuD;aemufrS pdkufpdkufruGm vkdufygpD;eif;&if; pdwfawmfwGif;0,f pOf;pm;Bunfhrdygonf/ ,ckoGm;&rnfht&yfonf a&Teef;awmfBuD;\ taemufawmifaxmifh ( paeaxmifh ) t&yfwGif &Sdaeygonf/ rnfodkYaom taBumif;Nzifh aNrmuft&yfodkY


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pdkif;aeBuonfudk awG;awmaerdygonf/ onfvdkESifh aNrmufbuf eef;NrdKUtxGuf a&awmfwHcg;odkY a&muf&Sdvmygonf/ NrdKUNyifodkY qufvufpD;eif;xGufcGmvmBu&if; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; pOf;pm;&if; qdwfqdwfvkdufygvmcJhygavonf/ a&Teef;NrdKUawmf aNrmufbufyg;&Sd tr&|mPD t&yfrS Nzwfoef;í aNrmufpl;pl;odkY qufvufpD;eif;aeNyefawmhoNzifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; raeEdkifawmhoNzifh OD;a&TarmifBuD;\Nrif;udk trDSvdkuf&if; .... ] [Jh ... iarmifBuD; eifb,fudkoGm;rnfaBumifh aNrmufpl;pl;odkY Nrif;ESifae&oenf; .../ } [k tar;awmf&Sdvdkufonf/ ] rSefvSyg ..../ NynfBuD;aysmfzG,f t&yfudk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; oGm;vdkonf[k rdefUawmfrlcsufaBumifh NynfBuD;aysmfbG,ft&yfpDudk oGm;&efvmcJhNcif;NzpfaBumif;ygbk&m; .... / } ] [Jh iarmifBuD; eif&l;aeonfvm; .../ NynfBuD;aysmfbG,ft&yfonf a&Teef;awmfBuD;\ taemufawmifa'gifh t&yfwnfhwnfhwGif &dSonfudk eifrodoavm .../ tb,ftaBumif;ESifh qefUusif&ma'oodkY a&SU&SKavbdoenf; ...... / } ] odygonf bk&m; .... / uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;onfvnf; NynfBuD;aysmfbG,f t&yfodkY rBumrBum a&mufbl;ygonfbk&m; ... ,ck oGm;aeBuonfrSmvnf; NynfBuD;aysmfbG,ft&yfodkY OD;wnfvsuf oGm;aeBuNcif;yg bk&m; .... / } ] NrwfpGmbk&m; ... / taemufawmift&yfodkY c&D;xGufBuNcif;udk aNrmuft&yfrS vSnfhcJhonftwGuf igtodkY em;vnf&awmhtHhenf; iarmifBuD;&JU ... / } ] rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefUawmfNrwf rSwfawmfrlonfhtwdkif; acG;oHvnf; rBum;& .../ vloHvnf; ruif;uGm&aom vrf;rS oGm;Bu&ef pDpOf&onfrdkY rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; pdwf0rf;awmfcscs uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; aemufawmfrS vkdufawmfrlygbk&m; .... / rif;w&m;BuD;trdefUawmftwdkif; uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;rsm;wdkU NynfBuD;aysmfbG,ft&yfodkY ta&mufESif;Burnfudk xyfrH avQmufxm;&ygonfbk&m; .... / } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; wdwfqdwfpGmNzifh Nrif;udkESif&if; OD;a&TarmifBuD;aemufrS waumufaumufESifh vkdufygavawmhonf/ onfvdkESifh OD;a&TarmifBuD;wdkU uRef? t&Sif ESpfyg;wdkUonf rEÅav;awmif taemufbufab;rSuyfí aNrmufpl;pl;odkY pD;eif;aeBuygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a&TpdwfawmfwGif odcsif ar;prf;csifpdwfrsm; wvdyfvdyf wufvmcJhaomfvnf; OD;a&TarmifBuD;\ tpDtpOfudk tptqHk; odvdkawmfrlí cyfrqdwf vdkufygawmfrlcJhygonf/ onfwBudrf iarmifBuD;onf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tvkdawmfESifh qefUusifcJhygvQif acgif;Nzwfowf&ef tmPmyg;uGufom;wdkUvufodkY tyf&thH[k pdwfwGif;rS BuHK;0g;awmfrlygavonf/ iarmifBuD;taeNzifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tay: cspfcif&dkaoav;pm;cJhol Nzpfygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tvdkawmfudkvnf; aqmif&Gufay;cJhonfom NzpfcJhygavonf/ oGm;a&mufvdk&mt&yfodkY ydkUaqmifay;rnfudk oHo,r&Sdaomfvnf; ,ckoGm;aeBuonfrSm qefUusifbuft&yfodkY Nzpfaeygí rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; taeNzifh tawmftpOf;pm;&Buyfaeygavonf/ rBumygacs .... OD;a&TarmifBuD;ESifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;wdkUvnf; tdk;bdkavSqdyfodkY a&muf&Sdvmygonf/ onfawmhrS rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; OD;a&TarmifBuD;\ tpDtpOf wpdwfwa'oudk &dyfpm;rdawmfrlí yDwdpdwfNzifh ..... ] iarmifBuD; ... eifh tpDtpOfonf olrwlatmif aumif;rGefvSyguvm; [&dkU ... } [k trdefUawmf&Sdvdkufonf/


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] rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; tvdkawmfus aqmif&GufNcif;om Nzpfygonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;aom rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; pdwfawmf&TifNrL; BunfEl;aprSKudk NyKpkEdkif&ef orma'0 ewfaumif; ewfNrwfrsm; tBuHawmf qufoonfaBumifh ,ckuJhodkY pdwful;aygufvm&aBumif;yg bk&m; .... / } ] iarmifBuD; igudk,fawmfNrwfBuD;udk taNrSmuftyifhuav;eJU wifavQmufyHkudk axmuf&vQif bmudkrsm; tvdkawmf&SdaeonfvJ rodayubJ ... / } ] rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; aus;Zl;awmfaBumifh uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;wGif NynfhpHk ukefvHkaeygonf/ uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;rmcsm&efom qkawmif;ae&ygonf/ usef;rmrSom rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; apcdkif;awmfrlaom wm0efudk ausyGefatmif xrf;aqmifEdkifrnf NzpfaBumif; avQmufxm;0Hhygonf bk&m; ... / } OD;a&TarmifBuD; wifavQmufcsufqHk;avvQif a&qdyfab;rS wJi,fwckodkY qdkufa&mufoGm;Buygavonf/ wJtwGif;rS vlwa,mufxGufvmonfhtwGuf pum;pNywfoGm;í OD;a&TarmifBuD; Nrif;Zwfudk vmqGJonfhtwGuf OD;a&TarmifBuD;u ... ] ighrdwfaqGBuD;Nrif;udkom ,lvdkufyg ... / } [kaNymonfaBumifh vl&G,fvnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ Nrif;udk oGm;,lygavonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; vl&G,ftm; .... ] wdkYrsm;twGuf tqifoifh NzpfNyDvm;uG,f&dkU ..../ arSmifpvJysdK;aeNyDrdkY rNynfhpHkao;vQifvJ NynfhpHkatmif tNrefNyKygh udk&ifarmifa&U .../ } ] ykZGefqdyfckefuav;wckwifbJ vdkygawmhonf NrdKUpm;rif;BuD;cifAsm; ... tpm;tpmESifh rD;wdkif? rD;tkyfaqmif;rsm;vnf; avSay:wGif tqifoifh a&muf&SdNyD;ygh ... / } xdkvlYpum; Bum;od&í rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; yGJawmfnpmpm;zdkY owd&vmygonf/ npmyGJawmfpmudk OD;a&TarmifBuD; toifh pDpOfxm;onfhtwGuf pdwfxJrS Budwfíauseyfaeygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; oGm;vdk&m c&D;udk trdefYawmfNrwftwdkif; a&vrf;rS avSNzifh a&Twacsmif;rS pkefqif;oGm;ygu NynfBuD;aysmfbG,f t&yfudk tvG,fwulESifh a&muf&SdEdkifavonf/ ,ck rdrdwdkY a&muf&Sdaeaom ae&monf uefydkif&Gmvnf; r[kwfoNzifh rnfonfha&qdyf Nzpfaernfudk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; odvdkawmfrloNzifh OD;a&TarmifBuD;em;odkY wdk;wdk;uyfar;&mrS ] tdk;bdk } qdyfurf;rSef;od&ygonf/ tdk;bdkrS a&Twacsmif;twdkif; pkefqif;oGm;ygvQif NynfBuD;aysmfbG,f t&yfodkY wA[dk&fcGJomom ( pufwem&DcefY ) avmufNzifh a&muf&Sdayrnf/ ( ,ck rEÅav;NrdKU tv,frS Nzwfoef;pD;eif;aeonfh a&odk;? a&ykwf xkwfonfh a&Twacsmif;onf Nrefrmrif;rsm; vufxufawmftcgu ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;twGuf toHk;0ifaom acsmif;wacsmif; NzpfcJhygonf/ txuftnmESifh rwÅ&mNrdKU taNct&yfESifh atmufNynfa'owdkYrS avSBuD;avSi,fwdkYNzifh wifaqmifvmaom ukefpnfrsm;udk NrdKUwGif;txd 0ifa&muf azmufum; a&mif;0,fBuygonf/ ,ck yJcl;NrdKUv,frS Nzwfoef;pD;qif;aeaom yJcl;acsmif;uJhodkY toHk;0ifvSayonf/ xdka&Twacsmif;udk t*Fvdyfrsm; NrefrmEdkifiHudk odrf;ydkufNyD; 15 ESpfausmfBum a&BunfwHcg;rS o*FZmacsmif;txd zdkYypfNyD; a&odk;aNrmif;tNzpf aNymif;vGJvkdufygonf/ ) ADZemtenf;i,ftwGif; okwfokwfNymNymESifh vlwpfa,muf NrLtdk;wtdk;ESifh a&waumif;wckudk qGJvsuf a&muf&Sdvmonfí¼ armifatmifqdkolu avSay:odkY twifcdkif;vdkufygonf/ udk&ifatmifu ..... ] NrdKUpm;BuD;cifAsm; ... tm;vHk;tqifoifh &SdaeNyDrdkY oGm;vdku oGm;EdkifBuygNyD cifAsm; ... / } [k &dkaopGm udk,fudk udkif;nGwfí aNymonfwGif OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;buf vSnfhvsuf ... ] uJ ... tqifoifh &SdayNyDrdkY udk&ifaumif;Nrwfa& usKyfwdkY c&D;qufBurnfy ... / } [k aNymvkdufonf/


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] tdrf; ... aumif;NyD ... OD;a&TarmifBuD; oGm;Buonfy ... } [k NyefaNymvkdufonf/ avSay:wufa&mufBuí avS0rf;twGif; rsufESmcsif;qdkif xdkifBuygonf/ udk&ifatmifqdkolrSm yJhydkif;rSmxdkifvsuf avSmfwufudk udkifcg avSmfcwfygonf/ avSxGufvQif pm;awmftkyfudk rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a&SUawmfcsvsuf EDS;cGufwGif;odkY a&waumif;twGif;rS xef;a&rsm; iSJYcg rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; urf;vkdufygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; vSrf;í ,lvdkufygonf/ ] onf[m b,fawmu ,lvmonfh xef;&nfvJ OD;a&TarmifBuD;&JU ... / } ] uaemifudk,fawmfBuD;awmuyg ... ,OfysH&GmwGif ,cktcsdefavmufqdkvQif uaemiftdrfa&SUpHESifh tabmfwoif;wdkY aysmfyGJcif;aecsdefy udk&ifaumif;Nrwf&JU ... / } yGJawmftkyftwGif;rS pm;p&mrsm;rSm pHkvifvSygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; BudKufwwfaom y'yfom;uifvnf; yg0ifayonf/ aomuf&if;? pm;&if;ESifh ,pfa&T&nf wHcdk;Nzifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifh OD;a&TarmifBuD;wdkYvnf; quf&ufrif;pnf;pdrf cHpm;ae&ayNyD/ a&Bunfawmf yefqufwHcg;avSqdyfwGif tcsdefNzKef;&if; &yfem;í xrif;pm;aomufNyD;rS qufvufpkefqif;Buygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; toH0gBuD;Nzifh oDcsif;oDqdkygavonf/ olwdkYoDqdkatmf[pfoHaBumifh wcsdKUavSrsm;rS aygif;rdk;tNyifodkY acgif;rsm; NyLxGufí Bunfhol .../ urf;ay:rS vufckwfwD;? vufacgufrSKwfí BobmoHrsm;Nzifh NrdKifqkdifvSayonf/ avSorm;ESifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;wdkYu oHNydKifoDqdkBuí OD;a&TarmifBuD;u auG;aeatmif uckef&if; avSudk pkefqif;Buygonf/ oDqkdonf.oDcsif;rSmvnf; &wemykHacwfqDu tifrwef a&yef;pm;onf. Zkd;ac : MuL;ausmf ref;awmif &kd;ay : ykqkd;aygif xrDaygif uwf&kduf&atmif (MuHwmukd xef;&nfaomuf bdef;&I&atmif ) qkdonf. oDcsif;yifjzpfygonf/ onfvdkESifh aqmifeef;&dyfomavSqdyfta&muf OD;a&TarmifBuD;u avSudk &yfwefYapNyD; ... ] onfae&mu qif;BupdkY? udk&ifaumif;Nrwfa& ... usKyfwdkY rdwfaqGtdrfu onftem;wGif &Sdonfy .../ } ] aumif;Asm .. OD;a&TarmifBuD; oabmtwdkif;omy .../ usKyfuvJ onft&yftaeawG ruRrf;usifaybl; rSKwfvm; ... / } [k aNym&if; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; avSay:rS qif;ygavawmhonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; rD;tkyfaqmif;udk xGef;ndSNyD; avSay:rS qif;vmygonf/ qdyfurf;ay: wufa&mufNyD;rS rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; OD;a&TarmifBuD;em;odkY &yfí wD;wdk;avoHNzifh ] iarmifBuD;&JU onfuaeNyD; bmNyKrJh qif;&onfvJ oD&daysmfbG,f qdyfurf;taemuf abmufrJh rpHk&onfvnf; .../ } ] rSefvSyg ... avSorm;rSm avSoif;0efrif;\ aoG;aomufBuD; Nzpfygonf/ uRefawmfrsdK;BuD;wdkY oGm;vrf;? vmvrf;udk rodapcsifí ,ckuJhodkY atmifeef;&dyfom avSqdyfrS qif;&Ncif;yg .../ NynfBuD;aysmfbG,f qdyfurf;rSvnf; wac:avmufom a0;ygawmhonf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ..../ } ] &Sdygapawmh ... /'dkYrsm;tck b,fodkY OD;wnfNyD; oGm;rnf[k iarmifBuD; pdwful;&SdonfvJ ... / } ] rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; awGYvdkawmfrlonfqdkonfh uaemiftdrfa&SUpH vufoyfarG; a*gif;r rdpyfxH t&ifoGm;Burnf[k tBuHawmf qufygonfbk&m; ..../ }


