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AILADNEGNEP ISAULAVE IDES METSIS NRETNI N NAA

UKAB NAHAB

atrakaygoY gnabaC ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR adaP susaK idutS

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

isnatnukA idutS margorP

:helO

ohorguN ihdiwruN XF

311411250 :MIN

ISNATNUKA NASURUJ ISNATNUKA IDUTS MARGORP

IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

AILADNEGNEP ISAULAVE IDES METSIS NRETNI N NAA

UKAB NAHAB


ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

isnatnukA idutS margorP

:helO

ohorguN ihdiwruN XF

311411250 :MIN

ISNATNUKA NASURUJ ISNATNUKA IDUTS MARGORP

IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM

haltukat ,nahalrep ujam alib tukat nagnaj

…naujamek ada kadit alib

amasreb hisam sutsirk susey nahut amales

tanod nad ,ranisreb hisam irahatam ,atik

hareynem hanrep nagnaj ,talub hisam

…umnanigniek rajegnem

utaus halnakub adebreb gnay gnaro idajnem

as gnay ..…hal

: kutnu nakhabmesrep silunep ini ispirkS

)mla( kapaB

ubI

gnaro naD - iaseles ini ispirks naknignignem gnay gnaro


v

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU IMONOKE SATLUKAF

ISNATNUKA NASURUJ – ISNATNUKA IDUTS MARGORP SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

nagned ispirks awhab nakataynem ayas ,ini hawabid nagnat adnatreb gnaY

luduj ukaB nahaB naaideS metsiS nretnI nailadnegneP isaulavE adaP susaK idutS adap ijuid kutnu nakujamid nad atrakaygoY gnabaC ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR

lisah halada 2102 sutsugA 41 laggnat .ayas ayrak ispirks malad awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayas ini nagneD

libma ayas gnay nial gnaro nasilut naigabes uata nahurulesek tapadret kadit ini lobmis uata tamilak naiakgnar kutneb malad urinem uata ,nilaynem arac nagned

g nakkujnunemb gnay gnay nial silunep irad narikimep uata tapadnep uata nasagahaloes uka ayas - naigab tapadret kadit uata nad iridnes ayas nasilut iagabes halo

nasilut irad libma ayas gnay uata ,urit ,nilas ayas gnay nasilut nahurulesek uatakagnep nakirebmem apnat nial gnaro .aynilsa silunep adap nau

,kadit nupuam ajagnes kiab ,sata id tubesret lah nakukalem ayas alibapA lisah iagabes nakuja ayas gnay ispirks kiranem nakataynem ayas ini nagned nakukalem ataynret ayas awhab itkubret naidumek aliB .ini iridnes ayas nasilut

dnit haloes nial gnaro nasilut urinem uata nilaynem naka - ayas narikimep lisah halo ayas latab satisrevinu helo nakirebid halet gnay hasaji nad raleg itrareb ,iridnes

.amiret

2102 sutsugA 13 ,atrakaygoY ,naataynrep taubmem gnaY

ohorguN ihdiwruN XF


iv

RABMEL NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP

AYRAK ISAKILBUP SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN : ohorguN ihdiwruN XF

MIN 311411250 :

naakatsuprep adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD:ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

( ukaB nahaB naaideS metsiS nretnI nailadnegneP isaulavE susaK idutS

)atrakaygoY gnabaC ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR adaP

ed nagneD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsuprep adapek nakirebmem ayas naikim ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem

nu nial aidem uata tenretni id aynnakisakilbupmem simedaka nagnitnepek kutapnat am ayas irad niji atnimem ulrep ayas adapek ytlayor nakirebmem nupu

.silunep iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD sutsugA 13 ,atrakaygoY 2102 gnaY nakataynem ohorguN ihdiwruN XF


iiv

KARTSBA

AILADNEGNEP ISAULAVE NRETNI N NAHAB NAAIDES METSIS UKAB


ohorguN ihdiwruN XF MIN 311411250 :

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

2102

nailadnegnep hakapa isaulavegnem kutnu )1( halada ini naitilenep naujuT kutnu )2( nad kiab nagned nalajreb hadus ukab nahab naaides metsis nretni hadus ukab nahab naaides metsis nretni nailadnegnep hakapa isaulavegnem

dap nakukalid ini naitileneP .fitkefe narotseR id tapmetreb 2102 lirpA nalub a.atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB

hakgnaL - ini naitilenep naujut iapacnem kutnu nakukalid gnay hakgnal nakispirksidnem halada ukab nahab naaides metsis nretni nailadnegnep nad

nailadnegnep sativitkefe naijugnep nakukalem naitilenep atad nalibmagneP .nretni nahalognep araC .isatnemukod nad ,aracnawaw ,isavresbo arac nagned helorepid

edotem nakanuggnem nagned atad dexif - elpmas - gnilpmas etubirtta ezis nagnedetubirtta padahret isasiroto aynkadit uata ada halada itiletid gnay nemukod

redro noitiseuqer nad .noitiseuqer esahcrup kiratid tapad nakukalid halet gnay isaulave nad naitilenep lisah iraD

)1( awhab nalupmisek narotser id ukab nahab naaides metsis nretni nailadnegnepc aseD ubmuB ipatet kiab nagned nalajreb hadus aynranebes atrakaygoY gnaba

akitek nahamelek tapadret lortnoc tsoc nahab nailebmep,ajrek kusam kadit ada ,uti niales nakukalid asib patet gnadug irad ukab nahab nalibmagnep/ukab

p metsiS )2( nad raggnalid gnay POS aparebeb nahab naaides nretni nailadnegne ukab hadus tubesret nemukod nakujagnem gnay nemetraped isasiroto adap fitkefe

isasiroto adap nakgnadeS .)%5( LPUD adapirad licek hibel )%3( LPUA aneraklortnoc tsoc .)%5( LPUD adapirad raseb hibel )%02( LPUA fitkefe muleb


iiiv

TCARTSBA

TNI FO NOITAULAVE NA WAR FO LORTNOC LANRE LAIRETAM YROTNEVNI

hcnarB atrakaygoY ,tnaruatseR aseD ubmuB ta ydutS esaC A

ohorguN ihdiwruN XF

MIN 311411250 :

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

2102

lanretnI eht ton ro rehtehw etaulave ot )1( erew yduts siht fo sesoprup ehT ot )2( dna llew gniog saw metsys seilppus lairetam war fo metsyS lortnoC seilppus lairetam war fo metsyS lortnoC lanretnI eht ton ro rehtehw etaulave

ser sihT .evitceffe saw metsys ubmuB ni detacol ,2102 lirpA ni enod saw hcrae.atrakaygoY aseD

eht gnibircsed yb erew yduts siht fo laog eht eveihca ot nekat spets ehT fo ssenevitceffe eht tset dna metsys seilppus slairetam war fo lortnoc lanretni

bo erew atad hcraeseR .lortnoc lanretni dna ,sweivretni ,noitavresbo yb deniatdexif eht saw desu gnissecorp atad fo dohtem ehT .noitatnemucod - elpmas - ezis

noitazirohtua eht ton ro rehtehw saw yduts rednu etubirtta htiw ;gnilpmas etubirtta redro ot tsixe noitiseuqer esahcrup dna redro noitiseuqer de .

eb dluoc ti ,enod neeb dah taht noitaulave dna hcraeser fo stluser eht morF ubmuB ta metsys seilppus slairetam war fo lortnoc lanretni eht )1( taht dedulcnoc tsoc nehW .ssenkaew saw ereht tub llew gninnur ydaerla saw atrakaygoY aseD

did nosrep lortnoc fo lawardhtiw / slairetam war fo esahcrup ,krow ot emoc ton POS emos erew ereht ,dna enod eb llits dluoc esuoheraw morf slairetam war noitisiuqer eht no seilppus slairetam war fo lortnoc lanretni eht)2( ,snoitaloiv

daerla si noitisiuqer esahcrup dna redro eht fo noitazirohtua eht no evitceffe y LPUD naht ssel saw )%3( LPUA esuaceb stnemucod eht delif taht tnemtraped LPUA sa evitceffe tey ton saw ti ,lortnoC tsoC fo noitazirohtua eht ni elihW .)%5(

.)%5( LPUD naht retaerg saw )%02(


xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK

halet gnay ,asE ahaM gnaY nahuT taridah ek hisak amiret nad rukuys ijuP

nakiaseleynem tapad aggnihes silunep adapek ainurak nad tamhar nakhapmilem

ludujreb ispirks ukaB nahaB naaideS metsiS nretnI nailadnegneP isaulavE“

aseD ubmuB narotseR adaP susaK idutS .”atrakaygoY gnabaC nasiluneP

raleg helorepemem kutnu tarays utas halas ihunemem kutnu naujutreb ini ispirks

atanaS satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF ,isnatnukA idutS margorP adap anajras

.amrahD

ibmib ,nautnab tapadnem silunep ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malaD nagn

amiret nakpacugnem silunep uti anerak helO .kahip iagabreb irad nahara nad

:adapek aggnihret kat gnay hisak

.1 silunep adapek nataukek nakirebmem ulales gnay sutsirK suseY nahuT

.iaseles tapad ini ispirks aggnihes

.2 matmatoyirP onoyriW suluaP .rI .rD atanaS satisrevinU rotker ukales .JS ,a

nad rajaleb kutnu natapmesek nakirebmem halet gnay amrahD

.silunep adapek naidabirpek nakgnabmegnem

.3 satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF nakeD ukales ,.iS.M ,ojdiraM yrreH .rD

.amrahD atanaS

.4 .iS.M ,onoyidrapuS .PY .srD idutS margorP auteK ulales AIQ ,.tkA ,

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU isnatnukA

.5 gnibmibmep nesod ukales .tkA ,.M.M ,irasnawanitsugA neiG .MFY .arD

nagnibmib ,naharagnep nakirebmem kutnu utkaw nakgnaulem halet gnay

ispirks aggnihes silunep adapek tahesan nad .iaseles tapad ini

.6 gnay kimedaka gnibmibmep nesod ukales .iS.M ,.E.S ,itawoyitsiluS amriF

satisrevinU id hailuk amales silunep gnibmibmem nad inamenem halet

.amrahD atanaS

.7 otnayrahuS ,atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB kilimep ukales yliL aiserehT

,otikuL ukales uradN kaP ,aseD ubmuB teltuO rejanaM ukales .E.S tsoC

lortnoC ukales aslE uB nad aseD ubmuB gnitnuoccA feihC .aseD ubmuB


x

ini ispirks naitilenep amales aynnagnukud nad nautnab sata hisak amireT

.gnusgnalreb

.8 P suisisraT ,atnicret silunep agrauleK kituT acsicnarF ,)mla( idraW sulua

igoY aiserehT ,nawayteS iduB senahoY ,saytgninitsE iruP MC ,itayidruM

nad tagnames nakirebmem ulales gnay PN ainruK kcirtaP nad irtsariW

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem amales silunep adapek nagnorod

.9 tabahaS - “ malad silunep tabahas tnemeganaM nubmaT sirA sunitraM ”

aiR ,.E.S ,ijA omorB sutcideneB ,.E.S ,lraK sunafetS ,.E.S ,ogobmairP

taub hisak amireT .E.S ,irasamanruP naiD itawolisiG ,.E.S ,irasatipsuP

pirks aggnihes nailak tagnames nad nakeje ,nagnukud .iaseles asib ini is

.01 nameT - nagnaujrepes namet ”iarumaS tsaL ehT“ ,artuP araggnA ahduY

hanrep naka kat atik rihkaret nagnaujrep atireC .anilaksaP airaM ,ytsriF

.nakapul ayas

.11 gnay utasrep utas naktubes silunep asib kadit gnay kahip aumeS

lad utnabmem .ini ispirks nakiaseleynem ma

helo ,nagnarukek kaynab hisam ini ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP

tapad ini ispirks agomeS .naras nad kitirk nakparahgnem silunep uti anerak

.acabmep igab taafnamreb

,atrakaygoY sutsugA 13 2102

ohorguN ihdiwruN XF


ix

ISI RATFAD

namalaH

......…………………………………………………… LUDUJ NAMALAH

…………………………… GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH

..……………………………………………. NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH

SREP NAMALAH ..………………………………………….. NAHABME

..……………. SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP NAMALAH

EP NAATAYNREP NAMALAH BUP NAUJUTESR ISAKIL ………… ….

...………………………………………………………………. KARTSBA

.………………………………………………………………. TCARTSBA

.………………………………………. RATNAGNEP ATAK NAMALAH

..……………………………………………….. ISI RATFAD NAMALAH

…………………………………..………... LEBAT RATFAD NAMALAH

…………………………………...…………... NAULUHADNEP I BAB

.A ………………………………………. halasaM gnakaleB rataL

.B …………………………………………….. halasaM nasumuR .

.C ………………………………………………. halasaM nasataB

.D ...…………………………………………….. naitileneP naujuT

.E ……………………………………………... naitileneP taafnaM

.F nasiluneP akitametsiS ...………………………………………...

………………………………………….. AKATSUP NAUAJNIT II BAB

.A ………………………...…………………………... metsiS ……

.1 ..……………………………………….. metsiS naitregneP

.2 ..………………………………………metsiS kitsiretkaraK

.B ...………………………………………... sativitkefE naitregneP

.C ...……………...……………………nretnI nailadnegneP metsiS

.1 .………………………….. nretnI nailadnegneP naitregneP

.2 ...…………………………….. nretnI nailadnegneP naujuT

.3 rusnU - ..……………….. nretnI nailadnegneP metsiS rusnu

.D ..………………………………………………………... naaideS

i

ii

iii

vi

v

iv

iiv

iiiv

xi

ix

vix

1

1

3

4

4

4

5

7

7

7

8

01

01

01

11

31

61


iix

.1 ……………………………………...… naaideS naitregneP

.2 sineJ - ………………………………………... naaideS sinej

.E …… naaideS satA nretnI nailadnegneP .…..……………………

.F ...………………………………………… nahutapeK naijugneP

.G .……………... nahutapeK naijugneP kutnu gnilpmaS lakitsitatS

.H ……………………………………………………….. abalaraW

.1 ..……………………………..……… abalaraW naitregneP

.2 rosihcnarF nad eesihcnarF ....…..…………………………

.3 .…………………………………………… abalaraW sineJ

.4 metsiS nahameleK nad naluggnueK esihcnarF …………...

.………………………………………... NAITILENEP EDOTEM III BAB

.A ..……………………………………………….. naitileneP sineJ

.B ...……………...………………… naitileneP tapmeT nad utkaW

.C .…………………………………... naitileneP kejbO nad kejbuS

.D .………………………..…………………nakulrepiD gnay ataD

.E .……...…………………………………… lepmaS nad isalupoP

.F ...……………………...…………… ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

.G …...……………………………………… ataD sisilanA kinkeT

NAAHASUREP MUMU NARABMAG VI BAB .………………………...

.A .……………………………….. aseD ubmuB narotseR gnatneT

.B ..……………………………... aseD ubmuB narotseR sahK iriC

.C ……………………………………………... naahasureP naujuT

.D ,isasinagrO rutkurtS kseD boJ .....……………… ajreK maJ nad

.E bmuB narotseR satilisaF nad ahasU gnadiB gnabaC aseD u

..…………………………………………………… atrakaygoY

..……………………………... NASAHABMEP NAD SISILANA V BAB

.A narotseR ukaB nahaB naaideS metsiS nretnI nailadnegneP

...……………...…………… atrakaygoY gnabaC aseD ubmuB

.1 isgnuF - ...………...…………………… tiakreT gnay isgnuF

.2 .………………………………………… isgnuF nahasimeP

.3 ..…………………...……………… tiakreT gnay nemukoD

61

61

71

81

91

32

32

52

52

82

31

13

13

23

23

23

33

43

93

93

14

24

24

84

05

05

05

25

45


iiix

.4 naaideS metsiS malaD id adA gnay isnatnukA natataC

.......................................................................... ukaB nahaB

.5 rusnU iroeT nagnidnabreP - gneP rusnU nretnI nailadne

...…………………………………….. idajreT gnay nagned

.B narotseR adap nretnI nailadnegneP sativitkefE naijugneP

...……………...…………… atrakaygoY gnabaC aseD ubmuB

.1 kutnu LPUA etubirttA gnay nemetrapeD irad isasirotO

nakujagneM ........ noitiseuqeR esahcruP ..............................

.2 kutnu LPUA etubirttA irad isasirotO lortnoC tsoC gnay

iujuteyneM ........................................ noitiseuqeR esahcruP

.3 kutnu LPUA etubirttA nemetrapeD irad isasirotO K nehcti

nakujagneM gnay ... redrO noitiseuqeR ................................

