hamengku buwono ix sultan yang mengabdi pada republik

7/23/2019 Hamengku Buwono IX Sultan Yang Mengabdi Pada Republik

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1



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Jblf`b oglngf }hnh fbcrhtih Ugqfb`c# phli dbfbtkh qbdhih` fb}hch }blkhth Och~bl,

Fb}`lnhjhllph `l` dbtht~` Jblf`b ~`nhf ~`liihc qh~r fg~h nblihl gthli~rhlph, Tr}hlph

fg~h phli ~btcb~hf n` }bq`q`t r~hth }rchr Khyh `~r phli dbtjhyh }hlhq frthli agagf dhi`fgln`q` e`q`flph qbj`liih dhnhllph oblkhn` frthli qbjh~, ^`nhf qho}h` qh~r ~hjrl#

Jhoblifr Dryglg U@@@ obor~rqfhl obli`tò }r~thlph dbchkht n` Dhlnrli qhkh, N`

fg~h phli n`qbdr~ ]ht`q uhl Khuh# Jblf`b oglngf }hnh fbcrhtih Nb Dtgbt, Jblf`b

qbdblhtlph qblhli ~`liihc n` fg~h phli qbkrf `~r# ~b~h}` hphjlph oblprfh` hiht }r~thlph`~r obchlkr~fhl q~rn` n` lbibt` f`la`t hli`l qhkh,

Jblf`b nblihl fhfhflph DTO ^`liiht~g *lhoh fba c nht` ]hlibthl

]thdrl`lith~) dbthlifh~ fb Lbibt Dbchlnh }hnh ~hjrl 801=, N` lbibt` F`la`t Hli`l

`~r# Jblf`b dbtqbfgchj }hnh Ipohl`qro n` Jhhtcbo nhl oglngf }hnh fbchrtih LLI

Ogrt`f Dtggfohl# n`tbf~rt Jblf`b dbtqbfgchj, Qb~bchj oblpbcbqh`fhl Ipolhq`ro >~hjrl fborn`hl# Jblf`b obohqrf` Tpfq Rlùbtq`~b ~ phli ~btcb~hf n` fg~h Cb`nbl nhl

oblihod`c krtrqhl @lngcgi`, Q~rn` ~btqbdr~ obtr}hfhl ihdrlihl nht` d`nhli jrfro nhl

bfglgo`# d`hqhlph nò`lh~` dhi` obtbfh phli hfhl ~btkrl fb nhcho d`nhli }bobt`l~hjhln` Lbnbtchln @ln`b ,

Qbdhih` ohjhq`qyh n` lbibt` f`la`t hli`l# Jblf`b oblhtrj o`lh~ ~btjhnh}fbi`h~hl fbohjhq`qyhhl, @h oblkhn` hliig~h Cb`nbl Q~rnbl~blagt}q nhl ~btc`dh~ }rch

}hnh }btfro}rchl ohjhq`qyh Ubtblìnb Ehrac~b`l# phli ohlh `h }btlhj oblkhdh~

qbdhih` fb~rh, Jblf`b }rl dbtihdrli nhcho }btfro}rchl ohjhq`qyh O`lbtuh nhl `hoblkhn` fgo`qht`q gtihl`qhq` ~btqbdr~, ]btqghchl }gc ~`f nhl bfglgo` oblht`f

}btjh~ hllph, Fb~ fh `~r Jblf`b thk l oblijhn`t` fcrd n`qfrq` nhcho c`lifrlihl

rlùbtq`~hq# phli n`}ò}`l gcbj irtr dbqht phli n`qblhli`lph ]tge, Nt, Qajt`bfb#

qbgthli phli qhlih~ }hjho h~hq Lbnbtchln @ln`b,

Fb~btc`dh~hl nhcho dbtdhih` gtihl`qhq` qbt~h hf~ù`~hqlph# tr}hlph oblnh}h~

}btjh~`hl nht` }bobt`l~hj Dbchlnh, Fb~`fh Jblf`b jhn`t qh~r fhc` nhcho th}h~ Lh~`glhhcQga`hc`q`q~aj~ Dbybi`li phli fb~`fh `~r n`fb~rh` gcbj Hl~gl Orqqbt~h, Fgl~hl }hi`lph

Jblf`b oblnh}h~ }hlii`chl nht` Fbobl~bt`hl Rtrqhl Khkhjhl *O`l`q~btb uhl Fgcgl`bl)#

obqf`}rl qbdblhtlph fbjhn`thllph n` qhlh qbfbnht `li`l oblib~hjr` qhkh, Fborn`hlJblf`b dbtjhq`c crcrq nblihl dh`f nhcho Ahln`nhh~q ‑ bzhobl }hnh ~hjrl 8019, @h


2



]b~bt Fhqblnh

obth`j `kh{hj ahln`nhh~ @lngcgi` qbj`liih n`}btdgcbjfhl obchlkr~fhl }hnh ~`lifh~

ngf~gthc,5

Lbibt` Dbchlnh oblkhn` ~hf dbi`~r hohl fb~ fh }bthli Nrl`h @@ }bahj nhl

fborlif`lhl dbqht Kbtohl hfhl oblnrnrf` lbibt` f`la`t hli`l `~r, Jhoblifr Dryglg

U@@@ abohq nblihl fbhnhhl `~r, Jhoblifr Dryglg qbibth obchphlifhl ~bcitho# hiht }r~th/}r~thlph phli qbnhli oblrl~r~ `cor n` lbibt` f`la`t hli`l qbcbfhq orlif`l }rchli

H}` }b}bthlihl ~bchj dbtfgdht nòhlh/ohlh# dhjhph }rl obli`l~h` qb~ h} qhh~ nhl

jhlph hnh qh~r fh}hc dhthli phli ohr dbthlifh~ nht` lbibt` f`la`t hli`l `~r oblrkr fb Lbnbtchln @ln`b, ]r~th/}r~th Jhoblifr Dryglg U@@@ ~hf oblp`h/lp`hfhl fbqbo}h~hl

rl~rf oblro}hli fh}hc `~r, ^b~h}` qhphlilph# ~bo}h~ phli fgqgli ~`liihc qh~r nhl

hfj`tlph ~btkhn` fbqb}hfh~hl n` hl~hth }r~th/}r~th Jhoblifr Dryglg U@@@ hiht Jblf`b

`fr~ fh}hc Nbo}g `~r nhl bo}h~ }r~th ch`llph oblprqrc, Fh}hc Nbo}g }rl hfj`tlph d`qh dbtchdrj n` nbohtih ^hlkrli ]t`gf }hnh ~hliihc 8: Gf~gdbt c010# qb~bchj obchcr` tr~b

phli dbtdbnh nht` qbobq~ lph nhl cbd`j }hlkhli rl~rf oblij`lnht dhjhph Fb~ fh

Jblf`b oblagdh obcho}`hqfhl thqh fhlibl nblihl qhrnhth/qhrnhthlph qbdhih` fhfhf

dbthn`f phli qrnhj choh ~`nhf dbt~bor ~b~h}` qhrnhth/qhrnhthlph oblijh~rtfhl qbodhj drfhl fb}hnh fhfhlnh obch`lfhl fb}hnh ]hlibthl Jhn`}h~ Hlgo Jhoblifgb Lbigtg

Qgbn`dkg Tgnkg ]g~tg Lhtblng Oh~htho# ahcgl Thkh Oh~htho, Qborh ~birt qh}hNgtgkh~rl n`khyhd nblihl dhjhqh Khyh Fthoh @lii`c# dhjhqh rl~rf }btahfh}hl nblihl

gthli phli cbd`j ~`lii` fbnrnrfhllph, N`q`l chj Ngtgkh~rl rl~rf }bt~hoh fhc lph

obthqhfhl qbqrh~r phli ~bchj dbtrdhj, @h orch` oblphnht` q`h}h n`t`lph nhcho

c`lifrlihl fbth~gl, 9

N` Jg~bc Nbq @ln`bq *f`l` }bt~gfghl Nr~h Obtc l)# Qrc~hl Lihpgiphfht~h

Jhn`l`lith~ dbqbt~h }bli`t`lilph obli`lh}, Ngtgkh~rl dbt~bor nblihl hphjlnh# phli~bchj 0 ~hjrl ~`nhf dbtqrh# nhcho qrhqhlh jhtr phli oblnhcho, Hahth fhlibl jhlph

dbtchliqrli qbchoh 1 jht`# fhtblh qrc~hl Lihpgiphfht~h Jhn`l`lith~ jhtrq oboblrj`

qbkrochj rlnhlihl# qbdhihòhlh chphflph qbgthli thkh phli dbthnh n` }rqh~ }bobt`l~hjhl, Fb~`fh hphj nblihl hlhf dbt~bor# }bodàhthhl jhlph dbtf`qht }btqghchl

fbcrhtih qhkh, Obqf`}rl nbo`f`hl hnh qh~r fbkhn`hl phli dbtht~` dhi` Ngtgkh~rl, N`

fhoht qhli dhi`lnh thkh# fbt q fphj` Khfh ] ~rtrl n`qbthjfhl nht ~hlihl Qrc~hlJhoblifr Dryglg U@@@ fb}hnh Ngtgkh~rl, ]blpbthjhl fbt`q }rqhfh `l`# dbtht~` Qrc~hl

Jhoblifr Dryglg U@@@ ~bchj oblrlkrf Ngtgkh~rl qbdhih` }r~th ohjfg~h fbth~gl

Lihpgiphfht~h Jhn`l`lith~,:

Qb~bchj }bt~borhl q`lifh~ n` Dh~hu`h# tgodglihl Jhoblifr Dryglg U@@@

fbodhc fb Pgiphfht~h nblihl fbtb~h h}` bblnhiqb *qh~r jht`) phli dbthlifh~ nht`

q~hq`rl Ihod`t, ^hf choh qb~bchj fbtb~h h}` obl`liihcfhl Dh~hu`h# qbdbcro oblah}h`

5 Frq~`l`ph~` Ogaj~ht# ‚ ]hf Qrc~hl Nht` Ohqh Fb Ohqh # – nhcho H~ohfrqrohj *bn) # ^hj~h Rl~rf Thfph~ #Khfht~h ; Ithobn`h # 80:4 # jhc, 4= ‑ 14,9 @d`n # jhc, 11 ‑ 2: nhl Qgbnht`qohl ]gbtygfgqgbog# – Nht` Abchj/Abchj D`githe` Qt` Qrc~hl Jhoblifr

Dryglg @Z *8) ‑ Fph` ]`~rtrl n` Jg~bc Nbq @lnbq #‐ Fgo}hq # 41 H}t`c 80:= ,: @d`n, Hnh ubtq` phli oblih~hfhl fbt`q }rqhfh Fhlkbli F`h` Qchob~ *drfhl Fphj` Khfh ]`~rtrl) nhl

n`qbthjfhl nhcho }btkhchlhl fbtb~h h}` fb Pgiphfht~h *drfhl n` Jg~bc Nbq @lnbq), ]bt`fqh, Qbcg

Qgbohtnkhl # ]btrdhjhl Qgq`hc n` Pgiphfht~h# *Pgiphfht~h; Ihnkhj Ohnh Rlùbq`~r ]tbqq# 80:8 )# jhc, 49

‑ 4:,


5



]b~bt Fhqblnh

fg~h A`tbdgl , Jhoblifr Dryglg U@@ phli dbtrq`h 20 ~hjrl nhl obli`nh} }blphf ~

n`hdb~`q `~r# kh~rj }`liqhl, Ngf~bt Tgpbl# ngf~bt }t`dhn` Qt` Qrc~hl phli n`jrdrli`

obchcr` ~bcb}gl dhtr dbtjhq c ohqrf n` fbtb~h h}` fb~ fh dbtjbl~ n` Ftgph rl~rf obchfrfhl }bligdh~hl nhtrth~ qbdbcro oblah}h` ~rkrhl, Qbqho}h`lph n` Pgiphfht~h#

Qt` Qrc~hl chliqrli n`cht`fhl fb Trohj Qhf`~ –Glnbt nb Dgnbl‟ n` Ph} Drrcbuhtn *f`l`

Trohj Qhf ~ Th}`j), Fglgl fhdhtlph fb~`fh Qt Qrc~hl Jhoblifr Dryglg U@@@n`~rtrlfhl nht` fbtb~h h}` obcbnhfchj }b~`t n` h~hq fg~h Pgiphfht~h# }hnhjhc jht` `~r

qbnhli ~bthli nhl rnhth abthj, Fhyrch Lihpgiphfht~h Jhn`l`lith~ obliht~`fhl

qbdhih` `qphth~ dhfhc yheh~lph qbgthli }bodbqht h~hr ht~` phli ch`l hnhchj qbdhih` ~hlnhhfhl nh~hli qbgthli }r~th phli n`dbtfh~` nblihl qèh~ fb}t`dhn`hl phli crjrt, Fbbqgfhl

jht`lph# ~b}h~lph }rfrc =>,==# Qt` Qrc~hl Jhoblifr Dryglg U@@@ ohlifh~, Jht` `~r

hnhchj jht` O`liir Fc`ygl# 44 Gf~gdbt 8010# phli ohlh qbahth fbdb~rchl jht` O`liir

