rancangan pengajaran tahunan bio form 4

8/13/2019 rancangan pengajaran tahunan bio form 4

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FIRST TERM : 03 JANUARY 23 MAY 2009 (20 weeks)

THEME : INTRODUCING BIOOGY

EARNING AREA : !"0 INTRODUCTION TO BIOOGY

#EE$ EARNING OBJECTI%ES SUGGESTED EARNING ACTI%ITIES EARNING OUTCOMES NOTES

1 1.1 Understanding the studyof Biology

Carry out small group discussion on thefollowing and present the findings:

a) What is the study of Biology?

b) The importance of Biology with respectto the study of liing things! enironment!interaction between liing things and the

enironment.

Construct a concept map based oninformation gathered on the different fields of

study and careers related to Biology.

"mall group discussion on the importance ofthe following :

a) #c$uiring scientific s%ills!b) "cientific method!c) &ractising scientific attitudes and noble

alues.

# student is able to :

"tate what the study ofBiology is!

'(plain the importanceof Biology!

ist the different fieldsof study in Biology

ist the careers related to

Biology!

"tate arious ways ofstudying Biology

T"T"

#ttributing

*enerating ideas

+oble ,alues

-aing an interest andcuriosity towards theenironment

ealising the science is ameans to understand

nature

#ppreciating the balanceof nature

T"T"

"e$uencing

*rouping / classifying elating

0a%ing inferences

0a%ing hypothesis

0a%ing conclision

+oble ,alues

Being systematic

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1. #pplying scientificinestigation

2bsere a situation and identify all theariables. "uggest a $uestion that is suitable

for a scientific inestigation. 3iscuss to :a) 4orm a hypothesis

b) &lan the method of inestigationincluding selection of apparatus andwor% procedures.

Carry out an e(periment :a) to collect and tabulate data!

b) present data in a suitable formc) interpret the data and draw the

conclusion!

d) write a complete report

Carry out an e(periment on the ma%ing of

bread using yeast in the absence andpresence of sugar. ecord the time ta%enfor the dough to double its si5e. 4or futherinestigations! salt is used. 3uringinestigations! highlight the need to

practice scientific attitudes and noble

# student is able to :

6dentify ariables in

a gien situation! 6dentify the

relationship betweentwo ariables to forma hypothesis!

3esign and carry outa simple e(perimentto test the hypothesis!

ecord and present

data in a suitableform!

6nterpret data to drawconclusions!

Write a report on an

e(periment

Being diligent /

perseering

Being cooperatie 3aring to try

Teaching #ids

Te(t boo%

C3 oms

+ews paper cutting

&amphlet

This actiity helps the teacherto assess students capabilitiesin carrying out a scientificinestigation

T"T" : #ttributing! *roupingand classifying! ma%ing

inferences! predicting!ma%ing hypotheses!

synthesi5ing! ma%inggenerali5ations! isuali5ing!

Teaching aids : te(t boo%!transparency! news papercutting! C3 &ro7ector!apparatus using in lab!internet

+oble ,alues :8 #ppreciating the


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alues such as honesty and accuracy inrecording and erifying the data. &ractice scientific

attitudes and noblealues.

contribution of science andtechnology

8 -aing an interest andcuriosity towards theenironment8 appreciating the balance ofnature

These attitudes and aluesshould be obsered for allinestigations in otherlearning areas.

THEME : INVESTIGATING THE CELL AS A BASIC UNIT OF LIVING THINGS

LEARNING AREA : 2.0 CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

WEEK LEARNING OBJECTIVES SUGGESTED LEARNING ACTIVITIES LEARNING OUTCOMES NOTES

2 2.1 Understanding cellstructure and function

Prepare and study slides to compare theepidermal cells of onion or cells of Hydrillaleaf with human cheek cells.

Observe, draw and label diagrams of ananimal cell and plant cell as seen througha light microscope.

A student is able to

draw and label an

animal cell,

draw and label a

plant cell,

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!

"tudy electron micrographs of animal cellsand plant cells to identify cellular

components of cell

#a$ plasma membrane and cell wall,

#b$ cytoplasm,

#c$ organelles

#i$ nucleus nucleolus,chromosomes,nucleoplasm and

nuclear membrane,#ii$ rough and smoothendoplasmic reticulum,

#iii$ mitochondria,#iv$ %olgi apparatus#v$ &ysosomes#vi$ 'ibosomes#vii$ (hloroplasts#viii$ (entrioles#i)$ *acuoles

+ork in small groups to match cellularcomponents to their functions.

