i

TUGAS AKHIR

PERENCANAAN PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN

OFFICE CENTRE ANFEN SEMARANG

Diajukan Sebagai Syarat Menyelesaikan Pendidikan Tingkat Sarjana Strata 1 (S-1)

Pada Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata

Disusun Oleh :

Andre 13.12.0027

Stefen Sambuhak 13.12.0036

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

SEMARANG

2018

ii

iii

iv

v

KARTU ASISTENSI

vi

KARTU ASISTENSI

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KARTU ASISTENSI

viii

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan juga syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan YME karena dengan

berkat dan juga rahmat-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan dari tugas

akhir(TA) yang berjudul “Perencanaan Proyek Pembangunan Office Centre

AnFen Semarang” yang telah melewati berbagai tahapan.

Proses pembuatan tugas akhir ini penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada

banyak pihak yang sudah membantu.

1. Ir. David Widianto, MT. dan Ir. Widija Suseno, M.T. Selaku dosen

pembimbing yang telah membimbing kami dalam penyusunan tugas akhir

ini dari awal hingga akhir. Memberikan masukkan baik dalam segi

akademik maupun non akademik berupa masukan moral sebagai seorang

mahasiswa. Serta sebagai dosen penguji kami yang memberi perbaikan

bila jawaban kami kurang tepat.

2. Dr. Hermawan, ST. MT. dan Ir. RM Endro Giyanto, MM

Selaku dosen penguji yang memberikan masukkan serta koreksi pada

laporan tugas akhir, sehingga kekurangan yang terdapat dalam laporan

kami dapat diperbaiki guna memberikan laporan yang lebih baik lagi.

Selain memberikan masukkan dalam laporan, beliau-beliau juga

memberikan masukan kepada kami, bilamana pemahaman kami tentang

dasar teori maupun pengetahuan kami yang dalam penyampaiannya masih

kurang didalam proses sidang.

3. Teman-teman

Selaku rekan satu angkatan yang memberikan bantuan dalam hal referensi

bilamana tugas akhir mengalami kesulitan dalam mencari bahan untuk

penyusunan laporan tugas akhir ini. Serta dukungan ucapan semangat

yang sering diucapkan selama kami menyusun laporan tugas akhir ini.

Hormat,

Penulis

ix

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ············································································· i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR ············································· ii

LAMPIRAN KEPUTUSAN REKTOR ····················································· iv

KARTU ASISTENSI ············································································· v

KATA PENGANTAR ··········································································· viii

DAFTAR ISI ······················································································· ix

DAFTAR TABEL ··········································································· xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ········································································ xiii

DAFTAR NOTASI ··············································································· xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ·································································· 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ······························································· 1

1.2 Lokasi Proyek ································································· 2

1.3 Data Proyek ··································································· 3

1.4 Tujuan Penulisan ····························································· 3

1.5 Pembatasan Masalah ························································ 4

1.6 Sistematika Penyusunan ···················································· 5

BAB II PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR ················································ 7

2.1 Uraian Umum ································································· 7

2.2 Modifikasi Perencanaan Gedung ········································· 8

2.3 Landasan Teori ······························································· 8

2.3.1 Pembebanan ····························································· 9

2.3.2 Pembebanan Gempa Menggunakan Analisa Statistik Elivalen ·· 9

2.3.3 Perhitungan Plat Lantai ················································ 10

2.3.4 Perhitungan Tangga ···················································· 11

2.3.5 Perhitungan Balok ······················································ 11

2.3.6 Perhitungan Kolom ····················································· 13

2.3.7 Perhitungan Pondasi Tiang Pancang ································· 15

2.3.8 Perhitungan Pile Cap ··················································· 17

2.3.9 Perhitungan Tie Beam ·················································· 17

x

2.3.10 Shear Wall ······························································ 17

2.4 Asumsi-asumsi ································································ 18

BAB III METODE PERENCANAAN ·················································· 20

3.1 Tinjauan Umum ······························································ 20

3.2 Pelaksanaan Pembangunan ················································ 21

3.3 Flow Chart tugas akhir ······················································ 22

3.4 Time Schedule Perencanaan Proyek Pembangunan Office Centre

AnFen ··········································································· 23

