produktivitas kerbau rawa di kecamatan muara muntai, kabupaten kutai kartanegara, kalimantan timur

7/31/2019 PRODUKTIVITAS KERBAU RAWA DI KECAMATAN MUARA MUNTAI, KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR

1/70

SRKJWDZM\MZNU DGRBNW RNQN JM DGENINZNF IWNRN

IWFZNM DNBWSNZGF DWZNM DNRZNFGANRN

DNHMINFZNF ZMIWR

UDRMSUM

INRMN HMZN

JGSNRZGIGF MHIW SRKJWDUM JNF ZGDFKHKAM SGZGRFNDNF

LNDWHZNU SGZGRFNDNF

MFUZMZWZ SGRZNFMNF BKAKR

233=


2/70



DNHMINFZNF ZMIWR

Khg`

INRMN HMZN

J>:372


3/70



DNHMINFZNF ZMIWR

INRMN HMZN

Jh:372


4/70

RMFADNUNF

INRMN HMZN& J>:372=1:-& Dgrbnw igiswf}nm sgrugfznug dnrdnu }nfa rghnzml zmfaam }nmzw :3):1'

(Drmuzmnfzk 23321 da jnf jgqnun wiwr 5)>3 zn`wf njnhn` 51207 `nrm& Bgrn`m jnf

dkfugsum sgrznin rnzn)rnzn zgronjm snjn wiwr 20 zn`wf jgfanf hnin dgbwfzmfanf >

zn`wf& Nfadn dghn`mrnf jnf enhl erks dgrbnw }nmzw 17' jnf 1 bwhnf& Ugr|meg sgr ekfegszmkf

(U+E- jnf nfadn dgbwfzmfanf zmjnd jmdgzn`wm dnrgfn dgrbnw jm Iwnrn Iwfznm zmjnd

igfaawfndnf mfugimfnum bwnznf (MB- jnf dnqmf nhni zmjnd zgrdkfzrkh khg` sgzgrfnd&

Srkusgd sgfagibnfanf dgrbnw jm Iwnrn Iwfznm jmnfnhmumu jgfanf

igfaawfndnf nfnhmumu Uzrgfaz`u( Qgndfguugu( Ksskrzwfmzmgu( jnf Z`rgnzu (UQKZ-

}nfa jmzmfonw jnrm nusgd mfzgrfnh jnf gduzgrfnh& Nusgd mfzgrfnh ighmswzm ugam zgrfndhn`nf uwibgr jn}n nhni zgfnan dgron dghgibnannf jnf umuzgi sgighm`nrnnf

ugjnfadnf nusgd gduzgrfnh ighmswzm mdhmi sgrimfznnf `nran sgrunmfanf ukumnh

bwjn}n ugrzn gdkfkim inu}nrndnz& Rwiwunf uzrnzgam sgfagibnfanf wun`n

sgzgrfndnf bgrjnunrdnf `numh nfnhmumu UQKZ }nmzw igfgdnf zmfadnz dginzmnf nfnd

(ikrznhmznu- sgfmfadnznf srkjwdzm|mznu `monwnf indnfnf zgrfnd (@IZ- }nfa

bgrdwnhmznu zmfaam jnf bgrdgumfnibwfanf igfmfadnzdnf bkbkz skzkfa zgrfnd dgrbnw

sgrbnmdnf nusgd rgsrkjwdum jnf igfgznsdnf sgrnzwrnf jngrn` zgfznfa sghnrnfanf

sgfaghwnrnf jnf sgikzkfanf bmbmz zgrfnd dgrbnw&

Dnzn)dnzn dwfem? dgrbnw rnqn jnf srkjwdzm|mznu


5/70

NBUZRNEZ

Srkjwezm|mz} kl Uqnis Bwllnhk mf Iwnrn Iwfznm Uwbjmuzrme Dwznm

Dnrznfganrn Rgagfe} Gnuz Dnhminfznf

Hmzn I& Dkinrmn` nfj Dnrzmnruk

Z`g swrskug kl z`mu rgugne` qnu zk mf|guzmanzg srkjwezm|mz} kl uqnis bwllnhk mf

Swhnw @nrnsnf \mhhnag& Z`g rgugne` qnu ekfjwezgj lrki Lgbrwnr} zk In} 233= mf

Iwnrn Iwfznm Uwbjmuzrme Dwznm Dnrznfganrn Rgagfe} Gnuz Dnhminfznf& Z`g fwibgr

kl kbugr|nzmkf qgrg >< bwllnhkgu (bwhh jni inhg nfj lginhg enh|gu : gne`-& Z`g

rguwhzu qgrg nu lkhhkq? z`g rnzmk bgzqggf inhg nfj lginhg qnu >?:4 lmruz kguzrwu qnu

nz 2&< }gnru kl nag qmz` z`g n|grnag jwrnzmkf kl `gnz nbkwz 0 jn}u nfj z`g kguzrkwu

e}ehg nbkwz >0&7 jn}u& Z`g lmruz ekfegszmkf keewrgj nz 2&0 }gnru qmz` z`g aguznzmkf

sgrmkj nbkwz M }gnr& Bmrz` rnzg nfj enhl erks qgrg rghnzm|gh} `ma`? 17' nfj &1 ikfz`u kl

nag& Ugr|meg sgr ekfegszmkf nfj ekfegszmkf rnzg qgrg fkz dfkqf bgenwug z`g bwllnhkjkgu fkz wug nrzmlmemnh mfugimfnzmkf nfj fnzwrnh inzmfa qnu fkz ekfzrkhhgj b} brggjgr&

Nf n|grnag bkj} qgma`z kl enh|gu nz 3 zk 2: ikfz`u qgrg 23>&700>&21 dau nfj

njwhz bwllnhkgu nz 5)>3 }gnru qgrg 512&


6/70

RMQN]NZ @MJWS

Sgfwhmu jmhn`mrdnf snjn znfaanh 30 Igm >=01 jm Dghwrn`nf On`nb Dgeninznf

Zgfaanrkfa Dwznm Dnrznfganrn& Sgfwhmu igrwsndnf nfnd dgzman jnrm jghnsnf

bgrunwjnrn jnrm snunfanf Bnsnd Inrz`gf Bnrrwfa jnf Mbw Hmfn Rnfzg& Sgfjmjmdnf

jnunr jmzgisw` jm UJF 35: On`nb snjn zn`wf (>==5)>===-& Sgfwhmu igf}ghgunmdnf

ugdkhn` hnfowznf zmfadnz sgrznin snjn zn`wf 2332 jm UHZSF 5 Hkn Dwhw lmhmnh On`nb

dgiwjmnf jmhnfowzdnf dg UIW Fgagrm 2 Zgfaanrkfa jnf hwhwu snjn zn`wf 2337&

Sgfwhmu jmzgrmin jm Mfuzmzwz Sgrznfmnf Bkakr (MSB- ighnhwm onhwr BWJ (Bgnumuqn

Wzwunf Jngrn`- snjn zn`wf 2337& Sgfwhmu zgrjnlznr ugbnanm in`numuqn Jgsnrzgigf

hhiw Srkjwdum jnf Zgdfkhkam Sgzgrfndnf Mfuzmzwz Sgrznfmnf Bkakr umuzgi in}kr

imfkr zn`wf 233


7/70

DNZN SGFANFZNR

Swom jnf u}wdwr un}n snfonzdnf dgsnjn Zw`nf ]guwu Drmuzwu nznu dnum` jnf

dnrwfmn)F}n Sgfwhmu jnsnz igf}ghgunmdnf udrmsum }nfa bgrowjwh "Srkjwdzm|mznu

Dgrbnw Rnqn jm Dgeninznf Iwnrn Iwfznm Dnbwsnzgf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn

Dnhminfznf Zmiwr!!& Udrmsum mfm igrwsndnf unhn` unzw u}nrnz wfzwd igisgrkhg` aghnr

Unronfn Sgzgrfndnf snjn Jgsnrzgigf Mhiw Srkjwdum jnf Zgdfkhkam Sgzgrfndnf

Lndwhznu Sgzgrfndnf Mfuzmzwz Sgrznfmnf Bkakr&

Srkjwdzm|mznu zgrfnd dgrbnw jnsnz jmzmfonw jnrm ugam rgsrkjwdum jnf srkjwdum&

Rgfjn`f}n skswhnum igrwsndnf mfjmdnzkr rgfjn`f}n srkjwdzm|mznu zgrfnd&

Srkjwdzm|mznu }nfa rgfjn` jnsnz jmugbnbdnf khg` bgrbnanm dgfjnhn jnhni infnogigf

sgighm`nrnnf bmbmz (brggjmfa- jnf sndnf (lggjmfa- ug`mfaan sgrhw jmhndwdnf dnomnf

igfagfnm srkjwdzm|mznu jnf nfnhmumu wun`n sgzgrfndnf sgrhw jmhndwdnf ugenrn

igfjnhni jnhni rnfadn igfmfadnzdnf jnf igfagibnfadnf sgzgrfndnf&

Sgfwhmu igf}njnrm bn`qn jnhni sgfwhmunf mfm inum` bnf}nd dgdwrnfanff}n&

Znd njn anjmfa }nfa znd rgznd jnf infwumn sgfw` jgfanf dghgin`nf bgamzwswf

jgfanf udrmsum mfm }nfa inum` onw` jnrm ugiswrfn& Sgfwhmu igfa`nrnsdnf drmzmd jnf

unrnf }nfa igibnfawf jnrm ugiwn sm`nd jgim sgrbnmdnf udrmsum mfm jm inun }nfa

ndnf jnznfa& Sgfwhmu bgr`nrns nanr udrmsum mfm zmjnd `nf}n ugbnanm sghgfadns jm

sgrswuzndnnf zgznsm hgbm` jnrm mzw jnsnz igibgrmdnf inflnnz dgsnjn sm`nd)sm`nd

}nfa igibwzw`dnf& Ugikan Zw`nf ughnhw ighmisn`dnf bgrdnz jnf dnum` dnrwfmn)

F}n dgsnjn dmzn ugiwn&

Bkakr Ugszgibgr 233=

Sgfwhmu


8/70

JNLZNR MUM

@nhninf

RMFADNUNF&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& m

NBUZRNEZ&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& mm

RMQN]NZ @MJWS &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& mmm

DNZN SGFANFZNR&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& m|

JNLZNR MUM&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& |

JNLZNR ZNBGH&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& |m

JNLZNR ANIBNR&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& |mm

JNLZNR HNISMRNF&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& |mmm

SGFJN@WHWNF &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >

Hnznr Bghndnfa &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >

Zwownf Sgfghmzmnf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2

Inflnnz Sgfghmzmnf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2

ZMFONWNF SWUZNDN &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 5

Dgrbnw Rnqn &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 5

Srkjwdzm|mznu Zgrfnd &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& :

Rgsrkjwdum &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 7Swbgrznu &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 7

Umdhwu Bgrn`m jnf Hnin Bgrn`m &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 3

Inzgrm &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >3

Nfnhmumu Jnzn &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >3

Sgwbn` &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >>

Srkugjwr&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >>

@NUMH JNF SGIBN@NUNF &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >2

Dgnjnnf Wiwi Hkdnum Sgfghmzmnf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >2

Hkdnum jnf Zkskarnlm&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >2


9/70

Dgnjnnf Mdhmi &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >5

Skswhnum jnf Dgsgimhmdnf Dgrbnw&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >5

Dnrndzgrmuzmd Sgzgrfnd jm Hkdnum Sgfghmzmnf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >0

Znznhndunfn Bwjmjn}n Zgrfnd Dgrbnw &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >=Sgighm`nrnnf Zgrfnd &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >=

Sgrdnfjnfanf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2>

Sgrnhnznf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 22

Sndnf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 25

Zgfnan Dgron&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 27

Sgfnfanfnf Dgug`nznf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 27

Sginunrnf Zgrfnd&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 275& Ugbnrnf Wiwr Sgzgrfnd Dgrbnw jm Jgun Swhnw @nrnsnf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >17& Onjqnh Dgamnznf @nrmnf Bgzgrfnd Dgrbnw jm Jgun Swhnw @nrnsnf&&&&& >==& Fmhnm Rnznnf Wdwrnf Zwbw` Dgrbnw Iwnrn Iwfznm &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 52>3& Inzrmdu Nfnhmumu UQKZ&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 5:


11/70

JNLZNR ANIBNR

Fkikr @nhninf

>& Dgrbnw Rnqn jnhni Dnhnfa&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& >0

2& Dgrbnw Zwrwf jnrm Dnhnfa (n-4 Dgrbnw Muzmrn`nz (b-&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 23

5& Sgfnfjnnf jgfanfGnr Fkze`mfa &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2>

:& Dnhnfa (n-4 Ugdnz)ugdnz jnhni Dnhnfa (b- &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2>

7& Rwiswz Dwisnm (@}igfne`fg nishgpmenwhmu (Rwjag- Fggu-&&&&&&&&&&&&& 25


12/70

JNLZNR HNISMRNF

Fkikr @nhninf

>& Hkdnum Dgeninznf Iwnrn Iwfznm &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& :1

2& Skswhnum Zgrfnd jm Dnbwsnzgf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& :0

5& Srkjwdum Jnamfa Zgrfnd jm Dnbwsnzgf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& :=

:& Zkznh Sgikzkfanf Zgrfnd jm Dnbwsnzgf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn &&&&&&&&&&&&&& 73

7& Dkfuwium Jnamfa jm Dnbwsnzgf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 7>


13/70

SGFJN@WHWNF

Hnznr Bghndnfa

Dgrbnw rnqn (Bwbnhwu bwbnhmu Hmff&- igrwsndnf unhn` unzw dkikjmznu

sgzgrfndnf }nfa skzgfumnh jnhnrf `nh sgf}gjmnnf jnamfa dnrgfn snjn dkfjmum sndnf

bgrdwnhmznu rgfjn` inisw igfegrfn ugrnz dnunr hgbm` bnmd jnrm zgrfnd unsm (Ekedrmhh

>=1:-& Dgrbnw owan igiswf}nm sgrugfznug dnrdnu }nfa rghnzml zmfaam }nmzw :3):1'