"tudents present a comparison betweenthe structure of an animal cell and plantcell.

iscuss the relationship between thedensity of certain organelles with the

identify the cellular

component of an

animal cell,

identify the cellular

components of aplant cell

state the functions

of the cellularcomponents in ananimal cell,

state the functions

of the cellularcomponents in aplant cell


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function of specific cells

#a$ mitochondria with the function ofsperm cells, flight muscle cells ininsects and birds, cells in themeristems,

#b$ chloroplasts with the function ofpalisade cells.

compare and

contrast an animalcell and a plant cell

relate the density of

certain organelleswith the functions ofspecific cells.

-. 2.2 Understanding cellorganisation

Observe the living processes of unicellularorganisms such as feeding, locomotionand reproduction through computerisedanimation video microscope.

(arry out small group discussion on thefollowing and present the findings

#a$ cell specification in multicellularorganisms,

#b$ the necessity for cell speciali/ation

in multicellular organisms.#c$ (ell organisation in the formation of

tissues, organs and systems inhumans, animals and plants.

(onstruct models of tissues, organs andsystems in human, animals and plants.


"tate the necessity

for cellspecialisation inmulticellularorganism ascompared tounicellularorganism,

escribe cell

speciali/ation inmulticellularorganisms,

escribe cell

organisation in theformation oftissues, organs andsystems in

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(onduct a discussion on the following #a$ the meaning of internal

environment,#b$ factors affecting the internal

environment including temperature,p0, osmotic pressure and glucoselevel.

#c$ t is important that the organismscells always e)perience conditionswhich permit efficient functioning,

#d$ he involvement of varioussystems in maintaining optimalinternal environment.

multicellularorganisms,

"tate the meaning

of internalenvironment,

dentify factors

affecting theinternalenvironment,

3)plain the

necessity tomaintain optimal

internalenvironment,escribe theinvolvement ofvarious systems inmaintaining optimalinternalenvironment.

A simple e)planation.

!.! Appreciating theuni4ueness of the cell

iscuss and predict the cell conditionwithout a particular cellular component.

(onduct a role play activity to show thatcells become adapted for differentfunctions.


Predict the state of

certain cells without

a particular cellularcomponent,

llustrate that most

cells speciali/ed forthe 5ob that theyperform.


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WEEK LEARNING OBJECTIVE SUGGESTED LEARNINGACTIVITIES

LEARNINGOUTCOMES

NOTES

plant # active transport$

:. (onstruct a concept map by usinga graphic organi/er to show themovement of substances acrossthe plasma membrane.

;. Use a graphic organi/er tocompare and contrast passivetransport and active transport

using e)amples.

e. (ompare andcontrast passivetransport and activetransport

8

9

CHINESE NE# YEAR HOIDAY

TEST !

(!!"02 !&"02"200')

: !.2Understanding themovement of substancesacross the plasma

membrane in everydaylife

1. (arry out activities to study theeffect of hypotonic and hypertonicsolutions on plant and animal cellsa. plasmolysis and deplasmolysis

in plant cells.b. 0aemolysis and crenation in

red blood cells.2. iscuss

a. hypotonic, hypertonic andisotonic solution

b. plasmolysis , deplasmolysis,haemolysis and crenation


a. e)plain whathypotonic, hypertonic

and isotonic solutionsare

b. e)plain the effect ofhypotonic, hypertonicand isotonic solutionson plant cell andanimal cell.

The use of human bloodis discourage


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LEARNINGOUTCOMES

NOTES

c. flaccidity and turgidity of plant

cells.

!. (arry out an investigation usingvarious concentration of salt orsugar solution to determine theconcentration of e)ternal solutionwhich is isotonic to the cell sap ofplant tissues.

-. iscuss and make an inference onthe concentration of cell sap inplant tissues which is e4uivalent tothe concentration of isotonicsolution.

6. iscuss and correlate themovement of substances acrossthe plasma membrane with thedifference in concentration of thee)ternal solution and that of the cell

sap.

8. iscussa. wilting of plants caused by the

e)cessive use of chemicalfertilisers

b. preservation of food using saltor sugar

c. e)plain plasmolysis,

deplasmolysis,heamolysis andcrenation.

d. design an e)perimentto determine theconcentration ofe)ternal solutionswhich is isotonic tocell sap.

e. make an inferenceon the concentrationof cell sap in planttissues.

f. 'elate the movementof substances acrossplasma membranewith concentrationgradient.

g. 3)plain thephenomenon ofwilting in plants usinge)amples.

h. 3)plain the

The concentration of theexternal solution whichis isotonic to the cell sapis determined from theplotted graph

Discussion shoud bebased on the conceptsof osmosis andplasmolysis

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LEARNINGOUTCOMES

NOTES

preservation of food

using e)amples

!.!Appreciating themovement of substancesacross the plasmamembrane

1. (ompose poem to appreciate themovement of substances acrossthe plasma membrane.


a. e)plain the necessityof movement ofsubstances across theplasma membrane whichis occur in a continuousand controlled mannerfor survival of a cell.