BAB IV PERHITUNGAN STRUKTUR ··············································· 24

4.1 Perhitungan Plat Lantai ···················································· 24

4.1.1 Perencanaan Pembebanan Plat lantai ······························· 24

4.1.2 Penentuan Tebal Plat Lantai ·········································· 24

4.1.3 Perhitungan Plat lantai Ground Floor ······························ 25

4.1.4 Perhitungan Plat Lantai 1-5 ··········································· 32

4.2 Perhitungan Tangga ························································· 39

4.2.1 Pembebanan Tangga ··················································· 40

4.2.2 Penulangan Tangga ···················································· 41

4.3 Perhitungan Gaya Gempa ·················································· 44

4.3.1 Perhitungan Gaya Geser Dasar Horisontal Total ·················· 44

4.3.2 Perhitngan Pembebanan Gempa ····································· 47

4.4 Perhitungan Penulangan Balok ··········································· 55

4.4.1 Penulangan Lentur Balok ············································· 55

4.4.2 Penulangan Lentur Balok ············································· 65

4.5 Perhitungan Penulangan Kolom ·········································· 76

4.5.1 Desain Penampang Kolom ··········································· 76

4.5.2 Desain Tulangan Lentur Kolom ····································· 77

4.5.3 Desain Penulangan Geser Kolom ···································· 79

4.5.4 Cek Keruntuhan Kolom ··············································· 80

4.6 Perhitungan Dinding Geser (Shear Wall) ······························· 81

4.7 Perhitungan Pile Cap ··········································································· 83

4.7.1 Perhitungan Pile Cap ·················································· 83

xi

4.7.2 Perhitungan Tulangan Pile Cap ······································ 91

4.8 Perhitungan Tie Beam ······················································· 93

4.9 Perencanaan Tiang Pancang··············································· 98

4.10 Perencanaan Dak Atap ···················································· 101

BAB V RENCANA KERJA DAN SYARAT-SYARAT (RKS) ··················· 108

5.1 Syarat-Syarat Teknis Pekerjaan Struktur ······························ 108

5.2 Pekerjaan Persiapan ························································· 109

5.3 Pekerjaan Tanah ····························································· 111

5.4 Pekerjaan Pondasi Tiang Pancang ······································· 114

5.5 Pekerjaan Beton Bertulang Cor Ditempat ······························ 117

BAB VI RENCANA ANGGARAN BIAYA (RAB) ·································· 122

6.1 Analisis Biaya Konstruksi ················································· 122

6.2 Kurva S ········································································ 144

BAB VI I KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ··············································· 145

7.1 Kesimpulan ··································································· 145

7.2 Saran ··········································································· 146

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ······································································· 147

xii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Elevasi dan Luas Gedung ........................................................................... 3

Tabel 1.2 Koefisien Gempa yang Membatasi Waktu Getar Alami Fundamental...... 4

Tabel 1.3 Koefisien untuk Batas Atas Pada Periode yang Dihitung .......................... 4

Tabel 3.1 Jadwal Penyusunan Tugas Akhir (schedule) ............................................. 22

Tabel 4.1 Penentuan Nilai Cx Plat Ground Floor ...................................................... 27

Tabel 4.2 Penentuan Nilai Cy Plat Ground Floor ...................................................... 28

Tabel 4.3 Penentuan Nilai Cx Plat Lantai 1-5 ............................................................ 34

Tabel 4.4 Penentuan Nilai Cy Plat Lantai 1-5 ............................................................ 35

Tabel 4.5 Menentukan Tulangan Pokok .................................................................... 44

Tabel 4.6 Menentukan Tulangan Melintang .............................................................. 45

Tabel 4.7 Ukuran Tie Beam, Balok dan Kolom ......................................................... 45

Tabel 4.8 Berat Total Struktur ................................................................................... 47

Tabel 4.9 Faktor Keruntuhan Gempa ......................................................................... 47

Tabel 4.10 Koefisien Situs, Fa .................................................................................... 49

Tabel 4.11 Koefisien Situs, Fv ........................................................................................................................... 50

