peraturan menteri pertanian nomor...

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PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN NOMOR 42/Permentan/OT.140/6/2012

TENTANG

TINDAKAN KARANTINA TUMBUHAN UNTUK PEMASUKAN BUAH SEGAR DAN SAYURAN BUAH SEGAR KE DALAM WILAYAH NEGARA REPUBLIK

INDONESIA

DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA

MENTERI PERTANIAN,

Menimbang : a. bahwa dengan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 37/Kpts/HK.060/1/2006 jis Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 89/ Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 dan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 15/Permentan /OT.140/3/2012 telah ditetapkan Persyaratan Teknis dan Tindakan Karantina Tumbuhan Untuk Pemasukan Buah-buahan dan/atau Sayuran Segar Ke Dalam Wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia;

b. bahwa dengan adanya perkembangan ilmu

pengetahuan dan teknologi bidang karantina tumbuhan untuk perlakuan terhadap media pembawa organisme pengganggu tumbuhan bebas dari lalat buah, Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 37/Kpts/HK.060/1/2006 jis Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 89/ Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 dan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 15/Permentan /OT.140/3/2012 tidak sesuai lagi;

c. bahwa atas dasar hal tersebut di atas, perlu mengatur Tindakan Karantina Tumbuhan Untuk Pemasukan Buah Segar dan Sayuran Buah Segar Ke Dalam Wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia;

Mengingat : 1. Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 1992 tentang Karantina Hewan, Ikan dan Tumbuhan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1992 Nomor 56, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 3482);

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2. Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1994 tentang

Pengesahan Agreement Establishing The World Trade Organization (Persetujuan Pembentukan Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia) (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1994 Nomor 57, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 35);

3. Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1996 tentang Pangan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1996 Nomor 99, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 3817);

4. Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2010 tentang

Hortikultura (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2010 Nomor 132, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5170);

5. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 14 Tahun 2002

tentang Karantina Tumbuhan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2002 Nomor 35, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4196);

6. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2004 tentang Keamanan, Mutu dan Gizi Pangan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 107, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4424);

7. Keputusan Presiden Nomor 2 Tahun 1977 juncto Keputusan Presiden Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 tentang Pengesahan International Plant Protection Convention 1951;

8. Keputusan Presiden Nomor 58 Tahun1992 tentang Pengesahan Asian Plant Protection Convention;

9. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 47 Tahun 2009 tentang Pembentukan dan Organisasi Kementerian Negara;

10. Keputusan Presiden Nomor 84/P Tahun 2009 tentang Pembentukan Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu II;

11. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 24 Tahun 2010 tentang

Kedudukan, Tugas, dan Fungsi Kementerian Negara, serta Susunan Organisasi, Tugas dan Fungsi Eselon I;

12. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 22/ Permentan/OT.140/4/2008 tentang Organisasi, dan Tata Kerja Unit Pelaksana Teknis Karantina Pertanian;

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13. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 09/ Permentan/OT.140/2/2009 tentang Persyaratan dan Tatacara Tindakan Karantina Tumbuhan Terhadap Pemasukan Media Pembawa Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina Ke Dalam Wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia (Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2009 Nomor 35);

14. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor

61/Permentan/OT.140/10/2010 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Pertanian;

15. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 88/Permentan/PP.340/12/2011 tentang Pengawasan Keamanan Pangan Terhadap Pemasukan dan Pengeluaran Pangan Segar Asal Tumbuhan (Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2011 Nomor 842);

16. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 93/ Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina (Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2012 Nomor 6);

17. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 94/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 tentang Tempat-Tempat Pemasukan dan Pengeluaran Media Pembawa Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina (Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2012 Nomor 7);

Memperhatikan : 1. Notifikasi WTO Nomor G/SPS/N/IDN/24 tanggal 18 Mei 2005;

2. Notifikasi WTO Nomor G/SPS/N/IDN/46 tanggal 7 Mei 2012;

MEMUTUSKAN :

Menetapkan : PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN TENTANG

TINDAKAN KARANTINA TUMBUHAN UNTUK PEMASUKAN BUAH SEGAR DAN SAYURAN BUAH SEGAR KE DALAM WILAYAH NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA.

BAB I

KETENTUAN UMUM

Pasal 1

Dalam Peraturan ini yang dimaksud dengan:

1. Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar adalah hasil tanaman buah atau sayuran yang berupa buah berdaging, baik utuh atau bagiannya yang belum diproses menjadi bahan olahan, yang masih berpotensi sebagai media pembawa organisme pengganggu tumbuhan karantina.

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2. Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina, selanjutnya disebut OPTK adalah semua organisme pengganggu tumbuhan yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Pertanian untuk dicegah masuknya ke dalam dan tersebarnya di dalam wilayah negara Republik Indonesia.

3. Sertifikat Kesehatan Tumbuhan (Phytosanitary Certificate) adalah

surat keterangan yang diterbitkan oleh pejabat berwenang dari negara asal atau negara transit yang menyatakan Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar bebas dari OPTK dan memenuhi persyaratan karantina tumbuhan yang ditetapkan dan/atau menyatakan keterangan lain yang diperlukan.

4. Tempat Pemasukan adalah pelabuhan laut, pelabuhan sungai, pelabuhan penyeberangan, bandar udara, kantor pos, pos perbatasan dengan negara lain dan tempat-tempat lain yang dianggap perlu, yang ditetapkan sebagai tempat untuk memasukkan media pembawa organisme pengganggu tumbuhan karantina.

5. Petugas Karantina Tumbuhan, selanjutnya disebut Petugas Karantina

adalah Pegawai Negeri Sipil tertentu yang diberi tugas untuk melakukan tindakan karantina tumbuhan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

6. Pemilik Buah Segar dan/atau Sayuran Buah Segar atau Kuasanya,

selanjutnya disebut Pemilik atau Kuasanya adalah orang atau badan hukum yang memiliki dan/atau yang bertanggung jawab atas pemasukan Buah Segar dan/atau Sayuran Buah Segar.