.4 kutnu LPUA etubirttA irad isasirotO lortnoC tsoC gnay

iujuteyneM ............................................. redrO noitiseuqeR

...……………………………………………………… PUTUNEP IV BAB

.A ..………………………………………………….. nalupmiseK

.B ...…………………………...………… naitileneP nasatabreteK

.C ………………………..………………………………… naraS

..…...………………………………………………… AKATSUP RATFAD

NARIPMAL

55

65

36

86

86

27

27

47

47

57

57

77


vix

LEBAT RATFAD

namalaH

turuneM iroeT aratnA nagnidnabreP .1.5 lebaT fo etutitsnI naciremA

stnatnuoccA cilbuP deifitreC gnay naidajeK nagneD )APCIA(

.………atrakaygoY gnabaC aseD ubmuB narotseR id idajreT



trakaygoY gnabaC aseD ubmuB narotseR id idajreT .………a



…………atrakaygoY gnabaC aseD ubmuB narotseR id idajreT


reC stnatnuoccA cilbuP deifit gnay naidajeK nagneD )APCIA(




uB narotseR id idajreT …………atrakaygoY gnabaC aseD ubm








stnatnuoccA cilbuP deifitreC ay naidajeK nagneD )APCIA( gn





nidnabreP .01.5 lebaT turuneM iroeT aratnA nag fo etutitsnI naciremA


56

75

85

85

95

06

06

16

16


vx

.………atrakaygoY gnabaC aseD ubmuB narotseR id idajreT

…………kacA araceS hipilreT gnay nemukoD laggnaT ratfaD .11.5 lebaT

naaskiremeP lisaH .21.5 elbaT nemukoD ..................noitiseuqeR esahcruP

nemukoD naaskiremeP lisaH .31.5 elbaT ........................redrO noitiseuqeR

26

46

56

96


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A L rata B gnakale M halasa

ned lanekret aisenodnI rabesret gnay ayadub nad ukus namagarakenaek nag

gnisaM .aratnasun kosolep hurulesid - tubesret ayadub nad ukus gnisam

asib gnay arac kaynaB .iridnes sahk iric iaynupmem gnay nakasam ikilimem

C .tubesret atik gnayom kenen nasiraw itamkinem kutnu nakukal atik ara

nakasam itamkinem kutnu hadum gnilap - nagned halada tubesret nakasam

nakam hamur id aynilebmem - rabesret gnay narotser uata nakam hamur

hamur gnatnet isamrofni iuhategnem kutnu ,ini gnarakeS .aisenodnI hurulesid

asib hadum nagned uti narotser uata nakam araca kaynaB .helorep atik - araca

isiveletid .uti gnatnet amet takgnagnem gnay

haread halada aynnakasam adap sahk iric ikilimem gnay haread utas halaS

haread irad itamkin atik asib gnay nakasam kaynaB .)adnuS( nadnusaP

nem gnay narotser utas halaS .tubesret y nakasam macam iagabreb nakaide

S narotseR .”aseD ubmuB” narotser halada adnu isakolreb ilak amatrep gnay

1.on iwsaL nalaJ id S 81 laggnat ,utbaS irah adap iridreb ini gnudnaB rebmetpe

2102 nuhat iapmaS .4002 ik ”aseD ubmuB” narotser , 34 iaynupmem halet in

c adareb gnay kusamret ,aisenodnI id atok iagabreb id rabesret gnay gnaba

id atrakaygoY J nala initraK N utas halas nakapurem inI .nagaS 8.o itkub

.aisenodnI takaraysam hurules id amiretid nad satilaukreb ini narotser awhab


2

kutnu nanakam nakhutubmem gnay aisunam rasad tafis nagned gnirieS

narotser nalucnumreb kaynab akam ,pudih nahatreb - narotser gnay

narotser nagned nakgnidnabid nasahkek nad naluggnuek kaynab nakrawanem

ih nagnusgnalek agajnem kutnu nakukalid ini laH .aynnial uti narotser pud

iridnes U . utaus pudih nagnusgnalek agajnem malad gnitnep gnilap gnay rusn

narotser id nakrawatid gnay nakasam asar atic agajnem halada narotser

.tubesret patet nup ini narotseR .”aseD ubmuB“ narotser helo iradasid nup inI

satilauk agajnem .aynnakasam asar atic nad

ukab nahab nakulrepid aynitsap kiab gnay asar atic naklisahgnem kutnU

.tapet gnay nahalognep kinket nad nakulrepid akam ,uti anerak helO

.tubesret narotser nahutubek ipukucnem asib gnay ukab nahab naaidesrep

akulrepid ,uti nialeS arac aguj n - arac tapet naaidesrep alolegnem kutnu

.tubesret ,narotser malad lativ pukuc gnay naigab idajnem naaidesrep aneraK

ini naaidesrep nakiladnegnem asib gnay nailadnegnep utaus nakulrepid akam .

abmekrep nagned nalajeS ”aseD ubmuB” narotser kilimep ,aynahasu nagn

kadit iladnegnem nad isawagnem tapad gnay nataigek hurules aynnalaj nak

adapek ayngnanewew nakhapmilem kilimep aggnihes gnusgnal araces idajret

.aynnahawab halini nasala nagneD ikgnumem gnay tala utaus nakhutubid nakn

kilimep kutnu kadit araces naahasurep aynnalaj isawagnem tapad patet

nakropalid gnay apa awhab nanikayek nakirebmem gnay ,gnusgnal

raneb uti aynnahawab - .ayacrepid tapad raneb a utas halaS halada ini tal

.nretni nailadnegnep


3

nretni nailadnegnep metsiS ini kifiseps rudesorp nad nakajibek irad iridret

nemejanam igab rajaw gnay nanikayek nakirebmem kutnu gnacnarid gnay

rep igab gnitnep gnadnapid gnay narasas nad naujut awhab naka naahasu

.iapacret ujutreb nemejanam nakparetid gnay nretni nailadnegnep naujuT na

,isasinagro naayakek agajnem utiay ,naujut aparebeb iapacnem kutnu

.nemejanam nakajibek aynihutapid gnorodnem nad isneisife gnorodnem

utnet muleb naahasurep adap nakparetid gnay nretni nailadnegnep utauS

es nalajreb tapad hadus nupualaw fitkefe nad kiab uti naahasurep amal

nahamelek tapadret itsap ,uti metsis utaus malaD .nakiridid - nad nahamelek

aladnek - .naahasurep helo isataid tapad aynsurahes gnay aladnek akiJ

uti naahasurep nikgnum kadit akam ikiabrepid areges kadit uti nahamelek

aigurek imalagnem naka aguj tapad akam surenem suret idajret ini akij nad n

B .naturkgnabek imalagnem kiratret silunep akam sata id naiaru nakrasadre

: luduj takgnagnem kutnu “ isaulavE metsiS nretnI nailadnegneP naaideS

”ukaB nahaB gnabaC ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR adaP susaK idutS

oY atrakayg .

.B halasaM nasumuR

iraD gnakaleb ratal sataid nasumur nakisakifitnedignem silunep akam ,

: tukireb iagabes halasam

.1 nahab naaides metsis nretni nailadnegnep hakapA narotseR id ukab

C ”aseD ubmuB“ ?kiab nagned nalajreb hadus atrakaygoY gnaba


4

.2 nahab naaides metsis nretni nailadnegnep hakapA narotseR id ukab

C ”aseD ubmuB“ ?fitkefe hadus atrakaygoY gnaba

.C halasaM nasataB

P iapmas aynah sahabid gnay halasam isatabmem silune isaulavegnem

kab nahab naaidesrep metsis nretni nailadnegnep sativitkefe u narotser adap

C aseD ubmuB ajas atrakaygoY gnaba aynada irad uajnitid kahip irad isasiroto

isasiroto nakirebmem gnanewreb gnay . ahasu gnadib isatabmem aguj siluneP

.ajas aynnarotser ahasu gnadib halaynah itiletid naka gnay

.D naitileneP naujuT

.1 kutnU m egne isaulav nahab naaides metsis nretni nailadnegnep hakapa

C ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR id ukab nalajreb hadus atrakaygoY gnaba

.kiab nagned

.2 m kutnU egne isaulav nahab naaides metsis nretni nailadnegnep hakapa

C ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR id ukab goY gnaba .fitkefe hadus atrakay

naitileneP taafnaM .E

.1 C ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR igaB atrakaygoY gnaba

tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisaH ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR utnabmem

C goY gnaba nretni nailadnegnep nahamelek ikiabrepmem kutnu atrakay

.ada hadus gnay


5

.2 amrahD atanaS satisrevinU igaB

p lisaH naakatsuprep isnerefer habmanem tapad nakparahid ini naitilene

gnatnet aynsusuhk ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU isaulave nretni nailadnegnep

.narotser utaus adap ukab nahab naaidesrep metsis

.3 acabmeP igaB

acabmep nauhategnep habmanem tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisaH

gnatnet isaulave adap ukab nahab naaidesrep metsis nretni nailadnegnep

.narotser utaus

.4 siluneP igaB

gnay iroet aratna gnidnab iduts iagabes nakanugid tapad ini naitileneP

males helorepid .aynranebes gnay ahasu ainud nagnukgnil nagned hailuk a

.F akitametsiS nasiluneP

B ba I nauluhadneP

ianegnem sahabid naka ini bab adaP nasumur ,halasam gnakaleb ratal

nad ,naitilenep taafnam ,halasam nasatab ,naitilenep naujut ,halasam

.ispirks nasilunep akitametsis

B ba II akatsuP nauajniT

nakanugid gnay akatsup nauajnit ianegnem sahabid naka ini bab adaP

gnem nad nakispirksednem malad rasad iagabes e isaulav nailadnegnep

ukab nahab naaides metsis nretni .


6

B ba naitileneP edoteM III

nad utkaw ,naitilenep sinej ianegnem sahabid naka ini bab adaP

nalupmugnep kinket ,naitilenep kejbo nad kejbus ,naitilenep tapmet

.atad sisilana kinket atres ,nakulrepid gnay atad sinej ,atad

B ba naahasureP mumU narabmaG VI

tnet sahabid naka ini bab adaP ,naahasurep sahk iric ,naahasurep gna

,naahasurep aynnakiridid naujut s rutkurt o ,isasinagr j bo d kse nad j ma

k ajre b , gnadi u nad ahas f satilisa .naahasurep

B ba V naasahabmeP nad ataD sisilanA

ianegnem sahabid naka ini bab adaP p nailadnegne i nretn s metsi

s naaide b naha b uka nretni nailadnegnep sativitkefe naijugnep nad

.ukab nahab naaides

B ba putuneP IV

,nasahabmep irad nalupmisek ianegnem sahabid naka ini bab adaP

taafnamreb tapad nakparahid gnay naras nad ,naitilenep nasatabretek

naahasurep igab ayntukireb itilenep atres .


7

II BAB

AKATSUP NAUAJNIT

.A metsiS

1 naitregneP . S metsi

:5002( idayluM turuneM kopmolekes halada metsis naitregnep ,)2

isgnufreb gnay aynnial gnay nagned utas nagnubuhreb tare gnay rusnu

amasreb - nosnikliW nakgnadeS .utnetret naujut iapacnem kutnu amas

:7991( y nautasek utaus halada metsis awhab nakakumegnem )23 gna

nenopmok irad iridret - pmok o iaynupmem nad natiakreb gnilas gnay nen

.amas gnay naujut aparebeb uata utas

:3002( anahaW helo nakakumekid gnay metsis naitregneP )82

gnay naigab aparebeb irad iridret gnay hutu gnay nautasek utaus halada

nagnubuhreb gnilas .utnetret naujut iapacnem kutnu iskaretnireb nad

utauses halada metsis naitregnep nakakumegnem )1002( ohorguN

naigab ikilimem gnay - iapacnem kutnu iskaretnireb gnilas gnay naigab

utiay ,napahat agit iulalem utnetret naujut ,tupni nad ,sesorp tuptuo aP . ad

amatreP .tarays aud ihunemem alib metsis tubesid tapad utauses aynrasad

naigab ikilimem halada - duskam nagned iskaretnireb gnilas gnay naigab

tapad metsis ragA .metsisbus tubesid gnay ,utnetret naujut iapacnem kutnu

,neisife nad fitkefe araces isgnufreb metsisbus - gnilas surah uti metsisbus

.aynnial nagned utas aratna iskaretnireb


8

isakinumok iulalem amaturet iapacret asib ini iskaretnI isamrofni

bus ratna naveler gnay metsisbus utas aratna aynasaib ,numaN .metsis

araces aynhasimep sirag tahilid tapad kadit aynnial metsisbus nagned

ayntauk naikimed uti metsisbus ratna nilajret gnay iskaretni anerak ,saget

nit gnapmut gnilas ilak gnires nad awhab halada audek gnay tarayS .hid

utiay ,rusnu agit ikilimem surah metsis utaus tupni nad ,sesorp , tuptuo .

tupnI tapad uti metsis ayapus aganet irebmep uata kareggnep nakapurem

nakgnadeS .nakisarepoid tuptuo malad gnay isarepo lisah halada

naitregnep naisarepognep tegrat uata ,narasas ,naujut itrareb anahredes

tupni habugnem gnay sativitka halada iridnes uti sesorP .metsis utaus

.tuptuo idajnem

2 kitsiretkaraK . S metsi

gnay metsis malad gnudnakret gnay kitsiretkarak nupadA

otnayigoJ helo nakakumekid nenopmok ikilimem halada )5002( -

( metsis satab ,nenopmok yradnuob gnubuhgnep ,metsis raul nagnukgnil ,)

( ecafretni ,) tuptuo ,tupni .naujut uata narasas nad sesorp ,

gnilas gnay nenopmok halmujes irad iridret metsis utauS

amasajrekeb gnilas gnay ,iskaretnireb .nautasek utaus kutnebmem

nenopmoK - naigab uata metsisbus utaus apureb tapad metsis nenopmok -

tafis iaynupmem metsisbus paiteS .metsis irad naigab - metsis irad tafis

araces sesorp ihuragnepmem nad utnetret isgnuf naknalajnem kutnu

p akij ,hotnoC .nahurulesek ,metsis utaus iagabes gnadnapid naahasure

.aynmetsisbus halada isnatnuka metsis akam


9

haread nakapurem gnay metsis satab iaynupmem metsis utauS

nagned uata aynnial metsis nagned metsis utaus aratna isatabmem gnay

tsis utaus sataB .aynraul nagnukgnil e irad pukgnil gnaur nakkujnunem m

.metsis utaus

metsis irad satab raul id nupapa halada metsis raul nagnukgniL

tafisreb tapad metsis raul nagnukgniL .metsis isarepo ihuragnepmem gnay

tafisreb aliB .metsis nakigurem tafisreb aguj tapad ipat nakgnutnugnem

nem nad agajid patet surah tubesret nagnukgnil akam nakgnutnug

nad nahatid surah akam nakigurem tafisreb alib numaN .arahilepid

.metsis irad pudih nagnusgnalek uggnaggnem tapad anerak nakiladnekid

ratna nakgnubuhgnem gnay aidem nakapurem metsis gnubuhgneP

us rebmus naknikgnumem gnay ,metsisb - utas irad rilagnem ayad rebmus

.aynnial metsisbus ek metsisbus

tupnI .metsis malad ek nakusamid gnay igrene halada tupnI iridret

utiay ,macam aud irad tupni ecnanetniam nad tupni langis . ecnanetniaM

tupni nay igrene halada tapad tubesret metsis ayapus nakkusamid g

.retupmok metsis malad retupmok margorp halada aynhotnoC .isareporeb

nakgnadeS tupni langis naktapadid kutnu sesorpid gnay igrene halada

,tuptuo nakgnadeS .isamrofni idajnem haloid gnay atad aynhotnoc

a naraulek uat tuptuo aynlasim ,haloid gnay igrene irad lisah halada

.nagnauek isamrofni

naka gnay metsis irad naigab nakapurem metsis nahalogneP

haburem tupni idajnem tuptuo nlasiM . naka isnatnuka metsis ,ay


01

atad halognem - nial naropal nad nagnauek naropal idajnem iskasnart atad

uata naujut aynup itsap metsis utauS .nemejanam nakhutubid gnay

nakutnenem tagnas naka metsis irad narasas anerak ,narasas tupni gnay

nad metsis nakhutubid tuo tup .metsis naklisahid naka gnay

.B sativitkefE naitregneP

tapadret anerak isneisife naitregnep irad sapel kadit sativitkefe naitregneP

.aynsatisapak tahilem nagned naksumurid tapad isneisifE .tare gnay nagnubuh

i aratna nagnidnabrep nakapurem atak kedneP tuptuo nagned )ayaib( tupn

nalisahrebek utaus dajared iagabes naksumurid sativitkefe gnades ,)lisah(

naujut idajnem gnay apa iapacnem kutnu aynahasu malad isasinagro utaus

lisah nagned nagnubuhreb sativitkefe naitregnep aynranebes idaJ .naahasurep

oisarepo .)75:8991 ,ynhoJ ,nawayteS( aynlan

nagned nakukalid tapad nretni nailadnegnep sativitkefe iuhategnem kutnU

( LPUA nakgnidnabmem )timiL noisicerP reppU deveihcA LPUD nad dereD(

.)timiL noisicerP reppU .naknigniid gnay sata natapetek satab halada LPUD

ynlasiM gnay nahalasek lamiskam satab itrareb %5 LPUD nakutnetid a

.%5 ihibelem helob kadit itnan libmaid naka gnay lepmas malad iapmujid

.lepmas malad iapmujid gnay aynataynes nahalasek halada LPUA

.C nretnI nailadnegneP metsiS

.1 nretnI nailadnegneP naitregneP

naitregnep nakakumegnem )252:1002( pusuJ onoyraH

aisenodnI natnukA natakI helo isinifed nagned iauses nretni nailadnegnep

)IAI(


11

helo naknalajid gnay sesorp utaus halada nretni nailadnegneP gnay satitne malad nial lenosrep nad ,nemejanam ,sirasimok nawed

id naiapacnep gnatnet iadamem nanikayek nakirebmem kutnu niased ,nagnauek naropalep naladnaek )a( : ini tukireb naujut nagnolog agit mukuh padahret nahutapek )c( nad ,isarepo isneisife nad sativitkefe )b(

.ukalreb gnay narutarep nad tid gnay 87 oN SAS turuneM helo naktibre fo etutitsnI naciremA

stnatnuoccA cilbuP deifitreC nretnI nailadnegnep isinifed ,)APCIA(

: tukireb iagabes naktubesid

ssecorp a si lortnoc lanretnI“ – fo draob s’ytitne na yb detceffa lennosrep rehto dna ,tnemeganam ,srotcerid – p ot dengised edivor

eht ni sevitcejbo fo tnemeveihca eht gnidrager ecnarussa elbanosaer )b( ,gnitroper laicnanif fo ytilibailer )a( : seirogetac gniwollof htiw ecnailpmoc )c( dna ,snoitarepo fo ycneiciffe dna ssenevitceffe

”.snoitaluger dna swal elbacilppa ludujreb gnay aynlekitra malaD noisolpxE lortnoC lanretnI ehT ,

iauses nretni nailadnegnep isinifed naktubeynem )0002( roojiaM evetS

helo nakratnolid aguj gnay APCIA helo naktibretid gnay 87 .oN SAS

snoitazinagrO gnirosnopS fo eettimmoC naataynreP .)OSOC( tubesret

:tukireb iagabes iynubreb

nrecnoc dna slortnoc gnitnuocca ot refer slortnoc lanretni ,…“ noitazirohtua ,seitud fo snoitagerges ekil snoitazinagro ni serusaem dna stessa tcetorp ot serusaem ,erutcurts noitazinagro ,seicilop

biderc dna ,snoitamrofni ”…tset ytili .2 nretnI nailadnegneP naujuT

: halada nretni nailadnegnep naujut ,)0002( snerA .A nivlA turuneM

.a gnitroper laicnanif fo ytilibaileR

.b snoitarepo fo ycneiciffe dna ssenevitceffE

.c snoitaluger dna swal elbacilppa htiw ecnailpmoC

02( idayluM naujut nakakumegnem )20 nial aratna nretni nailadnegnep :