Tabel 4.12 Kategori Desain Gempa Berdasarkan Parameter Percepatan Respon

Period Pendek ............................................................................................................ 51

Tabel 4.13 Kategori Desain Gempa Berdasarkan Parameter Percepatan Respon

Period 1 detik ............................................................................................................. 51

Tabel 4.14 Faktor R, Cd, dan Ω0 Untuk Sistem Penahan Gempa ............................................ 52

Tabel 4.15 Distribusi Gaya Geser Horisontal Total Akibat Gempa .......................... 54

Tabel 4.16 Gaya Geser Horizontal Gempa X dan Y .................................................. 55

Tabel 4.17 Waktu Getar Struktur Dalam Arah x ....................................................... 56

Tabel 4.18 Waktu Getar Struktur Dalam Arah y ....................................................... 56

xiii

Tabel 4.19 Penentuan Nilai Cx Perhitungan Plat Lantai 1-5 ...................................... 104

Tabel 4.20 Penentuan Nilai Cy Perhitungan Plat Lantai 1-5 ...................................... 104

Tabel 6.1 Perhitungan Volume .................................................................................. 123

Tabel 6.2 Rekapitulasi Harga ..................................................................................... 140

xiv

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Lokasi Proyek Pembangunan Office Centre AnFen Pringgading ......... 2

Gambar 1.2 Gempa Maksimum yang Dipertimbangkan Resiko-Tertarget ............... 4

Gambar 2.1 Perhitungan Data Dukung Ujung ........................................................... 15

Gambar 3.1 Flowchart Tugas Akhir .......................................................................... 21

Gambar 4.1 Plat Lantai Ground Floor ....................................................................... 26

Gambar 4.2 Penulangan Plat Lantai 1-5 .................................................................... 32

Gambar 4.3 Denah Tangga Lantai Dasar ................................................................... 39

Gambar 4.4 Pembebanan Tangga .............................................................................. 39

Gambar 4.5 Hasil SAP Momen Tangga Basement .................................................... 41

Gambar 4.6 Peta Spektral Percepatan 0,2 detik ......................................................... 47

Gambar 4.7 Peta Spektral Percepatan 1 detik ............................................................ 48

Gambar 4.8 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Lentur Balok Bagian Tumpuan ............. 56

Gambar 4.9 Detail Penulangan Lentur Balok Tipe 1 Bagian Tumpuan .................... 58

Gambar 4.10 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Lentur Balok Bagian Lapangan ........... 58

Gambar 4.11 Detail Penulangan Lentur Balok Tipe 1 Bagian Lapangan .................. 60

Gambar 4.12 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Geser Maksimum Balok Tipe 1 ........... 60

Gambar 4.13 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Torsi Balok Tipe 1 ............................... 62

Gambar 4.14 Detail Penulangan Torsi Balok Tipe 1 ................................................. 65

Gambar 4.15 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Lentur Balok Bagian Tumpuan ........... 65

Gambar 4.16 Detail Penulangan Lentur Balok Tipe 2 Bagian Tumpuan .................. 67

Gambar 4.17 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Lentur Balok Bagian Lapangan ........... 68

Gambar 4.18 Detail Penulangan Lentur Balok Tipe 2 Bagian Lapangan .................. 70

Gambar 4.19 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Geser Maksimum Balok Tipe 2 ........... 70

Gambar 4.20 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Torsi Balok Tipe 2 ............................... 72

xv

Gambar 4.21 Detail Penulangan Torsi Balok Tipe 2 ................................................. 75

Gambar 4.22 Nilai Pu dari SAP .................................................................................. 76

Gambar 4.23 Momen dari SAP untuk Penampang Kolom ........................................ 76

Gambar 4.24 Detail Penulangan Lentur Kolom ........................................................ 78

Gambar 4.25 Detail Penulangan Geser Maksimum Kolom dari SAP ....................... 78

Gambar 4.26 Pembebanan Shear Wall ...................................................................... 81

Gambar 4.27 Detail Shear Wall ................................................................................. 82

Gambar 4.28 Dimensi Pile Cap 1 .............................................................................. 83