Fc`ygl hnhchj jht` yheh~lph }bln`t` Fbqrc~hlhl Lihpgiphfht~h Jhn`l`lith~ ‑ Qrc~hlJhoblifr Dryglg @ phli ohlifh~ }hnh ~hliihc 4> Ohtb~ c994, 0

Nhcho qbkhthj Oh~htho# qb~`h} ~btkhn` }btihl~`hl qrlhl h~hr qrc~hl# qblh~`hqh

n`nhjrcr` nblihl fgl~thf }gc ~ f, D`hqhlph fgl~thf }gc ~ f cbd`j obtri`fhl }`jhf fbqrc~hlhl, Ngtgkh~rl obthqh }btcr obliro}rcfhl qborh fbthdh~ fbth~gl qbdbcro

~btkhn` fgl~thf }gc ~ f nblihl Dbchlnh, Nhcho qbdrhj }bt~borhl# Nhtgkh~rl qbahthchliqrli oblhlphfhl fb}hnh fbthdh~ fbth~gl# h}h n`hl~hthlph hnh phli dbto`lh~

oblkhn` Qrc~hl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z , ^btlph~h }hohl# fhfhf ohr}rl hn`flph ~`nhf

obo}rlph` o`lh~ oblkhn` thkh, Jhc `l` ~btkhn` qbdhih` r}hph oboblrj` fbjblnhf

hcohtjro Jhoblifr Dryglg U@@@# phli ~btabto`l nblihl hnhlph }blpbthjhl }rqhfhFphj` ]`~rtrl n` Dh~hu`h, Ngtgkh~rl }btcr oblihnhfhl orqphyhthj irlh oblij`lnht`

hnr ngodh n` hl~hth fbcrhtih Lihpgiphfht~h Jhn`l`lith~# phli lhl~`lph jhlph

oblirl~rlifhl fb}bl~`lihl Dbchlnh nhcho thlifh obo}btcrhq fbfrhqhhllph,

Fborn`hl Ngtgkh~rl phli ohq`j ~btchcr j`khr nhcho }blib~hjrhl ohr}rl

}blihchohl oblihnhfhl }btrln`lihl nblihl Irdbtlrt Nt, Cra`bl Hnho phli dbtrq`h5=/hl# phli n`fblhc qbdhih` qbgthli Khuhlàrq *hjc` hnh~ `q~`hnh~ ) phli n`qbihl`, –Qhph

dblht/dblht dbcro h}h/h}h yhf~r `~r, ^h}` phj ,h}h dgcbj drh~( Fbhnhhl ~bchjoblbo}h~fhl qhph }hnh q`~rhq` nbo`f`hl jhtrq n`jhnh}` qhkh‟# fh~h Jboblifr Dryglg@Z obliblhli }bt`q~`yh `~r, ]btrln`lihl }rl dbtchliqrli n`dhyhj bo}h~ oh~h nhl

qèh~lph ohth~gl# fhtblh dbtchliqrli qb~`h} jht` ~btohqrf jht` O`liir, Jht` nbo` jht`

dbtchcr# }btrln`lihl fgl~thf }gc`~`f dbtkhchl hcg~ nhl qbtb~, Jhc `~r n`qbdhdfhl }hnh ~ìh

}bodàhthhl }gfgf# phli oblphlifr~ khdh~hl ]b}h~`j Nhcbo# Nbyhl ]blhqbjh~ nhl]thkrt`~ Fbth~gl, ]bobt`l~hjhl Dbchlnh obli`li`lfhl hiht }h~`j oblibodhlifhl ny`

fbqb~`hl# }bihyh` }bobt`l~hjhl Dbchlnh nhl qbfhcìrq }bihyh` fbqrc~hlhl qbdhc`flph

Ngtgkh~rl `li`l oblirdhjlph oblkhn` oglgcgphc`~hq ~btjhnh} fbqrc~hlhl, OhqhchjNbyhl ]blhqbjh~# qb}htrj nht` hliig~hlph n`rqrcfhl gcbj Dbchlnh nhl qb}htrj chi` gcbj

Qrc~hl nhl phli n`rqrcfhl gcbj Qrc~hl jhtrq n`qb~rkr` gcbj Dbchlnh, @l` n`~gchf gcbj

Ngtgkh~rl, Fb~`fh Ngtgkh~rl oblirqrcfhl hiht obtbfh n`dbt` fbdbdhqhl dbtdàhth qbt~hobyhf`c` fb}bl~`lihl thfph~ nhl `l` n ~gchf gcbj Dbchlnh, ]bobt`l~hj Dbchlnh

obli`li`lfhl hiht }thkrt`~ fbth~gl qbdhih` qrh~r cbi`ro# obtr}hfhl dhi`hl nht` ~bl~hth

J`ln`h Dbchlnh phli dbthnh n` dhyhj fgohlng Fgl`lc`kfb Lbnbtchln @ln`b Chibt, ]`jhf

0 @d`n ,


9



]b~bt Fhqblnh

Fbqrc~hlhl ~`nhf nh}h~ obobt`l~hj }thkrt`~ ~btqbdr~ # ~b~h}` fbqrc~hlhl yhk`d obliihk`

nhl obtbfr~ obtbfh, ]bto`l~hhl }bobt`l~hj Dbchlnh `~r n`~gchf gcbj Ngtgkh~rl,

]btrln`lihl phli ~bchj dbtchliqrli bo}h~ drchl *Lgubodbt 8010 ‑ Ebdtrht`

80>=)# ~btlph~h ~hf d`qh obodbt khchl fbcrht phli oborhqfhl fbnrh dbchj }`jhf,

Qbdblhtlph qbdbcrolph hnh rqhjh nht` }bobt`l~hj J`ln`h Dbchlnh –obo`l~h‟ ]b}h~`jNhcbo F]]H Nhlrtbkg U@@@ hiht obodrkrf Ngtgkh~rl rl~rf d`qh obo}btab}h~

}btrln`lihl phli n`hliih}lph ~btchcr choh, Fb~`fh ]hlibthl ~rh `~r oblnbqhf

Ngtgkh~rl obo}btq`lifh~ }btrln`lihl# Ngtgkh~rl ohchjhl obo}btq`chjfhl ]hlibthl~rh `~r oblkhn` Qrc~hl, Oblnbliht khyhdhl `~r ~bl~r qhkh ]b}h~`j Nhcbo oblkhn` ~btn`ho,

Fb~`fh `~r Irdbtlrt Hnho qbln`t` obthqh kblifbc dbtaho}rt ohcr n`qbdhdfhl qbdhih`

}bkhdh~ phli dbt}blihchohl ~btlph~h ~hf oho}r oblih~hq` ahcgl thkh phli dbdbth}h

yhf~r phli chcr dbtq~h~rq ohjhq`qyh# qbobl~hth n`h oblnh}h~ ~bfhlhl nht` }bobt`l~hjhl }rqh~ hiht fgl~thf }gc`~`f n`qbcbqh`fhl qbcbfhq orlif`l, N` }`jhf ch`l# Ngtgkh~rl }rl

oblkhn` tbqhj# ibc`qhj nhl cb~`j, Qbihch ahth n`qfrq` phli n`}btgcbj qbchoh oblkhn` fcrd

nbdh~ n` Cb`nbl phli ~bchj nàgdh n`}thf~bfhl ~btlph~h ~`nhf obodhyh jhq`c,

Hfj`t drchl Ebdtrht` c0>=# Ngtgkh~rl phli qbnhli dbtdht`li `q~`thjh~ oblkbchli

}btrln`lihl ohcho jht`, Hl~hth ~`nrt nhl ~btfhih# Ngtgkh~rl oblnbliht qrhth h~hr d`q`fhl ih`d nht` lblbf ogphlilph; –^gcb# ~bfblh yhb, Chlnh dhfhc crlih qhfh dro`

fblb,* Hlhffr# ~hlnh ~hlihl` qhkh# Dbchlnh dhfhc }bti` nht` dro` `l`), Fb~`fh `~r `h ~`dh/

~`dh ~btkhih qb}blrjlph, Qborch Ngtgkh~rl n`c`}r~` }bthqhhl thir/thir nhl dòdhli

~b~h}` dbi`~r `h obli`lkhf fhf`lph n` fbn`hohl Irdbtlrt Hnho rl~rf obchlkr~fhl }btrln`lihl ohcho jht`# fbqborhlph oblkhn` dbtfrthli, Fb~`fh Ngtgkh~rl dbthnh n`

trhlihl }btrln`lihl nhl dbtjhnh}hl nblihl Irdbtlrt Nt, Cra`bl Hnho# Ngtgkh~rl

jhlph dbtfh~h q`lifh~ fb}hnh Nt, Cra`bl Hnho; –Q`chfhl Irdbtlrt oblprqrl fgl~thf

}gc`~`f `~r# Lhl~` qhph ~hlnh~hlihl –, Fh~h/fh~h `~r ~bl~r qhkh oblibkr~fhl Irdbtlrt

Hnho fhtblh ahcgl thkh `~r ~bchj dbtdhc`f q`fh} 8:= nbthkh~, Jhc `l` phli oblpbdhdfhl

}btrln`lihl jhlph dbtchliqrli qbf`~ht 8= obl`~ qhkh# ~hf qbdhihòhlh d`hqhlph, ^hf qho}h` nrh o`liir fborn`hl# }blprqrlhl fgl~thf }gc`~`f q`h} n`~hlnh ~hlihl`, Fgl~thf

}gc`~`f phli dbt`q` 89 dhd nhl ~btn`t` h~hq 20 }hqhc `~r n`~rc`q nhcho dhjhqh Dbchlnh

nblihl dhjhqh nhl hfqhth Khyh n` jhchohl qho}`lilph# ~hl}h n`dhah chliqrli qhkhn`~hlnh~hlihl` gcbj Ngtgkh~rl# nhcho qbdrhj r}hahth n` ^th~hi ]thdhpbqhfh n` Fbth~gl#

qbo`liir qbdbcro jht` }blgdh~hl, ^b~h}` ~hliihc ~btahl~ro nhcho fgl~thf }gc`~`f `~r

hnhchj jht` }blgdh~hl 8: Ohtb~ c0>=# qhh~ orch` dbtchfrlph fgl~thf }gc`~`f `~r ,

Ngtgkh~rl n`lgdh~fhl qbdhih` qrc~hl nhcho }blhliihchl Khyh# jht` Qbl`l ]gl#

~hliihc : drchl Qh}ht ~hjrl Khyh Nhc 8:98, Hahth }blgdh~hl n`hyhc nblihl

n`}btnblihtfhl chir fbdhliqhhl Dbchlnh –Y`cjbcorq‟# fb~`fh `~r Ngtgkh~rl nhl Nt,Cra`bl Hnho dbthnh n` Dhliqhc Fblahlh, Qb~bchj `~r# Ngtgkh~rl phli dbthnh n` qbdbchj

f`t Irdbtlrt# phli n`nhjrcr` gcbj }tgqbq` hch~ r}hahth Fbqrc~hlhl# oblrkr fb Q ~`

J`lii`c nhl lh`f oblrkr fb Dhliqhc Ohlirl~rt ^hlif`c, Irdbtlrt Hnho chliqrlinrnrf n`frtq` fbjgtoh~hl# qbobl~hth Ngtgkh~rl phli ohq`j dbtq~h~rq }hlibthl nrnrf n`

nbtbt~hl nb}hl dbtqhoh }hth }blibthl ch`llph, N` jht` phli dbtqbkhthj `~r# Irdbtlrt

Cra`bl Hnho h~hq lhoh }bobt`l~hj J`ln`h Dbchlnh oblgdh~fhl Irq~` Thnbl Ohq

Ngtgkh~rl qbdhih` ]hlibthl Hn`}h~ Hlgo Jhoblifr Lbihth Qrn`dph Thkh ]r~th


:



]b~bt Fhqblnh

Lhtblnth Oh~htho hc`hq }r~th ohjfg~h Fbqrc~hlhl Pgiphfht~h, Còh obl`~ fborn`hl

}r~th ohjfg~h n`lgdh~fhl qbdhih` Qrc~hl Pgiphfht~h nblihl ibcht Qho}bphl Nhcbo

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H}t`c 80:= ,


0



]b~bt Fhqblnh

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Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z 88

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8=



]b~bt Fhqblnh

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phli qhoh krih n`fbcrhtfhl gcbj ]hlibthl ]hfr Hcho U@@@ rl~rf fbthkhhllph,

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Kgikhfht~h `~r n`lph~hfhl ;

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Lbihth Tb}rdc`f @lnglbq`h,

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ch`llph , Fho` }bihli qbcrtrjlph,

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81 Frq~`l`ph~` Ogaj~ht,8> Frq~`l`ph~ Ogaj~ht# `d`n# jhc, 59 ‑ 90 nhl Qgbnht`qohl ]gbtygfgbqgbogb# Nht` Abchj/abchj D`githe`

Qt` Qrc~hl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z * > ) ‑ Dbtn`t`lph Nhbthj @q~òbyh Pgiphfht~h n` Tb}rdc`f @lnglbq`h #

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88



]b~bt Fhqblnh

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obliblh` Fbnrnrfhl Pgiphfht~h nhcho c`lifrlihl T@ phli n`~hlnh~hlihl` gcbj]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg, Tr}hlph }`hiho ~btqbdr~ ~bchj n`}btq`h}fhl qh~r jht` qb~bchj

n`chphlifhl ~bcbitho phli }bt~hoh nht Qrc~hl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z fb}hnh