21

.a .isasinagro naayakek agajneM

utaus kisif naayakek ignudnilem kutnu nakanugid nretni nailadnegneP

,irucid tapad naahasurep utaus kisif naayakek anerak ,naahasurep

kutnu aguj utigeB .naakalecek anerak rucnah uata ,nakanug halasid

epes ,kisif dujuw ikilimem kadit gnay naahasurep naayakek gnatuip itr

.nagnarucek naka nawar tagnas gnagad nemukod uti anerak helO

.agajid surah isnatnuka natatac nad gnitnep

.b .natatac nad avitka naknamagneM

ladna nad itilet gnay nagnauek isamrofni nakulremem nemejanaM

aynaB .aynahasu nataigek naknalajnem kutnu isnatnuka isamrofni k

nasutupek nalibmagnep rasad kutnu nemejanam helo nakanugid gnay

naimaj nakirebmem kutnu gnacnarid nretni nailadnegneP .gnitnep

isamrofni naklisahgnem naka gnay isnatnuka atad nahalognep sesorp

ad aneraK .ladna nad itilet gnay nagnauek naknimrecnem isnatnuka at

naladnaek nad naitiletek akam ,naahasurep atad naayakek nahaburep

naanuggnep nabawajgnuggnatrep nakiskelferem isnatnuka atad

.naahasurep naayakek

.c .isneisife gnorodneM

ahasu isakilpud hagecnem kutnu nakujutid nretni nailadnegneP gnay

,naahasurep sinsib nataigek alages malad nasorobmep uata ulrep kadit

nnaanuggnep hagecnem kutnu nad kadit gnay naahasurep ayad rebmus

.neisife


31

.d .nemejanam nakajibek aynihutapid gnorodneM

nakajibek nakpatenem nemejanam ,naahasurep naujut iapacnem kutnU

nakirebmem kutnu nakujutid nretni nailadnegneP .rudesorp nad

helo ihutapid nemejanam nakajibek raga iadamem gnay nanimaj

.naahasurep nawayrak

.3 rusnU - nretnI nailadnegneP metsiS rusnU

rusnU -u iladnegneP rusn APCIA helo taubid gnay nretnI na ,idayluM(

:1002 )461 :halada

.a lanoisgnuf bawaj gnuggnat nakhasimem gnay isasinagro rutkurtS

.saget araces

malad lanoisgnuf araces bawaj gnuggnat naigabmeP

pisnirp adap nakrasadid isasinagro - ukireb pisnirp :ini t

)1 isgnuf nakhasipid suraH - nad iskasnart isasiroto isgnuf

isnatnuka isgnuf irad nanapmiynep

)2 hunep bawaj gnuggnat irebid helob kadit isgnuf utauS

.iskasnart utaus pahat aumes nakanaskalem kutnu

.b metsiS nakirebmem gnay natatacnep rudesorp nad gnanewew

,natapadnep gnatu ,naayakek padahret pukuc gnay nagnudnilrep

.ayaib nad

irad isasiroto rasad sata idajret aynah iskasnart paiteS

aynidajret iujuteynem kutnu gnanewew ikilimem gnay tabajep

tubesret iskasnart taubid surah isasinagro malad ,uti anerak helO .

sata isasiroto kutnu gnanewew naigabmep rutagnem gnay metsis


41

surah idajret gnay iskasnart paiteS .iskasnart paites aynanaskalret

nimajnem aggnihes ,utnetret natatacnep rudesorp iulalem tatacid

nad naitiletek .naklisahid gnay isnatnuka atad naladnaek

.c paites isgnuf nad sagut nakanaskalem malad tahas gnay kitkarP

.isasinagro tinu

gnanewew metsis nad lanoisgnuf bawaj gnuggnat naigabmeP

naka kadit nakparetid halet gnay natatacnep rudesorp nad

nagned anaskalret arac nakatpicid kadit akij kiab - kutnu arac

nupadA .aynnaanaskalep malad tahas gnay kitkarp nimajnem

arac - malad naahasurep helo hupmetid gnay mumu arac

: halada tahes gnay kitkarp nakatpicnem

)1 katecret turu romonreb rilumrof naanuggneP derebmunerp(

)mrof helo nakbawajgnuggnatrepid surah ayniakamep gnay

.gnanewreb gnay

)2 kadadnem naaskiremeP )tidua desirprus( naaskiremeP .

hibelret nauhatirebmep apnat nakanaskalid kadadnem

gnay lawdaj nagned askirepid gnay kahip adapek uluhad

.rutaret kadit

)3 asnart paiteS iapmas lawa irad nakukalid helob kadit isk

ada apnat isasinagro tinu utas uata gnaro utas helo rihka

.nial isasinagro tinu uata gnaro irad nagnat rupmac

)4 natabaj naratupreP )noitator boj( gnay natabaj naratupreP .

epedni agajnem naka nitur araces nakadaid tabajep isnedn


51

aggnihes ,aynnaujut nakanaskalem malad

.iradnihid tapad akerem aratnaid nalokgnokgnesrep

)5 .kahreb gnay nawayrak igab ituc nalibmagnep nasuraheK

ituc libmagnem nakbijawid naahasurep icnuk nawayraK

nawayrak ,ituc amaleS .aynkah idajnem gnay gnay

,nial tabajep helo aratnemes nakitnagid natukgnasreb

nemetraped malad nagnarucek idajret ayniadnaes aggnihes

helo nakpakgnuid tapad nakparahid natukgnasreb gnay

.tubesret itnaggnep tabajep

)6 naayakek kisif nakococnep nakadaid kidoirep araceS

c nagned .aynisnatnuka natata

)7 kutnu sagutreb gnay isasinagro tinu nakutnebmeP

rusnu sativitkefe kecegnem - nailadnegnep rutkurts rusnu

.nretni

.d .aynbawaj gnuggnat nagned iauses aynutum gnay nawayraK

idajnem gnay gnadib malad ilha nad rujuj gnay nawayraK

nagned aynnaajrekep nakanaskalem tapad naka aynbawaj gnuggnat

gnay nawayrak helo nakanaskalid akij numan ,fitkefe nad neisife

kadit nretni nailadnegnep naujut akam rujuj nad netepmokreb kadit

cret naka .iapa


61

.D naaideS

)1 naaideS naitregneP

naaides naitregnep ,)KAS( nagnaueK isnatnukA radnatS malaD

: tukireb iagabes nakisinifedid

naaidesreP : avitka halada

.a ;lamron ahasu nataigek malad laujid kutnu aidesreT

.b uata ;nanalajrep malad uata nad iskudorp sesorp malaD

.c napakgnelrep uata nahab kutneb malaD )seilppus( kutnu

”.asaj nairebmep uata iskudorp sesorp malad nakanugid

40 .41 .oN )KASP( nagnaueK isnatnukA radnatS naataynreP adaP

rab isinifed naktubesid )2002( itupilem naaideS : nial aratna nagnagad gna

gnarab aynlasim ,ilabmek laujid kutnu napmisid nad ilebid gnay gnarab

hanat naadagnep uata ,ilabmek laujid kutnu recegnep helo ilebid nagnagad

.ilabmek laujid kutnu aynnial itreporp nad

nakirebmem )0002( dleifraW nad ,tdnagyeW ,oseiK nakgnadeS

tukireb iagabes naaides isinifed ni elas rof dleh meti tessa era yrotnevnI”:

ni demusnoc ro desu eb lliw taht sdoog ro ssenisub fo esruoc yranidro eht

.”dlos eb ot sdoog fo noitcudorp eht

.2 sineJ -J naaideS sine

isakifisalk naktubeynem ,)1002( sekuD nad ,sivaD ,namkcyD

: nial aratna naaides

.a nagnagaD gnaraB naaideS


71

helo ilabmek laujid kutnu ilebid gnay gnarab halada nagnagad gnaraB

.gnagad naahasurep helo uata recegnep

.b rutkafunaM gnaraB

d iridreT : irogetak aparebeb ira

)1 naklisahid gnay gnarab halada ,ukab nahab uata hatnem gnaraB

napmisid nad )nagnabmatrep irad aynlasim( utnetret tapmet irad

.rutkafunam naahasurep helo kudorp halognem nakanugid kutnu

)2 mem gnay gnarab halada sesorp malad gnaraB sesorp nakhutub

.laujid pais mulebes tujnal hibel

)3 .laujid pais nad rihka idaj gnarab halada idaj gnaraB

)4 kaynim nairebmep aynlasim iskudorp sesorp pakgnelep gnaraB

nahab nahisrebmep nad natawarep ,nisem adap - nad lairetam nahab

kapuem gnay ,nial naigab sesorp irad kapmat kadit naigab na

.iskudorp

.c niaL kutneB malaD naaideS

napakgnelrep nad ,gnudeg naagajnep ,rotnak apureb ini naaideS

utkaw kutnu aynsusuhk nakanugid ini kutneb malad naaideS .isidepske

iagabes tatacid aynasaib nad ,napedek kednep akgnaj uata ,nabeb

.ilebid taas adap nalaujnep ayaib iagabes

.E naaideS satA nretnI nailadnegneP

naaides satitnauk aynkaynab nad ahasu nagnabmekrep nagned nalajeS

nakbabeynem ,rutkafunam naahasurep id tapadret gnay nagnagad gnarab

idajret gnay nataigek hurules aynnalaj isawagnem tapad kadit kilimep


81

.naaides sulkis nagned nagnubuhes aynisatagnem kutnU nakulrepid akam

.naaides sata nretni nailadnegnep

gnep pesnok awhab nakatagnem )8891( nihsaC adap lanretni nailadne

naaides : halada

.1 .isnatnuka natatacnep nad nanamagnep kutnu sagut nahasimep aynadA

.2 ynkadneh kiab gnay nanamagnep nad naalolegnep edoteM naknalajid a

atres ,nagnasuek nad ,nakasurek ,naaides nahibelek hagecnem kutnu

naaides nagnalihek uata nagnarukek nakanerakid nalaujnep nagnalihek

.nairucnep anerak

.3 .isnatnuka nad ,nanapmiynep ,naamirenep ,nailebmep sagut nahasimeP

i nailadnegnep naujuT ta nretn ayek helorepmem halada naaides sa nanik

nagnauek naropal malad tapet araces nakropalid nad agajid naaides awhab

.)053 :2002 ,sseF dna ,eveeR ,nerraW(

katelret naahasaurep naaides sata nagnarucek hagecnem nailadnegneP

ailebmep isgnuf nahurulesek adap .isnatnuka nad ,nanapmiynep ,naamirenep ,n

tapad ipat nagnarucek aumes hagecnem tapad kadit ini nailadnegneP

.raseb ulalret naigurek naklubminem mulebes uti nagnarucek nakumenem

naaides haletes areges ialumid aynkadneh naaides sata nretni nailadnegneP

etid .naahasurep helo amir .)153 :2002 ,sseF dna ,eveeR ,nerraW(

.F nahutapeK naijugneP

nakukalid tapad nretni nailadnegnep padahret nahutapek ijugnem kutnU

arac 2 nagned 48:2991 ,idyaluM( naijugnep - )68 :


91

.1 I nailadnegneP metsiS rutkurts padahret nahutapek aynada naijugneP n .nret

: utiay ,naijugnep macam 2 nakukalid tapad ini lah malaD

.a iskasnart naanaskalep itukignem arac nagned iskasnart naijugneP

.utnetret

utapek aynada nakitkubmem malaD hilimem tapad natnuka ,IP nah

rusnu aynada natamagnep nakukalem naidumek ,utnetret iskasnart -

kajes ,tubesret iskasnart naanaskalep malad nretni nailadnegnep rusnu

.iaseles uti iskasnart iapmas ialumid uti iskasnart

.b alet gnay utnetret iskasnart naijugneP .tatacid halet gnay nad idajret h

naidumek utnetret iskasnart hilimem surah natnuka ini lah malaD

iulalem iaseles iapmas lawa kajes aynnaanaskalep itukignem

nemukod - nad tubesret iskasnart malad taubid gnay nemukod

.isnatnuka natatac malad aynnatatacnep

.2 .nretni nailadnegnep rutkurts padahret nahutapek takgnit naijugneP

: arac nagned nakukalid tapad ini naijugnep malaD

.a napakgnelek askiremem nad kusam sak itkub lepmas libmagneM

gnay iskasnart nakitsamem kutnu aynnaujuT .ayngnukudnep nemukod

halet idajret .gnanewreb gnay tabajep helo isasirotoid

.b sativitkefe ialinem kutnu naujutreb gnay naijugnep nakanaskaleM


.G nahutapeK naijugneP kutnu gnilpmaS lakitsitatS

itsitatS k gnilpmaS la :aud idajnem igabid gnilpmas etubirtta nad elbairav

mas gnilpmas etubirttA .gnilp aguj tubesid uata gnilpmas lanoitroporp nakanugid ,


02

naijugnep nalad( nretni nailadnegnep sativitkefe ijugnem kutnu amaturet

nakgnades ,)nahutapek gnilpmas elbairav naijugnep kutnu amaturet nakanugid

)fitnatsbus naijugnep malad( gnineker malad mutnacret gnay haipur ialin

.)062 :2002 ,idayluM( naanuggnep adap isatabid naka naiaru ini naigab malaD

gnilpmas etubirtta .nahutapek naijugnep malad

ledom agit adA s etubirtta gnilpma :utiay ,

.a dexiF - lepmas - gnilpmaS etubirttA ezis

ep ledoM nakarikrepmem kutnu nakujutid ini lepmas nalibmagn

ini ledoM .isalupop utaus malad utnetret utum aynidajret esatnesrep

nahutapek naijugnep nakukalem natnuka akij nakukalid amaturet

tubesret natnuka nad ,nretni nailadnegnep rusnu utaus padahret

akarikrepmem .)nahalasek( nagnapmiynep aparebeb iapmujnem naka n

: tukireb iagabes halada lepmas nalibmagnep rudesorP

)1 nautneneP etubirtta sativitkefe ijugnem kutnu askirepid naka gnay


)2 .aynlepmas libmaid naka gnay isalupop nautneneP

)3 utneneP .lepmas aynraseb na

)4 .isalupop atoggna hurules irad lepmas atoggna nahilimeP

)5 padahret naaskiremeP etubirtta sativitkefe nakkujnunem gnay

.nretni nailadnegnep rusnu

)6 padahret naaskiremep lisah isaulavE etubirtta .lepmas atoggna


12

.b potS - ro - ilpmaS oG gn

gnay lepmas nalibmagnep irad natnuka hagecnem tapad ini ledoM

inides naijugnep nakitnehgnem arac nagned utiay ,kaynab ulalret

nahalasek awhab nikay natnuka akij nakanugid ini ledoM .nikgnum

.licek tagnas isalupop malad nakarikrepid gnay gnay rudesorP

id nakanuggnem malad hupmet pots - ro - og - gnilpmas iagabes halada

: tukireb

)1 nakutneneM timil noisicerp reppu erised takgnit nad )LPUD(

.naladnaek

)2 naijugnep lkutnu muminim lepmas aynraseb lebat nakanuggneM

ah gnay amatrep lepmas nakutnenem anug nailadnegnep sur

.libmaid

)3 lebat taubmeM pots - ro - noisiced og .

)4 .lepmas padahret naaskiremep lisah isaulavE

.c gnilpmaS yrevocsiD

nit akij nakanugid kococ ini lepmas nalibmagnep ledoM takg

gnay nahalasek isalupop malad nakarikrepid itakednem( hadner tagnas

utnetret nanikgnumek naknignignem natnuka ini ledom malaD .)lon

aynnaataynek akij ,nahalasek utas kadit gnilap nakumenem kutnu

.nakparahid gnay irad raseb hibel aynhuggnuses nahalasek takgnit

tnu natnuka helo nakanugid ini gnilpmaS nagnarucek nakumenem ku

gnay naserebkaditek nad ,nretni nailadnegnep rusnu irad suires gnay


22

.nial malad lepmas nalibmagnep rudesorP gnilpmas yrevocsid halada

: tukireb iagabes

)1 nakutneT etubirtta .askirepid naka gnay

)2 alupop raseb nad isalupop nakutneT libmaid naka gnay is

.aynlepmas

)3 .naladnaek takgnit nakutneT

)4 nakutneT timil noisicerp reppu erised .)LPUD(

)5 naaskiremeP etubirtta .lepmas

)6 .lepmas kitsiretkaraak padahret naaskiremep lisah isaulavE

nket iagabreb irad naijugnep arac hilimem rotiduA ,ada gnay ki

naanaskalep nad ,iskepsni ,natamagnep ,nagnaretek naatnimrep itrepes

ada kadiT .isresa utaus nagned gnatiakreb gnay nailadnegnep gnalu

tapad ,nakulrepid ulales gnay utnetret naailadnegnep naijugnep nuputas

kutnu fitkefe ulales uata ,nakparetid )81.913:1002 ,IAI( .naadaek paites

,nakparetid kococ gnay anam naijugnep epit nakutnenem malaD

nauhategneP .naahasurep nretni nailadnegnep sata namahamep nakulrepid

itrepes rudesorp nad aynmulebes natamagnep iulalem helorepid ini

rad nagnaretek naatnimrep ,nemejanam i rosivrepus ;fats lenosrep nad ,

sata natamagnep nad ;naahasurep natatac nad nemukod padahret iskepsni

.naahasurep isarepo nad sativitka .)21.913:1002 ,IAI(


32

.H abalaraW

.1 naitregneP abalaraW

turuneM neeuQ 1( 4:399 - )5 esihcnarf halada isnesil nairebmep nataigek

ahasu gnagemep irad )rosihcnarf( ilebmep adapek rem ek ahasu )eesihcnarf(

gnagad aman hawabid ahasureb kutnu rosihcnarf nad kartnok nakrasadreb

.itlayor narayabmep

gnisihcnarF rof scihtE fo edoC naeporuE isinifed nakirebmem hcnarf esi

( tukireb iagabes gnisihcnarF rof scihtE fo edoC naeporuE :)3 .p ,2991 ,

“ esihcnarF uata nad asaj uata nad gnarab narasamep metsis halada

surenem suret nad pututret amasajrek adap nakrasadid gnay ,igolonket

ukalep aratna - aynduskam( tnednepedni ukalep arf rosihcn laudividni nad

eesihcnarf anamid ,nagnauek nad )mukuh( lagel araces kiab hasipret nad )

rosihcnarf laudividni adap kah nakirebmem eesihcnarf naknabebmem nad ,

irad pesnok nagned iauses aynsinsib nakanaskalem kutnu nabijawek

rosihcnarf ” 5 .p ,4002 ,uweS ( - .)6

uata abalaraW )91.p ,5991( otraniW turuneM esihcnarf halada nagnubuh

fitaler gnay nawahasu nagned seskus nad tauk aynahasu gnay naartimek

nakgnutnugnem gnilas naujut nagned tubesret ahasu malad hamel uata urab

gnadib malad aynsusuhk naaideynep ahasu kudorp nad asaj adapek gnusgnal

.nemusnok

abalaraW ( sirggnI : gnisihcnarF ; sicnarP : esihcnarF narujujek kutnu )

asabebek uata n kah halada ) - asaj uata kudorp utaus laujnem kutnu kah

anayal nupuam n gnay ,aisenodnI hatniremep isrev turunem nakgnadeS .


