PERAN SAMJHAUTA DALAM MEMPERJUANGKAN HAK

PENDIDIKAN PEREMPUAN DI NEPAL

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1

Disusun oleh :

Fitri Sholihin

201410360311134

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

ii

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v

viii

KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillah segala puji dan syukur saya panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang atas

kuasanya saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi saya yang pertama. Skripsi ini merupakan

sebuah tugas akhir yang harus ditempuh sebagai syarat mendapatkan gelar sarjana

Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Sebuah pertanggung jawaban selama empat tahun

berkuliah di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Saya menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa

saya hanyalah makhluk sosial yang tidak dapat menjalani hidup sendiri. Sebagai rasa

syukur atas terselesaikannya skripsi ini maka penulis ingin mengucapkan rasa terima

kasih sebesar-besarnya kepada:

1. Kepada keluarga, Ibu tercinta (Norma D. Akantu, S.Pd) yang penuh

perjuangan sudah merawat mendidik dan membiayai kuliah tanpa pernah

mengeluh hingga saat ini. Kemudian, kepada kakak (Tommy Sholihin) yang

telah mendukung penuh selama proses pengerjaan skripsi ini dan membuat

saya semakin terpacu untuk menyelesaikan karya ilmiah ini.

2. Dosen Pembimbing Bapak Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, M.Hub.Int dan Bapak

Hafid Adim Pradana, MA yang dengan sabar mengarahkan serta membimbing

saya untuk dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Tidak lupa juga saya ucapkan

terima kasih banyak kepada Bapak Dion Maulana Prasetya, M.Hub Int dan

Ibu Diana Fatmawati, M.Hub.Int selaku penguji saya. Terima kasih banyak

atas kritik dan sarannya.

3. Seluruh dosen Hubungan Internasional yang telah memberikan inspirasi dan

nasehat-nasehat yang berguna, mulai dari terdaftar sebagai mahasiswa di

kampus ini hingga dinyatakan lulus.

4. Terima kasih kepada sahabat-sahabat Dwi Pasca Cahyawati, Dwi Raissa

Febriyana, Firna Muflihani, Maulidya Eka Fratiwi, dan Nur Rahmah yang

ix

saling memberikan masukan dan motivasi bermanfaat dalam penulisan karya

skripsi ini.

5. Terima kasih kepada sahabat dan kakak-kakak Malang rasa Palu, Andi Irul

dan Firna Muflihani yang dari awal datang ke Malang selalu setia bersama

baik senang maupun sedih. Kemudian, kepada kakak Syilla Damry, Latifah

Damry, dan Dini Cahyani yang dengan baik dan sabar selalu membantu saya

dalam menyelesaikan segala tugas kuliah mulai dari awal semester hingga

akhir.

6. Terima kasih kepada teman yang sudah bersama dari awal semester hingga

sekarang Yuenitha Rachmi dan Latifah Firdaus yang selalu memberikan saran

demi kelancaran serta suskesnya karya ilmiah ini.

Semoga Allah SWT membalas semua kebaikan seluruh pihak yang sudah

mendukung dan memberikan bantuan dan tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu

sehingga penelitian ini dapat terselesaikan dengan sempurna aamiin. Penulis berharap

penelitian ini dapat memberikan manafaat khususnya mahasiswa Hubungan

Internasional dan semua kalangan yang tertarik dengan studi Hubungan Internasional.

Wassalamualaikum WR.WB

Malang, 2 Juli 2018

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

Lembar Cover/Sampul ......................................................................................... i

Lembar Persetujuan Pembimbing ..................................................................... ii

Lembar Pengesahan ............................................................................................iii

Pernyataan Orisinalitas ...................................................................................... iv

Berita Acara Bimbingan Skripsi......................................................................... v

Abstrak ................................................................................................................. vi

Abstract ............................................................................................................... vii

Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................viii

Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................... x

Daftar Tabel .......................................................................................................xiii

Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................. xiv

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................ 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................... 7

1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................... 8

1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................ 8

1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................... 8

1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ............................................................................... 9

1.5 Kerangka Konsep .................................................................................. 23

1.5.1 Konsep Civil Society .................................................................... 24

1.5.2 Konsep Women Empowerment .................................................... 28

1.6 Metode Penelitian.................................................................................. 33

1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian ............................................................................. 33

1.6.2 Teknik Analisa Data ..................................................................... 33

1.6.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................... 34

1.6.4 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ............................................................ 34