(Drmuzmnfzk 2337 gdkr (2337- 2&3:5 gdkr

(233:= gdkr (2331- ugjnfadnf dkfuwium jnamfa dgrbnw ugbnf}nd >7&=7=

da (Jmfnu Sgzgrfndnf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn 2330- ug`mfaan sgrhw jmhndwdnf bgrbnanm

enrn wfzwd igfmfadnzdnf skswhnum zgrfnd dgrbnw zgrugbwz& Bgbgrnsn lndzkr sgf}gbnb

rgfjn`f}n skswhnum dgrbnw jm Mfjkfgumn snjn wiwif}n njnhn` dgzgrbnznunf bmbmz

wfaawh iwzw sndnf rgfjn` sgrdnqmfnf umhnfa jnhni jnf dwrnfaf}n sgfagzn`wnf

sgzgrfnd jnhni igfnfanfm srkjwdum jnf rgsrkjwdum zgrfnd zgrugbwz&

Zn`wf 2332 dkfuwium jnamfa sgr dnsmzn sgr zn`wf ugbgunr 717 da (ugdmznr >&>23 zkf jnamfa n}ni >17 zkf jnf jnamfa dgrbnw 21&2>2 zkf& Sgrznibn`nf

sgfjwjwd ndnf igfmfadnzdnf sgrimfznnf jnamfa& Dgbwzw`nf jnamfa d`wuwuf}n

jnamfa dgrbnw ndnf igfmfadnz snjn zn`wf 233= (2=&033 zkf- jnf zn`wf 23>3 (52&733

zkf- jnf skswhnum }nfa `nrwu zgrugjmn wfzwd igigfw`m dgbwzw`nf zgrugbwz njnhn`

2&2>3&51< gdkr (233=- jnf 2&252&:03 gdkr (23>3- (Jgsznf 2330-& Dgugfonfanf }nfa


14/70


15/70

ZMFONWNF SWUZNDN

Dgrbnw Rnqn

Dgrbnw njnhn` `gqnf rwimfnfumn jnrm uwb lnimhm Bk|mfng }nfa bgrdgibnfa

jm bnf}nd bnamnf jwfmn jnf jmjwan bgrnunh jnrm jngrn` Mfjmn& Dgrbnw jkiguzmdnum

nznw qnzgr bwlnhhk }nfa njn snjn unnz mfm bgrnunh jnrm usgumguBwbnhwu nrfgg& Usgumgu

dgrbnw hnmff}n }nfa inum` hmnr njnhn`B& imfjkrgfumu( B& jgsrguumekrfmu jnfB& enlgr

(@numfn` jnf @nfjmqmrnqnf 233=1>- ugbnanm bgrmdwz&

Dmfajki ? Nfminhmn

Dghnu ? Ininhmn

Uwb)dghnu ? Wfawhnzn

Krjk ? Nrzmkjnez}hn

Uwb)krjk ? Rwimfnfumn

Lnimhm ? Bk|mjng

Agfwu ? Bwbnhwu

Usgumgu ?Bwbnhwu bwbnhmu Hmff&

Dgrbnw (Bwbnhwu bwbnhmu Hmff&- njnhn` rwimfnfumn bgunr }nfa igiswf}nm

skzgfum zmfaam jnhni sgf}gjmnnf jnamfa& Dgrbnw igrwsndnf zgrfnd nuhm jngrn` snfnu

jnf hgibnb d`wuwuf}n jngrn` bghn`nf wznrn zrksmdn (Jgsznf 2330-& Dgrbnw jmzmfonw

jnrm `nbmznzf}n jmakhkfadnf jnhni jwn zmsg }nmzw? uqnis bwlnhhk jnf rm|gr bwlnhhk&

Uqnis bwllnhk (dgrbnw rnqn- zmsg `nbmznzf}n njnhn` nrgn jngrn` rnqn }nfa zgisnz

bgrdwbnfaf}n jm hwiswr ugjnfadnf rm|gr bwllnhk (dgrbnw uwfanm- igfgzns jm jngrn`

bnun` jnf hgbm` uwdn bgrgfnfa jm uwfanm nznw dkhni }nfa jnunrf}n dgrnu& Dgrbnw

uwfanm wiwif}n zmsg dgrbnw sgfa`numh uwuw ugjnfadnf dgrbnw rnqn igrwsndnf zmsg

sgfa`numh jnamfa (Ln`miwjjmf >=17-&

Mfjkfgumn igiswf}nm bgrbnanm bnfaun dgrbnw }nfa dnrgfn hnin zgrsmun` jnrm

zgisnz nunhf}n dgiwjmnf bgrnjnsznum jgfanf hmfadwfanf ugzgisnz jnf jmbgrm fnin

uguwnm jgfanf fnin zgisnz ugsgrzm Dgrbnw Snisnfanf (Snisnfanf+Uwiugh- Dgrbnw


16/70

Bmfnfan (Znsugh+Uwiwz- Dgrbnw rnqn (jm Uwinzgrn jnf Dnhminfznf- Dgrbnw

Bgfwnfa (Bgfadwhw- Dgrbnw Bghnfa Znfn Zkrnon (Uwhugh- Dgrbnw Uwibnqn (FZB-

Dgrbnw Uwibn (FZZ- Dgrbnw Ikn (Inhwdw- jnf hnmf)hnmf }nfa ugbgfnrf}n zgrin)

uwd jnhni bnfaun dgrbnw hwiswr (uqnis bwllnhk- (Znhmb 2330-&

Dgrbnw rnqn bnf}nd zgrjnsnz jm jngrn` Numn Zgfaanrn& Dgrbnw mfm znisnd

hgbm` hmnr jmbnfjmfadnf jgfanf dgrbnw zmsg uwfanm& Ln`miwjjmf (>=17- igf}nzndnf

bn`qn dgrbnw rnqn igrwsndnf dgrbnw }nfa bgrbnjnf sgfjgd bgunr bgrznfjwd snf)

onfa igimhmdm dkflkrinum zwbw` }nfa bgrnz jnf snjnz jnf bmnunf}n bgrqnrfn nbw)

nbw jgfanf qnrfn }nfa hgbm` egrn` snjn bnamnf dndm& Qnrfn }nfa hgbm` zgrnfa jnf

igf}grwsnm anrmu dnhwfa owan zgrjnsnz jm bnqn` jnaw jnf hg`gr& Dgrbnw rnqn zmjnd

sgrfn` bgrqnrfn ekdhnz nznw nbw)nbw ekdhnz ugbnanminfn dgrbnw uwfanm

(Inukf >=1:-& Emrm)emrm jnrm bnamnf iwdn njnhn` jn`m jnznr iwdn sgfjgd ikfekfa

hgbnr jnf zgrjnsnz bgrend swzm` jm ugdmznr inzn& Ln`miwjjmf (>=17- igf}nzndnf

bn`qn dgrbnw rnqn onfznf igimhmdm bkbkz jgqnun 733 da jnf dgrbnw bgzmfn :33 da

jgfanf zmfaam swfjnd onfznf jnf bgzmfn njnhn` >57 jnf >53 ei& Igfwrwz

E`nfznhnd`nfn (>=0>- dgrbnw rnqn jgqnun jm Mfjkfgumn igimhmdm zmfaam rnzn)rnzn

>21)>53 ei wfzwd dgrbnw onfznf jnf >2:)>27 ei wfzwd dgrbnw bgzmfn& Dgrbnw rnqn

igiswf}nm dginiswnf bgrgfnfa onw` ugrzn igf}ghni ewdws jnhni jm jnhni nmr&

Enrn dgrbnw jgqnun bgrgfnfa njnhn` dgjwn dndm bghndnfaf}n bgrzwisw jm znfn` jnf

igfjkrkfa zwbw`f}n dg jgsnf ugigfznrn dndm jgsnff}n jmawfndnf wfzwd

igfan}w` nznw igfjn}wfa& @nh mfm dgiwfadmfnf igrwsndnf unhn` unzw sgf}gbnb

dgjwn dndm jgsnf dgrbnw rnqn swf}n sgrkzkznf }nfa hgbm` dgdnr jmbnfjmfadnf dndm

bghndnfa (Jmhnan >=01-&

Srkjwdzm|mznu Zgrfnd

Srkjwdzm|mznu zgrfnd jmzmfonw jnrm jmfnimdn skswhnum jmnrzmdnf ugbnanm

sgrdgibnfanf skswhnum zgrfnd jnhni sgrmkjg qndzw zgrzgfzw (wiwif}n unzw zn`wf-

jnf ugrmfa jmf}nzndnf jnhni sgrugfznug ('- nsnbmhn jmbnfjmfadnf jgfanf skswhnum

zgrfnd ugenrn dgughwrw`nf (Bnuwdm >==0-& Srkjwdzm|mznu dgrbnw rnqn jm Mfjkfgumn

snjn wiwif}n rgfjn` }nfa jmugbnbdnf khg` bgbgrnsn dgfjnhn nfznrn hnmf? sgrnfnf

dgrbnw snjn umuzgi wun`n znfm zrnjmumkfnh sgfawun`nnf hn`nf }nfa dwrnfa gdkfkimu

dwrnfaf}n ikjnh unfanz zgrbnznuf}n bmbmz wfaawh dwnhmznu sndnf }nfa rgfjn`

dwrnfaf}n sgfagzn`wnf sgznfm zgr`njns srkjwdum dgrbnw& Dgfjnhn)dgfjnhn zgrugbwz


17/70

jnsnz jmimfminhmunum jgfanf srkarni onfadn snfonfa zgrwznin jnhni bmjnfa

rgsrkjwdum jnf sgiwhmnnf zgrfnd dgrbnw (Jqm}nfzk jnf Uwbnfjr}k >==7-& Srkjwd)

zm|mznu zgrfnd skzkfa jmsgfanrw`m khg` uzrwdzwr skswhnum zgrfnd fnzwrnh mfergnug

(nfadn sgrznibn`nf nhnim- nfadn snfgf (enhl erks- ikrznhmznu uguwjn` hgsnu unsm`

jnf inun ndzm|mznu rgsrkjwdum (ighn`mrdnf- bnam mfjwd (Bnuwdm >==0-&

Rgsrkjwdum

Jn}n rgsrkjwdum jmjglmfmumdnf ugbnanm dginiswnf uggdkr zgrfnd wfzwd

igfa`numhdnf nfnd ughnin `mjwsf}n& Jn}n rgsrkjwdum dghkiskd zgrfnd }nfa zmfaam

jmugrznm jgfanf sgfaghkhnnf zgrfnd }nfa bnmd ndnf igfa`numhdnf glmumgfum srkjwdum

}nfa zmfaam swhn& Hnow sgfmfadnznf skswhnum zgrfnd ndnf igfonjm hgbm` egsnz bmhn

glmumgfum rgsrkjwdumf}n hgbm` bnmd jnf rgfjn`f}n nfadn anfaawnf rgsrkjwdum& Zmfaam

rgfjn`f}n glmumgfum rgsrkjwdum ugdghkiskd zgrfnd jmzgfzwdnf khg` hmin `nh }nmzw?

h- nfadn dgbwfzmfanf (ekfegszmkf rnzg- 2- onrnd nfznr ighn`mrdnf (enh|mfa mfzgr|nh-

5- onrnd qndzw nfznrn ighn`mrdnf unisnm bwfzmfa dgibnhm (ugr|meg sgrmkj- :- nfadn

sgrdnqmfnf sgr dgbwfzmfanf (ugr|meg sgr ekfegszmkf- jnf 7- nfadn dghn`mrnf

(enh|mfa rnzg- (@nrjoksrnfokzk >==7-&

Glmumgfum srkugu rgsrkjwdum snjn qnzgr bwllnhk bgr`wbwfanf grnz jgfanf owi)

hn` lndzkr }nfa jmdkfzrkh khg` `grmjmznu jnf hmfadwfanf& Dgfjnhn rgsrkjwdum jmnfznrn)

f}n njnhn` hnibnzf}n nfadn sgrzwibw`nf dgzgrhnibnznf swbgrznu iwumi dnqmf

zmfaamf}n wiwr bgrnfnd sgrznin snfonfaf}n enh|mfa mfzgr|nh jnf hnmf)hnmf& @nh

}nfa igfonjm inunhn` wznin jnrm bgzgrfnd dgrbnw (Ln`miwjjmf >=17-& Igfwrwz

Ekedrmhh (>=1:- dgrbnw rnqn inisw igfa`numhdnf nfnd >3)>7 gdkr ughnin `mjws)

f}n jnf jnsnz `mjws unisnm 27 zn`wf&

Swbgrznu

Swbgrznu nznw jgqnun dghnimf jnsnz jmjglmfmumdnf ugbnanm wiwr nznw qndzw

kranf)kranf rgsrkjwdum iwhnm bgrlwfaum jnf sgrdgibnfabmndnf zgronjm& Swbgrznu

zmjnd igfnfjndnf dnsnumznu rgsrkjwdum }nfa fkrinh jnf ugiswrfn }nfa inum` ndnf

zgrensnm dgiwjmnf& Swbgrznu snjn `gqnf onfznf jmznfjnm jgfanf dginiswnf `gqnf

wfzwd bgrdkswhnum jnf igfa`numhdnf usgrin jm unismfa sgrwbn`nf)sgrwbn`nf dghn)

imf ugdwfjgr hnmf ugjnfadnf snjn `gqnf bgzmfn jmznfjnm jgfanf zgronjmf}n guzrwu


18/70

jnf k|whnum& Guzrwu jnf k|whnum sgrznin jmugrznm khg` dgfnmdnf wdwrnf jnf bgrnz

kranf rgsrkjwdum ugenrn egsnz (Zkghm`grg >=0>-&

Swbgrznu zgronjm dnrgfn jmsgfanrw`m khg` lndzkr `gqnff}n jmnfznrnf}n }nmzw?

