moestopo menteri pertahanan pertama yang mengabdi pada dunia

7/23/2019 Moestopo Menteri Pertahanan Pertama Yang Mengabdi Pada Dunia

1/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

L`jw{`q`

Ljc{j}d Qj}{enecec Qj}{ele

teci Ljciemkd qeke Kzcde Qjckdkdbec

Kd kej}en Bjmet }ec Me}z {j}keqe{ qj}iz}zec {dciid( Zcdvj}wd{ew Q}`f K}#

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B`jw`jl`ydc{` qjcwdzcec yjkece Bjkd}d kd {j}keqe{ wjozlhen ijhe} teci ljctj}{ed

celecte# Hjcibeqcte Let`} Ojck}eh .Qz}c$ Q}`f# K`b{`} L`jw{`q` @w .@}eh wz}ij`c$(

@}{n .@}{nkjc{dw{$( @qkjc{ .@qj}e{dvjw kjc{jw$( Qjk`/Kj .Qjk`kjc{dg/Kjc{ehnje{hnjkzge{d`c$( Q}`w{ .Q}dw{n`k`c`{de$( Md`h .Md`h idw{$ kec Qecge .Qecgewdhe$# Wjkj}j{ec

ijhe} kdwj}{ed wjozlhen ijhe} kd mjhebeci celecte wjmeied Meqeb Qzmhdwd{db/Dhlz

B`lzcdbewd( Meqeb Qj}ldctebec( Meqeb ]jghhewwj}dci( Meqeb Dhlz Bjk`b{j}ec Idid

Dck`cjwde( Meqeb Dhlz Mjken ]eneci Dck`cjwde( Meqeb Qjcieyeh Qecgewdhe kec MeqebBj}zbzcec Zle{ Mj}eiele Dck`cjwde#

Wjkj}e{ec ijhe} teci ljctj}{ed cele ke}d qjckd}d Zcdvj}wd{ew Q}`f# K}# L`jw{`q`

.Mj}eiele$ wjmjce}cte ljczcozbbec mj{eqe hzew ldce{( heb`c teci kdledcbec wj}{e

wzlmeciec ke}d eten ke}d wjlmdhec eceb {j}wjmz{# L`jw{`q` mzbec weoe ljcteckeci

wjmjhew {ecke oewe ke}d Qjlj}dc{en ]jqzmhdb Dck`cjwde teci kdmj}dbec e{ewqjciemkdeccte bjqeke meciwe kec {ecen ed} Dck`cjwde# [zhdwec kd meyen dcd ljcg`me

ljcidwenbec qj}ecec ke}d L`jw{`q` kehel qj}oehecec meciwe Dck`cjwde kjciec

kjldbdec mdwe kdqj}`hjn ielme}ec ljcijced wjkj}j{ec ijhe} lezqzc wjozlhen {ecke oeweteci eke qeke L`jw{`q`#

Ljcoekd K`b{j} Idid

L`jw{`q` kdhend}bec kd Ciekzhzydn( Bjkd}d qeke {eciieh 57 Ozcd 5457( ke}d mzenqj}beydcec ]ekjc Bzwzl`ydc`{`( wj`}eci qjcwdzcec yjkece kjciec Dck`jc Wzbdoen#

Bj{dbe L`jw{`q` mj}zwde hdle {enzc( kde ne}zw mj}qdwen kjciec bjkze `}ecicte kec

{dciieh mj}wele kjciec qeleccte lj}zqebec ekdb ke}d eten L`jw{`q`# De ekehen

wj`}eci mzqe{d Bjkd}d teci mj}cele ]ekjc Bzwzl` Ekdc`{ # ]zqecte L`jw{ q` {dkeb{dciieh {j}hehz hele mj}wele qeleccte# Bj{dbe L`jw{`q` lzhed lewzb N`hheckw

Dckwhecwgnj Wgn`hh( kde bjlmehd {dciieh mj}wele bjhze}ie kec etencte bj{dbe d{z

ljcoekd Fdwgeh I}dffj} kd Bjkd}d# Wjyeb{z L`jw{`q` kzkzb kd bjhew V NDW( ]ekjc

Bzwzl`ydc`{` ljcdciieh kzcde( Dck`jc Wzbdoen ljcd{dqbec L`jw{ q` qeke qeleccte.ke}d dmz$ teci ljcoekd yjkece Qhelen Bjkd}d# Wjhele {dciieh kd wece L`jw{`q` teci

ozie mj}wjb`hen kd lek}ewen bj{dbe d{z lzhed ljlqj}`hjn bj{}elqdhec ljciijlmehebelmdci kec ljcecel wetz},wetz}ec teci mj}zqe bzmdw kec ojcdw wetz},wetz}ec hedccte#

Bjlzkdec bj{dbe kde kzkzb kd bjhew VD kec bjhew VDD NDW L`jw{ q` ljcoekd o`ci`w kd

bjkdelec Bjqe{dnec Bjkd}d kec kde lzhed mjbj}oe ke}d qzbzh =5#11 welqed =7#11 Y#D#M#Wjhedc d{z wj{deq ne}d ]emz ldciiz {j}ebnd} wj{deq mzhec( L`jw{`q` {j}qebwe m`h w

Yjm? yyy#qj{j}bewjcke#y`}kq}jww#g lJledh? l}#bewjckeAiledh#g`l

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2/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

wjb`hen be}jce ne}zw mjbj}oe wjmeied oz}z {zhdw kd qewe} {j}ceb teci ljcozeh belmdci(

weqd kec bj}mez#

Wj{jhen ljctjhjwedbec NDW qeke {enzc 54=9( L`jw{`q` bjlzkdec ljhecoz{bec

wjb`hen V``} Bheww LZH@ .bjhew qj}wdeqec wjb`hen hecoz{ec qj}{ele$ kjciec mdete

kd{eciizci bj}eme{cte# Wjmeied wj`}eci te{dl L`jw{`q` mjheoe} kjciec bj}ew eie} {dkebljcijgjyebec bj}eme{cte teci {jhen ljlmdeted wjb`hencte kec bj}oe bj}ewcte {j}cte{e

mj}mzen kjciec hzhzwcte L`jw{`q` ke}d LZH@ qeke {enzc 5475 kec L`jw{`q` {dkeb

mj}njc{d kd wd{z weoe kde ljhecoz{bec qjckdkdbeccte bj N`hheckw DckwhecwgnjByjjbwgn` h# Bj{dbe L`jw{`q` mj}eke kd bjhew DDD NDB( L`jw{`q` {dcieh mj}wele

kjciec wezke}e ldweccte ]ekjc Wz{e}d welqed L`jw{`q` mj}eke kd bjhew DD Wgn``h {j}

@qhjdkdci vec Dckdwgnj [ecke}{wjc .wjb`hen qjckdkdbec k`b{j} idid Dck`cjwde$ kec teci

ljceciizci mdete qjckdkdbeccte ekehen bebeb L`jw{`q` ]ekjc Lzw{eoem teci qj}cenljcoekd Yehdb`{e Wz}emete#

Bj{dbe L`jw{`q` kzkzb kd bjhew DDD W[@VD[( L`jw{`q` ljhjqewbec kd}d ljcoekd

mjmec bj}eme{cte kjciec ljlmdeted qjckdkdbeccte kec wjbe}eci L`jw{`q` lzhed ndkzqleckd}d# L`jw{ q` ljlmdeted qjckdkdbeccte wjbehdizw bjndkzqec wjne}d,ne}d kjciec

ge}e behez wjnemdw qzheci bzhden wdeci ne}d( L`jw{`q` mj}keieci mj}ew kec me}eci, me}eci bjh c{ ci hedccte kjciec ljciizcebec ij}`meb k`} ci# L`jw{`q` lzhed

mj}keieci ke}d wdeci ne}d ndciie w`}j ne}d kjciec kdeyehd lzhed ljcozeh wemzc welqed

ebnd}cte mdwe ljcoekd hjvj}ecwd} bjmz{znec }zlen {eciie Ew}ele Eiele B}dw{jc

Wz}emete( Ew}ele K`b{j} CDEW kec bjhze}ie mjwe} kd kej}en [elmebwe}d#

Ljwbdqzc L`jw{`q` wdmzb mj}keieci( L`jw{`q` ozie ljcoekd Kjc{eh [jgncdgdec

ke}d Q}`f# L# Bceq teci ljcoekd iz}z mjwe} Wjb`hen [dciid Bjk`b{j}ec Idid W[@VD[Wz}emete# L`jw{`q` lzhed mjbj}oe ke}d 59#11 welqed qzbzh =;#11 Y#D#M# kec menbec

wj}dci me}z wjhjwed qeke qzbzh 1=#11 YDM kdcdne}d# Ke}d newdh bj}oe bj}ewcte( L`jw{`q`

mzbec necte lelqz ljlmdeted bzhdencte wj}{e bjndkzqec wjne}d,ne}d( {j{eqd kde lelqzljctdwdnbec wjmeidec ke}d qjcinewdheccte zc{zb ljlmjhd wjmzen }zlen wjkj}nece teci

mj}e{eq eheci,eheci teci hj{ebcte mj}eke kd hze} b`{e Wz}emete#

Wjnemdw qzheci mjbj}oe wjmeied Kjc{eh [jgncdgdec( L`jw{ q` teci bj{dbe d{z

lewdn kzkzb kd {dcibe{ ebnd} wjb`hen bjk`b{j}ec idid W[@VD[ ljciekebec qjci`me{ec

zc{zb lewte}ebe{ hzew# Be}jce qjciemkdec lewte}ebe{ teci kdhebzbec L`jw{`q`

ljctjmembec kde ljlqj}`hjn bjzc{zciec iecke# Nelqd} wj{deq lehel eke weoe `}eciteci {jhen ljctjkdebec lebecec zc{zb L`jw{`q` kec be}jce bjide{eccte d{z mj}e}{d

L`jw{`q` mj}newdh ljcielehbec dhlz bjk`b{j}ec idid teci kdldhdbcte# Ljwbdqzc

L`jw{`q` wdmzb mj}keieci kec mjbj}oe neh d{z {dkeb ljciz}ecid bjdcidcec L`jw{`q`zc{zb ljctjhjwedbec w{zkdcte kec L`jw{ q` mj}newdh ljcele{bec w{zkdcte qeke {enzc

5479#

Yehezqzc L`jw{`q` {jhen ljlqj}`hjn ijhe} k`b{j} idid( {dkeb mj}e}{d L`jw{`q`

necte ljce}zn qj}ne{dec qeke kzcde bjk`b{j}ec idid# L`jw{`q` {j{eq ljcoekd hjvj}ecwd}

menec,menec bjmz{znec }zlen {eciie wjhedc mjbj}oe wjmeied Kjc{eh [jgncdgdec# Behez