Pasal 2

(1) Peraturan ini dimaksudkan sebagai dasar pemasukan Buah Segar dan Sayuran Buah Segar ke dalam wilayah negara Republik Indonesia dan pelaksanaan tindakan karantina tumbuhan.

(2) Tujuan pengaturan ini untuk mencegah masuknya OPTK jenis lalat

buah ke dalam wilayah negara Republik Indonesia dan memenuhi keamanan pangan segar asal tumbuhan.

Pasal 3

Ruang lingkup peraturan ini meliputi tindakan karantina tumbuhan dan Tempat Pemasukan.

Pasal 4

(1) Pemasukan Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar ke dalam wilayah negara Republik Indonesia dapat berasal dari area produksi di negara asal yang bebas atau tidak bebas dari infestasi lalat buah.

(2) Area produksi di negara asal bebas dari infestasi lalat buah

sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), ditetapkan oleh Kepala Badan Karantina Pertanian atas nama Menteri dalam bentuk Keputusan.

(3) Tata cara penetapan suatu area produksi di negara asal yang bebas

dari infestasi lalat buah sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2), dilakukan berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.

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Pasal 5

(1) Dalam hal pemasukan Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar ke

dalam wilayah negara Republik Indonesia sebagaimana dimaksud

dalam Pasal 4 berasal dari area produksi di negara asal yang tidak

bebas dari infestasi lalat buah wajib memenuhi persyaratan teknis.

(2) Persyaratan teknis sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) berupa

tindakan perlakuan sesuai jenis Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah

Segar.

(3) Perlakuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) untuk mencegah

infestasi lalat buah pada Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar.

Pasal 6

Jenis Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar, lalat buah, dan perlakuan

seperti tercantum pada Lampiran sebagai bagian tidak terpisahkan

dengan Peraturan ini.

Pasal 7

(1) Pemasukan Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar sebagaimana

dimaksud dalam Pasal 4 selain memenuhi persyaratan teknis,

sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 5 harus memenuhi ketentuan

persyaratan keamanan pangan segar asal tumbuhan.

(2) Persyaratan keamanan pangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1)

mengikuti ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang

keamanan pangan segar asal tumbuhan.

BAB II

TINDAKAN KARANTINA TUMBUHAN

Pasal 8

(1) Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar yang dimasukkan ke dalam

wilayah negara Republik Indonesia, wajib:

a. dilengkapi Sertifikat Kesehatan Tumbuhan dari negara asal dan

negara transit;

b. melalui Tempat Pemasukan yang ditetapkan; dan

c. dilaporkan dan diserahkan kepada Petugas Karantina di Tempat

Pemasukan untuk keperluan tindakan karantina tumbuhan.

(2) Sertifikat Kesehatan Tumbuhan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1)

huruf a wajib memuat pernyataan:

a. Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar berasal dari area produksi

yang bebas dari infestasi lalat buah; atau

b. Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar telah dilakukan tindakan

perlakuan di negara asal.

(3) Pernyataan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) huruf a, wajib bagi

pemasukan Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar berasal dari area

produksi di negara asal yang bebas dari infestasi lalat buah, dan

dinyatakan pada kolom keterangan tambahan (additional declaration).

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(4) Pernyataan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) huruf b, wajib bagi pemasukan Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar berasal dari area produksi di negara asal yang tidak bebas dari infestasi lalat buah, dan dinyatakan pada kolom perlakuan.

Pasal 9

(1) Pemilik atau Kuasanya wajib melaporkan dan menyerahkan Buah Segar dan/atau Sayuran Buah Segar kepada Petugas Karantina di tempat pemasukan.

(2) Laporan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan paling lambat saat kedatangan Buah Segar dan/atau Sayuran Buah Segar tiba di Tempat Pemasukan, dengan di lengkapi dokumen yang dipersyaratkan.

Pasal 10

(1) Petugas Karantina melakukan tindakan pemeriksaan administratif terhadap dokumen yang dipersyaratkan untuk mengetahui kelengkapan, kebenaran dan keabsahan dokumen.

(2) Dalam hal hasil pemeriksaan administratif terhadap Sertifikat Kesehatan Tumbuhan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar berasal dari area produksi:

a. bebas, terbukti tidak mencantumkan pernyataan berasal dari area produksi di negara asal yang bebas dari infestasi lalat buah; atau

b. tidak bebas, terbukti tidak mencantumkan telah dilakukan tindakan perlakuan;

dilakukan penolakan

Pasal 11

Dalam hal hasil pemeriksaan administratif sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 10 terbukti:

a. tidak lengkap dilakukan penahanan; b. lengkap, sah dan benar, dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan.

Pasal 12

(1) Pemeriksaan kesehatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 11 huruf b dilakukan untuk mendeteksi kemungkinan adanya OPTK dan mengetahui kondisi fisik Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar.

(2) Dalam hal hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan sebagaimana dimaksud pada

ayat (1), terbukti:

a. tidak bebas OPTK golongan I, busuk atau rusak, dilakukan tindakan pemusnahan;

b. tidak bebas OPTK golongan II, diberi perlakuan; atau c. bebas OPTK, dilakukan pembebasan.

(3) Pembebasan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) huruf c, dapat dilakukan apabila Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar memenuhi ketentuan peraturan perundangan di bidang keamanan pangan segar asal tumbuhan.

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Pasal 13

Tindakan pemeriksaan administratif, pemeriksaan kesehatan, penahanan, penolakan, perlakuan, pemusnahan dan pembebasan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 10, Pasal 11 dan Pasal 12 dilakukan sesuai ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.