wiwr bkbkz bnjnf rnu jnf agfgzmd& Bgbgrnsn lndzkr }nfa owan unfanz bgrsgfanrw`

mnhn` lndzkr hmfadwfanf }nmzw? uw`w iwumi jnf mdhmi& Lndzkr hnmf }nfa igiswf}nm

sgfanrw` bgunr zgrwznin fwzrmum jnf sndnf& Swbgrznu hgbm` nqnh ndnf igfawfzwfadnf

dnrgfn jnsnz igfawrnfam inun zmjnd srkjwdzml jnf igisgrsnfonfa inun `mjws

srkjwdzml zgrfnd& Sgfmfadnznf agfgzmd jnsnz zgronjm hgbm` egsnz dnrgfn mfzgr|nh

agfgrnum bgrdwrnfa bmhn jmhndwdnf ughgdum jgfanf bnmd jnf srkarni ughgdum }nfa

glgdzml (Zkinugqudn gz nh&( h==h-& @numh jnrm sgfghmzmnf }nfa jmhndwdnf jm

Dnhminfznf Ughnznf khg` Hgfj`nfmg (2337- igfanzndnf bn`qn wiwr ighn`mrdnf

sgrznin snjn dgrbnw rnqn }nmzw 5): zn`wf ug`mfaan jmsgrdmrndnf dkfugsum sgrznin

zgronjm snjn wiwr 2)5 zn`wf igudmswf wiwr swbgrznu dgrbnw rnqn zmjnd jmdgzn`wm

jgfanf snuzm& Wiwr dkfugsum sgrznin mfm jnsnz jmonjmdnf snzkdnf ugbnanm wiwr

jgqnun dghnimf jgfanf nuwium hnin dgbwfzmfanf ughnin >2 bwhnf&

Umdhwu Bgrn`m jnf Hnin Bgrn`m

Bgrn`m njnhn` unnz `gqnf bgzmfn bgrugjmn igfgrmin sgonfznf wfzwd dkswhnum&

Onrnd nfznrn bgrn`m }nfa unzw unisnm snjn bgrn`m bgrmdwzf}n jmugbwz unzw umdhwu bgrn)

`m omdn bgrn`m }nfa sgrznin zmjnd igfa`numhdnf dgbwfzmfanf indn bgrn`m }nfa sgr)

znin mzw ndnf jmuwuwh jgfanf bgrn`m dgjwn (Snrzkjm`nrjok >=03-&

Hnin bgrn`m bgrdmunr nfznrn qndzw sgfgrminnf sgrznin unisnm sgfkhndnf

zgrnd`mr (IeJkfnhj >=11-& Igfwrwz Ikfadkswf}n (>=03- hnin bgrn`m dgrbnw rnqn

njnhn` 52 oni& Dgrbnw rnqn Z`nmhnfj igimhmdm umdhwu bgrn`m 2h `nrm ugjnfadnf jm

S`mhmsmfn umdhwu bgrn`m dgrbnw rnqn ughnin 23 `nrm (Awinf >=03-& Agonhn bgrn`m

zmjnd iwfewh jmugbnbdnf khg` zgisgrnzwr }nfa zmfaam snjn dkfjmum nrmjjnf ugimnrmj

ugrzn hnin bgrn`m igfonjm sgfjgd (jnrm >>= oni igfonjm oni- (Ekedrmhh >=1:-&

Wiwr Dnqmf Sgrznin

@gqnf)`gqnf bgzmfn iwjn zmjnd bkhg` jmdnqmfdnf unisnm sgrzwibw`nf

bnjnff}n igiwfadmfdnf (jgqnun dghnimf jnf jgqnun zwbw`- wfzwd uwnzw dgbwf)

zmfanf jnf dghn`mrnf fkrinh& @nh mfm dnrgfn jgqnun dghnimf zgronjm ugbghwi jgqnun

zwbw` zgrensnm (Zkghm`grg >=0>-& Wiwr dgrbnw bgzmfn snjn dkfugsum sgrznin bgr)


19/70

bgjn)bgjn zgranfzwfa snjn infnogigf sgighm`nrnnf sgfaawfnnf sndnf jnf agfg)

zmd& Wiwr dnqmf sgrznin dgrbnw rnqn jm Inhn}umn njnhn` rnzn)rnzn 20 bwhnf nznw 25

zn`wf (Ln`miwjjmf >=17-& Igfwrwz `numh sgfghmzmnf Hgfj`nfmg (2337- zgrfnd dgrbnw

bgzmfn jm Dnhminfznf Ughnznf bnrw bgrn`m sgrznin ugzghn` bgrwiwr 5 zn`wf nznw hgbm`

hnin jmbnfjmfa unsm&

Ugr|meg sgr Ekfegszmkf (U+E-

Ugr|meg sgr ekfegszmkf njnhn` sgfmhnmnf nznw sgr`mzwfanf owihn` sgrdnqmfnf

(ugr|meg- mfugimfnum bwnznf (MB- nznw dnqmf nhni }nfa jmbwzw`dnf khg` uggdkr bgzmfn

unisnm zgronjmf}n dgbwfzmfanf& Fmhnm U+E }nfa fkrinh njnhn` >- jnf jm`mzwfa bgrjnunrdnf sgruninnf bgrmdwz?

Igfwrwz Ln`miwjjmf (>=17- ekfegszmkf rnzg jmsgfanrw`m khg` iwumi dnqmf wiwr

sgonfznf jnf bgzmfn zmfadnz fwzrmum jnf hnmf)hnmf& Fmhnm ER igfwrwz Ekedrmhh (>=1:-

njnhn`


20/70

hgbm` hwnu }nmzw iwumi dghn`mrnf jnf dkfjmum hmfadwfanf& Dgbwfzmfanf nfnd ogfmu

dghnimf onfznf snjn usgumgu ininhmn wiwif}n ugjmdmz hgbm` hnin jnrmsnjn bgzmfn

jnf bwfzmfa sgrznin ughnhw hgbm` umfadnz jnrmsnjn dgbwfzmfanf ughnfowzf}n

(Ln`miwjjmf >=17-& Hnin bwfzmfa njnhn` uwnzw nusgd }nfa igisgfanrw`m ughnfa

dghn`mrnf& Igfwrwz Awinf (>=03- dgrbnw rnqn igimhmdm hnin bwfzmfa bgrdmunr

nfznrn 523)527 `nrm Ikfadkswf}n (>=03- igf}nzndnf bn`qn hnin bwfzmfa dgrbnw

rnqn njnhn` 55< `nrm jnf igfwrwz Zkghm`grg (>=0>- rnzn)rnzn sgrmkjg dgbwfzmfanf

njnhn` 5>3)5>7 `nrm jnf ughnfowzf}n jmdnzndnf bn`qn sgrbgjnnf hnin dgbwfzmfanf

bmun jmugbnbdnf khg` infnogigf sndnf jnf mdhmi hmfadwfanf&

Enhl Erks

Enhl erks njnhn` sgrugfznug owihn` nfnd }nfa jmhn`mrdnf `mjws jnhni unzw

zn`wf jnrm ughwrw` mfjwd }nfa jmzghmzm jnf omdn jmmfamfdnf nfadn enhl erks }nfa zmfaam

indn `nrwu jmsgr`nzmdnf qndzw jnf hnin bgrn`m dgzgsnznf unnz dnqmf fwzrmum jnf

sgfanqnunf sgf}ndmz (Znhmb M=00-& Rnzn)rnzn enhl erks dgrbnw jm Mfjkfgumn unfanz

rgfjn` }nmzw 55'&

Bgrn`m ugzghn` Ighn`mrdnf

Lnug dghn`mrnf nznw snrzwu ndnf zgronjm nsnbmhn inun dgbwfzmfanf zghn` igf)

ewdwsm& Kranf rgsrkjwdum zgrwznin wzgrwu ndnf igfanhnim srkugu sgf}gibw`nf

ugzghn` sgrmuzmqn dghn`mrnf }nmzw dgibnhm dgwdwrnf ugiwhn snjn unnz zmjnd bwfzmfa&

Srkugu mfm jmugbwz jgfanf muzmhn` mf|khwum wzgrwu& Bgrn`m dgibnhm ndnf zgronjm ugzghn`

mf|khwum wzgrwu ughgunm& Srkugu bgrn`m ugznhn` ighn`mrdnf snjn zmns mfjm|mjw bgrbgjn)

bgjn bgranfzwfa dgsnjn hninf}n srkugu mf|khwum wzgrwu& Awinf (>=03- igf}nzndnf

bn`qn snjn dgrbnw rnqn bgrn`m dgibnhm ugzghn` ighn`mrdnf njnhn` 57 `nrm& Dgrbnw

ugsgrzm `nhf}n jgfanf unsm bn`qn nsnbmhn jnhni sgfaghkhnnf snuen ighn`mrdnf mfjwd

jm`njnsdnf snjn sndnf }nfa dwrnfa hmfadwfanf }nfa zmjnd ugrnum unfmznum dnfjnfa

}nfa dwrnfa bnmd nznw dkfjmum hnmf }nfa zmjnd igfjwdwfa indn snjn mfjwd ndnf

zgronjm anfaawnf jnhni srkugu rgsrkjwdum ughnfowzf}n (@nrjoksrnfokzk >==>-&

Mfzgr|nh Jmdnqmfdnf Sgrznin ugzghn` Bgrnfnd

Mfzgr|nh sgrdnqmfnf ugzghn` bgrnfnd igfgfzwdnf snfonfa mfzgr|nh dghn`mrnf&

Mfzgr|nh jmdnqmfdnf sgrznin ugzghn` bgrnfnd njnhn` mfzgr|nh jnrm mfjwd snr)

zwu+bgrnfnd unisnm dnqmf dgibnhm (ugr|meg sgrmkjg- jnf hninf}n bgranfzwfa snjn


21/70

guzrwu skuzsnrzwi jnf dkfugsum ndzwnh }nfa igibwzw`dnf sgrdnqmfnf unzw dnhm jwn

dnhm nznw hgbm`& Bgrn`m skuzsnrzwi igrwsndnf dkiskfgf jnunr jnrm ugr|megsgrmkj

}nfa unfanz bgr|nrmnum bnmd jnrm lndzkr lmumd inwswf sumdkhkam ug`mfaan igfwf)

owddnf bgunrf}n |nrmnum bgrjnunrdnf dgzwrwfnf nznw zmsg jnf hmfadwfanf

(Ln`miwjjmf >=17-& Dgrbnw ndnf dgibnhm guzrwu :3 `nrm ugzghn` bgrnfnd bgrjnunrdnf

Fnzmkfnh Rgugnre` Ekwfemh (>=0>-&

Ughnfa Bgrnfnd (Enh|mfa Mfzgr|nh-

Ughnfa bgrnfnd njnhn` onfadn qndzw jnrm unnz mfjwd bgrnfnd `mfaan unnz

bgrnfnd bgrmdwzf}n& Enh|mfa mfzgr|nh jmsgfanrw`m khg` jn}n rgsrkjwdum jnf jmzgfzw)

dnf khg` hninf}n inun dkukfa ugrzn nfadn sgrdnqmfnf sgr dgbwfzmfanf& Umdhwu

rgsrkjwdum ndnf jmwhnfa dgibnhm unisnm snjn dgbwfzmfanf bgrmdwzf}n ugzghn` dgrbnw

igfanhnim bgrn`m dgibnhm jnf ighn`mrdnf& Snfonfa enh|mfa mfzgr|nh unfanz bgr|n)

rmnum snjn dgrbnw rnqn bgranfzwfa dgsnjn ugiwn dnrndzgrmuzmd rgsrkjwdum& Igfwrwz

Awinf (>=03- ughnfa dghn`mrnf dgrbnw rnqn bgrdmunr nfznrn h)5 zn`wf nznw rnzn)rnzn

>7 zn`wf& Enh|mfa mfzgr|nh hgbm` bnf}nd jmnzwr khg` lndzkr fkfagfgzmd }nmzw njn

dgugi)snznf igfwrwfdnff}n jgfanf glmumgfum infnogigf sgighm`nrnnf jnf

sgibgrmnf sndnf }nfa zgsnz (Ln`miwjjmf >=17-&

Snrnigzgr Zwbw`

Mflkrinum zgfznfa wdwrnf zwbw` dgrbnw `nf}n zgrjnsnz ugjmdmz jmbnfjmfadnf

jgfanf zgrfnd unsm }nfa hgbm` skswhgr snjn`nh wdwrnf zwbw` mfm sgfzmfa jnhni

infnogigf srkjwdum zgrfnd& Sgfawdwrnf snrnigzgr zwbw` ugrmfa jmawfndnf wfzwd

guzminum srkjwdum imunhf}n wfzwd sgfjwannf bkbkz bnjnf (Unhg ( >=02-& Snrnigzgr

zwbw` }nfa jmwdwr ighmswzm snfonfa bnjnf hmfadnr jnjn zmfaam swfjnd jnf zmfaam

smfaawh& Bkbkz bnjnf snjn wiwif}n igiswf}nm `wbwfanf skumzml jgfanf ugiwn

wdwrnf hmfgnr zwbw`& Wdwrnf)wdwrnf zwbw` zgrfnd jnsnz bgrbgjn unzw unin hnmff}n

ugenrn bgbnu dkrghnumf}n jnsnz jmugbwz skumzml nsnbmhn sgfmfadnznf unzw umlnz

sgf}gbnb umlnz hnmf owan igfmfadnz& Igfwrwz Jmq}nfzk (>=02- dkiskfgf zwbw`

}nfa bgr`wbwfanf grnz jgfanf bkbkz bnjnf njnhn` hmfadnr jnjn jnf snfonfa bnjnf&

Qmhhmniukf jnf Sn}fg (>=0


22/70

(Nmum}n` 2333- khg` dnrgfn mzw hmfadnr jnjn jnsnz jmawfndnf ugbnanm drmzgrmn

ughgdum jnf igimhm` enhkf bmbmz&

IGZKJG

Hkdnum jnf Qndzw

Sgfghmzmnf jmhndunfndnf snjn bwhnf Lgbrwnrm unisnm Igm 233= jm Jgun Swhnw

@nrnsnf Dgeninznf Iwnrn Iwfznm Dnbwsnzgf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn Dnhminfznf

Zmiwr&

Inzgrm

Nhnz }nfa jmawfndnf jnhni sgfghmzmnf mfm njnhn` jwn ineni smzn wdwr (ugfajnf dnmf- jnf bkrnfa dwmumkfgr (jm hnismrnf- ugjnfadnf }nfa igfonjm kbogd

sgfghmzmnf njnhn` dgrbnw rnqn (uqnis bwllnhk- jnf sgzgrfnd dgrbnw rnqn&

Nfnhmumu Jnzn

Jnzn }nfa jmsgrkhg` ighnhwm dwmumkfgr jmznbwhnum jnf jmnfnhmnumu ugenrn

jgudrmszml& Uzrnzgam sgfagibnfanf wun`n sgzgrfndnf jmnfnhmumu jgfanf nfnhmumu

UQKZ& Mflkrinum jnf jnzn jmnfnhmumu bgrjnunrdnf hmfadws mfzgrfnh (dgdwnznf jnf

dghgin`nf- jnf gduzgrfnh (sghwnfa jnf nfeninf-& Nhzgrfnzml uzrnzgam jmzgfzwdnf

bgrjnunrdnf snunfanf lndzkr mfzgrfnh jnf gduzgrfnh jnf ugbnanm mishgigfznum

uzrnzgam jmnibmh }nfa snhmfa srmkrmznu& Jnzn sgfawdwrnf snfonfa bnjnf jnf hmfadnr

jnjn dgrbnw }nfa jmsgrkhg` ndnf jmnfnhmun jgfanf igfaawfndnf nfnhmun dwnfzmznzml&

Igzkjn }nfa jmawfndnf wfzwd igfjwan bkbkz bnjnf zgrfnd dgrbnw njnhn` rgargum

hmfgnr bgranfjn }nfa ighmswzm hmfadnr jnjn (ei- jnf snfonfa bnjnf (ei-

(Swzrn >=07-&

Hka ] 9 B3 $ Bh Hka Ph $ B2 Hka P2

Dgzgrnfanf?