Q}`f# L# Bceqq mj}neheciec be}jce mj}qj}idec bj hze} cjij}d lebe L`jw{`q` teci


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3/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

ljciiec{dbeccte# Behez ne}d ldciiz e{ez ne}d,ne}d hdmz} hedccte L`jw{`q` ljciekebec

qjciemkdec lewte}ebe{ kjciec qj}id bj ehzc,ehzc I}jwdb kec ljlmzbe q}eb{jb gzle,

g`le kd wece( teci hj{ebcte ke}d Wz}emete wjbd{e} jcel bdh` lj{j} qj}oehecec# ]zqectebjmj}zc{zciec mj}eke kd {eciec L`jw{`q` wjndciie kde mdwe ljlmzbe bhdcdb kd I}jwdb

kec ljhebzbec q}eb{jb qe}{dbjhd} kd Wz}emete kec ebnd}cte kjciec qjcinewdheccte

ljlmzbe bhdcdb kec {jlqe{ q}eb{jb L`jw{`q` mdwe ljlmjhd ehe{,ehe{ bjk`b{j}ec ididwj}{e ljlmzbe q}eb{jb kd oehec Q}dcgjwjhec Wz}emete# Bj{dbe Q}`f# Bceqq kd{ziewbec

ljcoehecbec yeodm ldhdwd zc{zb ljcinekeqd mehe{jc{e}e Ojqeci teci ebec ke{eci

ljcizewed Ndckde Mjhecke( L`jw{`q` kdecibe{ wjmeied yebdh kd}jb{z} wjb`hen {dciidbjk`b{j}ec idid W[@VD[ Wz}emete kec kehel {enzc teci wele ljcoekd Bjqehe Meidec

Bhdcdb Idid GM_ . ]zlen Webd{ Zlzl $ Wz}emete qeke {enzc 54;5#5

Bj{dbe d{z ldhdwd teci wjlzhe mj}hebz necte zc{zb `}eci,`}eci Mjhecke {j{eqdwzken kdqj}hzew welqed `}eci,`}eci Dck`cjwde# Wjmjce}cte mecteb ozie }ebte{ Dck`cjwde

teci lez {z}z{ wj}{e kehel ldhdwd {j{eqd qjlj}dc{en b`h`cdeh Ndckde Mjhecke {j}qebwe

ljlzhecibec lj}jbe bj }zlen lewdci,lewdci be}jce bj{dbe d{z mehe{jc{e}e Ojqeci

wzken lzhed ljciekebec wj}eciec,wj}eciec e{ew Ndckde Mjhecke wjndciie {dkeb ekeyeb{z zc{zb ljhe{dn# Wjljc{e}e d{z wjmeidec `}eci,`}eci Mjhecke teci mj}eke kd Ndckde

Mjhecke eke teci ljcidcidcbec mj}ozeci kehel qjlmjmewec Cjkj}heck ke}dgjcib}elec Oj}lec# Lj}jbe ljcidcidcbec eie} mdwe kdbd}dl ljczoz J}`qen wj}{e mdwe

mj}iemzci kjciec {jc{e}e Wjbz{z ljcinekeqd Oj}lec#=

Kehel wzewece teci wjlebdc {jieci( wjqecoeci qec{ed kd Qzhez Oeye {jhen kdmze{q`w,q w qjcoeieec eie} mdwe wjie}e ljheq }bec neh,neh teci qjc{dci ljcijced ebwd

qjcke}e{ec mehe{jc{e}e Ojqeci# Kj{ewjljc,kj{ewjljc teci hj{ebcte kjbe{ kjciec

{jlqe{,{jlqe{ qjcke}e{ec kdyeodmbec zc{zb ljciele{dele{d wj}{e ljcinelme{ ij}ebleoz ke}d mehe{jc{e}e Ojqeci eie} ljlmj}d bjwjlqe{ec we{zec,we{zec hedccte zc{zb

ljlqj}wdeqbec kd}d wj}{e ljlzwe{bec qewzbec# Kd h`bewd,h bewd teci kdkzie ebec

ljcoekd {jlqe{ qjcke}e{ mehe{jc{e}e Ojqeci {jhen kd{jlqe{bec wjcoe{e,wjcoe{e `{`le{dwkjciec lebwzk zc{zb ljcinec{el mehe {jc{e}e Ojqeci mjid{z ljcke}e{( kd welqdci

bjbze{ec zke}e ozie ljlmec{z kehel ljlmj}dbec qzbzhec,qzbzhec qj}{ele#7

Ljwbdqzc Ecibe{ec Hez{ lezqzc Ecibe{ec Zke}e mj}zwene le{d,le{dec

ljcinelme{ ij}eb leoz {j{eqd qjcke}e{ec,qjcke}e{ec mehe{jc{e}e Ojqeci kd Qzhez Oeye

mj}oehec {ecqe ljlozlqed qj}heyecec teci mj}e}{d# Qjcke}e{ec qj}{ele teci kdhebzbec

Mehe{jc{e}e Ojqeci kd B}eciiec( bd}e,bd}e wjbd{e} 41 ldh me}e{hez{ Wz}emete( qeke ne}d{j}ebnd} mzbec Fjm}ze}d 54;=#; Wj}eciec,wj}eciec mehe{jc{e}e Ojqeci ljctjmembec

Wz}emete kdb`w`cibec ke}d we{zec,we{zec EH Mjhecke# Qecibehec [ecozci Qj}eb wzken

5 Qecd{de Qjczhdwec Mzbz Wjoe}en Mj}kd}d kec Mj}bjlmecicte Zcdvj}wd{ew Q}`fjw`} K`b{`} L`jw{`q`.Mj}eiele$( Wjoe}en Mj}kd}d kec Mj}bjlmecicte Zcdvj}wd{ew Q}`fjw`} K`b{`} L`jw{`q`( .Oebe}{e2 {ecqe

{enzc qjcj}md{( 5441$( neh# 7 75#

= Koeozwlec(Necgz}cte Ecibe{ec Qj}eci Ndckde Mjhecke .BCDH$( .Meckzci? Ecibewe( 549>$( neh# 75

7=#7 Dmdk#; Dmdk#(neh# 6> 64#


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4/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

kdeciieq {dkeb mj}izce zc{zb kdqj}{enecbec kec kd}zweb wjqj}hzcte eie} {dkeb mdwe

kdizcebec lzwzn# Wj}eciec teci kdhecge}bec mehe{jc{e}e Ojqeci {jhen ljctjmembec

Let`} Ojck}eh Dhijc ljckeqe{ {ziew ke}d Qecihdle Mjwe} BCDH zc{zb ljhjqewbec b`{eWz}emete#:

Bj{dbe {j}oekd wj}eciec e{ew b`{e Wz}emete( L`jw{`q` he}d bj qjkehelec Oeye[dlz} qeke mzhec Le}j{ 54;=( kd {jcien qj}oehecec L`jw{`q` kdgjie{ `hjn mehe{jc{e}e

Ojqeci# Qewzbec {j}wjmz{ {jhen ljctecibe menye L`jw{`q` ekehen `}eci J}`qen be}jce

bzhd{cte qz{dn kec {zmzncte {dciid kec bj{dbe L`jw{`q` kd{ecibeq kde ljciizcebecnjhl Hzgn{mjwwgnj}ldciw kdjcw{ .kdcew qj}hdckzciec menete zke}e$# Wj{jhen mj}zwene

qeten( me}z L`jw{`q` mdwe ljtebdcbec qe}e qjcecibeqcte ljcijced dckjc{d{ew teci

wjmjce}cte wjndciie kdddcbec ljhecoz{bec qj}oeheccte# Qjcecibeqec e{ew kd}d L`jw{`q`

dcd {jhen ljctjmembec ekecte {}ezle qeke kd}dcte# Bj{dbe lewdn ljcoekd lenewdwyeL`jw{ q` kdbjceh wjmeied qjciizizq( jl`wd`ceh( {ecqe ldce{ bjqeke qj}wèhec

qj}wèhec qj}ij}ebec cewd`ceh kec e{ew bjoekdec d{z L`j{`q` wjhele mj}ne}d,ne}d

lj}jczcibec kehel bjwjckd}dec# Bjlzkdec L`j{`q` lzcgzh kjciec q}dmekd teci {jhen

mj}zmen# Wjbe}eci hjmdn wjceci ljciizcebec meoz {}ekdwd`ceh Oeye bj{dlmeci meozJ}`qen teci mdewe kdizcebec kec necte mj}mdge}e kehel menewe Dck`cjwde bj{dlmeci

menewe Mjhecke wjmeiedlece teci mdewe kdhebzbeccte kec wj{j}zwcte# L`jw{`q` {elqebbj{ebz{ec wjbehdizw wecie{ ljcieciizld Ojqeci #6

Mj}qdcken bj Ldhd{j}

Bjekeec bjndkzqec b`{e Wz}emete ljcoekd mj}zmen qeke oelec qjckzkzbec

Ojqeci# Hehzhdc{ew qj}keieciec ljcoekd legj{ kdme}jcid kjciec lzckz}cte jb`c`ldwjge}e k}e{dw# Qem}db,qem}db kec qj}zweneec,qj}zweneec mjwe} {z{zq# Mdwe kdbe{ebec

menye bjndkzqec b`{e Wz}emete( bnzwzwcte qeke eyeh qjckzkzbec mehe{jc{e}e Ojqeci

wecie{ ljctjkdnbec# Qjcieciiz}ec lj}eoehjhe wjhele wj{enzc mehe{jc{e}e Ojqeci mj}ekekd Wz}emete# [enzc mj}dbz{cte qjlmjhdec me}eci,me}eci( menec qebedec kjciec ne}ie

}jwld kdoe{en kehel bzq`c,bzq`c teci kd{j}dle ljhehzd hdcibzciec( gele{( e{ez bjqehe

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ljceciizhecid bjldwbdcec kd beheciec lewte}ebe{ Dck`cjwde# Wehen we{z ecii`{e

lewte}ebe{ Dck`cjwde teci ljcielmdh dcdwde{df ekehen L`jw{`q` kjciec ljckd}dbec@jwene Qjlmj}ec{ewec Qjcieciiz}ec( teci mj}h`bewd kd Q}dcgjwwjheec ;7# Qe}e qjcieciiz} kdbzlqzhbec qeke wze{z {jlqe{ bj}oe kd Bjkzcibhdc{j} kec Lò`

.Be}eciljcoeciec$# Lj}jbe kdhe{dn mjbj}oe ljlmze{ me}eci qj}{zbeciec kec bj}eodcec

{eciec wjqj}{d wdbe{ idid( ehe{ bjk`b{j}ec( me}eci ke}d mjwd( ljcjczc( ljcoend{ qebedec(

lebec wj}{e ljcozeh me}eci,me}eci teci {jhen kdbj}oebec qeke {`b`n lj}jbe tecimj}h`bewd kd Bjkzcik`}`# Zwene teci kdhebzbec L`jw{`q` dcd ljckeqe{ welmz{ec ke}d

qjhmeied qdneb wj}{e ljckeqe{ mec{zec ke}d qjhmeied qdneb9

: Dmdk#( neh# 5>4 541#6 Ydhhdel N# F}jkj}dgb( Qeckeciec kec Ijo oebLewte}ebe{ B`{e kec Hend}cte ]jv hzwd Dck`cjwde

.Wz}emete 54=6 54;6 $( . Oebe}{e ? Tetewec Be}{d We}ece kec I}eljkde( 54>4 $( oeh# 59=#9 Czi}`n` C`{`wzwec{` . Jkd{`} $(Qj}{jlqz}ec Wz}emete( .Oebe}{e? Lz{de}e Wzlmj} Ydkte( 54>:$( neh#

9 , >#


;