}tgfchoh~gt Qgbfhtlg/Jh~~h, ]`hiho `l` oblph~hfhl dhjyh ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlgoblb~h}fhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z# }hnh fbnrnrfhllph nblihl fb}btahphhl dhjyh

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85 @d`n ,


84



]b~bt Fhqblnh

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Pgiphfht~h qb~bchj Qbfr~r oblnhth~ n` Khfht~h, OD ^FT obor~rqfhl }`lnhj nblihl

}bt~òdhlihl q~th~bi` nhl }gc`~ f, ]bt~ odhlihl q~th~bi` `hchj Pgiphfht~h ~btcb~hf n` }bnhchohl ]rchr Khyh# phli dbtht~` fg~h `~r tbch~è hohl fb~òdhli fg~h/fg~h phli

~btcb~hf n` }hl~h , Qbch`l `~r Pgiphfht~h obo}rlph` ehq c ~hq fgorl`fhq` nhl

}btjrdrlihl, ]bt~òdhlihl }gc`~`f `hchj dhjyh Tb}rdc`f obo}rlph` fbnrnrfhl frh~n`fhchlihl thfph~ Pgiphfht~h fhtblh nrfrlihl phli n`dbt`fhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z

~btjhnh} Tb}rdc`f, Fb~hrchnhl phli n`dbt fhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z nblihl

nrfrlihllph ~btjhnh} Tb}rdc`f ~bchj oblnh}h~ nrfrlihl nht qbcrtrj thfph~ phli

dbthnh n`dhyhj }blihtrj ~thn`q` fbthkhhl, Ohtfhq ^bt~`lii` ^FT }rl obodbt` }hlifh~Kblnthc Fbjgtoh~hl fb}hnh Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z qbdhih` chodhli jrdrlihl dh`f nhl

db~h}h }bl~`lilph Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z dhi` OF^FT ,8: N` hyhc fbobtnbfhhl

Tb}rdc`f @lnglbq`h# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z ~bchj oblpbn`hfhl fgo}cbfq phli arfr}

crhq n` Iglngfrqrohl rl~rf n`}btirlhfhl dhi` fb}bl~`lihl Ohtfhq Dbqht ^FT,Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z oblpbn`hfhl dhi`hl nb}hl nht` `q~hlhlph rl~rf fb}bl~`lihl

Rlùbtq`~hq Ihnkhj Ohnh, Qrodhlihl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z oblpbdhdfhl JhoblifrDryglg @Z obo}btgcbj qò}h~` n` fhchlihl ~bl~hth nhl iblbthq` ornh# phli obtr}hfhl

fbfrh~hl }bliibthfhl tbugcrq`,80

Fbj`nr}hl hyhc Tb}rdc`f @lnglbq`h n`hyhc` nblihl qrhqhlh phli oblabfhophli n`qbdhdfhl fbihlhqhl ~bl~hth L@AH phli qblhl~`hqh obohla`li `lq`nbl nòhlh

qhkh nhl fh}hl qhkh qbj`liih fgtdhl dbtkh~rjhl, ]hth }boò}`l Tb}rdc`f @lnglbq`h

~btr~hoh Qgbfhtlg nhl Ogj, Jh~~h ~`nhf cr}r~ nht` hlahohl }bodrlrjhl qbj`liih dbt}`lnhj/}`lnhj trohj nhl fbcrhtih obtbfh n c`}r~` fbabohqhl, Q ~rhq` phli

qbnbo`f`hl ihyh~lph oblpbdhdfhl q`nhli fhd`lb~ }hnh 1 Khlrht c0>5 oblihod`c

fb}r~rqhl rl~rf obo`lnhjfhl fbnrnrfhl }bobt`l~hj }rqh~ Tb}rdc`f @lnglbq`h fbPgiphfht~h, Qbjht` fborn`hl n` yhf~r qblkh Qgbfhtlg# Ogj, Jh~~h nhl fbcrhtih nhl

}boò}`l/}boò}`l ch`llph oblp`ch} obohqrf` ibtdgli phli ~bchj n`qbn`hfhl qbahth

qbodrlp`/qbodrlp` n` dbchfhli trohj ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg, N` ohcho ibch} ~hf dbtd`l~hli }hth }boò}`l Tb}rdc f @lnglbq`h oblrkr fb nhbthj }bnhchohl n`

Pgiphfht~h, Qb~`dh n` q~hq`rl ^rir# }hth }boò}`l T@ `l` n`qhodr~ jhlih~ gcbj Qrc~hl

Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z, 4=

Fb~`fh `~r fbthkhhl Lihpgiphfht~h nhl fbthkhhl ]hfrhchohl dbtihdrli oblkhn`

qh~r nhcho Nhbthj @q~òbyh Pgiphfhtph nblihl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z qbdhih`

fb}hchlph nhl ]hfr Hcho U@@@ qbdhih` yhf`clph, ]bliihdrlihl `~r n`hfr` qbahth tbqo`gcbj }bobt`l~hj }rqh~ T@ nblihl Rlnhli/Rlnhli Lg, 1 ^hjrl 8024# n`hfr` qbdhih`

89 Rce Qrlnjhrqqbl # ]gc`~`f O`c`~bt @lnglbq`h 80>2 ‑ 8059 # * Khfht~h ; C]1BQ # 80:5 ) # jhc, 1> ‑ 15,8: ^,D, Qòh~r}hli #‟ Dhihòhlh Qbgthli Qrc~hl d`qh dbt}bthl nhcho Tb}rdc`f phli n`chj`tfhl Tbugcrq`

Fbthfph~hl‟# nhcho H~ohfrqrohj *bn) # jhc, 8>4 ‑ 824 ,80 Qgbnht`qohl ]gtygfgbqgbogb # `d`n nhl Qbcg Qgbohtnkhl # g},a`~,# jhc, 404 ‑ 401 nhl ^,D, Qòh~r}hli#

Obodrf~`fhl Fb~`nhfdblhthl Qrh~r O`~gq # * Khfht~h ; Q`lht Jhth}hl # 8008 ) # jhc, 814,4= Frq~`l`ph~` Ogaj~ht # g}, a`~,


81



]b~bt Fhqblnh

nhbthj `q~òbyh phli g~glgo nblihl fbnrnrfhl qb~`lifh~ nblihl }tg}`lq`,48 Fhchr

Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z nhl ]hfr Hcho U@@@ oho}r oblihl~`q`}hq` ibkgchf Tbugcrq`

@lnglbq`h# ~`nhf nbo`f`hl jhclph nblihl fbthkhhl phli dbthnh n` Qrthfht~h, Obtbfh~`nhf dbtjhq`c oblehh~fhl fbqbo}h~hl‑fbqbo}h~hl rl~rf oboh`lfhl }bthlhl }gq`~ e

nhcho Tbugcrq` @lnglbq`h# qbj`liih obtbfh ~`nhf }btlhj nh}h~ oblirhqh` fbkhn`hl/

fbkhn`hl, Qbchoh `~r }btorqrjhl hl~hth fbnrh `q~hlh ~btrq dbtchliqrli ~hl}h obtbnh,Qrqrjrlhl nhl Ohlifrlbihth qbahth ~bt}`qhj obchfrfhl qbihch r}hph rl~rf

obo}bt~hjhlfhl fbthkhhl nhl thfph~ ohq`li/ohq`li ~b~h} dbthnh n`dhyhj fbfrhqhhl

~thn`q`glhc# hfhl ~b~h}` fhro tbugcrq`glbt ohchjhl oblkhrjfhl n`t` nht` fbnrh `q~hlh~btqbdr~ dhjfhl obchfrfhl ibthfhl hl~ `q~hlh nhl obo`l~h qbahth chliqrli hiht

n`}bt`l~hj gcbj }bobt`l~hj }rqh~ Tb}rdc`f @lnglbq`h, Hfj`tlph nbqhfhl fhro

tbugcrq`glbt# jhf/jhf `q~òbyh }hth thkh Qrthfht~h n` crht ~bodgf obtbfh qbahth tbqo`

n`jh}rqfhl }hnh ~hliihc 8 Krl` 80>5,44

Fb~`fh Qr~hl Qkhjt`t obodbl~rf fhd`lb~ }hnh drchl Gf~gdbt 80>5# Jhoblifr

Dryglg @Z nò`l~h oblkhn` Obl~bt Lbihth }hnh fhd`lb~ Qr~hl Qkhjt t @@@, ^b~h}`

fhd`lb~ `~r ~`nhf dbtchliqrli choh n`qbdhdfhl fhd`lb~ `~r n`hliih} ~btchcr khrj obodbt`fglqbq` fb}hnh Dbchlnh nhcho ]btkhlk`hl C`liihtkh~` *80>5), Qb~bchj fbj`chlihl

nrfrlihl rl~rf obo}bt~hjhlfhl fhd`lb~lph# Qr~hl Qkhjt t oblpbthjfhl fbodhcohlnh~lph fb}hnh ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg, Fborn`hl ]tbq nbl Qgbfhtlg oblrlkrf Ho`t

Qpht egbnn`l rl~rf oblprqrl fhd`lb~ dhtr, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z n`} c`j oblkhn`

Obl~bt` Lbihth nhcho fhd`lb~ Ho`t Qkhtèrnn`l @ nhl @@, Fhd`lb~ Ho`t Qkhtèrnn`l @@

kh~rj# fhtblh qbkrochj }ht~h` ~`nhf qb~rkr nblihl }btqb~rkrhl Tblu`ccb *80>9), Qb~bchjHo`t Qkhtèrnn`l oblpbthjfhl ohlnh~, ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg fborn`hl oblrlkrf Yhf`c

]tbq`nbl Ogj, Jh~~h rl~rf obodbl~rf fhd`lb~ }tbq`nbl~`c drfhl }htcbobl~bt fhtblh

lbihth nhcho fbhnhhl ibl~`li , Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z ~bt}`c`j fbodhc` oblkhn` Obl~bt` Lbihth }hnh fhd`lb~ phli dhtr n`qbdr~ ~hn`, 41

N` Pgiphfht~h ~bchj n`n`t`fhl chqfht thfph~ nhcho thlifh obodhl~r ^L@ rl~rf oblhliirchli` qbthlihl orqrj# phli ohlh }hlicòhllph hnhchj Jhoblifr Dryglg

@Z qbln`t`, Rl~rf fbq`h}q`hihhl chqfht ~btqbdr~ qbahth ~bth~rt n`qbcbliihthfhl ch~`jhl/

ch~`jhl, Qrh~r yhf~r ch~`jhl roro n`~b~h}fhl hfhl n`qbcbliihthfhl }hnh ~hliihc 80Nbqbodbt 80>:, ]btjh~ hl roro qbnhli ~btarthj fb}hnh ch~ jhl `l # n` ohlh hfhl

n`qbt~hfhl qborh rlqrt/rlqrt fbchqfhthl# ~btohqrf nh}rt roro# rl`~ }hchli obthj nhl

ch`l/ch`l, Qbkhf }hi` `~r obohli qborh gthli phli obthqh dbtihdrli nhcho fbchqfhthl

thfph~ q`h} oblihnhfhl ch~`jhl,^btnblihtlph qbkrochj tbl~b~hl cb~rqhl qblkh~h nhl }bqhyh~ rnhth phli obthrli/thrli n` h~hq fg~h Pgiphfht~h oblphnhtfhl thfph~ dhjyh

fbkhn`hl `l` drfhl ch~`jhl }bthli/}bthli ~b~h}` dblht/dblht qbthlihl orqrj4> Jhoblifr

48 Qbcg Qgbohtnkhl# `d`n nhl Oboght Qt` ]hfr Hcho; Ebgnhc`qob Qrnhj Choh ^hf Hnh# ^bo}g# :

Qb}~bodbt 800=,44 Qbcg Qgbontkhl# `d`n# jhc, 91 ‑ 92 # O,A, Tàfcbeq # g},a`~# jhc, 11= ‑ 112 nhl Ibgtib N Chtbqbl # Ohqh

Oblkbchli Tbugcrq` ; Fbth~gl nhl Fbj`nr}hl ]gc`~`f N` Qrthfht~h 8084 ‑ 80>4 # * Pgiphfht~h ; Ihnkhj

Ohnh Rlùbtq`~p ]tbqq # 800= ) # jhc, 1== ‑ 184 , Hnh }hlnhlihl phli oblkbchqfhl }bthlhl fbth~gl

Fhqrlhl , C`jh~ Oboght ]hfr Dryglg Z@@ ; Fbth~gl Obl`~` Htrq [hohl # ^bo}g# 4> Lgubodbt 800= ,41 Ohtyh~` Nkgblbn ]gq}glbigtg nhl Lritgjg Lg~gqrqhl~g *bn) # Qbkhthj Lhq`glhc @lnglbq`h U@# *Khfht~h ;

Dhch` ]rq~hfh # 800= ) # jhc, 841 ‑ 8>> nhl 82= ‑ 824,4> Qbcg Qgbohtnkhl # jhc, 50 ,


8>



]b~bt Fhqblnh

Dryglg @Z phli nhcho fbhnhhl qhf`~ obohfqhfhl n`t`lph `fr~ qbt~h nhcho q`nhli

nhtrth~, Fb~ fh dbt~bor nblihl ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg n` Ibnrli Lbihth# Jhoblifr

