pengantar neurologi

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PENGANTAR NEUROLOGI Dr FUAD HANIF SpS M.KES SMF NEUROLOGI RSUD BANJAR

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  • PENGANTAR NEUROLOGIDr FUAD HANIF SpS M.KESSMF NEUROLOGI RSUD BANJAR

  • BATASANNEUROLOGI ADALAH ILMU YANG MEMPELAJARI TENTANG PERSARAFAN, BAIK YANGFISIOLOGIS MAUPUN PATOLOGIS.

  • SKEMA PEMERIKSAAN PENYAKIT SARAFSKEMAANAMNESAPEMERIKSAAN FISIK

    PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANGGEJALA TUMPANG TINDIHDIAGNOSA KLINISDIAGNOSA LOKALISASIDIAGNOSA ETIOLOGIDIAGNOSA BANDING

  • CARA PEMERIKSAANSSP (SUSUNAN SARAF PUSAT)TERLETAK DIDALAM TULANG SEHINGGA TIDAK DAPAT DI INSPEKSI, PALPASI, DAN AUKULTASI SECARA LANGSUNG, MELAINKAN DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN KHUSUS (TEKNIK STIMULUS RESPONS)

  • URUTAN PEMERIKSAANANAMNESAALLO-ANAMNESAHETERO-ANAMNESA

    PEMERIKSAAN FISIKSTATUS PRAESENSI : vital signSTATUS INTERNA

  • ETIOLOGY IN NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS :

    TRAUMA : HEAD / SPINE TRAUMAVASCULAR : STROKEINFECTION : ENCEPHALITIS, MENINGITISTUMOURDEGENRATIVE PROCESS : PARKINSON, DEMENTIAIDIOPATHIC : EPILEPSY

  • STATUS NEUROLOGIRANGSANG MENINGEALSARAF OTAKPEMERIKSAAN MOTORIKPEMERIKSAAN SENSORIKPEMERIKSAAN REFLEKSPEMERIKSAAN KOORDINASIPEMERIKSAAN FUNGSI LUHUR

  • ANAMNESAKELUHAN UTAMARIWAYAT PENYAKIT SEKARANGRIWAYAT PENYAKIT DAHULU

  • PEMERIKSAAN FISIKKESADARANTEKANAN DARAHNADIRESPIRASITEMPERATUR

  • PEMERIKSAAN NEUROLOGISDIPERIKSA RANGSANGAN MENINGEALPEMERIKSAAN MELIPUTI :TANDA KAKU KUDUKTANDA KERNIGTANDA LASEQUETANDA BRUDZINSKI

  • PEMERIKSAAN SARAF OTAKSARAF YANG DIPERIKSANERVUS I (OLFAKTORIUS)NERVUS II (OPTIKUS)NERVUS III, IV, VINERVUS V (TRIGEMINUS)NERVUS VII (FASIALIS)NERVUS VIII (VESTIBULOCOCHLEARIS)NERVUS IX (GLOSSOFARINGEUS)NERVUS X (VAGUS)NERVUS XI (ASESORIUS)NERVUS XII (HIPOGLOSUS)

  • Cranial Nerves

  • Nuclei of Cranial Nerves

  • Motoric Cranial Nerves Nuclei

  • Sensoric Cranial Nerves Nuclei

  • CN V (TRIGEMINAL) SENSATION OF FACE, OPEN/CLOSE JAW, MASTICATION, CORNEAL REFLEX)

  • CN VII (FACIAL) FACIAL MOVEMENT AND EXPRESSION, TASTE OF ANTERIOR TWO THIRD OF TONGUE, BLINKING REFLEX

  • Central 7th palsyPeripheral 7th palsy

  • CN VIII (VESTIBULO-COCHLEAR) BALANCINGSENSE OF HEARING

  • CN IX (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL) AND CN X (VAGUS)

    ELEVATION OF PALATE/UVULA, GAG REFLEX

  • CN XI (SPINAL ACCESSORY) HEAD MOVEMENT, SHOULDER SHRUG/ELEVATIONCN XII TONGUE MOVEMENT

  • MOTOR SYSTEM

    MUSCLE BULKMUSCLE TONUSMUSCLE POWER/STRENGTHFASCICULATION

  • SENSORY SYSTEM

    SUPERFICIAL SENSORY MODALITIES : PAIN PERCEPTION, TEMPERATURE DISCRIMINATION, LIGHT TOUCH

    DEEP SENSORY MODALITIES : VIBRATION SENSE, POSITION SENSE

    CORTICAL FUNCTION : TWO-POINT DISCRIMINATION (EXTINCTION), STEREOGNOSIS

  • REFLEXES

    PHYSIOLOGIC REFLEX [MUSCLE STRETCH (DEEP) REFLEX] : BICEPS, TRICEPS, BRACHIORADIAL, KNEE JERK (KPR), ANKLE JERK (APR)

    SUPERFICIAL REFLEX : ABDOMINAL SKIN REFLEX, CRESMATERIC, ANAL, BULBOCAVERNOUS

    PATOLOGIC REFLEX : BABINSKI, CHADDOCK, HOFFMANN TROMMER, REGRESSION

  • SUBSPECIALTIES IN NEUROLOGY

    NEUROPEDIATRIC OR DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROLOGYNEURO-RADIOLOGYNEURO-PHYSIOLOGYNEURO-PSYCHOLOGYNEURO-ANATOMYNEURO-REHABILITATIONCEREBRO-VASCULAR DISEASE (CVD)CNS INFECTIONEPILEPSYPERIPHERAL NERVENEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY

  • SIGN AND SYMPTOMS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

  • SYMPTOMS & SIGNS

  • Due to location HemisphereCentral Nerves System Medulla spinalisCerebralCerebellumBrain sectionCervicalThoracalLumbosacral NucleusPeripheral nerves system Ganglion Nerve root

  • Cardinal symptomsGeneral cerebral disordersHigh intracranial pressureIntoxicationMetabolic disordersFocal cerebral disordersDisturbances of ARAS / brain stemConsciousness

  • Cardinal symptomsMeningeal irritation : - Infection- Haemorrhage- Radix irritation

  • Motor dysfunction : - centralCerebral : hemiparese, hemiplegy- Vascular- Infection- SOL- Degenerative processMedullar : segmental paralyticUpper motor / centralHypertonic / spasticHyperreflexiaPathological reflex

  • - PeriferCranial nerveSegmental :- Myotomal- Radiculopathy- NeuropathyLower motor :Hypotonic / flacidHypo / areflexia

  • Sensoric dysfunction : ExteroceptivePainTemperatureTouchProprioceptiveVibrationDeep painPositionCerebralCorticalThalamicMedullarRadicularOrganic

  • Autonomic :SymphaticParasymphaticRegulation of blood pressure, respiration, micturation, bowel habit, sweating

  • Equilibrium :Central :CerebellumPosterior medulla spinalisPeripheral :Vestibular

  • Higher Cortical Dysfunction :Cognitive dysfunction NeurobehaviourMemoryImmediateRecentLong term memoryLanguageVerbalNon verbalDyslexiaDysgraphiaOrientationTimePlacePerson

  • PraxisCalculationInsightExecutive functionVisuospatialEmotion

  • Higher Cortical Dysfunction :Degenerative DementiaVascular StrokeSOL Intracranial tumorNeurotransmitter Psychiatric disorder

  • Symptoms :Memory problemExecutive dysfunctionLanguage dysfunction, aphasiaDisorientationDisinhibitionBehaviour disturbancesDispraxia

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