BAB III TEMPAT PEMASUKAN

Pasal 14

(1) Tempat Pemasukan Buah Segar dan Sayuran Buah Segar sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 8 ayat (1) huruf b, terdiri atas :

a. Pelabuhan Laut Tanjung Perak, Surabaya; b. Pelabuhan Laut Belawan, Medan; c. Bandar Udara Soekarno-Hatta, Jakarta;dan d. Pelabuhan Laut Soekarno-Hatta, Makassar.

(2) Selain Tempat Pemasukan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1),

Tempat Pemasukan yang ditetapkan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas dan Pelabuhan Bebas dapat dipergunakan sebagai Tempat Pemasukan

untuk Buah Segar dan Sayuran Buah Segar.

(3) Pemasukan Buah Segar dan Sayuran Buah Segar melalui Tempat Pemasukan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dapat di lakukan hanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi dan dilarang diedarkan di luar Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas dan Pelabuhan Bebas.

(4) Ketentuan Tempat Pemasukan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak berlaku terhadap pemasukan Buah Segar atau Sayuran Buah Segar yang berasal dari area produksi bebas infestasi lalat buah di negara asal yang telah ditetapkan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 4, atau negara yang telah diakui sistem keamanan pangannya.

BAB IV

KETENTUAN PERALIHAN

Pasal 15

Area produksi di negara asal bebas dari infestasi lalat buah yang telah ditetapkan sebelum Peraturan ini dinyatakan masih tetap berlaku sepanjang tidak bertentangan dengan Peraturan ini.

BAB V

KETENTUAN PENUTUP

Pasal 16

Dengan diberlakukannya Peraturan ini, Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 37/Kpts/HK.060/1/2006 jis Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 89/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 dan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 15/Permentan/OT.140/3/2012 dicabut dan dinyatakan tidak berlaku lagi.

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Pasal 17

Peraturan ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal 19 Juni 2012. Agar setiap orang mengetahuinya, Peraturan Menteri Pertanian ini diundangkan dengan penempatannya dalam Berita Negara Republik Indonesia. Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 13 Juni 2012 MENTERI PERTANIAN, SUSWONO Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 15 Juni 2012 MENTERI HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA REPUBLIK INDONESIA, AMIR SYAMSUDIN BERITA NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 2012 NOMOR 631

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LAMPIRAN PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN NOMOR : 42/Permentan/OT.140/6/2012 TANGGAL : 13 Juni 2012

JENIS BUAH SEGAR DAN SAYURAN BUAH SEGAR, LALAT BUAH

DAERAH SEBAR DAN TINDAKAN PERLAKUAN

NO.

BUAH SEGAR DAN SAYURAN BUAH SEGAR

LALAT BUAH

DAERAH SEBAR

PERLAKUAN

1

Alpokat (Avocado), Persea americana

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied).; (=Acrotoxa fraterculus =Anastrepha braziliensis =Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus fraterculus =Tephritis mellea =Trypeta fraterculus =Trypeta unicolor =Anastrepha peruviana =A.soluta); Diptera: Tephritidae;

South American fruitfly, West Indian fruitfly Anastrepha ludens (Loew); (=Acrotoxa ludens =Trypeta ludens);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruitfly

Anastrepha serpentina Wied.; (=Dacus serpentinus =Leptoxys serpentina =Acrotoxa serpentinus =Trypeta serpentina =Urophora vittithorax); Diptera: Tephritidae;

sapodilla fruitfly, sapote fruitfly, dark fruitfly, black fruitfly,

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, USA. America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela

1. Pendinginan (Cold

Treatment) : 2 – 3o C/16 – 20 hari; atau

2. Fumigasi (CH3Br) : 4 lb/1000 ft3/21oC/4 jam; atau

3. Vapour Heat Treatment (VHT) : 44oC/360 menit; atau

4. Iradiasi : 150 gray

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orange fruitfly Anastrepha suspensa Loew.; (=Anastrepha unipuncta =Trypeta suspensa); Diptera: Tephritidae;

Carribean fruitfly Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon.); (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus jarvisi =D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly Bactrocera passiflorae (Frog); (=Bactrocera passiflorae =Chaetodacus passiflorae =Dacus passiflorae =Strumeta passiflorae);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Fijian fruitfly Bactrocera kandiensis Drew &Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri

Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera kinabalu Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Kinabalu fruitfly

Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Queensland fruitfly

America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia Oceania: Fiji, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, Wallis-Futuna Asia: Sri Lanka Asia: Malaysia Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia.

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Ceratitis capitata Wied; (=Ceratitis citriperda =Ceratitis hispanica =Tephritis capitata);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Mediterranean fruitfly, medfly Ceratitis cosyra (Wlk.); (=Ceratitis giffardi =Pardalaspis cosyra =P.giffardi =P.giffardi var. sarcocephali =P.parinarii =P.sarcocephali =Trypeta cosyra);

Diptera: Tephritidae; mango

Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia. Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Africa Tengah, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Kenya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra

4

fruitfly, marula fruitfly Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Natal fruitfly.

Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

2

Anggur (Grape), Vitis vinifera


South American fruitfly, West Indian fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera: Tephritidae; Queensland fruitfly Ceratitis capitata Wied; (=Ceratitis citriperda =Ceratitis hispanica =Tephritis capitata);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Mediterranean fruitfly, medfly

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen





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Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Natal fruitfly

Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia. Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

3

Apel (Apple), Pyrus malus, Malus domesticum

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied).; (=Acrotoxa fraterculus =Anastrepha braziliensis =Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus fraterculus =Tephritis mellea =Trypeta fraterculus =Trypeta

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay,



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unicolor =Anastrepha peruviana =A.soluta); Diptera: Tephritidae;


Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruitfly Anastrepha serpentina Wied.; (=Dacus serpentinus =Leptoxys serpentina =Acrotoxa serpentinus =Trypeta serpentina =Urophora vittithorax); Diptera: Tephritidae;

sapodilla fruitfly, sapote fruitfly, dark fruitfly, black fruitfly, orange fruitfly

Anastrepha suspensa Loew.; (=Anastrepha unipuncta =Trypeta suspensa); Diptera: Tephritidae;


Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly

Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni

Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia.