Dryglg @Z oblhlphfhl# h}hfhj khn` `fr~ fbcrht fg~h# qb}bt~` phli n`tblahlhfhl qborch,]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg obli`phfhl }bt~hlphhl `~r, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z fborn`hl

oblphthlfhl hiht ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg oblrkr fb hthj ^òrt qhkh fhtblh khchl fbqhlh

ohq`j orlif`l# Qbdhc`flph Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z obodbt`~hjrfhl khchl fb hthj Dhth~qrnhj qrc ~ fhtblh khchl ~bchj ~bt~r~r} obqf`}rl ~hn`lph }btq`h}hl ~bo}h~ rl~rf

]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg ~bchj n`qbn`hfhl n` nhbthj Dh~rthnbl,42

]btnhlh Obl~bt` Ogj, Jh~~h# phli qbjhtrqlph oboò}`l q`nhli nhtrth~# qbnhli

}bti` fb Fhc`rthli rl~rf oboblr` Fgo`q` ^ìh Lbihth, ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg obo`l~h

dhl~rhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z rl~rf oblkbo}r~lph nhl }bti`chj Jhoblifr Dryglg

@Z nblihl Qr~hl Qkhjt`t phli n`~bor`lph n` nb}hl Ibnrli Lbihth fb Fhc`rthli, Nhcho }btkhchlhl oblrkr Fhc`rthli# obtbfh dbtnrh obc`jh~ Ogj, Jh~~h phli qbnhli oblrkr

fg~h Pgiphfht~h, ]hnh qhh~ `~r }rch Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z obor~ht fbodhc` ogd`c

rl~rf fbodhc` fb fg~h nhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z oblnh}h~ qbthlihl nht` }bqhyh~

Dbchlnh phli dbtagagt obthj qbj`liih Jhoblifr Dryglg obor~rqfhl rl~rf oblihod`c khchl obchcr` nbqh nhl fho}rli hiht d`qh fbodhc fb Ibnrli Lbihth,

]btkhchlhl phli dbt}r~ht/}r~ht `~r oblpbdhdfhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z dhtr qho}h` nÌbnrli Lbihth fb~`fh q`nhli fhd`lb~ qrnhj rqh`,

Fb~ fh obohqrf` Ibnrli Lbihth# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z dbt~bor nblihl

]hlicòh Dbqht Qrn`tohl phli oblabt ~hfhl fb}hnhlph dhjyh ]tbq`nbl nhl Yhf`c]tbq`nbl qbt~h }boò}`l }gc ~ f ~hf khn` fbcrht fg~h, Q`nhli nhtrth~ obor~rqfhl#

]bobt`l~hj T@ ~b~h} dbthnh n` fg~h Pgiphfht~h nhl Fbfrhqhhhl }bobt`l~hj hfhl

n`hc`jfhl fb}hnh ]bobt`l~hj Nhtrth~ T@ phli hfhl n`}ò}`l gcbj Ot, Qkht egbnn`l]thy`thlbihth phli dbtfbnrnrfhl n` Qroh~th, Qbjrdrlihl Kblnthc Qrn`tohl hfhl

fbcrht fg~h rl~rf oboò}`l ibt`cph# `h obo`l~h ~bo}h~ }btc`lnrlihl dhi` fbcrhtihlph,

Obohli fb~`fh `~r Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z ~bchj obo}btq`h}fhl ~bo}h~ dhi` fbcrhtih }hth }boò}`l T@ fhchr ~btkhn` qbthlihl ~btjhnh} T@, Fb}r~rqhl phli ~bthfj t `~r

n`q`htfhl obchcr` thn`g ~b~h}` phli dbtqhlifr~hl ~`nhf oblnblihtlph, Fblnh~`}rl

nbo`f`hl obo}rlph` `l`q`h~è rl~rf obodbl~rf }bobt`l~hj Nhtrth~ T@# phli dbt}rqh~ n`Drf`~ ^`lii`, Qb~bchj oblnbliht }blkbchqhl `~r# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z dbt~bor nblihl

]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg nhl obo}btgcbj }blkbchqhl phli qhoh ,

Fb~`fh `~r Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z n`dbt`~hjr gcbj qhrnhthlph dhjyh qbkrochjthfph~ fbd`lirlihl oblnh~hli` fbth~gl nhl }btcr n`~bl~thofhl, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z

dbtibihq oblrkr fbth~gl rl~rf oblbl~thofhl, Fborn`hl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z

fbodhc` fb Ibnrli Lbihth# ~b~h}` n`~blihj khchl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z dbt~bor nblihl }bornh nht` Fbdhf~`hl Thfph~ @lnglbq h Qrchybq` phli oblih~hfhl dhjyh ~bl~hth

qrnhj qho}h` n` fhl~gt }gq, Oblnbliht }blkbchqhl `~r# Jhoblifr Dryglg

oblirtrlifhl l`h~lph oblrkr fb Ibnrli Lbihth nhl fbodhc` fb fbth~gl ,

42 Frq~`l`ph~` Ogaj~ht# `d`n# jhc, 59 ‑ 90 nhl Qt` Qrc~hl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z# – Tb}rdc`f N` Dhyhj

Fb}rlihl #‟ nhcho Agc`l Y`cn nhl ]b~bt Ahtbp *bn) # Ibcgth H}` Tbugcrq`# * Khfht~h ; Ithobn`h # 80:5 ) #

jhc, 8:9 ‑ 804,


82



]b~bt Fhqblnh

]hnh qhh~ `~r qbkrochj }boò}`l @lnglbq`h n`~hyhl qbt~h n`dbthlifh~fhl fb

~bo}h~ }blihq`lihl, ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg# Qr~hl Qkhjt`t nhl Jhk` Hirq Qhcò fb Dthi~hq`#

qbobl~hth Yhf`c ]tbq`nbl Ogj, Jh~~h# Ogj, Tgbo# Ot, Hc` Qhq~tgho`nkgkg nhl Ot,Hqqh~ fb Dhlifh# phli ohlh n` fborn`hl jht` obtbfh n`qh~rfhl n` Dhlifh, N` qgtb

jht`lph Fgcglbc Uhl Chlibl# Fgohlnhl ^`kibt Dtìhnb Dbchlnh phli dbtchfr qbdhih`

}blirhqh o`c`~bt rl~rf oblnh~hli` fbth~gl nhl obo}btc`jh~fhl fb}hnh JhoblifrDryglg @Z# qbdrhj fg~h Pgiphfht~h phli ~bchj n`dbt ~hlnh yhtlh obthj, phli

oblrlkrffhl trhli ibthf phli n`}btdgcbjfhl dhi` Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z, Qb~bchj

n`~bc ~ # ~btlph~h trhli ibthf Jhoblifr Dryglg ~btdh~hq }hnh fbth~gl qhkh hc`hqJhoblifr Dryglg @Z oblkhchl` ~hjhlhl trohj ]hfr Hcho U@@@ }rl oblihcho`

}btchfrhl phli qhoh, 45

]bobt`l~hj Dbchlnh oblphnht` qb}blrjlph }blhlifh}hl nhl }bodrhlihlJhoblifr Dryglg @Z fb Dhlifh jhlph obcblph}fhl jhth}hl qbchoh/chohlph rl~rf

obtbdr~ fbodhc` fbfrhqhhl n` @lnglbq`h, Phli n`jhth}fhl }bobt`l~hj Dbchlnh hnhchj

nblihl n`~hyhllph ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg nhl }hth }boò}`l }gc`~`f ch`llph nhl n`d`htfhl

Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z dbdhq# chodh~ chrl }bobt`l~hj Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z hfhl dbtqbn`h dbfbtkh qhoh nblihl *n`dhyhj) Dbchlnh qb}bt~` nhjrcr, ^b~h}` }btj`~rlihl

}bobt`l~hj Dbchlnh obcbqb~,49

Fblnh~ }rl n`dh~hq` trhli ibthflph Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z oblkhchlfhl

q`hqh~lph nht` nhcho fbth~gl, ]bt~hoh/~hoh phli n`~bo}rj Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z

hnhchj# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z nblihl qblihkh oblpbdhtfhl dbt`~h ~bl~hli }blirlnrthln`t`lph qbdhih` Fb}hch Nhbthj @q~òbyh Pgipfht~h# phli ohlh fborn`hl n``fr~` gcbj

]hfr Hcho U@@@, ]blpbdhtcrhqhl dbt`~h obchcr` orcr~ fb orcr~# qbj`liih nblihl

nbo`f`hl thfph~ phli dbthnh n` }bcgqgf/}bcgqgf oblnblihtlph, ]bcb~hfhl khdh~hl `l`nòhfqrnfhl gcbj Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z qbdhih` }blij`lnhthl n`t` nht` Jhoblifr

Dryglg @Z rl~rf n`}bthch~ h~hr n`qrtrj obchfrfhl ~`lnhfhl/~`lnhfhl phli obodhl~r

orqrj,, Obchcr` }blpho}h`hl qb}bt~` `~r# fgorl`fhq` hl~hth thkh nhl thfph~ d`qh ~btkhn`#qbj`liih qb~`h} `lq~trfq` d`qh n`qho}h`fhl fb}hnh thfph~, O`qhclph `lq~trfq` hiht thfph~

~b~h} qb~`h nhl jhlph }h~rj }hnh Lihtqh Nhcbo# ~btlph~h qhlih~ n`}h~rj` gcbj thfph~lph,

Fbkhn`hl `~r obodbt` fbqhl db~h}h dbqht y`dhyh Qt` Qrc~hl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z h~hqthfph~lph, 4:

]bt~blihjhl Khlrht` 80>0# Pgiphfht~h ~bchj oblkhn` fg~h phli qbdhi`hl dbqht

n`jrl` gcbj fhro yhl`~h# hlhf/hlhf nhl gthli ~rh# qbnhlifhl gthli/gthli ornh }bti`fbcrht fg~h rl~rf dbtkrhli qbdhih` ibt`cphyhl, ]rqh~ fg~h qbt~h qbdhi`hl nhbthj

}`lii`thl n`nrnrf` gcbj ihtl`q`rl Dbchlnh# ~b~h}` nhbthj crht fg~h obtr}hfhl nhbthj ~hf

dbt~rhl hc`hq n`nrnrf` gcbj ibt`cphyhl Tb}rdc`f,40 Fb~ fh `~r }hth }bkhdh~ Dbchlnhoblkhn` ~`nhf dbtnhph oblijhnh}` }gc`~`f lgl/fg}bthq` nht` Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z,

Fb}hch Rtrqhl Bfglgo` Dbchlnh# Nt, Orcnbt oblih~hfhl dhjyh nht frthli cbd`j

8=,=== }bihyh` q`}`c n` Nhbthj @q~òbyh Pgiphfht~h ~hf cbd`j nht` 82= gthli phli

45 @d`n ,49 Qkhtèern`l ]thy`thlbihth # – Qbgthli ]h~t`g~ ^bchnhl #‟ nhcho H~ohfqrohj *bn)# jhc, 4>9 ‑ 428 ,4: Frq~`l`ph~` Ogaj~ht # `d`n ,40 ^F At`~jcbp #‟ ]hlibthl N` Qbdrhj Tb}rdc`f Qbgthli ]h~t`g~ phli Rl`f #‟ nhcho Hq~ohfrqrohj *bn) #

jhc, 824 ‑ 85= ,


85



]b~bt Fhqblnh

dbfbtkh rl~rf }bobt`l~hjhl Dbchlnh, Qbibc`l~`t gthli *phli dbtfbtkh n` dhi`hl }bth`thl#

}rqh~ ~blhih c`q~t`f# trohj qhf`~ nhl khyh~hl fbdbtq`jhl) dbtdrh~ nbo`f`hl jhlph fhtblh

Qrc~hl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z obobt`l~hjfhl obtbfh qbj`liih }blnrnrf q`}`c ~hf }blhliirlhli }blnbt`~hhl phli ~`nhf }btcr,1=

N`jhnh}fhl nblihl q`~rhq` `l`# Dbchlnh oblphnht` dhjyh fbfrhqhhl o`c`~bt d`qhn`}bt~hjhlfhl ~b~h}` fbhnhhl obtbfh ~hf hfhl ~bt~hjhl fbarhc` k`fh dbtjhq`c obodrkrf

qbkrochj dbqht }bihyh` q`}`c rl~rf dbfbtkh qhoh nblihl Dbchlnh, Obtbfh obc jh~

Jhohlifr Dryglg @Z obtr}hfhl frla` nht` }btqghchl ~btqbdr~, Obtbfh }btahph fhchrJhoblifr Dryglg @Z d`qh n`hkhf dbfbtkh qhoh ~bl~rlph phli ch`l hfhl obl`liihcfhl

}gc ~`f lgl/fgg}bthq` rl~rf oblprfqbqfhl }blnrnrfhl Dbchlnh, Obtbfh oblagdh

obthlifrc Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z hiht ohr dbfbtkhqhoh nblihl Dbchlnh nhl obo`jhf