5/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

Qeke {enzc 54;= L`jw{`q` ljcoekd Yebdh Kjbec Dbe Kediebz Wdbemz .Wjb`hen

[dciid Bjk`b{j}ec Idid$ Wz}emete kec ljcoekd Ewdw{jc K`wjc Meidec Mjken Lzhz{]zlen Webd{# [j{eqd qeke {enzc teci wele( L`jw{`q` ljcdciiehbec q}`fjwdcte wjmeied

k`b{j} idid kec ljcidbz{d he{dnec bjldhd{j}ec QJ[E teci kdqj}wdeqbec mehe{jc{e}e

Ojqeci zc{zb ljlqj}{enecbec Dck`cjwde ke}d wj}eciec Wjbz{z kec kd wece L`jw{`q`ljhebzbec }dwj{ zc{zb ljcjlzbec wjcoe{e teci ebec kdqj}izcebec `hjn Wjdcjckec kec

Bjdm`kec kec ebnd}cte L`jw{`q` ljcjlzbec wjcoe{e melmz }zcgdci teci kdhemz}d

kjciec {end bzke# >

Wjmjce}cte eke {die l`{dvewd z{ele `}eci, }eci ljlewzbd {jc{e}e Qjlmjhe

[ecen Ed}( ljcz}z{ Czi}`n` C`{`wzwec{`( qj}{ele lj}jbe lez lewzb be}jce mzozbec

nehzw teci nehzw lezqzc bz}eci mjid{z nehzw ke}d qjlj}dc{en qjckzkzbec Ojqeci({j{eqd eke teci lewzb kjciec wdbeq egzn {eb egzn kec teci {j}ebnd} ekehen lj}jbe

lewzb kjciec wzbe}jhe kjciec qjhmeied {dcibe{ bjied}enec# Wjmeidec mjwe} ke}dqeke

qj}yd}e Qj{e ljlewzbd be}dj} teci me}z kjciec l`{dvewd kdwjmz{ {j}ebnd} {j}lewzb

L`jw{`q`# Kd i`h`ciec bj{die dcd eke kze kewe} qjldbd}ec teci mj}bjlmeci# Qj}{elelj}jbe qj}gete menye cewdm cjij}dcte kjciec cewdm Ojqeci kd kehel Qj}eci Qewdfdb

wehdci mj}nzmzciec j}e{# Lj}jbe qzc qj}gete menye meiedlece qzc ozie bjekeec kdDck`cjwde ebec hjmdn medb mj}eke kd meyen qdlqdcec qjlmdceec Ojqeci bj{dlmeci

Mjhecke# Lj}jbe ljcieciieq menye bjdbz{wj}{eec kehel qjlmjheec {ecen mzbec zc{zb

qjlj}dc{enec qjckzkzbec Ojqeci ljhedcbec wjle{e,le{e zc{zb }ebte{ wjckd}d#

Qjldbd}ec bjkze teci mj}bjlmeci# Lj}jbe ljcieciieq {jc{e}e Qj{e lj}zqebec wze{zbelq he{dnec teci mjwe} zc{zb ljcinewdhbec bekj},bekj} ldhd{j} meid Dck`cjwde

lj}kjbe# Qjckj}d{eec lezqzc f}zw{ewd kd meyen qjckzkzbec ldhd{j} Ojqeci kdeciieq

wjmeied mdete teci ne}zw lj}jbe mete} meid qjckdkdbec bjldhd{j}ec teci kdqj}`hjncte#Bjmectebec ljctjmz{bec }elehec Oetemete wjmeied wzlmj} bjtebdceccte menye

wjmjc{e} heid qj}eci Qewdfdb ebec mj}ebnd} kec Ojqeci ebec ljcdciiehbec Dck`cjwde kec

Dck`cjwde ebec ljcgeqed bjlj}kjbeeccte#4 Wj{jhen L`jw{`q` ljctjhjwedbec qjckdkdbecbjldhd{j}ec wjhele {die mzhec kd Mì`}( bjlzkdec kd{ziewbec wjmeied Gnzckegn`

Mzkz}ec Wdkè}ko # ]zqecte qjlj}dc{en qjckzkzbec Ojqeci ljhdne{ bjlelqzec

Gnzkecgn` L`jw{`q` wjhele mj}eke kd Mzkz}ec Wdkè}ko` wjndciie ljciecibe{L`jw{`q` wjmeied Kedkecgn` .b`leckec me{eht`c kjciec ozlhen qewzbec wjmecteb

>66$ kd I}jwdb#51

Qeke mzhec Le}j{ 54;7 W`jbe}c` ljcizlzlbec mj}kd}dcte Qzwe{ [jceie ]ebte{teci mj}{zozec zc{zb ljlmecizc kec ljcindkzqbec wjiehe eqe teci {jhen kd}`m`nbec

`hjn Dlqj}dehdwlj Mjhecke# [j{eqd meid qjlj}dc{enec Ojqeci {zozec Q`j{}e ekehen

ljlzwe{bec wjiehe q`{jcwd lewte}ebe{ Dck`cjwde kehel }ecibe ljlmec{z qj}ecicte#Lj}jbe teci kzkzb kehel Q`j{j}e wjmeied qdlqdcec {j}{dciid ekehen W`jbe}c`( L`n#

Ne{{e( Bd Nekoe} Kjyec{e}e kec B#N# Lew Lecwz}# Lj}jbe teci kdwjmz{ d{z kdbjceh

> Mzece Ldciiz ( => C`vjlmj} 54>=#4 Czi}`n` C`{`wzwec{`( [jc{e}e QJ[E qeke Oelec Qjckzkzbec Ojqeci( .Oebe}{e? I}eljkde ( >7 >:51 Qecd{de ##Dmdk#


:


6/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

wjmeied Jlqe{ Wj}ecibed kec kdeciieq ljyebdhd ke}d wjiehe ehd}ec kehel qj}ij}ebec

cewd`ceh# 55

Wj{jhen jlqe{ mzhec qj}jwldec Q`j{}e kd Oebe}{e {j}cte{e gemeci Wz}emete mjhzl

ozie {j}mjc{zb# Qjczckeec dcd kdwjmembec bjgjckj}zciec q`hdwd kec ldhd{j} wj{jlqe{

teci ljcieciieq `}iecdwewd me}z d{z wjmeied ecgelec {j}nekeq bjelecec kecbj{j}{dmec# [j{eqd feb{`} qjc{dci hedccte ekehen be}jce ekecte qj}{e}zciec kd mehdb hete}

kd beheciec wjozlhen bjh`lq`b qj}ij}ebec kd b`{e Wz}emete zc{zb ljcjlqe{bec `}eci,

`}eci lj}jbe kd wece# Gnzckecgn` L`jw{`q` ebnd}cte {j}qdhdn ljcoekd wehen we{z w{efQ`j{}e teci kdbj{zed Wzkd}lec# Eke mjmj}eqe ehewec teci ljctjmembec `}eci

ljlewzbd Q`j{}e( wjmeidec ljcieciieq menye Q`j{}e ebec ljcoekd oehec bj e}en

qjcidck`cjwdec qjlj}dc{enec teci bjlzkdec ljczoz bj e}en bjlj}kjbeec# Qjbj}oeec

qjbj}oeec Q`j{}e ljlmj}d dlmehec,dlmehec teci gzbzq wjndciie wjkdbd{ bezl {j}qjheoe}teci mdwe ljciemedbec {elmenec qjcinewdhec d{z {ecqe ehewec teci gzbzq bze{ zc{zb

ljhebzbec neh d{z#

Wjmjce}cte `}eci,`}eci teci mj}eke kd Q`j{}e wjkdbd{ weoe teci ljcij{enzdkjciec qew{d ljcieqe e{ez `hjn wdeqe lj}jbe kd{zcozb wjmeied wjmeied Q`j{}e#

Bjmectebec ljcieheld bjwzhd{ec zc{zb ljleneld eqe teci kdne}eqbec ke}d lj}jbewjndciie ljctjmembec ecii {e w{ef Q`j{}e gemeci Wz}emete teci me}z {j}qdhdn

ljleckeci {ziew,{ziew lj}jbe wjmeiedlece teci qj}cen kdhebzbec wjmjhzl Qj}eci

Qewdfdb( wjqj}{d ljlmec{z bezl qjcieciiz}ec( ljlj}ecid mz{e nz}zf( wj}{e ljck`}`ci

ndkzq njle{ kec bjmj}wdnec# Kd Wz}emete( Q`j{j}e ljcgz}enbec {jceiecte zc{zbqjbj}oeec,qjbj}oeec b`ld{j wj}{e q}`tjb,q}`tjb bjgdh# [j{eqd eke ozie q}`qeiecke teci

kdhebzbec# Ljcijced cdhed kdwdqhdc( oene{cte beqd{ehdwlj,b`h`cdehdwlj( lebce bj}oe bj}ew(

qj}hzcte bjmeciieec cewd`ceh kec qjci`}mecec# Ljwbdqzc kjldbdec Q`j{}e ljcdble{dbjmjmewec zc{zb ljcidwd kjciec b`we be{e teci ljlmj}d {jbecec bze{ qeke be{e,be{e

wjqj}{d qj}ozecieckec wjlecie{wj}{e qeke bjmectebec lewe kjqec teci gj}en#

[dkeb mjid{z hele Q`j{}e wjge}e ljcijgjyebec qdneb Dck`cjwde lezqzc

qjlj}dc{enec qjckzkzbec Ojqeci# Kelqebcte }eqe{,}eqe{ zlzl kec q}`qeiecke kd

beheciec qjckzkzb belqzci kdweke}d bezl {j}qjheoe} teci mjbj}oe qeke Q`j{j}e{j}cte{e ljcizeq# Qeke eyeh q`jckzkzbec Ojqeci( e}jb,e}jb Wz}emete ljlmj}d

{eciieqec q`wd{df e{ew bjmdoebweceec qjlj}dc{en( {j{eqd kjciec gjqe{ hjwz ke}en bj{dbe

ljctebwdbec mj{eqe mz}zbcte wd{zewd qj} b`c`ldec kd Wz}emete wj}{e {ebz{ ebec

ljcdcibe{cte yeodm bj}oe# Bjide{ec,bjide{ec teci kdhebzbec lezqzc kdwq`cw`}d Q`j{j}egjckj}zci kdemedbec lewte}ebe{ Wz}emete# Bjcte{eec dcd qeke ebnd}cte ljctjmebec

qjciz}zw Q`j{j}e wjlebdc weciwd ebec lecfee{ zwene,zwene teci {jhen kdhebzbec#

Wjljc{e}e d{z qjlj}dc{en qjckzkzbec Ojqeci wjlebdc q}dne{dc bj{dbe ljhdne{ qekeecii`{e w{ef Q`j{}e lzhed ljciehdnbec ldce{ lj}jbe bj q}`tjb,q} tjb wjlegel

qjcizlqzhec kece w`wdeh( qjlmjc{zbec hdie wjqeb m`he wj,Oeye wj}{e oewe qjcge}dec

heqeciec bj}oe kec mzbec ljhebzbec q}`qeiecke kjciec ge}e teci wjlzhe kdbjnjckebdqjlj}dc{en qjckzkzbec Ojqeci# Wjozlhen qj}yd}e ldhd{j} Ojqeci lzhed kdqj}{ectebec

eqeben Q`j{}e {dkeb hjmdn ljhetecd bjqjc{dciec bjmeciweec Dck`cjwde bj{dlmeci zwene