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=Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Queensland fruitfly Ceratitis capitata Wied; (=Ceratitis citriperda =Ceratitis hispanica =Tephritis capitata);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Mediterranean fruitfly, medfly Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera: Tephritidae; Natal fruitfly

Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia. Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland,

8

Rhagoletis cerasi L; (=Musca cerasi =Rhagoletis cerasi fasciata =R.cerasi nigripes =R.cerasi obsoleta =R.obsoleta =Spilographa cerasi =Tephritis cerasi =Trypeta signata =Urophora cerasorum =Urophora liturata); Diptera: Tephritidae;

European ceri fly, ceri fruitfly

Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew.); (=Trypeta cingulata); Diptera:

Tephritidae; ceri fruitfly

Rhagoletis fausta Osten Sacken; (=Acidia fausta =Rhagoletis intrudens =Trypeta (Acidia) fausta =T.fausta); Diptera: Tephritidae;

black (dark) ceri fruitfly Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh.; (=Rhagoletis symphoricarpi =Spilographa pomonella =Trypeta pomonella =Zonosema pomonella);

Diptera: Tephritidae; apple maggot fly, railroad worm. Rioxa pornia (Welder.); Diptera: Tephritides; Icelandian fruitfly

Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norwegia, Polandia, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain, Swedia, Swiss, Ukraina, Yugoslavia. America : Canada, Mexico, USA. America : Canada, USA America : Canada, Mexico, USA Oceania: Australia, , France Polynesia, New Caledonia, Fiji,

9

Samoa America.

4

Aprikot (Apricot), Prunus armeniaca, P. americana

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied).; (=Acrotoxa fraterculus =Anastrepha braziliensis =Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus fraterculus =Tephritis mellea =Trypeta fraterculus =Trypeta unicolor =Anastrepha peruviana =A.soluta); Diptera: Tephritidae; South American fruitfly, West Indian fruitfly Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon.); (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus jarvisi =D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi); Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:



America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin,

1. Pendinginan (Cold Treatment) : 2 – 3o C/16 – 20 hari; atau


3. Vapour Heat Treatment (VHT) : 44oC/360 menit;


10

Ceratitis quinaria (Bezzi); (=Pardalaspis quinaria); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Rhodesian fruitfly Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera: Tephritidae; Natal fruitfly Rhagoletis cerasi L; (=Musca cerasi =Rhagoletis cerasi fasciata =R.cerasi nigripes =R.cerasi obsoleta

Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia. Asia: Yemen Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia: Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

11

=R.obsoleta =Spilographa cerasi =Tephritis cerasi =Trypeta signata =Urophora cerasorum =Urophora liturata); Diptera: Tephritidae;



Tephritidae; ceri fruitfly Rhagoletis fausta Osten Sacken; (=Acidia fausta =Rhagoletis intrudens =Trypeta (Acidia) fausta =T.fausta); Diptera: Tephritidae;

black (dark) ceri fruitfly

Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh.; (=Rhagoletis symphoricarpi =Spilographa pomonella =Trypeta pomonella =Zonosema pomonella);

Diptera: Tephritidae; apple maggot fly, railroad worm.

Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norwegia, Polandia, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain, Swedia, Swiss, Ukraina, Yugoslavia. America : Canada, Mexico, USA. America : Canada, USA America : Canada, Mexico, USA

5

Arbei (Strawberry), Fragaria vesca


South American fruitfly, West Indian fruitfly

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela.




3. Vapour Heat Treatment (VHT) :

12

43oC/360 menit; atau


6

Belimbing (Carambola, Star fruit), Averrhoa carambola



Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly Anastrepha suspensa Loew.; (=Anastrepha unipuncta =Trypeta suspensa); Diptera: Tephritidae;


America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Virgin Island, Venezuela. America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia




3. Vapour Heat Treatment (VHT): 44oC/360 menit;


13

Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly Bactrocera kandiensis Drew &Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri

Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera philipinensis Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Phillipines fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Queensland fruitfly Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera:


Asia: Sri Lanka Asia: The Phillippines Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

7 Cabai (Red pepper, Bell pepper, Chilies), Capsicum annuum



Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia.



14


Diptera: Tephritidae; Mediterranean fruitfly, medfly Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera:


Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia. Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia,


15

Zimbabwe.

8

Ceri (Cherry), Prunus cerasus, P. avium




Carribean fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera: Tephritidae; Queensland fruitfly Rhagoletis cerasi L; (=Musca cerasi =Rhagoletis cerasi fasciata =R.cerasi nigripes =R.cerasi obsoleta =R.obsoleta =Spilographa cerasi =Tephritis cerasi =Trypeta signata =Urophora cerasorum =Urophora liturata); Diptera: Tephritidae;


America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Asia: Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norwegia, Polandia, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain, Swedia, Swiss, Ukraina, Yugoslavia.


Treatment) : 2 – 3o C/14 -16 hari; atau



16



black (dark) ceri fruitfly

Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh.; (=Rhagoletis symphoricarpi =Spilographa pomonella =Trypeta pomonella =Zonosema pomonella);

Diptera: Tephritidae; apple maggot fly, railroad worm.

