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PENGANTAR TEKNIK INDUSTRI(Engineering, Manajemen dan Industri)

Sritomo W Soebroto

9/19/2011 Pengantar Teknik Industri/Sritomo W.Soebroto

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Sritomo W.SoebrotoLaboratorium Ergonomi & Perancangan Sistem KerjaJurusan Teknik Industri - Fakultas Teknologi Industri

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberSURABAYA

Instruksional Objective• Memberikan pemahaman tentang sejarah pertumbuhan

disiplin keilmuan Teknik Industri, logical reasoningprocess perkembangannya di masa depan.p p g y p

• Memberikan gambaran umum konsep-konsep dasardalam disiplin Teknik Industri & Manajemen Industri.

• Memberikan konsep dasar, logika berpikir dan metode-metode yang dipakai dalam disiplin Teknik Industri &Manajemen Industri.

• Memberikan konsep dasar berpikir secara sistemik danpola pemecahan masalah secara komprehensif dan

i l j di i i di i li T k ik I d i &


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optimal yang menjadi ciri disiplin Teknik Industri &Manajemen Industri.

• Memperkenalkan teknik-teknik peningkatan produktivi-tas, efektivitas dan efisiensi industri.

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Agenda

Engineering &Engineering & Manajemen

Industri, Manajemen Industri dan Bisnis


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Proses (Pendekatan CIMOSA)

Engineers or Managers?(Teknolog atau Ekonom)


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Engineering, Mathematicians & Economists?

Engineers solve problems, but so do mathematicians.l b d d


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Engineers analyze, but so do statisticians and economists.Engineers design systems, do others ?

(Wayne C. Turner, et.al. Introduction to Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2003)

Engineering ?• Ingenium• Ingeniators• Military Engineering >< Civil Engineering

“The profession in which a knowledge ofmathematical and natural sciences gained bystudy, experience and practice is applied withjudgment to develop ways to utilize


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judgment to develop ways to utilize,economically, the materials and forces ofnature for the benefit of mankind”

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Engineering ?The profession in which a knowledge of the

mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment

t d l t tili i ll th t i lto develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

(Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology – ABET, 1993)

Includes the application of these mathematical and scientificprinciples to the planning, design, construction, operation, andmaintenance of products, systems, and large fixed work that serve


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y ghumankind; as such it also includes the management of suchactivities, research and development related to such output, and theeducation of persons who will be responsible for these myriadforms of activity.

Basic Engineering ProcessProblem Symptom(Expression of Need)

Problem Definition(Statement of Desired Outcome)

Analysis(Including Experimentation)

SynthesisOf Alternative Design Solutions


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Decision(selection of the best alternative)

Solution, System, Product, Process or Method

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Engineering Process• General activities : (1) Solve problems,

(2) Analyze problems, (3) Design Systems ( ) y p ( ) g y(Synthesis/Creativity/Innovative, etc.).

• Analysis : menguraikan persoalan dalam elemen-elemen dasarnya (detail), dan terkait dengan existing systems.


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• Synthesis : kebalikan dari analysis, meng kombinasikan elemen-elemen menjadi satu kesatuan sistem yang terintegrasi, dan terkait dengan new/improved systems.

Engineering Product Design

Engineering Research

Engineering(By Function)

Development

Design(Engineering & Industrial Design)

Production, Mfg & Maintenance

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Sales, Marketing & Distribution

Commercialization(Economic)

In In

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The Engineering Design ProcessINPUTS

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Needs ?Engineering

Design Process A Better Worldfor Us ?

Skills and Qualities Needed for Engineering Profession

• Good and math skillsSt ti t kill

• Quantitative skills• Technical competency• Strong time management skills

• Mechanical aptitude• Good common sense• A strong desire for

organization and efficiency

• Excellent communi-cation/ salesmanshipCreative problem solving

• Technical competency• Continuous drive for

improvement• Listening skills

• Negotiation skills• Ability to adapt to

many environments, wear many hat and interact

with a diverse group of


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• Creative problem solving• Inquisitive mind• Continuous desire to learn

g pindividuals

• Leadership skills• Ethics

• Passion for improvement, etc.

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Management

Engineering VS Management ?

Engineering

Engineering Management

• Problem terdefinisikan jelas• Sub-sistem material• Penuh dengan faktor/variableserba pastiA i b l k

• Problem tidak bisa didefinisikan jelas

• Sub-sistem manusia• Banyak berhadapan dengan f kt / i bl


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• Asumsi berlaku secara kontinyu

• Data bisa dikembangkan baik• Keputusan diambil secaraanalitis

faktor/variable• Asumsi tidak berlaku kontinyu• Data base tidak lengkap• Keputusan lebih banyak diambilberdasarkan intuisi

Role Differences Between Engineers and Managers

Position Engineer Manager

1. Focus - More concerned with things - More concerned with people.technical/scientific.

2. Decision Making - Makes decision with much - Makes decision often with inadequatei f ti d diti f i f ti d diti f

(P. Morrison, “Making Managers of Engineers”, Journal of Management Engineering, Vol.2, No. 4, 1986)

information, under conditions of information, under conditions ofgreater certainty. greater uncertainty.

