Keselamatan Kerja &

Behavior-Based Safety

Pengantar

• Ruang lingkup permasalahan– Statistik kecelakaan kerja (AS)

• Dampak finansial: 114 milyar dolar• 3,2 juta karyawan celaka (1993)• Lebih dari 9000 pekerja meninggal dunia (1993)• Prediksi

– 3,5 orang/1000 orang akan meninggal dunia karena kecelakaan terkait kerja

– Dampak finansial 780.000 USD/kematian.

– Statistik di Indonesia?

Penyebab Kecelakaan

• Dua kategori utama– Unsafe conditions– Unsafe acts

• Faktor teknologi– Rancangan, pengoperasian, perawatan, dll

• Human factors– Isu: Kenapa kecelakaan terjadi?– Faktor manusia dapat diperbaiki (untuk mencegah

kecelakaan)– Faktor ini dapat berkontribusi secara tidak langsung

atas unsafe conditions

Faktor Manusia

• Kecerdasan• Penglihatan• Koordinasi• Kepribadian (personality)• Kelelahan• Pengalaman• Risk acceptance

Psikologi Kecelakaan

• Konsep accident proneness– Berdasarkan sejumlah studi– Kesimpulan - masih kontroversial

• Teori Goals-Freedom-Alertness• Teori Adjustment-Stress• Behavior-Based Safety

Behavior Based Safety

• BBS– Claimed to be an effective approach to

preventing occupational injuries– Issues

• Responsibility on workers• Potentially abused by managers• Need for a more systematic approach• A potential alternative, though warrants further

studies

Behavior Based Safety

• Key concepts– Employee participations– Understanding why certain (safety) behavior is (or is

not) practiced– Can be used as a practical strategies for

• Obtaining objective evidence of at-risk behaviors• Defining barriers to safe behaviors• Teaching ways to substitute safe for at-risk behaviors• Holding people accountable to improve safe behaviors• Demonstrate utility of BBS procedures

Behavior Based Safety

• Basic BBS strategy– Watch language– Take advantage of the competence motive– Make feedback a positive experience– SMART goals– Elevate self- and response-efficacy– Sell outcome-expectancy with personal

testimony– Theory and principles before procedures

Behavior Based Safety

• BBS strategy– Use process measures of safety performance– Look beyond numbers– Build and maintain momentum

Conclusion

• Importance of understanding safety at workplaces

• Different potential approaches• Need to take into account

– Engineering factors– Human factors

• Behavior as a more recent approach to the personal aspects in improving safe acts