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] at;[Jh .. eifwdkYwawG aNymBuonfaBumifh rdpyfudk igudk,fawmf NrifawGYvkdawmfrlonf iarmifBuD;&JU ol\ t&nftaoG;u todkY &Sdbdoenf; ... / } ] rSefvSyg ... &kyfa&&lyumedum,fuawmhNzifh &GufBurf;a&BudK vlom;wdkif; &dSoifh &dStyfaom &kyftqif;rQom Nzpfygonfbk&m; .../ Nrefrm ESifhr*dk ukvm;aoG; pyfaeonfaBumifh t&G,fawmfrSm usm;udk;pD; pm;rukefEdkifatmif awmifhwif;pdkaNyygonfbk&m; .../ tawGYrSm yOöygyD&SHK;í udk,fawmf nSdK;csHK;atmif qGJEdkifaom owÅdxl;&SdaBumif; bk&m;uRefawmfrsdK; tBudrfBudrfawGYbl;í odaBumif;ygbk&m; ... / } ] w,f ... taNymuawmh BuG,fvSygvm;u&dkU ... igudk,fawmfNrwfeJY awGUcsifprf;ygbd ... / nDnD&JU aemifawmfrSef; rdpyfawmh rodap&atmif owdawmh &Sd&ayrAs ... / } ] uaemiftdrfa&SYpH vufpGJawmfrSefygaomfvnf; uaemifudk,fawmfbk&m;udkawmh rdpyfu vufaNrSmuft&SKH;ay;&onfrdkY uaemifrif;om;BuD;&Jh ckdif;onfhuRef xGefonfhEGm;ES,f rdpyfudk,fwdkifu pGJvrf;wrf;w ae&onfudkawmh rdpyfudk,fwdkif 0efcHcJhaBumif;yg bk&m; ... / } ] onfavmufawmifrSyJ igh nDnDu a,mfusFm;aumif; yDoavovm; iarmifBuD;&Jh ... igudk,fawmfNrwftaeNzifh rdpyfESifh ,ckyif awGYcsifprf;ygbd ... / } onfvdkESifh avQmufvm&if; rdacsmif;wHwm; qHk;vQif NynfBuD;aysmfbG,ft&yf [kac:aom &wemyHkacwf NynfhwHqm&yfuGufodkY qkdufa&mufvmBuygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; rD;tkyfaqmif; udkifvsuf OD;aqmifum rdpyfwdkYtdrfodkY a&S;&SK oGm;ygavonf/ rvSrf;rurf;ta&muf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u vufndS;xdk;awmfrl&if; ... ] [Jh .. iarmifBuD;&Jh ... [kdvSKyfvSKyf vSKyfvSKyfeJY oli,fav;awG[m vlysdKawmfom;awGeJY wlavovm; ... / } onfawmhrS OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; ,pfa&T&nft&SdefaBumifh arS;aeaom rsufaphESpfvHk;udk aoaocsmcsm zGifhBunfhNyD; ] rSefvSyg.... vlysdKawmfom;rsm; NzpfEdkifaBumif;ygbk&m; ... / olwdkY 0wfpm;qif,ifyHkrsm;rSmvnf; eef;wGif; vlysdKawmf t0wftpm;om NzpfaBumif; ygbk&m; ... / } [k wD;wdk; wifavQmuf&if; qufvufí .... ] uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; oGm;a&muf pHkprf;Bunfhygrnfbk&m; .. rD;tkyfaqmif;udk ,lawmfrlí a[m[dk opfyif&dyfrS apmifhpm;awmfrlyg bk&m; ... / } [k rD;tkyfudk ay;tyfawmfrlNyD; OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; vlysdKawmfom;rsm;&Sdd&modkY OD;wnfoGm;ygavonf/ vlysdKawmfom;rsm;xJrS OD;a&TarmifBuD;udk oduRrf;ol yg&SdaeoNzifh xdkvlysdKawmfom;av;uyif ... ] tvdk .. yif;wvJpm;BuD;ygvm; ... / tb,fodkYaom taBumif;aBumifh onfudk vmonfvJ .. / } ] ighwlBuD;rsm;vdky ... / usKyfrdwfaqGwa,muf tnmu a&muf&SdvmordkY olYtm; vdkufvH ydkYay;&Ncif;ayy ... / twGif;aqmifwGif tolrsm; &Sdbdoenf; .... / } ] rSefvSyg ... ru©&mrif;om;BuD; &dSawmfrlaBumif;yg ... / ckeuyif yifv,frif;om; ( oE©Drif;om; ) wdkY wawGvnf; vmawmfrlao;onf .... / } ] tdrf; .... aumif;oAsm ... aumif;oAsm ... ighwlBuD;rsm; b,ftcsdefxd aeawmfrlrnfvdkYrsm; rif;om;BuD; trSmtBum; &SdonfvJ .. / } ] oef;acgif,H tcsdefNyefEdkif&ef aNymBum;oHawmh Bum;rdygonf/ nDawmf rvGefrif;om; pHtdrfawmfwGif pufawmfrlrnf xif&aBumif;yg yif;wvJpm;BuD;Asm; ... / } xdktcg OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; ... ] wNcm;tdrfawG a&SmufoGm;ayOD;r,fAs ... / ighwlBuD;rsm;u wdkYrsm;onfudkvmaBumif; rif;om;udk rwifvdkufBuygESifh rif;om;BuD;rSwqifh olwdkY bcrnf;awmf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; Bum;odawmfrlvQif Budrf;armif; qlyl? a&Tpdwfawmf nLplae&if tcpm;


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] tmumrSm a&mif0gNiD;vdkY? a&TusD;wJh [oFm? ykZGefcsdef qHusifESifh? wHigqif odE¨0? AsdKif;vS wm&m? oQwÅ&m? usrf;vmpum;? u0dcHvdku/ wdrfndKrSm wm&mudk;udk usdK;vdkY rSwfom; ... / } xdkrSwqufwnf; eu©wf ( 27 ) vHk;\ yHko@efrsm;udkyg oifBum;cJh&Nyefonfudk owd&rdygavonf/ ] tmom0wD aNcmufvHk;nDwlNyD; Nrif;acgif;vdk b&PDrSm oHk;vHk;om yrm&Hkavmufvdk ( caemufvdk ) uswÅdum Bu,fckESpfoG,f Buufi,fpkovdk q,fvHk;wnD a&m[PDwlNyD; ig;Buif;vdk rd*oDrSm oHk;vHk;om a0g[mvdyfacgif;vdk? vdyfvufac:Bu t‘E´{u wvHk;qdk ykPÖzkoQL; ig;vHk;NyL; ESKdif;wkoabFmvdk? iSufacscHoGif;? q,fvHk;Nrif; ac:oGif;zkoQqdk? tÍ³vdo av;vHk;& wkrQcuf&if;vdk } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; aumif;uif? eu©wfwm&mrsm;udk wckpD wckpD pmqdkESifh nDrnD wdkufrwdkuf ppfaq;&if; tumoeu©wfobifwGif tawG;epfNrKyfaeqJ OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; rvSrf;rurf;rSxdkifí aNymif;zl;zuf aq;vdyfBuD; wzGm;zGm;aomuf&if; apmifha&Smufaeygonf/ aq;vdyft&omcHíaomufaepOf pum;qlnHpGm aNymqdkvmBuaom vli,fwodkufudk Nrifrdí vSrf;Bunfhrdygonf/ ru©&mrif;om;ESifh taygif;yg vlysdKawmfom;wodkuf NzpfBu[efwlygonf/ oef;acgiftcsdefwdkifatmifaernf[k aNymcJhBuaom olwdkYrSm tb,fhaBumifh tapmBuD; Nyefvmbdoenf; .../ ,cktwdkif;qdkygvQif oef;acgiftcsdefwdkif&ef wA[dk&fawmhvdkayOD;rnf/ odkYNzpfí olwdkY rnfonfhae&moGm;onfudk od&Sd&ef tuJcwfrS oifhawmfayrnf[k atmufarhum rvSrf;rurf;rS vkdufvH Bunfh&SK&ef xkdif&mrS xygavonf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;wkd.&yfem;xm;aom avSawmfajrmufbuf0g;okH;av;&kduftuGm&Sd wHwm;av;ay: jzwfavsSmufíta&S.bufurf;ul;oGm;Muonfukd jrif&ojzif. rvGefrif;om; pHtdrfawmfqDokd. OD;vSnf.rnfrSmaocsmoavmufjzpfaeí tomt,m jyefvSnf.cg rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tyg;okd. wkd;uyfoGm;&if; avoHjzif. ]rif;w&m;MuD; bk&m; om;awmfMuD; ru©&mrif;om;ESif. taygif;tyg rsm; rdpyfxHrS jyefvmMujyDjzpfí usGefawmfrsKd;MuD;rsm;oGm;&ef tcgawmf&ygjyDbk&m;} ]aocsm&J.vm; iarmifMuD;&J. pdwf0rf;awmfcscs oGm;EkdifcgrS oGm;Mu&if raumif;aybl;vm;} ]rSefvSyg rif;w&m;MuD; bk&m; aumif;uifarm.í eu©wfwm,mrsm;ukd pdwf0ifpm;pGm Munf.&SkawmfrlaeqJ ru©&rif;om;MuD;wkd. todkufrSm onfurf; eHab;rS jzwfoef;oGm;onfukd jrifrdygonfbk&m;} ]onfvkdqkd&ifvJ oGm;Muonfy iarmifMuD;&} rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; jyefvnfajzMum;&if; avSawmfay:rS qif;cg OD;a&TarmifMuD; tem;okd. a&Smufvmygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; rD;tkyfukdxGef;nSdjyD;aemuf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; a&S.awmfrS vrf;jy&if; rdpyf tdrfodk. vrf;jyac:aqmifoGm;ygonf/ rdpyftdrfa&S. a&mufonfwGif rD;nSdrf; wHcg;ydwfxm;onfukdawG&í OD;a&TarmifMuD;onf wHcg;ukd vufjzif.ykwfí Ekd;ygonf/ wHcg;ykwfEkd;oHaMumif. twGif;rS t&ufoHygonf. a,musfm;wa,muf\ tmav;&Smav;oHjzif. ]b,folawGwkef;Asm - usKyfwkd.onfae. tbkd. tem;,ltdyfpufMuygyD} ]yif;wvJpm; a&TarmifMuD;av? wHcg;zGif.prf;yg. ukd&if usKyfrdwfaqG{nf.aumif;ygonf aMumif.vmjcif;y} xkdjyefMum;csufaMumif. rD;cGufxGef;í wHcg;zGif.oHMum;&jyD; &kdaopGmjzif.-


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]txJudkMuGMuygOD;Asmwkd.&m &SifrdpyfMuD;awm. ,ae.tbkd.yifyrf;aeorkd. wjcm;wyg;wkd.jzif. &Sdygav&J.} ]o[mayrif. rdpyfeJ.awm.usKyfwkd. awG.jcifao;oy? ac:ay;prf;ygbdukd&if} xkdolvnf; twGif;okd.0ifoGm;jyD; cPtMum axmifaxmifarmif;armif;tom;jzLjzL rdef;rwa,mufxGufvmyD;- ] 'Dae.awm.usGefawmfrsKd;r ukd,fwkdif{nf.0wfrjyKEkdifonf.twGuf oD;cHyg jrdK.pm;MuD;&Sif.? pdwfwkdif;Mujzpfap &atmifusGefawmfr\ wynf.rav;rsm;jzif.{nf.cHygrnf} OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; cg;Mum;rS uwDÅygaiGtdyfuav;udk xkwf,ljyD; rdpyfa&S.okd. jypfay;vkdufcg? ]usKyfESrMuD; yrf;vSayr,fqkdwm usKyfodygoAs omayrif. usKyfrdwfaqGolMuG,fMuD;uawm. r,frif;&J. arT;&eH MuG,faewJ. *kPfowif;aMumif. MuD;pGmaom csifcsif;jzpfay:&onfrkd. usKyfukdwdkif r,frif;xHta&muf vkdufvH ykd.aqmifay;&onf. twGuf oD;cH jyKpkapcsifouG,f} OD;a&TarmifMuD; pum;tqkH;wGif &Sifrdpyfvnf; uwÅDygtdyf&SkHav;udk vSrf;,ljyD;zGif.cg vuf0g;ay: oGefMunf.vkduf&m a&Tp-aiGp tawmfrsm;rsm;awG.&onf.twGuf aMueyfESpfoufoGm;ykH&ygonf/ ]uJ-armifMuD;rsm;wkd.u usGefawmfrsKd;r ukdonfavmuftvkdawmf&Sdaeonfy qkd&ifvJ {nf.0wfjyK& rnfy? MuGawmfrlyg} [krif;w&m;MuD; bk&m;xHokd. csrf;uyfwGJbufvsuf twGif;aqmifokd. ac:aqmif oGm;ygawm.onf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;ukd {nf.0wfjyK&ef trsKd;orD; okH;av;a,muf vma&mufac:iifaomfvnf; q&maumif;wynf.yDyD ol.wm0efrvpf[if;ap&ef acgif;wGifwGifcgnif;í vmorsSukd ESifvTwf&Smygonf/ xkdonf.aMumif. vbufa&Murf;u&m;ESif. xef;vsufcJ - yJMuD;avSmf trJacsmufzkwfwkd.jzif. ausG;arG;ygonf/ taiG. waxmif;axmif;xaeaom ajru&m;wGif;rS pOf.ykuefwGif;okd. a&aEG;rsm;avmif;iJ.íay;um {nf.0wfjyKaeaom uav;rav;ukd OD;a&TarmifMuD;onf Munf.&if; ar;cGef;rsm; wckjyD;wck ar;jref;pyfpkaeygonf? touft&G,f trnfemr arG;zGm;&ma'o rnfuJ.okd. ,cktvkyftukdifrsKd;vkyf&aMumif; a&mufwwf&m&m rsm;ukd ar;jref;aeygonf? tenf;i,fat;pjyKvmaom nOf.eufcdsefwGif a&aEG;aomufí tjrD;pm;&onf.t&omrSm xl;jcm;vSayonf[k OD;a&TarmifMuD; ,ckowdjyKrdaeygonf? pum;wajymajymESif. a&aEG;aomufaeaom OD;a&TarmifMuD;rSm rnfrsSMumoGm;onfukdyif owdrxm; aomufíaumif;qJ rif;MuD;bk&m;ESif. rdpyfwkd. tcef;wGif;rS xGufvmMuaomtcg OD;a&TarmifMuD;xkdifaeaom 0g;uGyfjypfuav;ay: vmxdkifMuyg? xkd.rkd.aMumif. OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf;ae&m z,fay;ygonf? a&aEG;u&m;rS a&aEG;ylylav;ukd iJ.í rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tm; ay;quf&if;} ]b,fES,f.ukd&if aumif;jrwfaMueyf ESpfodrf.jcif;&Sdatmif usKyfESrMuD;u jyKpk&J.vm;} ][kwfonfy OD;a&TarmifMuD;& emrnfMuD; oavmuf twwfynmpkHvifvSygay oAsm;-vlaumifMuD;oavmufvnf; ayg.yg;vSayw,f} jrdK.pm;MuD;&J.taqGawmfu uaemifarmifarmiftaMumif; wwGwfwGwfeJ. war;xJ ar;jref;vS csnf.vm; jrdK.pm;MuD;&J.} rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; &Sifrdpyf pum;aMumif. &Sufovkd t&dyfta&mifrsm; rsufESmawmfay:wGif ay:aygufvmjyD;aemuf-


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][kwfonfy iarmifMuD;&m nDnD[m ig.xuf b,fodk.aomf taMumif;ESif. tpGrf;aumif; &rnfvJ ig[mrif;{u&mZf ppfppfjzpf onf.twGuf pGrf;pGrf;csif;pGrf;vQif igom nDnDuaemifxuf pGrf;oif.onf r[kwfaybl;vm; iarmifMuD;&J.} rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;pum; Mum;&aom OD;a&TarmifMuD;rSm tcdkuftwef. rnfokd. avQmufwif &rnfukdyifrodEkdifatmif rSifoufoGm;ovkd jzpfvsuf twefMumqdwfjidrfaerdygonf/ tavmif;rif;w&m;MuD;\ tEG,fawmfyDyD pdwf"gwfjyif;xefykH&ygonf/ Akdvfrxm;[laom jyif;jyonf. ZmwdaoG; Zmwd rmefwkd.onf þvkdae&mrsKd;txdyif vkdufvHwkdif;wmfMunf.&Iaeayonf/ rnfodk.yifjzpfap? onfudpö onftaMumif;awGtm;vkH;onf olESif.rnfrQroufqkdif? olESif.oufqkdifonf.t&mum; q&maumif;wynf.yDyD trIawmf xrf;&mwGif wkef;qkdwkduf usm;qkdvQifukduf&aytH./ tawG;ukd,fpDESif. qdwfjidrfpGm avQmufvmMuaom q&mwynf.ESpfOD;wkd.rSm avSqdyfokd.a&muf&Sdvmonf.udk ukd&ifatmiftm;EId;apvsuf vmvrf;twkdif; jyefvnfxGufcGmvmcJ.Muygonf/ tm&kHwufcsdefyif a&muf&Sdawm.rnfjzpfojzpfygonf/ ol.wkd. ]tkd;bkd} qdyfurf; a&muf&SdcsdefESif. tvif;a&mif xGufay:csdefukdufnD rSefuefcJ.ygvQif eef;jrdK.awmftwGif;odk. 0ifMu&efomjzpfygawm.onf/ odk.jzpfí c&D;rzif.ap&ef a&qefjzpfí OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; avSmfwufwacsmif;ESif. a&qefukd avSmfcyfay;ygonf/ xkdtcsdefrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; ukd,fawmfvnf;yef; pdwfawmfvnf; EGrf;[efjzif.avSay:wGif pufawmfac:&if; vkdufygawmfrlcJ.ygonf/ pufawmfac:&mrS pGJvef;aom Oy'gefaMumif. a,mif&rf;&if; a&TEIwfawmfrS [pfatmfvkdufaom rif;w&m;MuD;\ pum;rSm ]awmuf] ]cgusifaumifwJ.a[. ...] cspfpdefvGif