LEARNING AREA : 4.0 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL


; -.1 Understanding thechemical compositionof the cell


a$ elements in the cell, includingcarbon, hydrogen, o)ygen, nitrogen,

sulphur, phosphorus, calcium,potassium, magnesium, chlorine,sodium and ferum,

b$ the presence and importance ofchemical compounds in the cell.


state the elements in

the cell,

list the chemical

compounds in thecell,

e)plain the

importance of

(hemical compounds in thecell are limited tocarbohydrates, lipids,proteins, nucleic acids andwater only.

A brief account on theimportance ofcarbohydrates, lipids,proteins and nucleic acids sre4uired.

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-.2 Understandingcarbohydrates

-.! Understanding proteins

(arry out small group discussion on thefollowing and present the findingsa$ elements in carbohydratesb$types of carbohydrates, i.e.

monosaccharides, disaccharides andpolisaccharides, using e)amples,

c$ the formation and breakdown ofdisaccharides, such as maltose, sucroseand lactose,

d$ the formation and breakdown ofpolysaccharides, such as starch,glycogen and cellulose.

(onduct an activity to differentiatebetween reducing and non7reducingsugars.


a$ elements in protein, such as carbon,hydrogen, o)ygen, sulphur nitrogen andphosphorus,

b$ dipeptides and polypeptides,

organic compoundsin the cell,

e)plain theimportance of waterin the cell.



carbohydrates,

state the types of

carbohydrates,

e)plain the formation

and breakdown ofdisaccharides andpolysaccharides,



proteins,

state the various

structures of

A detailed molecularstructure is not re4uired.

A brief account ofcondensation and hydrolysis

reactions is re4uired.

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-.- Understanding lipids

c$ the formation and breakdown of

dipeptides and polypeptides,

d$ essential amino acids and non7essentials amino acids.

Use charts to illustrate the various proteinstructures, i.e. primary, secondary, tertiaryand 4uartenary.

&ist the main types of lipids

a$ fat,b$ oil,c$ wa),d$ phospholipids,e$ steroids, such as cholesterol,

testosterone,oestrogen andprogesterone.

(arry out small group discussion on thefollowing and present the findingsa$ elements in lipids,b$ components of fats and oils,c$ formation and breakdown of fats and oils

proteins,


and breakdown ofdipeptides andpolypeptides,

e)plain the meaning

of essential aminoacids and non7essential aminoacids.


state the elements inlipids,

state the main types

of lipids


state the

components of fatsand oils,


and breakdown offats and oils,

compare and

contrast saturated

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Use a graphic organi/er to comparesaturated fats and unsaturated fats.

fats and unsaturatedfats

; -.6 Understanding en/ymes iscuss on the following a$ what en/ymes are,b$ en/yme re4uirement in the living

process,c$ general characteristics of en/yme,d$ naming of en/yme based on the

substrate,e$ sites of en/yme synthesis,

f$ intracellular and e)tracellularen/ymes and e)amples,

(onduct a role7play activity to show theinvolvement of ribosomes, endoplasmicreticulum and %olgi body in the production


state what en/ymes

are,

e)plain why

en/ymes areneeded in lifeprocesses,

list the generalcharacteristics ofen/ymes,

relate the name of

en/yme to substrate,

state sites where

en/ymes aresynthesi/ed,

state the meaning of

intracellular ande)tracellularen/ymes,

e)plain the

involvement ofspecific organelles inthe production of

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of e)tracellular en/ymes.

(onduct e)periments to study the effects ofp0 and temperature on the activities ofamylase and pepsin.

iscuss the effects of en/yme substrateconcentration on en/yme activity.

iscuss the mechanism of en/yme action

using the


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en/ymes in the cell.

FIRST TERM SCHOO HOIDAY 0'"03" !"03"200'

THEME : INVESTIGATING THE CELL AS A BASIC UNIT OF LIVING THINGSLEARNING AREA : 5. CELL DIVISION


11 6.1 Understanding mitosis (onduct a brainstorming session on thefollowing

a$ the need for production of new cells inorganisms,b$ the need for production of new cells

identical to parent cells

erive the meaning and significance ofmitosis from the brainstorming session.