42

aw nagned duskamid kahip utas halas anamid natakirep halada abalar

irad kah nakanuggnem uata nad naktaafnamem kah nakirebid naayakek

lautkeletni kahip ikilimid gnay ahasu sahk iric irad naumetrep uata )IKAH(

helo nakpatetid gnay nataraysrep nakrasadreb nalabmi utaus nagned nial

ad naaideynep akgnar malad tubesret nial kahip uata n

nalaujnep gnarab nad asaj .

turunem nakgnadeS aisenodnI esihcnarF isaisosA duskamid gnay ,

abalaraW nagned halai s naisubirtsidnep metsis utau gnarab uata asaj adapek

( kerem kilimep anamid ,rihka naggnalep rosihcnarf kah nakirebmem )

uata udividni adapek naahasurep ,kerem nagned sinsib nakanaskalem kutnu

c nad rudesorp ,metsis ,aman ara - aynmulebes nakpatetid halet gnay arac

.utnetret aera itupilem utnetret utkaw akgnaj malad

,raseb sirag araceS esihcnarF helo isnesil haubes nairebmep halada

gnaroeses )rosihcnerf( nial kahip adapek )eesihcnarf( isnesil anamid

dapek kah irebmem tubesret a eesihcnarf nagned ahasureb kutnu

gnagad kerem nakanuggnem uata gnagad aman rosihcnarf kutnu nad

gnay nemele hurules irad iridret gnay tekap nahurulesek nakanuggnem

hitalret muleb aynmulebes gnay gnaroeses taubmem kutnu nakulrepid

m kutnu nad sinsib malad surenem suret gnay nautnab nagned naknalajne

rasad sata - sinsib malad naigureK .aynmulebes nakutnetid halet gnay rasad

halada ini eesihcnarf kutnu raseb gnay halmuj malad rayabmem surah

irad isnesil naktapadnem .rosihcnarf


52

.2 rosihcnarF nad F eesihcnar

gnay apa alup naksalejid ulrep ,abalaraw naitregnep nialeS

duskamid d nagne rosihcnarf nad eesihcnarf .

.a rosihcnarF uata ahasu nadab halada ,abalaraw irebmep uata

kahip adapek kah nakirebmem gnay nagnarorep kutnu nial

sata kah nakanuggnem uata nad naktaafnamem

naayakek lautkeletni gnay ahasu sahk iric uata naumenep uata

.aynikilimid

.b eesihcnarF uata ahasu nadab halada ,abalaraw amirenep uata

uata nad naktaafnamem kutnu kah nakirebid gnay nagnarorep

uata naumenep uata lautkeletni naayakek sata kah nakanuggnem

kilimid gnay sahk iric .abalaraw irebmep i

.3 sineJ W abalara

:aud idajnem igabid tapad abalaraW

.a aynmetsis anerak iakusid hibel gnurednec ,iregen raul abalaraW

nad ,ainud iagabrebid amiretid hadus kerem ,salej hibel

.isgnegreb hibel nakasarid

.b nem aguj ,iregen malad abalaraW isatsevni nahilip utas halas idaj

gnaro kutnu - ipatet ahasugnep idajnem tapec nigni gnay gnaro

natujnalek nad lawa itnarip pukuc nauhategnep ikilimem kadit

abalaraw kilimep helo nakaidesid gnay ini ahasu

karp malad awhab )5444:4991 ( du’uS dammahoM turuneM ket

esihcnarf :kutneb tapme irad iridret


62

)1 esihcnarF tcudorP

kutneb utauS esihcnarf amirenep anamid esihcnarf aynah

kadnitreb p irad kudorp nakisubirtsidnem a nagned aynrent

aera nasatabmep .

)2 esihcnirF gnirutcafunaM ro gnissecorP

sineJ esihcnarf ahasu nadab utaus adap kah nakirebmem ini

,takaraysam adap aynlaujnem nad kudorp utaus taubmem kutnu

kerem nad gnagad kerem nakanuggnem nagned rosihcnarf .

sineJ esihcnarf irtsudni malad nakumetid ilakgnires ini

.namunim nad nanakam

)3 tamroF ssenissuB uata esihcnarF metsyS

rosihcnarF kudorp nakijaynem malad kinu gnay arac ikilimem

helo nakukalid gnay itrepes ,tekap utas malad s’dlanoD cM

.tekap kutneb malad aynkudorp isairav taubmem nagned

)4 esihcnarF gnidarT puorG

kutneB esihcnarf p adap kujnunem gnay kah nairebme

okot alolegnem - nakukalid gnay recegnep nupuam risorg okot

.ada abres okot

turuneM )AFI( noitaicossA esihcnarF lanoitanretnI nakududekreb

isasinagro nakapurem ,CD notgnihsaW id lanoitanretnI esihcnarF

aragen nakatoggnareb gnay - sinej tapme ada ,ainud id aragen esihcnarf

:utiay ,takireS akiremA id nakanugid asaib gnay rasadnem gnay


72

)1 esihcnarF tcudorP

kudorp nakanuggnem nesudorP esihcnarf rutagnem kutnu

nay kudorp laujnem narece gnagadep arac anamiagab g

adapek kah nakirebmem nesudorP .nesudorp helo naklisahid

gnarab nakisubirtsidnem kutnu okot kilimep - kilim gnarab

nakanuggnem kutnu okot kilimep naknijignem nad kirbap

rayabmem surah okot kilimeP .kirbap gnagad kerem nad aman

naaidesrep ilebmem uata ayaib kilab labmit iagabes muminim

kah irad - kudorp laujnem gnay nab okot ,aynhotnoC .ini kah

irad rosihcnarf edotem atres ,gnagad aman nakanuggnem ,

helo nakpatetid gnay narasamep rosihcnarf .

)2 sesihcnarF gnirutcafunaM

sineJ esihcnarf ahasu nadab utaus adap kah nakirebmem ini

,takaraysam adap aynlaujnem nad kudorp utaus taubmem kutnu

kerem nad gnagad kerem nakanuggnem nagned rosihcnarf .

sineJ esihcnarf irtsudni malad nakumetid ilakgnires ini

.namunim nad nanakam

)3 ytinutropO ssenisuB serutneV

kutnu sinsib kilimep naksurahgnem susuhk araces ini kutneB

kudorp nakisubirtsidnem nad ilebmem - utaus irad kudorp

naggnalep nakaideynem surah naahasureP .utnetret naahasurep

aynkilab labmit iagabes nad ,sinsib kilimep igab gnineker uata

sib kilimep isatserp uata ayaib utaus nakrayabmem surah sin


82

nisem naahasugnep ,aynhotnoC .aynisasnepmok iagabes - nisem

uata sitamoto nalaujnep .pihsrotubirtsid

)4 gnisihcnarF tamroF ssenisuB

kutneb nakapurem inI gnisihcnarf malad id relupop gnilap gnay

iulaleM .ketkarp nakaideynem naahasurep ,ini natakednep

sinsib nakisarepognem kutnu itkubret halet gnay edotem utaus

kerem nad aman nakanuggnem nagned sinsib kilimep igab

nakaideynem naahasurep aynmumU .naahasurep irad gnagad

sinsib kilimep igab utnetret nautnab halmujes rayabmem

gnadaK .itlayor uata ayaib halmujes - aguj naahasurep ,gnadak

irad naaidesrep ilebmem kutnu sinsib kilimep naksurahagnem

.naahasurep

.4 metsiS nahameleK nad naluggnueK esihcnarF

gnisihcnarF ahasu utaus irad nasaulrep igetarts nakapurem aguj

,isares gnay agitek kahip nagned artimreb nigni nad lisahreb halet gnay

metsiS .iridnes ahasu ikilimem nad ,ahasureb nigni gnay esihcnarf ini

naluggnuek iaynupmem - naigurek aguj nad naluggnuek - .naigurek

eK aynnaluggnu :halada

ihcnarf sreffo gnisihcnarf ,gniliater ni decitcarp sA“ eht sees nevorp a no desab ylkciuq ssenisub wen a pu gnitrats fo egatnavda ot gnivah ot desoppo sa ,ssenisub gniod fo alumrof dna kramedart

”.hctarcs morf dnarb dna ssenisub wen a dliub

ketkarp malad itrepeS gniliater , gnisihcnarf nagnutnuek nakrawanem

utaus adap rasadreb tapec nagned urab sinsib utaus ialumem kutnu


92

nagned itrepes amas kadit ,aynsinsib itkubret halet gnay gnagad kerem

utaus nugnabmem kerem ”.alum lawa irad urab sinsib nad

irad aynnial naluggnuek idamhcaR turunem uti nialeS metsis

esihcnarf igab ,eesihcnarf :nial aratna

)a kahiP rosihcnarf igabreb nad naladomrep adap seska ikilimem

nagned ayaib eesihcnarf .hadner hibel fitaler gnay okiser nagned

)b kahiP eesihcnarf haubes ikusamem kutnu natapmesek tapadnem

kudorp nagned hadner hibel ayaib nad tapec arac nagned sinsib

.aynkerem satilibiderk itkubret nad ijuret halet gnay asaj uata

)c ,uti irad hibeL eesihcnarf nautnab amirenem alakreb araces

imep lah malad lairejanam ,satilisaf niased ,sinsib isakol nahil

,nailebmep ,isarepo rudesorp nad narasamep .p ,7002 ,idamhcaR( .

7- )8

metsis naigurek nakgnadeS esihcnarf igab eesihcnarf :halada

)a metsiS esihcnarf adapek hunep nasabebek nakirebmem kadit

eesihcnarf anerak eesihcnarf iret itukignem surah nad naijnajrep tak

helo taubid halet gnay edotem nad metsis rosihcnarf .

)b metsiS esihcnarf nakanuggnem ,nalisahrebek naka nanimaj nakub

ignabmiid kadit alib seskus naka utnet muleb lanekret kerem

itahek nad natamrecek nagned - naitah eesihcnarf hilimem malad

atres sarek ajrekeb surah nad nemtimok iaynupmem nad ahasu

.nuket


03

)c eesihcnarF nagned isakinumokreb nad amas ajrekeb asib surah

nagned aynnagnubuh malad kiab rosihcnarf .p ,4002 ,radnakuS( .

)76

)d ijnaj aumes kadiT rosihcnarf helo amiretid eesihcnarf .

)e utaus malad nanamakaditek aynada hisaM esihcnarf anerak ,

rosihcnarf iurahabrepmem kadit uata naksutumem tapad

)9 .p,7002 ,idamhcaR( .naijnajrep


13

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A naitileneP sineJ

kejbo padahret naitilenep utiay ,susak iduts halada ini naitilenep sineJ

breb irad atad naklupmugnem nagned utnetret atad naidumek ,nemele iaga

aloid aynah ini naitilenep malaD .nalupmisek kiratid ulal isaulaveid nad h

uata naadaek ,halasam utaus nakpakgnuid malad idajret gnay awitsirep

iroet adap nakrasadreb nagned naialinep nakirebmem nad naahasurep utas

gnay kejbo adap ukalreb aynah helorepid gnay nalupmiseK .naveler gnay

i lah malad ,itiletid ”aseD ubmuB” narotseR halada in .atrakaygoY gnabaC

.B naitileneP tapmeT nad utkaW

.a naitileneP utkaW

utkaW nakukalem kutnu nakhutubid gnay naitilenep halada nalub utas

.2102 lirpA nalub adap nakukalid nad

.b naitileneP tapmeT

baC ,aseD ubmuB narotseR id nakukalid naka naitileneP gna

nagaS 8 oN initraK nalaJ id adareb gnay ,atrakaygoY .atrakaygoY


23

.C naitileneP kejbO nad kejbuS

.1 naitileneP kejbuS

naigab ,nailebmep naigab halada ini naitilenep malad iakapid gnay kejbuS

nuka naigab nad gnadug uata nanapmiynep naigab ,naamirenep adap isnat

aseD ubmuB narotseR .atrakaygoY gnabaC

.2 naitileneP kejbO

nailadnegnep rudesorp halada ini naitilenep irad kejbO metsis nretni

ukab nahab naaidesrep .

.D nakulrepiD gnay ataD

: halada nakulrepid gnay atad ,ini naitilenep malaD

.1 .naahasurep mumu narabmaG

.2 .naahasurep isasinagro rutkurtS

.3 .ukab nahab naaidesrep metsis nretni nailadnegnep rudesorP

.4 ,naahasurep nemukoD utiay redro noitiseuqer )OR( , noitiseuqer esahcrup

)OP( .

.E lepmaS nad isalupoP

.1 isalupoP

halada itiletid naka gnay nemukoD redro noitiseuqer )OR( nad

noitiseuqer esahcrup )OP( .


33

.2 lepmaS

halada itiletid naka gnay lepmaS 001 redro noitiseuqer )OR( nad 001

noitiseuqer esahcrup )OP( .2102 ieM iapmas 2102 iraunaJ nalub

.F ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

.a isavresbO

nataigek gnusgnal araces iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid ini araC -

aigek isgnuf nagned natiakreb gnay naahasurep nakukalid gnay nat

isnatnuka isgnuf aguj nad naamirenep isgnuf ,nailebmep isgnuf ,gnadug .

,nailebmep isgnuf nahasimep ada hakapa itamagnem naka siluneP

,naamirenep gnadug ab itamagnem naka aguj siluneP .isnatnuka nad naig -

isgnuf nagned nagnubuhreb gnay ajrekeb akerem taas tubesret naigab

.ukab nahab naaidesrep metsis nretni nailadnegnep

.b aracnawaW

nakujagnem arac nagned nakukalid ini atad nalupmugnep kinkeT

kahip adapek nasil araces naaynatrep - iay ,tiakret gnay kahip naigab ut

,naamirenep ,nailebmep isgnuf gnadug ipakgnelem kutnu isnatnuka nad

kutnu nad isavresbo malad iumetid kadit gnay nakulrepid gnay atad

isamrofni nakirebmem atres ,naahasurep mumu narabmag ianegnem

.ini naitilenep gnajnunem tapad gnay nial isamrofni

.c isatnemukoD

helorepmem arac iulalem nakukalid gnay atad nalupmugnep kinkeT

uata natatac rebmus irad atad nemukod malad napmisret gnay


43

,naahasurep atres natatac itilenem nad irajalepmem duskam nagned

nay rilumrof .naitilenep nagned nagnubuhreb g

.G ataD sisilanA kinkeT

gnay kinket utiay ,fitpirkseD kinkeT halada iakapid gnay kinkeT

ianegnem atad sisilanagnem nad ,nakijaynem ,halognem ,naklupmugnem

ep aggnihes ,narotser adap ukab nahab naaidesrep sata nretni nailadnegn

nalupmisek kiranem kutnu salej pukuc gnay narabmag nakirebmem

.tubesret nretni nailadnegnep nafitkefeek gnatnet

.1 amatrep nahalasamrep bawajnem kutnU

m kutnU egne isaulav iladnegnep hakapa naaides metsis nretni na

hadus atrakaygoY gnabac ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR id ukab nahab

kiab nagned nalajreb halada :

.a M dne i metsis nretni nailadnegnep imahamem nad nakispirk

isgnuf ada hakapa tahilem aguj nad ukab nahab naaides

miynep ,naamirenep ,nailebmep .isnatnuka nad nanap

.b aynada nakispirksidneM isgnuf nahasimep .

.c nemukod nakispirksidneM - gnarab nanasemep nemukod

( )redro noitiseuqer ( gnarab nailebmep nemukod nad esahcrup

noitiseuqer ).

.d nakispirksidneM metsis malad id ada gnay isnatnuka natatac

.ukab nahab naaides


53

.e nakispirksidneM nalajreb hadus gnay nretni nailadnegnep

kiab nagned nalajreb hadus hakapa arac nagned

iroet nakgnidnabmem rusnu( - nretni nailadnegnep rusnu

turunem stnatnuoccA cilbuP deifitreC fo etutitsnI naciremA

)APCIA( ) id idajret gnay nagned .nagnapal

.2 audek nahalasamrep bawajnem kutnU

m kutnU egne isaulav nahab naaides metsis nretni nailadnegnep hakapa

C ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR id ukab fitkefe hadus atrakaygoY gnaba .

halada ini IPS sativitkefe ijugnem kutnu nakanaugid naka gnay edoteM

dexif - elpmas - gnilpmas etubirtta ezis anerak ini ledom aynnakanugiD .

egnem muleb silunep nailadnegnep metsis hakapa iuhat id ada gnay nretni

” narotser ,uti gnipmasiD .muleb uata fitkefe hadus ”aseD ubmuB dexif -

elpmas - gnilpmas etubirtta ezis kutnu nama gnilap gnay ledom halada

metsis nagned nikay muleb silunep anerak ini naitilenep malad nakukalid

eb uata itiletid hanrep ada hadus gnay nretni nailadnegnep .mul

nakarikrepmem kutnu nakujutid ini ledom nagned lepmas nalibmagneP

amaturet ini ledoM .isalupop malad utnetret utum aynidajret esatnesrep

nailadnegnep rusnu utaus padahret naijugnep nakukalem akij nakanugid

jnem naka tubesret naijugnep malad nad nretni .nahalasek aparebeb iapmu

orp nupadA halada ,aynrudes :

.a nakutneneM etubirtta sativitkefe ijugnem kutnu askirepid naka gnay



63

etubirttA uata nagnat adnat ini naitilenep malad askirepid naka gnay

iroto gnanewreb gnay kahip irad isas .

.b eM .aynlepmas libmaid naka gnay isalupop nakutnen nemukoD gnay

halada lepmas nalibmagnep kutnu iakapid naka nemukod 2102 nuhat

irad nalub J iapmas irauna ieM . D nemuko halada duskamid gnay

redro noitiseuqer OR( nad noitiseuqer esahcrup )OP( .