Gambar 4.29 Dimensi Pile Cap 2 .............................................................................. 87

Gambar 4.30 Detail Penulangan Lentur Tie Beam Bagian Tumpuan ....................... 95

Gambar 4.31 Detail Penulangan Lentur Tie Beam Bagian Lapangan ...................... 97

Gambar 4.32 Denah Tiang Pancang Diameter 60 cm ................................................ 100

Gambar 4.33 Plat Dak Atap ....................................................................................... 102

xvi

DAFTAR NOTASI

Perhitungan Pondasi

qe' = Daya Dukung Ujung

σr = Tegangan Referensi = 2000 lb/ft2 = 100 kPa

N60 = Nilai SPT antara Dasar Pondasi dan Panjang Dua Kali Lebar

Penampang

qer' = Reduksi Daya Dukung Ujung

Br = Lebar Referensi = 1,0 ft = 0,3 m = 12 in = 300 mm

Bb = Diameter Dasar Pondasi, mm

fs = Daya Dukung Gesekan Selimut, (kN)

σv' = Tegangan Efektif Vertikal (t/m

2)

z = Kedalaman dari Permukaan Tanah sampai Tengah Lapisan, mm.

β = Beta

Ps = Daya Dukung Selimut (kN)

Pa' = Daya Dukung Ijin Pondasi (kN/m

2)

γw = Berat Jenis Air (kg/m3)

γ = Berat Jenis Tanah (t/m3)

Perhitungan Pilecap

B' = lebar penampang kritis, mm

lp = lebar pilecap, mm

lk = lebar kolom, mm

xvii

q' = berat pilecap pada penampang kritis, kg/m

Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, kNm

As = luas tulangan, mm2

fc' = kuat tekan beton, MPa

fy = kuat leleh baja, MPa

d = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke titik berat tulangan longitudinal, mm

a = tinggi blok tegangan persegi ekuivalen, mm

bk = panjang kolom, mm

ak = lebar kolom, mm

d = tinggi efektif pondasi, mm

bo = keliling kritis pondasi telapak, mm

∝s = konstanta perhitungan pondasi telapak

Perhitungan Tie Beam

As min = luas tulangan minimum, mm2

∆S = perbedaan penurunan antar pondasi, mm

I = momen inersia penampang, mm4

Ls = bentang tie beam, mm

E = modulus elastisitas beton, MPa

b = lebar balok, mm

d = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke titik berat tulangan longitudinal, mm

φ = faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, 0,75.

xviii

Vn = tegangan gesr nominal, N.

Vu = gaya geser terfaktor, N.

Vc = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh beton, N.

Vs = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh tulangan, N.

Nu = gaya tarik terfaktor, N.

Ag = luas penampang beton, mm2

.

Av = luas tulangan geser, mm2

.

s = jarak tulangan geser, mm.

fc' = kuat tekan beton, MPa.

fy = kuat leleh baja, MPa.

Perhitungan Kolom

Pu = beban aksial terfaktor, kip

Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, ft-kip

fc' = kuat tekan beton, psi

fy = kuat leleh baja, psi

As = luas tulangan kolom, in2

Ag = luas bruto penampang, in2

Av = luas tulangan geser, in2

Ast = luas total tulangan longitudinal, in2

Pn = kuat beban aksial nominal pada eksentrisitas yang diberikan, kip

h = tebal total komponen struktur, in

xix

ρ = rasio tulangan kolom.

b = lebar muka tekan komponen struktur, in

bw = lebar badan, in

d = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke pusat tulangan tekan, in

Vc = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh beton, lb.

Nu = beban aksial terfaktor, kip

Vs = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh baja, lb

Perhitungan Balok

wu = beban aksial terfaktor, kip/ft.

Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, ft-kip

ρ = rasio tulangan balok non-prategamg.

ρmaks = rasio tulangan maksimum balok.

β = faktor coating.

ρb = rasio tulangan yang memberikan regangan seimbang.

ρmin = rasio minimum tulangan balok.

fc' = kuat tekan beton, psi.

fy = kuat leleh baja, psi.

l = panjang bentang, ft.