"tudy charts to identify the various of thecell cycle.

?ake models to demonstrate mitosis andcytokinesis.

Prepare and observe a slide of onion roottip to identify different stages of mitosis.

"tudy the process of controlled anduncontrolled mitosis and cytokinesisthrough simulation, computeri/ed,animation or video.


"tate the necessity

for the production ofnew cells inorganisms

3)plain thenecessity for theproduction of newcells identical toparent cells,

"tate the

significance ofmitosis,

dentify the phases

in the cell cycle ,

3)plain the process

of mitosis andcytokinesis,

Arrange the various

stages of mitosis inthe correctse4uence,

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chromosomes duringmitosis and meiosis.

b$ avoid radioactive and carcinogenic substances.

describe what will

happen when the

movement ofchromosomesduring mitosis andmeiosis do notoccur in an orderlymanner.

@now and avoid

things that maybeharmful.

Th! : I"#$%&'(%&"' Th Ph)$&*+*') O, L&"' Th&"'

L(-"&"' A-( : .0 N/%-&%&*"

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1! 8.1Understanding types ofnutrition

Observe and identify types of nutrition invarious organism.

iscuss autotrophic and heterotrophicnutrition with reference tochemosynthesis, photosynthesis, holo/oic

nutrition, saprophytism, and paratism.

Use a graphic organi/er to show thetypes of nutrition.

(onduct an activity to classify variousorganisms according to types of nutrition.


"tate the types of

nutrition,

3)plain autotrophic

nutrition, 3)plain heterotrophic

nutrition,

(lassify organisms

according to the typesof nutrition

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1!716 8.2Applying the concept ofbalanced diet

(arry out small group discussion on thefollowing and present the findinga$ re4uirements of a balanced dietb$ factors affecting the daily energy

re4uirement such as age, se), bodyweight and occupation.

(onduct an activity to determine theenergy value in food samples.

esign activities to test for the presenceof starch, reducing sugar, non7reducingsugar, protein and lipid in food samples.

(onduct an e)periment to determine thevitamin ( content in various fruit 5uices

?atch the vitamins , minerals androughage with their sources, functionsand effects of deficiency

iscuss the sources and functions ofwater in the body

Dormulate and 5ustify an appropriate dietmenu for pregnant mother ,infants,children, teenagers, athletes, people withspecific diseases, the aged and


e)plain the necessity

for a balanced diet

e)plain the factors

affecting the dailyenergy re4uirement

etermine the energy

value,

etermine the

nutrient content infood samples

e)plain the functions

and sources ofvitamins, minerals ,

roughage in a diet tomaintain health

e)plain the functions

of water in the body

5ustify the selection of

an appropriatebalanced diet for a

he unit for energy used isCoule

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vegetarians target group

16 8.!Understanding malnutrition

%roup discussion and presentation on thefollowinga$ meaning of malnutritionb$ effects of deficiency in proteins,

vitamins, minerals on healthc$ effects of e)cessive intake of

carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins andminerals

d$ effects of diet with low saturated fatson cardiovascular disease

e$ ways to reduce the risk of high bloodpressure, diabetes mellitus andosteoporosis


e)plain wha

malnutrition is

e)plain the effects of

malnutrition

describe ways to

reduce certain heathproblems due to one=s

diet

18 8.-Analy/ing food digestion

iscuss the following a$ glucose, amino acids and lipids are

re4uired to carry out metabolicprocesses

b$ comple)ed substances need to bedigested

raw and label parts of the humandigestive system

iscuss the functions of digestive 5uicesand other substances that aid the process


state the substances

that are re4uired tocarry out metabolicprocesses

list the comple)

substances that need

to be digested e)plain the necessity to

digest comple)substances

draw and label the

human digestivesystem

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of digestion

iscuss the digestion of food on thefollowing aspects location, chewing andmovement of food, glands involved,en/ymes, p0, substrates and products

dentify the parts of digestive system anddigestion of cellulose in ruminants androdents

(ompare and contrast the process ofcellulose digestion in humans, ruminantsand rodents

Plan and conduct e)periments to studyen/ymes actions on starch and protein

iscuss problems related to fooddigestiona$ incomplete digestionb$ bile stonec$ reduced production of specif ic

digestive en/yme

state and describe the

digestive 5uices and

substances involved inhuman digestivesystem

e)plain the digestion of

carbohydrates,proteins and lipids

identify and describe

the digestion ofcellulose in ruminants

and rodents compare and contrast

the digestiveprocesses in human,ruminants and rodens

design e)periments to

study the digestion ofstarch and proteins

describe problems

related to fooddigestion

19 8.6Understanding theprocesses of absorptionand assimilation ofdigested food

3)amine models or diagrams of thedigestive system and cross7section of thesmall intestine.