Dbchlnh nblihl qbkrochj òdhchl phli qhlih~ oblii`rtfhl# dh`f dbtr}h fbfrhqhhlphli cbd`j crhq ohr}rl fbfhphhl phli cbd`j dbqht, Rl~rf `~rchj n`f`tò qbkrochj r~rqhl

rl~rf obodrkrf Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z, R~rqhl phli n`f`tò qbahth dbt~rtr~/~rtr~

hnhchj Tbq`nbl B,O, Q~gf# Nt, Dbtfr`q# Fgcglbc Uhl Chlibl nhl krih gthli/gthli

@lnglbq`h phli oblnrnrf` khdh~hl ~`lii`` n` }`jhf Dbchlnh# qb}bt~` ]tge, Nt, Jrqqb`lNkhn`l`lith~ nhl Qrc~hl Jho`n @@ qbt~h qbgthli N`tbf~rt dhlf Dbchlnh, R~rqhl/~rqhl `~r

~`nhf }btlhj dbt~bor nblihl Jhoblifr Dryglg fhtblh Jhoblifr Dryglg qbchcrobo`l~h qhchj qbgthli qhrnhthlph# qb}bt~ ]hlibthl ]thdrl`lith~# ]hlibthl

Ortn`l`lith~ h~hr ]hlibthl D`l~gtg rl~rf oblbor` obtbfh nblihl hchqhl Qrc~hl

Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z qbnhli qhf`~, Fborn`hl qhrnhth/qhrnhthlph phli n`~bor` r~rqhl

Dbchlnh `~r obch}gtfhl fb}hnh Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z obliblh` ~hyhthl `~r, JhoblifrDryglg @Z jhlph ~btqblpro q`l`q,18 Abt`~h/abt ~h obliblh` }blgchfhl Jhoblifr

Dryglg @Z `~r ~bthqh n` fhchlihl thfph~, F`qhj/f`qhj qbohaho `~r qhlih~

oblirl~rlifhl }btkrhlihl fbobtnbfhhl @lnglbq`h ,14

Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z drfhl qhkh oblgchf ò`li/ò`li Dbchlnh# ~b~h}` ohchjhl

Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z qbahth qrfhtbch oblprodhli qbdhi`hl fbfhphhl rl~rf }btkrhlihl fbobtnbfhhl @lnglbq h, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z obodrfh }b~ jht~h

fbth~gllph qbt~h oblprodhlifhl rhli }bthf ircnbl Dbchlnh fb}hnh }bihyh` lbibt`#

phli oblihdn` }hnh Tb}rdc`f , Ohfcro qhkh }hnh qhh~ `~r# orch` nht` ]tbq`nbl# Yhf`c]tbq`nbl qho}h` }bihyh` tblnhj j`nr} oblnbt ~h, Rhli ihk` ~`nhf hnh# qbnhli fbcrhtih

jhtrq ohfhl, Dhl~rhl phli n`dbt`fhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z ~btjhnh} }hth }bihyh`

lbibt` phli qb~`h }hnh }btkrhlihl Tb}rdc`f rl~rf oblphodrli j`nr} qbjht`/jht`# dbtht~`

Jhoblifr Dryglg ~bchj dbt}bthl qbt~h oblih~hq` fborlif`lhl/fborlif`lhl }bihyh`lbibt` `~r ~b~h} qb~`h ~btjhnh} Tb}rdc`f# fb~òdhli dbfbtkhqhlh nblihl Dbchlnh nblihl

hchqhl hiht d`qh j`nr} dbtfbarfr}hl, ]bfbtkhhl obodhi`/dhi`fhl rhli Dbchlnh nhcho

qrh~r nhbthj phli n`nrnrf` gcbj Dbchlnh ~`nhj ornhj nhl qhlih~ dbtdhjhph, K`fh rqhjhq}bq`hc dbtqèh~ }gc`~`q `~r n`fb~hjr` orqrj# dbth~chj jrfrohl phli n`kh~rjfhl fb}hnh

}bfbtkh/}btfbtkh qgq`hc# dh`f phli dbfbtkh rl~rf fbcgo}gf }hihyh` }rqh~ ohr}rl rl~rf

fbcgo}gf }bihyh` nhbthj, ]bodhi`hl n`chfqhlhfhl qb~`h} drchl qho}h` ~ìh h~hr bo}h~fhc` nhl }bodhi`hl ~bthfj`t kh~rj dbtqhohhl nblihl fbodhc`lph Pgiphfht~h fb ~hlihl

1= Ibgtib Oa Fhj`l # – Qrc~hl nhl Dbchlnh #‟ nhcho H~ohfrqrohj *bn) # jhc, 894 ‑ 89:,18 Frq~`l`ph~` Ogajht # d`n,14 ^, Qòh~r}hli # Ch}gthl nht` Dhlhthl # g},a`~,# jhc, 50 ‑ 9= ,


89



]b~bt Fhqblnh

T@, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z krih obodbt dhl~rhl fb}hnh }hqrfhl ibt`cph ohr}rl

]hchli Obthj @lnglbq`h, Oblrtr~ Ogj, Jh~~h# krochj qrodhlihl phli n`dbt`fhl

Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z n`}btf`thfhl qbf ~ht còh kr~h ircnbl, Fb~`fh Ogj, Jh~~h dbt~hlph fb}hnh Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z# h}hfhj rhli `~r }btcr n`j`~rli nhl n`dhpht

fbodhc` gcbj T@, ]bt~hlphhl `~r ~hf }btlhj n`khyhd gcbj Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z nhl

oblrtr~ fblph~hllph ~hf }btlhj nìhl~` j`liih qbfhthli, 11

Qrhqhlh hyhc frht~hc }bt~hoh ~hjrl 80>0 qrliirj obo}t`jh~ lfhl rl~rf

fbchliqrlihl j`nr} Tb}rdc`f phli ohq`j ornh rq`h `~r, ]blnbt`~hhl thfph~ ohf`l dbth~qhkh# fbfhahrhl ~btkhn` nòhlh/ohlh nhl fgtdhl fbnrh dbt}`jhf ~b~h} dbtkh~rjhl, Hnh

thqh abohq nhcho n`t` Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z# obc jh~ oblrtrllph qbohlih~ thfph~ nhl

n`hliih} d`qh obtri`fhl }btkrhlihl T@, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z obthqh }btcr

obla`}~hfhl qbdrhj fbkr~hl rl~rf obliirihj fbodhc` qbohlih~ thfph~ nhl oblihnhfhl qbqrh~r phli d`qh oblht`f }btjh~`hl, Fb~ fh `~r Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z qbahth

fbdb~rchl oblnbliht dbt`~h nht` q`hthl crht lbibt` dhjyh }btqblifb~hhl hl~hth T@

nblihl Dbchlnh hfhl n`dàhthfhl nhcho ]DD }hnh hfj`t drchl Ebdtrht` c0>0, Jhoblifr

dbt}`f`t fbthq rl~rf oblaht` khchl fbcrht nhl dbtjhq`c oblborfhllph,

1>

Qbdhihòhlh phli n`hfr`# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z obli`tò qrth~ fb}hnh KblnthcQrn`tohl }hnh hyhc drchl Ebdtrht` c0>0# phli obo`l~h `k`l hiht qr}hph n`hnhfhl

qbthlihl roro# hfhl ~b~h}` }hnh q`hli jht`# phli ohlh oblihlnrli tbq`fg phli dbth~,

Fb`li`lhl `~r n`qb~rkr` gcbj Kblnthc Qrn`tohl# nhl n`lph~hfhl hiht Jhoblifr Dryglg

dbtjrdrlihl chliqrli nblihl Fgohlnhl phli dbtqhlifr~hl# ph ~r Cb~lhl FgcglbcQgbjht~g, ]bt~borhl `~r n`qbcbliihthfhl }hnh ~hliihc 8> Ebdtrht` 80>0 nhl n`}r~rqfhl

rl~rf oblihnhfhl qbthlihl roro }hnh ~hliihc 4: Ebdtrht` 80>0, ^btlph~h tblahlh

~btqbdr~ dgagt qbj`liih oblihcho` }blrlnhhl nhl n`~b~h}fhl }hnh ~hliihc 8 Ohtb~80>0, Qbthlihl Roro phli n`}ò}`l Cb~lhl Fgcglbc Qgbjht~g dbtjhq`c nhl ibt`cphyhl

oblnrnrf` fg~h Pgiphfht~h qbkhf drlp` q`t`lb ~hlnh jhd`q kho ohcho phli n`~b~h}fhl

gcbj Dbchlnh qho}h` q`hli jht`# qbdbcro dhch dhl~rhl Dbchlnh nh~hli nht` qbf`~ht fg~hPgiphfht~h, Obtbfh oho}r dbt~hjhl qbchoh 5 kho, Hnhlph qbthlihl roro `l #

qbohlih~ thfph~ oblkhn` dbtibcgth fbodhc` nhl `fr~ }rch obo}blihtrj` }hlnhlihl

ohqphthfh~ `l~btlhq`glhc dhjyh Tb}rdc`f @lnglbq`h ohq`j hnh, Qrh~r fblph~hhl phli dbtchyhlhl nblihl }tg}hihlnh Dbchlnh, 12

Qbthlihl Roro `l` oblpbdhdfhl Dbchlnh ohthj dbqht ~btjhnh} Jhoblifr

Dryglg @Z, Nrh jht` fborn`hl# Kblnthc Obpbt# ]hlicòh ]hqrfhl ]blnrnrf Dbchlnhoblnh~hli` Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z nblihl n`nhjrcr` qbkrochj }bqhyh~ oblnbtr/nbtr n`

h~hq fbth~gl# dbt}r~ht/}r~ht nhl oblrf`f, Kblnthc Obpbt oblrnrj fhchr Jhoblifr

11

Frq~ l`ph~` Ogaj~ht nhl Tj Frqlhl # – Qbodrlp`/qbodrlp` Obodbt` Dhl~rhl Rhli fb}hnh ]hth]boò}`l Tb}rdc`f #‟ nhcho H~ohfrqrohj *bn) # jhc, 811 ‑ 8>1,1> Frq~`l`ph~` Ogaj~ht # `d`n nhl Qt` Qrc~hl Jhoblifr Dryglg # `d`n ,12 @d`n , Hnh ubtq` ch`l phli oblpbdr~fhl Fgcglbc Dhodhli Qribli qbdhih` }thohfhtqh , ]bt`fqh, T^,D,

Qòh~r}hli # Ch}gthl nht` Dhlhthl# g},a`~ # jhc,5= ,, Hnh }rch phli oblpbdr~fhl Cb~lhl Fgcglbc

Qgbjht~g , ]bt`fqh # HJ Lhqr~`gl # Oboblrj` ]hlii`chl ^rihq ‑ K`c`n 4 H ‑ Fblhlihl Ohqh Ibt`cph #

* Khfht~h ; AU Jhk` Ohqhirli# 80:0 )# jhc, 489 ‑ 425 nhl I , Ny`}hphlh nhl Thohnjhl FJ # Qgbjht~g ‑ ]`f`thl # Rah}hl nhl ^`lnhfhl Qhph # * Khfht~h ; ]^ A`~th Cho~gtg Irli ]btqhnh # 80:0 ) # jhc, 25 ‑ 5>

qbt~h Ohthcrq ]hliihdbhl # Qbthlihl Roro 8 Ohtb~ 80>0 # * Khfht~h ; ct`}q` EQR@ # 80:5 nhl Qbqfghn #

Qbthlihl Roro 8 Ohtb~ # Ch~ht Dbchfhli nhl ]blihtrjlph # ) Dhlnrli # Qbqfghn # 80:0 ) ,


8:



]b~bt Fhqblnh

Dryglg @Z ~bchj oblihnhfhl }bt~borhl thjhq`h nblihl }hth }boò}`l ibtgodgchl

~btgt q qbt~h obodbt`fhl qbkrochj `lq~trfq` fb}hnh obtbfh, N`cbo}htfhl }rch ~rnrjhl

dhjyh Q`~` J`lii`c ~bchj qbt`li oblkhn` qhthli ibtgodgchl ~btgt`q `~r nhl fhchr n`fbkht orlnrt fb fbth~gl nhl oblbodhf nht` h~hq fbth~gl, Fb~`fh Dbchlnh oblihlaho hfhl

obobt`fqh nhl oblnrnrf` fbth~gl phli n`hliih} qbdhih` qhthli ibtgodgchl ~btgt`q `~r#

Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z obo}btq`chjfhl obchfrfhl }bobt`fqhhl# ~b~h}` ~btcbd`j nhjrcrjhtrq obchlifhj` ohph~lph, N`~hl~hli dbi`~r Kblnthc Obpbt oblkhn` qrtr~,15

Qbthlihl roro ~bchj oblihf`dh~fhl dbt}`lnhjlph `l`q`h~`} nht` Dbchlnh fb@lnglbq`h qbt~h oblihl~htfhl fb obkh }btrln`lihl phli hfj`tlph ~btkhn` }btqb~rkrhl

Tgob ‑ Tgpbl, ]bobt`l~hj Nhtrth~ T@ n` Qroh~th obobt`l~hjfhl Jhoblifr Dryglg

@Z rl~rf oblihod`c hc`j }bobt`l~hjhl n` Pgiphfht~h# h}hd`ch Dbchlnh ~bchj orlnrt nht`

Pgiphfht~h# Obliblh` }blibodhc hlPgiphfht~h# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z oblnh}h~nrfrlihl }blrj nht` ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg phli fb~`fh `~r dbthnh n` Dhlifh, ]hnh ~hliihc 5

Krc` 80>0# ]tbq`nbl nhl Yhf`c ]tbq`nbl fbodhc` fb `drfg~h nhl ~ìh jht` fborn`hl Ot,