America : Canada, Mexico, USA. America : Canada, USA America : Canada, Mexico, USA

9 Delima (Pomegranate), Punica granatum



Anastrepha ludens (Loew); (=Acrotoxa ludens =Trypeta ludens);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruitfly Anastrepha suspensa Loew.;

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, US America : Virgin Island, Cuba,





17

(=Anastrepha unipuncta =Trypeta suspensa); Diptera: Tephritidae;



Lankan fruitfly Ceratitis capitata Wied; (=Ceratitis citriperda =Ceratitis hispanica =Tephritis capitata);


Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia Asia: Sri Lanka Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,

18

Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia.

10

Fig (Fig), Ficus carica




Carribean fruitfly Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera:


America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe





11

Jambu air (Star apple),

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied).; (=Acrotoxa fraterculus =Anastrepha

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador,


Treatment) :

19

Eugenia (= Syzigium) aquea

braziliensis =Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus fraterculus =Tephritis mellea =Trypeta fraterculus =Trypeta unicolor =Anastrepha peruviana =A.soluta); Diptera: Tephritidae;

South American fruitfly, West Indian fruitfly Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly


Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruitfly Anastrepha suspensa Loew.; (=Anastrepha unipuncta =Trypeta suspensa); Diptera: Tephritidae;


Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly,

Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominica, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Kep Virgin, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, US America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia

2 – 3o C/14 -16 hari; atau




20

Jarvis’s fruitfly Bactrocera kandiensis Drew &Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera psidii (Frog); (=Dacus psidii =D.ornatissimus =D.virgatus =Strumeta psidii =Tephritis psidii);

Diptera: Tephritidae; southsea guava fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:



Asia: Sri Lanka Oceania: New Caledonia

Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint

21

Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia.

12

Jambu biji (Guava), Psidium guajava




Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruitfly Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis obliqua =A.acudisa =A.

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominica, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat,




3. Vapour Heat Tretment (VHT): 44oC/360 menit;


22

trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly


sapodilla fruitfly, sapote fruitfly, dark fruitfly, black fruitfly, orange fruitfly Anastrepha suspensa Loew.; (=Anastrepha unipuncta =Trypeta suspensa); Diptera: Tephritidae;


Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly Bactrocera caryeae (Kapoor); Diptera: Tephritidae; Indian fruitfly Bactrocera passiflorae (Frog); (=Bactrocera passiflorae =Chaetodacus passiflorae =Dacus passiflorae =Strumeta passiflorae);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Fijian fruitfly

Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Kep Virgin, Venezuela America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia Asia: India, Sri Lanka. Oceania: Fiji, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, Wallis-Futuna.

23

Bactrocera kandiensis Drew &Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera philipinensis Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Phillipines fruitfly Bactrocera psidii (Frog); (=Dacus psidii =D.ornatissimus =D.virgatus =Strumeta psidii =Tephritis psidii);

Diptera: Tephritidae; southsea guava fruitfly Bactrocera pyrifolia Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; pyrifolia fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:



Asia: Sri Lanka Asia:The Philippines Oceania: New Caledonia

Asia: Thailand Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen

24

Ceratitis cosyra (Wlk.); (=Ceratitis giffardi =Pardalaspis cosyra =P.giffardi =P.giffardi var. sarcocephali =P.parinarii =P.sarcocephali =Trypeta cosyra); Diptera: Tephritidae; mango fruitfly, marula fruitfly

Ceratitis punctata (Wied.); (=Pardalaspis punctata =P.senegalensis =Tephritis senegalensis); Diptera: Tephritidae;

cacao fruitfly

Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Africa Tengah, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Kenya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe Africa: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ghana, Kenya, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa,Tanzania,Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

25

Ceratitis quinaria (Bezzi); (=Pardalaspis quinaria); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Rhodesian fruitfly Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera:


Asia: Yemen Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

13

Jenis Jambu-jambuan lainnya, Eugenia spp., Syzigium spp.

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied).; (=Acrotoxa fraterculus =Anastrepha braziliensis =Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus fraterculus =Tephritis mellea =Trypeta fraterculus =Trypeta unicolor =Anastrepha peruviana =A.soluta); Diptera: Tephritidae; South American fruitfly, West Indian fruitfly


Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruitfly Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica,



2. Fumigasi (CH3Br murni) : 4 lb/1000 ft3/21oC/4 jam; atau



26

obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly


Carribean fruitfly Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon.); (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus jarvisi =D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi); Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly Bactrocera kandiensis Drew &Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri

Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera philipinensis Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Phillipines fruitfly Bactrocera psidii (Frog); (=Dacus psidii =D.ornatissimus =D.virgatus =Strumeta psidii =Tephritis psidii);

Diptera: Tephritidae; southsea guava fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus

Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia Asia: Sri Lanka Asia: The Philippines Oceania: New Caledonia


27

sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:



Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya,

28


Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

14 Jeruk (Orange), Citrus spp.




Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruitfly Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly Anastrepha serpentina Wied.; (=Dacus serpentinus =Leptoxys

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominica, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica,

1. Pendinginan (Cold Treatment) : 2 – 3o C/16 - 18 hari; atau



29

serpentina =Acrotoxa serpentinus =Trypeta serpentina =Urophora vittithorax); Diptera: Tephritidae;




Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly Bactrocera caryeae (Kapoor); Diptera: Tephritidae; Indian fruitfly Bactrocera curvipennis (Frog); (=Bactrocera curvipennis =Chaetodacus curvipennis =Dacus curvipennis =Strumeta curvipennis);

Diptera: Tephritidae; banana fruitfly Bactrocera passiflorae (Frog); (=Bactrocera passiflorae =Chaetodacus passiflorae =Dacus passiflorae =Strumeta passiflorae);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Fijian fruitfly Bactrocera kandiensis Drew

Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia Asia: India, Sri Lanka. Oceania: New Caledonia, Vanuatu Oceania: Fiji, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, Wallis-Futuna. Asia: Sri Lanka

30

&Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri

Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera philipinensis Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Phillipines fruitfly Bactrocera psidii (Frog); (=Dacus psidii =D.ornatissimus =D.virgatus =Strumeta psidii =Tephritis psidii);

Diptera: Tephritidae; southsea guava fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:


Bactrocera tsuneonis (Miyake); (=Dacus cheni =D.tsuneonis =Tetradacus tsuneonis); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Japanese orange fly, citrus fruitfly Ceratitis capitata Wied; (=Ceratitis citriperda =Ceratitis hispanica =Tephritis capitata);


Asia: The Philippines Oceania: New Caledonia

Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Asia: Cina, Japan, Vietnam Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi,

31

Ceratitis cosyra (Wlk.); (=Ceratitis giffardi =Pardalaspis cosyra =P.giffardi =P.giffardi var. sarcocephali =P.parinarii =P.sarcocephali =Trypeta cosyra);

Diptera: Tephritidae; mango fruitfly, marula fruitfly Ceratitis quinaria (Bezzi); (=Pardalaspis quinaria); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Rhodesian fruitfly

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Africa Tengah, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Kenya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

32


Tephritidae; Natal fruitfly Rioxa pornia (Welder.); Diptera: Tephritides; Icelandian fruitfly

Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Oceania: Australia, , France Polynesia, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa America

15 Kedondong (Ottaheite or Golden Apple), Spondias spp.




Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruitfly Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua);

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,



3. Vapour Heat Treatment (VHT): 44oC/360 menit; atau


33

Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly

Anastrepha serpentina Wied.; (=Dacus serpentinus =Leptoxys serpentina =Acrotoxa serpentinus =Trypeta serpentina =Urophora vittithorax); Diptera: Tephritidae; sapodilla fruitfly, sapote fruitfly, dark fruitfly, black fruitfly, orange fruitfly


Carribean fruitfly Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon.); (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus jarvisi =D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi); Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly Bactrocera kandiensis Drew &Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri

Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera philipinensis Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Phillipines fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus

Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia Asia: Sri Lanka Asia: The Philippines Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia.

34

sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:



Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia

16 Kesemek (Persimmon),

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied).; (=Acrotoxa fraterculus =Anastrepha

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador,

1. Pendinginan (Cold treatement) :

35

Diospyros kaki braziliensis =Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus fraterculus =Tephritis mellea =Trypeta fraterculus =Trypeta unicolor =Anastrepha peruviana =A.soluta); Diptera: Tephritidae;





Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:


Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia.

2 – 3o C/16 – 20 hari; atau

2. Fumigasi (CH3Br Murni) : 4 lb/1000 ft3/21oC/2 jam; atau


17 Kiwi (Kiwi), Actinidia deliciosa

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied).; (=Acrotoxa fraterculus =Anastrepha braziliensis =Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus fraterculus =Tephritis mellea

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,


36

=Trypeta fraterculus =Trypeta unicolor =Anastrepha peruviana =A.soluta); Diptera: Tephritidae;


Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela



18 Kopi buah segar (fresh coffee berry), Coffea spp.




Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruitfly Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominica, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Kep Virgin, Venezuela

1. Pendinginan (Cold Treatement) : 2 – 3o C/16 – 20 hari; atau




37




Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela.

38



Oceania: Australia Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

19 Kwinsi (Quince), Cydonia oblonga






sapodilla fruitfly, sapote fruitfly, dark fruitfly, black fruitfly, orange fruitfly Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon.); (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus jarvisi

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela Oceania: Australia





39

=D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi);




Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,

40



Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

20 Kurma buah segar (Fresh dates), Phoenix dactylifera


Carribean fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:



America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin,




41

Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia

21 Kumkwat (Kumquat), Fortunella japonica


South American fruitfly, West Indian fruitfly Anastrepha suspensa Loew.; (=Anastrepha unipuncta =Trypeta suspensa); Diptera: Tephritidae;

Carribean fruitfly Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon.);

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia




42

(=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus jarvisi =D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi);




Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles

43

Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia

22 Labu parang (Pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata

Bactrocera ciliatus Loew.; (=Dacus caryae); Diptera:

Tephritidae; lesser melon fly Bactrocera depressa (Shiraki); (=Bactrocera (Paradacus) depressa =B.depressus =Dacus depressus =Paradacus depressus =Zeugodacus depressus); Diptera: Tephritidae;

fruitfly

Asia: Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Yaman, Iran Africa: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Chad, Dahomey, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Northwest Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Madagaskar, Mauritius, Reunion Asia: Cina (Taiwan), Japan, Korea




23 Leci (Litchi), Nephelium litchi, Litchi sinensis



Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia,




4. Iradiasi :

44

Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia

150 gray

24 Lokwat (Loquat), Eriobotrya japonica



Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominica, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-





45


sapodilla fruitfly, sapote fruitfly, dark fruitfly, black fruitfly, orange fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:



Tobago, Venezuela America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique,

46



Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

25 Mangga, (Mango), Mangifera indica



Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA.