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OD;a&TarmifMuD;ESif. orm;awmfMuD;OD;cJwkd.rSm oli,fcsif;yDyD &if;&if;ESD;ESD; awmifpOfa&r& avQmufajymMu&if; eHeufpmukd twlpm;aomufMuygavonf/ pm;aomufjyD;pD;onf.aemuf rif;w&m;MuD; xHawmfyg; orm;awmfOD;cJa&muf&SdavrS wm0ef aMuyGefrnfjzpfonf. OD;a&TarmifMuD;rSm OD;cJtm; t0wftpm;rsm; tjrefvJvS,fapjyD; olESif.twl jrif;wpD;jzif. vkdufyg&ef ac:aqmifoGm;ygavonf/ vrf;wGifjrif;pD;&if; ,refae.u nuajzpftysufrsm;ukd OD;cJtm; wvkH;rusef OD;a&TarmifMuD;u ajymjyavonf/ rdpyfu 'kwd, uaemifarmifawmf[k rif;w&m;MuD;tm; uifyGef;wyfvkdufonfukd rcHcsifpdwfjzpfay:í orm;awmficJESif. wkdifyif&ef tac:awmf&Sdjcif; jzpfaMumif;ukd &Sif;vif;jyygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;ESif. OD;cJwkd. a&Teef;awmfMuD;xJ a&muf&SdcsdefwGif eHeufnDvmcHpcsdefESif. wkdufqkdifaeygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;onf orm;awmfOD;cJtm; yef;ckHawmf tkwfwkdufwGif;okd. ykd.aqmifcJ.jyD;rS eHeufnDvmcHobifqif,ifusifyonf. rSefeef;aqmifwGif;okd. 0ifa&mufzl;arQmfygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; OD;a&TarmifMuD;ukd nDvmcHobifjyKvkyfaeqJjzpí jrifawmfrlaomfvnf; rar;ao;bJ nDvmcHqufvufusif;y jyKvkyfygonf/ oDwif;ywftwGif; nDvmcHaemufqkH;&ufjzpfonf.twGuf tbdwfae.nDvmcHukd Xmeqkdif&m 0efMuD; 0efav; twGif;0efponfjzif. pkHnDpGm wufa&mufMu&ayonf/ woDwif;ywftwGif; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; wifjy nkdEIdif;csufrsm; awmif;cHjznf.pGufcsufrsm;ukd jyKvkyfMu&ygonf/ eHeufnDvmcHrS wifjyvmaom tcsuftvufrsm; jyÍ³emrsm;ukd ae.nDvmcHwGifqkH;jzwfMu&ayrnf ae.nDvmcHwGif rjyD;jywfygu nnDvmcHwGif qufvufvkyfaqmif&&kd;xkH;pH&Sdygonf/ rif;wkH;rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vufxufwGif oDwif;ae.wkdif; nDvmcH&onfrkd. tbdwfae.nDvmcHrsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzif. ta&;wMuD; vkyfaqmif&rnf. udpörsm;yg0ifav. &Sdygonf? nDvmcHpJonfESif. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; ODD;a&TarmifMuD;ukd ar;jref;&m yef;ckHawmftkwfwkdufrS orm;awmf OD;cJtm; tapmif.xm;cJ.avaMumif; wifavQmufonfí ¼ rif;w&m;MuD;vnf; yef;ckHawmftkwfwkdufokd. MuGjref;awmfrlygavonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; MuGjref;&mokd. OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; tvkdufodpGmESif. Aemufyg;rS cpm;awmfrrlbJ ae&pfcJ.ayonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; yef;ckHawmftkwfwkdufokd. MuGjref;vmcsdef orm;awmfMuD;vnf; qD;MudKawmfrljyD; ]trdef.awmfjrwfaMumif. tcpm;awmfa&muf&Sdawmf rlaMumif;yg rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;} ]tdrf; ac:awmf&Sdvkduf&jcif;rSmvnf; igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;ukd,fwkdif i,fusGef&if;orm;awmfMuD; icJtm; ,kHMunfpdwfxm;ojzif. tm;udk;awmfrl&aomaMumif.aybJ} ]rSefvSyg usGefawmfrsKD;MuD;rSm rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trIawmfukd opö&SdpGmESif. xrf;&GufcJ.oljzpfygonf bk&m;? usGefawmfrsKd;MuD; toufpnf;pdrfESif. tdk;tdrfwkd.onfyif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;twGuf pGef.vTwf&ef toif.&Sdygonfbk&m;} ]onfvkdt&;tcif;aMumif.r[kwfaybl; orm;awmfMuD;icJ&J.? igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;rSm icJynmpGrf;jzif. tultnD&,lvkdaom taMumif;csif;&m&Sdí qif.ac:jcif; jzpf&ayonf orm;awmfMuD;&J.] ]tvkd&dS&mukd rdef.awmfrlyg rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;? usGefawmfrsKd;taejzif. jyKvkyfíjzpfonfudpörSeforQ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;twGuf xdefcsefxm;csuf &Sdrnfr[kwfaMumif; toufay;wifavQmuf 0ef.aMumif;ygbk&m;}


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]onfvkd icJ&J. ig.nDawmf uaemif tdrfa&S.pHtaMumif; igaumif;aumif;odonfy? ajccg;u tp tlrtxdqkdovkd igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD; odawmfrlo,fvkd. xifrSwf,kHMunfaewJ. nDnDtdrfa&S.pH taMumif;ukd igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;,refae.nu qef;jym;onf. ajymif;vTJrIrsm;ukd odcJ.&onfy} ]trdef.&Sdawmfrlygbk&m; xkdqef;jym;onf.ajymif;vTJrIrsm;onf tokd.aomtcsif;t&mrsm; jzpfygonfbk&m;} ]jynfMuD;aysmfbG,ft&yfrS rdpyfMuD; qkdvQif orm;awmfMuD; icJ odrnfxifayoAs? r,frif;qD a&mufcJ.avawm.rS ajymif;vJrItaMumif; igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;Mum;&ayawm.onf icJ&J.} ]xkdtajymif;tvTJrsm;ukd rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tm;Muawmfrlw,fvkd. rdef.qkdawmfrlvkdygonfbk&m;} ]b,fES,f tm;rusbJaeygrnfvJ icJ&,f? onfvkdjzpfap&atmif icJbJaqmif&Guf ay;awmfrlw,f rSwfo[J. } ]rSefvSyg usGefawmfrsKd;MuD;yif aq;awmf pD&ifay;awmfrl&ygonf bk&m;} ]tdrf; onfvkd aq;awmfrsKd; wvuf igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;twGuf pD&ifyD;quf&r,fAsm? jrefjrefpD&ifjyD; qufoayawm.} ]onfaq;awmf qufoa&;twGuf vG,fra&mifESif. cufcJ&wwfygonfbk&m;? tcsdefawmf tenf;qkH; (6)v Mumygrnf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; (6)vESif. ratmifjrifygvQif wESpftxd Mum&Sdwwfygonfbk&m;} ]nDnDtwGuf qufo onf.aq;awmfwkef;u b,favmufMumovJ icJ&J. onfavmufawmif Mumavonfvm;} ]rSefvSyg uaemif udk,fawmfMuD; twGufaq;awmfpD&ifcsdefrSm tcgawmfoif.vSonfjzpí 6v ESif. atmifjrifygonfbk&m;} ]onfxufjrefatmifMuHpnfí rjzpfayblvm; icJ&J. aiGeJ. a&TeJ.pufjyD; tokH;jyKpD&ifvkd.aum r&aybl;vm; icJ&J.} ]Opömypönf;rsm;ESif. pufí tvJtvS,fjyKr&EkdifaMumif;yg rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tcgawmfoif.ygrSom 6v ESif. &EkdifaMumif;ygbk&m;} o[mjzif.&Sdapaawm.Asm; aq;awmfpD&ifbkd. b@mwkdufawmfrS tvkd&SdorQorm;awmfMuD; xkwf,lokH;pGJcGif. &SdapAsm;} ]aq;bkd;0g;c ukefus&efaMumif;r&Sdyg rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;? usGefawmfrsKd;MuD;ukd rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tvkdawmfrlaom t&G,fawmfukdom trdef.awmfrlygbk&m;} ]tvkd-w,fyD; xl;jcm;vSyguvm;[&dk.? igukd,fawmfjrwf tvkd&Sd&m t&G,ftpm;jzpfatmif eifpD&ifay;Ekdifw,f[kwfp} ]rSefvSyg jyKvkyfay;EkdifaMumif;ygbk&m; cE¨aA'usrf;eJ. aboZÆ aq;usrf;tvkdt& t&G,fawmufukd &Sdoif.onfxuf ykdrkdygvQifvnf; ab;ruif;wwfyg? touftEÅ&,fyif pkd;&drf&ygonfbk&m; -a&mufoif.onf. ae&mxufvJ ykdíra&mufEkdifyg? jrif;Zuf EGm;vuf vlcsuf [k aq;ynm


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tvkdt& xkdae&mrsm;xufykdí ra&muf&SdEkdifyg? vkdonfxuf ykdrkdjyKvkyfygu xkdolukd aoaq;auGs;onfESif. rjcm;bJ tm&kHaMumrsm;jywfí toufaoqkH;&rnftrSefyg rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;} ]o[mjzif. ig.nDawmfuaemif tdrfa&S.pH b,fvkdjyKrlovJ ol.&J. vkyfenf;vkyf[efod&rS ykdrkdaumif;rnf xifyg.icJ&} ]aq;awmfpD&if&rnf.ol\ t&yftarmif;ESif.vkdufíjyKvkyfvQif toif.avsmfqkH;ygbk&m;? t&yf&Snfol &Snfoif.ayonf? t&yfykolrSmvnf; ol.txGmESif.olom aumif;ygonfbk&m;? uaemif tdrfa&S.pH ukd,fawmfMuD;rSm ol.txGmESif. vufESpfopftpGef;xGuf twkdif;twm ay;ygonfbk&m;} ]onfvkdqkdvQifoif.jrwfvSayonf? orm;awmfMuD;a&. igukd,fawmfjrwftwkdif; twmukdvnf; ,ckyif ay;&rnfvm;} ]oif.jrwfvSygonfbk&m;? onfykykduf ay:a&;om;ay;awmfrlyg? tvsm;ESif. vkH;ygwfukd rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tESpfoufqkH;ESif. ab;tuif;qkH; t&G,fawmf jzpfapygvQif uGsefawmfrsKd;MuD;aqmvsifpGm aq;awmfjyKpkygrnfbk&m;} rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; orm;awmfMuD;icJ qufoaom yk&ykdufESif. uef.ulqHukdifum pOf;pm;&if; a&;vkdufzsufvkdufESif. okH;av;MudrfrQavmuf jyKvkyfjyD;onf. aemufrS yk&ykdufukd orm;awmfMuD;vufokd. ay;tyfvkduf&if; ... ]onfaq;awmfukd atmifjrif acsmarmpGmESif. qufoEkdifvQif icJtwGuf qkawmf vmbfawmfrsm; ay;oem;awmfrlrAsm;} rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; rdef.awmfrl&if; ae&mrSxawmf rlojzif. orm;awmfMuD;icJvnf; ajcawmfOD;ckduf&if; ..... ]usGefawmfrsKd;MuD; MudK;pm;í aq;awmfukd tjrefjyD;ajrmuf atmifjrifap&efpD&ifí qufoygrnfrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;} yef;ckHawmfrS xGufawmfrlaom rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tm; wifavQmufvdkufygonf/ (2) wckaom eHeufcif;ykdif;wGif bD;&kd;vSnf; wpD;onf a&Teef;awmf jrdK.&dk;twGif;&Sd yif;wvJpm; OD;a&TarmifMuD;tdrfawmf0if;twGif; 0ifa&mufvmavonf/ eHeufpm pm;&efjyKaeaom yif;wvJpm;MuD;onf rpm;ao;bJ bD&kdvSnf;qDokd. Munf.aerdygonf/ xkdokd.Munf.aeqJ bD&kdvSnf;twGif;rS pOf.bl;i,fwckukd ykdufvsuf qif;vmaom orm;awmfOD;cJukd jrif&onf.twGuf 0rf;om tJ.vJ c&D;OD;MudKjyKonf. taeESif. OD;cJ&Sd&mokd. qif;oGm; ygavonf/ ]apmvScsnfvm; oli,fcsif;&m? b,fukdoGm;rnf.&nf&G,fcsufjzif. vmayoenf; qkdprf;yg.} ]wjcm;oGm;p&m r&dSygbl; iarmif&m? rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;xHoGm;bkd.bJ? o[m.ayrif. jrdK.0ifwHcg;rSm tdyfzefawmfom; wa,mufESif.awG.&í pkHprf;Munf.vkdufawm. eiftdrfjyeftdyfonf[k od&í 0ifvmcJ.csif;ayayg. iarmif&m}


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]onfvkdqkd&ifvJ rif;w&m;MuD;xHyg; tcpm;0if&if usKyfygtwl vkdufapcsifwJ. oabmESif. tc:vmonfxifyg.} ]twlvkdufvkdvJ twloGm;Mubkd.y? ae&pfcsifao;&ifvJ oli,fcsif;oabmaybJ? ig.taeeJ.uawm. eHeufpm yGJawmfrwnfrD aq;awmfqufo&rnf iarmifMuD;&} ]tvkd - tb,fokd.aoma&m*gaMumif. aq;awmfquf&rnfvJ icJ&J.? rae.uyif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;xH igtdrfjyefcGif. awmif;avawm. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;uyif ocJaq;awmf tpm;rsm;oGm;avovm; iarmifMuD;&J.vkd. Munf.pm;awmfrlao;o[} ] '‘gvkdr[kwfaybl;? eifwu,frodorkd. ar;onfvm; iarmifMuD;} ]rod&kd;trSefygicJ&m rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;ta&; udpöESif. yufoufjyD; b,fwkef;ursm;eif.ukd igoa&mfajymifbl;onfvJ icJ&J.} ]o[mjzif.eif.ar.vkd.omjzpff&rnfy? ig,ckqufo&rnf. aq;awmfonf xGm;aq;MuD;y} ]ig.tjypfy oli,fcsif;&? igwu,f ar.aerdygo[ icJ&? onftaMumif;ukd rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; rodygapESif.} ]at;y-iarmifMuD;& onf[mvJ ig.wkd.eifwkd. udk,fa&;rSr[kwfrlbJ trSwf&csif;rS&ayrayg.? igukd,fwkdifuvJ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;twGuf wm0efay;tyf cef.xm;onf. wynf.wyef;u tcsdef.ap. a&mufaMumif;ajymMum;avrS aq;awmfpD&if&onf? iarmifMuD;&? ESpf&Snfvrsm; Mumawm.vJ wm0efvpf[if;&onf.twGuf r[kwfayrif. udpörsm;ajrmifvlwkd.abmiftwGif; &kef;uefvIyf&Sm;&oolrsm; tzkd. ar.avsm.ayrnfy} obm0MuvSaom icJpum;aMumif. OD;a&TarmifMuD;crsmvnf; jyHK;&,fvmEkdifcg ]ig.wkd.rif;wkd.wawG[m rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;\ vufqGJawmf MuD;rsm;jzpfMuaomfvnf; t&m&mwkdif;rSm rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; twGuf tvkdawmf&SdonfjzpfcsifrS jzpfayrnf qkdaom todaMumif. xrf;&Gufoif.aom wm0efxuf ykdrkdrxrf;&Gufrdbkd. owd&Sd&onfrkd. ar;oif.onf. udpörsm;ar.&onfy icJ&} ][kwfvkdufav oli,fcsif;&,f 'grSom opöm&Sdonf/ i,fusGefawmf yDoayrnfy-o[maMumif. igvnf;tvkdawmf&SdrSom ay;tyfonf.wm0efukd OD;vnfrokefxrf;&Gufay;onfy- rif;vkdvkduf rif;MudKufaqmif&Guf oolrsm;onf rif;rIxrf;aumif; rqkdoif.aMumif; ig.trdtbwkd. oifMum;cH.jcif;vnf; &SdcJ.onf iarmif&J.} oli,fcsif;eSpfa,mufvnf; pdwf0rf;MunfEl;jcif; tjynf.jzif. wOD;ESif. wOD;buf vSnf.wuifjyKcg eHeufpm twlwuG xkdifípm;aomufMuygonf/ (xkdrSefuefaom pdwfxm; (az:vHzm;uif;onf) rif;ajrSmifpkd;uyf pdwf"gwfr&Sdonf. twGuf rif;wkef;rif;w&m;MuD; b0ewfxH jyefvGefawmf rljyD;onf.aemuf OD;a&TarmifMuD; uGufrsufjcif;cH&onf.wkdifatmif oDabmrif;ESif. pkbk&m;vwfwkd. qufvufajrSmufpm;jcif;ukd cHcJ.&ayonf/ oli,fcsif; ESpfa,mufvnf; vufa&wjyifpD; pm;aomufMujyD;aemuf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;xH cpm;&ef xGufcGmoGm;awmfrlMuygavonf/


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rif;w&m;MuD;xHawmftyg; cpm;a&muf&SdonfwGif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; uyif ]iarmifMuD;eJ. orm;awmfMuD; icJwkd.yguvm; tvkdpOf.bl;MuD;eJ. bmawGrsm;ayvJ} ]rSefvSyg rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tpD&ifckdif;onf. aq;awmfygbk&m;? atmifjrifjyD;pD;ygojzif. ay;qufawmfrl&ef vma&mufcJ.&jcif;ygbk&m;} ]igukd,fawmfjrwftwGuf aq;awmf&aMumif;Mum;od&aomaMumif. 0rf;ajrmufawmufrlayoAs} ] aq;awmfpD&if&mwGifvnf; wMudrfwcgwnf;jzif. atmifjrifawmfrlí bk&m; usGefawmfrsKd;MuD;vnf; 0rf;ajrmufawmfrlygonf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;} ]onf aq;awmfukd rnfuJ.okd. rSD0J&rnfukd wifavQmufprf;bd icJ&? b,ftcsdef aomufokH; &rnfvJ- igukd,fawmfwkdif ajrSmfvif.xm;onfrSm tawmfMumayjyD r[kwfvm;} ]usGefawmfrsKd;MuD; ay;qufawmfrlaom aq;tnGef;twkdif;om okH;aqmifawmfrlyg rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;} xkdaq;enf;rSm ,ckwkdifatmif pma&;olvuf0,f&Sdygao;onf? xkwfaz:&ef oif.roif. pOf;pm; csdefq&ef vkdtyfonf[k xifjrifrdojzif. pm;okH;ykHESif. aq;az:fykHukd tcdkuftwef.tm;jzif. vsKd.0Sufxm;ygao;onf/ ]aq;awmfaomufokH;awmfrljyD;onf.aemuf tusKd;taMumif;b,fawm.rS od&rnfvJ icJ&} ] rSefvSyg/ aq;awmfudk tnTef;twdkif; oHk;pGJawmfrlNyD;onfhaemuf oHk;&ufaNrmufaom tcsdefumvrS pí wefcdk;awmfNyygvdrfhrnf/ þaq;awmfonf csdefqNyKNyifpD&ifxm;onfaBumifh ab;tEÅ&m,f Nzpfp&m taBumif; r&Sdyg rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ... / } ] eifh aq;awmftwGuf vuf0wfawmf ywÅNrm;vufpGyfwuGif;? a&Tpifwq,f ( ydóm ) ESifh aiGcsdefw&m ay;oem;awmfrlw,fAsm; .../ igudk,fawmfNrwf pdwfwdkif;us wu,fNzpfvmNyDqdk&if xyfrH aNrSmufpm;awmfrlrAsm; ... / } ] 0rf;aNrmufvSaBumif;ygbk&m; .../ uRefawmfrsdK;BuD; wwfuRrf;aom ynmNzifh rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;twGuf ylaZmfNcif; NzpfygoNzifh qkawmfvmbfawmfrsm;udk raNrSmfvifhaBumif;yg rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; .... / } b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; orm;awmf OD;cJ wifavQmufcsufudk NyHK;í em;qifawmfrl&if; OD;a&TarmifBuD;bufodkYvSnfhí trdefYawmf rSwfawmfrlygavonf/ ] [Jh ... iarmifBuD; ... igay;oem;awmfrlwJh a&Tawmf aiGawmfrsm;udk b@mwdkufrS xkwf,lNyD; orm;awmf icJtdrfta&muf ydkYay;awmfrlapAsm; ... } rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; rsufESmawmfvTJawmfrloGm;oNzifh OD;a&TarmifBuD;ESifh orm;awmfBuD; OD;cJwdkYvnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; OD;cdkufvsufxGufcGmawmfrlcJhBuygonf/ (3) rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf eHeufnDvmcH usif;yNyKvkyf&m nDvmcH cef;raqmifrS ta&SYbuf&Sd yxr aZw0efaqmifawmfxJwGif rdzk&m;BuD;rsm;? taNcGt&H oif;yif;rsm;ESifh pum;aNymaeocdkuf OD;a&TarmifBuD; qdkufa&mufoGm;ygonf/ &Srf;apmfbGm;ESifhwlol wOD;ESifh &Srf;ri,f