] ? bkbkz bnjnf zgrfnd (da-

P> ? hmfadnr jnjn (ei-

P2 ? snfonfa bnjnf (ei-

B3 ? )5 ? >=51


23/70

B2 ? 3=32


24/70

Sgwbn`

Sgwbn` }nfa jmninzm njnhn` nusgd srkjwdum jnf rgsrkjwdum wfzwd rgsrkjwdum

njnhn` rnumk onfznf jnf bgzmfn (jnzn srmigr- wiwr swbgrznu umdhwu bgrn`m jnf hnin

bgrn`m wiwr dnqmf sgrznin ugr|meg sgr ekfegszmkf (U+E- nfadn dgbwfzmfanf hnin

bwfzmfa enhl erks bgrn`m ugzghn` dghn`mrnf mfzgr|nh jmdnqmfdnf sgrznin ugzghn`

bgrnfnd jnf ughnfa bgrnfnd (enh|mfa mfzgr|nh- (jnzn ugdwfjgr-& Sgfawdwrnf bnamnf)

bnamnf zwbw` wfzwd guzminum bkbkz bnjnf ugbnanm mfjmdnzkr srkjwdum jmjnunrdnf snjn

igzkjg IeFmzz (>=05-& Wdwrnf ikrlkhkam }nfa jmhndwdnf ighmswzm?

h& Snfonfa bnjnf jmwdwr jnrm zkfokhnf bn`w (`wigrwu- unisnm zkfokhnf zwhnfa jwjwd

(zwbgr mue`m- jgfanf igfaawfndnf zkfadnz wdwr&

2& Hmfadnr jnjn jmwdwr ighmfadnr bnamnf jnjn zgsnz jm bghndnfa umdw dndm jgsnf

zgand hwrwu zgr`njns uwibw jgfanf igfaawfndnf smzn wdwr&

Srkugjwr

Sgfanibmhnf unisgh snjn sgfghmzmnf mfm jmhndwdnf zgr`njns sgzgrfnd ndzml

jgfanf igzkjg swrskum|g unishmfa& Rguskfjgf jmsmhm` ugenrn ugfanon bgrjnunrdnf

dgugjmnnf sgzgrfnd wfzwd jmqnqnfenrnm jgfanf sgfgdnfnf snjn dgdn}nnf mflkrinum

}nfa jmimhmdm jnf rghg|nfumf}n jgfanf dnomnf& Unisgh }nfa jmnibmh ugbnf}nd >3krnfa& Jnzn ugdwfjgr jmsgrkhg` jnrm Jmfnu Sgzgrfndnf jnf mfuznfum zgrdnmz jgfanf

sgfghmzmnf mfm& Zgdfmd sgfawiswhnf jnzn igfaawfndnf igzkjg kbugr|num jnf zgdfmd

dwgumkfgr& Sgfawdwrnf snfonfa bnjnf jnf hmfadnr jnjn dgrbnw jgfanf igfanibmh

unisgh ugbnf}nd >< gdkr }nfa zgrjmrm nznu sgonfznf mfjwd nfnd onfznf jnf nfnd

bgzmfn inumfa)inumfa : gdkr& Sgfanibmhnf owihn` unisgh jmsgfanrw`m khg` lndzkr

zgdfmu&


25/70

@NUMH JNF SGIBN@NUNF

Dgnjnnf Wiwi Hkdnum Sgfghmzmnf

Hkdnum jnf Zkskarnlm

Dgeninznf Iwnrn Iwfznm jgfanf mbwdkznf}n Iwnrn Iwfznm zgrjmrm jnrm >5

jgun jglmfmzml }nfa jmdghmhmfam khg` jnfnw uwfanm jnf rnqn }nfa hwnu }nmzw? Jnfnw

Ogisnfa jnf Jnfnw Ighmfznfa Uwfanm In`ndni ugrzn Rnqn Snfonfa Rnqn

Bgrkbku jnf Rnqn Hgznfa& Jgun)jgun }nfa njn jm Iwnrn Iwfznm }nmzw? Sgrmnf Iwn)

rn Hgdn Iwnrn Nhk` Onfzwr Bnzw~ Iwnrn Iwfznm Whw Iwnrn Iwfznm hhmr Dn}w

Bnzw Onfzwr Ughnznf Znfowfa @nrnsnf Swhnw @nrnsnf Hgdn MM jnf Onfzwr Bnrw&

Owihn` sgfjwjwd bgrjnunrdnf jnzn uznzmuzmd zn`wf 233< njnhn` >1&0:0 omqn jgfanf

5&>03 DD }nfa zgrjmrm nznu hndm)hndm =&>5= omqn jnf qnfmzn 0&5:7 omqn& Bnznu)bnznu

qmhn}n` Iwnrn Iwfznm }nmzw? jm ugbghn` Wznrn bgrbnznunf jgfanf Jgun Ighmfznfa

jnf Dgeninznf Iwnrn Qmu jm ugbghn` Ughnznf bgrbnznunf jgfanf Sgawfwfanf

Igrnzwu jnf Dnbwsnzgf Snumr jm ugbghn` Bnrnz bgrbnznunf jgfanf Dgeninznf

Sgf}mfaan`nf jnf Dnbwsnzgf Dwznm Bnrnz ugrzn jm ugbghn` Zmiwr bgrbnznunf jgfanf

U& S& Z& Rmibn N}w jnf Dgeninznf Dkzn Bnfawf (Jmfnu Sgrznfmnf Dwznm

Dnrznfganrn >==1-&

Hwnu qmhn}n` Iwnrn Iwfznm }nmzw =2035>3 `n sgrnmrnf }nfa jmjkimfnum khg` rnqn)rnqn& Hwnu qmhn}n`

bgrjnunrdnf dgzmfaamnf jnrm sgriwdnnf hnwz }nmzw 1)27 i jsh ughwnu :5533 i jsh ughwnu 21>:> `n jnf >33)733 i jsh ughwnu >157> `n& Zmsg jngrn`

dnqnunf zgrbnam nznu jwn dghkiskd bgrjnunrdnf emrm wiwi jgfanf ogfmu jnf dgnjnnf

znfn`f}n }nmzw dnqnunf sgriwdminf zrnfuimarnum (ogfmu znfn` rnzn)rnzn? skjukhmd

igrn` dwfmfa zgduzwr? hgiswfa zgrsnumr jnf dkfumuzgfum? ugjnfa- jnf dnqnunf zgsm)

nf uwfanm (ogfmu znfn` rnzn)rnzn? snumr dwnrun zgduzwr? bgrsnumr dnunr jnf dkfumuzgfum?

rmfanf-& Zkskarnlmf}n ugbnamnf bgunr jnznr ugjmdmz bgraghkibnfa jnf bgrbwdmz ugrzn

zgrjmrm nznu rnqn jnf hgibn`& Dgimrmfanf znfn` bgrdmunr nfznrn h')


26/70

Wznrn bgrbnznunf jgfanf Jgun Iwnrn Iwfznm Whw jnf Jgun Rgbn~ Rmfjmfa jm ugbg)

hn` Zmiwr bgrbnznunf jgfanf Jgun Iwnrn Iwfznm Whw jnf Jgun Iwnrn Iwfznm Mhmr

jm ugbghn` Ughnznf bgrbnznunf jgfanf Jgun Iwnrn Nhk` jnf jm ugbghn` Bnrnz bgrbn)

znunf jgfanf Jgun Bnzw~ Jgun Onfzwr jnf Jgun Onfzwr Bnrw& Jgun Swhnw @nrnsnf

ugbnamnf bgunr zgrjmrm nznu rnqn jnf ugbnamnf dgemh sgawfwfanf (Jmfnu Sgrznfmnf

Dwznm Dnrznfganrn >==1-&

Dgnjnnf Mdhmi

Iwnrn Iwfznm jmzmfonw jnrm hgznd qmhn}n` }nfa inum` bgrnjn jm bnqn` anrmu

d`nzwhmuzmqn jgfanf mdhmi zrksmu bnun` }nfa zgrhgznd nfznrn >>7)733 jm nznu sgriwdnnf hnwz& Uw`w rnzn)rnzn 5>3E

jgfanf uw`w zgrzmfaam 573E jnf uw`w zgrgfjn` 2:

kE ugjnfadnf uw`w wiwi njnhn`

553E snjn umnfa `nrm jnf 22

3E snjn inhni `nrm& Igfwrwz Ln`miwjjmf (>=17- kfn

f}ninf wfzwd dgrbnw bgrdmunr nfznrn >77)2>33E omdn uw`w wjnrn hgbm` jnrm 2:

3E

dgrbnw uwjn` igfanhnim uzrgu jnf bnznu drmzmu bnam igdnfmuig zgrikrgawhnum

5


27/70

Znbgh h& Skswhnum Zgrfnd jm Dnbwsnzgf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn

Skswhnum (gdkr-

Dkikjmznu

2337 233< 2331

Sgrznibn`nf

(2337)2331-

Unsm =&075 >>&1:3 >2&:13 2&1

Dgrbnw :&7>7 2&3:5 2&>:= )2&5: >7&525 0&1:5 )>7&=1>

Bnbm 0&1>< :&03= 5&21> 225&102 2:=&5>< )>1&531

Mzmd >:5&0>>

Uwibgr? Jmfnu Sgzgrfndnf Dnbwsnzgf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn (2330-

Skswhnum dgrbnw zwrwf ugbnf}nd 72' jnrm skswhnum zn`wf 2337 ugjnfadnf

unsm fnmd ugbnf}nd 21 '& Lndzkr sgf}gbnb sgfmfadnznf skswhnum unsm }nmzw njnf}n

sginuwdnf jnrm hwnr srk|mfum Dnhzmi }nmzw 5&>75 gdkr (233&:==

gdkr (23332

gdkr (2331- (Jmfnu Sgzgrfndnf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn 2330-&

Sgighm`nrnnf dgrbnw jm Iwnrn Iwfznm bgrjnunrdnf dgsgimhmdnf zgrfnd

jmbnam igfonjm jwn }nmzw sgighm`nrnnf `nf}n imhmd srmbnjm jnf anbwfanf jgfanf

imhmd krnfa hnmf& Sgzgrfnd ndzml njnhn` sgzgrfnd }nfa bgr`wbwfanf hnfauwfa jnhni

sgighm`nrnnf zgrfnd dgrbnw ugjnfadnf sgzgrfnd snuml njnhn` krnfa }nfa igimhmdm

dgrbnw jnf igfmzmsdnf dgsnjn sgzgrfnd ndzml& Sgzgrfnd }nfa igighm`nrn imhmd

srmbnjm (zmjnd igighm`nrn dgrbnw krnfa hnmf- ugbnf}nd :3' jgfanf owihn` rnzn)rnzn

zgrfnd }nfa jmimhmdm njnhn` :h gdkr& Sgzgrfnd }nfa igighm`nrn dgrbnw anbwfanf jg)

fanf krnfa hnmf ugbnf}nd


28/70

1 gdkr& Owihn` ughwrw` zgrfnd imhmd krnfa hnmf }nfa jmsghm`nrn khg` sgzgrfnd ugbn)

f}nd 232 gdkr nznw 70' jnrm owihn` zgrfnd imhmd sgzgrfnd sgighm`nrn&

Umuzgi bnam `numh }nfa bgrhndw jm sgzgrfndnf Zghwd Rmjnf }nmzw owihn` nfnd

jmbnam 73?73& Sgzgrfnd sgimhmd bgr`nd nznu 73' nfnd }nfa jm`numhdnf jnf sgzgrfnd

sgfanfakf 73'& Mfjwd }nfa jmsghm`nrn sgzgrfnd ndnf dgibnhm dgsnjn sgzgrfnd sg)

imhmd& Sgzgrfnd bgrznfaawfaonqnb nznu dgrbnw }nfa jmzmzmsdnf bnmd dgug`nznf

inwswf bmn}n sgighm`nrnnf&

Jgun }nfa jmonjmdnf dnqnunf sgighm`nrnnf dgrbnw `nf}n jwn jgun }nmzw

Jgun Iwnrn Nhk` jnf Jgun Swhnw @nrnsnf& Dnqnunf mfm igimhmdm skzgfum hn`nf

}nfa hwnu wfzwd sgfaagibnhnnf dgrbnw& Jgun Swhnw @nrnsnf snjn zn`wf 2331 igrw)

sndnf jgun }nfa igf}wibnfa skswhnum dgrbnw ugbnf}nd 77:2' jm Dgeninznf

Iwnrn Iwfznm& Owihn` skswhnum dgrbnw rnqn jm inumfa)inumfa jgun }nfa zgrjnsnz jm

Dgeninznf Iwnrn Iwfznm jnsnz jmhm`nz snjn Znbgh 2 jm bnqn` mfm&

Znbgh 2& Owihn` Skswhnum Dgrbnw Rnqn jm Dgeninznf Iwnrn Iwfznm

Skswhnum snjn zn`wf)

233< 2331 2330Fk& Jgun

Onfznf Bgzmfn Onfznf Bgzmfn Onfznf Bgzmfn

>& Sgrmnf ) ) ) ) ) )