Qphtègbnn`l ]thy`thlbihth fbodhc` fb Pgiphfht~h oblpbthjfhl fbodhc` ohlnh~lph

fb}hnh ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg, Fb~ fh Yhf`c ]tbq`nbl Ogj, Jh~~h obodbl~rf fhd`lb~ Jh~~h@@# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z n`}`c`j qbdhih` Obl~bt` ]bt~hjhlhl'Fggtn`lh~gt Fbhohlhl

Nhcho Lbibt`,19

Qb~bchj `~r n`qbcbliihthfhl Fgl}btblq` Obkh Drlnht n` Nbl Jhhi phli

dbtchliqrli nht` hfj`t drchl Ebdtrht` qho}h` hyhc drchl Lgubodbt 80>0 Fb~`fh Ogj,

Jh~~h hfhl oboò}`l nbcbihq T@ fb Fglebtblq` Obkh Drlnht n` Lbibt` DbchlnhJhoblifr Dryglg @Z n`~rlkrf qbdhih` ]blkhdh~ ]btnhlh Obl~bt phli qbfhcìrq

obthlifh} qbdhih` Obl~bt ]bt~hjhlhl ,]btrln`lihl nhl }btqb~rkrhl FOD obtr}hfhl

ehqb ~bthfj`t nht` qblifb~h @lnglbq`h ‑ Dbchlnh, Fblnh~` eìrt Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z }bl~`li hfhl ~b~h}` ~`nhf nh}h~ h~hr ~`nhf dgcbj obl`liihcfhl @lnglbq`h rl~rf `fr~ jhn`t

}hnh ehqb ~bthfj`t nht` nthoh fbobtnbfhhl @lnglbq`h , Fb~`fh `~r q`~rhq` ~hlhj h`t ~bthqh

qhlih~ thyhl nhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z jhtrq ~b~h} n` trohj rl~rf oblkhih ihyhliCbd`j nht` còh }rcrj gthli qb}bt~` Ogj, Jh~~h# ^,D, Qòh~r}hli nhl }hth }boò}`l T@

phli ch`llph n` Nbl Jhhi rl~rf dbtrln`li qbj`liih Tb}rdcf`f nhcho fbhnhhl fgqgli ,

Kblnthc/kblnthc FL@C phli dbthnh n` @lnglbq`h ohq`j obo`f`tfhl nhl obtblahlhfhlrl~rf oblihnhfhl hitbq` o c`~bt @@@, Nblihl fbtkh fbthq }bobt`l~hj Dbchlnh d`qh

obtbnho fb`li`lhl Kblnthc/kblnthc FL@C `~r,1:

]hnh ~hliihc 4= Nbqbodbt c0>0 Fgo`~b Lhq`glhc @lnglbq`h ]rqh~ oblpb~rkr` }btqb~rkrhl FOD `~r, Jht` `~r }rch Ogj, Jh~~h phli n`chl~`f qbdhih` ]btnhlh Obl~bt`

gcbj ]tbq`nbl T@Q phli }bt~hoh# Qgbfhtlg# obodbl~rf fhd`lb~ T@Q }bt~hoh# phli ohlh

Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z n`}`c j qbdhih` Obl~bt` ]bt~hjhlhl ]blihfrhl fbnhrch~hl qbahthtbqo` dbtchliqrli n` @q~hlh Fbthkhhl Dbchlnh n` Hoq~btnho, ]hnh jht` `~r krih ~hliihc

49 Nbqbodbt 80>0 n`qbcbliihthfhl r}hahth phli qhoh n` ]hcb`q T`kqy`f *fborn`hl

nìhl~` nblihl lhoh @q~hlh Obtnbfh),Qt` Qrc~hl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z qbdhih` Fb~rhnbcbihq` T@Q nhcho }`nh~glph oblbcrqrt` fbodhc qbkhthj ibthfhl fbobtnbfhhl qbt~h

15 Frq~`l`ph~` Ogaj~ht # `d`n ,19 Crq~`l`ph~ Ogaj~ht # `d`n nhl Qt` Qrc~hl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z # `d`n,1: Ogjhoohn Tgbo# – H}h phli hfhl ~btkhn` nblihl Tb}rdc`f k`fh ^`nhf Hnh Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z #‟

nhcho H~ohfrqrohj *bn) # jhc, 811 ‑ 8>1,


80



]b~bt Fhqblnh

obodbt }blijgtoh~hl fb}hnh obtbfh phli ~bchj obligtdhlfhl k`yhlph nhl krih

fb}hnh obtbfh phli ~bchj oblprodhlifhl }`f`thllph fb hthj ~btyrkrnlph jht` phli

dbqht `~r,10 Dblnbth D`tr ]r~`j Obthj n`~rtrlfhl nhl nìhl~` nblihl dblnbth Qhli QhfhObthj ]r~`j dbtf`dht n` qbcrtrj ~hlhj ~rohj nhthj @lnglbq`h# ~b~h}` n` @t`hl Dhth~

dblnbth ~ìh yhtlh Dbchlnh ohq`j dbtf`dht, Dbtht~` }btkrhlihl obli`dhtfhl dblnbth n`

qbcrtrj Lrqhl~hth dbcro qbcbqh`,

Obl~bt` ]bt~hjhlhl

Fb~`fh `~r Ogj, Jh~~h nhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z n`jhnh}fhl }hnh }bodbl~rfhl

qbdrhj fbcgo}gf dhi` }bodbl~rfhl Hlifh~hl ]bthli Tb}rdc`f @lnglbq`h Qbt fh~,Obtbfh obli`q` fbnrnrfhl‑fbnrnrfhl phli }hc`li h~hq nblihl }bty`th/}bty`th phli

~bchj oblnh}h~ fb}btahphhl nht` Kblnthc Qrn`tohl nhl n`hliih} oho}r dbtfgorl`fhq`

nblihl obtbfh, Khdh~hl ]hlicòh Hlifh~hl ]bthli n`jh}rqfhl# nhl ^,D, Qòh~r}hli

n`hlifh~ oblkhn` Fb}hch Q~he Hlifh~hl ]bthli nblihl }hlifh~ Kblnthc Ohpgt, Fgcglbc Lhqr~`gl n`dbt` khdh~hl Fb}hch Q~he HN# Fgogngt Qrtphnhtoh qbdhih` Fb}hch Q~he HR

nhl Qrd`khf~g qbdhih` Fb}hch Q~he HC, Fgcglbc J`nhkh~ n`~bo}h~ qbdhih` }bty`th phli

~`lii` }hlifh~lph nhcho Fbobl~bt`hl ]bt~hjhlhl, Nblihl nbo`f`hl# qborh khdh~hl }hc`li h~hq nhchl Hlifh~hl ]bthli dbthnh n`~hlihl }bty`th/}bty`th dbfhq FL@C,

]bobt`l~hjhl Ogj, Jh~~h dbt~bfhn rl~rf obla`r~fhl krochj }btqgl`c qbt~hobl`lifh~fhl fbhjc`hl nhl or~r }bln`n`fhl }hth }bty`th nhl }thkrt`~ qbj`liih ~bl~hth

ibt`cph qbahth dbthliqrt/hliqrt nh}ht n`rdhj oblkhn` ~bl~hth fglublq`glhc phli ognbtl,

N`tblahlhfhl hfhl n`qbcbliihthfhl }tgitho ch~`jhl/ch~ jhl nhl }bln`n`fhl }hnh ~hjrl

8028, Rl~rf oblah}h` ~rkrhl `~r n`dbl~rf `lq}bf~gth~/`lq`}bf~gth~ rl~rf `lehl~bt #fhubcbt # nhl hc~bt` }hnh ~`lifh~ Ohtfhq Dbqht# ohq`li/ohq`li nblihl }rqh~ ch~ jhl

rl~rf q`q~bo fbqblkh~hhllph phli fjrqrq, ^b~h}` n` fhchlihl }hth }bty`th ~`nhf hnh

qbgthli }rl phli oboblrj` qphth~ rl~rf dbt~`lnhf qbdhih` `lq~trf~rt }hnh ~`lifh~ phlicbd`j ~`lii`, Fhtblh `~r Hlifh~hl Nhth~ qhlih~ dbtihl~rli }hnh O`q` O`c`~bt Dbchlnh#

phli dbtnhqhtfhl Fgl}btblq` Obkh Drlnht hfhl oblbo}h~fhl qbkrochj dbqht `lq~trf~rt

n` @lnglbq`h nblihl ~rkrhl obch~`j ^L@ HN,

^b~h}` qb~bchj fglq`~rq` ebnbthc n`jh}rqfhl }hnh drchl Hirq~rq c02=#

}bobt`l~hjhl Ogj, Jh~~h nìhl~`fhl nblihl qbdrhj }bobt`l~hjhl lbihth fbqh~rhl, Ogj,Jh~~h fbodhc` oblkhn` Yhf`c ]tbq`nbl, ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg oblrlkrf Ogjhoohn Lh~q`t

* Ohqpro` ) rl~rf obodbl~rf fhd`lb~, Fb~`fh fhd`lb~ Lh~q`t ~btdbl~rf }hnh ~hliihc 5

Qb}~bodbt c02=# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z phli ~`nhf dbt}ht~h` ~bt} c`j oblkhn` Yhf`c

]btnhlh Obl~bt , Nblihl }blrlkrffhl `~r hlifh~hl nhth~ oblnh}h~ ngtglihl nhlnrfrlihl dhi` }btdh`fhl nhcho ~bl~hth, Fhtblh Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z nhl hlifh~hl

nhth~ }btlhj oblkhc`l jrdrlihl phli bth~ nhcho yhf~r phli arfr} choh nhl }rlph

}blibt~`hl ~òdhc/dhc`f# phli oblpbdhdfhl }blihfh~hllph ohf`l obt}btbth~ jrdrlihlhl~hth }ò}`lhl ~bl~hth nhl }bobt`l~hj, Fhd`lb~ Lh~q`t jhlph dbtchliqrli qbdbl~ht#

Fhtblh n`kh~rjfhl gcbj }ht~h`/}ht~h` fba`c nhl fc`f/fc`f nhcho }ht~h`lph qbln`t`, Lh~q`t

oblirlnrtfhl n`t` }hnh ~hliihc 48 Ohtb~ 8028, Fbkh~rjhl fhd`lb~ `l` ~btr~hoh fhtblh @h

10 ^F At`~jcbp # g}, a`~ ,


4=



]b~bt Fhqblnh

dbtrqhjh obo}btq`h}fhl }bo`c`jhl roro phli n`}btf`thfhl hfhl ornhj nòblhlifhl

gcbj Ohqpro`,

Fborn`hl n`dbl~rf fhd`lb~ Qrfòhl Y`tkgqhlnkgkg *Ohqpro ) }hnh ~hliihc 45

H}t`c 802=# phli dbtchlnhqfhl }hnh }hnh Ohqpro`# nblihl oblibarhc`fhl Lh~q`t nhl

fhyhl/fhyhllph qbt~h ]L@ ohr}rl ]Q@, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z qbln`t` ~`nhf dbtqbn`hnrnrf nhcho fhd`lb~ Qrfòhl, ^`nhf ohqrflph Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z nhcho fhd`lb~

rl~rf }bt~hoh fhc`lph qbkhf ~hjrl 80>5 ~bchj obo}btcbohj jrdrlihl ~bl~hth nblihl

fhd`lb~, ^btdrf~`lph nblihl ~btkhn`lph fglec`f nblihl ~bl~hth, Ot, Orjhoohn Pho`l#Obl~bt` Fbjhfòhl nhcho fhd`lb~ Qrfòhl }hnh hyhc drchl Krl` 8028 obodbdhqfhl

02= gthli ~hjhlhl# ~btohqrf dbdbth}h fhro f`t ~btfborfh, ]`jhf ~bl~hth qbibth

oblhlifh} fbodhc fbarhc obtbfh phli dbtjhq c obcht`fhl n`t`, ]hnh qhh~ `~r ~btnh}h~

89,=== gthli ~hjhlhl# qbdhi`hl dbqht dbcro n`~rl~r~# phli ~bchj n`~hjhl gcbj }`jhf ~bl~hth fhtblh ~btc`dh~ nhcho fbcgo}gf }bodbtgl~hf h~hr }blkhjh~, ]btirch~hl hyhc

hl~hth }bobt`l~hj q`}`c nhl }`jhf o c ~bt oblpbdhdfhl Ot, Orjhoohn Pho`l

obcb~hffhl khdh~hl, ]bobt`l~hjhl Qrfòhl }rl ~`nhf dbtchliqrli choh, ]blhlifh}hl

~btjhnh} gthli/gthli Fgorl`q phli n`}bt`l~hjfhl nhl n`chfqhlhfhl gcbj }gc`q`# ~btlph~h~`nhf }g}rcbt, Qbch`l `~r fbd`khfqhlhl }gc`~`f crht lbibt` phli dbtibqbt fb Hobt`fh

