ppt filsafat i

7/24/2019 PPT FILSAFAT I

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Curiosity As Basic Of ScienceDevelopment


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INTRODUCTION

Humans are Gods most perfectcreatures on t!is eart!" One of t!e si#nof perfection t!at is a #reat curiosity"

Humans $it! a #reat curiosity ma%est!em a&le to solve any pro&lems $it!'positive( consideration in t!eir mind"

And t!ats !o$ science appear and#ro$ up on eart!"


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A" CURIOSIT)

*!at ma%es people curious+ t!e researc! in t!eseareas is inconclusive and often contradictory"Curiosity is de,ned as a need- t!irst or desire for

%no$led#e" .i%e '$!at !appen+'- '!o$ could it&e+( or ot!er /uestion t!at refers to t!e speci,cans$er" T!at means t!at !umans !ave a curiosityt!at turned into t!e po$er of t!ou#!t $!ic! can &e#ro$n t!rou#!out t!e period in accordance $it! t!e

needs and desires t!at are never satis,ed- t!e mancontinues to see% and ,nd somet!in# t!at canma%e it easy and fun in !is life"


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B" 0rom Curiosity into Science

In t!e !istory of life- people are al$aystryin# to ,nd t!e trut!" A lon# process$!ere man &efore ,ndin# t!e trut!

t!ey s!ould !ave a curiosity a&out t!etrut!" *ant to %no$ t!e Sense processt!en &ecomes %no$led#e t!at can &e

accounted for as a trut!" T!e process&e#ins $it! several sta#es 1


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2yt!

Human curiosity apparently can not &esatis,ed only on t!e &asis ofo&servation or e3perience" 0or t!isreason- !uman &ein#s !ad !imselfans$ers to t!e curiosity" 2yt! is%no$led#e #ained t!rou#! e3perienceand simple t!ou#!ts and &eliefs

associated $it! t!e e3istence ofsupernatural po$ers" So t!at t!e%no$led#e o&tained are su&4ective"


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C" History of Science

1. Age of Ancient GreeceNatural sciences in t!e days of ancient Greececomes from t!e a&ility to o&serve anddiscriminate and e3perimental results

#uess$or% or trial and error" All t!e %no$led#e#ained &e ta%en for #ranted $it!out loo%in# for

t!e ori#in or cause and e5ect" A#e of ancientGreece at t!is sta#e of !uman %no$led#e as it

only accepts unli%e medieval times to t!e 67stcentury and modern times" Gree% c!aracterst!at contri&ute t!in%in# at t!at time is 1


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7" Ana3imander

6" Ana3imanes 89:;" Hera%loites 89:;


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2. Medieval Period

eople $!o s!ould &e called in t!emiddle of t!is century $as T!omasA/uinas 8766?


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3. Modern Times

In t!is modern era c!aracteried &yt!e emer#ence of streams on t!eac/uisition of scienti,c %no$led#e ortrut!" Amon# t!em is Rationalism-

mpiricism-Criticism and ositivism"0our ma4or ,#ures $!o represent t!efourt! stream is Rene Descartes- David

Hume- Immanuel ant and Au#usteComte


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Rationalism

T!e rationalism e3tensively is a p!ilosop!icalt!at approac! emp!asies t!e reason orratio as t!e main source of %no$led#e-precede or superior to- and free 8apart= from

t!e o&servation of t!e senses 8Hadi$iyono-7;- 6F 7=" T!e foundation stone of t!iso$ is Rene Descarte 879:


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mpiricism

David Hume < as t!e foundation stone for t!ec!aracter of empiricism < re4ect rationalism sayst!at true %no$led#e is derived from t!e ratio"Humes refutation consistently present in !is

e3planation of t!e lac% of su&stance in ourconsciousness" 0or !im t!e unity of t!ec!aracteristics of a su&stance called rationalismis 4ust ,ction- a &undle of collection of

perception- t!e su&stance is simply a collectionof perceptions alone" Accordin# to t!e nature oft!e ideas it is al$ays empirical 8)umartana-7>F 67="


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Criticism

Immanuel ant $as t!e foundationstone of t!e o$ of criticism" In a&road sense- criticism is a reason t!at

puts epistemolo#y as a very !i#! value&ut t!e intellect !as its limitations"

T!erefore- antian rationalism $it!

empiricism mendami%ana tried toar#ue t!at t!e nature of %no$led#esynt!esis"


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ositivismT!e 7t! century can &e re#arded as t!e centurypositivism < t!e c!aracter of Au#uste Comte 87@@=" ositive $ord alsoopposed to somet!in# t!at is not useful- and t!is is#oin# pro#ress 8pro#ress=" ositive also means clear

and precise" Here $e need a p!ilosop!y t!at is a&le to#ive or me&e&er%an p!enomena precisely and clearly"ositive is also t!e opposite of t!e $ord lin%a#esne#ative and t!ere is al$ays t!e pro&lem t!at led tot!e structurin# or controllin#"


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THAN )OU

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