.c .lepmas aynraseb nakutneneM

isalupop irad libmaid naka gnay lepmas aynraseb nakutnenem kutnU

araces kaca :nakutnetid uluhad hibelret akam ,

)1 %R takgnisid naladnaek takgniT

naladnaek takgnit nakanuggnem ini nahutapek naijugnep malaD

.%59

)2 p nariskaT re nes aynidajret esat nahalasek isalupop malad

ini naijugnep malaD p nariskat nakutnenem itilenep re esatnes

.%1 rasebes isalupop malad nahalasek

)3 ( naknigniid gnay sata natapetek sataB timil noiciserp reppu derised

.)LPUD uata

tapad hisam gnay nahalasek mumiskam satab nakutnenem itileneP

.%5 rasebes amiretid

lebat tahil uti haleteS )2naripmal( lepmas aynraseb nautnenep

aynraseb nakumenem arac nupadA .%59 naladnaek takgnit nagned

lebat irad lepmas tukireb iagabes halada tubesret :


73

)1 isalupop nahalasek aynraseb esatnesrep nariskat molok tahiL

( ecnarucca fo etar tnecrep detcepxe lebat adap ) )naripmal(

.%1 akgna irac ,tubesret

)2 .%5 rasebes )sata sirab( LPUD iraC

)3 molok aratna naumetrep iraC etar ecnarucca LPUD nagned %1

.%5

)4 moloK etar ecnarucca akgna adap umetreb %5 LPUD nagned %1

.001 halada libmaid surah gnay lepmas raseb aynitra ,001 utnetret

.d .isalupop hurules irad lepmas atoggna nahilimeP

atoggna nahilimep ,ini naitilenep malaD 001 araces nakukalid lepmas

kaca nupadA . naka isalupop nahurulesek irad halada aynarac

aynnaktibretid nalub turunem nakkopmolekid naahasurep nemukod

( lepmas ) aitilenep edoirep aneraK .tubesret 5 libmaid ini nemukod n

( nalub J irauna - lepmas 02 libmaid naka aynnalub paites irad akam )ieM

.kaca araces

.e padahret naaskiremeP etubirtta sativitkefe nakkujnunem naka gnay

.nretni nailadnegnep rusnu

p araC padahret naaskireme etubirtta nakkujnunem naka gnay

nretni nailadnegnep rusnu sativitkefe halada gnay lepmas halmuj irad

irepid naidumek ,tubesret libmaid ask etubirtta adnat apureb utiay ayn

roto uata nagnat gnanewreb gnay kahip irad isasi utaus irad akiJ .

nagnat adnat ada kadit gnay nemukod nakumetid tubesret lepmas uata


83

akam ,gnanewreb gnay kahip irad isasiroto naka ilak apareb tatacid

macames lah nakumetid .ini

.f padahret naaskiremep lisah isaulavE etubirtta .lepmas atoggna

nretnI nailadnegneP metsiS rusnu utaus sativitkefe nakutnenem kutnU

lisah isaulave lebat nakanugid ,tubesret takgnit ikilimem gnay

aynraseb nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid gnay nagned iauses naladnaek

nakumetid tapad tubesret )naripmal( lebat nagneD .ulal gnay lepmas

apareb timil nooisicerp reppu deveihca .)LPUA(

: tukireb iagabes arac nagned nakukalid LPUA nairacneP

)1 %59 naladnaek lisah isaulave lebat nakpaisiD )3 naripmal( .

)2 molok malaD ezis lepmas halet gnay lepmas rasebes akgna iracid ,

hilipid 001 utiay .

)3 akgna iraD ezis lepmas ek nalajreb nairacnep naidumek tubesret

na nakumenem kutnu latnosiroh araces nanak gnay nahalasek akg

.iapmujid

)4 itapadid irik ek latnosiroh kiratid ualak gnay nahalasek akgna iraD

ezis lepmas nakumenem kunu sata ek lakitrev kiratid , deveihca

timil noisicerp reppu .LPUD nagned LPUA nakgnidnab ulaL .

kiJ efe kadit IPS akam LPUD > LPUA a fitk

LPUA akiJ ≤ fitkefe IPS akam LPUD


93

VI BAB

NAAHASUREP MUMU NARABMAG

.A gnatneT aseD ubmuB narotseR

naatnicek haubes irad lawareB B naker amaseb feirA kapa - aynnaker

hret P hanat lanoisidart nakasam pada iskelok aynkaynab utigeb atres ,nadnusa

ini narotseR .narotser haubes taubmem nup feirA kaP akam agraulek nakasam

,aseD ubmuB nakamanid t adap iridreb gnay .lJ id 4002 rebmetpeS 81 laggna

halada ini narotser nataubmep edI .taraB awaJ gnudnaB 1 on iwsaL

hanat id nahamur lanoisidart nakasam takgnagnem P hibel idajnem nadnusa

uneM .salekreb - nebaton gnay uluhad namaz adnus nakasam unem e id ayn

ubi arap helo kasam -i utnabmep nad aggnat hamur ub - takgna id utnabmep

unem idajnem - nakkasaM .fisulkske gnay unem S aynasar lanekret iridnes adnu

nakitkubid inI .gnaro kaynab irameg id ataynret sadep kaga nad nisa gnay

arotser aynamiretid nagned M nalub iapmas gnay aseD ubmuB n ie halet 2102

,natnamilaK ,ilaB ,awaJ ,artamuS ualup irad rabesret gnay gnabac 34 ada

narotser ifosoliF .arupagniS nad aisyalaM arageN ek iapmas aupaP ,isewaluS

: halada iridnes aseD ubmuB

.1 imak nemusnok lanegnem tagnas imaK

.2 imak gniasep lanegnem imaK

.3 imem imaK l igetarts iki

.4 hara iuhategnem imak nipmimeP

.5 isiv ikilimem imaK


04

.6 iladnek gnagemem aynhunepes imaK

.7 nahaburep nakatpicnem tapad ulales imaK

.8 nakukal imak gnades gnay apa itamkinem tagnas imaK

aseD ubmuB id umat adapek namunim nad nanakam nanayalep pesnoK

nanayalep pesnok halada W gnay )getraW( lageT gnura araces samekid

eforp nad nredom s ,hisreb ,lanois hamar nad tapec ,tahe utiay ,

.1 ala( umat helo gnusgnal awabid nad nasepiD doof tsaf itrepes )

simut - nial nad nasimut - nial

.2 nad )rupad( gnakaleb gnaur id haloid uata taubid ,nasepiD

gnerog nanakam itrepes nakijasid - rakab uata nagnerog - narakab

.3 ,nasepiD gnigad itrepes nakijasid nad naksanapid - naki ,nagnigad -

nial nad nanaki - nial

.4 itrepes nakijasid ulal umat napedid haloid uata taubid ,nasepiD

namunim nad kajur ,koderak

.5 nial nad nagniles ,rageynep ,rubihgnep ,nanakaM - gnay nial

akubret araces gnasapid labmas nad palal itrepes sitarg nad

C aseD ubmuB narotseR ek gnabac nakapurem iridnes atrakaygoY gnaba

rebmevoN 21 laggnat adap yliL aiserehT ubI helo akub id gnay 12 .8002

N initraK .lJ id tapmetreB o. AMS gnakalebid tapet ,atrakaygoY nagaS 8

ygoY 9 iregeN sigetarts gnay aynkateL .atraka hagnet id katelret anerak - hagnet

atrakaygoY atok r ini narotser taubmem agraulek nakam tapmet iagabes iama

naumetrep amatu naujut idajnem ulales nad - id fitukeske arap sinsib naumetrep


14

.atrakaygoY ini narotser lanoisarepo maJ lukup putut nad 00.01 lukup akub

.00.22

.B aseD ubmuB narotseR sahK iriC

nakanuggnem gnay aynnakasam halada aseD ubmuB narotser sahk iriC

nahab - lauk ukab nahab asar atic aggnihes amatrep sati ayn ulud irad agajret

.gnarakes iapmas eM un - r gnay uluhad namaz unem nisa tikides gnay aynasa

.inis id nanakam sahk iric idajnem nad naknahatrepid patet sadep tikides nad

anerak muynes nad hamar nagned tubmas id naka nup gnatad umat akiteK

aynada ti “ hatapep nagned iauseS .muynes harum m ah haemos hames ak ed ”

id nawayrak arap ,umat padahret hamar ulales uata D ubmuB ulales ase

ulales raga akerem naktagnignem gnay muynes harum nip iakamem

.naggnalep ipadahgnem malad muynesret

tagnah nasekret nad sugab tagnas nup aseD ubmuB narotser gnaur ataT

nagned nemanro - nad uyak nagnotop itrepes ”nagnupmak“ gnay nemanro

”aynadnus naasedep“ asar raga nigni aseD ubmuB narotseR .maya nagnuruk

rabmag gnajamem inis id akam asaret uti -g agraw nairahesek sinamuh rabma

P pul kaT .”aynnagnupmak“ asaret latnek nikames nadnusa “ isidart a ulatat ”

erak hairem nagned tamales napacu nakirebmem kutnu isidart utiay an

S sahk kisum tala nakanuggnem .gnadneg nad gnulkgna itrepes adnu

P sahk iric igal utaS ubmuB narotser helo naknahatrepid gnay nadnusa

sitarg rawat het nairebmep utiay aseD ajem id kudud nad gnatad umat akitek

.hitup ria nagned kitnedi uti sitarg namunim ,atrakaygoY id aynasaiB .nakam


24

iagabes rawat het nakirebmem halam ini aseD ubmuB narotser id ipaT

“ knird emoclew .”

.C naahasureP naujuT

aseD ubmuB narotser naahasurep naujuT halada takgnagnem nigni

bmek nakasam ila - P hanat irad nakasam uluhad namaz nadnusa atreseb

naayadubek - aynnaayadubek sam nakridahgnem nad a nak naayadubek atres uti

hagnet id - nredom gnay takaraysam hagnet aujut ,uti nialeS . a aynnial n halad

pudih nahal iagabes aseD ubmuB narotser nakidajnem aratna amasreb

rosihcnarf ,aseD ubmuB eesihcnarf aseD ubmuB nad aseD ubmuB nawayrak ,

gnaro aguj - aseD ubmuB narotser nagned nagnubuhreb gnay nial gnaro

arap uata rasap id laujnep( reilppus ).

.D isasinagrO rutkurtS ajreK maJ nad kseD boJ ,

.1 isasinagrO rutkurtS

S naripmal id adareb isasinagro rutkurt )1 narpmal( ini ispirks

.2 kseD boJ

)a reganaM tnaruatseR

nataigek hurules ianegnem iskerid adapek bawaj gnuggnatreB

lanoisarepo teltuo gnisam irad - .nemetraped gnisam

)b reganaM tnaruatseR tnatsissA

adapek bawaj gnuggnatreB reganaM tnaruatseR hurules ianegnem

lanoisarepo nataigek teltuo gnisam irad - ianegnem nemetraped gnisam


34

nakukalem atres narotserid nanakam nanayalep ,utum ces naialinep ara

kidoirep .nahawab padahret

)c rosivrepuS ecivreS

id namunim nad nanakam nanayalep ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreB

.naggnalep nasaupek kutnu narotser

)d niatpaC

POS nagned iauses nakirebid gnay nanayalep awhab nakitsameM

.naahasurep

)e retiaW

waj gnuggnatreB nalaujnep nad nanayalep sinket ianegnem ba

iauses namunim nad nanakam metsys dradnats .ukalreb gnay

)f yalpsiD ssertiaW )ijasumarp(

nad amirenem ,nakrawanem ,umat adapek nanayalep nakirebmeM

remon nad umat nanasep nagned iauses nanasep naklibmagnem

aynajem .tapec nagned

)g yrtnaP

nalaujnep nad nanayalep ,nahalognep ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreB

isartsinimda atres yrtnap .

)h namesuoH

itupilem narotser nagnaur aera nahisrebek sata bawaj gnuggnatreB

aera cilbup .rotnak atres teliot ,


44

)i iskudorP rotanidrooK

kasam nad nahalognep ,napaisrep ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreB

.nanakam kasamem

)j kooC

nanakam naalolegnep nad napaisrep ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreB

.nemusnok uata umat adapek laujid nad nakijasid kutnu

)k repleH kooC

nahab napaisrep ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreB aynnial nad natalarep ,

kasam naracnalek anug - .raneb nad kiab araces kasamem

)l rehsawhsiD

nad naiparek ,nahisrebek ,naicucnep ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreB

nad kasamem kasam napakgnelrep nad natalarep hurules isatinas

.munim nakam

)m gnitnuoccA feihC

m bawaj gnuggnatreB is natarukaek/napatetek ,naracnalek ianegne mets

naropalep nad isnatnuka sura ,igur abal naropal ,acaren itupilem gnay

.knab isailisnoker ,sak

)n reihsaC lareneG

bawaj gnuggnatreB lem gnay naajrekep naracnalek sata gnadib itupi

/naamirenep tidua .nalaujnep lisah

)o reihsaC

narayabmep iskasnart nanayalep naracnalek sata bawaj gnuggnatreB

.nemusnok irad


54

)p repeek kooB

bawaj gnuggnaT repeek koob sata bawaj gnuggnatreb halada

id naajrekep naracnalek gnitnuocca upilem gnay ,naukubmep gnadib it

sata bawaj gnuggnatreb atres aynnial nataigek nad isartsinimda yttaP

hsac kiab aton narayabmep nad hsac .gnatu uata

)q rellortnoC tsoC

bawaJ gnuggnaT rellortnoC tsoC :

)1 ,kiab aman imed bawaj gnuggnat nad gnanewew ,sagut nakukaleM

lek narotser nad ayniskes/nemetraped nalisahrebek nad naracna

.aynmumu adap

)2 ces kiab iskepsni nakukaleM atres kadadnem nupuam kidoirep ara

itartsinimda kiab f nagnukgnil id aynsusuhk nagnauek nupuam ,kisi

.ayniskes/nemetraped

)3 em atres asilanagnem/askiremeM naujagnep inagnatadnan esahcrup

noitiseuqer nad redro noitiseuqer .

)4 ( naropalep nad natatacneP gnitroper&gnidrocer nad ayaib )

.ayaib nailadnegnep

)5 id gnarab naraulegnep nad nanapmiynep sesorp isawagneM

.gnadug

)6 .aynnial nataigek nad isartsinimdA

)7 eM .gnadug id nahab/gnarab nanapmiynep isawagn

)8 nep nanayalep isawagneM uata gnarab naraulegnep nad nanapmiy

.nahab


64

)r repeeK erotS

bawaj gnuggnaT repeek erots sata bawaj gnuggnatreb halada

nad gnarab/nahab nanapmiynep itupilem gnay naajrekep naracnalek

redro noitiseuqer atres troper gniviecer ( tsil tekram nad isartsinimda ,)

.aynnial nataigek

)s reyuB

bawaj gnuggnaT reyub ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreb halada

nad satilauk itupilem gnay gnarab/nahab nailebmep naracnalek

jnalebmep isartsinimda ,gnarab satitnauk ( naa esahcrup .agrah nad )

eyuB ukab nahab kecegnem nad amirenem bawaj gnuggnatreb aguj r

irad amiretid gnay reilppus .

)t gnitekraM

iagabes kadnitreB selas nad reciffo gnitekram nakanaskalem nad

( naanacnerep ,narasamep naitilenep nalp gnitekram & selas ,)

( naanaskalep selas noitucexe ( naropalep ,) troper gnitekram selas .)

)u noitaleR tseuG reciffO

naut iagabes nemejanam ilikawem kutnu bawaj gnuggnatreB

umat arap hamur iagabes sugilakes k nataigek irad rotanidroo - nataigek

.satnep non nupuam satnep kiab ines

)v reteerG

.umat nagnalupek sapelem nad nagnatadek tubmayneM


74

)w ailanosreP riaffA lareneG &

nairacnep ,natawarep ,naarahilemep ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreB

.nawayrak ajrek nagnubuh nasutumep nad ,nawayrak

)x ytiruceS

,nabitretek ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreB kutnu nanamaek

atres nawayrak nad aynsusuhk umat natamalesek nad satilibats

.naahasurep

)y revirD

kutnu naaradnek satilibom ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreB

.narotser lanoisarepo nalisahrebek nad naracnalek gnukudnem

)z isinkeT

lanoisarepo naracnalek ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreB nisem - nisem

anugnab nad kirtsil hurules napakgnelek nad naadarebek ianegnem n

grene nahutubek nenopmok i .ria nad

.3 ajreK maJ

ajrek maj 8 halada aseD ubmuB narotser id ukalreb gnay ajrek maJ

.aynirah paites fihS .00.61 lukup iapmas 00.70 lukup ialumid amatrep tfihS

halitsi ada ulaL .00.22 lukup iapmas 03.31 lukup ialumid audek tilps utiay

.00.02 iapmas 03.11 lukup D nalub 1 utkaw mala nawayrak ,)irah 03(

.irah 4 rubil hataj tapadnem


84

.E ahasU gnadiB satilisaF nad R aseD ubmuB narotse C atrakaygoY gnaba

aseD ubmuB narotser ahasu gnadiB C ,macam 5 ada atrakaygoY gnaba

,nakam hamur ahasu gnadib utiay yrtsap & yrekab , gniretac edistuo , hcnul

xob , nad tekap gniteem .

tid gnay satilisaf aparebeb adA C aseD ubmuB narotser id nakrawa gnaba

: utiay ,nemusnok adapek atrakaygoY

.1 ifiW

ignujnugnem alib nemusnoK narotser C aseD ubmuB gnaba

idaJ .sitarg tenretni satilisaf itamkinem asib gnusgnal naka atrakaygoY

asib nemusnok gnisworb nial nad - .nial

.2 mooR PIV

naulrepek kutnu nemusnok nakanugid asib ini mooR PIV - naulrepek

gniteem araca uata - idabirp araca )nuhat gnalu araca uata nasira( kadit gnay

id nigni aguj ini moor PIV maladiD .aynnial nemusnok helo uggnag

nakaidesid reweiv nad rekaeps ulrepek kutnu na gniteem kutnu uata

.aynnial idabirp araca naulrepek 05 aggnih gnupmanem asib ini mooR PIV

.nemusnok

.3 aera gnikomS oN & gnikomS

C aseD ubmuB narotser iD kutnu aera 2 tapadret atrakaygoY gnaba

rA .nasep akerem gnay namunim nad nanakam itamkinem nemusnok ae

aera halada tubesret gnikomS oN & gnikomS ini aera naadebmeP .

apnat kokorem patet asib kokorem gnay nemusnok raga isgnufreb

.kokorem kadit gnay nemusnok ugnaggnem


94

.4 hadabI tapmeT

C aseD ubmuB narotser iD abit asaup nalub alib atrakaygoY gnaba

nem naka d nemusnok raga alohsum nakaidey kulemem gnay nawayrak na

I amaga .asaup nalub taas id hadabireb asib patet mals

.5 sauL rikraP

desid gnay rotomreb naaradnek rikrap tapmeT narotser helo nakai

C aseD ubmuB naaradnek 02 aggnih gnupmanem asib atrakaygoY gnaba

or .2 ador naaradnek 03 nad 4 ad

.6 ecivreS yrevileD

r ,atrakaygoY aera kutnU rotse C aseD ubmuB na atrakaygoY gnaba

nanayal nakaideynem aguj ecivres yreviled nigni gnay nemusnok kutnu

sib kadit ipatet aseD ubmuB nakasam itamkinem narotser ek igrep a

C aseD ubmuB ayaib tugnupid kadit ini nanayaL .atrakaygoY gnaba

.ilakes amas nahabmat


05

BAB V

NASAHABMEP NAD ASILANA

.A ukaB nahaB naaideS metsiS nretnI nailadnegneP ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR

atrakaygoY gnabaC

.1 isgnuF - tiakret gnay isgnuf

isgnuF – naaides metsis nretni nailadnegnep malad tiakret gnay isgnuf

ukab nahab ”aseD ubmuB“ narotser C isgnuf halada atrakaygoY gnaba

naamirenep isgnuf ,ukab nahab nailebmep isgnuf ,)nanapmiynep( gnadug

.isnatnuka isgnuf nad ukab nahab

)a gnaduG isgnuF

nad amirenem ,ilebmem malad narepreb gnadug isgnuF

irad ukab nahab nakraulegnem atres gnadug id ukab nahab napmiynem

gnaroes helo ialapekid gnaduG .gnadug repeeK erotS gnay

adapek gnusgnal bawaj gnuggnatreb rellortnoC tsoC .

d raulek naka ukab nahab akiteK nemetraped akam ,gnadug ira

taubmem naka tubesret ukab nahab nakhutubmem gnay noitiseuqer

redro nakharesid nad tubesret nemetraped alapek helo isasiroto id gnay

adapek lortnoc tsoc tapadnem haleteS . lortnoc tsoc nad isasirotognem

tatacnem redro noitiseuqer akam tubesret redro noitiseuqer tubesret

adapek nakireb id naka repeek erots .