2& Iwnrn Hgdn 5 >2 ) ) ) )

5& Iwnrn Nhk` 57 >07 72 2:0 5> =

:& Onfzwr ) ) ) ) ) )

7& Bnzw~ ) ) ) ) 2 >0

= 03 ) ) ) )

0& Iwnrn Iwfznm Mhmr ) ) ) ) ) )

=& Dn}w Bnzw ) ) ) ) ) )

>3& Onfzwr Ughnznf ) ) ) ) ) )

>>& Znfowfa Bnzw~ ) ) ) ) > =

>2& Swhnw @nrnsnf 53 >03 3 :3 5:3

>5& Onfzwr Bnrw ) ) ) ) ) )

Uwibgr? Enbnfa Jmfnu Sgzgrfndnf Dgeninznf Iwnrn Iwfznm (233=-


29/70

Dnrndzgrmuzmd Sgzgrfnd jm Hkdnum Sgfghmzmnf

Wiwr sgzgrfnd }nfa igfonjm rguskfjgf bgr|nrmnum jnsnz jmhm`nz snjn Znbgh

5& Wiwr 27)57 zn`wf ugbnf}nd 5 krnfa (53'-wiwr 5


30/70

jnf Nsrmh-& Ogfmu zgrfnd hnmf }nfa jmsghm`nrn khg` sgzgrfnd njnhn` unsm jnf n}ni

bnfadkd& Srklmh sgzgrfnd jnsnz jmhm`nz snjn Znbgh : jm bnqn` mfm&

Znbgh :& Srklmh Sgzgrfnd Dgrbnw Rnqn jm Jgun Swhnw @nrnsnfDnrndzgrmuzmd Sgrugfznug

Sgfjmjmdnf lkrinh

) UJ

) UHZS

) UHZN

Sgdgronnf

) Sgznfm unon) Sgznfm jnf fghn}nf

) Sgznfm jnf sgjnanfa

) Sgznfm jnf zwdnfa dn}w

Sgfanhninf bgzgrfnd dgrbnw

) 3)>3 zn`wf

) >>)23 zn`wf

) 2h)53 zn`wf

) 5>):3 zn`wf

) :h)73 zn`wf

Zwownf sgighm`nrnnf dgrbnw

) Uwibgr sgfa`numhnf jnf znbwfanf

) Dgaginrnf

) Zwrwfnf

23

:3

:3

h3:3

23

23

13

3

>3

>3

>3

03

h3

>3

Sgzgrfnd }nfa igimhmdm sgfanhninf bgzgrfnd hgbm` jnrm >7 zn`wf `nf}n 53'

ugjnfadnf jm bnqn` >7 zn`wf njn 13'& @nh mfm zgronjm dnrgfn bnf}nd sgzgrfnd }nfa

bnrw igfaanfzmdnf krnfa zwn igrgdn wfzwd bgzgrfnd dgrbnw dnrgfn bgzgrfnd dgrbnw

jm Iwnrn Iwfznm igrwsndnf sgdgronnf }nfa bgrumlnz zwrwf zgiwrwf& Zgrfnd dgrbnw

}nfa jmsghm`nrn khg` snrn krnfa zwn ndnf jmzwrwfdnf dgsnjn nfnd hndm)hndmf}n omdn

igrgdn uwjn` zmjnd inisw hnam igfaagibnhndnf dgrbnw nznw dnrgfn zghn`

igfmfaanh jwfmn& Sgzgrfnd }nfa zghn` igighm`nrn dgrbnw ughnin 57 zn`wf jnf ::


31/70

zn`wf dgiwfadmfnf jmugbnbdnf hnznr bghndnfa sgfjmjmdnff}n }nfa rgfjn` (UJ jnf

UIS-&

Dgnjnnf Zgrfnd DgrbnwOwihn` zgrfnd dgrbnw }nfa jmagibnhndnf jnrm h3 rguskfjgf ugbnf}nd 57>

gdkr jgfanf owihn` onfznf & Dgrbnw Rnqn jnhni Dnhnfa

Bmbmz zgrfnd dgrbnw bgrnunh jnrm jwn zgisnz }nmzw jnrm zgrfnd ugbghwif}n

}nfa zghn` njn jm Iwnrn Iwfznm jnf jnrm sgigrmfzn`& Bmbmz jnrm sgigrmfzn` jngrn`

igrwsndnf bmbmz dgrbnw }nfa jmdmrmi jnrm Uwibnqn (Fwun Zgfaanrn Bnrnz- jnf

Dnbwsnzgf Snumr (Dnhminfznf Zmiwr-& Zn`wf 233< sgzgrfnd igfjnsnz bnfzwnf jnrm

sgigrmfzn` dnbwsnzgf wfzwd igibghm sgonfznf ugbnf}nd 57 gdkr jnrm Hgbnd Umfadmh&

Sgibghmnf sgonfznf jnrm hwnr sgzgrfndnf jminduwjdnf wfzwd igfegan` zgronjmf}n

mfbrggjmfa& Sgzgrfnd owan jmbgrm bmbmz dgrbnw ighnhwm bnfzwnf srgumjgf (BNFSRGU-

zgznsm dgrbnw)dgrbnw zgrugbwz onrnfa bgrzn`nf `mjws hnin& Dgrbnw sgfjnznfa

dgiwfadmfnf zmjnd jnsnz bgrnjnsznum jgfanf hmfadwfanf (mdhmi ewnen dghgibnbnf

uw`w jnf snfonfa inzn`nrm- ugrzn dgnjnnf sgzgrfndnf (infnogigf sgighm`nrnnf- jm

Iwnrn Iwfznm& Dgrbnw }nfa bnrw jnznfa zmjnd jmdnrnfzmfn zgrhgbm` jn`whw ug`mfaan


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zmjnd jnsnz igf}guwnmdnf jmrm (njnsznum-& Dgrbnw BNFSRGU }nfa inum` zgrumun jm

dghkiskd znfm zgrfnd dgrbnw Zghwd Rmjnf (Jgun Swhnw @nrnsnf- zmfaanh unzw gdkr&

Znznhndunfn Bwjmjn}n Zgrfnd DgrbnwSgighm`nrnnf Zgrfnd

Sgrwbn`nf mdhmi bgrwsn iwumi dgrmfa jnf iwumi bnfomr igfandmbnzdnf sgr)

bgjnnf sgfnfanfnf jnf umuzgi sgighm`nrnnf zgrfnd dgrbnw jm Iwnrn Iwfznm& Umuzgi

sgighm`nrnnf snjn unnz iwumi dgrmfa wfzwd ugiwn dgrbnw njnhn` gduzgfuml ugjnfa)

dnf snjn iwumi bnfomr sgighm`nrnnf dgrbnw jgfanf umuzgi ugimmfzgfuml jnf mfzgfuml&

Sgighm`nrnnf jgfanf umuzgi gduzgfuml snjn iwumi dgrmfa jnf iwumi bnfomr igimhmdm

sgrbgjnnf sgfnfanfnf& Sgighm`nrnnf dgrbnw ugenrn gduzgfuml snjn iwumi dgrmfa

}nmzw ugiwn dgrbnw bnmd nfnd inwswf jgqnun jmbmnrdnf hmnr dg rnqn)rnqn nznw `wznf

}nfa bgronrnd 2 di jnrm dnhnfa& Zgrfnd }nfa jmhmnrdnf zgrugbwz ndnf dgibnhm dg dn)

hnfa omdn zgronjm bnfomr& Sgighm`nrnnf dgrbnw snjn iwumi bnfomr jgfanf umuzgi gdu)

zgfuml ughnmf nfnd 8< bwhnf mfjwd bwfzmfa jnf mfjwd igf}wuwm& Nfnd jnf mfjwd

zgrugbwz jmsghm`nrn jgfanf umuzgi mfzgfuml ughnhw bgrnjn jm dnhnfa jnf jmbgrm sndnf

`monwnf znfsn sgfaagibnhnnf& Dgrbnw }nfa jmagibnhndnf ndnf jmdnfjnfadnf snjn

inhni `nrm znfsn sgibgrmnf sndnf& Onjqnh dgamnznf `nrmnf bgzgrfnd dgrbnw snjn

iwumi bnfomr jnsnz jmhm`nz snjn Znbgh 7 jm bnqn` mfm&

Znbgh 7& Onjqnh Dgamnznf @nrmnf Bgzgrfnd Dgrbnw jm Jgun Swhnw @nrnsnf

Qndzw Ndzm|mznu

31&33)30&33

30&33)3=&53

3=&53)>3&33

>3&33)>3&53

>3&53)>>&33

>>&33)>2&53

>2&53)>:&33

>:&33)>1&33

Sgronhnfnf jnrm rwin` dg zgisnz igfenrm `monwnf

Igfenrm jnf igfanibmh `monwnf

) Sgronhnfnf igfwow sgzgrfndnf

) Sgfanfadwznf `monwnf jnrm sgrn`w wfzwd fnmd dg dnhnfa

) Sghgsnunf dgrbnw dg rnqn sgfaagibnhnnf

) Sgibgrum`nf dnfjnfa

) Sgibgrmnf `monwnf dgsnjn nfnd jnf bgbgrnsn mfjwd }nfa zmfaanh

jm dnhnfa

Dgrbnw jmamrmfa dg rnqn sgfaagibnhnnf

Dgrbnw jmagibnhndnf

Dgrbnw muzmrn`nz nznw bgrzgjw` jm `wznf

Dgrbnw jmagibnhndnf dgibnhm

Dgrbnw jmamrmfa swhnfa jnf jmdnfjnfadnf


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Sgzgrfnd snjn snam `nrm bgrnfadnz jnrm rwin` ugdmznr swdwh 31&53 QMZN wf)

zwd igfenrm `monwnf dwisnm jm rnqn)rnqn }nfa onrndf}n ewdws onw` jnrm rwin`&

Sgronhnfnff}n `nrwu ighmfznum uwfanm jgfanf igfaawfndnf sgrn`w jnf igigrhwdnf

qndzw dmrn)dmrn 53 igfmz& Uwibgr `monwnf ugdmznr >)2 di jnrm sgzgrfndnf& @monwnf

}nfa jmnibmh >33' rwiswz hkdnh dwisnm dnrgfn jmuwdnm zgrfnd& Zgrfnd dgrbnw ndnf

jmhgsnudnf dg rnqn sgfaagibnhnnf dgewnhm nfnd wiwr jm bnqn` 5 bwhnf mfjwd

bwfzmfa zwn jnf mfjwd igf}wuwm& @monwnf dgiwjmnf jmnfadnz jnrm sgrn`w ikzkr jnf

jmhgznddnf jm bnamnf dnfjnfa jgsnf }nfa zghn` dkukfa dnrgfn dgrbnw zghn` zwrwf&

Dnfjnfa jmbgrum`dnf jgfanf igf}gisrkzdnf nmr igfaawfndnf skisn nmr }nfa

jmugjkz jnrm bnqn` dnhnfa& Dgrbnw muzmrn`nz jm `wznf smfaamr rnqn ugdmznr swdwh

>2&53)>:&33 QMZN& Dgnjnnf mfm jnsnz jmhm`nz snjn Anibnr 2 jm bnqn` mfm&

(n- (b-Anibnr 2 n& Dgrbnw Zwrwf jnrm Dnhnfa4 b& Dgrbnw Muzmrn`nz

Sgfenznznf }nfa jmhndwdnf khg` sgzgrfnd }nmzw owihn` nfnd }nfa hn`mr

znfaanh dghn`mrnf jnf ogfmu dghnimf nfnd }nfa jmhn`mrdnf& Bmn}n }nfa jmdghwnrdnf

wfzwd sgighm`nrnnf }nmzw wfzwd igibghm bgfumf ugbnanm bn`nf bndnr sgrn`w }nfa

jmawfndnf jnf kbnz)kbnznf&

Infnogigf sgighm`nrnnf wfzwd igfagzn`wm mjgfzmznu dgrbnw (sgfnfjnnf-

jmhndwdnf jgfanf igikzkfa jnwf zghmfan (gnr fkze`mfa- snjn wiwr iwjn& Sgik)

zkfanf jnwf zghmfan jgfanf igfaawfndnf smunw (Anibnr 5-& Sgfnfjnnf jgfanf

igfaawfndnf gnr zna sgrfn` jmhndwdnf zgznsm igimhmdm dgdwrnfanf }nmzw gnr zna ug)

rmfa `mhnfa dnrgfn zgrunfadwz jm ugind)ugind snjn unnz dgrbnw jmagibnhndnf&


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Anibnr 5& Sgfnfjnnf jgfanfGnr Fkze`mfa

Sgrdnfjnfanf

Dnfjnfa nznw dnhnfa }nfa jmawfndnf khg` dghkiskd znfm zgrfnd dgrbnw

Iwnrn Iwfznm Jgun Swhnw @nrnsnf njnhn` bnfawfnf dnfjnfa ugjgr`nfn }nfa hnfznm

snanr jnf zmnfa)zmnfaf}n zgrbwnz jnrm dn}w whmf }nfa igrwsndnf dn}w snhmfa dwnz

jnf zn`nf hnin }nfa bnf}nd zgrjnsnz jm Dnhminfznf& Dnhnfa njnhn` dnfjnfa sgfni)

swfanf dgrbnw rnqn unnz iwumi bnfomr zmbn }nfa bgrnjn jm zgsmnf In`ndni jnf zgr)

jnsnz bgbgrnsn rwiswf bnibw jnf sgsk`kfnf jm ugdmznrf}n& Dgnjnnf dnhnfa

jmzwfowddnf snjn Anibnr : jm bnqn` mfm&

(n- (b-Anibnr : n& Dnhnfa4 b& Ugdnz)ugdnz Dnhnfa

Ogfmu dnfjnfa }nfa jmawfndnf njnhn` dnfjnfa dkhkfm nznw dghkiskd jgfanf

bgbgrnsn sgzgrfnd jnf sgimhmd zgrfnd& Dnfjnfa zmjnd igfaawfndnf nzns dgewnhm

zgisnz wfzwd mfjwd dgrbnw }nfa ugjnfa bwfzmfa jnf bgrnfnd ugrzn wfzwd sgrnqnznf

dgrbnw }nfa undmz bgrwsn zgrsnh }nfa zgrjnsnz jm dgjwn wowfa dnfjnfa jgfanf wdwrnf


