NEUROLOGI KLINIS DASAR

dr. Maria Belladonna, Sp.S, MSi.Med

Bagian / SMF NeurologiFK Undip / RSUP dr. Kariadi

Semarang2013

Apa sih  yang dipelajari di Neurologi ?Sistem saraf :

1.     Sistem saraf pusat

2.     Sistem saraf tepi

-          Nn. Cranialis -          Nn. Spinalis

-          Otak-          Medulla spinalis

(12 pasang)(31 pasang : 8-12-5-5-1)

Modalitas dalam neurologi:

1. Sistem Motorik

2. Sistem Sensorik

3. Sistem Vegetatif / otonom

4. Fungsi luhur

SISTEM MOTORIK MOTOR NEURON

a type of cell in the nervous system that directly or indirectly controls the contraction / relaxation of muscles movement.

Upper motor neurons (UMN) : motor neurons that originate in the motor region of the

cerebral cortex or the brain stem and carry motor information down to the final common pathway

any motor neurons that are not directly responsible for stimulating the target muscle.

SISTEM MOTORIK Lower motor neurons (LMN) :

motor neurons connecting the brainstem and spinal cord to muscle fibers, bringing the nerve impulses from the upper motor neurons out to the muscles.

A lower motor neuron's axon terminates on an effector (muscle).

Lesi UMN : Klinis : Spastik Tanda-tandanya :1.2.3.4.

Lesi LMN : Klinis : Flaksid Tanda-tandanya :1.2.3.4.

TRAKTUS PIRAMIDAL

PIRAMIDAL vs EKSTRAPIRAMIDAL Sistem piramidal

Spastisitas Clasp knife phenomen

Sistem ekstrapiramidal Rigiditas

Cog wheel rigidity Lead pipe rigidity

Sistem sensorik/sensibilitas Eksteroseptif Interoseptif Proprioseptif

Sistem vegetatif / otonom Miksi Defekasi Berkeringat Simpatis Parasimpatis

Harus Bisa Melakukan :

Anamnesis Pemeriksaan Fisik Diagnosis kerja/ diagnosis sementara /

Working Diagnosis Initial plan

DIAGNOSIS KLINIS

DIAGNOSIS TOPIS

DIAGNOSIS ETIOLOGIS V : Vaskuler I : Infeksi / inflamasi T : Trauma A : Autoimun M : Metabolik / Medication I : Idiopatik / Iatrogenik N : Neoplasma

C : Congenital + D : Degenerasi