3. Involvement - Works on tasks and problem - Directs the work of others to goals.solving personally.

4. Process Outcome - Work based on facts with - Work based on fewer facts, lessquantifiable outcomes. measurable outcomes.

5. Effectiveness - Depends on personal technical - Depends on interpersonal skills in expertise, attention to detail, communication, conflict management,mathematical/technical problem getting ideas across, negotiating andsolving and designing. Coaching.

6. Dependency - Experiences role as autonomous. - Experiences role as interdependent.


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p y p p p7. Responsibility Individual accomplishment in one - Many objectives at once, requiring

project, task, or problem at a time. orchestrating a broad range of variables and organizational entities.

8. Creativity - Creative with products, design, - Creative with people and organizationsand materials.

9. Bottom Line - Will it work? - Will it make/save money for organiza-tion?

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Sains, Rekayasa & Teknik Industri

Attributes Rekayasa(General Engineering)

Teknik Industri(Industrial Engineering)Sains

Obyek

Yang Dihasilkan

Ukuran Kinerja

Ukuran Nilai

Sistem Alamiah(Natural)

Teori/Pengetahuan

Sistem Buatan Sistem Integral(Mikro/Makro)

Kebenaran

Mutlak(absolute)

Produk/Proses

Manfaat(Benefits for Mankind)

Relatif

Nilai Tambah(Value Added)

Produktivitas, Efektivitas dan Efisiensi

Kontekstual


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Diawali/Diakhiri Dengan :

Profesi

(absolute)

Keingin-Tahuan(Curiousity)

Ilmuwan(Scientist)

Insinyur(Engineer)

Kebutuhan/Persoalan(Needs & Problems)

Kebutuhan/Persoalan(Needs & Problems)

Insinyur, Manager &Leader

Industri?


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What is Industry?

INDUSTRY is the way ofsatisfying our needs and

Profit

Services

wants by using the basicresources of men, materials,

and money

Goods


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Profit

Private EnterpriseFree Enterprise

CapitalismWE LIVE IN

AN INDUSTRIAL WORLD

Labor

Land Capital

industri adalah lokasi (tempat) dimana aktivitas produksi

Industri


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….. industri adalah lokasi (tempat) dimana aktivitas produksiakan diselenggarakan …..

Aktivitas produksi …. sekumpulan aktivitas yang diperlukanuntuk merubah satu kumpulan masukan (inputs) menjadi produk luaran akhir (finished goods output) yang memiliki nilai tambah

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Proses Produksi“Bl k B ”

Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi

“Black Box”

- Formulasi Problem yang Menjadi Tanggung-Jawab Profesi

Teknik Industri- Proses Transformasi (Fisik &

Non-Fisik)- Proses Nilai Tambah (Fungsi &

InputsFinished Goods Output


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- Proses Nilai Tambah (Fungsi & Ekonomis)

- Aktivitas Produktif >< Non-Produktif

Waste

Finished

Diagram Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi

Value Added (Functional & Economical)

Goods ProductsProses Produksi

* Factory* Hospital* Bank/Insurance* Transportation/Distribution* Dan Lain-Lain

Services

. Material

. Human

. Machines/Equipment

. Information


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Waste,Defects, etc

. Information

. Energy

Transformation Process(Fisik & Non-Fisik)

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Type of Modern Industry ?Manufacturing

Services &Consultation

Distribution & Transportation

Consultation


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Information

“Diagram Sistem Industri”

Proses Manajemen

Environment

StandardPerformance* Quality* Costs* Time

Finished Goods Products

Services

. Material

. Human

. Machines/

* TimeDelivery

Proses Produksi


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Waste,Defects, etc

ServicesEquipment. Information. Energy

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Long TermM d l K jIncome

Aktivitas ProduksiDitinjau dari ProsesAliran Uang

Proses Produksi/Operasional(Proses Konversi Uang Menjadi Produk yang Memiliki Nilai Tambah)

TaxDividends Bhn Baku Tenaga

KerjaEnergi Informasi,

dllCapital(Depresiasi)

Long TermCapital Assets

Modal Kerja(Working Capital)

Income(Before Tax)


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( g j y g )

Proses Distribusi & Pemasaran/Penjualan(Proses Konversi Produk Menjadi Uang)

Finished Goods Product

Where are yourmanufacturing costs

hiding?