35/70

inumfa)inumfa &33p03 ei2

jnf wdwrnf wfzwd

dgrbnw jgqnun 233p>73 ei2& Dnfjnfa wznin zmjnd jmhgfadnsm jgfanf dnfjnfa

jnrwrnz nznw bmnun jmugbwz dnfjnfa ogsmz }nfa ugqndzw)qndzw bgrlwfaum wfzwd

sgfnfanfnf imunhf}n wfzwd dgsgrhwnf sgfakbnznf sgibgrmnf |ndumfnum jnf

sghndunfnnf mfugimfnum bwn)znf (Uw`nrfk jnf Fnnrwjjmf >==:-&

Dnfjnfa jmbwnz bgbgrnsn sgznd }nfa ugiwn hgbnrf}n < igzgr& Hnfznm jnrm

sgriwdnnf znfn` ugzmfaam 2&7)5&3 igzgr& @nh mfm jmhndwdnf nanr dnhnfa ugfnfzmnun

jnhni dgnjnnf dgrmfa nznw zmjnd zgrgfjni nmr snjn unnz bnfomr& Dnhnfa jmhgfadnsm

jgfanf jwn znfaan (jgsnf jnf bghndnfa- ugbnanm unrnfn fnmd zwrwff}n dgrbnw snjn

unnz jmdnfjnfadnf jnf jmhgsnu& Snanr ugzmfaam 3&7)>&3 igzgr jmbwnz igfaghmhmfam

dnhnfa wfzwd igisgriwjn` sgfnfanfnf snjn unnz jmdnfjnfadnf& Dgrbnw }nfa jn)

znfa bgrdkhkfm bmnunf}n njn bgbgrnsn }nfa zmjnd hnfauwfa fnmd dg dnhnfa jgfanf

njnf}n snanr mfm indn dgrbnw }nfa zmjnd ugagrn fnmd dnhnfa ndnf zgzns bgrnjn jm

ugdmznr dnfjnfa }nfa zghn` jmsnanrm jnf sgzgrfnd ndnf igfwfzwff}n fnmd dg dnhnfa&

Snanr owan bgrawfn wfzwd igfonan jnf ighmfjwfam zgrfnd jnrm nfeninf sgfewrm&

Bnhnm sgrzgiwnf dghkiskd jnf zgisnz nhnz)nhnz bgrnjn jm jgsnf dnfjnfa jgfanf

wdwrnf


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Sndnf

Sndnf }nfa jmdkfuwium khg` dgrbnw `nf}n bgrwsn `monwnf jnf zmjnd igfjn)

snz znibn`nf dkfugfzrnz& Dkfugfzrnz zmjnd jmbgrmdnf dnrgfn zmjnd zgrugjmnf}n bn`nf

bndw jnf sgfakhn` dkfugfzrnz& Dghnsn unqmz bnf}nd zgrjnsnz jm Dgeninznf Iwnrn

Iwfznm zgznsm sgfakhn`nff}n jm hwnr Iwnrn Iwfznm ug`mfaan `numh unismfanff}n

zmjnd jnsnz jmawfndnf ugbnanm dkfugfzrnz wfzwd sndnf dgrbnw rnqn& Rwiswz }nfa

igrwsndnf sndnf wznin dgrbnw rnqn njnhn` rwiswz hkdnh dwisnm (@}igfne`fg

nishgpmenwhmu (Rwjag-Fggu- jnsnz jmhm`nz snjn Anibnr 7 jm bnqn` mfm&

Anibnr 7& Rwiswz Dwisnm (@}igfne`fg nishgpmenwhmu (Rwjag- Fggu-

Dgrbnw owan igfadkfuwium rwiswz hkdnh hnmff}n zgznsm jnhni owihn` ugjmdmz&

Sgrbnfjmfanf dnfjwfanf fwzrmum rwiswz dwisnm jgfanf rwiswz hgawimfkun hnmff}n

}nfa bmnun jmawfndnf ugbnanm uwibgr `monwnf indnfnf zgrfnd jnsnz jmhm`nz snjn

Znbgh


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Znbgh


38/70

(n- (b-Anibnr < n& Ewz nfj enrr}4 b& Sndnf @monwnf jnhni Dnhnfa

Sgfaawfnnf hmibn` sgrznfmnf ugbnanm sndnf znibn`nf zmjnd igiwfadmfdnf

dnrgfn hn`nf sgrznfmnf unfanz ugjmdmz jm Iwnrn Iwfznm jnf hn`nf sgrznfmnf onw` jnrm

sgzgrfndnf ugjnfadnf hn`nf sgfaagibnhnnf inum` ewdws hwnu& Sgibgrmnf znibn`nf

imfgrnh bgrwsn anrni jmbgrmdnf `nf}n wfzwd mfjwd }nfa ugjnfa igf}wuwm& Sgibg)

rmnf anrni jmsgren}n jnsnz igfmfadnzdnf owihn` nmr uwuw mfjwd& Sgibgrmnf `monwnf

wfzwd >7 gdkr nfnd dgrbnw ugbnf}nd unzw sgrn`w nznw ugdmznr 533 da& Lrgdwgfum

sgibgrmnf `monwnf rnzn)rnzn `nf}n ugdnhm }nmzw snjn snam `nrm igfoghnfa umnfa nznw

ugdmznr swdwh >3&33 QMZN ugzghn` zgrfnd dgrbnw iwjn jnf jgqnun jmhgsnudnf dg

zgisnz sgfaagibnhnnf&

Zgfnan Dgron

Zgfnan dgron snjn wun`n zgrfnd dgrbnw mfm ughwrw`f}n ighmbnzdnf zgfnan

dgron hndm)hndm jgqnun& Zgfnan dgron }nfa igfaagibnhndnf dgrbnw mfm rnzn)rnzn jm

unismfa igfaagibnhndnf zgrfndf}n ugfjmrm owan zgrfnd zmzmsnf& Sgzgrfnd ughwrw`)

f}n hndm)hndm dnrgfn sgfnfanfnf zgrfnd dgrbnw mfm ewdws bgrnz dnrgfn `nrwu bgr`n)

jnsnf jgfanf dgrbnw }nfa anhnd ndmbnz sgfaagibnhnnf hmnr& Nhnunf hnmff}n njnhn`

jmsgrhwdnf dgn`hmnf }nfa ewdws wfzwd igfnfanfm zgrfnd dgrbnw mfm& Rnzn)rnzn zmns

sgzgrfnd igfnfanfm 57 gdkr dgrbnw&

Sgfnfanfnf Dgug`nznf

Sgf}ndmz }nfa sgrfn` zgronjm jm sgzgrfndnf dghkiskd znfm Zghwd Rmjnf njnhn`

jmnrg awjmd enemfanf dwzw jnf uwrrn& Sgf}ndmz }nfa snhmfa ugrmfa zgronjm njnhn`

jmnrg snjn nfnd dgrbnw jm bnqn` wiwr unzw zn`wf& Bgrjnunrdnf `numh sgfghmzmnf


39/70

Srmnjm jnf Fnznhmn (2337- bgbgrnsn nagf bndzgrmn sgf}gbnb jmnrg zghn` jnsnz

jmmukhnum }nmzw Gue`grme`mn ekhm jnf Ehkuzrmjmwi sgrlrmfagfu& Zkdumf nhln jnf bgzn

Ehkuzrmjmwi sgrlrmfagfu jnsnz jmjgzgdum snjn mum wuwu nfnd unsm jnf dgrbnw }nfa inzm

dnrgfn fgdrkzmd gfzgrmzmu& Gfzgrkdugimn igrwsndnf lndzkr sgfzmfa snjn dginzmnf

nfnd unsm jnf dgrbnw& Enemfanf dwzw awjmd jnf uwrrn onrnfa zgronjm& Enemfanf

sgrfn` zgronjm snjn nfnd dgrbnw wiwr h)2 bwhnf jgfanf igfwfowddnf znfjn bwhw)

bwhwf}n bgrjmrm jnf dwuni ugrzn bnjnff}n dwrwu& Sgfakbnznff}n jgfanf sgibgrmnf

kbnz enemfa ugsgrzm wfzwd infwumn& Awjmd bmnunf}n jmkbnzm jgfanf sgibgrmnf bgfumf

snjn bnamnf }nfa zgrdgfn awjmd nznw jmbgrm kbnz bgznjmfg& Uwrrn igrwsndnf sgf}ndmz

}nfa sgrfn` igqnbn` snjn zn`wf >====2-&

Sgibgrmnf kbnz)kbnznf jnf uwshgigf snjn zgrfnd dgrbnw khg` sgzgrfnd jmhn)

dwdnf snjn unnz dgrbnw jmdnfjnfadnf& Sgibgrmnf kbnz bgrjnunrdnf dgbwzw`nf zgr)

fnd4 omdn zgrfnd dgrbnw igfwfowddnf agonhn undmz nznw sgf}ndmz sgibgrmnf kbnz ugag)

rn jmhndwdnf& Kbnz)kbnznf jnf |ndumf jnsnz zgronfadnw khg` sgzgrfnd dnrgfn kbnz)

kbnznf zghn` jmumnsdnf khg` Jmfnu Sgzgrfndnf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn ugenrn rwzmf wfzwd

jmbgrmdnf dgsnjn zgrfnd dgrbnw& Kbnz)kbnznf owan jnsnz jmbghm ugfjmrm khg` sgzgrfnd

omdn jnrm Jmfnu Sgzgrfndnf bghwi igf}gjmndnf& Sgzgrfnd ugrmfa ighndwdnf sgf}wf)

zmdnf zgr`njns dgrbnw }nfa zgrugrnfa sgf}ndmz inwswf `nf}n ugbnanm sgfnibn`

fnluw indnf& Zgrfnd dgrbnw jm nznu wiwr unzw zn`wf onrnfa zgrdgfn sgf}ndmz& @nh mfm

dgiwfadmfnf jmdnrgfndnf zgrfnd dgrbnw zghn` inisw bgrnjnsznum jgfanf dkfjmum

hmfadwfanf jnf sndnf&

Sginunrnf Zgrfnd

Zgrfnd dgrbnw jmsnunrdnf dgsnjn bghnfzmd nznw enhk }nfa bgrnunh jnrm

Dnhminfznf Ughnznf (Bnfonrinumf- jnf Uninrmfjn }nfa igibghm hnfauwfa dg sgzgr)

fndnf jnhni owihn` }nfa bnf}nd inwswf ugjmdmz& Sgfownhnf wznin (owihn` bnf}nd-

jmhndwdnf snjn qndzw bnfomr (dgrbnw fnmd dnhnfa-& Owihn` }nfa jmownh bgrjnunrdnf

owihn` dghn`mrnf }nmzw owihn` }nfa jmownh unin jgfanf owihn` dgrbnw }nfa hn`mr

omdn owihn` mfjwd njnhn` >73 gdkr indn ndnf igfa`numhdnf nfnd dmrn)dmrn >33 gdkr&


40/70

Owihn` zgrfnd bnmd onfznf inwswf bgzmfn ndnf jmownh ugbnf}nd >33 gdkr+zn`wf

ug`mfaan rnzn)rnzn sgfownhnf sgr bwhnf ugbnf}nd 0 gdkr&

Dnsnh }nfa jmawfndnf wfzwd igfanfadwz dgrbnw uguwnm owihn` sgibghmnf&

Dnsnhlgrrm jmawfndnf omdn ndnf igibghm dgrbnw jnhni owihn` ugjmdmz (>)2 gdkr- jnf

igfaawfndnf dnsnh sgfanfadwz bnzw bnrn }nfa hgbm` bgunr wfzwd igfanfadwz = gdkr

dgrbnw& Sgfownhnf zgrfnd bgrjnunrdnf sgfmhnmnf ikrlkhkam zwbw` jnf sgrdmrnnf bkbkz

bnjnf& @nran dgrbnw bgrdmunr nfznrn 17)>2 owzn rwsmn`& @nran zgrugbwz unfanz

igfawfzwfadnf sgzgrfnd& Wiwr zgrfnd }nfa bmnun jmownh }nmzw jm nznu 7 zn`wf& @nh

mfm jmhndwdnf wfzwd igfawrnfam owihn` zgrfnd }nfa zmjnd srkjwdzml& Sgfownhnf owan

jmhndwdnf wfzwd igigfw`m dgbwzw`nf ug`nrm)`nrm jnf dgbwzw`nf ugdkhn` nfnd

ug`mfaan sgfownhnf zkznh sgr bwhnf ugdmznr = gdkr&

Srkjwdzm|mznu Zgrfnd Dgrbnw

Rgsrkjwdum Zgrfnd Dgrbnw

Dnrndzgrmuzmd rgsrkjwdum zgrfnd dgrbnw jm Iwnrn Iwfznm jnsnz jmhm`nz snjn

Znbgh 1& Sgrbnfjmfanf onfznf jnf bgzmfn jnsnz jmdnzndnf zmfaam dnrgfn ugzmns gdkr

sgonfznf bgrbnfjmfa jgfanf gisnz gdkr bgzmfn& @nh mfm igfwfowddnf bn`qn owihn`

zgrfnd onfznf rghnzml bnf}nd& Sgonfznf ugbnf}nd 27' igibgrm jnisnd zgr`njns

srkjwdum nfnd& Zgrfnd bgzmfn `nf}n igimhmdm sghwnfa igfa`numhdnf nfnd induminh

17' zmns zn`wff}n jnrm skswhnum& Bnf}ndf}n sgonfznf owan jnsnz igfmibwhdnf

sgrunmfanf wfzwd igfanqmfm zgrfnd bgzmfn }nfa jnsnz bgrndmbnz sgrdghn`mnf

sgonfznf& Dgrbnw bgzmfn }nfa ugjnfa bgrn`m ndnf jmdghmhmfam 7)< gdkr sgonfznf jnf

dgiwfadmfnf bgzmfn ndnf jmdnqmfm khg` bgbgrnsn sgonfznf ug`mfaan sgrdnqmfnf

zmjnd glgdzml& Sgrdghn`mnf sgonfznf jnsnz bgrndmbnz fganzml dnrgfn sgonfznf ndnf

igfanhnim hwdn nznw iginr ugrzn igfa`nbmudnf gfgram jnhni zwbw` }nfa iguzmf}n

jmwbn` igfonjm jnamfa& Bnf}ndf}n owihn` sgonfznf znfsn ughgdum ndnf igfmibwhdnf

dgiwfadmfnf njnf}n sgonfznf }nfa znfaaw` fniwf zmjnd igimhmdm sgrlkrin srkjwd)

zm|mznu }nfa bnmd& @nh mfm ndnf bgrndmbnz zgr`njns dgzwrwfnf ughnfowzf}n }nmzw

zgronjmf}n mfbrggjmfa& Mfbrggjmfa zmjnd jmdg`gfjndm dnrgfn jnsnz igfwrwfdnf

srkjwdzm|mznu zgrfnd& @nh mfm igrwsndnf unhn` unzw hnfadn` dgbmondnf sgrbmbmznf

zgrfnd }nfa jmhndwdnf sgigrmfzn` jnf igfanew snjn WW Fk& 2 zn`wf >=== jnf SS

Fk& 7 zn`wf 2333 bn`qn sgigrmfzn` igimhmdm dgqgqgfnfanf igfegan` zgronjmf}n


41/70

mfbrggjmfa }nfa jnsnz igisgfanrw`m sgf}gjmnnf bmbmz jm inun igfjnznfa

(Jgsznf 2330-&

Bnf}ndf}n sgonfznf owan zmjnd glmumgf jnhni ugam gdkfkim& Sgzgrfnd jm Jgun

Swhnw @nrnsnf zmjnd ighndwdnf ughgdum zgr`njns sgonfznf ug`mfaan `nh zgrugbwz

dgiwfadmfnf bgunr zghn` zgronjm& Sgrbnfjmfanf onfznf ? bgzmfn jmwun`ndnf njnhn` >?0)