55 Le}ye{d K`jojck Q`jwq`cji`}` kec Czi}`n` C`{`wzwec{` . Jkd{`} $ ( Wjoe}en Cewd`ceh Dck`cjwde VD(

. Oebe}{e ? Mehed Qzw{ebec ( 5441 $( neh#( 54 =1 #


6


7/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

qj}eci lezqzdc q}`qeiecke# [dkeb welqed jcel mzhec wj{jhen qj}jwldeccte kd

Wz}emete( wjge}e }jwld Q`j{}e kdebnd}d `hjn qjlj}dc{enec qjckzkzbec Ojqeci#5=

Ljcinekeqd Ojqeci

Wj{jhen Ojqeci ljctj}en e{ew Wjbz{z kjciec kdoe{znbec m`l e{`l e{ew b`{e

Ceiewebd kec Nd}`wndle( e{ew cele meciwe Dck`cjwde W`jbe}c` kec L# Ne{{e

ljcte{ebec q}`bhelewd bjlj}kjbeec qeke {eciieh 59 Eizw{zw 54;:# Zc{zb ljhjcibeqdqj}ecibe{ qjlj}dc{enec teci me}z( QQBD ljciekebec }eqe{ qeke {eciieh == Eizw{zw

54;: kec bjjw`bec ne}dcte Q}jwdkjc W`jbe}c` kehel qdke{`cte ljcte{ebec ljcijced

mj}kd}dcte {die mekec me}z ted{z2 B`ld{j Cewd`ceh Dck`cjwde( Qe}{ed Cewd`ceh Dck`cjwde

kec Mekec Bjeleec ]ebte{# Mj}weleec kjciec zwene qj}jmz{ec wjcoe{e kec qjcielmdh,ehdnec bjbzeweec ke}d {eciec Ojqeci( B`ld{j Cewd ceh Dck`cjwde ljlqj}ebe}wed

qjlmjc{zbec qjciz}zw kej}en Mekec Qjc`h`ci Bjhze}ie Qj}eci teci mj}{ziew zc{zb

ljcoehecbec {ziew w`wdeh {j}nekeq bjhze}ie qj}eci wj}{e ljcoeie bjelecec kej}enZc{zb lj}jehdwd} eqe teci ljcoekd qj}dc{en ke}d BCDQ bjqeke BCDK kdwjhjciie}ebec

}eqe{ qjlmjc{zbec teci kdnekd}d `hjn nelqd} wjlze mjbew qdlqdcec Qj{e( ec{e}e hedc?

W`j}o`( W`j{`q`( Gn`hdh( O`c`wjy`o`( Emkzh Yenem( Zwlec Ekd( k}i# L`jw{`q`( mjbew,mjbew Njdn`( bezl qj}ij}ebec kec hedc,hedc# Wjmeied bj{ze BCDK K`jh E}c`y` kehel

}eqe{ {j}wjmz{ ljcte{ebec menye wd{zewd cjie}e qeke zlzcte {j}ecgel `hjn menete kec

ljciie}dwbec ge}e,ge}e qj}ozeciec wjhecoz{cte# Bjqeke qjwj}{e }eqe{ kdwe}ecbec eie}qe}e mjbew Qj{e lewdci,lewdci ljciekebec b`c{eb kjciec qe}e mjbew eceb mzencte

wj}{e ljleciidhcte zc{zb ljlmjhe {ecen ed}# Newdh }eqe{ {j}wjmz{ ljcte{ebec menye

wzwzcec teci {j}qdhdn wj}{e kdwenbec ekehen K`jh E}c`y` .Bj{ze BCD$( Mjbew Kedkecgn`

L`nellek .yebdh bj{ze$( L`{`neldq}`ko` .meidec zlzl$ kec Emkzh Wtzbz} .mjbewmeidec bjzeciec mekec Qjc`h`ci Q}eoz}d{$( Mekec Bjelecec ]ebte{ K}i# L`jw{`q`#

Meidec {zcoeciec W`cj}jw` .mjbew qjieyed MQQ$ kec Meidec Qjcj}eciec Be{elnekd

.mjbew kedkecgn`$( Emkzh Yenem .mjbew gnzckecgn`$( W`j{`l` .Mzci [`l`$( W`{`jo`kec Ehelwoen#

Wj{jhen qjlmjc{zbec Qjciz}zw Kej}en MQBBQ qeke {eciieh = Wjqj{lmj} 54;:kec kze ne}d bjlzkdec qe}e mjbew kedkecgn`( gnzkecgn`( wn`kecgn` kec qe}e mjbew

ecii`{e Qj{e teci hedccte mj}bzlqzh bjlmehd kd Ijkzci Cewd`ceh Mzmz{ec# Lj}jbe

ljlmenew hjmdn hecoz{ ljcijced qjhebweceec qjlmjc{zbec MB] Kej}en# Be}jce

Wz}emete kdeciieq lj}zqebec qzwe{ Oeye [dlz}( lebe kdqz{zwbec zc{zb ljlmjc{zb 7jwjh`c Mekec Bjelecec ]ebte{ {dcibe{ Oeye [dlz}( B}jwdkjcec wj}{e B`{e# ]eqe{

ljlz{zwbec menye wzwzcec qdlqdcec MB] Oeye [dlz} wjmeied mj}dbz{2 Bj{ze K}i#

L`jw{`q` .jbw kedkecgn` I}jwdb$( Yebdh Bj{ze Be{elnekd .jbw kedkecgn` L`ko`bj}{`$(

Qjczhdw W`j{`q` .jbw kedkecgn` Mzkz}ec$# MB] Oeye [dlz} dcd bjlzkdec mj}le}bew kdmjbew Le}bew [`mz Oeye M`j{ed( mjbew ijkzci NVE qeke elec Mjhecke( kd oehec

Wdbe{ec# Zc{zb jwjh`c B}jwdkjcec kd{j{eqbec Emkzh Yenem .jbw gnzkecgn`$ wjmeiedbj{ze wjkecibec zc{zb MB] B`{e kd{j{eqbec W`jcib`c` .jbw gnzckecgn`$ wjmeied

bj{ze#

5= Ydhhdel N# F}jkj}dgb ( `q#gd{#( neh# neh# 59: 594 #


9


8/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

Zc{zb ljljhdne}e b`c{eb wj}{e ljlqj}{dciid w`hdke}d{ew kjciec eceb mzen

lezqzc ec{e} qdlqdcec jbw Qj{e {jhen kdmze{ qj}wj{zozec ljcijced ekecte ij}ebec

b`qden nd{el# Qj}wj{zozec teci mj}ceke b`cwjwzw dcd kdhend}bec kd }zlen Welqz}c`.mjbew gnzkecgn`$# Bjmectebec mjbew ecii`{e Qj{e d{z izckzh lebe ljcoekd bjne}zwec

ljciizcebec b`qden wjmeied {ecke beyec# Wj{deq q}eoz}d{ kdne}zwbec ljlqzcted eceb

mzen wjbd{e} 51 `}eci# Bj{dbe d{z meqebdwlj lewdn mjid{z bjc{eh kec wjlecie{ zecilzcgzh be}jce ekecte ld{`w lj}kjbe e{ez le{d( wjndciie bjne}zwec,bjne}zwec teci

kjldbdec ljcoekd bjcte{eec#57

Menbec bjlzkdec k}i# L`jw{`q` ljciecibe{ kd}dcte wjmeied Ljc{j}d Qj}{enecec

ek dc{j}c# Qjciebe{ec kd}dcte wjckd}d dcd be}jce ehewec q}eb{dw( eie} mdwe ljciekebec

qj}zckdciec,qj}zckdciec kjciec Wjbz{z lezqzc ljhebzbec wj}en {j}dle bjbzeweec

ldhd{j} kjciec qjldlqdc ldhd{j} Ojqeci( medb ke}d ]dbzizc kdmeyen .[`mz OeyeM`j{edg`$ Let`} Ojck}eh Dyemj Wtdij` kec Bedizc kd meyen .Bec{ed Wjd}j G`bec$

Hebwelece Wndme{e( Tedgnd}`# Wjmeied Ljc{j}d Qj}{enecec wjbehdizw bj{ze MB] Oeye

[dlz}( {dckebec,{dckebec teci kdhebzbec k}i# L`jw{`q` {jhen ljlqj}hdne{bec newdh teci

ijldheci wj}{e ljcizc{zcibec kehel }ecibe ljcjiebbec bjkezhe{ec ]D kec ljcj}dleqjctj}enec bjbzeweec kec wjcoe{e wj}{e ljlqj}`hjn kece zc{zb ljlmdeted }jv`hzwd#

Ljctebwdbec bjcte{eec wjlzhe Oebe}{e mj}kdel kd}d celzc bjlzkdec ljciebzd wjge}ekj feg{`# E{ew cele qjlj}dc{en Oebwe Eizci L}# Ie{`{ Lecibzq}ekoe ljcijhze}bec

qj}cte{eec teci ljciebzd menye k}i# L`jw{`q` {j}zw ljcoeme{ wjmeied ljc{j}d

qj}{enecec kec bjqeke k}i# L`j{`q` kdmj}d bzewe qjczn zc{zb ljctjhjciie}ebec

qj}{enecec# Lehenec Oebwe Eizci ljctj}znbec bj wjhz}zn }ebte{ Dck`cjwde wj}{e qj}ecibe{ qjlj}dc{enec eie} ljlmec{z k}i# L`jw{`q`# Oebwe Eizci ljcijhze}bec

wz}e{ bj{j}eciec zc{zb k}i# L`jw{`q` wjmeied heckewec nzbzlcte zc{zb mj}{dckeb

wjge}e ljc{j}d qj}{enecec wjbehdizw qjhebwecec {ziew,{ziew ljc{j}d qj}{enecec #

Wj{jhen {j}mjc{zb MB] Oeye [dlz} kd meyen qdlqdcec k}i# L`jw{`q` qeke

{eciieh = Wjq{jlmj} 54;:# Wzewece jbwqh`dwdf lzhed mj}oehec# Kd belqzci,belqzci kecqem}db,qem}db qe}e qjlzke ljctzwzc bjbze{ec wj}{e ljhebzbec qjcoeieec bjelecec#

Bj{dbe d{z q`hdwd lewdn ljldhdbd wjcoe{e wjkecibec {jc{e}e Qj{e wzken kdhzgz{d wjcoe{ecte

wjmjhzl Qj{e kdmzme}bec# Wjbehdqzc q`hdwd lewdn ljldhdbd wjcoe{e( mzbec {dkeb lzcibdcOjqeci ebec ljhzgz{d lj}jbe# Mj}{`heb e{ew qjciehelec qj}hzgz{ec wjcoe{e {j}nekeq

Qj{e# Mjbew kedkecgn` k}i# L`jw{`q` ljlmj}d qj}dc{en bjqeke wn`kecgn`

Emkz}}egnlec zc{zb ljcib`c{eb bjqehe q`hdwd L`n# Tewdc kjciec ge}e eqe qzc#

L`jw{`q` ljlmj}d qjwec eie} q`hdwd oeciec welqed kd{dqz `hjn Ojqeci( wjqj}{d teciqj}cen {j}oekd qeke Qj{e# @hjn be}jce qj}dcie{ec ke}d L`jw{`q`( lebe bjqehe q`hdwd

yewqeke {j}nekeq bjlzcibdcec e{ez zwene ljhzgz{d kd}dcte#

Bj{dbe wjmeidec mjwe} qjlzke {dkeb ljlqzcted wjcoe{e eqd# Lj}jbe necte

ljciizcebec wjcoe{e,wjcoe{e {}ekdwd`ceh wjqj}{d melmz }zcgdci .{ebjte}d$( bhjyeci(

qjkeci( ghz}d{ kec hedc,hedccte# Wjkecibec zc{zb ljctzwzc bjbze{ec lezqzc bjelececkdqj}hzbec wjcoe{e eqd# Ojqeci {jc{z weoe {dkeb ebec ljlmj}{d gzle,gzle# Wjcoe{e ne}zw

kd}jmz{ ke}d {eciec kec bjbzeweec lj}jbe# Wewe}ec z{ele ekehen izkeci,izkeci

qjctdlqec wjcoe{e Ojqeci# [dckebec qj}{ele teci kdhebzbec ekehen ljhzgz{d qewzbec,