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Mass Productionis the Key to IndustrializationEli Whitney – the father of massproduction

Henry Ford developer ofthe “moving assembly line”

Interchangeable partsare exactly alike


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Produce more productsin a shorter time period

GNP(Gross National Product)

A Device Used to Measure

GNPGOODS + SERVICES =Prices of

Produced

Prices of

Provided

the Economic Output of a Country


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PRODUCTIVITYThe Goods and Services Produced by a Country


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Productivity May Rise or Fall

Produktivitas, Unit Costs & Daya Saing

P2 UC1

P CP1 UC2


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t1 t220021997

t11997

t22002

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Four Tasks of Industrial Management

PLANNINGPreparing the Future

Objectives and Goals ofjthe Company

DIRECTINGSupervising the Workers

While They Carry Outthe ObjectivesCONTROLLING

I i Th t All O ti


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ORGANIZINGDeciding What ActivitiesMust Be Done to MeetEstablished Objectives

Insuring That All Operationsand Activities

Conform to the Plans

Seven Aspects of Successful Industry

Management

Manpower

Employees who use machines and materials tomake the productTools and equipment

to produce the product

Plan, Organize, Direct andEvaluate/Control Industrial Operations

Money

Buys facilities & materials

Machines

ALL SEVEN ASPECTSARE EQUALLY

IMPORTANT AND ESSENTIAL


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yand pays employees

MaterialsBasics from whichproducts are madeMethods

Processes used by employees

to make the product

Markets

Where the productis sold by the industry

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Interaksi Proses Perancangan Produk, Proses Produksi, Proses Pemasaran dan

Aspek Finansial

FiFinance

R & DEngineering

Marketing

Fund

R

eque

st

dget

ingCustomer Needs

Product Design


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Production/Manufacturing

Bu

Pendekatan Business Process CIMOSA(Computer Integrated Manufacturing for Open System Architecture)

S Di i S S Di B i

Manage Process

Set Direction Set Strategy Direct Business

DevelopProduct/Service Get Order Fulfill Order Support Product

Core Business Process


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Human ResourcesManagement

FinancialAccounting

InformationTechnology

MaintenanceManagement

Support Process

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Pendekatan BP-Cimosa

Manage Process

Core Business Process


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Support ProcessSupport Process

BP – CIMOSACBP : Develop Product/Sevices

St t i d b• Strategi perancangan dan pengembanganproduk

• Memahami pentingnya voice of customer danmenterjemahkannya ke dalam parameter -parameter teknis dalam rancangan produk (QFDMethods).


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• Tahapan-tahapan perancangan produk daritahap pencarian ide, konsep sampai dengantahap komersialisasi.

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BP – CIMOSACBP : Get Order

• Strategi pemasaran• Manajemen pemasaran• Sigi pasar sebagai bagian dari strategi


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pemasaran

BP – CIMOSACBP : Fulfill Order

• Pengenalan berbagai macam proses dan• Pengenalan berbagai macam proses dan sistem produksi

• Teknik tata cara dan pengukuran kerja• Perencanaan fasilitas dan kapasitas produksi• Perencanaan dan pengendalian produksi/

i l


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operasional• Strategi perencanaan – Supply Chain• Teknik-teknik optimasi (operation research)

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BP – CIMOSACBP : Support Product

• Customer service & satisfaction• Customer relation management


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BP – CIMOSASP : Human Resources Management

• Organisasi dan management industri• Manajemen SDM


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BP – CIMOSASP : Financial & Accounting

• Analisa biaya• Analisa ekonomi teknik• Manajemen keuangan


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BP – CIMOSASP : Information Technology

• Peranan teknologi informasi dalam mendukung proses produksi

• Strategi implementasi teknologi informasi di industri


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informasi di industri

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BP – CIMOSASP : Maintenance Management

• Peranan maintenance management dalam proses produksi

• Reliability engineering


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• Implementasi maintenance management


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Tugas # 1• Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan proses nilai tambah (added

value) itu? Jelaskan dengan beberapa contoh (masing-masingminimal tiga) yang bisa dijumpai di sebuah industri manufakturminimal tiga) yang bisa dijumpai di sebuah industri manufakturdan/atau jasa (service).

• Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan produktivitas itu? Apa kaitannyaproduktivitas sebuah negara dengan kemampuan daya saing yangbisa diberikan dalam konteks persaingan global? Jelaskan jawabansaudara. Bagaimana pengamatan saudara mengenai kemampuandaya saing industri nasional kita?


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• Industrial & Management engineer is synonymous with systemsintegrator ( a big picture thinker, in other words). It’s an employeewho takes what exists today and conceptualizes what exist in thefuture). Jelaskan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan kalimat tersebutdiatas dan kompetensi apa yang bisa digunakan untuk mendukungperan tersebut diatas?

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