>3 gdkr (Jgsznf 2330-&

Znbgh 1& Dnrndzgrmuzmd Rgsrkjwdum Zgrfnd Dgrbnw jm Jgun Swhnw @nrnsnf

Umlnz Rgsrkjwdum @numh Hmzgrnzwr

Fmubn` onfznf ? bgzmfn

Wiwr bgrn`m sgrznin

Wiwr dnqmf sgrznin

Hnin bgrn`m

Snfonfa umdhwu bgrn`m

Ugr|meg sgr ekfegszmkf

Nfadn dgbwfzmfanf

Hnin dgbwfzmfanf

Sgrugfznug dghn`mrnf

Enhl erks

Zmfadnz dginzmnf nfnd

Wiwr dginzmnf nfnd

Bgrn`m dgibnhm ugzghn` ighn`mrdnf

Ughnfa bgrnfnd

>?:

20 zn`wf

20 zn`wf

)

>07 `nrm

)

)

5>'

>1 bwhnf

>3 bwhnf

>53 bwhnf

>?0)>3n-

> zn`wf (bgrn`m sgrznin-b-

27)5 zn`wf (dnqmf sgrznin- b-

5< onib-

2>)2: `nrme-

>7 zn`wfm-

Uwibgr? n- Jgsznf (2330-4 b- Uw`nrfk jnf Fnnrwjjmf (>==:-4 e- Ukurknimjokok jnf Ukgrnjom (>==3-4j-

Zkghm`grg (>=0>-4g-

Ekedrmhh (>=1:-4l-

@nrjokuwbrkzk (>=0:-4a-

@nunfnzwf gz nh& (2337-4

`- Fnzmkfnh Rgugnre` Ekwfemh (>=0>- jnf m- Awinf (>=03-

Wiwr dnqmf sgrznin jnf bgrn`m sgrznin jmnfaans unin dnrgfn umuzgi

sgrdnqmfnf dgrbnw rnqn mfm ugenrn nhnim jnf zmjnd njn sgr`nzmnf d`wuwu zgr`njns

dgamnznf rgsrkjwdum dgrbnw ug`mfaan jmiwfadmfdnf bn`qn snjn unnz bgrn`m sgrznin

dgrbnw hnfauwfa dnqmf nznw zgronjm dkfugsum& Wiwr dkfugsum sgrznin jnsnz jmnfaans

ugbnanm sgrdmrnnf wiwr bgrn`m sgrznin (qnhnwswf dgiwfadmfnf dwrnfa jnrmsnjn mzw-

(Rnfo`nf nfj Snz`nd >=1=-& Bgrn`m jnf dkfugsum sgrznin rnzn)rnzn zgronjm snjn wiwr

20 zn`wf& Wiwr dnqmf sgrznin njn }nfa igfensnm : zn`wf qnhnwswf jnhni owihn`

dgemh `nh mfm jmguzminum bgrjnunrdnf wiwr dgrbnw& Igfwrwz Uw`nrfk jnf Fnnrwjjmf

(>==:- bgrn`m sgrznin wiwr unzw zn`wf jnf dkfugsum sgrznin 27)5 zn`wf&

Sgibgrmnf sndnf }nfa hgbm` bnmd }nmzw jgfanf sgfnibn`nf dkfugfzrnz ugbnf}nd 7


42/70

da+gdkr+`nrm jnsnz igfmfadnzdnf bkbkz bnjnf jnf igisgrbnmdm dkfjmum zwbw`

dgrbnw bgzmfn ug`mfaan snjn nd`mrf}n jnsnz igrnfaunfa ndzm|mznu bgrn`m dkfugsum

jnf srkjwdum nfnd (Swzw 2335-& Fwzrmum }nfa unfanz igfwfonfa wfzwd unhwrnf

rgsrkjwdum jmnfznrnf}n? srkzgmf |mznimf N jnf imfgrnh+|mznimf (S Dkssgr Dkbnhz

Infanfgug Mkjmfg jnf Ughgfmwi- (Jgsznf 2331-&

Hnin bgrn`m jnf snfonfa umdhwu bgrn`m zmjnd jmdgzn`wm dnrgfn ughnmf

dwrnfaf}n sgfagzn`wnf jnf sgr`nzmnf sgzgrfnd igfagfnm `nh mfm owan jmugbnbdnf

khg` umlnz bgrn`m dgrbnw }nfa umhgfz `gnz (bgrn`m zgfnfa-& Znfjn)znfjn bgrn`m snjn

dgrbnw `nismr unin jgfanf unsm zgznsm zmjnd ugoghnu snjn unsm (Ukurknimjokok jnf

Ukgrnjom >==3- jnf znfjn bgrn`m ugindmf zmjnd f}nzn ughnin bwhnf dgrmfa jnrm Nsrmh

unisnm Owfm jnf ugrmfa jmugbwz umhgfz `gnz(Rnfo`nf nfj Snz`nd >=1=-& Umdhwu bgrn`m

qnhnwswf zgrwznin jmnzwr khg` `krikf }nfa jm`numhdnf ugenrn mfzgrfnh njn owan

lndzkr hnmf }nfa bgrsgfanrw` bnmd hnfauwfa inwswf zmjnd hnfauwfa& Igfwrwz

Qmhhmniukf jnf Sn}fg (>==5- lndzkr }nfa snhmfa sgfzmfa igisgfanrw`m umdhwu

bgrn`m jm hwnr nbfkrinhmznu dnrgfn sgf}ndmz njnhn` zmfadnz sndnf snfonfaf}n umnfa

jnf zgisgrnzwr hmfadwfanf& Ug|meg sgr ekfegszmkf (U+E- jnf nfadn dgbwfzmfanf owan

zmjnd jmdgzn`wm& @nh mfm dnrgfn dgrbnw rnqn }nfa zgrjnsnz jm Iwnrn Iwfznm zmjnd

jmmfugrfmfnum bwnznf (MB- nznw dnqmf nhni& Fmhnm U+E jmsgrkhg` jgfanf sgr`mzwfanf

owihn` sgrdnqmfnf mfugimfnum bwnznf nznw dnqmf nhni }nfa jmbwzw`dnf khg` uggdkr

bgzmfn unisnm zgronjmf}n dgbwfzmfanf (Zkghm`grg >=0>-& Nfadn dgbwfzmfanf zmjnd

jmdgzn`wm dnrgfn zmjnd jmhndwdnff}n snhsnum rgdznh snjn :3)


43/70

jnrm sgrugfzgug bgzmfn jgqnun& Rnzn)rnzn sgrugfznug dghn`mrnf nfnd dgrbnw jm

Mfjkfgumn njnhn` 7:===- jm Jgun Bkokfa

ugbgunr 20' jnf Jgun Embwfnr Dnbwsnzgf Anrwz ugbgunr 73'& Dgzgsnznf qndzw

dnqmf igrwsndnf unhn` unzw lndzkr }nfa igisgfanrw`m zmfaamf}n snfgf nfnd jm

Iwnrn Iwfznm dnrgfn umuzgi sgfaagibnhnnf dkhkfm jnf bnf}ndf}n onfznf }nfa

zgrugjmn& Lndzkr hnmf }nfa owan igisgfanrw`m njnhn` onrnfaf}n zgronjm sgf}ndmz bnmd

snjn bgzmfn inwswf sgonfznf& Undmz jnf sgf}ndmz bgrsgfanrw` zgr`njns snfgf nfnd

dnrgfn jnsnz igfandmbnzdnf zmjnd zgronjmf}n sgibwn`nf snjn rn`mi dginzmnf onfmf

dginzmnf nfnd bnmd ugbghwi inwswf ugzghn` bgrnfnd (ikrznhmznu nfnd-& Qndzw jnf

hnin bgrn`m ugrzn fwzrmum bghwi jnsnz jmdgzn`wm sgfanrw`f}n dnrgfn bghwi

jmdgzn`wmf}n owan dgzgrnfanf igfagfnm `nh zgrugbwz& Qndzw }nfa jmsgrhwdnf wfzwd

bgrn`m dgibnhm ugzghn` ighn`mrdnf njnhn` :7>227 `nrm jnf ughnfa bgrnfnd >52>3

bwhnf& Ughnfa bgrnfnd dgrbnw jm Iwnrn Iwfznm zgrinuwd jnhni dmunrnf }nfa

jmf}nzndnf khg` Awinf (>=03- }nmzw nfznrn >)5 zn`wf nznw rnzn)rnzn >7 zn`wf&

Dginzmnf zgrfnd wiwif}n zgronjm snjn nfnd wiwr 3)5 bwhnf }nfa jmndmbnzdnf

dnrgfn zgrsgrnfadns jnhni ugind nznw hwiswr jnf dgdwrnfanf nmr uwuw& Igfwrwz

@nrjoksrnfokzk (>==>- dginzmnf sgjgz iwjn nrzmf}n dginzmnf sgjgz snjn wiwr

dwrnfa jnrm unzw imfaaw jnsnz jmugbnbdnf khg` dgdwrnfanf sndnf snjn qndzw

dgbwfzmfanf iwjn anfaawnf shnugfzn anfaawnf dghn`mrnf (jmuzkdmn- sgjgz

igfanhnim nusmdumn `msgrzgrimn anfaawnf igf}wuwm dnrgfn sgfkhndnf mfjwdf}n

bgrnz bnjnf sgjgz }nfa rgfjn` mflgdum bndzgrm nfgimn nznw jglmumgfum imfgrnh }nfa

jmjgrmzn sgjgz jnf dghn`mrnf dkfagfmznh& Ikrznhmznu dgrbnw jm Iwnrn Iwfznm >>'hgbm` zmfaam jnrm rnzn)rnzn ikrznhmznu }nfa zgronjm jm Mfjkfgumn ugbgunr 150'

(@nrjokuwbrkzk >=0:-&

Srkjwdzm|mznu Zgrfnd Dgrbnw

Sgighm`nrnnf dgrbnw rnqn jm Iwnrn Iwfznm `nf}n igimhmdm unzw zwownf

srkjwdum }nmzw srkjwdum jnamfa& @nh mfm jmsgfanrw`m khg` dgnjnnf hmfadwfanf jnf

umuzgi sgighm`nrnnf& Dgrbnw jmbmnrdnf hmnr jm rnqn)rnqn jnf dwrnfaf}n hn`nf

sgrznfmnf }nfa jnsnz iginflnnzdnf zgfnan dgrbnw ug`mfaan srkjwdum dgrbnw zgrlk)


44/70


45/70

ighmswzm wdwrnf snfonfa bnjnf jnf hmfadnr jnjn igrwsndnf anbwfanf snrnigzgr

}nfa ndwrnz jnhni igfjwan bkbkz bnjnf zgrfnd dgrbnw& Wdwrnf snfonfa bnjnf jnf

hmfadnr jnjn ugrzn sgrdmrnnf bkbkz bnjnf nfnd dgrbnw jnf dgrbnw jgqnun jnsnz

jmhm`nz snjn Znbgh 0&

Qmhhmniukf jnf Sn}fg (>=03 zn`wf& Bkbkz `mjws igfmfadnz ugmrmfa jgfanf bgrznibn`f}n wiwr& @nh

mfm zgrhm`nz oghnu snjn Znbgh = bn`qn ugindmf igfmfadnz wiwr indn bkbkz bnjnf

ugindmf zmfaam swhn&

Znbgh =& Fmhnm Rnznnf Wdwrnf Zwbw` Dgrbnw jm Iwnrn Iwfznm

Dghkiskd+Sgwbn` Wiwr Snfonfa bnjnf

(ei-

Hmfadnr jnjn

(ei-

Bkbkz bnjnf

(da-

Nfnd (bwhnf- 2

2:

17&33 3&33

>31&03 :&50

>235&33>7&7:=&3>&00>0&3: >5=&2725&=0 23>&70 0>&21

Jgqnun (zn`wf- 5

:

7

>>7&73 3&1>

>2>&55 2&5>

>53&33

>0

Rnznnf >27&3&35 >11&73>1&75 512&


46/70

@nrjokuqkrk jnf Hg|mfg (>=01- igfanzndnf bn`qn rnznnf bkbkz dgrbnw

onfznf jnf bgzmfn snjn wiwr 3 h 2 5 : jnf hgbm` jnrm 7 zn`wf inumfa)inumfa njnhn`