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acsmacsmwa,muf? &Srf;trSKxrf; wcsdKU yg&Sdaom {nfhonfawmf tzGJYwzGJYvnf; cpm;vsuf &SdaeygoNzifh OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk wdwfqdwfpGmESifh cpm;aeygonf/ rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; {nfhonfawmfrsm;bufvSnfh&if; ..... ] odEéDapmfbGm;BuD; &yf&Gme,fy,f at;csrf;om,monfrsm;Bum;&onfhtwGuf udk,fawmfNrwfBuD; pdwf0,fBunfEl;Ncif; NzpfrdayonfAsm; ... / } ] uarÁmZ &Srf;NynfwvTm;&Sd apmfbGm; tm;vHk;wdkY\ opömawmfcH,lxm;&Sdaom b0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;\ aeNynfawmfonf vufeufvloltiftm; awmifhwif;vSonfhtwGuf e,f&Sif? y,f&Sifrsm;udkyg vdkvm; av;pm;vm&Ncif; Nzpf&ygonf/ xdkonftwGuf rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; bkef;&dyf uH&dyf cdkvSHKBu&olrsm; e,fy,frsm; at;csrf;&Ncif; NzpfaBumif;ygbk&m; ... / } ] oifhNrwfvSayw,f .../ apmfbGm;BuD;udkvnf; bGJUwHqdyfawmfrsm; tyfESif;NyD; qkawmfvmbfawmfrsm; ay;oem;awmfrl&r,fAs ... / } apmfbGm;BuD;udk rdefYawmfrlNyD;onfESifh wqufwnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf OD;a&TarmifBuD;bufodkY vSnfhvsuf ..... ] iarmifBuD; em;awmfcH rif;xifausmfacgifudk qifhqdkí aeYnDvmcHobifwGif odEéDapmfbGm;BuD;ESifh orm;awmfBuD; icJudk bGJYwHqdyfemrawmfrsm; cwfESdyf csD;NrSifh olaumif;NyKí qkawmfvmbfawmfrsm; ay;oem;&rnfudk tpDtpOfNyKyg .../ orm;awmf icJxHvnf; iarmifBuD;yif tcsdefrSD Nrif;vsifvTwfí taBumif;Bum;ygbd .... / } ] Asm'dwfawmfNrwf twkdif;yg bk&m; ... } [k OD;a&TarmifBuD;vnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;tm; OD;cdkufvsuf bGJUtyfESif;a&;udk pDpOfaqmif&GufzdkY a&SUawmfrS xGufvmcJhygonf/ OD;a&TarmifBuD;taeNzifh oli,fcsif; a&mif;&if; icJ bGJUwHqdyfawmf xyfrH csD;NrSifhcH&onfhtwGuf 0rf;aNrmuf0rf;om Nzpfae&ygonf/

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tausG;tarG;rsm;vnf; pkHvifvSygavonf/ tom;uif trsKd;rsKd; taMumf-tuif-tavSmf-tjyKwf-tygif; ponf. csufjyKwfenf; rsKd;pkHESif. tom;pkHwkd.ukd woD;wjcm;pD a'gif;vef;MuD;rsm;jzif. tjynf.tarmuf xnf.xm;ygonf/ aomufp&m ,rum rsm;wGifvnf; oabFmt&uf? csuft&uf? xef;&nf? ay&nf? uaZmf ponfwkd.ukd bl;rsm;? ykvif;rsm;? 0g;usnfrsm;jzif. tvkd&Sdovkd aomufokH;Ekdif&ef jyifqifxm;ygonf/ ESD;zvm;rsm;jzif.cyfí tvkd&Sdovkd tqifoif. aomufokH; Ekdif&ef {nf;cef;a'gif.wkdif;&Sd pifrsm;ay:wGif wifxm;ygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; qif0ifrS xGufvsuf tjidrf.yGJukd Munf.&if; pdwfvGwfukd,fvGwfESif. aomufpm;aysmfyg;aeygonf/ a&Tjynf0efMuD;vnf; OD;a&TarmifMuD;ukd Munf.vsuf uaemiftdrf.a&S.pH ukd,fawmfMuD;tm; eHeufcifykdif;rS ppfbk&ifxkG;yGJ tMumif; avQmufxm; ajymMum;aeygonf/ orm;awmf OD;cJvnf; ab;rS xkdif&if; wdwfqdwfpGm em;axmifaeygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;\ rxdwxdESif. usDp,fcsufukd rcHr&yf Ekdifaom ukdif;wmrif;MuD; OD;zkd ppfwk&if ckefukd acsaxmufuefausmufypfykH ajymjy&m uaemif tdrfa&S. ukd,fawmfMuD;rSm vufckyfvuf0g; wD;cwfawmf rl&if; w[m;[m;ESif. &,farmawmfrlavonf/ rif;MuD; OD;aumif;vnf; OD;a&TarmifMuD; xGufcGm oGm;jyD;aemufrS wkdif;wm rif;ukd qufvuf,kdxkd;ykHawGukdvnf; tao;pdyf wifavsmufaeygao;onf/ uaemif tdrfa&S.pH ukd,fawmfMuD;onf aysmf&Tif&TwfaemufwwfolyDyD aysmf&Tif&TwfaemufykH pum;Mum;&vQif tm;&awmfrlav.&Sdygonf/ OD;zdk;ukd omomESif. tEkdifpum; ppfxkdk;Ekdifol OD;a&TarmifMuD;tm; ac:awmfrlí ...... ]iarmifMuD; aemufwcg wkdif;wmrif;MuD; OD;zkd;ESif. eifwkd. ppfwk&xkd;Mur,fvkd. csdef;qkd&if igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;ukdvJ aMumif;Mum; avQmufwifyg.? igukd,fawmfwkdif vma&muf &Ipm;awmfrlrAsm;} ]rSefvSyg tckduftwef.rSmawm. usGefawmfrsKd;MuD;eJ. ppfwk&ifxkd;bkd. OD;zkd;trSef jiif;qkdygvdrf.rnfbk&m;? wvukd;oDwif;avmuf&SdygvQif ol pdwfajyacsmwJ.tcgMurS usGefawmfrsKd;MuD; csdef;qkdvkd. &ygvdrf.rnfbk&m;} ]tdrf; ... oleJ. iarmifMuDlwkd. ppfwk&ifxkd;wm Munf.vkd.aumif;ovkd pum;ppfxkd;wmvJ em;axmifvkd. aumif;wJ.taMumif; rMum rMum ajymbl;onfy} ]usGefawmfrsKd;MuD;u ol.ukd r&dvQif olu usGefawmfrsKd;MuD;ukd usDp,fav. &Sdygonfbk&m;? pdwfqkd;atmif usDpm;rdjyef&ifvJ wvukd;oDwif;awm. pdwfaumuf&kd; xkH;pHvkd jzpfaeygonfbk&m;} ]vlMuD;qkdawm. olwkd.u ae&mwum tEkdif,l vdkwJ. oabmy iarmif&m? ,kwfrmwJ. pdwfxm;awm. &SdykH r&ygbl;} ]uaemifukd,fawmfMuD; rdef.awmfrlonf. twkdif;ygbk&m;? usGefawmfrsKd;MuD;uvJ tjrJwrf; tEkdif,laeygu aemifupm;bkd. ac:r&rnf pkd;í ta&Sm.ay;&onfrsm;udk olrodawmfrlbJ *kPfa&mufav.&Sdygonfbk&m;} pum;wajymajymESif. aomufMupm;Mu&m oufMuD;acgif;csdef a&mufonfwGif tdrf&SifOD;cJESif. a&Tjynf0efMuD;ESpfyg;om t&ufraomuf wwfMuí usefvltm;vkH; wkH;vkH; yufvufESif. vJaeMuygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;ESif. uaemif ukd,fawmfMuD;wkd.rSm wOD;ESif.wOD; zufvsuf qif0ifxufwGif vJaeMuygavonf/ a&Tjynf0efMuD;u OD;cJtm; uaemifukd,fawmfMuD;ukd b,fvkdjyefykd.&rnfukd ar;prf;aeygonf/ OD;cJu ta&;rMuD;aMumif;/ ol.tdrfwGif odyfxm;vQif


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jzpfEkdifaMumif;/ uaemifukd,fawmfMuD;rSm ol.tdrfwGif rMumrMumvma&muf aomufpm;wwf? tdyfpufawmf rlwwfaMumif; ajymjyrS a&Tjynf0efMuD;vnf; acgif;wndrf.ndrf.ESif. auseyfoGm;ygonf/ tjidrf.yGJrSm orm;awmfOD;cJ csD;jrSif.xm;awmfaom qkawmfvmbfawmfrsm;aMumif. tpGrf;ukefujy tokH;awmfcHaeonf? y&dowfrSmvnf; MobmoHrpJbJ atmf[pftm;ay;aeMuygonf/ eHeufvif;vQif OD;a&TarmifMuD;rSm t&ufESmusaeao;ojzif. acgif;rxlEkdifao;yg xkd.aMumif. OD;cJ\ bD&kdvSnf;jzif. eef;jrdK.wGif;rS ol.tdrf.okd.jyefygavonf? tdrfa&mufjyD; a&rkd;csKd;um jyeftdyfygavonf? ESpfESpfjcdKufjcdKuf tdyfaysmfaeaom OD;a&TarmifMuD;tm; ol\trSmpum;t& i,fusGefvufqGJ iAkdufvma&mufí r&J w&J EId;ygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; iAkdufjyJ EId;vmvQif vmcsif; tdyfcsifaompdwfrsm;ukd rsKdodyfcg 0wÅ&m;rysuf nDvmcHwuf&ef jyifqif&ayrnf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;tdyf&mrS xcsdefonf aerGef;wnf.vI. eD;tcsdefjzpfygonf/ wHyljzif. oGm;rsm;ukd wkdufí rsufESmopfjyD; t0wftpm;vJvS,faepOf xrif;tjyifckdif;um wufokwf&kdufpm;ygawm.onf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD; eef;awmftwGif;a&muí ae.nDvmcHtcsdef tenf;i,fvkdao;í rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; pHaeawmfrl&m abmif;awmfaqmifwGif tcpm;0ifygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; tcpm;0ifvmaom OD;a&TarmifMuD;tm;/ ]iarmifMuD; igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;tm; odEDéapmfbGm;qufoawmfrlonf. ESrawmfav;ukd a&Teef;awmftwGif;rSm&Sdonf. ajrmufO,smOfawmf Akwfwvkwfa&uef ponfwkd.ukd vkdufvHjyo&rnf ae.nDvmcHpJcsdefwGif awmifO,smOfawmfa&Munf.eef;aqmifawmfrS igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;tm; apmif.pm;zl;ajrSmf ap&rnfukd iarmifMuD; tpDtpOfjyKí vkdufvHjyo&rnfAsm;} ]rSefvSyg b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; usGefawmfrsKd;MuD; toQif.rdzk&m;av;tm; rnfonf. rdzk&m;MuD;xHrS ac:awmfrl&rnfukd trdef.awmf&Sdawmfrlygrnf.taMumif; wifavQmufygonfbk&m;} ][kwfayoAs tv,feef;rawmf qifjzLr&Sifrdzk&m;MuD; txHawmfwGif a&Teef;awmfMuD; xkH;wrf; pOfvmwwfodp&mrsm;ukd oifMum;qkH;ray;&ef tyfESHxm;onfy iarmifMuD;tm; igtrdef.awmfrSwfí jyo&rnfukd wifavQmufcg tacsm.awmf tcsDawmf ESpfyg;xnf.ay;&rnfukdvnf; ajymy? iarmifMuD;uvnf; a&uefawmf O,smOfawmfrsm; taMumif; ESrawmfav;ukd &Sif;vif;wifavQmufMum;&rnf} ]Asm'dwfawmfjrwf twkdif;ygbk&m;} OD;a&TarmifMuD; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdef.awmftwkdif; aqmif&Guf&ef qifjzLr&Sif rdzk&m;MuD;bk&m;\ tv,feef;raqmifokd. vSrf;MuGygavonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdef.awmf&Sdvkdufonf.twkdif; tv,feef;rawmf qifjzLr&Sifrdzk&m;MuD;ukd wifavQmufonfwGif tcsDawmf tacsm.awmf ESpfa,mufESif.twl OD;a&TarmifMuD;aemufokd. rif;orD;av;ukd xnf.vkdufygavonf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; ajrmufO,smOfawmf twGif;okd. vkdufvHjyo&if; om;awmf orD;awmfrsm; upm;&m*lrsm; vkdPfrsm;ygrusef ydk.aqmifjyoygonf/ wckpDvJ &Sif;vif;avQmufxm;í &Ipm;apygonf/ ajrmufO,smOfawmftwGif pkHap.atmif jyjyD;onf.aemuf awmifO,smOfawmf twGif;okd. ac:aqmifoGm;ygonf/ ae.nDvmcH pJcsdefwGif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tm; awmifO,smOfawmftwGif; zl;ajrmf&ef trdef.awmf yg&SdvmaMumif; rif;orD;av;tm; wifavQmufygonf/ awmifO,smOfawmf twGif;rl ausmuf*l vkdPfacgif;rsm; ta&mufwGif rif;orD;av; a&Tpdwfawmf MunfEl;í oDcsif;yif &Srf;oH0J0Jav;jzif. oDqkdygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; oDcsif;oHMum;&pOf


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rodrom jyKH;rdygonf/ a*g&D t&G,f a&muf&kHrQjzif. rdzk&m;jzpfvmí uav;pdwf rukefao;aomtjzpfukd OD;a&TarmifMuD; em;vnfoGm;ygonf/ tacsm.awmfESif. txdrf;awmf rrrsm;ukdyif oDcsif;qkd&ef rdef.awmfrlaeygao;onf/ awmifO,smOftwGif;&Sd a&Munf.pHeef;awmfay : okd. rif;orD;av;tm; ykd.aqmifay;jyD;aemuf OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; rvSrf;rurf;rS cpm;aeygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; ra&mufawmf rlvmao;onfESif. a&MunfpHeef;awmfav; wbuftpGef; tDwmvsH ausmufjzLom;wkd.ESif. jyD;pD;onf. ovGefawmfay:wGif rif;orD;av; pHawmfrl&if; a&Tig; aiGig; av;rsm;ukd &Ipm;awmfrlaeygonf/ y'kr®m MumzufMuD;rsm;ay : okd. wufcsnfqif;csnfESif. a&xJwGif jrL;xl;aysmufyg;aeonf. zm;uav;rsm;ukdvnf; awG.jrif&í rif;orD;uav;onf &TifjrL;aeygonf/ tcsDawmfMuD;rsm;qufoaom a&Tzvm;MuD;twGif;rS ig;rsm;ukd Ekduf,lypfcwf ausG;arG;um taysmfMuD;aysmfaeygonf/ aea&mifcsnftiftm;aMumif. yGif.um; a0qmvmaom y'kr®mMumjzL yGif.MuD;rsm;rSmvnf; tarT;&eHHukd xkHoif;apygonf/ nif;avoGJ.ojzif. wEGJ.EGJ. w,kdif,kdif tdum vIyf&Sm;aeaom yGif.Mumcsyf wkd.ukd a&pkd w0ufrqkdESif. jzef;yufaeouJokd. &Sdaeonfukd jrif&oltm; vIyf&Sm;apygonf? toJ,m;apygonf/ a&Munf.pHeef;awmfwckdwGif tvQKdvQKdESif. Mum0wfrIH t&nftaoG;ukd aomufokH;vkdí ysH0Jaeaom vdyfjympkHwGJ ydwkef;armifESHpkHwkd.onfvnf; zkd - r oHay;aeoa,mif armifESHpkH ,SOfwGJí aysmfyGJMuD;cHaeonfwkd.ukd jrifae&aom rdzk&m;av;pdwfawmfwGif cHpm;rI&Sdaejyefygonf/ rMum rwifaom umvwGif olr\ umrykdifvifom;jzpfaom rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; MuGvmawmfrlrnfudk awG;rdaom rif;orD;av;\pdwfwGif rvIyf&Sm;pbl;aom pdwf vIyf&Sm;jcif;rsKd; rsm; jzpfay:vm&jyefygonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;ESif. aemufawmfyg vlysKdawmfom; rif;ca,musmf;rsm;yg tcrf;tem;jzif. MuGcsDawmfrl vmonfukd a&Munf.eef;awmftpGef;rS ig;pmqufoaeaom tcDstacsm.awmfMuD;rsm; jrifawmf rlí rif;orD;av;ukd wifavQmufMu&m rif;orD;uav;rSm &SufpEkd; trlt&mjzif. xkdif&rvkd x&rvkd &SdaeonfaMumif. a&Munf.pHeef;t0rS MudKqkd&ef tMuHawmf ay;qufMuonfaMumif. rif;orD;av;onf MudKqkd&ef &Suf&SufESif. eef;0okd.xGufvsufaeygonf vuftkyfcsD&if; acgif;ikH.pif;&if;jzif. MudKqkdae&Smonfukd jrif&aom txdef;awmf tacsm.awmfMuD;rsm;yif oem;ovkd &SdaeMuygonf/ ]ukdif; armifrif;rsm; igukd,fawmfjrwf rdrdxHyg;a&mufvkd. vmacsjyD? txdef;awmf tacsm.awmfMuD;rsm; ESif. a&MunfpHeef;awmf t0rSyif MudKqkdaeayjyD? armifrif;wkd. oif.awmf&mae&mrS cpm;Muaya&m.} rif;w&m;MuD; bk&m;vnf; aemufawmfygrsm;ukd tem;wGif rcpm;apvkdaom qE´jzif. ESifvTwfaeonfukd OD;a&TarmifMuD;ESif. tysKdawmfMuD;rsm;yg tvkdufodpGm ajcawmfOD;ckduf&if; a&Smif&Sm;ay;Mu&ef xGufcGmcJ.Muygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; xGufcGmoGm;aom OD;a&TarmifMuD;ESif. txdef;awmf vSrf;vif.í Munf.awmfrl&if; onfvkdrS oif.ayrnf[k pdwfawmfwGif;rS atmufar.&if;jyHK;aeygonf? a&Munfeef;awmf0ifvQif iHvif.MudKqkdae&Smaom rif;orD;av; vufawmfqGJ&if; ]armifMuD; bk&m;ukd apmif.ae&onfrSm MumyDvm;rdrdiJ.? &yfawmfrlí anmif;awmfrlvma&m.r,fayg.} [k ac:&if; ausmufom;ovGefay : ajymif;a&G. pHaeawmfrlygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; rif;orD;av; &SufpEkd; jzpfaeonfrSef; &dyfpm;rdonf.twGuf t&SufawmfrS ajyapvkdaom oabmjzif. twl,SOfwGJpHaeaom rif;orD;av;ukd a&TvufawmfqGJvsuf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; &ifcGifwGif0ifí txdkifckdif;ygavonf/