Using models or diagrams to discussa$ adaptation of the small intestine


identify the parts of

digestive system

e)plain the adaptive

characteristic of the


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b$ absorption process of digested food inthe villus

(arry out an activity to study themovement of substances through the*isking tubing(orrelate the movement of substancesthrough the *isking tubing with nutrientabsorption in the small intestineiscuss the absorption of water andminerals in the colon

Using diagrams, charts or computeri/edanimation discussa$ the transport of amino acid, glucose,

water soluble vitamins minerals bycirculatory system

i$ from small intestine to l iver throughthe hepatic portal vein

ii$ from liver to body cellb$ transport of lipids and fat soluble

vitamins?ake a schematic diagram to show thetransport of nutrients from the intestine tothe body cells.iscuss the function of liver

digestive systemrelated to absorption

draw and label the

structure of the villus

e)plain the process of

absorption in the villus

make an analogy on

the process ofabsorption in the smallintestine

e)plain the absorptionof water and mineralsin the colon

describe the transport

of nutrients bycirculatory system forassimilation

e)plain the main

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a$ storage of nutrientsb$ processing the products of digestioni.e. e)cess glucose and amino acidc$ deto)ification

iscuss the process of assimilation

functions of the liver

describe the process of

assimilation

8.8Understanding theformation of feaces anddefecation

dentify the colon and rectum in thedigestive system

iscussa$ the formation of feaces

b$ the role of microbs in the colonc$ effects of antibiotics on the microbs inthe colon

d$ what defecation ise$ the importance of defecationf$ importance of high fiber dietsg$ defecation related problem i.e.

constipation, colon cancer andhemorrhoids


identify the part where

the formation of feacestakes place

describe the formation

of feaces

e)plain the role ofmicrobs and the effectof antibiotics on them

e)plain what defecation

is

e)plain the importance

of defecation and highfibre diets

describe the problems

related to defecation

1:7 2> MID YEAR EAMINATION 200' (!2 22 MAY 200'(!0 DAYS)

MID YEAR SCHOO HOIDAY

2*MAY 0' JUNE 200'

(! DAYS)

SECOND TERMS : !9 JUNE !* NO%EMBER 200+ (22 #EE$S)


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1 8.93valuating eating habits

iscussa$ relationship between eating habits

and health problems such as gastritis,obesity, anore)ia nervosa, bulimia

b$ evaluate the nutrient contents basedon food labels or advertisements

c$ evaluate the eating habits ofclassmate


relate eating habits

with health problems

evaluate critically

whether a particulareating habit is good orbad

3ating habits involve thefre4uency and time ofeating and the type of foodconsumed

2 8.: 'eali/ing theimportance of healthydigestive system

(onduct an of a defective the digestivesystem.

(onduct a discussion on ways to take

care of the digestive system, such asgood eating habits, avoid 5unk food, try tocut down on sweet and fatty foods.


Predict the effects of

defective digestive

system on health, ake care of the

digestive system forone=s well7being.

28.; Understanding theimportance ofmacronutrients andmicronutrients in plants


a$ the elements re4uired by plants,b$ classify the elements re4uired by

plants based on the amount needed#i$ macronutrients consisting of carbon,hydrogen, o)ygen, nitrogen, phosphorus,potassium, calcium, magnesium, andsulphur,#ii$ micronutrients consisting of boron,molybdenum, /inc, manganese, copperand ferum.


&ist elements re4uired

by plants,

(lassify elements

re4uired by plantsbased on the amountneeded,

?ai/e seedlings may beused for this e)periment.

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Plan and conduct and e)periment onplants to study the effects ofmacronutrient deficiency i.e. nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium, calcium,magnesium, and sulphur.

iscuss and correlate the effects ofmacronutrients deficiency with thefunction of the macronutrient based onthe results of the e)periment.

(ollects and interpret data from varioussource such as nternet on the function ofeach macronutrient in plants.

iscuss the function of micronutrients andeffects of micronutrient deficiency inplants.

esign an e)periment

to study the effects ofmacronutrientdeficiency in plants,

'elate the effects of

macronutrient

deficiency with thefunction ofmacronutrients,

3)plain the function of

each macronutrient inplants,

"tate the function of

micronutrients inplants,

"tate the effects ofmicronutrientdeficiency in plants,

! 8.1>Understandingphotosynthesis

"tudents read about the discovery ofphotosynthesis and e)tract importantfacts from it.


escribe the

development that leads

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