As1 = luas tulangan tarik, in2

.

As2 = luas tulangan tekan, in2

.

a = tinggi blok tegangan persegi ekuivalen, in.

xx

b = lebar muka tekan komponen struktur, in.

c = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke garis netral, in.

d = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke pusat tulangan tarik, in.

∈s' = regangan pada tulangan tekan.

Mn = kuat momen nominal, ft-kip

Mn1 = nilai yang lebih kecil dari momen ujung terfaktor akibat beban yang

tidak menimbulkan goyangan ke samping, ft-kip

Mn2 = nilai yang lebih besar dari momen ujung terfaktor akibat beban yang

tidak menimbulkan goyangan ke samping, ft-kip

fs' = tegangan dalam tulangan pada kondisi beban bekerja, ksi.

Vc = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh beton, lb.

Vu = kuat geser terfaktor, lb.

Vs = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh baja, lb.

s = jarak as ke as tulangan, in.

Av = luas tulangan geser, in2.

bw = lebar badan balok, in.

Perhitungan Pelat Lantai

ly = panjang pelat lantai arah-y, mm.

lx = panjang pelat lantai arah-x, mm.

d = tebal efektif pelat lantai, mm.

l = bentamg pelat lantai, mm.

xxi

hmin = tebal minimum pelat lantai, mm

wu = beban aksial terfaktor, kg/m.

wD = beban mati, kg/m.

wL = beban hidup, kg/m.

∅D = diameter tulangan pelat lantai, mm.

Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, kg-m.

b = lebar pelat (dianalisis tiap jarak 1 m), m.

ρ = rasio tulangan pelat lantai.

ρmin = rasio minimum tulangan pelat lantai.

ρmax = rasio maksimum tulangan pelat lantai.

AS min = luas tulangan minimum pelat lantai, mm2

.

Perhitungan Shear Wall

Vu = kuat geser terfaktor, kip

Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, in-kip

Vn = beban aksial noimnal, kip

Vc = kuat geser yang disumbangkan oleh beton, kip

Vs = kuat geser yang disumbangkan oleh baja, kip

h = tebal total komponen struktur, in.

d = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke pusat tulangan tekan, in.

hw = tinggi vertikal dinding, ft.

lw = panjang horizontal dinding, ft.

xxii

Nu = beban aksial terfaktor, kip

Ag = luas bruto penampang, in2

.

bw = lebar badan, in.

fy = kuat leleh yang disyaratkan untuk tulangan, psi.

s1 = spasi tulangan vertikal dalam dinding, in.

s2 =spasi tulangan horizontal dalam dinding, in.

Perhitungan Tangga

DLAT = beban mati anak tangga, kg/m

LLAT = beban hidup anak tangga, kg/m

DLB = beban mati bordes, kg/m

LLB = beban hidup bordes, kg/m

b = lebar anak tangga, mm

h = tebal plat, mm

d' = selimut beton, mm

Perhitungan Dak Atap

ly = panjang pelat lantai arah-y, mm.

lx = panjang pelat lantai arah-x, mm.

d = tebal efektif pelat lantai, mm.

l = bentamg pelat lantai, mm.

hmin = tebal minimum pelat lantai, mm

wu = beban aksial terfaktor, kg/m.

xxiii

wD = beban mati, kg/m.

wL = beban hidup, kg/m.

∅D = diameter tulangan pelat lantai, mm.

Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, kg-m.

b = lebar pelat (dianalisis tiap jarak 1 m), m.

ρ = rasio tulangan pelat lantai.

ρmin = rasio minimum tulangan pelat lantai.

ρmax = rasio maksimum tulangan pelat lantai.

AS min = luas tulangan minimum pelat lantai, mm2

.

Perhitungan Gaya Gempa

wt = berat total, kg.

wD = berat mati, kg.

wL = berat hidup, kg

T = waktu getar alami, detik.

WI = Berat lantai ke - i, kg.

Fi.xy = gaya gempa lantai ke- i, kg.

di.xy = deformasi lateral total akibat Fi pada lantai ke - i, m.

G = percepatan gravitasi, m/det2.