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rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; rif;orD;av; a&Tpdwfawmfajymif;vTJí twif.&Jvmap&ef &nfoefvsuf? ]aysmfawmfrlyg&J.vm; rdrdiJ. tvkd&Sd&mrSeforQ onfEIwfawmfu jrGuf[vkdufygu jrefrMum vdkwm&aprnfy} rdef.oHcsKdcsKdjzif. pwifrdef.qkdawmf rlvkdufaomfvnf; wdwfqdwfjrJ wdwfqdwfvsufyif/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; xl;jcm;aomtqif;o@mefMueftifvu©Pmwkdjzif. jynf.pkHaom rif;orD;av;ukd &Ipm;&if; MuifemqyGm; oem;cspfcifawmfrlvmrdygonf? Eknuf0if;0gaom rif;orD;av; vnf*kwfawmfav;rS wGJ& &TJMuvsuf&Sdaom arT;nif; EkEkpdrf;uav;wkd.onf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; oufjyif;rIwfxkwfvkdufwkdif; av0,fvGif.yg;vIyf&Sm;aeygonf/ Muufoa&taygif;wkd.\ocif jrwfEkd;csif;wkd.\ taygif;t&Sifjzpfavrnfvm;[kyif oHo,pdwf"gwf0ifa&mufvmatmifyif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; a&Tpdwfawmfwkd.ukd vIyf&Sm;vmapygonf? rif;orD;av;\ rsufESmawmfukd ta0;rSom &Ipm;jrifcJ.bl;vsuf ,ckrSm teD;uyf&Ipm;jrif awG.rdyg&onfwGif ajcmufq,fausmfaom rdzk&m;MuD;taygif;wkd.ukdyif ar.csifvmygawm.onf/ &Suf&GHawmfrlcsif;twGuf rsufESmawmftikHom;ESif. MuKHMuKHuav;ae&Smaom rif;orD;av;ukd rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;u ]usef;rmawmfrlygp rdrdiJ. a&TrsufESmawmftkd bmtvkdawmf rusjzpf&onfvJ} rif;orD;av;onf ezl;awG.'l;awG. rawG.bl;ao;orkd. &Suftm;awmfykdjyD; bmukdb,fuJ.okd. avQmufwif&rnfukd rodyJ cyfrqwfaeawmfrlygonf? wdwfqdwfndrfoufcsif;wkd.onf rif;rdzk&m;ESpfyg;wkd.tMum; vTrf;rkd; cs,fvS,faeygavonf/ rif;orD;av;\ pdwfwGif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf usef;rmawmfrlvkd.om onfO,smOfawmfokd. xGufawmfrlvmEkdifjcif;ukd odyg&ufu,fESif. tar;awmf&Sdaeygonf/ onftar;ukd rnfokd.ajzqkd&rnfukd ra0cGJwwfatmif jzpfae&ayonf/ jyifyavmuwGif qdwfndrfcsif;wkd. pkd;rkd;aeonfukd jzpfaomfvnf; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;rSm ,k,Muifemaom pdwfxm;jzif. rif;orD;av;udk,fawmfav;ukd ukdifzspf&if; ............ ]armifawmfMuD;[m bDvl;obufyrm aMumufp&maumif;onfvJ r[kwfyguvm; rdrd&m? ckvkd EIwfqdwfawmfrlavjyefawm. armifawmfMuD; pdwfyifyrf;vSonf rdrd&,f} ajym&if;qkd&if; rif;orD;av;ukd ayG.zufxm;&mrS udk,fawmfeHab;okd. tomt&mcs&if; rwfwyf&yfygonf/ twGif;pdwfwkd.rSm vIyf&Sm;&aomaMumif. ukd,fawmfrSmvnf; *Pmrjidrfjzpfvm&onfrkd. vrf;avQmuf&efxjcif;jzpfygonf/ a&Munf.eef;awmftwGif; ta&S.rS taemufodk. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; a&Tpdwfawmf a,muf,ufcwfaeonf.twGuf pMuFefavQmufygavonf/ xkdtjyKrlukd jrif&aom rif;orD;av;rSm rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; a&Tpdwfawmf tvkdawmfrus jzpfonf[k xifrSwfrd&Smygonf/ rdrd\aemifawmf odEéDapmfbGm;MuD;u rdrdtm; rif;w&m;bk&m;MuD;xH tvkdMudKuf tvkdufaqmifvQif rdrdjzpfvkd&m jzpfEdkifrnf/ apwvkH;ukd tykdif&Edkifayonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; a&TpdwfawmfjidK tvkdawmf ruscJ.vQif aovrf;okd.yif jref;&ayvdrf.rnf [laom rSmMum;xm;&SdcJ.aom pum;wkd.ukd owd&vmojzif. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; a&Tpdwfawmf rjidKap&ef awmif;yefavrS oif.ayrnf[k awG;rdojzif. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; pMuFefMuGcsD&mokd. oGm;&ef rif;orD;av;onf ausmufjzLom; ovGefawmfay : rS qif;í &yfvkdufygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; pMuFefMuGawmfrl&modk. avQmufoGm;awmrljyD;rS rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;ukdpD;í zufvkdufygonf/ pkd;&drfaMumif.MupdwfaMumif. pGef.pm; vkduf&aomfvnf; rif;orD;uav;rSm


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rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; jyefvnf ayG.zufawmfrlygavonf/ okd.ayG.zufxm;jcif;cH&onfukdyif tm;rvkd tm;r&jzpí ykdrkdwkd;uyfvkdaom qE´ESif. rif;orD;av;rSm a&S.okd. wkd;uyfygonf/ onfxufwkd;uyfír&yg? wdk;uyfzufbkd. MudK;pm;avawm.rS rif;orD;av;onf a&S.okd.wkd;í r&awm.bJ wpkHwcku wm;pD;ckcHaeojzif. rdrdtem;odk. wkd;uyfrIukd rvkdvm;í ,ckuJ.odk. jyKrlaeovm;[k pOfpm;rdygonf/ xkdMum;rS wm;qD; ckcHaeawm.onf t&monf tb,fokd. t&monf tb,fokd.aom taMumif;ESif. olrtm; [ef.wm;xm;&ygoenf;/ ]onf'l;awmfukd z,fay;awmfrlygbk&m;} ajym&if; vufjzif. wGef;z,fonfwGif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; ukd,fawmfukd tenf;i,f &dk.vsuf rif;orD;av;em;okd. avoHwkd;wkd;jzif. ajymvkdufoní¼ rif;orD;uav;onf &Srf;pum;jzif. 'l;awmfr[kwfonfwJ. r,fr,fbk&m;a& } xdwfvef.aom tmar¥dwftoH Mum;vkduf&jyD; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; ayG.zufxm;aom vuftwGif; nTwfacGar.arsm aysm.usoGm;ygavonf/

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]onfvkdy iarmifMuD;& igukd,fawmfjrwf pdwf0rf;awmf0,f odEéDrif;orD;av;ukdom pGJvrf;awmfrlrdonfaMumif. odEéDrif;orD;awmfeJ.yJ arG.avsmfaerdw,f? iarmifMuD;&,f. odEDérif;orD;av;[m toufyif i,faomfvJ igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD; tvkdawmfvkduf tMudKufaqmifEkdifayo[J.} ]rSefawmfrlygonfbk&m;? pdrf;aygif;rkef.ESif. rkef.u\ysm;ovufwkd.onf qef.rIef.nufcsnf;jzif. jyKvkyfxm;Muygonfbk&m;? xkd.twl okH;q,fESpf aum|motpkta0; csif;wlonf. rdef;rom;csif;rsm; jzpfygí odEDérif;orD;av;bk&m;ESif. toQif\ rdzk&m;MuD;rsm;vnf; wlnDaMumif; a&Tem;awmf qufoygonfbk&m;} ]ajymr,kH MuHKbl;rSodrAs? iarmifMuD;&m eifu igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;ukd w&m;jyaeonfxify} ]onf;cHawmfrlygbk&m;? usGefawmfrsKd;MuD; b0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;ukd ausmif;xkdif usrf;wwfq&mawmfbk&m;MuD;ukd pmoifjyL ay;aeonf. ausmif;om;oli,foabmrsKd; r[kwf&aMumif;ygbk&m;? usGefawmfrsKd;MuD; wifavQmuf&jcif;rSmvnf; rdzk&m;MuD;rsm;\ rsufrdef.awmf&Srnfukd pkd;&drfaESmif;vkd. aMumif.Muawmf rlrdonfaMumif.ygbk&m;} ]o[mvkdjzif. &Sdayapawm.? eifrodao;onf qkdonfvJ ajym&rnfy? vufxufr*FvmyGJ qifETJumeD; nDawmfrif;eefukd jrwfpGmbkocifukd,fawmfjrwfMuD; *&kPmxm;awmfrlí cRwfawmfrl&ef ac : aqmifoGm;pOf vrf;c&D; arsmufrMuD;ukd jyjyD; owkd.orD; b'úvsmPDrif;orD;av;eJ. onfarsmufr b,foluvSoenf; nDawmf[k tar;awmf&Sdonf.twGuf nDawmf rif;eefpdwf0,f bk&m;ociftay : pdwfawmfckoGm;onfbJ iarmifMuD;&J.} ]rSefvSyg vl.avmu0,f tvS<u,fonf[k wifpm;ae&onf. b'úvsmPDrif;orD;av;ESif. arsmufr EIdif;,SOfjyoonf.twGuf bk&m;ocif ukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;tay : nDawmfrif;eef pdwfuGuf&jcif; jzpfygonfbk&m;} ]tdrf;-tJonftcdsefu nDawmfrif;eef[m uvsmPDrif;orD;xuf acsmonf? vSonfrsm;ukd rjrifbl;ao;ubJ iarmifMuD;&J.? o[maMumif. arsmufrESif. EIdif;&ufavjcif;[k pGJxifawmfrlonfukd od&SdavwJ. jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif[m nDawmf rif;eefukd ewfjynf ajcmufxyfqGrf;cHac : oGm;awmfrlonf.tcgusrS ewforD;awGukd jrifawG.wJ. nDawmfrif;eef[m ewforD;awG&J. tvSuGef,ufrSifoufrdjyD; awGa0ai;aewJ.tcg ar;awmfrlwJ. bk&m;ocifukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;ukd ]b'úvsm[m onfewforD;rsm;ESif. wk,SOfygvQif arsmufrMuD;vkdomjzpfygonfbk&m;} [k wifavQmufonf. ykHyrmtwkdif; ig.rdzk&m;awGukdvJ odEDérif;orD;av;ESif. ,SOfEIdif;Munf.rdonf.taMumif;tcsufaMumif. aqmifawmful;&uf ysufuGuf&onfy iarmifMuD;&} rif;w&m;bk&m;vnf; OD;a&TarmifMuD;tm; pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf &Sif;vif;rdef.awmfrlygonf/ Mum;&onf.pum;rsm;ukd OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; oufjyif;cs&if; jidrfoufpGm em;axmif&efrSwyg; tjcm;r&Sdyg/ rdausmif;rif; a&uif;jyonf.tvm;? q&m;awmfukd pmcsrdaom ausmif;om; oli,fuJ.okd. EIwfqdwfae&ygavonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; jzpfysufaeykH tvkH;pkHukd &dyfpm;rdMuaom yg;eyfvdrfrmvSMuonf. rdzk&m;jzpfaom pdefwkef;rdzk&m;ESif; qifjzLr&Sif tv,feef;rawmfMuD;wkd. acgif;csif;&kdufwdkifyifaeonfwkd.ukdvnf; OD;a&TarmifMuD; pOf;pm;rdvmygawm.onf/ pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD;\ tjrifwGif b0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf &wemykHaejynfawmfESif. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; pkd;ykdif tkyfcsKyfaeaom e,fy,fa'orsm;rS vma&mufqufoMuaom rif;orD;rsm;? ukd,fvkyfawmfarmif;rsm;? jrdK.pm; e,fpm;? olaX; ol<u,fwkd.\ orD;rsm;tm;vkH;wkd.onf ukr®m&Dt&G,f (16)ESpfausmfawG


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jrif;pD;a,musmf;ESpfOD;teuf wOD;rSm ,cifuwnf;u eef;jrdK.twGif;aexkdif 0ifxGufoGm;vmbl;oljzpí tcuftcJr&SdbJ ol&J0ef OD;vkH;&Sd&modk. ar;jref; pkHpef;jyD; ,laqmifvmcJ.aom ol.wkd.ocif\ o0PfvTmukd oGm;a&mufay;qufvkdufygonf/ ol&J0efrif;uvnf; o0PfvTmukd zuf&if; jyKH;vmygonf/ ]uJ-a&S.awmfokd. ,ck0ifa&mufí wifavQmufawmfrlrAsm/ usKyfESif.wygwnf; oifwkd.ESpfOD;yg tcpm;0ifMuonfy/ ajym&if; OD;vkH;u OD;aqmifxGufcGm oGm;ygavonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; abmif;awmfaqmifwGif tESdyfawmfqufcH,laecsdefjzpfygavonf/ OD;vkH;vnf; taz : ESpfa,mufESif.twl rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tm; cpm;&if; avQmufwifavonf/ ]b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;xHawmufarSmufokd. vufaqmifyPÖmawmfESif. orD;unmqufo&ef tjrif.jrdK.pm;MuD;qkdufa&mufvmygawm.rnf. taMumif; a&Tem;awmfwifavQmufygonf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;} ]tjrif. jrdK.pm;MuD;eJ. oufqkdif&m tzGJ.om;rsm; a&S.awmfokd. 0ifa&mufcGif.&SdapAsm;} rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; jyefMum;awmfrlcsuft& OD;vkH;vnf;qufvuf wifavQmufygonf/ ]rSefvSyg rkd;oufavrsm; usa&mufaeonf.twGuf uPÖmawmfquftzGJ.rSm {&mjrpftaemufbuf tmavmifqdyfurf;bufwGif rkd;avtjidrfapmif.pm;&if; em;aeaMumif;ygbk&m;} ]avrkd;rsm; jidrfoufcsdefapmif;qkdif;jyD;rS ul;vmMurnf.taMumif; em;awmfavQmufESif.&ef jrif;onfawmfrsm;om a&muf&SdvmaMumif;ygbk&m;} ]onfES,fjzif. tcdsefrJ.tcgrJ.wGifrS a&muf&SdvmMurnf. yPÖmawmf quftzGJ.tm; vkdavao;r&Sdap&ef ivkH;yif pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;apAsm;} ]Asm'dwfawmfjrwftwkdif; pDrH aqmif&Gufawmfrlygrnf b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;? a*g0efqdyfurf;okd.vnf; tMudKawmfvTwfí qkdufuyfvmrnf. yPÖmawmfquftzGJ.avSawmfukdvnf; oGm;a&mufí usGefawmfrsKd;MuD;ukd,fwkdif MudKqkdygrnfbk&m;} ]o[mjzif. tjrif.jrdK.pm;MuD;ESif. aemufawmfygtzGJ.om;rsm;ukd eif.tdrfrSmbJ {nf.0wfjyKvkdufyg ivkH;? onfnwmukd eef;wGif;&kyfpkHtzGJ.ukd ac : ,lajzazsmfap&ef trdef.awmf rSwfvdkufawmfrloAs} ]0rf;ajrmufvSygonf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tjrif.jrdK.pm;ESif. tzGJ.om;rsm;ukdvnf; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; *&kPmawmf&Sdonf.twkdif; &kyfpkHyGJjzif. {nf.cHí jyKpkvkdufygrnfbk&m;} ]aumif;vSonfAsm; c&Dyef;vm&Smvmolrsm;ukd vkdoí jyKpk ,k,ay;ygrS tyef;ajyayrayg. ivkH;&J. tjrif.jrdK.u vSnf;wwef avSwwefeJ. vm&onf. c&D;uvJ jyif;ayrAs} ]rSefvSyg vSnf;jzif. okH;nESif. 4- &uf c&D;ESifjyD;rS aejynfawmf taemufbuf tmavmif&Gmqdyfurf;okd. a&muf&SdEdkifygonfbk&m;} ]igukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;onf vGefcJ.aom q,f.ig;ESpfavmufqDu jrif;awmfESif. a&mufzl;onfAs? c&D;awmfa0;&kHrubJ oGm;a&;vJ cufcJonf.ae&mawGubJ ivkH;&J.? uJ-eif{nf.onfawG 0wfjyKbkd. tpDtpOf jyKacsaya&m.}