47

fruitfly Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly Anastrepha serpentina Wied.; (=Dacus serpentinus =Leptoxys serpentina =Acrotoxa serpentinus =Trypeta serpentina =Urophora vittithorax); Diptera: Tephritidae;


Anastrepha suspensa Loew.; (=Anastrepha unipuncta =Trypeta suspensa); Diptera: Tephritidae; Carribean fruitfly Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon.); (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus jarvisi =D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly Bactrocera kandiensis Drew

America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominica, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia Asia: Sri Lanka

48

&Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri

Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera philipinensis Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Phillipines fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:



Asia: The Philippines Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,

49

Bactrocera caryeae (Kapoor); Diptera: Tephritidae; Indian fruitfly Bactrocera curvipennis (Frog); (=Bactrocera curvipennis =Chaetodacus curvipennis =Dacus curvipennis =Strumeta curvipennis);

Diptera: Tephritidae; banana fruitfly Bactrocera kandiensis Drew &Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri

Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera psidii (Frog); (=Dacus psidii =D.ornatissimus =D.virgatus =Strumeta psidii =Tephritis psidii);

Diptera: Tephritidae; southsea guava fruitfly Ceratitis cosyra (Wlk.); (=Ceratitis giffardi =Pardalaspis cosyra =P.giffardi =P.giffardi var. sarcocephali =P.parinarii

Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Asia: India, Sri Lanka. Oceania: New Caledonia, Vanuatu Asia: Sri Lanka Oceania: New Caledonia

Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Africa Tengah, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Kenya,

50

=P.sarcocephali =Trypeta cosyra);

Diptera: Tephritidae; mango fruitfly, marula fruitfly Ceratitis punctata (Wied.); (=Pardalaspis punctata =P.senegalensis =Tephritis senegalensis); Diptera: Tephritidae;

cacao fruitfly Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera:


Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Africa: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ghana, Kenya, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa,Tanzania,Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

26 Manggis (Mangosteen), Garcinia mangostana

Anastrepha suspensa Loew.; (=Anastrepha unipuncta =Trypeta suspensa); Diptera: Tephritidae; Carribean fruitfly Ceratitis capitata Wied; (=Ceratitis citriperda =Ceratitis hispanica =Tephritis capitata); Diptera: Tephritidae; Mediterranean fruitfly, medfly

America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA.

Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia,



51



Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

27 Markisa (Granadilla or Passion fruit), Passiflora quadrangularis, Passiflora spp.


Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruitfly Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var.

America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominica, Equador,



3. Iradiasi :

52

mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon.); (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus jarvisi =D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi);




Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela Oceania: Australia Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia,

150 gray

53

Rioxa pornia (Welder.); Diptera: Tephritides; Icelandian fruitfly

Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Oceania: Australia, , France Polynesia, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa America.

28 Murbei (Mulberry), Morrus spp.




Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi,




54

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia

29 Nangka (Jackfruit), Artocarpus integra, Artocarpus spp.

Bactrocera kandiensis Drew &Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri

Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera philipinensis Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Phillipines fruitfly

Asia: Sri Lanka Asia: The Philippines




30 Nona (Bullock’s heart), Annona reticulate

Sirsak

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied).; (=Acrotoxa fraterculus =Anastrepha braziliensis =Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus fraterculus =Tephritis mellea =Trypeta fraterculus =Trypeta

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay,


2. Fumigasi (CH3Br

55

(Soursop), Annona muricata

Sarikaya (Sweetsop), Annona squamosa

unicolor =Anastrepha peruviana =A.soluta); Diptera: Tephritidae;





Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera psidii (Frog); (=Dacus psidii =D.ornatissimus =D.virgatus =Strumeta psidii =Tephritis psidii);

Diptera: Tephritidae; southsea guava fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni

Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia Asia: Sri Lanka Oceania: New Caledonia


Murni) : 4 lb/1000 ft3/21oC/2 jam; atau


56

=Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:


Diptera: Tephritidae; Mediterranean fruitfly, medfly Ceratitis cosyra (Wlk.); (=Ceratitis giffardi =Pardalaspis cosyra =P.giffardi =P.giffardi var. sarcocephali =P.parinarii

Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia. Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Africa Tengah, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Kenya,

57

=P.sarcocephali =Trypeta cosyra);

Diptera: Tephritidae; mango fruitfly, marula fruitfly Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera:


Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

31 Pepaya (Pawpaw or Fructa bomba), Carica papaya



Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon.); (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus jarvisi =D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi);


Bactrocera kandiensis Drew &Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri

Lankan fruitfly Bactrocera passiflorae (Frog); (=Bactrocera passiflorae =Chaetodacus passiflorae =Dacus passiflorae =Strumeta passiflorae);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Fijian fruitfly Bactrocera philipinensis Drew &

America : Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. Oceania: Australia Asia: Sri Lanka Oceania: Fiji, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, Wallis-Futuna Asia: The Philippines





58

Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Phillipines fruitfly


Tephritidae; Queensland fruitfly Ceratitis capitata Wied; (=Ceratitis citriperda =Ceratitis hispanica =Tephritis capitata); Diptera: Tephritidae; Mediterranean fruitfly, medfly

Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles

59

Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerst.; (=Mikimyia furcifera =Toxotrypana fairbatesi); Diptera: Tephritidae

papaya fruitfly

Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia America : Bahamas, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Virgin Island, Venezuela.

31 Persik (Peach), Prunus persica


South American fruitfly, West Indian fruitfly Anastrepha serpentina Wied.; (=Dacus serpentinus =Leptoxys serpentina =Acrotoxa serpentinus =Trypeta serpentina =Urophora vittithorax); Diptera: Tephritidae;

sapodilla fruitfly, sapote fruitfly, dark fruitfly, black fruitfly, orange fruitfly Bactrocera psidii (Frog); (=Dacus psidii =D.ornatissimus =D.virgatus =Strumeta psidii =Tephritis psidii);

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela Oceania: New Caledonia





60

Diptera: Tephritidae; southsea guava fruitfly

Bactrocera pyrifolia Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; pyrifolia fruitfly




Asia: Thailand Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El

61

Ceratitis cosyra (Wlk.); (=Ceratitis giffardi =Pardalaspis cosyra =P.giffardi =P.giffardi var. sarcocephali =P.parinarii =P.sarcocephali =Trypeta cosyra);

