perkuliahan 2 material polimer dan komposit

8/12/2019 Perkuliahan 2 Material Polimer Dan Komposit

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MM091372

POLYMER AND COMPOSITE MATERIALC redit: 3 SKS

Semester: 7

LECTURE 2DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERINGINSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER (ITS) SURABAYA

Dr. Eng. Hosta Ardhyananta, S.T., M.Sc.NIP. 19801207 2005 01 1 004


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Texture of polymers Texture of polymers is geometrical arrangement of

atoms in polymer chain The geometrical arrangement of atoms can be divided:

1. Arrangements fixed by the chemical bonding in themolecule such as cis and trans isomers, or d and l forms,called as configuration .2. Arrangements arising from rotation about single bonds

such as manifold forms polymer chain, called asconformations. In the molten state, polymer chains move freely Glass-transition temperature is where polymeric

materials undergo a marked change is propertiesassociated with the cessation of local molecular motion

Crystalline polymer is geometric regular structure


3/17

The properties of crystalline polymers are highlydesirable

Crystalline polymers are strong, tough, stiff, andresistant to solvents and chemicals Further improvements can be brought in first, by

increasing intermolecular forces through theselection of highly polar polymers and by using stiffpolymer chains, second, by fiber form by theprocess of orientation or drawing.


4/17

To understand the texture of polymers : explain theschematic illustration of polymer texture below

?

?

?


5/17

Fig. 1-2. The interrelation of the states of bulkpolymers.


6/17

HISTORY OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE

Early investigation Natural polymers have been utilized throughout the

ages

Man has been dependent on animal and vegetablematter for shelter Asphalt; amber during Greeks; gum mastic during

Romans. In the beginning, the term colloid was proposed for

polymer. Colloidal state of matter was considered to be like

the gaseous, liquid, and solid states Physical aggregates of small molecule Before the work of Raoult and van t Hoff in 1880 s,

there is no suitable methods were available forestimating molecular weights


7/17

The rise of polymer science Macromolecular hypothesis came about in 1920s,

because of the efforts of Staudinger (1920), whoreceived the Nobel Prize in 1953

He proposed long-chain formulas for polystyrene, rubberand polyoxymethylene

More careful molecular-weight measurements as did byx-ray Flory (1937) elucidated mechanism for chain-reaction

polymerization, Nobel Prize in 1974

Natta (1955) first recognized the presence ofstereospecific regularity in vinyl polymers, Nobel Prize in1963


8/17

Early industrial developments The modern plastics industry began with the

utilization of natural rubber for eraser Goodyears discovery of vulcanization in 1839 In 1851 hard rubber or ebonite was patented and

commercialized

Roda kereta kuda awalnya terbuat dari kayu, rodakereta api terbuat dari logam Cellulose nitrate or nitrocellulose, discovered in

1838, was succesfully commercialized by Hyatt in1870

The oldest of purely synthetic plastics is the family ofphenol-formaldehyde resins, Bakelite (Baekeland1909)


9/17


10/17

Texture of polymers Texture of polymers is geometrical arrangement of

atoms in polymer chain The geometrical arrangement of atoms can be

divided:1. Arrangements fixed by the chemical bonding inthe molecule such as cis and trans isomers, or d and l forms, called as configuration .2. Arrangements arising from rotation about single

bonds such as manifold forms polymer chain, calledas conformations. In the molten state, polymer chains move freely

Glass-transition temperature is where polymericmaterials undergo a marked change is propertiesassociated with the cessation of local molecularmotion

Crystalline polymer is geometric regular structure


11/17

The properties of crystalline polymers are highlydesirable

Crystalline polymers are strong, tough, stiff, andresistant to solvents and chemicals Further improvements can be brought in first, by

increasing intermolecular forces through theselection of highly polar polymers and by using stiffpolymer chains, second, by fiber form by theprocess of orientation or drawing.


12/17

To understand the texture of polymers : explain theschematic illustration of polymer texture below

?

?

?


13/17

Fig. 1-2. The interrelation of the states of bulkpolymers.


14/17

HISTORY OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE

Early investigation Natural polymers have been utilized throughout the

ages Man has been dependent on animal and vegetable

matter for shelter Asphalt; amber during Greeks; gum mastic during

Romans.

In the beginning, the term colloid was proposed forpolymer.

Colloidal state of matter was considered to be likethe gaseous, liquid, and solid states

Physical aggregates of small molecule Before the work of Raoult and van t Hoff in 1880 s,

there is no suitable methods were available forestimating molecular weights


15/17

The rise of polymer science Macromolecular hypothesis came about in 1920s,

because of the efforts of Staudinger (1920), whoreceived the Nobel Prize in 1953

He proposed long-chain formulas for polystyrene, rubberand polyoxymethylene

More careful molecular-weight measurements as did byx-ray Flory (1937) elucidated mechanism for chain-reaction

polymerization, Nobel Prize in 1974

Natta (1955) first recognized the presence ofstereospecific regularity in vinyl polymers, Nobel Prize in1963


16/17

Early industrial developments The modern plastics industry began with the

utilization of natural rubber for eraser Goodyears discovery of vulcanization in 1839 In 1851 hard rubber or ebonite was patented and

commercialized Roda kereta kuda awalnya terbuat dari kayu, roda

kereta api terbuat dari logam Cellulose nitrate or nitrocellulose, discovered in

1838, was succesfully commercialized by Hyatt in1870

The oldest of purely synthetic plastics is the family ofphenol-formaldehyde resins, Bakelite (Baekeland1909)


17/17

perkuliahan 2 material polimer dan komposit

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