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]Asm'dwfawmfrsm; twkdif;ygbk&m;} OD;vkH;ESif. jrif;onfawmf ESpfOD;vnf; rif;w&m;MuD;tm; uefawm.vsuf jyefvnfxGufcGm oGm;Muygonf/ xkdtckduf0,f avmuwcGifvkH; tarSmifrkd;wkd. pkd;rdk;aeygonf/ rkd;zGJrkd;ayguf wazsmufwazsmufatmufwGif OD;vkH;wkd.vnf; jrif;ukd,fpDpD;vsuf a&Teef;jrdK.wHcg;qDokd. xGufcGmoGm;Muygonf/ (3) eHeufnDvmcH pJjyD;onf.aemuf OD;a&TarmifMuDvnf; rnfonf. wm0efrQ r&Sdonfjzpí wkdif;wmrif;MuD;OD;zkd;tdrfokd. ppfwk&ifupm;Mu&ef vkdufygoGm;ygonf/ wkdif;wmrif;MuD;OD;zkd;\ aetdrfawmfrSm awmifO,smOfawmftqkH; r*Fvm a&uefawmf\ ta&S. awmifbufuyfvsuf &Sdonfjzpí a&Teef;awmfESif. teD;qkH;jzpfygonf/ (0efMuD;rsm;\tdrfrsm; tm;vkH;xuf wkdif;wmrif;MuD;OD;zkd;\tdrfonf a&Teef;awmfMuD;ESif. teD;qkH;jzpfygonf/ aetdrf eD;uyf oavmufvnf; wkdif;wmrif;MuD;OD;zkd;rSm &Sifbk&ifukd rsufESmvkdrsufESm& tvkyfqkH;jzpfygonf/ xkdonfukd taMumif;jyKí olwkd.0efMuD;tcsif;csif; wkdif;wmrif;MuD;tm; rMum;wMum;jzif. ociftyg; uyfa[mifonf. acG;0Jpm; wkdif;wm[k ysuf&,fjyKMuygonf)/ wkdif;wmrif;MuD;ESif. OD;a&TarmifMuD;wkd.rSm ppfwk&ifupm;&mwGif vufnDvSonfjzpí tusdwfte,fupm;&av.&Sdygonf/ olwkd.ESpfa,mufppfwk&ifupm;Muonf[k toHMum;Muonf qkdygvQif teD;tyg;rS 0goem yg&Sdolrsm; vma&mufMunf.&I twk ckd;Mu&onf.tjzpfrsKd; a&mufatmif upm;&mwGif uRrf;usifMuygonf/ tusdwfte,fupm;Mu&if;u wkdif;wmrif;MuD;wGif &xm;wpD;omusefawm.í OD;a&TarmifMuD;rSmvnf; qifwaumifESif. ppfuJom &Sdayawm.onf/ qif-ppfuJESif.&xm; tusdwfte,f MuJ&onf. tjzpfrsKd;rSm ppfwk&ifupm;uRrf;usifolrsm;twGuf pdwf0ifpm;zG,f aumif;ovkd tltoJ wkefbG,fvnf;jzpfygonf/ avmif;aMu;rSm rsufESmwGif xkH;acGwrf;yif jzpfaomfvnf; olwkd.\ tEdkifrcH t&IH;ray;onf. pdwf"gwfaMumif. eab; y&dowfrSm wtkef;tkef; w0kef;0kef; ol.bufukd,f.buf tjydKiftm;ay;aeMuygonf/ uif;0efrif;MuD; OD;aumif;u OD;a&TarmifMuD; bufrS aevsuftm;ay;aeygonf/ cef;ywfrif;MuD;ESif. a&Tjynf0efMuD; OD;bkd;vdIifwkd.rSm wkdif;wmrif;MuD;bufrS tm;ay;ygonf/ vli,fykdif;rSvnf; MudKufESpfouf&m bufrS tm;wufoa&m ulnDajrSufyif.ay;aeMuygonf/ xkdpOf b0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;xHrS OD;a&TarmifMuD;tm; csufcsif;tcpm;0if&ef vma&muf ac : iifol rif;apvkvifa&muf&Sdvmojzif. OD;a&TarmifMuD;u ajymvkdufonf/ ]wkdif;wmrif;wkd.rSm tMuHykdifvkdufykHuawm. rajymjycsifygbl; rif;MuD;wkd.Asm;? xkH;tacGcHcgeD;awm.rS rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;eJ. csdwfqufvkyfxm;yD; usKyfukd tac : awmfckdif;vkdufavonfAs/ trdef.awmfqkdawm. oGm;&ayOD;rnfy} ]tHr,fav;-rav; ukd&ifa&Tarmifuonfvkdajymom usKyfukd apmfum;onfy? ukd&if b,favmufowdÅ&SdonfvJ? usKyfESif. pnf.pdrfcsif;xyfjyD; yGJqufxkd;csifoAs} ]onf;cHygwkdif;wmrif;MuD;&J.? rif;MuD;pnf;pdrfudkvJ tusGefr,lvkdyg tusGeftaeeJ. rif;MuD;ukdxkH;om;&&kHeJ.bJ auseyfygonfAs} ]ukd&ifa&Tarmifu 0g<um;vScsnf.? uJyg MuKdufaMu;xyfjyD; wyGJavmuf prf;csifonfy}


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trsufawmf &ScHrnf.rta&;rkd. tusGef oGm;OD;rnfy? rif;MuD;rauseyfao;onf xifrdygu rif;MuD;&Sd pnf;pdrftjyif tdrfoleJ. orD;yg tqpfxnf. aMu;wkdufyD; aemufrsm;rS wyGJwvrf;prf;Muonfy} OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; ajymqkd&,farm&if; rif;vkvifESif. twl OD;a&TarmifMuD;pum;Mum;&onf.twGuf pdwfqkd;rmefqkd;ESif. ppfwk&ifckHMuD;ukd ukdifaygufypfvkdufcg awmufacguf&if; tHtm;oif.aeaom ppfwk&ifyGJMunf. aeolrsm;bufvSnf.cg uif;0eftm; ajymMum;vkdufygonf/ ]onf ukd&ifa&Tarmifawm. aemufusLyfESif.ppfwk&ifxkd;&rSm aMumufoGm;atmifusKuftpGrf;jy ESdrfxm;rSjzpfayawm.r,f OD;aumif;&J.} ][kwfayonfy rSwfavmuf om;avmufatmifqkH;ray;ygrS onfoli,fjidrfoGm;ayrnfayg. ckawm. ukdzkd;u tavsm.ay;aevkd.vm;rodbl; usKyfwkd.jrif&onf. tMudrfwkdif; ukdzkd;rsufESmay : xkH;tjynf.eJ. csnf.bJ} uif;0efrif;pum;tpwGif tenf;i,fjyKH;a,mifoef;vmaom OD;zdk;rsufESmwGif OD;aumif;pum;qkH;usrS ol.bufvSnf.vmonfukd &dyfrdonf.twGuf jyefajymvkdufonf/ ]vmjyefyvm; ukd&ifaumif;u onfoli,fukd usKyfu *&krpkdufavmuf trIrxm;avmufonf[k txifrSwfyD; ayg.ayg.wefwef upm;onfrkd. xkH;twkd.cH&onfyg} ]atmf... onfvkdvm; ukd&ifzkd; onfavmufawmiftMudrfMudrf ayg.ayg.wefwef oabmxm;aeonf.twlwl woufvkH;bJ tavQm.ay;vkduf&ifyD;onfy ukd&ifzkd;&,f} ]oif;u 0g<um;vGef;aomaMumif. qkH;rcsifonf ukdaumif;&J. tvkdvkduf trkdufapmfum;qkdonfES,fy} ]o[mawmif ukd&ifzkd;u pnf;pdrfcsif;xyfyD; tvkdvkdufao;onfrkd. aMu;pyfaeonfvm;} ]b,fvkdAs ukd&ifaumif; usKyfwu,fajymaeonfukd oa&mfonfvm; ukd&ifaumif; prf;csifoyqkd&if MudKufaMu;xyfjyD;ckukdifyg.} ]ukdzkd;uvJ a'goMuD;vSacsvm;? avmif;upm;jcif;qkdonf[m bk&m;vJrMudKuf? oHCmvJrMudKufonf. tvkyfjzpfonfrkd. usKyfawm.ravmif;&Jygbl;? avmif;upm;av.olyDyD avmif;upm; o&JESif.om avmif;aya&m. wkdif;wmrif;MuD;&J.} uif;0efrif;MuD;OD;aumif;\ pyfjzJjzJ rsufESmav; ESif. ajympum;aMumif. ab;rS y&dowfrsm; &,farm av wkdif;wmrif;MuD;a'goxav-wkdif;wmrif;MuD; a'goxav y&dowfrsm; w0g;0g;ESif.nmí &,favjzpfaeygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tyg;awmfokd. OD;a&TarmifMuD;a&muf&SdoGm;csdefwGif br,móeaqmifonf tcpm; 0ifa&mufvmMuolrsm;ESif. jynf.vl. cref;&Sdaeygonf/ jrifawG.aeus rsufESmrsm;r[kwfonfukd owdjyKrdaom OD;a&TarmifMuD;aejzif.a0;vHaom a'orS aus;awmfrsKd; uRefawmfrsKd;rsm; jzpfaMumif; tvkdvkd em;vnfvm &ygavonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tyg;teD; uyfcpm;aeMuaom olrsm;tm; *&kpkdufMunf.ygrS o&J0ef OD;vkH;ESif. twl tjrif.jrdK.pm;MuD;ukd jrifawG.&jyD; tjrif.jrdK.pm;ESif.twlygolrsm; jzpfEdkifaMumif;cHrSef;rdygonf/


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OD;a&TarmifMuD; a&muf&SdjyD; ra&S;raESmif;yif pdefwkef;rdbk&m;MuD; tcpm;0ifa&mufvmygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; pdefwkH;rdzk&m;MuD;ukd &Ipm;awmf rl&if;u rdef.awmfrlonfrSm- ]ukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;ukd onfu tjrif. jrdK.pm;MuD;y vufaqmify@mawmfrsm;ESif;wuG orD;unmyg qufo&efa&muf&Sdvmonfy pkpk&J.} ]armifarmifbk&m; bkef;awmfuHawmfaMumif. vufaqmify@mrsm;ESif. orD;awmfvma&muf qufoMuonf ukdMum;od&awmfrlí 0rf;ajrmufvSaMumif;yg armifarmifbk&m;} ]tJonf orD;awmfav;udk a&Teef;wGif; "av.xkH;wrf;rsm;ESif. tajymtqkd taetxkdifrsm; oifMum;jyoay&ef pkpkMuD;qD tyfESHawmfrlvkdonftwGuf tac : awmfvTwf&jcif;ayuyJ} ]armifarmifbk&m; tvkdawmf&Sdonf.twkdif; oifMum;jyoay;ygrnfbk&m;} ]o[mjzif. ,ckyif pkpkMuD;eJ.twl tjrif. orD;awmfav;ukd ac:,loGm;ayawm.? pkpkMuD;ubJ Munf.&IjyD; vkdtyfonf. vuf0wf wHqm'Gm&mrsm; ukdvnf; a&TwkdufawmfrS xkwf,lay;oem;awmfrlygbd} ]trdef.awmf twkdif; aqmif&Guf ygrnf armifarmifbk&m;} rdzk&m;MuD;vnf; ajcawmf OD;ckdufcg orD;awmfav;tm; ac:aqmifí xGufcGgoGm;ygawm.onf/ rif;wkef; rif;MuD;bk&m;vnf; OD;vkH;ESif. tjrif.jrdK.pm;MuD;qufoonf. orD;awmfav;ukd eef;wGif;&Sd tpOftvmyg½Sdonf.twkdif; a&Teef;awmftokH;tEIef; "av.xkH;pH rsm;ukd oifMum;Ekdif&nf tyfESH xm;vkdufaMumif; rdef.awmfrlaeygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;b&m;ESif. &yfa&;&Gma&;e,fy,f a'o taMumif;rsm; ajymqkd avQmufwifMujyD;aemuf OD;vkH;ESif. tjrif.jrdK.pm;MuD;wkd.tzGJ.vnf; jyefvnfxGufcGmoGm;Muygawm.onf/ br,moe cef;aqmiftwGif;&Sd {nf.y&dowfrsm;xGufcGgoGm;awmfrlavawm.rS rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tyg;awmfwGif cpm;vsuf½Sdonf. OD;a&TarmifMuD;tm; tar;½Sdawmfrlygonf/ ]iarmifMuD;&J. eifxdef;odrf; apmif.a&Smufxm;onf. aqmifawmfulrSwfwrf;xJwGif odEDé rif;orD;av;ukd ae.pOf tvSnf.ay;jyD; wjcm; rdzk&m;wyg;ESif. wGJzuf tvSnf.ay;awmfrl&if aumif;avrvm;vkd. tMuHawmfqufprf;} uRefawmfrsKd;MuD; rwifavQmufwwfonfrkd. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tvkd½Sd&m rdef.awmfrlyg? aqmifawmfulrSwfwrf;wif&ef uRefawmfrsKd;MuD; toif.½Sd aMumif;ygbk&m;} ]onfES,fjzif. odEDérif;orD;av;ukd ae.pOfpm&if;wif&efESif. rSwfwrf;wGif yg½Sdaom taqmif& eef;& rdzk&m;a&Twkdufpm&if;0if rdzk&m;rsm;eJ. wGJzufí wae.wyg;us pm&if;jyKvkyfapAsm;} ]rSefvSyg b,fuJ.okd. pwifí rdzk&m;rsm;ukd tOD;tpxm;½Sd&rnfukd rdef.awmfrlygbk&m;} ]taqmifawmful;&uf pwifysufuGufcJ.onf.ae.u tvSnf.usonf. rdzk&m;ukd OD;pm;ay;cg odEDé ESrawmfav;ESif. wGJbufapAsm;} ]oif.jrwfawmfrlí w&m;rQwvSaMumif;yg rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; uRefawmfrsKd;MuD; ,ae.yif pm&if;opfzGif.í tcsdefraESmif;rD rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; a&Tvufawmf ta&muf qufoawmfrlygrnfbk&m;} ]aumif;onfAs aumif;onfAs? iarmifMuD;pm&if;ukd ,ae.qufoapAsm;}