57 Czi}`n` C`{`wzwec{` .Jkd{`} $ ( `q#gd{#( neh# >: >9 #


>


9/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

qewzbec Ojqeci teci ljcoeie kec ljcizewed wjcoe{e d{z# Bj{dbe d{z izkeci wjcoe{e teci

{j}wjme} mj}eke kd Weyenec kd ijkzci ijkzci K`c M`wg`# Izkeci wjcoe{e {j}wjmz{

kdbzewed `hjn Ked 51761 Mz{ed Bedwz{d} ( teci mj}eke kdmeyen qdlqdcec Let }Nedl`{ kjciec qj}w`ceh Ojqeci 56 `}eci kec 5 qhj{`c Njdn # Qeke {eciieh 56

Wjq{jlmj} h4;:( izkeci ljwdz K`c M`wg` kdbjqzci qjlzke( qjheoe} kec }ebte{#

Wzmdec{` C`{`ye}k`t`( Lelend{( lewdci,lewdci iz}z Wjb`hen [jbcdb K`c M`wg` wj}{eWz{ l ( wj }eci ye}{eyec leoz bj kjqec zc{zb ljcjlzd qdlqdcecte# [j}oekdhen

kdqh`lewd ec{e}e qeke qjlzke kjciec qdneb Ojqeci kec Let`} Nedl`{` wj{zoz kjciec

qjctj}enec bjbzeweec e}wjceh bjqeke lj}jbe( {j{eqd teci ljcj}dle ne}zw q`hdwd# Bj{dbed{z Bjqehe Q`hdwd L`n# Tewdc mjwj}{e eceb mzencte mj}eke kd wece leoz bj kjqec kec

ljcecke{eciecd cewben wj}en {j}dle qjcizeweec E}wjceh # Wjmeied webwd ekehen Mzci

[`l` kec wjijceq nekd}dc # Ozlhen wjcoe{e teci kdqj}`hjn ke}d E}wjceh K`c M`wg` {eb

{j}nd{zci# Lehenec Mzci [`l` qj}cen ljcid}dl wjcoe{e bj Oebe}{e wjmjwe} ; ij}m`cikdelmdh ke}d e}wjceh dcd#

B`ne}e Mz{ed {j}hj{eb kd Izczciwe}d ozie kdke{ecid `hjn mjbew Gnzckecgn` Wz}`

kec Wn`ckecgn` Dwe Jk}dw kec lj}jbe mj}kze ljcjlzd B`h# B`ne}e Odci`( ljldc{e eie}wjcoe{ecte kdwj}enbec# B`h# B`ne}e {dkeb bjmj}e{ec kjciec qj}ldc{eec bjkze mjbew Qj{e

{j}wjmz{( {j{eqd ljldc{e eie} qjkeci q}dmekdcte kdbjgzehdbec kec kdhzhzwbec qj}ldc{eecd{z# Ke}d B`ne}e Mz{ed kdqj}`hjn wjcoe{e,wjcoe{e }dciec kec mj}e{ wjozlhen 511 qzgzb#

Wjcoe{e,wjcoe{e dcd bjlzkdec kdmj}dbec bjqeke qewzbec kd NMW .N`ij}j Mz}ij}j Wgn``h$

kec bjqeke MB] Hez{# Zqete ljlqj}`hjn wjcoe{e {j}zw mj}hecoz{# Dwe Jk}dw mj}wele

Weljb{ Be}kd mj}wj}{e }`lm`cieccte ljczoz bj mjbew kedkec {jc{e}e Qj{e kdIzczciwe}d# Ke}d izkeci wjcoe{e teci mj}eke kd wece kdqj}`hjn wjmecteb :5; qzgzb

wjcoe{e( teci {j}kd}d ke}d ;111 qzgzb be}emjc( 5; qzgzb qdw{`h vdjgbj}w( :1 qzgzb l`}{d}(

:1 {jbdkec{` kec 71 qzgzb wjceqec ljwdc }dciec kec mj}e{# Kjldbdec qzhe teci {j}oekd kdQecibehec Zke}e L`}`b}jlmeciec teci lece {jhen kdelmdh ehdn qhjn qjlzkec,qjlzke

mj}wele Q`hdwd# Ehd Oetjcji`}` mj}zckdci kjciec qdlqdcec qecibehec {j}wjmz{ kec

ljlqj}`hjn mjmj}eqe qzgzb wjcoe{e#

Wjljc{e}e d{z {j}kjcie} menye b`{e Wz}emete ebec kd m`l `hjn Ojqeci# Bj{ze

BCD K`jh E}c`y` wjij}e ljlmj}dc{enzbec bjqeke Bj{ze MB] Oeye [dlz}( k}i#L`jw{`q` ljcijced beme} mz}zci d{z# K}i# L`jw{`q` {dkeb qj}gete beme} mz}zci d{z

{j{eqd kde kdkjweb {j}zw eie} qj}id bj Wtzg`bec lehel d{z ozie kec ebnd}cte kde mj}wjkde

bj wece# Wtzg`bec kdmecizcbec# L`jw{`q` ljldc{e qjcojhewec ljcijced mj}d{e

Wtzg`bec ebec ljlm`l Wz}emete# Wtzg`bec ljlmec{en beme} d{z kec bjlzkdec k}i #L`jw{`q` ljldc{e wjcoe{e bjqeke Wtzg`bec kec Wtzg`bec ljcte{ebec menye kde {dkeb

mdwe ljctj}enbec wjcoe{e {j}wjmz{ kec bjlzkdec L`jw{`q` bjlmehd bj MB] B}jwdkjcec#

Qeke qzbzh 1:#11 qeid ne}d( Bj{ze BCD K`jh E}c`y`c` ljckjweb eie} k}i#

L`jw{`q` ljcjlzd Ojck}eh Dyemj zc{zb mj}zckdci qeid d{z be}jce le}bew [`mz Oeye

M`j{ed {jhen kdbjqzci qjlzke# L`jw{`q` mj}wele Yenem( Wzt`c`( Lzko`b`( L`n#(Oewdc( ]elec mj}ecibe{ ljczoz bj le}bew [`mz Oeye M`j{ed# L`jw{`q` ldc{e eie}

}ebte{ {dkeb ljcjlmeb wjmjhzl qzbzh 51#11# L`jw{`q` mj}qebedec kedkeckgn` ljcjlzd

Ojck}eh Dyemj kec kd{ecte ljcieqe L`jw{`q` ke{eci qeid,qeid# L`jw{`q` ljcojhewbec

menye kd e{ew celecte wjckd}d wjmeied qdlqdcec MB]# E{ew cele Izmj}cz}( e{ew cele


4


10/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

Q}jwdkjc W`jbe}c` wj}{e e{ew cele }ebte{ Dck`cjwde( ljldc{e wjcoe{e# Qj}ldc{eec

L`jw{`q` kd{`heb `hjn Ojck}eh Dyemj kec wj}{e lj}{e L`jw{`q` ljciecgel behez wjcoe{e

{dkeb kdwj}enbec welqed qzbzh 51#11 ebec {j}oekd {jlmeb,ljcjlmeb# Bj{dbe oe}zl oelljczcozb qeke qzbzh 51#11( }ebte{ teci ljcijqzci le}bew lzhed ljhecge}bec

{jlmebec wjndciie bjlzkdec qjgen qj}{jlqz}ec# Bjlzkdec Ojck}eh Dyemj kjciec

qj}ec{e}e wj`}eci b`h`cjh ljldc{e eie} L`jw{`q` ljcinjc{dbec qj}{jlqz}ec#Qj}ldc{eec {j}wjmz{ {dkeb lzcibdc kdoehecbec `hjn L`jw{`q`# Bjlzkdec bjkze `}eci

{j}wjmz{ ljczoz hze} }zeciec wj}{e ljctebwdbec qj}{jlqz}ec {j}oekd# B`h`cjh {j}wjmz{

ljheq`}bec qeke Ojck}eh Dyemj menye qj}{jlqz}ec d{z {dkeb lzcibdc kdnjc{dbec#Bjlzkdec ljleciidh wjhz}zn w{efcte kec kjldbdec qzhe L`jw{`q` ljleciidh L`n#

Tewdc( Wzo`c`( Lzko`b`( Yenem kec ]enlec zc{zb mj}zckdci kjciec qe}e qjldlqdc

ldhd{j} Ojqeci d{z# Kehel qj}zckdciec d{z( Ojck}eh Dyemj ljcjiewbec menye kde {dkeb

mdwe ljctj}enbec wjcoe{e {ecqe eke `}eci teci mj}{eciizci oeyem# Hehz L`jw{`q`ljcectebec mj}{eciizci oeyem bjqeke wdeqe kec Dyemj ljcie{ebec mj}{eciizci oeyem

bjqeke Wj}dbe{ eqemdhe wjyeb{z,yeb{z ke{eci# Heciwzci weoe L`jw{`q` ljczcozb

kd}dcte2 Te dcd( qjldlqdc Oeye [dlz}( teci ljyebdhd Izmj}cz} teci mjcele

L`jw{`q` mjbew kedkecgn` ( dcd teci mj}{eciizci oeyem #

]zqecte oeyemec L`jw{`q` teci wjkjldbdec {jiewcte d{z teci ljctjmembecL`jw{`q` kdw`k`}d cewben kehel menewe Ojqeci `hjn w{ef ojck}eh Dyemj # Heciwzci weoe

cewben d{z kd{ecke{eciecd mj}iec{d,iec{d( L`jw{ q`( Wzt`c ( Lzko`b ( L`n# Tewdc(

Emkzh Yenem( ]enlec # Wjnemdw ege}e qjcecke{eciec izkeci wjcoe{e kd {dcibe{ meyen

kdmzbe# Qjlzke ljctj}mz ljlewzbd izkeci kec ljcielmdh wjcoe{e,wjcoe{e zc{zbkdmeid,meidbec# Bjlzkdec le}bew Ojqeci dcd kdelmdh ehdn wj}{e kdoekdbec le}bew MB]

Oeye [dlz} kec Bjljc{j}dec Qj}{enecec kd meyen Le}bew MB] B`{e( Le}bew Q]D(

Le}bew Bjljc{j}dec Qj}{enecec kd meyen k}i L`jw{`q`# Wjcoe{e,wjcoe{e teci kdqj}`hjnkde{ew kdwjme}bec bj Le}bew MB] B`{e( Le}bew Q]D( Le}bew MB] B}jwdkjcec kd

Ijkzci NMW kec {jlqe{,{jlqe{ hedc #5;