53 >7 jnf 7&21 da jnf jgqnun wiwr 5)>3

zn`wf njnhn` 512&3&


47/70

Znbgh >3& Inzrmdu Nfnhmumu UQKZ

Mfzgrfnh

Gduzgrfnh

Dgdwnznf (uzrgfaz`u-) hn`nf zgrugjmn

) dwnfzmznu @IZ jnf

uwibgr nmr ewdws) njnf}n zgisnz bgrdwbnfa

jnf `wznf zgisnz

bgrhmfjwfa unnz

sgfaagibnhnnf

) sgzgrfnd igimhmdm

sgfanhninf bgzgrfnd

) wiwr sgzgrfnd srkjwdzml

) ikzm|num inu}nrndnz inum`

ewdws zmfaam

) njnf}n hgibnan dghkiskdzgrfnd

Dghgin`nf(qgndfguugu-) hn`nf dwrnfa jminflnnzdnf

ugenrn kszminh

) sgfaawfnnf sgonfznf iwjn) zmfadnz dginzmnf nfnd

ewdws zmfaam

) umuzgi bgzgrfnd }nfa

dwrnfa mfk|nzml jnf

bgranfzwfa jgfanf nhni

) bghwi njnf}n sku dguqnf

jnf bnhnm MB

) zmjnd njnf}n sgrnzwrnf

igfagfnm sgikzkfanf

zgrfnd srkjwdzml

) inum` dwrnfaf}n

dgronunin jgfanf mfuznfum

sgigrmfzn`

Sghwnfa (ksskrzwfmzmgu-)`nran jnamfa dgrbnw ewdws

zmfaam

) owihn` sgrimfznnf jnrm

jnhni inwswf hwnr

srk|mfum ewdws zmfaam

) njn jwdwfanf jnrm

sgigrmfzn` jngrn` wfzwd

sgfagibnfanf zgrfnd

dgrbnw) uznzwu ukumnh igfmfadnz nznu

dgsgimhmdnf zgrfnd dgrbnw

) njnf}n zgdfkhkam wfzwd

igfmfadnzdnf

srkjwdzm|mznu dgrbnw

Uzrnzgam ) UK) sgfagibnfanf dgrbnw

`nrwu uguwnm jgfanf

skzgfum jngrn` }nfa

jmjwdwfa khg` zgdfkhkam

inow bnmd jnrm uwjwz

sndnf bmbmz jnf

infnogigf (dguqnf-

) sginflnnznf hn`nf }nfa

njn jnhni igfmfadnzdnfskswhnum dgrbnw wfzwd

igigfw`m sgrimfznnf

jnamfa jgfanf

igfjnznfadnf dgrbnw jnrm

hwnr sgzgrfndnf

) igibgfzwd ugfzrn

sgzgrfndnf

Uzrnzgam)QK) sgregsnznf njksum

zgdfkhkam

) srkarni sgfagibnfanf

dgrbnw rnqn nanr

igfjnsnz srmkrmznu bnmd

jnrm sgigrmfzn` swunz

inwswf jngrn`

) sgibmfnnf+sgf}whw`nf

jnrm mfuznfum }nfa hgbm`mfzgfuml jnhni `nh

bwjmjn}n jnf dghgibnannf

Nfeninf (z`rgnzu-) zmfaamf}n sgrunmfanf

jgfanf jnamfa miskr

) sgf}ndmz

) bnfomr) onrnd zgisnz zmfaanh dg

dnhnfa onw`

Uzrnzgam ) UZ) iginflnnzdnf umzwnum

bnfomr wfzwd iginfnogigf

zgrfnd

) jm|grumlmdnum @IZ) igfmfadnzdnf hnow

dghn`mrnf

Uzrnzgam )QZ) igibnznum zmfaamf}n miskr

jnamfa

) igfmfadnzdnf bkbkz skzkfa

zgrfnd dgrbnw) sgfegan`nf sgf}ndmz

d`wuwuf}n snjn nfnd dgrbnw

) igisgrbnmdm dmfgron

dghgibnannf

Lndzkr Mfzgrfnh

Dgdwnznf (uzrgfaz`u-& Jgun Swhnw @nrnsnf igiswf}nm hwnunf hn`nf }nfa

bgrskzgfum ugbnanm zgisnz wfzwd bgrdgibnfaf}n zgrfnd dgrbnw rnqn& @nh mfm uguwnm

jgfanf `nbmznz `mjws dgrbnw }nfa igigrhwdnf nmr wfzwd bgrdwbnfa& @numh sgfghmzmnf


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Jnfmn jnf Skgrqkzk (2332- igfwfowddnf bn`qn dgrbnw }nfa bgrdwbnfa

bgrsgfanrw` unfanz f}nzn zgr`njns sgrznibn`nf bgrnz bnjnf `nrmnf jnf hnow

sgrzwibw`nf& Bgrbnanm ogfmu rwiswz jnf `monwnf owan zwibw` uwbwr wfzwd sndnf

dgrbnw& Zgrjnsnz bgrbnanm ogfmu sndnf }nfa jmdgfnh sgzgrfnd jnf jmuwdnm dgrbnw

jgfanf bgbgrnsn fnin jngrn` (hkdnh-& @wznf jm ugdmznr rnqn igrwsndnf zgisnz }nfa

unfanz f}ninf bnam zgrfnd dgrbnw wfzwd bgrmuzmrn`nz nznw bgrhmfjwfa jnrm snfnu

inzn`nrm snjn umnfa `nrm&

Dgdwnznf hnmf }nfa jmimhmdm sgzgrfnd }nmzw njnf}n sgfanhninf bgzgrfnd }nfa

ewdws hnin bgrdmunr nfznrn 5):: zn`wf jgfanf rnzn)rnzn >:0 zn`wf& Sgfanhninf mfm

igrwsndnf srkugu bghnonr jnf zwrwz bgrsgfanrw` zgr`njns dgbgr`numhnf nznw

dgananhnf jnhni bgzgrfnd dgrbnw& Sgfanhninf bgzgrfnd ugindmf hnin indn

sgzgrfnd igfjnsnz sghnonrnf }nfa unfanz bgr`nran jnhni igfa`njnsm inunhn` nznw

wfzwd igfagibnfadnf wun`nf}n (Rk`ngfm gz nh&( 2337-& Bgzgrfnd dgrbnw }nfa zghn`

jmhndwdnf igrwsndnf uwibgr sgfjnsnznf bnam sgfjwjwd& @nh mfm igfwfowddnf sgrnf

sgfzmfa dgrbnw rnqn dnrgfn zghn` igfonjm wun`n wznin bnam sgimhmdf}n ug`mfaan

igibgrm ikzm|num }nfa ewdws zmfaam& Sgzgrfnd owan zghn` igibgfzwd dghkiskd

zgrfnd ugond nqnh sgighm`nrnnf jnf bgrswunz snjn unzw jngrn` }nfa bgrskzgfum&

Njnf}n dghkiskd jnf dgimzrnnf mfm unfanz igibnfzw zmns sgzgrfnd jnhni

infnogigf sgighm`nrnf sgfownhnf jnf sgf}nhwrnf bnfzwnf sgigrmfzn`&

Dghgin`nf (qgndfguugu-& Sgfwrwfnf srkjwdzm|mznu dgrbnw jnsnz zgronjm

ndmbnz njnf}n dghgin`nf jnrm nusgd uwibgr jn}n infwumn umuzgi sgighm`nrnnf jnf

jnrm zgrfnd mzw ugfjmrm& Hn`nf dwrnfa jminflnnzdnf ugenrn kszminh dnrgfn hn`nf

inum` zgrugjmn wfzwd sgfnibn`nf skswhnum zgrfnd& Sghwnfa mfbrggjmfa zmfaam dnrgfn

zmjnd jmhndwdnf dkfzrkh sgrdnqmfnf jnf umuzgi sgighm`nrnnf ugenrn snuzwrn&

Mfbrggjmfa igrwsndnf sgrdnqmfnf jgfanf unwjnrn ugfjmrm (zgzwn ugswsw jnf

hnmff}n-& Mfbrggjmfa igiswf}nm jnisnd }nfa zmjnd jmmfamfdnf zgr`njns umlnz)umlnz

sgrzwibw`nf rgsrkjwdum jnf srkjwdum uwuw (Dnrznuwjonfn 233>-& Sgfaawfnnf

sgonfznf iwjn (wiwr 2)5 zn`wf- wfzwd igfanqmfm mfjwd owan igrwsndnf `nh }nfa

wiwi jmhndwdnf sgzgrfnd& Sgonfznf }nfa ewdws wiwr (jgqnun zwbw` jnf jgqnun

dghnimf- hgbm` bnf}nd jmownh ugbnanm uwibgr sgfjnsnznf sgzgrfnd& Dginzmnf nfnd

dgrbnw inum` rghnzml zmfaam& Bgbgrnsn sgf}gbnb dginzmnf jm nfznrnf}n njnhn`

zgrsgrnfadns jnhni ugind jnf hwiswr sgf}ndmz jnf dgdwrnfanf nmr uwuw& Dghgin`)


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nf hnmf }nfa jmzgiwm }nmzw dwrnfa kszminhf}n dghgibnannf jnf mfuznfum sgigrmfzn`

}nfa njn jnf bgrsgfanrw` zgr`njns dghnfenrnf nrwu jnf mflkrinum mfk|num)mfk|num

bnrw&

Lndzkr Gduzgrfnh

Sghwnfa (ksskrzwrmzmgu-& Lndzkr)lndzkr gduzgrfnh }nfa jmsnfjnfa ugbnanm

sghwnfa }nmzw `nran jnamfa ewdws zmfaam (rghnzml unin jgfanf jnamfa unsm-

dgzgrugjmnnf zgdfkhkam sgrimfznnf jnamfa igfmfadnz sghwnfa snunr jnhni jnf hwnr

jngrn` ewdws bgunr uznzwu ukumnh igfmfadnz nznu dgsgimhmdnf zgrfnd dgrbnw jnf

njnf}n jwdwfanf jnrm sgigrmfzn` jngrn` wfzwd sgfagibnfanf wun`n sgzgrfndnf

dgrbnw& Sginflnnznf zgdfkhkam igrwsndnf unhn` unzw enrn wfzwd igfmfadnzdnf

srkjwdzm|mznu imunhf}n jgfanf ughgdum sgibgrmnf sndnf znibn`nf jnf WIIB

(wrgn ikhnugu iwhzmfwzrmgf bhked- sgrbnmdnf infnogigf ugrzn sgfegan`nf inwswf

sgfnfanfnf sgf}ndmz&

Nfeninf (z`rgnzu-& Miskr jnamfa jm Dnhminfznf Zmiwr zmns zn`wff}n rghnzml

zgrwu igfmfadnz }nmzw 70< zkf (2332- zkf (2335- >&3< zkf (233


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Nhzgrfnzml Uzrnzgam

Bgbgrnsn uzrnzgam sgfagibnfanf dgrbnw rnqn jnsnz jmrwiwudnf jgfanf

igzkjg nfnhmumu UQKZ jgfanf igisgr`nzmdnf dkfjmum lndzkr mfzgrfnh jnf gduzgrfnh

jm nznu }nmzw ? Uzrgfaz`u)Ksskrzwfmzmgu (UK- Qgndfguugu)Ksskrzwfmzmgu (QK-

Uzrgfaz`u)Z`rgnzu (UZ- jnf Qgndfguugu)Z`rgnzu (QZ-& Uzrnzgam srkarguml UK (ig)

inflnnzdnf dgdwnznf wfzwd igrnm` sghwnfa- }nmzw sgfagibnfanf dgrbnw `nrwu

uguwnm jgfanf skzgfum jngrn` }nfa jmjwdwfa khg` zgdfkhkam inow bnmd jnrm uwjwz

sndnf bmbmz jnf infnogigf (dguqnf-& Dgzgrugjmnnf hn`nf }nfa hwnu igrwsndnf

skzgfum }nfa bgunr wfzwd igfmfadnzdnf skswhnum dgrbnw wfzwd igigfw`m sgrimfznnf

jnamfa jnf igfonjmdnf jngrn` mfm ugbnanm ugfzrn sgzgrfndnf dgrbnw& Dgrbnw jnsnz

jmjnznfadnf jnrm jngrn` hnmf }nfa igimhmdm dguninnf dkfjmum hmfadwfanf jm

Dgeninznf Iwnrn Iwfznm ug`mfaan jnsnz bgrnjnsznum jgfanf egsnz& Zkznh hn`nf }nfa

bgrskzgfum ugbnanm sgfagibnfanf zgrfnd dgrbnw njnhn` 72&=77 `n }nfa uwjn`

jmawfndnf ughwnu >&=1> `n ugjnfadnf }nfa bghwi jmawfndnf ughwnu 73&=0: `n

(Jmfnu Sgzgrfndnf Dwznm Dnrznfganrn 2330-& Sgrnf ugrzn nsnrnzwr sgzgrfnd+dghki)

skd znfm Sgf}whw` Sgrznfmnf Hnsnfanf (SSH- sgfghmzm jnf ndnjgimum sgrhw

jmzmfadnzdnf jnhni rnfadn sgfagibnfanf sgzgrfndnf&Sgfghmzmnf jnunr jnf zrnfulgr

zgdfkhkam bwjmjn}n }nfa uguwnm wfzwd dkfjmum ugzgisnz owan sgrhw jmhndwdnf wfzwd

igfaanhm skzgfum jnhni sgfagibnfanf sgzgrfndnf&

Uzrnzgam uznbmhmznum QK (igimfmiwidnf dghgin`nf wfzwd igrnm` sghwnfa-

jgfanf sgfmfadnznf srkjwdzm|mznu `monwnf indnfnf zgrfnd (@IZ- }nfa bgrdwnhmznu

zmfaam jnf bgrdgumfnibwfanf& Sgregsnznf njksum zgdfkhkam uguwnm dginiswnf sgzgr)

fnd nanr jnsnz jmawfndnf ugenrn kszminh& Srkarni sgfagibnfanf dgrbnw rnqn

`gfjndf}n igfjnsnz srmkrmznu bnmd jnrm sgigrmfzn` swunz inwswf jngrn`& Sgibm)

fnnf+sgf}whw`nf jnrm mfuznfum zgrdnmz }nfa hgbm` mfzgfuml jnf zgrsnjw jnhni `nhbwjmjn}n jnf dghgibnannf jnsnz igfmfadnzdnf srkjwdum zgrfnd&

Uzrnzgam nfzmumsnzml UZ (iginflnnzdnf dgdwnznf wfzwd igfa`njnsm nfeninf

produktivitas kerbau rawa di kecamatan muara muntai, kabupaten kutai kartanegara, kalimantan timur

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