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rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; qkdrdef.awmfrljyD;aemuf rsufESmawmfvTJoGm;ygojzif. OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; OD;ckdufuefawm.jyD;aemuf jyefvnfxGufcGmvmcJ.ygawm.onf/ (4) b0½Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; aqmifawmful;&ufrsm; azgufvTJazgufjyefjzpfaeonfwkd.ukd taqmif&eef;& rdzk&m;MuD;rsm;txJwGif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tm; ajym&Jqkd&Jonf. qifjzLr½Sif rdzk&m; a&Tem;awmfokd. aygufMum;oGm;ygonf/ qifjzLr&Sif tv,feef;rawmf rdzk&m;rSm bMuD;awmfrif;w&m;MuD; ESvkH;om;ukd pm;okH;jyD; t½l;vkH;vkH;jzpfatmif jyKrlcJ.onf. eef;rawmfr,fEkrS qif;oufvmaom tEG,f0if orD;rdzk&m;jzpfygonf/ brsKd;bkd;wlqkdonf.twkdif; rif;wkef;rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;ukd cRJvGef;EGJ.vGef;onf[k a&Teef;wGif;ol eef;wGif;om;wkdif; odMuygonf/ pdwfrmefvnf; tvGefMuD;í ae&mwumwkdif;wkd.wGif tEdkif,lvkdaom pdwfxm;½Sdonfjzpfygonf/ tcGif.ta&; &,lEkdif&ef rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tvkdvkdufí tMudKufaqmif&mwGif qifjzLr½Sif rdzk&m;MuD;ukdrSDaom rdzk&m;wyg;rS r½Sdyg/ qifjzLr½Sifrdzk&m;MuD;onf rif;w&m;MuD; bk&m;tm; rsufESmvkd rsufESm& jyKvkyfaqmif&Gufay;onfESif. trQ &½Sdvmaom tcGif.ta&;ESif. rsufESmomay; ta&;,lcsif;wkd.ukdvnf; txl;cHcJ.&ayonf/ xkdokd. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; ajrSmufpm;awmfrlí t&mcyfodrf;aom udpörsm;ukd wkdif;wmrif;MuD; OD;zkd;wkd.vkd rif;vkdvkduf rif;MudKufaqmifwwfaom 0efMuD;0efav;rsm;u owif;xl;½Sdygu wifavQmufwwfav.½Sdojzif. tcsKd.aomudpö0dpörsm;ukd b0½Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;xuf qifjzLr½Sifrdzk&m;MuD;u t&ifOD;jyD; odaewwfygonf/ qifjzLr½Sif rdzk&m;MuD;onf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tvkdawmfvkduf tMudKufukd aqmifay;ojzif. &½Sdvmaom tcGif.ta&;ESif. tmPmrsm;ukd wyfrufwG,fwmrSef; rod wyfruf wG,fwmvmcJ.ygonf/ (rif;wkef;rif;w&m;MuD;ay;tyfaom tcGif.ta&;ESif. tmPmpnf;pdrfwkd. ,pfrl;&rSef; t&omcHpm;&rSef; odaeaom qifjzLr½Sif rdzk&m;onf rif;wkef;rif; w&m;MuD;bk&m; rrmawmf rlcsdefwGif vkyfMuH owfjzwfjcif; jyKvkyfonf[k wcsKd. &mZ0ifq&mrsm; pGyfpGJcJ.ygonf/ om;awmfrsm;ESif. rdzk&m;rsm;/ 0efMuD;0efav;ESif. ta&;ygolrsm;ukdvnf; qifjzLr½Sif rdzk&m;u &aemifarmifwkwfwkd.tm; okwfoif&ef apmif;yg;&dyfajc tMuHay;cJ.onf[kvnf; a½S;olwkd. ajymMuygonf/ -pma&;ol) tmPmESif. pnf;pdrfukd rufarmolonf tmPmESif. pnf;pdrf wnfjrJa&;twGuf usif.MuHtm;xkwfMuonfrSm "r®wmyifjzpfygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf oEDérif;orD;av;tm; pGJvrf; wrf;waeonf.twGuf qifjzLr½Sif rdzk&m;MuD;onf pkd;&drfaESmif;vkd. aMumif.Muawmfrljcif;jzpfygonf/ tu,fíom rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf odEDérif;orD;av;tm; taqmifteef;wkd. ay;oem;jyD; ajrSmufpm;vkdufawmfrlcJ.ygvQif toufi,faom rdzk&m;uav;ESif. jyóemay : ayguf ½Sif;vif; ae&rnfukd pkd;&drfygonf/ qifjzLr½Sifrdzk&m;vnf; tjrif.jrdK.pm;qufoaom orD;awmfav; pdefwkef;rdzk&m;xHtyfESHí a&Teef;wGif;okH; tav.txrsm;? tajymtqkd taetxkdifrS pí uRrf;usifrI ½Sdr½Sd rMumrMum pkHprf;av.½Sdygonf/ a&Teef;wGif; tav.tx? t,Oftaus;? tzG,ft&mrsm;ukd a&Teef;awmfESif. tquf uif;jywfaeolrsm; a&Teef;wGif;okd. ta&muftayguf vkH;0 r½Sdolrsm;tbkd. t&m&mwkdif;wkd.wGif xl;qef;aeojzif. csufcsif;wwfajrmuf&ef rvG,fulyg/ txl;ojzif. rdzk&m;avmif;rsm; tbkd. omíyif cufcJygavonf/ b0½Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tvkdawmfvkdufí tMudKufukd aqmif&Gufay;a&;udpörSm vG,fra,mifESif.cuf wdrfra,mifESif. eufaomjyóemjzpfaeygawm.onf/ b0½Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf umrpnf;pdrf cHpm;pHpm;&mwGif olrwlatmif uRrf;usifygonf/ xkdokd.olrwlatmif uRrf;usifpGm cHpm;pHpm;wwfaom rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;wGuf aysmfawmfquf&ef oifwef;ray;vQif rjzpfEkdifyg? xkdonfwkd.aMumif. rif;wkef;rif; w&m;MuD;bk&m;vufxufusrS rdzk&m; q,ftdrfacgif;pepf tokH;jyKvmjcif;jzpfygonf/ (jrefrmrif;quf tm;vkH;xJwGif rif;wkef;rif;w&m;MuD; vufxufawmfwckwnf;wGifom q,fyg;acgif; rdzk&m;MuD;


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cef.tyfxm;½SdcJ.jcif;jzpfygonf)/ wckaom naecif;tcdsefwGif pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD; tqmifawmfokd. tv,feef;rawmf qifjzLr½Sifrdzk&m;a&muf½SdvmjyD;.... ]nDrawmfa&.? tjrif.pm; orD;awmfav;ukd rdzk&m;wkd. wwftyfodtyfaom ynm&yfrsm; jynf.pkH vkHavmuf&ef tcsdefawmf rnfrQavmuf MumrnfxifonfvJ nDrawmf&J.} [k tar;awmf½Sdvkdufonf/ ]rSefvSyg qifjzLr½Sif rrbk&m;? twwfynm ukefvkH<u,f0onf rqkdomao;onfvJ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; taysmfawmfquf&ef jzpfEdkifaumif;onf xifrdygonf rrbk&m;} ]onfES,fjzif. nDrawmfukd,fwkdif armifarmifbk&m;ukd onfnwm tjrif.rif;orD;av;ESif. pHpm; apbkd. <uvmawmfrlbkd. taMumif; a&Teef;awmfoGif;apcsifw,f nDrawmfpdefwkef;&J.} ]nDrawmf wifavQmuf Munf.ygrnf rrbk&m;? o[mayrif. rrzk&m; wifavQmufonfavmuf ta&;awmf&rnfrxifrdyg} ]rzk&m;vnf; tnDtwl a&Tem;awmfoGif;rnfy? nyGJawmf pm;okH;awmfrljyD;csdef wifvQif aumif;onf oabm ½Sdonfrkd. nDrawmf pdefwkef;vnf; vmcJ. apcsifonfy} ]aumif;vSygonf rrbk&m;? tjrif.orD;awmf vkHcav;\ ½kyf&nfonf odEDé orD;awmfav;avmuf tom;r0gaomfvnf; acsmykHvSykH omonf[k nDrawmf ,kHrSwfrdygonf rzk&m;} ]rzk&m;vnf; onfES,fxifonfy nDrawmf&J.? ndKacsm tajymoGufvQif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; pGJrufawmfrlrnfxify pdefwkef; nDrawmf&J.} ]tajymvnf;oGufygonf? jyHK;&,fvQifvnf; orifrsufvkH;uJ.okd. rsufvkH;awmfavrsm;u ta&mifxGufvmwwfygonf? o[mayrif. pdwfqwf[efawm. ½Sdygí rMumrMum owdawmfay; quf&ygonf rrzk&m;} ]aumif;vSygjyD nDrawmfpdefwkef;a&. rrbk&m; trSmawmf½Sdonf. tcdsefoma&mufatmifvmaya&m.} qifjzLr½Sif rdzk&m;MuD;vnf; pdefwkef; rdzk&m;MuD;ESif. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tm; tjrif.orD;awmfav;ESif. taysmfawmfqufa&;twGuf wkdifyif ESD;aESmí taqmifawmf tv,feef;rokd. jyefvnf<ucsDoGm;awmfrlygavonf/ pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD;vnf; tjrif.rif;orD;av; ½Sd&mokd. oGm;awmfrljyD; rif;w&m;MuD; bk&m;tm; rnfuJ.okd. jyKpk,k,&rnfqkdonfwkd.ukd aemufqkH;ydwftjzpfrSmMum; oGefoifawmfrlygavonf/ tjrif.orD;av;twGuf 0wfqif&efta&mif taoG;ponfwkd.ukd pdefwkef; rdzk&m;MuD;ukd,fwkdif a&G;cs,fay;ygonf/ bJjzLa&Ta&;puf tem;ygxrD Munfjyma&mifESif. vuf&if;vufzsm; tem;csKyf½kd; a&TZmowf xkdifrodrf;w½kyfzJMuD; tuFsDvufMuyf Munfjyma&mif wlnD0wfpkHukd 0wfqifap&ef a&G;cs,fay;ygavonf a&Tusifcwfyk0gjymEka&mif ay : wGif 0wfvpfpvpfykHrsm; yef;csDqGJxm;onf. yk0gEkEkukd csKH&efvnf; nTefjyay;ygonf/ qHawmf&Sif r,fcifukdvnf; pdefwkef; rdzk&m;MuD; ukd,fwkdif tjrif. orD;av;twGuf txl;wvnf vkH;wifqHxkH;qif,if xkH;zGJ.awmfrl&efvnf; trdef.awmf½Sdygavonf/ oeyfcg;awmfquf ½SifaxG;udkvnf; rif;w&m;MuD; bk&m; ESpfoufawmfrlonf. wef.Munf. awmifxGuf oeyfcg;arT; tayG;xlxl ukd ykHawmifykHnm ausmufjyifjzif. aoG;í qufo&efvnf;


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rSmMum;jyefygavonf? b,ufwefqm '‘Ggw&mrsm;ukdvnf; pl;Edkif½SEkdifaom t&mypönf;rsm; vkH;0 r0wfqifap&efvnf; owday;ygavonf/ pdefwkef;rdzk&m;vnf; tpp jynf.pkHvkHavmufatmif pDrHjyD;pD;onf.aemuf qifjzLr½Sif rdzk&m;ESif.twl rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;xHokd. tcpm; 0ifMuygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; npm yGJawmfMujyD;aemuf (5-em&Domom) eH.omjzLeef;awmfwGif avnSif;cH&if; em;aetyrf;ajzawmfrl&mokd. <ucsDvmaom rdzk&m;MuD; ESpfyg; jrifawmfrlaom rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; tar;awmf½Sdygavonf/ ]onfu pkpkMuD;wkd. rvmpbl;tvmxl;onf.u avQmufwifawmfrl&ef ½Sdonfxify} ]rSefvSyg rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tyrf;awmf ajzapzkd. aysmffawmfqufo&ef tjrif.rif;orD;av;rSm tqifoif. ½SdaeaMumif; armifarmifbk&m; a&Tem;awmf wifavsmuf&jcif;yg} qifjzLr½Sif tv,feef;rawmfMuD;\ wifavsmufcsuftjyD;wGif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; jyHK;awmfrl&if;- ]onfES,fjzif. armifarmifbk&m; tvkdawmf½SdwJ.tcg ac : rdef.awmfrlrnfy eef;rawmfMuD;&J.} rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; jyefvnf rdef.jrGufcsuftqkH;wGif pdefwkef; rdzk&m;MuD;onf- ]onftjrif.orD;vkHcav;ukd armifarmifbk&m; taysmfquf&ef t0wfawmfrsm;yifvJvS,f aejyDjzpfygonfbk&m; rIHeH.oapcg qif,ifxkH;zGJ.jyD;pD;vsuf tqifoif.½SdaeMumif;yg armifMuD;bk&m;} b0&Sif rif;wkef;rif;w&m;MuD;onf tenf;i,f pOf;pm;&if; tm;em[ef½Sdaeygonf? rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf wbufom;ukd vkdufavsmwwfaom oabm½SdaMumif; rdzk&m;rsm;ESif. a&Teef;wGif;ol eef;wGif;om;wkdif; od½SdaeMuojzif. tm;emyg;em jzpfoGm;ap&ef &nfoefvsuf qifjzLr&Sif rdzk&m;MuD;uyif .... ]armifarmifbk&m; <uawmfrlvmvQif rnfuJokd. MudKawmfrlí rnfuJ.okd. armifawmfbk&m;ukd aysmfawmfquf&rnfukd tjrif.rif;orD;av;u tm;wufoa&m av.vmplprf;aeonfukdd rzk&m;vJ od&Sdygonfbk&m;} [k wifavQmufvkdufonf.twGuf rif;wkef;rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; twefi,f jidrfoufpGm pOfpm;&if; acgif;awmfndrf.vsuf .... ]onfvkdqkdvQif armifarmifbk&m; tjrif.orD;av;xH oGm;vkdufrnfy? tjrif. orD;av;ukd pdefwkef;taqmifawmfwGif armifarmifbk&m; awG.qkHEkdif&ef pDpOfxm;ESif.ayawm. pkpkMuD;rsm;Asm;} rif;wkef;rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; rdef.awmfrljyD;onfESif. rdzk&m;MuD;ESpfyg;vnf; Munfvifaom toHrsm;ESif. jydKifwlwifavQmufygavonf/ ]armifarmifbk&m; rdef.awmfrlonf.twkdif; jynf.pkHapygrnfbk&m;} (5) oufMuD;acgif;cs MuufwGifoHonf txufrkd;aumif;uifokd. yJ.wifxyfoGm;ygonf/ vrdkufaomn &ufjzpí rJarSmifaeaom tmumowcGifwGif [kdwpkonfwpkjzif. wvufvuf ta&mifxGufaeaom Mu,fpkuav;wkd.om jrif&ygonf/


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rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; rdzk&m;MuD;rsm; wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfawmfrlonf.twGuf tm;emrIzufcg odEDérif;orD;av; taqmifawmf ul;oef;aeuscsdefwGif onfae.tbkd. tjrif.rif;orD;av;xH <ujref;awmf rlcJ.jcif;jzpfygavonf/ pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD; pHjrif;&m taemufawmfMuD;&Sd awmifaqmifawmfokd. 0ifa&mufawmfrlygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; <uvmawmfrlrnf. tcsdefukd apmif.MudKaeawmfrlaom pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD;vnf; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;ukd jrifawmfrlonfqkdvQifyif avsmif;awmfrl&m ovGefxufrS qif;awmfrljyD; vuftkyfcsDvsuf Mumjcnf,HtwGif;&Sd ovGefawmfay : pHpm;awmfrl&ef wifavQmufygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; xkdifawmfrljyD;í vufzspfwwGwfavmufaom tcsdefykdif;av;twGif; tjrif.rif;orD;av; a&muf&Sdvmygonf/ a&Twkdifawmf (a&Tydef;csza&mif;wkdif) ta&mifatmufwGif awG.jrif&aom tjrif.orD;awmftm; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf tckduftwef. pdrf;pdrf; ½Ipm;awmfrl&if; wyfrufpdwfwkd. ,kdzdwfvmygonf/ tjrif.orD;awmfrSm toufyifi,f&G,fol jzpfaomfvnf; tvkH;t&yfawmfrSm odEDéorD;awmfxuf tenf;i,fzdG.xGm;[efwlygonf/ tom;awmfrSm ndKoa,mif½Sdayrif. EknufykH&ygavonf/ qifjzLr&Sif rdzk&m;\ rsufESmykHvkd ½SdonfrSefaomfvnf; ajcawmfOD;ckdufpOf awG.jrif&onf. rsufESmawmf EkEki,fwGif cGufcsKdif.aom yg;rdk.ESpfbuf½Sdonf.twGuf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf qifjzLr&Sif rdzk&m;MuD;xuf ykdrkdMuufoa&awmf ½Sdayonf[k pdwfawmfwGif;rS ,SOfEIdif;rdygonf/ ½Snfvsm;oG,fwef;onf. aygifwef;awmfav;rsm;aMumif. <um;<um;0if.0if.½Sdaom pdefwkef;rdzk&m;xuf ykdrkd[efwlygonf/ um;aomwif usOfaomcg;½Sdonf. awmifeef;a'0D t*¾ra[oD pMuma'0D rdzk&m;acgifMuD;xuf tjrif.orD;awmfwGif rkd.armufaom&if ½Sdonfjzpfí awmifeef;rawmf t*¾ra[oD pMuma'0D rdzk&m;MuD;xuf omvGefwif.w,f[ef ½Sdygonf/ (awmifeef;a'0D t*¾ra[oD rdzk&m;acgifMuD;wGif om;orD; rxGef;um;cJ.yg)/ aomuf½I;Mu,ftvm; pl;½Sajymifvufaom rsufvkH;awmfrsm;atmuf½Sd ajzmif.pif;ao;oG,fay : vGifaom ESmwHawmf½Sdygonf ydjym;yg;vTmaom EIwfcrf;om; tpkwGif jynfwefywÅjrm;aoG;vkd eDjref;awmfrlaejyefonf. tjrif.orD;awmfonf rsufESmawmf tacsmtvSqkH;jzpfaom o&pdef;rdzk&m;MuD;xuf ykdrkdomvGefvSyaejyefygavonf/ a&m.&J tdwGJusvsufaeonf.? (&ifpnf; okd.r[kwf a½S;acwfacR;cH) twGif;rS jynf.0if;aom tarmuftrkd.wkd.rSm edrf.wkH jrif.wkHESif. ykZGefqdyfi,fvkd ckefaeonfukd owdjyKrdaom rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; a&Tpdwf0,f *½kPmrkd;oGef;jzdK;awmf.rnfES,f MuifemqyGm;aerdygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf Or®m'EDÅtvSukd jrifawG.rdí qifawmfay : u *Ref;jyefMu&onf. od0drif;MuD;uJ.okd.¤if;? yy0wDukd jrif½kHrQjzif. pGJvrf;wyfrufcg cspf'ku© trsKd;rsKd; cH&awmfrl½Smaom tavmif;awmf ukorif;MuD;uJ.okd.¤if;? ax&f&0g& olawmfpif&[ef;MuD; Oyuonf rqm0g\ tvSuGef,uf 0J.,ufrS rxGufEdkifatmif ork',aESmifMudK;jzif. csKyfaESmif&pfywfjcif;cHus&onf. tjzpfwkd.onf ,cktjrif.orD;awmfav;ukd ½Ijrif&aomrif;w&m;MuD; b0jzif.jcm;em;awm.rnf.r[kwfaMumif;ukd pOf;pm;rdygonf/ xkdpOf;pm;rd&if; jyHK;awmfrl&mu rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf ovGefawmfatmufwGif ajcawmfOD;ckduf cpm;aeonf. tjrif.rif;orD; a&TvufawmfqGJawmfrljyD; ovGefay : wufap&ef rdef.awmfrlpum; >rufMum;ygonf/ ]onfu tjrif.rif;orD;ESrawmfav; armifMuD;bk&m; ESif. ovGefawmfay : twlpHpm;awmfrlrnfy} ovGefawmfay : okd.wufí cyfcGmcGmxkdif&if; tjrif.orD;awmfav;rSm acgif;ik.H&if;cpm;aeygonf/ rsufESmawmfjrif&onfrSmvnf; ½SufaoG;rsm;zsmvsuf tom;awmfrsm;yif wkefaeygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tjrif. orD;awmfav;ukd a&TvufqGJí ovGefawmfay : wifvkdufonfqkduwnf;u tem;wGif cpm;vsuf½Sdaeonf. pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD;ESif.