15

naidumeK repeek erots gnay ukab nahab naklibmagnem naka

adap aretret gnay iauses nakhutubid redro noitiseuqer nad

.nakhutubmem gnay nemetraped adapek aynnakirebmem

)b eP isgnuF naamiren

irad ukab nahab amirenem naka akiteK reilppus akam , reyub naka

adap silutret gnay nagned kadit iauses uti ukab nahab kecegnem

tsil tekram amas tubesret ukab nahab hakapa kecegnem naka aI .

amas aynhalmuj ,)ayntareb nad naruku kusamret( nasepid gnay nagned

adap aretret gnay nagned tsil tekram apa kecegnem aguj nad aton hak

irad nailebmep reilppus gnay ukab nahab nagned iauses atad gn .

akam ,aynaumes iauses haleteS reyub aton nakirebmem naka

adapek tubesret lortnoc tsoc nad lortnoc tsoc tatacnem naka tubesret

adapek tubesret aton nakirebmem nad reppek koob bmem kutnu raya

gnatu uata gnusgnal araces tubesret nahigat )opmet( .

helo gnusgnal ilebid tubesret ukab nahab akiJ reyub nad aton akam ,

adapek nakharesid naka )ada akij( nailabmek gnau lortnoc tsoc kutnu

ulal tatacid lortnoc tsoc adapek nakhareynem naka repeek koob .

,uti haleteS repeek erots ek tubesret ukab nahab nakkusam naka malad

.aynsinej turunem atatid nad gnadug

)c nailebmeP isgnuF

gnay ukab nahab akiteK ,sipinem aynnaaidesrep gnadugid ada

akam repeek erots taubmem naka noitiseuqer esahcrup haleteS .

noitiseuqer esahcrup akam ,isasiroto id nad taubid epeek erots uti r


25

nakirebmem naka noitiseuqer esahcrup adapek uti lortnoc tsoc .

haleteS ,asilanaid kec id isasiroto id nad akam , noitiseuqer esahcrup

adapek nakirebid naka uti repeek koob nad tatac id kutnu nakirebmem

araces nakukalid tubesret ukab nahab nailebmep akij( gnau hsac .)

,uti haleteS noitiseuqer esahcrup gnau atres hsac nakirebid naka uti

adapek reyub nad reyub taubmem naka tsil tekram nakrasadreb

noitiseuqer esahcrup haleteS . tsil tekram akam ,idaj reyub naka

tubesret ukab nahab ilebmem ,rasap ek gnusgnal tekram repus uata

ek gnusgnal reilppus .

)d isnatnukA isgnuF

helo gnagepid inisid isnatnuka isgnuF repeek koob gnay

adapek gnusgnal bawaj gnuggnatreb gnitnuocca feihc ini isgnuF .

ukab nahab nailebmep malad raulek sak natatacnep nagned natiakreb

.sak gnau nakraulegnem gnanewreb nad

akitek idajret ini awitsireP noitiseuqer esahcrup halet gnay

irad amiretid isasirotoid lortnoc tsoc pakgnar utas halaS . p esahcru

itiseuqer no sak natatacnep itkub nakidajid kutnu libmaid naka uti

uti nialeS .raulek noitiseuqer esahcrup nakanugid gnay nemukod ,

.nailebmep aton halada raulek sak itkub iagabes

.2 isgnuF nahasimeP

C ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR iD et atrakaygoY gnaba aparebeb tapadr

.ukab nahab naaides nretni nailadnegnep metsis kutnebmem gnay isgnuf


35

isgnuF - nahaB nailebmeP isgnuF ,gnaduG isgnuF halada tubeset isgnuf

.isnatnukA isgnuF nad ukaB nahaB naamireneP isgnuF ,ukaB nahasimeP

isgnuf - malad aretret tubesret isgnuf ksed boj gnisam - gnay gnaro gnisam

gnanewewreb utiay :

)a rellortnoC tsoC

bawaJ gnuggnaT rellortnoC tsoC :

)1 ,kiab aman imed bawaj gnuggnat nad gnanewew ,sagut nakukaleM

narotser nad ayniskes/nemetraped nalisahrebek nad naracnalek

.aynmumu adap

)2 nakukaleM em nupuam kidoirep ararces kiab iskepsni atres kadadn

f itartsinimda kiab nagnukgnil id aynsusuhk nagnauek nupuam ,kisi

.ayniskes/nemetraped

)3 naujagnep inagnatadnanem atres asilanagnem/askiremeM esahcrup


)4 ( naropalep nad natatacneP gnitroper&gnidrocer nad ayaib )

.ayaib nailadnegnep

)5 id gnarab naraulegnep nad nanapmiynep sesorp isawagneM

.gnadug

)6 .aynnial nataigek nad isartsinimdA

)7 .gnadug id nahab/gnarab nanapmiynep isawagneM

)8 nep nanayalep isawagneM naraulegnep nad nanapmiy

.nahab/gnarab


45

)b repeeK erotS

bawaj gnuggnaT repeek erots sata bawaj gnuggnatreb halada

nad gnarab/nahab nanapmiynep itupilem gnay naajrekep naracnalek

redro noitiseuqer atres troper gniviecer ( tsil tekram nad isartsinimda ,)

.aynnial nataigek

)c reyuB

bawaj gnuggnaT reyub ianegnem bawaj gnuggnatreb halada

satitnauk nad satilauk itupilem gnay gnarab/nahab nailebmep naracnalek

rab a ( naajnalebmep isartsinimda ,gn esahcrup .agrah nad ) eyuB aguj r

aj gnuggnatreb amiretid gnay ukab nahab kecegnem nad amirenem baw

irad reilppus .

)d repeeK kooB

bawaj gnuggnaT repeek koob sata bawaj gnuggnatreb halada

id naajrekep naracnalek gnitnuocca ,naukubmep gnadib itupilem gnay

nuggnatreb atres aynnial nataigek nad isartsinimda sata bawaj g yttaP

hsac kiab aton narayabmep nad hsac .gnatu uata

.3 gnay nemukoD tiakret

iakret gnay nemukod aparebeb adA t nretni nailadnegnep malad

utiay ,ukab nahab tsil tekram ,redro noitiseuqer nad noitiseuqer esahcrup .

R redro noitiseuqe .gnadug irad ukab nahab atnimem kutnu nakanugid

R redro noitiseuqe gnay nemetraped kutnu utas ,agit pakgnar taubid ini

kutnu utas ,nakujagnem lortnoc tsoc kutnu aynutas gnay nad repeek erots .


55

R redro noitiseuqe nemetraped nanipmip helo isasirotoid surah ini gnay

aguj nad nakujagnem lortnoc tsoc .

nakgnadeS noitiseuqer esahcrup nahab ilebmem kutnu nakanugid

.sibah halet gnay ukab itrepes amaS r redro noitiseuqe , esahcrup

noitiseuqer kgnaR .pakgnar agit taubid aguj nemetraped kutnu amatrep pa

kutnu audek pakgnar ,nakujagnem gnay lortnoc tsoc rihkaret pakgnar nad

kutnu repeek koob . P noitiseuqer esahcru helo isasiroto id surah

nakujagnem gnay nemetreped nad lortnoc tsoc .

M tsil tekra rasad iagabes nakanugid reyub ukab nahab ilebmem

.sibah gnay tsil tekraM kutnu amatrep pakgnaR .aguj agit pakgnar taubid

reyub kutnu audek , lortnoc tsoc kutnu agitek nad repeek erots .

.4 .ukab nahab naaides metsis malad id ada gnay isnatnuka natataC

gnaroes helo nakukalid isnatnuka natatacneP repeek koob .

irad tapadid gnay nailebmep aton nakrasadreb id ini natatacneP reilppus

irad uata reyub akitek reyub .rasap ek gnusgnal ukab nahab ilebmem

b akitek utiay ,anahredes tagnas nakukalid gnay natatacneP naha

helo aynnaranebek kec id hadus nad gnatad ukab reyub aton akam

adapek nakharesid naka tubesret ukab nahab nailebmep repeek koob .

nagnatek iapmas halet uti aton akiteK repeek koob ,repeek koob naka

ata ianut tubesret ukab nahab nailebmep hakapa tahilem .opmet u

rayabid gnusgnal naka akam ianut uti ukab nahab nailebmep akiJ

iauses akam ,rayabid haleteS .aton id silutret gnay nagned repeek koob

gnay gnau halmuj silunem nad nailebmep aton napmiynem naka


65

adaP .tubesret ukab nahab rayabmem kutnu nakraulekid naputunep taas

,uti irah repeek koob nad uti irah adap nailebmep latot nakhalmujnem naka

gnay gnarab nailebmep naropal taubmem kutnu nakanugid naka ini atad

adapek nakropalid kutnu aynnalub paites taubid teltuo rejanam .

aynlah adeB ret ukab nahab akij , )opmet( gnatu nagned ilebid tubes

nahab akij rayabmem naka itkub kutnu napmisid naka tubesret aton akam

gnay natatacneP .aynnarayabmep opmet hutaj hadus tubesret ukab

nad tubesret aton adap nahigat halmuj naksilunem halada nakukalid nad

aton nakkopmolegnem .tubesret gnatu opmet hutaj nakrasadreb

naka repeek koob akam ,nakkopmolegnem haleteS

aynisalumukagnem nahigat halmuj - nalub amales nial gnay nahigat

nalub adap gnatu atad kutnu nakanugid ini isalumuka halmuJ .tubesret

adapek nakropalid nad tubesret anam teltuo rej .

.5 rusnu iroet nagnidnabreP - idajret gnay nagned nretni nailadnegnep rusnu

rusnu gnatnet iroet halada iakapid gnay iroeT - nailadnegnep rusnu

turunem nretni stnatnuoccA cilbuP deifitreC fo etutitsnI naciremA

)APCIA( utiay , :

lebaT 5.1. turunem iroet aratna nagnidnabreP fo etutitsnI naciremAstnatnuoccA cilbuP deifitreC t gnay naidajek nagned )APCIA( id idajre

aseD ubmuB narotser C atrakaygoY gnaba ada gnay iroeT id idajret gnay naidajeK nagnapal

gnay isasinagro rutkurtS bawaj gnuggnat nakhasimem

saget araces lanoisgnuf .

gnay ada nawayrak utas halas taaSffo nahasimep ada kadit ,)rubil(

gnay lanoisgnuf bawaj gnuggnat napakgnarep ada anerak saget

isgnuf . :rebmuS haloid atad


75

nagro rutkurtS R id isasi atrakaygoY gnabaC ”aseD ubmuB“ narotse

ej nagned bawaj gnuggnat nahasimep gnatnet iroet nakketkarpmem sal

nagneD .saget araces lanoisgnuf ksed boj nikames akam ,salej gnay

”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR id awhab gnay itkub irebmem C aba gn

etkarp nakparenem atrakaygoY .tubesret iroet k

gnisam nupualaW - gnisam bawaj gnuggnat gnatnet salej hadus gnisam -

id ketkarp malad ipatet naka ,gnisam idajret gnires nagnapal

nalebodnep napakgnarep/ irad utas halas alibapa idajret inI .naajrekep

( kusam kadit gnay ada akerem ffo anerakid ) akerem lawdaj gnamem nak

akam ,idajret ini akiJ .ajrek kusam kadit niji akerem uata rubil kutnu

gnaroes repeek erots iagabes pakgnarem naka rellortnoc tsoc ,reyub naka

iagabes pakgnarem reyub uata repeek erots gnaroes uata , repeek erots naka

abes pakgnarem iag rellortnoc tsoc .

lebaT 5.2. turunem iroet aratna nagnidnabreP fo etutitsnI naciremAstnatnuoccA cilbuP deifitreC idajret gnay naidajek nagned )APCIA( id


sorp nad gnanewew metsiS rude nakirebmem gnay natatacnep padahret pukuc gnay nagnudnilrep

ayakek nad ,natapadnep gnatu ,naayaib .

gnay ada nawayrak utas halas taaSffo metsis ada kadit ,)rubil(

natatacnep rudesorp nad gnanewewnagnudnilrep nakirebmem gnay

ukab nahab padahret pukuc gnay . haloid atad :rebmuS

atatacnep rudesorP anebes isasiroto nairebmep nad n hadus aynr

nad raneb nagned nakukalid s iroet nagned iause ada gnay idajnem gnaY .

usam kadit isasiroto irebmep akitek halada aladnek k kaM .nizi uata ajrek a

naka isasiroto naigab libmaid uata nasepid asib ukab nahab ipatet gnosok

gnay nagnarucek naklubminem asib ini macames awitsireP .gnadug irad


85

asib bawaj gnuggnatreb kadit gnay gnaro helo naktaafnamid alib

tsis kutnu nakiabrep ada muleB .narotser nakigurem ini huajes ,ini me

crepek aynah a metsis naknalajnem kutnu nagnagep idajnem gnay ajas naay

.ini

lebaT 5.3. turunem iroet aratna nagnidnabreP fo etutitsnI naciremAstnatnuoccA cilbuP deifitreC id idajret gnay naidajek nagned )APCIA(


romonreb rilumrof naanuggneP katecret turu )mrof derebmunerp(

surah ayniakamep gnay gnay helo nakbawajgnuggnatrepid

gnanewreb .

monreb rilumroF e r katecret turu)mrof derebmunerp( kadit

adaP .nagnapal malad nakanugidf mro redro noitiseuqer aynah

silutid gnay turu remon silutretlaunam .

haloid atad :rebmuS

id iakapid aynah turu remoN redro noitiseuqer kadit nuputi nad

n naisigneP .katec nisem nagned katecret isi id aynah katecret turu remo

helo neplup nagned launam lortnoc tsoc kutnu lasimeS . redro noitiseuqer

ulal ,1 on silutid naka uti irah id amatrep redro noitiseuqer naka audek

.aynsuretes utigeb 2 on silutid


aseD ubmuB narotser C atrakaygoY gnaba ada gnay iroeT id idajret gnay naidajeK nagnapal kadadnem naaskiremeP desirprus(

)tidua nakanaskalid apnat uluhad hibelret nauhatirebmep

askirepid gnay kahip adapekrutaret kadit gnay lawdaj nagned .

kadadnem naaskiremeP desirprus( )tidua nakukalid aynsurahes gnay

helo gnitnuoccA feihC hanrep kadit nakukalid nakajibek aynada anerak

.kilimep d atad :rebmuS haloi

kadadnem naaskiremeP malad ksed boJ helo nakukalid aynsurahes

gnitnuocca feihc ipatet muleb naitilenep nakukalem silunep taas iapmas

”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR id nakukalid hanrep C inI .atrakaygoY gnaba


95

nakanerakid C ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR kilimep kadit atrakaygoY gnaba

idajnem ulalret idaj ,ini nataigek kutnu halasam nak gnitnuocca feihc aguj

.ini kadadnem naaskiremep nataigek nakukalem ulrep kadit asarem

akij hatnirep nakirebmem kilimeP gnitnuocca feihc hurusid aynah

nauek naropal gnatnet isurugnem aynaumes ukab nahab nasuru ,ajas nag

adapek nakharesid rellortnoc tsoc . irad lanretni tidua nakhaB D ubmuB ase

leb nup tasup u gnabac nagned adebreb inI .nakukalid hanrep m - gnabac

id ased ubmub kadites gnay nial atok ubmuB irad lanretni tidua hanrep ayn

D .tasup ase

lebaT 5. .5 turunem iroet aratna nagnidnabreP fo etutitsnI naciremAstnatnuoccA cilbuP deifitreC id idajret gnay naidajek nagned )APCIA(


helob kadit iskasnart paiteS rihka iapmas lawa irad nakukalid tinu utas uata gnaro utas helo nagnat rupmac ada apnat isasinagro

.nial isasinagro tinu uata gnaro irad

nailebmep lasimes iskasnart paiteS gnaro aparebeb helo nakukalid nakukalem gnanewreb gnay