Diptera: Tephritidae; mango fruitfly, marula fruitfly Ceratitis quinaria (Bezzi); (=Pardalaspis quinaria); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Rhodesian fruitfly Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Natal fruitfly Rhagoletis cerasi L; (=Musca cerasi =Rhagoletis cerasi fasciata =R.cerasi nigripes =R.cerasi obsoleta =R.obsoleta =Spilographa cerasi =Tephritis cerasi =Trypeta signata =Urophora cerasorum =Urophora liturata); Diptera: Tephritidae;


Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Africa Tengah, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Kenya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Yemen Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norwegia,

62




Diptera: Tephritidae; apple maggot fly, railroad worm Rioxa pornia (Welder.); Diptera: Tephritides; Icelandian fruitfly

Polandia, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain, Swedia, Swiss, Ukraina, Yugoslavia America : Canada, Mexico, USA America : Canada, USA America : Canada, Mexico, USA Oceania: Australia, , France Polynesia, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa America.

32 Pir (Pear), Pyrus communis



Anastrepha ludens (Loew);

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Belize, Costa Rica, El




63

(=Acrotoxa ludens =Trypeta ludens);

Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruitfly Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly






Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nikaragua, USA. America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominica, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Kep Virgin, Venezuela America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia

64




Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay,

65


Tephritidae; Natal fruitfly Rhagoletis cerasi L; (=Musca cerasi =Rhagoletis cerasi fasciata =R.cerasi nigripes =R.cerasi obsoleta =R.obsoleta =Spilographa cerasi =Tephritis cerasi =Trypeta signata =Urophora cerasorum =Urophora liturata); Diptera: Tephritidae;

European ceri fly, ceri fruitfly Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew.); (=Trypeta cingulata); Diptera:


black (dark) ceri fruitfly Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh.; (=Rhagoletis symphoricarpi

Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norwegia, Polandia, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain, Swedia, Swiss, Ukraina, Yugoslavia America : Canada, Mexico, USA America : Canada, USA America : Canada, Mexico, USA

66

=Spilographa pomonella =Trypeta pomonella =Zonosema pomonella);


Oceania: Australia, , France Polynesia, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa America.

33 Pisang (Banana, Plantain), Musa spp.

Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon.); (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus jarvisi =D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi);


Tephritidae; Queensland fruitfly Bactrocera tsuneonis (Miyake); (=Dacus cheni =D.tsuneonis =Tetradacus tsuneonis); Diptera:

Tephritidae; Japanese orange fly, citrus fruitfly Ceratitis capitata Wied; (=Ceratitis citriperda =Ceratitis hispanica =Tephritis capitata);


Oceania: Australia Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Asia: Cina, Japan, Vietnam Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin,





67

Rioxa pornia (Welder.); Diptera: Tephritides; Icelandian fruitfly

Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Oceania: Australia, , France Polynesia, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa America

34 Plum (Plum), Prunus domesticum



Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russian Federation,



3. VHT : 44oC/360 menit;

4. Iradiasi :

68



Rhagoletis cerasi L; (=Musca cerasi =Rhagoletis cerasi fasciata =R.cerasi nigripes =R.cerasi obsoleta

Slovenia, Spain, Swiss, Yugoslavia. Asia: Israel, Yordania, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kongo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Marocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

150 gray

69

=R.obsoleta =Spilographa cerasi =Tephritis cerasi =Trypeta signata =Urophora cerasorum =Urophora liturata); Diptera: Tephritidae;

European ceri fly, ceri fruitfly Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew.); (=Trypeta cingulata); Diptera:




Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norwegia, Polandia, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain, Swedia, Swiss, Ukraina, Yugoslavia America : Canada, Mexico, USA America : Canada, USA America : Canada, Mexico, USA Oceania: Australia, , France Polynesia, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa America.

70

35

Rambutan (Rambutan), Nephelium lappaceum






3. Vapour Heat Treatment (VHP) : 44oC/360 menit;


36 Sawo (Sapodilla), Achras zapota, Manilkara kauki

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied).; (=Acrotoxa fraterculus =Anastrepha braziliensis =Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus fraterculus =Tephritis mellea =Trypeta fraterculus =Trypeta unicolor =Anastrepha peruviana =A.soluta); Diptera: Tephritidae; South American fruitfly, West Indian fruitfly Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruitfly, Antillean fruitfly

America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin Island, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominica, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nikaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela



3. VHT : 46oC/10 menit;


71





Tephritidae; Queensland fruitfly Bactrocera philipinensis Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Phillipines fruitfly Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa); Diptera:


America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Equador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, USA,Venezuela America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. Asia: The Philippines Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

72

37 Terung (Aubergine, Eggplant), Solanum melongena






3. Vapour heat treatment (VHT) : 44oC/360 menit;


38 Tomat (Tomato), Lycopersicum esculentum




America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia.





39 Zaitun (Olive), Olea europea subsp. europea




2. Fumigasi (CH3Br Murni) :

73


4 lb/1000 ft3/21oC/2 jam; atau

3. Vapout Heat Treatment (VHT) : 44oC/360 menit;


40 Mentimun dan kelompok Cucurbita lainnya Cucurbitaceae

Bactrocera ciliatus Loew.; (=Dacus caryae); Diptera:

Tephritidae; lesser melon fly Bactrocera depressa (Shiraki); (=Bactrocera (Paradacus) depressa =B.depressus =Dacus depressus =Paradacus depressus =Zeugodacus depressus); Diptera: Tephritidae;

fruitfly Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera:


Asia: Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Yaman, Iran Africa: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Chad, Dahomey, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Africa Barat Daya, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Madagaskar, Mauritius, Reunion. Asia: Cina (Taiwan), Japan, Korea Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia.





74

41 Paria (Bitter gourd, Balsam apple), Momordica charantia


Carribean fruitfly



America : Virgin Island, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia.





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