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taqmifawmfwGif;rS txdef;awmftacsm.awmf rrrsm;tm;vkH; wa,mufjyD; wa,muf tvQKdvQKd aysmufuG,fukefMuygonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tyg; tjrif.orD;awmfrSwyg; tjcm;rnfolwOD;wa,mufrQ r&Sdawm.yg? rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; tjrif.orD;av;\ vufawmfESpfbufukd qGJ,lqkwfES,fvkdufygrS tjrif.orD;av;\ a&TvufawmfESpfbufrSm prf;us oDwma& wrQat;pufaeonfukd awG.&Sd&ygonf/ xkd.aMumif. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf i,fpOfawmifaus;uav;b0 pvif;rif;orD;ESif. ESpfukd,fwl arwÅmrQpOf tcsdefumvrS tjzpftysufwkd.ukd jyefvnf trSwf&vmygonf? cspfcsif;arwÅmwkd.\ tappm;cH b0rS wjznf;jznf;csif; ajymif;vTJvmaom rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf? cspfcsif;arwÅmwkd.ukd appm;EdkifoljzpfatmifEkdifvmcJ.onf rSefaomfvnf; i,fcspfa[mif;ukd tESpfwaomif;rar.aumif;qkdonf.pum; tvmawmf&Sdonf.twkdif; pvif;rif;orD;av;ESif. cspfuRrf;0if &if;ESD;cJ.ykHwkd.ukd ,ae.wkdifatmif awG;rdwkdif;wooESif. rar.Ekdif.cJ.yg/ xkdar.r&aom pdwf\ jzpfay : cHpm;rIESif. ,cktjrif.orD;awmfav;ESif. awG.MuK.&onf. cHpm;rIwkd.onf xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfava&m.ovm;[kyif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;oHo, &Sdawmfrlvmygavonf/ oHo,pdwfwkd.aMumif. yDwdpdwfrsm; jzpfay : cHpm;vm&onf twGuf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; a&Tpdwfawmf0,f MunfEl;rdygawm.onf/ ]ESrawmfav; a&Teef;awmfMuD;ay : ae&onfrSm aysmfawmfrl&J.vm; ESrawmfav;&J.} rif;w&m;MuD; bk&m;trdef.awmf &Sdonf.pum;ukd tjrif.rif;orD;av;u EIwfrSjyefvnf tajzMum;aomfvnf; acgif;ndrf.í tajzay;ygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; pum;jzif. wkH.jyefrwif avQmufonfukd rauseyfEkdifbJ tjrif.orD;awmfav;tm; ayG.í aygifay : wifawmfrlvkduf&if; .... ]armifMuD;bk&m; rsufESmawmfarmfvkd. zl;prf;yg. ESrawmfav;iJ.? onfu ESrawmfukd a&TarwÅm ykdawmfrlonfAs} ]bbbk&m; rsufESmawmf armfzl;&ef r0ef.aMumif;ygbk&m;} ]ukd,fawmfjrwfukd bbvkd. rac : awmfrlvkdufygESif.? armifMuD;bk&m;vkd.bJ ac : prf;y ESrawmfav;Asm;} ]bbbk&m; tvkdawmftwkdif; ac : awmfrlygrnf bbbk&m;} tjrif. orD;awmfav; &Sufawmfrlí pum;rsm;rSm;awmf rlaeonfukd rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; oabmawmfus pdwf0rf;awmfMunfEl;vSojzif. [ufwarm&,f&if;- ]onfu eSrawmfav;ujzif. bbk&m;vkd. rac : awmfrlvkdonfrS bbbk&m;csif; EIwfcGef;awmfxyfjyD; rdef.awmfrlayonfu armifMuD;bk&m;ukd cspfawmfrl[ef &Sdonfy ESrawmfav;&J.} rif;w&m;bk&m; usDp,fawmfrlaomfvnf; tjrif.orD;awmfav;rSm rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; &ifcGifwGif; OD;acgif;okd0Sufxm;jyD; wdwfqdwfjidrfvsuf&Sdaeygawm.onf/ tjrif.orD;awmfav;rSm acR;rsm; pkd&GJaeatmif aMumuftm;awmf ykdae[ef&Sdygavonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; Mumjcnf&H twGif;rSm avSmiftkdufaeonf[k rSwfxifawmfrlí Mumjcnf&Htjyifokd. xGufawmfrlvkdpdwf&SdvQif xGufMu&ef rdef.awmfrlaomfvnf; &Sufonf.twGuf acgif;cg&rf; jiif;y,fawmfrlygonf/


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awmuRrf;aom rkqkd;onf awmfaumifukd ypfcwfowfjzwfwwf&kHomru ajc&mcHívnf; vkdufwwfygonf/ xkdtwl ajc&mcHEkdifovkd ypfcwfowfjzwfjyD;onf.aemuf vSD;cRwfjzwfawmuf&mwGifvnf; pepfusrSefuefpGm jyKvkyfwwfygonf/ okd.rSomvkdtyfaom tusKd;tjrwf &&Sdatmif aqmif&GufEkdifayonf r[kwfygvm;/ bJjzLa&Ta&;puf tem;yg rkd;aumif;uif Munfjyma&mif xrDav;rSm rnfonf.tcsdefu ovGefawmfatmufusa&mufoGm;onfudk tjrif.orD;awmfav; rod&Sdvkdufaomfvnf; emusefrIa0'em cHpm;vm&onfukdawm. odvmygonf/ okd.jzpí aoG;½l;aoG;wef;jzif. vkyfrdvkyf&mukd vkyfvkdufavonf/ ]trav;-rav;? vTwfprf;yg. vkHcav;&? trav;av;} rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; jyif;jypGm atmf[pfoH Mum;&yg &ygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;\ atmifjrif cef.nm;aom toHawmfrSm a&mif&rf;atmf[pfpOf tckduftwef.wGifyif Munfvifjywfom;vSygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; atmf[pfnnf;nLoHMum;Muaom pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD;ESif. txdef;awmf tacsm.awmfMuD;rsm;onf MumcsnfaqmiftwGif;okd. tarmwum ajy;vmMuygonf/ pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD;vnf; Mumjcnf&Hukd vSpfoif.roif. pOf;pm;raeawm.bJ Mumcsnf&efukd rí twGif;okd.0ifa&mufoGm;onfwGif arSmuf&uf ikdaeaom tjrif.orD;av;ESif. &ifbwfawmfukd vufjzif.zdxm;vsufaqmif.aMumif.xkdifaeom rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;ukd awG.&ygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;&ifbwfawmfukd zdxm;aom vusfmvufz0g;atmufokd. aoG;rsm; ,kdpD;vmonfukd awG.jrif&onfü pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD;vnf; xdwfvef.awmfrloGm;ygonf/ ]armifarmifbk&m; b,fokd.aom taMumif;&yfjzif. &ifbwfawmfrS aoG;rsm; ,kdpD;vmawmfrlonfvJ} pkd;&drfwMuD;jzif. ar;jref;awmfrlaom pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD; wifavsmufcsufukd ..... ]ukd,fawmfjrwfukd tjrif.orD;awmfu emusifawmfrlí a,mif,rf;ukdufvkdufawmfrlonf. twGuf &ifbwfawmfaygufjyJoGm;&onfy pkMuD;&} ]o,f.... armifarmifbk&m; tvkdawmfukd qef.usefawmfrl½kHrQrubJ armifarmifbk&m;ukd temawmf&apwJ. onfoli,frukd tjypf'Pfay;awmfrlyg armifarmifbk&m;} ]pkpkMuD;&J. onf[mukdawm.jzif. tjypfay;&ef roif.avsmfaybl;? ol.crsmrSmvnf; armifarmifbk&m; jyKvkyfonf. emusifrIaMumif. aoG;vef.yD; a,mif&rf;ukdufcJ vkdufjcif;jzpfayrSmbJ pkpk&,f- onf;cHvkdufyg.} ]nukd armifarmifbk&m;tm; rnfuJ.okd. taysmfawmfquf&rnfukd oifMum;ay;xm;cJ.ygvsufueJ. onfES,fjyKrlayonfaMumif. xD;eJ. rwef eef;rqefvSonfbJ} ]cGif.vGwfawmfrlyg rrzk&m; zk&m; uRefrvnf; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tvkdvkduf tMudKufaqmifygonf/ rif;w&m;Mud;bk&m;jyLrlcsufrSm &SnfMumpGm vufcH&efrpGrf;omygojzif. owdawmfuif;uGmí rif;w&m;bk&m; bb&ifbwfawmfukd a,mif,rf;ikHcJ.rdygonfbk&m;} ]armifarmifbk&m;ukdbmaMumif. bb bk&m;vdk.ac : onfvJ eef;"av. twwfynm;rsm;ukd wwfajrmufatmif oifMum;ay;xm;yg&ufeJ. onfavmufxkdif;ygvQif xDeef;ESif.rwefyav}


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pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD;vnf; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;t0wfawmfrsm; jyefvnf0wfqifay;&if; tjrif.rif;orD;av;ukd qlylrmefrJaeygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; &ifbwf awmfrS ukdufcH&aom 'Pf&mrS aoG;rsm;ukd t0wfjzLpjzif. okwfoifay;aeygonf/ tjrif.orD;av;rSm rsufpdrsufESm ysufvsufESif. olr\ t0wftprsm;ukd jyefvnfqifjref;aeygonf/ ]armifarmifbk&m; temaygufuk orm;awmfOD;&Sif;ukd tyif.ckdif;acsrS oif.awmfrnfxifaMumif;ygbk&m;} ]tcsdefrawmfMuD; oGm;a&mufacsyif.avmufonf. temvnf; r[kwfaomfaMumif. pkd;&drfaESmif;vkd. aMumif.MuawmfrrlygeJ. pkpk&J. onfntwGuf qH0g;zwfrHíMuyfpD;xm;vQif jyD;Ekdifonfy pkpkiJ.} rif;w&m;MuD; rdef.awmfrl pum;Mum;onfESif. pdefwkH;rdzk&m;MuD;vnf; qefwqkyfavmuf,lckdif;&ef tjrif.orD;awmfav;bufvSnf.Munf.vkdufonfü tjrif.orD;awmfav;tm;rawG.&awm.yg pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD;vnf; Mumjcnf&H tjyifxGufí tysKdawmfMuD;rsm; &Sd&mokd. oGm;a&mufí qeftenf;i,frQ ,laqmifcJ.&efckdif;apvkdufygonf/ pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD; apckdif;vkdufonf. qef&&Sdojzif. qefwqkwfpmukd rdzk&m;MuD;udk,fawmfwkdif0g;í rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; temtkH&ef Mumjcnf&H twGif;0ifoGm;onfwGif tjrif.orD;awmfav;ukd,fwkdif rif;w&m;MuDlbk&m;tm; MuyfpD;ay;aeonfukd awG.&Sd&ygonf/ rdzk&m;MuD;tHMo[efjzif. Munf.aeonfukd jrifawmfrlonf. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf ]tjrif.orD;awmfav;u vdr®monfAs pkpkMuD;&J. olcrsm qefukd ,lvmawmfrljyD; ukd,fwkdif 0g;ítHkay;onfAs} ]rSefvSyg trkduftrJav;udkawm. qkH;ray;awmfrlrS oif.awmfrnfxifrdaMumif; a&Tem;awmfavsmufygonf bk&m;} pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD;u wifavQmufonfwGif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; jyHK;&,fawmfrl&if; ..... ]vkHcrav; vdr®ma&;jcm;&Sdvmap&ef armifawmfbk&m;ukd,fwkdif MudK;pm;&r,fAs/ onfta&;twGufpdwfav;aeawmfrlygeJ. pkpk&J.} ]armifMuD;bk&m;ay;vkdonf. tjypfawmfukd cH,l&ef toif.&SdaMumif;ygbk&m;} [k tjrif.rif;orD;av; avsufwifonfü rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; tjrif.orD;awmfav;em;okd.uyfí avoHjzif. wD;wdk;ajymvkdufonfukd pdefwkef;rdzk&m;MuD;jrifvkdufygonf/ rdzk&m;MuD;rsm;ypfvTwfvkdufaom rQm;csufonf rif;w&m;bk&m;tm; pl;0ifvkduf&onfukdawm. rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; od&Smrnfrxifyg/ okd.jzpíwHvQyfukd a&xifí a&ToriftvkdufrSm;awm.rnfukd MuH&mygrdzk&m; MuD;rsm; em;vnfoabmaygufMuygawm.onfwum;/ (6) eHeufnDvmcHobifokd. wufa&muf&efvmaom OD;a&TarmifMuD;rSm ta&S.awmfMuD;twGif; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;trdef.awmfjzif. qif.ac : awmfrlí a&muf&Sdvmaom orm;awmfMuD; OD;pH0if;ESif. OD;&Sif;wkd.ukd awG.&Sd&ygonf/ orm;awmfMuD;rsm;xH csOf;uyf pkHprf;aomfvnf; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; aq;awmfquf&ef vma&muf&rnfukd qif.ac : onf.twGuf tjrefvkdufygvmjcif; jzpfaMumif;rSwyg; tjcm;rod&í OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf;pOf;pm;rdygonf/ orm;awmfOD;&Sif;ESif. OD;pH0if;wkd.onf temaygufuk&mwGif ausmfMum;onf. orm;awmfMuD;rsm; jzpfMuygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;rnfokd.aom temawmf ayguf&avoenf;/ ,refae.nu nDvmcHwGif tcpm;0ifcJ.onf. tcsdefwkdifatmif aumif;rGefpGm usef;rmpGm &Sdaeayonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;


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temawmftwGuf aq;awmfquf&ef qif.ac : onfukdvnf; orm;awmfMuD;rsm;u ckdifrmpGm ajymMum;aeonf. twGuf rif;w&m;MuD; aq;awmfquf&ef 0ifa&mufMurnf. orm;awmfMuD;rsm;ESif.twl vkdufygMunf.&I&ef apmif.pm;aeygonf/ rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; eHeufyGJawmfpm; MujyD;aemuf orm;awmfMuD;rsm; aq;awmfquf&ef 0ifMuonfwGif OD;a&TarmifMuD;vnf; vkdufygoGm;cJ.ygonf/ aq;awmfqufMu&rnf. orm;awmfMuD;eSpfOD;vnf; rif;w&m;MuD;temawmfukd ppfaq;Munf.&IMuygonf/ temukd Munf.&IMuol orm;awmfMuD; ESpfOD;pvkH; wOD;rsufESm wOD;Munf.vsuf tH.MoaeMu[ef &Sdaomfvnf; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tm; rnfodk.rQ rwifavQmuf0ef.Mu rpl;prf;0ef.MubJ &Sdaeojzif. OD;a&TarmifMuD;uyif tvkdufodpGm Mum;rS0ií – ]rSefvSyg rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;? orm;awmfMuD;rsm;taejzif. temrod aq;r&Sd? temrykdif aq;rukdifESif. qkdpum;t& temjzpf&onf. Zpfjrpfukd odvkdMu[efwlaMumif;ygbk&m;} ][kwfayoAs? onftemu vlukdufonf. temaybJ orm;awmfMuD;rsm;Asm;? ,ref.ae.nOf.oef;acgif tcsdefu tukdufcH&jcif;y} OD;a&TarmifMuD;a&m orm;awmfMuD;rsm;yg tH.tm;oif.aeMuygonf/ qufvuf ar;jref;pkHprf;&efvnf; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; taejzif. ajzvkdrnfvnf; rxifrd/ ar;jref;&efuvnf; temjzpf&jcif; taMumif;t&mrSm jynf.pkHvkHavmufaejyDjzpfí jidrfoufpGm vkyfaqmifoif.onfukd qufvufvkyfaqmifaeMuygonf? temay : okd.aq;awmfwif t0wfpD;ay;MujyD; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tm; ajcawmfOD;ckdufí a&Smif&ef tpm? yGJawmfwnf&rnf. "gwfpmwkd.ukd wifavQmufí orm;awmfMuD;rsm; jyefvnf xGufcGmoGm;Muygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMuD;wa,mufxnf; usefae&pfavawm.rS rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;ukd OD;ckdufjyD;vQif- ]onftem rnfoljyKrlí rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; cHpm;&&Sdonfukd rdef.awmfrlyg? onfw&m;cHukd uRefawmfrsKd;MuD; ppfar; tjypfawmfrlygrnfbk&m;} rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;vnf; tjzpftysufrsm;ukd pOf;pm;rdonf.twGufyif jzpfrnfvm;rod jyHK;awmfrlygonf/ ¤if;aemuf avsmif;awmfrl&m ovGefanmifapmif;ab; a&Tuvyf ay : wGif wifxm;onf. orm;awmficJ qufocJ.onf. t*F0k'©d aq;awmfxnf.onf. pOf.bl;ukd vufndK;xkd;jyawmfrljyD; rdef.awmfrlvkdufonfrSm ..... ]eifta&;,l tjypfay;csifonfqkdy? icJaq;awmf[m w&m;cH tppftrSefyg?awmuf – rdpyfxH roGm;rDtcsdefu onfaq;awmfom pm;okH;xm;jyD;om; qkd&if iarmifMuD;&}

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