.uti iskasnart

haloid atad :rebmuS

aynada aneraK ksed boj atres gnanewew rutagnem halet nad salej gnay

gnisam bawaj gnuggnat - nataigek akam ,gnisam - aynah iskasnart nataigek

malad bawaj gnuggnatreb nad gnanewreb gnay gnaro helo nakukalid

nataigek nakukalem tubesret .ajas gnaro utas helo nakukal id kadit nad

naktabilem naka nakam ukab nahab ilebmem kutnu lasimeS ,repeek erots

.reyub nad repeek koob ,lortnoc tsoc


06


aseD ubmuB narotser C atrakaygoY gnaba ada gnay iroeT nagnapalid idajret gnay naidajeK

natabaj naratupreP )noitator boj( . nakadaid gnay natabaj naratupreP agajnem naka nitur araces malad tabajep isnednepedni

askalem aggnihes ,aynnaujut nakan akerem aratnaid nalokgnokgnesrep

.iradnihid tapad

noitator boJ adap nakukalid aynahnatabaj - 4 level adap natabaj (

,yrtnap ,retiaw ijasumarp reteerg ,)lld id idajret aynah nad hawabek 2

ajas nemetraped nemetraped utiay nad )gnitekram( narasamep

nemetraped ecivres . haloid atad :rebmuS

”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR iD C ,atrakaygoY gnaba noitator boj aynah

natabaj adapek nakukalid - adap hawab ek 4 level adap katelret gnay natabaj

namejanam rutkurts nah idajret nad .ajas nemetraped aparebeb id ay

gnaroes idajnem isator id tapad ijasumarp gnaroes halada aynhotnoC

.reteerg utnu anerak nakukalid ini nakajibek inI k natabaj - gnay natabaj

nakididnep nad susuhk nahitalep nakulrepid sata ek 3 level adap katelret

.iggnit gnay


aseD ubmuB narotser C atrakaygoY gnaba ada gnay iroeT id idajret gnay naidajeK nagnapal nalibmagnep nasuraheK igab ituc

.kahreb gnay nawayrak aseD ubmuB nawayrak paiteS

nalub 1 malad atrakaygoY gnabac ini nad irah 4 amales rubil kahreb

.nawayrak libmaid surah haloid atad :rebmuS

”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR adaP C 03 nakukalrebid atrakaygoY gnaba

.aynnalub paites irah 4 rubil nalibmagnep nagned ajrek irah ini rubil iraH

.lepar id helob kadit nad aynnalub paites libmaid bijaw ukalreb ini narutA

”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR iawagep aumes kutnu C .atrakaygoY gnaba


16

lebaT 5.8. urunem iroet aratna nagnidnabreP t fo etutitsnI naciremAstnatnuoccA cilbuP deifitreC id idajret gnay naidajek nagned )APCIA(


nakadaid kidoirep araceS nagned ukab nahab kisif nakococnep

aynisnatnuka natatac .

ukab nahab kisif nakococneP aynisnatnuka natatac nagned narotser id nakukalid hanrep kadit atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB kilimep nakajibek anerak

.narotser haloid atad :rebmuS

hanrep kadit isnatnuka natatac nagned ukab nahab kisif nakococneP

helo nakukalid gnitnuocca feihc . malad lahadaP ksed boj ini nataigek ,

c helo nakukalid bijaw gnitnuocca feih . halet gnay itrepes aynnasalA

c gnaroes awhab sataid naksalejid gnitnuocca feih hurus id aynah

.ajas nagnauek naropal nasuru isurugnem iD r ”aseD ubmuB“ narotse

C atrakaygoY gnaba narep c gnitnuocca feih nad repeek koob 1 pakgnarid

.nakukalid kadit ini nataigek akam gnaro repeek kooB sagutreb aynah

,nagnauek nagned gnusgnal nagnubuhreb gnay nataigek nakukalem

nahigat narayabmep lasimes - arap adapek aton nahigat reilppus nad

ces ukab nahab nailebmep kutnu gnau nakraulegnem .ianut ara kutnu idaJ

helo inagnat id aynaumes ukab nahab nasuru repeek erots ,lortnoc tsoc nad

reyub .


atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser ada gnay iroeT id idajret gnay naidajeK nagnapal

gnay isasinagro tinu nakutnebmeP sativitkefe kecegnem kutnu sagutreb

rusnu - nailadnegnep rutkurts rusnunretni .

gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser iD tinu utaus ada kadit atrakaygoY

sagutreb gnay isasinagro kutnurusnu sativitkefe kecegnem - rusnu

nretni nailadnegnep rutkurts . haloid atad :rebmuS


26

”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR adap nakparetid kadit ini nataigeK C gnaba

naujut kutnu atrakaygoY isneisife .ijag ayaib POS malad ,uti nialeS

lah mutnacret kadit nup aseD ubmuB )naahasreP isarepO radnatS(

susuhk sagutreb gnay isasinagro tinu ianegnem sativitkefe kecegnem kutnu

rusnu - nretni nailadnegnep rutkurts rusnu ynaH . kutnu aynranebes ,ajas a

kecegnem nasuru rusnu sativitkefe - nretni nailadnegnep rutkurts rusnu

iapmas ,ipatet nakA .tasup naahasurep nretni rotidua helo nakukalid

ada nupilakes hanrep muleb iaseles ini itilenep nakukalid gnay naitilenep

aahasurep irad tidua .tasup n



iauses aynutum gnay nawayraK.aynbawaj gnuggnat nagned

iapmas 1 level adap natabaj kutnU gnay gnaro surah laninim 3 level nakgnades ,1S hazaji iaynupmem laminim hawabek 4 ek level kutnu

.AMS haloid atad :rebmuS

aseD ubmuB“ narotseR nawayrak idajnem kutnU ” C atrakaygoY gnaba

helo nakukalid ini iskeles pahaT .iskeles pahat itukignem ulales surah

atres kilimep reganam teltuo . gnay hazaji aguj tahilid ini pahat adaP

iapmas 1 level adap natabaj kutnU .naajrekep ramalep nolac helo awabid

ro surah laninim 3 level kutnu nakgnades ,1S hazaji iaynupmem gnay gna

.AMS laminim hawabek 4 ek level nagned iskeles nakukalem haleteS

akam ,ased ubmub nawayrak idajnem hilipret nad nagnabmitrep iagabreb

pahat halada ayntujnales pahat gniniart aseD ubmuB id nakukalid gnay

y tasup nawayrak akam ,gniniart haleteS .taraB awaJ gnudnaB id ada gna


36

gnabac ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR id nakilabmekid urab tubesret urab gnay

2 level natabaj kutnu ukalreb ini metsiS .ajrekeb kutnu atrakaygoY

( 1 level natabaj kutnu anerak ,hawabek reganam teltuo us ) nakutnetid had

.tasuP aseD ubmuB helo

.B ”aseD ubmuB“ narotseR adap nretnI nailadnegneP sativitkefE naijugneP

C atrakaygoY gnaba

tapad kadit uata fitkefe uti metsis utaus hakapa iuhategnem kutnU

( LPUA nakgnidnabmem arac nagned nakukalid noisicerp reppu deveihca

timil (LPUD nagned ) timil noiciserp reppu derised halada amatrep hakgnaL .)

nakutnenem silunep etubirtta .askirepid naka gnay etubirrtA naka gnay

isasiroto halada askirepid nemukod adap gnanewreb gnay kahip esahcrup


isaulavegnem kutnu itilenep nakpatetid gnay naayacrepek takgniT

%5 LPUD nagned %59 halada nahutapek nad nahalasek takgnit nariskat

%1 rasebes halada isalupop malad lepmas lebat nakrasadnem nagned , orez

secnerrucco detcepxe naripmal( 2) muminim lepmas halmuj nakulrepid

kaynabes 001 nemukod hilimem halet itilenep kaca araceS . 001 laggnat

nailebmep gnadug irad ukab nahab nalibmagnep nad kutnu idajret hadus gnay

lebat( naijugnep lepmas V. 11 .)


46

lebaT .11.5 D ratfa A araceS hipilreT gnay nemukoD laggnaT kac oN laggnaT oN laggnaT oN laggnaT oN laggnaT

1 2102/1/4 62 2102/2/8 15 2102/3/02 67 52 /4 2102/ 2 2102/1/6 72 2102/2/9 25 2102/3/22 77 62 /4 2102/ 3 2102/1/8 82 2102/2/01 35 2102/3/42 87 72 /4 2102/ 4 2102/1/01 92 2102/2/31 45 2102/3/52 97 92 /4 2102/ 5 2102/1/11 03 2102/2/51 55 2102/3/62 08 03 /4 2102/ 6 2102/1/21 13 2102/2/61 65 2102/3/72 18 3/5 2102/ 7 2102/1/41 23 2102/2/71 75 2102/3/82 28 5/5 2102/ 8 2102/1/61 33 2102/2/91 85 2102/3/92 38 6/5 2102/ 9 2102/1/71 43 2102/2/02 95 2102/3/03 48 7/5 2102/ 01 2102/1/81 53 2102/2/22 06 2102/3/13 58 01 /5 2102/ 11 2102/1/91 63 2102/2/32 16 1/4 2102/ 68 11 /5 2102/ 21 2102/1/12 73 2102/2/52 26 3/4 2102/ 78 21 /5 2102/ 31 22 2102/1/ 83 2102/2/62 36 4/4 2102/ 88 41 /5 2102/ 41 42 2102/1/ 93 2102/2/82 46 5/4 2102/ 98 61 /5 2102/ 51 62 2102/1/ 04 2102/2/92 56 6/4 2102/ 09 71 /5 2102/ 61 72 2102/1/ 14 2102/3/2 66 8/4 2102/ 19 81 /5 2102/ 71 82 2102/1/ 24 2102/3/3 76 9/4 2102/ 29 91 /5 2102/ 81 92 2102/1/ 34 2102/3/5 86 01 /4 2102/ 39 02 /5 2102/ 91 03 2102/1/ 44 2102/3/6 96 21 /4 2102/ 49 32 /5 2102/ 02 2102/1/13 54 2102/3/9 07 31 /4 2102/ 59 42 /5 2102/ 12 2102/2/1 64 2102/3/01 17 41 /4 2102/ 69 52 /5 2102/ 22 2102/2/2 74 2102/3/21 27 61 /4 2102/ 79 82 /5 2102/ 32 2102/2/4 84 2102/3/51 37 81 /4 2102/ 89 92 /5 2102/ 42 2102/2/5 94 2102/3/61 47 02 /4 2102/ 99 03 /5 2102/ 52 2102/2/7 05 2102/3/71 57 22 /4 2102/ 001 13 /5 2102/

nemukod halada amatrep nemukod naaskiremeP noitiseuqer esahcrup .

etubirttA o halada askirepid naka gnay etraped isasirot jagnem gnay nem naku

noitiseuqer esahcrup irad isasiroto nad lortnoc tsoc .


56

elbaT 5. .21 P lisaH naaskireme D nemuko noitiseuqer esahcrup

oN laggnaT isasirotO nemetrapeD C tso C lortno

1 2102/1/4 √ √ 2 2102/1/6 √ √ 3 2102/1/8 √ x 4 2102/1/01 √ √ 5 2102/1/11 √ √ 6 2102/1/21 √ √ 7 2102/1/41 √ √ 8 2102/1/61 √ √ 9 2102/1/71 √ √ 01 2102/1/81 √ √ 11 2102/1/91 √ √ 21 2102/1/12 √ √ 31 22 2102/1/ √ x 41 42 2102/1/ √ √ 51 62 2102/1/ √ √ 61 72 2102/1/ √ √ 71 82 2102/1/ √ √ 81 92 2102/1/ √ √ 91 03 2102/1/ √ x 02 2102/1/13 √ √ 12 2102/2/1 √ √ 22 2102/2/2 √ √ 32 2102/2/4 √ √ 42 2102/2/5 √ √ 52 2102/2/7 √ √ 62 2102/2/8 √ √ 72 2102/2/9 √ √ 82 2102/2/01 √ √ 92 2102/2/31 √ √ 03 2102/2/51 √ √ 13 2102/2/61 √ x 23 2102/2/71 √ √ 33 2102/2/91 √ √ 43 2102/2/02 √ √ 53 2102/2/22 √ √ 63 2102/2/32 √ √ 73 2102/2/52 √ √ 83 2102/2/62 √ √ 93 2102/2/82 √ √ 04 2102/2/92 √ √ 14 2102/3/2 √ √


66

5 elbaT . 21 . P lisaH naaskireme D nemuko noitiseuqer esahcrup (l )natujna

oN laggnaT isasirotO nemetrapeD lortnoC tsoC

24 2102/3/3 √ √ 34 2102/3/5 √ √ 44 2102/3/6 √ √ 54 2102/3/9 √ √ 64 2102/3/01 √ √ 74 2102/3/21 √ √ 84 2102/3/51 √ √ 94 2102/3/61 √ x 05 2102/3/71 √ x 15 2102/3/02 √ √ 25 2102/3/22 √ √ 35 2102/3/42 √ √ 45 2102/3/52 √ √ 55 2102/3/62 √ √ 65 2102/3/72 √ √ 75 2102/3/82 √ √ 85 2102/3/92 √ √ 95 2102/3/03 √ √ 06 2102/3/13 √ √ 16 1/4 2102/ √ √ 26 3/4 2102/ √ √ 36 4/4 2102/ √ √ 46 5/4 2102/ √ √ 56 6/4 2102/ √ x 66 8/4 2102/ √ x 76 9/4 2102/ √ √ 86 01 /4 2102/ √ √ 96 21 /4 2102/ √ √ 07 31 /4 2102/ √ √ 17 41 /4 2102/ √ √ 27 61 /4 2102/ √ √ 37 81 /4 2102/ √ √ 47 02 /4 2102/ √ x 57 22 /4 2102/ √ √ 67 52 /4 2102/ √ √ 77 62 /4 2102/ √ √ 87 72 /4 2102/ √ √ 97 92 /4 2102/ √ √ 08 03 /4 2102/ √ √ 18 3/5 2102/ √ √ 28 5/5 2102/ √ √


76

5 elbaT . 21 . P lisaH naaskireme D nemuko noitiseuqer esahcrup )natujnal(

: rebmuS nemukoD noitiseuqer esahcrup aseD ubmuB C gnaba atrakaygoY

: nagnareteK √ ada =

ada kadit = x

adnat naksalejnem isasiroto moloK isasiroto gnay )tabajep( sagutep helo

gnarab nailebmep malad gnanewreb nakujagnem gnay nemetraped utiay gnay

nakujagnem noitiseuqer esahcrup irad isasiroto nad lortnoc tsoc gnatnecret lisaH .

(√ ) dap tapadret nakujagnem gnay nemetraped helo isasiroto molok aumes a

noitiseuqer esahcrup molok malad numaN . c tso c ortno l isasiroto nakukalid kadit

kaynabes 31 .ilak

nagnutihrep ,ayntujnaleS ( LPUA timil noisicerp reppu deveihca ) kutnu

etubirtta isasiroto malad noitiseuqer esahcrup : halada

oN laggnaT isasirotO nemetrapeD lortnoC tsoC

38 6/5 2102/ √ √ 48 7/5 2102/ √ √ 58 01 /5 2102/ √ √ 68 11 /5 2102/ √ √ 78 21 /5 2102/ √ √ 88 41 /5 2102/ √ √ 98 61 /5 2102/ √ √ 09 71 /5 2102/ √ x 19 81 /5 2102/ √ x 29 91 /5 2102/ √ x 39 02 /5 2102/ √ x 49 32 /5 2102/ √ √ 59 42 /5 2102/ √ √ 69 52 /5 2102/ √ √ 79 82 /5 2102/ √ √ 89 92 /5 2102/ √ √ 99 03 /5 2102/ √ √ 001 13 /5 2102/ √ √


86

.1 ( LPUA timil noisicerp reppu deveihca ) kutnu etubirtta irad isasiroto

nakujagnem gnay nemetraped noitiseuqer esahcrup .

malad nakukalid halet gnay lepmas naaskiremep lisah nakrasadreB

sata id lebat kadit nakumetid nemukod noitiseuqer esahcrup kadit gnay

nakujagnem gnay nemetraped helo isasirotoid noitiseuqer esahcrup . inI

isasiroto malad nahalasek tapadret kadit itrareb noitiseuqer esahcrup helo

.nakujagnem gnay nemetraped nahalasek halmuJ 0 ini lah malad(

)nahalasek jnales nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid ayntu noisicerP reppU

ecnerruccO fo etaR tnecreP : timiL elbat nakrasadreB . isaulave lisah

3 naripmal( %59 naladnaek d ) awhab iuhatekid tapa noisicerP reppU

ecnerruccO fo etaR tnecreP : timiL nagned amas nahalasek takgnit kutnu 0

halada %3 . hibel gnay LPUA lisaH licek ( LPUD adapirad 3 % < )%5 adap

etubirtta nakujagnem gnay nemetraped irad isasiroto noitiseuqer esahcrup

metsis awhab naklupmisid tapad .fitkefe hadus ini

.2 ( LPUA timil noisicerp reppu deveihca ) kutnu etubirtta irad isasiroto tsoc

lortnoc iujuteynem gnay noitiseuqer esahcrup .


nakumetid sata id lebat 31 isaasirotoid kadit gnay nahab nailebmep ilak

helo lortnoc tsoc kaynabes nahalasek tapadret uata , 13 nahalasek halmuJ .

nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid ayntujnales ini : timiL noisicerP reppU

ecnerruccO fo etaR tnecreP elbat nakrasadreB . isaulave naladnaek lisah

3 naripmal( %59 d ) awhab iuhatekid tapa tnecreP : timiL noisicerP reppU

ecnerruccO fo etaR t kutnu nahalasek takgni 31 halada %02 . LPUA lisaH


96

adap )%5 > %02( LPUD adapirad raseb hibel gnay etubirtta irad isasiroto

lortnoc tsoc iujuteynem gnay noitiseuqer esahcrup naklupmisid tapad

metsis awhab .fitkefe muleb ini

nemukod halada audek nemukod naaskiremeP redro noitiseuqer . etubirttA

nemetraped isasiroto halada askirepid naka gnay nehctik jagnem gnay naku

redro noitiseuqer irad isasiroto nad lortnoc tsoc .

elbaT 5. 31 . naaskiremep lisaH nemukod redro noitiseuqer

oN laggnaT isasirotO nemetrapeD nehctiK C tso C lortno

1 2102/1/4 √ √ 2 2102/1/6 √ √ 3 2102/1/8 √ x 4 2102/1/01 √ √ 5 2102/1/11 √ √ 6 2102/1/21 √ √ 7 2102/1/41 √ √ 8 2102/1/61 √ √ 9 2102/1/71 √ √ 01 2102/1/81 √ √ 11 2102/1/91 √ √ 21 2102/1/12 √ √ 31 22 2102/1/ √ x 41 42 2102/1/ √ √ 51 62 2102/1/ √ √ 61 72 2102/1/ √ √ 71 82 2102/1/ √ √ 81 92 2102/1/ √ √ 91 03 2102/1/ √ x 02 2102/1/13 √ √ 12 2102/2/1 √ √ 22 2102/2/2 √ √ 32 2102/2/4 √ √ 42 2102/2/5 √ √ 52 2102/2/7 √ √ 62 2102/2/8 √ √ 72 2102/2/9 √ √ 82 2102/2/01 √ √