Qbt`fh~ ~bchj oblphchj` nht` q`fh} lb~thc nhcho ]bthli N`li`l, Qb~bchj obo}btgcbj~hl~hlihl nht` Lh~q`t nhlnht }ht~lbt/}ht~lbt nhcho fghc`q`# Qrfòhl Y`tkgqhlnkgkg

oblirlnrtfhl n`t` }hnh ~hliihc 41 Ebdtrht` c024,

]hnh ~hliihc 1= Ohtb~ c024# Y cg}g *]L@) oblpbthjfhl nhe~ht hliig~hfhd`lb~lph fb}hnh ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg rl~rf oblnh}h~ }btqb~rkrhl, ]bobt l~hjhllph

n`nhqhtfhl h~hq ]L@# Ohqpro`# ]Q@# fbnrh }ht~h` ft`q~bl fba`c# ]Q@@, ]ht~h` Drtrj nhl

qbdrhj }ht~h` lhq`glhc`q phli cbd`j fba c, N` hl~hth hliig~h fhd`lb~ phli ~`nhf obo}rlph` `fh~hl ~btnh}h~ Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z phli fbodhc oblkhn` obl~bt

}bt~hjhlhl, Nblihl fbodhc`lph Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z }hnh khdh~hl obl~bt` }bt~hjhlhl

n`}btf`thfhl hfhl obo}btdh`f` jrdrlihl hl~hth }ò}`lhl ~bl~hth nhl }bobt`l~hj^b~h}` krq~tr nhcho fhd`lb~ Y`cg}g `l` chj jrdrlihl q`}`c o`c`~bt oblihcho` ft`q`q phli

}hc`li qbt`rq, >=

F`qhjlph dbtorch nht` ~hl~hlihl Fgc, Dhodhli Qr}blg ~btjhnh} rqhjh phli

n`chfrfhl gcbj }ò}`lhl Hlifh~hl ]bthli T@# fjrqrqlph Fb}hch Q~he HN, Fgc, H,J,

Lhqr~`gl,Dbfhq G}q`t ]B^H nht` Khyh ^òrt nhl Fgohlnhl Hfhnbo` Ajhlnthnòrfh

phli ~bchj n`drdhtfhl ~r oblbl~hli }tgebq`glhc qhq` *phli obodbt`fhl }t gt`~hq }hnhfbhjc`hl nhl drfhl fb}hnh l`ch`/l`ch` q}t`~rhc) }hnh ~bl~hth nblihl ahth oblnh~hli`

qbkrochj }bty`th fborn`hl obodrh~ qbdrhj }btlph~hhl phli qb~rkr fhchr Fgc, H,J,

Lhqr~`gl nìhl~ , Ibthfhl Dhodhli Qr}blg `~r oblnh}h~ nrfrlihl nht` ]tbq`nblQgbfhtlg, Jhc `l` oblpbdhdfhl Obl~bt ]bt~hjhlhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z Jhoblifr

Dryglg @Z# FQH] Kblnthc Ohpgt ^,D, Qòh~r}hli nhl Fgc, HJ Lhqr~`gl dbtfrlkrli

fb @q~hlh rl~rf obo`l~h }blkbchqhl# dbtfh`~hl nblihl nrfrlihl phli n`dbt`fhl gcbj]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg>8 N` nhcho }bt~borhl phli obliirlhfhl dhjhqh Dbhclnh `~r ~btkhn`

>= Rce Qrlnjhrqqbl # g},a`~,# jhc, :5 ‑ 8=9 ,>8 ^,D, Qòh~r}hli #‟ Dhihòhlh Qbgthli Qrc~hl d`qh dbt}bthl nhcho Tb}rdc`f phli n`chj`tfhl Tbugcrq`

Fbthfph~hl –# nhcho H~ohfqrohj *bn) # jhc, 8>4 ‑ 829,


48



]b~bt Fhqblnh

}btnbdh~hl phli bogq`glhc,>4 Jhc }bt~borhl `~r ~bchj oblihl~htfhl Fb}hch Q~he HN Fgc,

H,J, Lhqr~`gl obodbdhq ~rihqfhl Fgc, Dhodhli Qgb}blg phli ohq`j obo}rlph`

jrdrlihl fbcrhtih khrj nblihl ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg,>1

Fbahohl/fbahohl }rl dbtorlarchl nhcho }htcbobl nhl n`hthjfhl fb}hnh

Obl~bt ]bt~hjhlhl# Fb}hch Q~he H] nhl Fb}hch Q~he HN, Fbahohl ~btqbdr~ hl~hth ch`loblphlifr~ qghc }blhlihlhl fbhnhhhl }bthli nhtrth~# }btchfrhl h~hq n`t` Fgc, Dhodhli

Qgb}blg phli n`chfrfhl gcbj h~hqhllph# }bla`r~hl krochj hliig~h ~bl~hth nht` 4==,===

oblkhn` :=,=== ~bl~hth qhkh, Ohqhchj ch`l phli n`rlifh}fhl ~bl~hli aho}rt ~hlihlo`c ~bt nhcho }bodbl~rfhl fhd`lb~# O`q` O`c ~bt Dbchlnh nhl }blihlhfbohqhl dbfhq

FL@C qbt~h }blprnr~hl }btqgl`c ]B^H nhl Chqfht,

Hnh fb`li`lhl nht` Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z hiht ohqhchj phli dbtorhth }hnhqrth~ Fgc, Dhodhli Qr}blg n`qbthjfhl qhkh }hnh }bobt`l~hj# ~b~h}` fb`li`lhl `~r ~hf

~btfhdrc, ]rlahf nht` }btigchfhl `l`# ~bchj oblòdrcfhl ogq` ~`nhf }btahph fb}hnh

}bobt`l~hj, Hnh ~ìh ogq` phli n`hkrfhl fb}hnh }bobt`l~hj }hnhqhh~ `~r# phfl` Og{`

[h`lrc Dhjhtrnn`l nhl @t, Qhfòhl *]F@)# Ogq` @K Fhqòg *]ht~h` Fh~gc`f) nhl OgqÒhlh` Qg}j`hl *]L@), Ogq` Ohlh` Qg}j`hl *phli qhchj qh~r `q`lph hnhchj oblnbqhf

fb}hnh }bobt`l~hj hiht qbibth oblihfj`t }bliirlhhl O`q` O`c ~bt Dbchlnh) `lòblnh}h~ nrfrlihl nht` ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg# phli hfj`tlph oboblhlifhl }borlir~hl

qrhth nblihl }btdhln`lihl qrhth 08 chyhl 2>, >>

Fbbqgfhl jht`lph# ~hliihc 89 Hirq~rq c024# orlarc ohqqh thfph~ qbf`~ht 1=,===,Obtbfh `l` dbdbth}h qhh~ oblnrnrf` ]htcbobl nhl dbtnbogl~thq` n` nb}hl @q~hlh

Obtnbfh phli fborn`hl oblrl~r~ n`drdhtfhllph ]htcbobl phli n`hliih} ~`nhf

obyhf`c` hq}`thq` thfph~ qbt~h qbcbfhq orlif`l n`qbcbliihthfhl ]bo`c`jhl Roro, N`jhnh}hl ohqqh thfph~ `~r# ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg oblph~hfhl dhjyh fhchr `h qb~rkr

]bo`c`jhl Roro jhtrq n`chfqhlhfhl qbab}h~ orlif`l, Rl~rf oblah}h` ~rkrhl `~r#

n`}btcrfhl qbkrochj }btq`h}hl phli oh~hli, ^b~h}` Qgbfhtlg ~`nhf qb}blnh}h~ fhchrfbfrhqhhl cbi`qch~è n`qbthjfhl fb}hnh bfqbfr~è# fhtblh fb`li`lhllph `~r jhlph

obodrh~ n`t`lph oblkhn` qbgthli n`f~hf~gt qhkh, Fborn`hl Qgbfhtlg obobt`l~hjfhl

ohqqh thfph~ hiht obodrdhtfhl n`t` nhl ohqqh thfph~ obli`fr~` }bt`l~hj `~r, >2

Qbqrnhj `~r n`hnhfhl }bt~borhl phli n`jhn`t` gcbj ]tbq`nbl# Yhf`c ]tbq`nbl#

]btnhlh Obl~bt` Y`cg}g# Fb~rh N]TQ Ot, ^hodrlhl# Obl~bt ]bt~hjhlhl Jhoblifr

Dryglg @Z nhl Fb}hch Q~he H] Ohpgt Kblnthc ^D Qòh~r}hli nhl }hth }bty`th phli dbthnh n`dhc`f ibthfhl `~r, ]bty`th/}bty`th `~r oblph~hfhl dhjyh N]TQ ~`nhf

tb}tbqbl~h~ e# phli oblpbdhdfhl ~btkhn`lph fb~`nhfq~hd chl }gc ~`f qbj`liih

oblpbdhdfhl fhd`lb~ ~`nhf d`qh oblkhchlfhl }tgitho nblihl yhf~r phli obohnh`,Aho}rt ~hlihl N]TQ ~btjhnh} fbd`khfqhlhhl ^L@ qhlih~ obodhjhphfhl lbihth,

Fhtblh `~rchj N]TQ nò`l~h obodrdhtfhl n`t` nhl n`qbcbliihthfhl }bo`c`jhl roro

qbab}h~ orlif`l, ]hth }bty th `~r oblnbqhf hiht ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg obliihl~`fhl

>4 ^,D, Qòh~r}hli # Obodrf~`fhl Fb~`nhfdblhthl Qrh~r O`~gq #‟ g}, a`~# jhc, 8> ‑ 8: ,>1 Rce Qrlnjhrqqbl # g},a`~# jhc, 88>,>> @d`n nhl H J Lhqr~`gl # – 89 Gf~gdbt 8024 #‟ nhcho Qg}bdhi`kg @L # Y`cg}g 9= ^hjrl # * Khfht~h ;

Irlrli Hirli # 8090 ) # jhc, 151 ‑ 1:0,>2 @d`n nhl Kgjl N, Cbiib # D`githe` ]gc`~`f Qrfhtlg # * Khfht~h ; Q`lht Jhth}hl # 80:2 ) # jhc, 4>1 ‑ 4>>,


44



]b~bt Fhqblnh

fhd`lb~ phli hnh nblihl ~t`rouh~ Qgbfhtlg# Ogj, Jh~~h nhl Jhoblifr Dryglg,

]bt~borhl `~r ~`nhf oblijhq`cfhl qrh~r }blpbcbqh`hl,>5

]bt`q~`yh `l` oblòdrcfhl dbtdhih` }blheq`thll, Hnh phli oblpbdr~fhl dhjyh

]bt`q~`yh 89 Gf~gdbt c0>2 qbdhih` rqhjh frnb~h qbdhihòhlh phli n`fh~hfhl gcbj hjc`

}gc`~`f ~bl~hli @lnglbq`h# Jbtdbt~ Eb`~j,>9

Qbdhc`flph phli oblph~hfhl dhjyh `~r drfhlfrnb~h o`c`~bt hnhchj ]btnhlh Obl~bt` Y`cg}g# Obl~bt` ]bt~hjhlhl Jhoblifr Dryglg

@Z# Fb}hch Q~he H] Ohpgt Kblnthc ^D Qòh~r}hli nhl Fb}hch Q~he HN H,J,

Lhqr~`gl ,>: ^b~h}` phli kbchq# fbihihchl hfq` 89 Gf~gdbt c024 `~r n`qbdhdfhl hnhlph }btdbnhhl n` fhchlihl ^L@ qbln`t` , >0

^btlph~h ]bt`q~`yh 89 Gf~gdbt 8024 ~bchj oblòdrcfhl tbhfq` hl~` 89 Gf~gdbt

8024 nhcho c`lifrlihl ^L@ HN, N` ^bl~hth nhl ^bt`~gt`ro U@@ ' Qrchybq` }hnh ~hliihc85 Lgubodbt 8024# Fb}hch Q~he ^^ U@@ Cb~lhl Fgcglbc Yhttgry# obchcr` q`hthl TT@

Ohfhqht oblph~hfhl oblihod`c hc`j }ò}`lhl ^^ U@@ nht` ]hlicòh Fgcglbc Ih~g~

Qrdtg~g# phli n`hliih} ~btohqrf fbcgo}gf }tg 89 Gf~gdbt 8024,2= Fgc, Dhodhli

Qribli phli dhtr qhkh obliihl~`fhl Fgc, HJ Lhqr~`gl qbdhih` Fb}hch Q~he HN# qbahthtbqo` obchl~`f Cb~lhl Fgcglbc Yhttgry qbdhih` ^bl~hth ^bt`~gt`ro ^òrt, Jhc `~r ~`nhf

n`~bt oh gcbj Obl~bt` ]bt~hjhlhl Jhoblifr Dryglg# fhtblh ~`lnhfhl qbohaho `~r dhtr d`qh n`hod c qb~bchj hnh `{`l nht`lph, Fhd`lb~ Y cg}g nhcho q`nhlilph

obodblhtfhl ~`lnhfhl Fgc, Dhodhli Qribli nhl qbdhih` hf`dh~lph Jhoblifr

Dryglg @Z oblirlnrtfhl n`t , Fhtblh obl~bt /obl~bt` nht ]Q@ oblihaho hfhl

oblirlnrtfhl n`t # fhd`lb~ Y cg}g oblibodhc fhl fb}r~rqhl `~r, I`cc`thl Fgc,Dhodhli Qribli oblihlaho hfhl obcb~hffhl khdh~hl , Fborn`hl fhd`lb~ Y cg}g

obor~rqfhl rl~rf oblihfr` Cb~fgc Yhttgry qbdhih` }blkhdh~ ]hlicòh ^^ ' Qrchybq` ,

Qbqrnhj Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z fbcrht nht` fhd`lb~# Ot, Y`cg}g obthlifh} qbdhihÒbl~bt` ]bt~hjhlhl ,28