1.7 Argumen Dasar ..................................................................................... 35

1.8 Struktur Penulisan ................................................................................. 36

BAB II PEMBAHASAN: PERMASALAHAN PEREMPUAN DAN

EKSISTENSI SAMJHAUTA DI NEPAL

2.1 Gambaran Permasalahan Pendidikan Perempuan di Nepal .............. 39

xi

2.1.1 Kompleksitas Masalah Perempuan di Nepal ....................... 39

2.1.2 Kondisi Pendidikan Perempuan di Nepal ........................... 46

2.1.3 Faktor-faktor Penyebab Terbatasnya Pendidikan Perempuan

di Nepal ............................................................................... 50

a. Faktor Sosial Budaya....................................................... 50

b. Faktor Hukum ................................................................. 53

c. Faktor Ekonomi ............................................................... 55

2.1.4 Upaya Pemerintah Dalam Pendidikan ................................ 59

2.2 Gambaran Samjhauta Nepal ............................................................. 63

2.2.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................... 63

2.2.2 Profil dan Struktur Organisasi Samjhauta ........................... 65

2.2.3 Visi, Misi, dan Strategi ....................................................... 67

BAB III PERAN SAMJHAUTA MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN

DI BIDANG PENDIDIKAN DAN POLITIK

3.1 Pemberdayaan Bidang Pendidikan .................................................. 71

3.1.1 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Advokat Dalam Pendidikan

Perempuan Dengan Membuka Kelas Keaksaraan ................ 73

3.1.2 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Service Provider Melalui

Program Pendidikan Untuk Proyek Mitigasi Pendapatan

dan Konflik dan Meningkatkan Melek Huruf Perempuan ... 77

3.1.3 Pencapaian Samjhauta Dalam Bidang Pendidikan ............... 80

3.2 Pemberdayaan Bidang Politik ......................................................... 81

3.2.1 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Citizen Champion Dalam

Politik Perempuan Melalui Radio Naya Nepal ..................... 87

3.2.2 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Citizen Champion Dalam

Politik Perempuan Melalui Program SAMARPAN ............. 89

3.2.3 Pencapaian Samjhauta Dalam Bidang Politik ...................... 92

BAB IV PERAN SAMJHAUTA MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN

DI BIDANG SOSIAL, EKONOMI, DAN PSIKOLOGIS

4.1 Pemberdayaan Bidang Sosial .......................................................... 97

4.1.1 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Advocate Dalam Pemberdayaan

Sosial Melalui Program UNIFEM-VOICES ........................ 98

4.1.2 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Capacity Builder Dalam

Pemberdayaan Sosial Melalui Program SAMVAD ........... 103

4.1.3 Pencapaian Samjhauta Dalam Bidang Sosial ...................... 107

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4.2 Pemberdayaan Bidang Ekonomi ................................................... 109

4.2.1 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Expert Dalam Pemberdayaan

Ekonomi Melalui Peningkatan Baca dan Pengembangan

Usaha Mikro ....................................................................... 111

4.2.2 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Capacity Builder Melalui

Program Mempromosikan Perdamaian Berkelanjutan

dan Pengembangan Ekonomi dan Budaya Masyarakat ..... 114

4.2.3 Pencapaian Samjhauta Dalam Bidang Ekonomi ................ 117

4.3 Pemberdayaan Bidang Psikologis ................................................. 119

BAB V PENUTUP

5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................... 126

5.2 Saran .............................................................................................. 127

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 129

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Posisi Penelitian ................................................................................... 19

Tabel 2.1 Angka Melek Huruf di Nepal dari Beberapa Tahun Terakhir ............. 49

Tabel 2.2 Profil Kemiskinan dan Pendidikan di Asia Selatan ............................. 56

Tabel 3.1 Peran Samjhauta Melalui Pemberdayaan Pendidikan dan

Politik................................................................................................... 94

Tabel 4.1 Peran Samjhauta Melalui Pemberdayaan Sosial, Ekonomi, dan

Psikologis........................................................................................... 122

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Sistem Kasta di Nepal (Muluki Ain) ................................................ 54

Gambar 3.1 Aktivitas kelas keaksaran di distrik Chitwan ................................... 75

Gambar 3.2 Aktivitas training di distrik Dhanusha ............................................. 91

Gambar 4.1 Aktivitas penyiar Radio UNIFEM-VOICES.................................. 102

Gambar 4.2 Pelaksanaan SAMVAD pada fase pertama .................................... 107

Gambar 4.3 Aktivitas peningkatan baca di salah satu VDC di distrik Lalitpur . 113

Gambar 4.4 Pelatihan Pengembangan Ekonomi dan Budaya Masyarakat

di Ankar ........................................................................................... 116

xv

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Naomi Curwen. Doing and Undoing Child Marriage in Nepal An Exploring Study

Using Institutional Ethnography. Tesis. Norway: Jurusan Global

Development and Planning. University of Agder