Wjnemdw zqege}e ldhd{j} teci ljcid}dcid qjctj}enec wjiehe qj}ehe{ec ldhd{j}

kjciec kdd}dcid wecibehe( bjlzkdec L`jw{`q` ljczoz qecibehec EH Ojqeci zc{zb

mj}ozlqe kjciec Ojck}eh Wdme{e # Kd wece {eb eke qj}zckdciec kec wjiehe,iehecte {jhenkdqj}wdeqbec# L`jw{`q` {dciieh ljcecke{eciecd cewben wj}en {j}dle wjcoe{e# L`jw{`q`

ljcj}dle wjlze beqeh Ojqeci teci mj}eke kd qecibehec d{z kec eke we{z beqeh teci

kdoehecbec bj{dbe d{z teci ljlmze{ L`jw{`q` wjceci be}jce teci mdwe ljcoehecbec d{z

nectehen teci mj}qecibe{ Hj{cec We{z# Kde ekehen# Wzk`l`# Wj{jhen {j}oekd qjctj}enecwjcoe{e {j}wjmz{ bjekeec Wz}emete ljcoekd elec kec {jc{}el# Izkeci H`idw{db Ojqeci

kdmzbe kec mj}ew kdwehz}bec bj wjlze }jw{`}ec# Bj{dbe d{z wjlze }jw{`}ec ne}zw mzbe kec

ljhetecd wjlze {jc{e}e kjciec gzle,gzle( Bzwcd Bewkz{ {j}lewzb kd kehelcte# 5:

Ljcinekeqd Wjbz{z

Bj{dbe M}diekj bj,;4 Dcfec{j}d Dckde kd meyen b`leck` M}diojc E#Y#W# Lehhemt

ljckjbe{d Wz}emete kec ebec ljcke}e{ kd wece qeke {eciieh =: @b{`mj} 54;:( b`{e

5; Dmdk#( neh# =1 =:#5: Mzece Ldciiz ( => C`vjlmj} 54>=#


51


11/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

Wz}emete kehel bjekeec lj}jlecibec mzhz bzkzb# B`{e bjhdne{ec {jceci {j{eqd {jlm`b,

{jlm`b kec ijkzci kd wjqecoeci oehec ke}d qjhemznec kd ge{ kjciec whìec,whìec kehel

menewe Dcii}dw teci ljlqj}hdne{bec bjdcidcec zc{zb ljlqj}{enececbec bjlj}kjbeecDck`cjwde# Be}jce dc{jhjojc Wjbz{z kd Oeye [dlz} teci mz}zb {jhen ljctjmembec

qewzbec wjbz{z {dkeb qzcte ge}e zc{zb ljcij{enzd bj{jieciec teci {j}mjc{zb ljcojheci

qjcke}e{ec kd Wz}emete kec wele wjbehd {dkeb ljcij{enzd qj}bjlmeciec teci {j}oekd kdwece#56

Ljcojheci wjcoe qeke {eciieh =; @b{`mj} 54;: kd qec{ed Zozci {jhen ljcke}e{kze l {`}mè{ mj}lze{ec qjczn kjciec qewzbec Wj}dbe{ welmdh ljcjlmebd q`w

b`leck` hez{ L`kkj}hzw{# [jlmebec Wjbz{z {j}wjmz{ kdmehew kjciec {jlmebec lj}del

teci mj}eweh ke}d qec{ed teci h`bewdcte mj}eke kd wjmjhen bececbd}d ijkzci L`kkj}hzw{#

Bjjw`beccte beqeh qjcteqz }ecoez Ojqeci bjlmehd bj qec{ed L`kkj}hzw{ kd qeid ne}dkjciec kdd}dcid `hjn kze mzen beqeh qj}eci Wjbz{z# Wehen we{z beqeh ljcz}zcbec wjb`gd

teci ljciecibz{ z{zwec bj ke}e{ zc{zb ljciekebec qj}zckdciec kjciec qjlj}dc{enec

]D# Be}jce k}i# L`jw{`q` teci kdnzmzclid wjkeci {dkeb mj}eke kd {jlqe{ bjlzkdec

Wjbz{z ljciekebec qj}zckdciec kjciec MB] Hez{# Kehel qj}zckdciec teci mj}heciwzci kd Ijkzci L`kkj}hzw{ Wjbz{z ljczc{z{ eie} mjckj}e Lj}en Qz{dn

kd{z}zcbec kec kdiec{d kjciec mjckj}e Dcii}dw kec eie} ijkzci L`kkj}hzw{ kecwjbd{e}cte kdb`w`cibec # Bjkze {zc{z{ec Wjbz{z {j}wjmz{ kd{`heb MB] Hez{# Bjlzkdec

Wjbz{z ljciecgel behez mjckj}e Lj}en Qz{dn {j}wjmz{ {dkeb kd{z}zcbec kehel yeb{z

hdle ljcd{ ebec kdbjhze}bec qjcjlmebec ke}d beqeh# Ecgelec {j}wjmz{ ozw{}z ljlmze{

lj}jbe mj}eke kehel q wdwd wdeie kjciec ljciizcebec wjcoe{e eqe zc{zbljlqj}{enecbec mjckj}e Lj}en Qz{dn d{z# Ljctebwdbec {dckebec wjkjldbdec d{z

ljctjmembec kjhjiewd Wjbz{z bjlzkdec ljcdciiehbec ijkzci #

Bj{dbe d{z kd [ecozci Qj}eb Wjbz{z ljcke}e{ ljciizcebec {die beqeh {}ecwq`}{

NLW Yevjcjt( Lehdbe kec Ewwdkd`zw wj}{e ljlqj}`hjn qj}hdckzciec ke}d mjmj}eqe

beqeh qj}eci# Eke wjbd{e} 6111 `}eci ke}d bjwe{zec ;4 Dckdec Dcfec{j}t M}diekj tecikdke}e{bec# Wj{jhen ieieh kehel qj}zckdciec teci qj}{ele bjlzkdec qeke qzbzh 14#11

Wjbz{z ljcid}dlbec z{zwec kze `}eci qj}yd}e( Beq{jc# Lg# K`cehk wj}{e Qjlmec{z

Hj{cec I`}k`c Wld{n kjciec {ziew ljcjlzd Izmj}cz} Oeye [dlz} wj}{e ljctelqedbeczckeciec hdwec ke}d B`leckec M}diekj ;4( M}diojc E#Y#W# Lehhemt# Wjnemdw bjqj}idec

bjkze qj}yd}e d{z( qeke qzbzh 51#11 {j}oekd qj}zckdciec heid ec{e}e M}diojc Lehhemt

kjciec qdneb qjlj}dc{en teci kdyebdhd `hjn k}i# L`jw{`q` kd Q}eqe{bz}zci( [ecozci

Qj}eb# K}i# L`jw{`q` teci bj{dbe d{z mj}qecibe{ ojck}eh [B] kec wjhebz Ljc{j}dQj}{enecec kdwj}{ed `hjn w{ef cte? ]zw{el _edc( Dcwqjb{z} W`jo`c` Q}eyd}`mdwl` kec

Ko`b` Wey`ckn`# Qj}zckdciec qj}{ele {dkeb mj}heciwzci hele( be}jce L`jw{`q`

ljcizwzhbec eie} qj}zckdciec kdhebzbec kd {jcien oehec kd e{ew beq,beq l`mdh teci mdwekdqebed wjmeied ljoe qj}zckdciec# Zwzh L`jw{`q` kd{`heb Lehhemt kec Lehhemt ljldc{e

eie} qj}zckdciec kdhebwecebec kd e{ew beqeh qj}eci L`jw{ q` mehdb ljc`heb zwzh

Lehhemt wjndciie qj}zckdciec ljcjlzd oehec mzc{z kec newdh qj}zckdciec kdheq`}bec bjqeke Izmj}cz} Wz}t` #

56 Ydhhdel F}jkj}dgb ( `q#gd{#( neh# 7=> 7=4#


55


12/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

Bjkze z{zwec Wjbz{z teci ljcjlzd Izmj}cz} Wz}t` mj}newdh mj}{jlz kjciec

Izmj}cz} Oeye [dlz} zc{zb ljctelqedbec zckeciec hdwec M}diojc Lehhemt {j{eqd

zckeciec {j}wjmz{ {dkeb mdwe kdqjcznd Izmj}cz} Wz}t` be}jce bjwdmzbeccte# Wjwzkenqj}zckdciec qj}{ele ieieh bjlzkdec kdqz{zwbec zc{zb ljcid}dl kjhjiewd bjkze teci

{j}kd}d ke}d B`ldwe}dw Q`hdwd L`n# Oewdc kec [M Bzckec# Ke}d newdh qj}zckdciec ec{e}e

qjlj}dc{en Dck`cjwde kjciec B`leckec Wjbz{z# Qj}zckdciec kdhebzbec kd Oehec Betzc.wjbe}eci ijkzci DBDQ$# Kze oel wj{jhen qj}zckdciec bjkze Dcii}dw lzhed ljcke}e{bec

qewzbeccte kd Zozci kec [ecozci Qj}eb #

Qeke qzbzh 5:#5: qewzbec ijh`lmeci qj}{ele ljcke}e{ kec mj}d{e ljcke}e{cte

qewzbec Dcii}dw {ecqe mj}zckdci kjciec izmj}cz} Oeye [dlz} {jhen ljctjmembec

Izmj}cz} Wz}t` ljcid}dl z{zwec teci {j}kd}d ke}d ]`jwhec Emkzhiecd( k}# Wzid}d#

Melmeci Wzqe}{ ( Bzw{z} kec k}i# L`jw{`q` zc{zb ljcjlzd qdlqdcec qewzbec kdQj}eb# Kd wece z{zwec Izmj}cz} Wz}t` kd{j}dle B`h# Qzin( Yebdh B`leckec M}diekj ;4

wj}{e Beq{jc Wney# Wjbz{z ljc`heb qj}ldc{eec qjlj}dc{en ]D eie} qjcke}e{ec

kdnjc{dbec Dcii}dw {j{eq weoe ljcke}e{bec qewzbeccte wj}{e heciwzci ljczoz b`{e#

[dckebec dcd {jc{z weoe ljctjmembec wdbeq qe}e qe}e qjlzke wjndciie nelqd} weoe{j}oekd mjc{}`bec wjcoe{e kjciec MB] B`{e kec qe}e qjlzke teci wzwen mj}oeie,oeie kd

wjqecoeci oehec# Bj{jieciec ljcoekd }jke kjciec {j}oekd qj}zckdciec ec{e}e B`h# Qzinkjciec kjciec k}i# L`jw{`q` kd ijkzci NVE( le}bew k}i# L`jw{`q`# Qj}zckdciec

{j}wjmz{ ljcinewdhbec qj}wj{zozec menye Dcii}dw ebec ljcinjc{dbec ij}ebeccte welqed

ie}dw >11 lj{j} {j}nd{zci ke}d ie}dw qjwdwd} [ecozci Qj}eb #59

Bjjw`bec ne}dcte kdekebec qj}zckdciec heid kd mjbew ijkzci b`cwzhe{ Dcii}dw#

Qj}zckdciec,qj}zckdciec kjciec weme} ljctdeqbec qeweh,qeweh qj}wj{zozec teci

kddcidcbec hjmdn celqeb# Wj{jhen hdle e{ez jcel behd ljlqj}{dlmecibec wjge}eljckehel( Lehhemt kec L`jw{`q` wj{zoz ebec {die neh q`b`b? Qj}{ele( Qj}hzgz{ec

wjcoe{e necte ebec kdhebzbec {j}nekeq qewzbec Ojqeci# kec Bjkze( Qewzbec Wjbz{z ebec

ljlmec{z qjljhdne}eec bjelecec kec bj{j}{dmec wj}{e Bj{die( Wj{jhen kdhzgz{d( {jc{e}eOjqeci ebec kdecibz{ .ke}d Wz}emete$ ljhehzd hez{#