07

5 elbaT . .31 nemukod naaskiremep lisaH redro noitiseuqer )natujnal(

oN laggnaT isasirotO nemetrapeD nehctiK lortnoC tsoC

92 2102/2/31 √ √ 03 2102/2/51 √ √ 13 2102/2/61 √ x 23 2102/2/71 √ √ 33 2102/2/91 √ √ 43 2102/2/02 √ √ 53 2102/2/22 √ √ 63 2102/2/32 √ √ 73 2102/2/52 √ √ 83 2102/2/62 √ √ 93 2102/2/82 √ √ 04 2102/2/92 √ √ 14 2102/3/2 √ √ 24 2102/3/3 √ √ 34 2102/3/5 √ √ 44 2102/3/6 √ √ 54 2102/3/9 √ √ 64 2102/3/01 √ √ 74 2102/3/21 √ √ 84 2102/3/51 √ √ 94 2102/3/61 √ x 05 2102/3/71 √ x 15 2102/3/02 √ √ 25 2102/3/22 √ √ 35 2102/3/42 √ √ 45 2102/3/52 √ √ 55 2102/3/62 √ √ 65 2102/3/72 √ √ 75 2102/3/82 √ √ 85 2102/3/92 √ √ 95 2102/3/03 √ √ 06 2102/3/13 √ √ 16 1/4 2102/ √ √ 26 3/4 2102/ √ √ 36 4/4 2102/ √ √ 46 5/4 2102/ √ √ 56 6/4 2102/ √ x 66 8/4 2102/ √ x 76 9/4 2102/ √ √ 86 01 /4 2102/ √ √ 96 21 /4 2102/ √ √


17

5 elbaT . 31 . nemukod naaskiremep lisaH redro noitiseuqer )natujnal(

oN laggnaT isasirotO nemetrapeD nehctiK lortnoC tsoC

07 31 /4 2102/ √ √ 17 41 /4 2102/ √ √ 27 61 /4 2102/ √ √ 37 81 /4 2102/ √ √ 47 02 /4 2102/ √ x 57 22 /4 2102/ √ √ 67 52 /4 2102/ √ √ 77 62 /4 2102/ √ √ 87 72 /4 2102/ √ √ 97 92 /4 2102/ √ √ 08 03 /4 2102/ √ √ 18 3/5 2102/ √ √ 28 5/5 2102/ √ √ 38 6/5 2102/ √ √ 48 7/5 2102/ √ √ 58 01 /5 2102/ √ √ 68 11 /5 2102/ √ √ 78 21 /5 2102/ √ √ 88 41 /5 2102/ √ √ 98 61 /5 2102/ √ √ 09 71 /5 2102/ √ x 19 81 /5 2102/ √ x 29 91 /5 2102/ √ x 39 02 /5 2102/ √ x 49 32 /5 2102/ √ √ 59 42 /5 2102/ √ √ 69 52 /5 2102/ √ √ 79 82 /5 2102/ √ √ 89 92 /5 2102/ √ √ 99 03 /5 2102/ √ √ 001 13 /5 2102/ √ √ rebmuS : nemukoD redro noitiseuqer atrakaygoYgnabac aseD ubmuB

nagnareteK : √ ada =

ada kadit = x

moloK isasiroto adnat naksalejnem isasiroto )tabajep( sagutep helo

gnanewreb nakhutubmem ukab nahab nemetraped utiay nehctik nad nakujagnem

redro noitiseuqer irad isasiroto nad lortnoc tsoc iujuteynem gnay tabajep ukales


27

.gnadug irad raulek tubesret ukab nahab ( gnatnecret lisaH √ ) aumes adap tapadret

nemetraped helo isasiroto molok nehctik nakujagnem gnay redro noitiseuqer .

molok malad numaN c tso c rellortno kaynabes isasiroto nakukalid kadit 31 .ilak

nagnutihrep ,ayntujnaleS ( LPUA timil noisicerp reppu deveihca ) kutnu

etubirtta malad isasiroto redro noitiseuqer : halada

.1 ( LPUA timil noisicerp reppu deveihca ) kutnu etubirtta irad isasiroto

nemetraped nehctik nakujagnem gnay redro noitiseuqer .


sata id lebat kadit nakumetid nemukod redro noitiseuqer kadit gnay

nemetraped helo isasirotoid nehctik nakujagnem gnay redro noitiseuqer .

isasiroto malad nahalasek tapadret kadit itrareb inI redro noitiseuqer helo

nemetraped nehctik . nahalasek halmuJ )nahalasek 0 ini lah malad(

enem kutnu nakanugid ayntujnales nakutn tnecreP : timiL noisicerP reppU

ecnerruccO fo etaR elbat nakrasadreB . isaulave %59 naladnaek lisah

3 naripmal( d ) awhab iuhatekid tapa etaR tnecreP : timiL noisicerP reppU

ecnerruccO fo nagned amas nahalasek takgnit kutnu 0 halada %3 . lisaH

hibel gnay LPUA licek ( LPUD adapirad 3 % < )%5 adap etubirtta isasiroto

nemetraped irad nehctik nakujagnem gnay redro noitiseuqer tapad

metsis awhab naklupmisid .fitkefe hadus ini

.2 ( LPUA timil noisicerp reppu deveihca ) kutnu etubirtta tsoc irad isasiroto

iujuteynem gnay lortnoc redro noitiseuqer .


ilak 31 nakumetid sata id lebat gnadug irad ukab nahab nalibmagnep gnay


37

helo isaasirotoid kadit lortnoc tsoc asek tapadret uata , .31 kaynabes nahal

nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid ayntujnales ini nahalasek halmuJ reppU

ecnerruccO fo etaR tnecreP : timiL noisicerP isaulave elbat nakrasadreB .

3 naripmal( %59 naladnaek lisah awhab iuhatekid tapad ) noisicerP reppU

cO fo etaR tnecreP : timiL ecnerruc halada 31 nahalasek takgnit kutnu

.%02 adap )%5 > %02( LPUD adapirad raseb hibel gnay LPUA lisaH

etubirtta irad isasiroto lortnoc tsoc iujuteynem gnay redro noitiseuqer

metsis awhab naklupmisid tapad .fitkefe muleb ini


47

B BA VI

P PUTUNE

.A nalupmiseK

atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id naitilenep nakukalem haleteS

: utiay ,lah aparebeb iuhatekid tapad

.1 aseD ubmuB narotser id ukab nahab naaides metsis nretni nailadnegneP

C halet anerak kiab nagned nalajreb hadus aynranebes atrakaygoY gnaba

hunepid ayni s irad nahameleK .nretni nailadnegnep rusnu aparebeb i mets

akitek halada ini lortnoc tsoc iujuteynem gnay tabajep iagabes noitiseuqer

redro nad noitiseuqer esahcrup sam kadit ituc uata rubil anerak ajrek ku ,

akam gnadug irad ukab nahab nalibmagnep uata ukab nahab nailebmep

nakukalid asib kadit aynranebes gnay .nakukalid asib patet aparebeb adA

aseD ubmuB helo raggnalid gnay )naahasurep lanoisarepo radnats( POS

napakgnarep gnatnet halada aynhotnoC .atrakaygoY gnabac .natabaj

nakisneisifegnem naka natabaj napakgnarep narikipreb kilimep ualaW

naka kadit aynutnet natabaj napakgnarep irad ajrek lisah ipatet ,ijag ayaib

.lamiskam

.2 P nretni nailadnegne metsis aseD ubmuB narotser adap ukab nahab naaides

atrakaygoY gnabac hadus gnay nemetraped isasiroto adap fitkefe

LPUD adapirad licek hibel LPUA anerak tubesret nemukod nakujagnem

.)%5 < %3(


57

isasiroto adap nakgnadeS lortnoc tsoc iujuteynem gnay tabajep iagabes

hibel LPUA naktabikagnem gnay nahalasek tapadret anerak fitkefe muleb

.)%5 > %02( LPUD adapirad raseb

.B eP nasatabreteK naitilen

nasatabreteK - naitilenep nakukalem malad nasatabretek kutnu

is nretni nailadnegnep isaulavegnem narotser adap ukab nahab naaides mets

aseD ubmuB C : halada atrakaygoY gnaba

.1 ubmuB narotser helo nakraulekid asib kadit gnay atad aparebeb ada hisaM

aseD C natatac nagned natiakreb gnay utiay ,atrakaygoY gnaba

.aynisnatnuka

.2 pop malad nahalasek nariskaT ini naitilenep malad % 1 rasebes isalu

gnay atad nasatabretek anerak sitiroet naarikrep nakrasadreb nakpatetid

aseD ubmuB narotser nakaidesid C .atrakaygoY gnaba

.C naraS

.1 naahasureP igaB

nem nakukalid ulrep kadit natabaj napakgnarep aynkiabeS lisah tagnig

hibel naka ijag ayaib ualaw lamiskam utigeb kadit naka helorepid gnay

taubid akam ,kusam kadit lortnoc tsoc alibapa isatagnem kutnU .neisife

isasirotognem gnay repeek erots ajas natakapesek redro noitiseuqer nad

noitiseuqer esahcrup nad gnosok kadit lortnoc tsoc isasiroto molok idaJ .

.nakbawaj gnuggnatrepid asib patet napmiynem aynkiab ada ,uti nialeS

pisra redro noitiseuqer nad noitiseuqer esahcrup nakanugid tapad raga

.aynnagnauek naropal itkub iagabes


67

.2 ayntukireB itileneP igaB

H aynarac ,isalupop malad nahalasek takgnit nariskat gnutihgnem sura

halmuj ulaL .aynnahalasek askiremem nad lepmas libmagnem halada

halada aynhotnoC .lepmas halmuj nagned nakgnidnabid naka nahalasek

ukod rabmel 05 utiay ,lepmas 05 libmagnem itilenep lasimes redro nem

gnay nahalasek apareb ada itiletid tubesret rabmel 05 iraD .nailebmep

nagnutihrep akam ,isasirotoid kadit gnay rabmel 1 ada lasimeS .idajret

.)05 : 1( %2 rasebes halada isalipop malad nahalasek takgnit nariskat


77

AKATSUP RATFAD

.)0002( .K semaJ ,ekcebeoL dna .A nivlA ,snerA hcaoppA detargetnI nA : gnitiduA ,8 ht ecitnerP : yesreJ weN .de - .cnI ,lanoitanretnI llaH

.)8891( .F nhoJ ,yveL dna ; .D luaP ,htriwueN ;.A semaJ ,nihsaC koobdnaH s’nihsaCrotiduA rof 2 , dn warG cM : eropagniS ,.de - .oC kooB lliH

hC ,sivaD ,.R samohT ,namkcyD .)1002( .E dnaloR ,sekuD dna ,.J selra etaidemretnI,gnitnuoccA 5 ht warG cM niwrI : kroY weN ,.de - .ASU ,lliH

.)2002( .M semaJ ,eveeR dna ; .S lraC ,nerraW ;.E pilihP ,seeF gnitnuoccA 02 , ht ,.dehtuoS : oihO ,itannicniC - ninraeL samohT fo noisivid a ,nretseW .ASU ,g

.www//:ptth asedubmub . moc

.)2002( .aisenodnI natnukA natakI nagnaueK isnatnukA radnatS .2002 lirpA 1 rep.tapmE abmelaS : atrakaJ

iraunaJ rep kilbuP natnukA lanoiseforP radnatS .)1002( .aisenodnI natnukA natakI atrakaygoY .1002 .NPKY imonokE umlI iggniT halokeS natibreneP naigaB :

.)9991( .otnayigoJ iroeT rutkurtsreT natakedneP :isamrofnI metsiS niaseD & sisilanAsinsiB isakilpA ketkarP & .tesffO idnA :atrakaygoY .

.)1002( ,onoyraH ,.lA ,pusuJ )natiduagnep( gnitiduA : atrakaygoY ,amatrep nakatec ,.NPKY imonokE umlI iggniT halokeS natibreneP naigaB

.)2002( .D luaP ,lemmiK dna ,.J yrreJ ,tdnagyeW ,.E dlanoD ,oseiK gnitnuoccAselpicnirP 6 , ht .ASU ,.cnI ,snoS dna yelliW nhoJ : adanaC ,.de

.)0002( .D yrreT ,dleifraW dna ,.J yrreJ ,tdnagyeW ,.E dlanoD ,oseiK etaidemretnIgnitnuoccA 01 , ht .ASU ,.cnI ,snoS dna yelliW nhoJ : kroY weN ,.de

fo lanruoJ lanoitanretnI .noisolpxE lortnoC lanretnI ehT .)0002( .nevetS ,rooniaM :)hcraM( 4 .loV ,gnitiduA 101 - 901

odnisserP namaniB akatsuP .TP : atrakaJ .gnisihcnarF .nitraM ,nnosledneM

citametsyS A ,secivreS ecnarussA & gnitiduA .)0002( .F mailliW ,.rJ ,reisseM2 ,hcaorppA dn warG cM : kroY weN ,.de - .ASU ,.cnI ,seinapmoC lliH


87

idayluM ( . 2991 .) isnatnukA naaskiremeP , atrakaygoY : halokeS natibreneP naigaBNPKY imonokE iggniT .

_______ .)1002( . isnatnukA metsiS .tapmE abmelaS : atrakaJ ,

_______ .)2002( . gnitiduA ek isidE ,utaS ukuB , - .tapmE abmelaS : atrakaJ ,6

.)1002(.M ,ohorguN nretnI nailadnegneP metsiS tapmE abmelaS : atrakaJ ,

.)3991( .nosnhoJ R ,neeuQ ”esihcnarF“

roF/aidepolcycne/moc.ssenisubrofecnerefer.www//:ptth - lmth.gnisihcnarF/loG .2102 ieM 03 laggnat seskaiD

.)7002( .S ,idamhcaR .”aisenodnI id abalaraW sinsiB taileG“

lanruj//:ptth -s naahasurep/90/9002/moc.topsgolb.md - abalaraw - esihcnarf -lmth.isinifed 2102 ieM 03 laggnat seskaiD .

.)8991(.ynhoJ ,nawayteS ajreniK naaskiremeP MGU EFPB : atrakaygoY ,

,uweS ( .S 4002 .) .”aisenodnI naimonokereP”

lanruj//:ptth - naahasurep/90/9002/moc.topsgolb.mds - abalaraw - esihcnarf -lmth.isinifed 2102 ieM 03 laggnat seskaiD .

du’uS , dammahoM . ( 4991 .) ”aynnagnutnueK nad esihcnarF”

lanruj//:ptth - naahasurep/90/9002/moc.topsgolb.mds - abalaraw - rf esihcna -lmth.isinifed 2102 ieM 03 laggnat seskaiD .

.0102 .oroksahB .H ,owobiW isnatnukA metsiS nagnacnareP nad sisilanAretupmoK sisabreB ianuT nalaujneP . nakisakilbupid kadit ispirkS .

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF :atrakaygoY

.)7991( .nosnikliW isamrofnI nad isnatnukA metsiS aggnalrE : atrakaJ ,

otraniW . S, 5991( .) ”orkaM imonokE“

lanruj//:ptth - naahasurep/90/9002/moc.topsgolb.mds - abalaraw - esihcnarf -lmth.isinifed 2102 ieM 03 laggnat seskaiD .


NARIPMAL


6 naripmaL

aracnawaW naaynatreP farD

.1 ?atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser harajes anamiagaB

.2 ?aseD ubmuB narotser gnabac apareb adA

.3 ?aseD ubmuB narotser pesnok anamiagaB

.4 ?aseD ubmuB narotser irad sahk iric apA

.5 aseD ubmuB narotser irad naujut apA atrakaygoY gnabac ?

.6 ?atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id ahasu gnadib ajas apA

.7 nakgnidnab id atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser naluggnuek apA

nnial narotser nagned ?ay

.8 nemejanam rutkurts anamiagaB isasinagro / aseD ubmuB narotser irad

?atrakaygoY gnabac

.9 gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id nawayrak kseD boJ anamiagaB

?atrakaygoY

.01 gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id nawayrak ajrek maj anamiagaB

?atrakaygoY

.11 nad nailebmep naigab aratna saget araces isgnuf nahasimep ada hakapA

gnadug irad naamirenep naigab gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id

atrakaygoY ?

.21 gnadug irad ukab nahab nakraulegnem arac anamiagaB ubmuB narotser id

atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ?

.31 arac anamiagaB ubmuB narotser id naaidesrep kutnu ukab nahab ilebmem

?atrakaygoY gnabac aseD

.41 irad ukab nahab naamirenep arac amaniagaB reilppus ubmuB narotser id

atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ?

.51 irad ukab nahab nakraulegnem malad nakhutubid gnay nemukod ajas apA

gnadug d atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser i ?

.61 ukab nahab ilebmem kutnu nakhutubid gnay nemukod ajas apA gnay

atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id tapadret ?


.71 irad ukab nahab amirenem kutnu nakhutubid gnay nemukod ajas apA

reilppus eD ubmuB narotser id atrakaygoY gnabac as ?

.81 aseD ubmuB narotser id hakapA atrakaygoY gnabac nakanuggnem

?katecret turu remonreb gnay nemukod

.91 nemukod isasirotognem gnanewreb gnay ajas apaiS - gnay nemukod

ukab nahab nailebmep nad ,naamirenep ,naraulegnep nagned natiakreb d i

atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser ?

.02 ukab nahab nakraulegnem sesorp irad aynisnatnuka natatacnep anamiagaB

gnadug irad atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id ?

.12 ukab nahab nailebmep sesorp irad aynisnatnuka natatacnep anamiagaB id

bmuB narotser atrakaygoY gnabac aseD u ?

.22 ukab nahab naamirenep sesorp irad aynisnatnuka natatacnep namiagaB

irad reilppus atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id ?

.32 ukab nahab kecegnem kutnu kadadnem naaskiremep ada gnires hakapA

gnadugid ada gnay bmuB narotser id atrakaygoY gnabac aseD u ?

.42 gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id natabaj naratuprep ada hakapA

atrakaygoY atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id ?

.52 ubmuB narotser nawayrak igab ajrek ituc nalibmagnep metsis anamiagaB

?atrakaygoY gnabac aseD

.62 nires hakapA nagned ukab nahab aratna kisif nakococnep nakadaid g

ada gnay natatac atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id ?

.72 rusnu kecegnem sagutreb gnay isasinagro tinu ada hakapA - rusnu

nretni nailadnegnep atrakaygoY gnabac aseD ubmuB narotser id ?

.82 rp anamiagaB aseD ubmuB narotser id nawayrak naamirenep iskeles seso

?atrakaygoY gnabac


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