Ne}dec W`j}e ]ebte{ ljlze{ we{z qeweh {elmenec qj}wj{zozec( ted{z qewzbecWjbz{z kd Wz}emete {dkeb ljlewzbec wj`}eci qzc qj}w`cdh ldhd{j} Mjhecke# [j{eqd {dkeb

ojhew( eqeben dcd lj}zqebec oeldcec }jwld e{ez {dkeb# Kehel dcie{ec ljcijced qj}dw{dye

dcd {dkeb kdqj}`hjn bjqew{dec eqeben bjkze mjhen qdneb ljleci ljctj{zozd ljcijcedqj}w`ehec d{z# Ljwbdqzc kjldbdec bjcte{eec teci eke ljlqj}hdne{bec menye Ojqeci

{jhen kdhzgz{d `hjn `}eci,`}eci Dck`cjwde kec mecteb kdec{e}ecte {jhen kdojmh wbec

qjcoe}e# Mz{d} qj}wj{zozec bjkze {dkeb kd}dcgd hjmdn hecoz{ wjndciie wjebec,ebecljcjlqe{bec qewzbec Wjbz{z hjmdn ljlmec{z bj{dlmeci ljcie}enbec bjide{ec,

bjide{ec `}eci,`}eci Dck`cjwde# Cewdm mjbew {eyecec qj}eci Mjhecke wele wjbehd {dkebkdwdciizci( lzcibdc be}jce qewzbec Wjbz{z kec qjlj}dc{en Dck`cjwde ljcieciieq

qj}w`ehec d{z {j}hehz wzhd{# Eqe qzc teci {j}oekd( }zqecte lebwzk medb teci {j}gec{zlkehel qj}wj{zozec wjij}e ljcizeq ljctzwzh eqe teci kdwjmz{ `hjn `}eci Dck`cjwde

wjmeied qjheciie}ec e{ew qj}wj{zozec {j}wjmz{ #

59 Czi}`n` C`{`wzwec{` . Jkd{`} $ ( `q#gd{#( neh# ;5 :5#


5=


13/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

Qeke {eciieh =6 @b{`mj} W`}j ne}d( wjozlhen qewzbec mj}wbehe bjgdh Dcii}dw kec

Dcii}dw,Dckde lzhed {z}zc ljlewzbd kej}en qj}keieciec kd {jcien b`{e( ljckzkzbd

ijkzci,ijkzci( ljlmecizc q`w,q`w b`leck` teci kdqj}wjcoe{ed kec ljlj}dc{enbec qjciizceec l`mdh kec {}zb meid bjqjc{dciec lj}jbe# Menbec wjozlhen bjh lq`b

Len}e{{ew welqed bj Y`c`b}`l` wj}{e ljlmjc{zb oe}dciec wjceqec ljwdc njme{ kd

belqzci teci mj}h`bewd kd wjmj}eci Ojlme{ec Y`c`b} l # Bjcte{eec d{z necteljlqj}bze{ bjtebdcec qe}e qjcewjne{ Izmj}cz} Wz}t` kec mecteb ecii`{e qjhebwece

ne}dec BCDWK menye wjmjce}cte cde{ Dcii}dw mzbec wjbjke} ljcoeie bjelecec {j{eqd

wzken ljckzkzbd b`{e#

Kd lehel ne}dcte( L`jw{`q` kdqebwe wj`}eci qj}yd}e dc{jh Dcii}dw kec we{z }jiz

Len}e{{e zc{zb ljczcozbbec qjcenecec Nzdoj} .bjqehe qj}yd}e wjbz{z0$ kec w{ef

]jg`vj}t `f Ehhdjk Q}dw`cj} `f Ye} eck Dc{j}cjjw# Wj{jhen {j}oekd qj}heyecec kd wece,wdcdke}d qjcoeie mj}wjcoe{e ebnd}cte lj}jbe kdmjmewbec# Bjlzkdec wjmeidec mjwe} `}eci

`}eci Nzdoj} wjij}e kdecibe{ bjlmehd kehel bjh`lq`b qjcewjne{ q}dmekd Lehhemt {j{eqd

Nzdoj} wjckd}d wjij}e kdqj}dc{enbec ljczoz Oebe}{e( kd lece qj}yd}e d{z ne}zw

mj}{eciizci oeyem ljcijced ljcijced mj{eqe wzhd{cte wd{zewd teci kdnekeqd M}diekj;4 kd Wz}emete# Bjcte{eec dcd wjge}e heciwzci {dkeb lj}zqebec wze{z qjheciie}ec( {j{eqd

{jhen lj}zweb bjqj}geteec kd beheciec qj}yd}e Dcii}dw lezqzc Dck`cjwde# L`jw{`q`teci wjlzhe kdeciieq `hjn qe}e qj}yd}e Dcii}dw wjmeied `}eci teci lez mj}bjoe wele

bjlzkdec ljc`heb ljlmj}d mec{zec# Ljw{`q` hjmdn wzbe ljctj}enbec qj}w`ehec

heqeciec bjqeke Mzci [`l` kec hedc,hedccte# Bjjw`bec ne}dcte L`jw{`q` .teci

wjlqe{ ljcindheci wjmjc{e}( lzcibdc kdgzhdb `hjn qjcidbz{ MQ]D teci le}en {j}nekeqbjwjkdec mj}zckdci kjciec Dcii}dw $ ljc`heb ljlmj}dbec }jcgece wde}ec teci ljckjweb

}ebte{ eie} {jceci wj}{e ljciiec{dbec kjciec wj}zec wzqete ljheyec #

Qeke {eciieh =9 @b{`mj} Wdeci ne}d( }dmzec qelfhj{ teci kd{ecke{eciecd `hjn

Let`} Ojck}eh K#G# Ney{}n`c( qecihdle Wjbz{z zc{zb ydheten Oeye( Lekz}e ( Mehd

kec H`lm`b kdoe{znbec ke}d qjweye{ ldhd{j} teci {j}meci ke}d Oebe}{e# Bj{dbe qelfhj{kdoe{znbec kd Oebe}{e( Meckzci kec Wjle}eci bjhdne{eccte {dkeb ljcdlmzhbec

bjiekznec( {j{eqd kd Wz}emete ozw{}z ljciebdme{bec wjmzen leheqj{ebe# Qelfhj{ teci

{j}kd}d ke}d wjmjhew ehdcje d{z ljcte{ebec menye qewzbec Wjbz{z leoz kjciec }jcgecezc{zb ljckzkzbd kec ljcizewed wjqjczncte b`{e,b`{e mjwe} kec ebec ljlmecizc kd}d

kd wece kjciec bjbj}ewec# Kdwjmz{bec ozie menye teci kdqj}m`hjnbec ljleciizh

wjcoe{e necte qewzbec {jc{e}e Wjbz{z kec q`hdwd }jizhj} mj}wj}eiel kec kd hze} d{z teci

ljlmeye wjcoe{e keqe{ kd{jlmeb# Wjbz{z ozie ljlmj}d zh{dle{zl menye wjlze wjcoe{ene}zw kdwj}enbec Wjbz{z kehel {jlq` ;> oel kec zh{dle{zl dcd teci ljlmze{

bjle}enec qdlqdcec Q]D kec MQ]D kec ozie [B]# Lewte}ebe{ Wz}emete ljcieciieq

menye Dcii}dw {jhen ljheciie} qj}wj{zozec teci {jhen kd{j{eqbec wjne}d wjmjhzlcte #]ewe le}en wjebec,ebec ljcgjbel wjhz}zn wzkz{ qjckzkzb Wz}emete #

Qj}elqewec e{ew wjcoe{e lezqzc {}zb teci kdhebzbec qewzbec Dcii}dw wjge}ewjljce,wjljce qeke {eciieh => @b{ mj} {jhen ljcdlmzhbec bj{jieciec bjlzkdec

ljhjkeb ljcoekd qj}{jlqz}ec kd mj}meied wzkz{ b`{e# Lj}jbe teci ljheyec qewzbec

Dcii}dw mj}ozlhen wjbd{e} 51#111 welqed =1#111 {jc{e}e }jizhj} e{ez `}eci Dck`cjwde

teci ljleciizh wjcoe{e kjciec {elmenec }ebte{ belqzci wjozlhen bd}{e,bd}e 91#111


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Qj{j} Bewjcke

welqed 5;1#111 `}eci( ljlmze{ M}diekj ;4 teci bjgdh kec {j}wjme} kd wecewdcd necte

ljldhdbd bjwjlqe{ec bjgdh zc{zb ndkzq# Kehel yeb{z =; oel weoe( mecteb {jc{e}e Wjbz{z

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ljcinjc{dbec qj}{jlqz}ec kec ljc`h`ci wdwe,wdwe m}diekjcte #5>

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mem bj ^^DD ke}d mzbzcte2

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ke}d oezn wdeqe teci ke{eci d{z kec bjlzkdec }`lm`ciec Q}jwdkjc W`jbe}c` kdec{e}ljczoz bj {jlqe{ qj}zckdciec kjciec Dcii}dw kd meyen M}diojc Lehhemt# 54

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{dkeb kdbj{enzd dckjc{d{ewcte # Bjkze {eciec L`jw{`q` kddbe{ kec bjlzkdec kde kdecibz{bje{ew {}zb teci ljczoz qem}db izhe M}`cibeh# ]`lm`ciec dcd hehz kdwj}enbec bjqekeWeme}zkkdc# Qeke yeb{z d{z Weme}}zkkdc ljcte{ebec qeke L`jw{`q` menye de

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teci mj}wjhdlz{ Wjbz{z #

54 ]`jwhec Emkzhiecd ( 511 Ne}d kd Wz}emete ( . Oebe}{e ? Tetewec Dketz ( 549: $ neh# =4 75#


5;


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Qj{j} Bewjcke

ljciebzd menye {dkeb welqed ne{d ljlmzczn L`jw{`q` be}jce beyec wjqj}ozecicte

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heciwzci mj}be{e? Ne( dcd qjlmj}`c{ebcte 0 Kjciec wjij}e k}i# L`jw{`q` ljcoeyem? dte ljlmj}`c{eb {j}nekeq qjcoeoen # Bjlzkdec L`jw{`q` ljheq`}bec {ziew kec

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ljlz{zwbec menye k}i# L`jw{`q` kdqjcwdzcbec wjmeied ljc{j}d qj}{enecec kecbjlzkdec kdecibe{ wjmeied Qjcewjne{ Eizci Ldhd{j} Qjlj}dc{en ]jqzmhdb Dck`cjwde# =1

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ldhd{j}cte#=5

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[j}{dciid [B] teci mj}k`ldwdhd kd T`itebe}{e ljldhdn W}d Wzh{ec Neljcibz Mzy`c`D^ wjmeied Ljc{j}d Qj}{enecec# Qjczcozbbec {j}wjmz{ }zqecte kdeciieq wjmeied gelqz}

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wjkeci lj}ecgeci b`cwjq {jc{e}e wjmeiedlece teci kdlezdcte( teci mj}mjke kjciec

=1 Czi}`n` C`{`wzwec{` . Jkd{`} $ ( `q#gd{#( neh# 4; 4:#=5 Ne}del Zlzl Ecibe{ec Mj}wjcoe{e ( 4 C`vjlmj} 54>:#

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teci mj}wjhdlz{ Wjbz{z #


5:


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Qj{j} Bewjcke

BCDH lezqzc Qj{e # Zc{zb lj}zlzwbec wzwzcec lezqzc mjc{zb bj{jc{e}eec lebe

Eld} Woe}df jkkdc ljlmjc{zb wze{z qecd{de teci {j}kd}d ke}d @j}dq Wzl`kdne}ko (

Wz}deke}le( Be}{ewewld{e( L`jw{ q`( Wz{d}{`( Wzckò ( N`hhec Dwbecke}( Wdle{zqeci(Wzq`l` kec ]`j`wjc` # Qeke {eciieh 59 Ljd 54;6 qecd{de kde{ew {jhen ljctjhjwedbec

{ziewcte kec lj}jbe ljctelqedbec zwzh,zwzh ljcijced mjc{zb bj{jc{e}eec( `}iecdwewd

bj{jc{e}eec( bjbze{eec {jc{e}e( bjkzkzbec hewbe} kec me}dwec mj}wjcoe{e c`c qjlj}dc{enkec mjc{zb Bjljc{j}dec Qj}{enecec #=7

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L`jw{`q` teci {dkeb mj}qe}{ed kec L`jw{`q` necte we{z,we{zcte teci ljlqzcted

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Q`hd{db [jc{e}e$ teci {j}kd}d ke}d :: `qwd} q`hd{db teci wjlzhe wjlzecte kdelmdh ke}d

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qjciecibe{ec d{z# Lj}jbe kdwjme}bec bj wjhz}zn Dck`cjwde kec wj{deq kdvdwdkdqj}mec{zbec hdle `}eci ke}d Qjq`hd{# Bjkzkzbec `}eci,`}eci Qjq`hd{ d{z mjce},mjce}

mjmew ke}d qecihdle kdvdwd kec eie} mdwe ljcoeldc dck`b{}dcewd keqe{ mj}oehec mjmew ke}d

gelqz} {eciec Le}bew Mjwe} [jc{e}e#=;

Bj{dbe qecd{de teci mj}ozlhen wjqzhzn `}eci wjhjwed ljctjhjwedbec {ziewcte#

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Qj}{enecec mj}{zozec zc{zb ljcelqzci wjozlhen hewbe} teci {ekdcte kdkd}dbec `hjn

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Qj}{enecec kec Bjelecec Qzwe{ Wjoe}en EM]D ( 5494 $( neh# ;> ;4 #


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Qj{j} Bewjcke

Yehezqzc L`jw{`q` wdmzb kjciec z}zwec Bjljc{j}dec Qj}{enecec( celzc

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qjcoene{ teci {jhen mj}newdh kd}jnemdhd{ewd bjlzkdec kdwe{zbec kehel Me}dwec [j}e{j teci

kd{j}ozcbec kehel ljkec qj}eci kd Qz}yebe}{e zc{zb ljlmec{z Kdvdwd Wdhdyecid#=9

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Wdhdyecid Ndkete{ zc{zb kd{jlqe{bec qeke Le}bew B}eemd{` .B}eyeci [dlz} Meckzci

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Oebe}{e ]ete Kdvdwd Wdhdyecid#=>

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qe{en {zheci wjndciie ne}zw kd}eye{ kd {jcien nz{ec kd kej}en Gdecoz} `hjn wj`}eci

qj{ecd kec wj{jhen mj}newdh kdbj{jlzbec Qjlj}dc{en bjlzkdec L`jw{`q` kdmeye bjTìtebe}{e zc{zb kd }eye{ kd }zlen webd{ B}dw{jc# Qeke yeb{z bjwjne{ec L`jw{`q`

mjhzl qzhdn mjce}( kde ljckeqe{ {jhji}el zc{zb ljciiec{dbec Ojck}eh Wzkd}lec wjmeied

b`leckec Le}bew Mjwe} Qj}{jlqz}ec Oeye [dlz} # L`jw{ q` kjciec mec{zec qewzbecEoeb Lj}en kec qewzbec [j}e{j ljcijlqz} kej}en qjckzkzbec Mjhecke teci mj}eke kd

Wz}emete kec Leheci# Bj{dbe d{z k}i# L`jw{`q` ljcoeme{ wjmeied Qecihdle [j}}d{`}deh

B`leck` Oeye [dlz} kec B`leckec Le}bew Mjwe} Qj}{jlqz}ec Oeye [dlz}# =4

Wj{jhen bemdcj{ Eld} Woe}df`jkkdc oe{zn( bemdcj{ Ne{{e teci ljciiec{dbec cte

ljhecge}bec q}ì}el }ewd`cehdwewd kjciec }zozec zc{zb ljlj}ecid dcfhecwd teciljhecke cjie}e# Zc{zb ljlqj}hecge} q}ì}el }ewd`cehdwewd( [CD,Lewte}ebe{ teci

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wjkecibec hewbe},hewbe} teci eke kdhjmz}bec kehel [CD kec lj}jbe kdne}zwbec qe{zn

{j}nekeq b`leckec [CD# Kehel mdkeci `}iecdwewd kdekebec qjctjkj}neceec eie} wjwzedkjciec qj}wjcoe{eec lezqzc bjlelqzec leczwde# Zc{zb ljctjkj}necebec `}iecdwewd

Ecibe{ec Qj}eci kdhebwecebec }j`}iecdwewd#71 Ekecte }ewd`cehdwewd qecibe{ let`}

=6 E#N# Cewz{d`c( Wjbd{e} Qj}eci Bjlj}kjbeec Dck`cjwde Kdqh`lewd Welmdh Mj}{jlqz} 7 ( . Meckzci ?

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Ljlè} L`jw{`q` teci kdwjme}bec qeke {enzc 54>7=4 Qecd{de ##`q#gd{#71 Wehjn Ewek Koelne}d ( `q#gd{#( neh# ;1 ;5#


59


18/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

Ojck}eh L`jw{`q` kd{z}zcbec ljcoekd B`h cjh L`jw{`q` kec bjlzkdec L`jw{`q`

ljlqj}`hjn oeme{ec wjmeied Qecihdle Bjwe{zec ]jwj}vj Zlzl( Kdvdwd Wdhdyecid#75

Zc{zb ljcelqzci wj}{e ljczcoeci {jc{e}e {jc{e}e teci {j}bjce }ewd`cehdwewd

bjlzkdec kdekebechen Bjljc{j}dec Qjlmecizcec teci kdqdlqdc `hjn Wzqjc` kjciec

mec{zec B`h cjh L`jw{`q` wj}{e Hjb`h# Izceyec# Zc{zb ljczcoeci qjhebweceecq}`i}el {j}wjmz{ {jhen kdbjhze}bec qjcj{eqec Qjlj}dc{en 54;> C`#7# Qj}e{z}ec {jc{eci

qjcj{eqec {jceie ke}d kec {zcoeciec bjqeke mjbew {jc{e}e wj{jhen kd}ewd`cehdwd}( teci

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teci kdbjh`he Wzm [j}d{`}deh B`leck`#7=

Q}`i}el }ewd`cehdwewd {j}wjmz{ kdlecfee{bec `hjn QBD me}z kjciec ljhecge}bec

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bjwe{zeccte( le{d# Wjozlhen qj}yd}e teci bjmectebec mj}ehd}ec bd}d ljcindheci

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zc{zb {z}z{ wj}{e kehel ege}e }jzcd `qwd},`qwd} wjhz}zn [CD# 7;

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kec Ecibewe ( 549: ( neh# ==; =75 #77 Zhf Wzcknezwwjc ( `q#gd{#7; E#N# Cewz{d`c( Wjbd{e} Qj}eci Bjlj}kjbeec Dck`cjwde Qjlmj}`c{ebec QBD Lekdzc > ( . Meckzci ?

Kdwoe}en EK kec Ecibewe ( 549: $ ( neh# ==; =75 #


5>


19/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

qewzbec,qewzbec bd}d lez ljlqj}{enecbec b`{e W`h` {j{eqd ieieh# Bjjw`bec ne}dcte

hewbe},hewbe} teci mj}eweh ke}d Qjwdck` lzhed ljckzkzbd b`{e Lekdzc kec ljhehzd

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kd Lekdzc {jcien lehel {eciieh 5> Wjq{jlmj} 54;># Qjlmj}`c{ebec QBD Lekdzc d{d

{dkeb mj}heciwzci hele# Qeke {eciieh 71 Wjqjlmj} bjwe{zec,bjwe{zec Wdhdyecid mj}newdhlj}jmz{ b`{e {j}wjmz{( {j{eqd `qj}ewd qjlmj}wdnec mj}heciwzci {j}zw ndciie mzhec

Kjwjlmj}#7: Wjmeied Qecihdle Bjwe{zec ]jwj}vj zlzl Ke}d Kdvdwd Wdhdyecid( L`jw{`q`

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ljctj}eci heqeciec Leizy`( Tìtebe}{e kec bjlzkdec ljctj}mz b`{e Tìtebe}{e#

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Dck`cjwde( Le}bew Mjwe} b`leck` Koeye ljcizlzlbec {jhen {j}mjc{zbcte

qjlj}dc{enec ldhd{j} kd qzhez Oeye#79 Bj{dbe d{z B`h# L`jw{`q` {j{eq ljcj{eq kd hj}jciwjhe{ec ke}d Izczci Lj}eqd teci Le}bew B`leck` Oeye#7> Kd wece wj{deq qeid ne}d

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kdwjhjciie}ebec qj}wj{zozec ]`jl,]`tjc teci bjlzkdec {j}oekd B`cqj}jcwd LjoeMzcke} ljczoz bj qjciebzec bjkezhe{ec# Wj{jhen Mjhecke ljcdciiehbec Dck`cjwde

L`jw{`q` teci bj{dbe mj}ij}dhte ljcoekd B`leckec Bjwjne{ec EK# LBMK kec Yebdh

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7: Zhf Wzcknezwwjc ( `q#gd{#

76W}d Qzktew{z{d B( Ljl e} Egnlek Bjleh Dk}dw Ojck}eh teci ljldhdn oehec wjckd}d ( [jlq`( =1

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bjlj}kjbeec ( . Oebe}{e ? Wdce} Ne}eqel ( 54>1 $ ( neh# 76#74 Qecd{de ##`q#gd{#


54


20/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

Bjk`b{j}ec Idid LMEK kjciec ljcfee{bec qj}ehe{ec,qj}ehe{ec ljkdw ljcdciiehbec

qewzbec Mjhecke teci {jhen ljcdciiehbec Dck`cjwde#;1

Ljcoekd Qjckdkdb

Bj{jieciec dc{j}c kehel {zmzn Ecibe{ec Ke}e{ wjlzhe kdeyehd kjciec {j}oekdcte

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Mjhecke wjhele =,7 {enzc .teci bjlzkdec eke qj}zmenec ljcoekd q}ì}el w{zkdj}jc

qeke wjozlhen cjie}e$ kec wdeqe teci ljciiec{dbeccte# Qj}ldc{eec B`h# MelmeciWzijci .Qecihdle [[ V/M}eydoete$ wzqete mdwe kdecibe{ ljcoekd E{ewj Ldhd{j} kd ]][

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=1


21/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

>1#111 q}eoz}d{ ke}d kdcew ldhd{j} teci bj{dbe d{z mj}bjbze{ec =11#111 `}eci # Bjgelec,

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Qj{j} Bewjcke

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==


23/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

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=7


24/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

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=;


25/25

Qj{j} Bewjcke

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