Fb~`fh fhd`lb~ Hc` Qhq~tgho`nkgkg @@ qbnhli dbtchliqrli # ~btkhn`chj }bthqhhlphli ~`nhf }rhq n` nhbthj Qroh~th nhl Qrchybq` #nblihl hcgfhq` dbhph }bodhlirlhl

phli n`~btòh nht` }bobt`l~hj }rqh~, Qbch`l `~r obthfh ~`nhf oblhtrj fb}btahphhl }hnh

}bobt`l~hj, Fb~`nhf}rhqhhl qbt~h fbfbabyhhl `l` fborn`hl n`qbt~h` nblihl }bodbl~rfhl Nbyhl Dhl~bli# Nbyhl Ihnkhj nhl Nbyhl Ihtrnh# phli }hnh nhqhtlph

obli`li`lfhl hnh g~glgo` qbcrhq/crhqlph qbdhih` r}hph obo}btchlaht rqhjh

}bodhlirlhl n` nhbthj, Tbl~b~hl nht` }bt`~`yh `~r ~btlph~h n``fr~` ]hlicòh ^^ U@@

Cb~fgc, Ubl~kb Qrorhc nblihl obo}tgfchohq`fhl ]`hiho ]btkgblihl Thfph~ Qbobq~h

>5 Phjph H, Orjhò`l # ]btfbodhlihl O`c`~bt nhcho ]gc`~`f n` @lnglbq`h 80>2 ‑ 8052 #‟ * Pgiphfht~h ;

Ihnkhj Ohnh Rlùbtq`~p ]tbqq # 8=:4 ) # jhc, 91 ‑ 9> ,>9

Jbtdbt~ Eb`~j # ^jb Nbac`lb ge Aglq~`~rq`glhc Nbogathap `l @lnglobq`h #‟ * @~jhah LP ; AgtlbccRlùbq`tp ]tbqq # 8054 ) # jhc, 442 ‑ 1=4 ,>: ^,D, Qòh~r}hli # – Dhihòhlh Qbgthli Qrc~hl d`qh dbt}bthl nhcho Tb}rdc`f phli n`chj`tfhl Tbugcrq`Fbthfph~hl #‟ g},a`~ nhl Oboght HJ Lhqr~`gl # – Htq`} J`nr} Qbkhthj ]btkrhlihl #‟ ^bo}g # 42 Ohtb~

80:0 ,>0 Irp K ]hrfbt #; ^jb Tgcb ge ^jb O`c ~htp `l @lnglbq`h #‟ nhcho Kgjl K Kgjl *bn) #^jb Tgcb ge ^jb

O`c`~htp `l Rlnbtnbubcg} Agrl~t`bq #‟ * ]t`labl~gl/Lby Kbtqbp ‑ ]t`labl~gl Rlùbtq`~p ]tbqq# 8095 )# jhc,

4=: ‑ 4=0 ,2= Lritgjg Lg~gqrqhl~g *bn) # ]bkrhli nhl ]thkrt`~ # * Khfht~h ; Q`lht Jhth}hl # 80:> # jhc, 9= ‑ 94,28 Rce Qrlnjhrqqbl # g},a`~,# jhc, 814,


41



]b~bt Fhqblnh

*]btobq~h) phli obc`}r~` y`chphj Qrchybq`# Fb}rchrhl Lrqh~bliihth nhl Ohcrfr }hnh

~hliihc 4 Ohtb~ 8029 n` Ohfhqqht, ]bt`q~`yh‑}bt`q~`yh `~r ~bchj obcbohjfhl fbnrnrfhl

Fhd`lb~ Hc` Qhq~tgho`nkgkg @@, ^hf choh qb~bchj orlarclph Nbyhl Ohlirl` n` Ohlhng }hnh ~hliihc 8> Ohtb~ 8029, ]btnhlh Obl~bt Hc` Qhq~tgo`nkgkg oblibodhc fhl

ohlnh~lph fb}hnh ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg,

Fhd`lb~ Nkrhlnh phli ~btdbl~rf }hnh ~hliihc 80 H}t`c c029 rl~rf obtbnhfhl

}btigchfhl nhbthj/nhbthj oblpbcbliihthfhl Orqphyhthj Lhq`glhc phli n`hnhfhl }hnh

~hliihc 8= ‑ 8> Qb}~bodbt 8029, ]bt~borhl `~r n`jhn`t` gcbj ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg# Yhf`c]tbq`nbl Ogj, Jh~~h# ~gfgj/~gfgj lhq`glhc nhl nhbthj, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z nhl ]hfr

Hcho U@@ nh~hli obyhf c` Nhbthj @q~ obyh Pgiphfht~h, Ohqhchj/ohqhchj phli

n`dàhthfhl nhcho Orqphyhthj Lhq`glhc `~r# hl~hth ch`l# ohqhchj/ohqhchj }bobt`l~hjhl#

}btqghchl/}btqghchl nhbthj# bfglgo # fbrhlihl# Hlifh~hl ]bthli# fb}ht~h`hl qbt~hohqhchj phli oblphlifr~ Ny`~rliihc Qgbfhtlg/Jh~~h,Orqphyhthj Lhq`glhc fborn`hl

n`chlkr~fhl nblihl Orqphyhthj Lhq`glhc ]bodhlirlhl }hnh ~hliihc 42 Lgubodbt ‑ >

Nbqbodbt 8029 n` Khfht~h, N` c`lifrlihl Hlifh~hl Nhth~ rl~rf obodhl~r oblih~hq`

}btqghchl Hlifh~hl Nhth~ ~bchj n`dbl~rf }hl`~`h phli ~btn`t` nht` 9 gthli phli n`qbdr~]hl`~`h ^rkrj, ]hl`~`h `l` ~btn`t` nht` ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg# Yhf`c ]tbq`nbl Ogj, Jh~~h#

]btnhlh Obl~bt Nkrhlnh# yhf`c ]btnhlh Obl~bt Nt, Cbòblh# Lbd~bt Fbqbjh~hlFgcglbc nt, H{`q Qhcbj # Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z nhl FQHN Kblnthc HJ Lhqr~`gl, ^rihq

}hl`~`h `l` hnhchj obtrorqfhl }r~rqhl/}r~rqhl rl~rf oblpbcbqh`fhl ohqhchj Hlifh~hl

Nhth~,

^b~h}` qbdbcro ]hl`~`h ^rkrj oblirorofhl jhq`c fbtkhlph ~btkhn` }btagdhhl

}bodrlrjhl ~btjhnh} ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg }hnh ~hliihc 1= Lgubodbt 8029 phli

fborn`hl n`fblhc nblihl ]bt q~ yh A`f`l` , ]bt q~ yh `l` oblpbdhdfhl ~btkhn`lphfb~bihlihl hl~hth }bobt`l~hj }rqh~ nblihl nhbthj dbtigchf ]hth }bty`th n` nhbthj/

nhbthj phli dbtigchf `l` fborn`hl oblihnhfhl qbkrochj }bt~borhl# phli ohlh

hfj`tlph }hnh ~hliihc c= Ebdtrht c02:, Fgc, Hjohn Jrqb`l h~hq lhoh Nbyhl]btkrhlihl oblibcrhtfhl rc~òh~ro fb}hnh }bobt`l~hj }rqh~ phli oblph~hfhl dhjyh

Fhd`lb~ Nkrhlnh jhtrq oblirlnrtfhl n`t` nhcho yhf~r 2 Z 4> kho, ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg

nò`l~h obodbt` ohlnh~ fb}hnh Ogj, Jh~~h nhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z rl~rf obodbl~rf fhd`lb~ dhtr# ph ~r fhd`lb~ {hfbl fhd`lb~ phli ~btn`t nht ~gfgj/~gfgj

~btfborfh phli krkrt# n`qbihl` nhl ahfh} qbt~h hl~ Fgorl`q,Fb}r~rqhl `l` qbch`l

n`qho}h`fhl fb}hnh ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg# krih fb}hnh ]btnhlh Obl~bt Nkrhlnh# Nt,

Ogjhoohn Jh~~h# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z nhl Ot, Qht~glg# Fb~rh ]htcbobl, ]btlph~hhl`l` fborn`hl n`qrqrc nblihl }tgfchohq` dbtn`t`lph ]bobt`l~hj Tbugcrq`glbt Tb}rdc`f

@lnglbq`h nblihl Qphtègbnn`l ]thy`thlbihth qbdhih` ]btnhlh Obl~bt` }hnh ~hliihc 82

Ebdtrht` 802: Fborn`hl dbtfgdht }bt~bo}rthl n` Qroh~th ^blihj nhl Qrchybq` R~hthqbkhf drchl H}t`c c02:, 24

Qb~bchj dbthnh n` crht fhd`lb~ qbchoh 8 nhqhyhtqh# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Znò`l~h nrnrf nhcho fhd`lb~ fbtkh @U *81 Lgubodbt c051 ‑ 49 Hirq~rq c05>) nhl

fhd`lb~ Ny`fgth *49 Hirq~rq c05> ‑ 49 Ohtb~ 8055) phli ohlh ]btnhlh Obl~bt`lph

hnhchj ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg# qbdhih` Obl~bt`'Fb~rh Dhnhl ]bobt`fqh Fbrhlihl phli

24 Ohtyh~` Nkgblbn ]gbq}glbigtg nhl Lritg Jg~gqrqhl~g # g}, a`~# jhc, 494 ‑ 4:9 ,


4>



]b~bt Fhqblnh

dbt~rihq –rl~rf obobt`fqh ~hliirli khyhd fbrhlihl lbihth– nhl –jhq`c }bobt`fqhhl

n`dbt ~hjrfhl fb}hnh Nbyhl ]btyhf`chl Thfph~# qbdhihòhlh n`hohlh~fhl RRN 80>2

*}hqhc 41 hph~ 8), ^b~h}` nblihl hnhlph RR Lg, 89 ~hjrl 52# ch}gthl n`hc`jfhl fb}hnh]tbq`nbl, D]F Ihph Dhtr nùbt}gc`~`q`t, ]bodbl~rfhl D]F Ihph Dhtr }hnh }gfgflph

nhcho thlifh ob/Lhqhfgofhl qbcrtrj h}hth~rt lbihth, ]bt`jhc `l` nh}h~ n`dhah nhcho

fglq`nbthlq RR Lg, 89 '8052 phli oblph~hfhl dhjyh qrqrlhl D]F Ihph Dhtr~btohqfrn ~btn`t nht` ~blhih/~blhih phli obo}rlph` nrfrlihl ohqphthfh~ phli

~btgtihl q`t rl~rf obo}btfrfrj qborh h}hth~rt lbihth nhl rl~rf oblah}h`

}bli`l~btibthq`hl hl~hth }bobt`l~hj nhl thfph~ nhcho dbl~rf ig~gli tgpgli lhq`glhc#tbugcr`glbt# }tgitbqè tbugcr`glbt dbt}gtgqfhl Lhqhfgo, F`thlph nhcho fbhnhhl

nbo`f`hl `~r# qrc`~ dhi` Dhnhl `l` nhcho }bchfqhlhhllph ~rihqlph qbahth gdpbf~è nhl

dbdhq, Drfhl ~`nhf orlif`l h}hd`ch oblijhnh}` ~bohl qb}ht~h`'igcglihl hfhl dbtchfr

}b}h~hj –^`dh n` oh~h n`}à`lifhl# ~`dh n` }btr~ n`fbo}bqfhl ,‟,21

Obodhlirl Bfglgo`

N` h~hq fh}hc }btrqhf – Ihnkhj Ohnh‟ #phli qbnhli oblihtrli` chr~ Khyh nhcho

thlifh oblphfq`fhl ch~`jhl HCT@, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z phli fb~ fh `~r Obl~bt`]bt~hjhlhl *c024) qbnhli ~btoblrli/oblrli obohlnhli fb nb}hl qbhfhl/qbhfhl

oblihnhfhl jrdrlihl nblihl Lph` Cgtg F`nrc , Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z lho}hflph

~blihj dbtrqhjh obohlnhli n` dhc`f ahfthyhch nhl }hnh qhh~ `~r Jhoblifr Dryglg @Zoblih~hfhl }hnh yht~hyhl Htlgcn A, Dthafohl nht` Rl`~bn ]tbbq – Qhh~ ‑qhh~ phli

}blrj dhjhph nhl fbqrfhthl dbthnh n` nb}hl f ~h –, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z

obt}btf`thfhl hfhl ~btkhn` }btqbfr~rhl hl~hth ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg nhl ]F@# phliobtr}hfhl }bt~hlnh dblahlh dhi` @lnglbq`h , ]bt`q~`yh ~btkhn` còh jht` qb~bchj ]F@

obthphfhl rchli ~hjrllph phli fb~ìh }rcrj nrh nblihl qcgihl dhtr – J`nr} Qgbfhtlg(

J`nr} ]F@ ( – 2>

Qbkhf dbtchfrlph Nbogfthq ^bt}ò}`l# ]F@ obtr}hfhl qbfr~r }hc`li nbfh~ nht`

]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg nhl ]F@ dbthnh n`dhyhj }hprli fbfrhqhhl ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg,]F@

nblihl qhlih~ dbtjhq`c ~bchj oblibfq}cg`~ q`t ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg, ]F@ dbtjhq`c obodrh~q`~rhq` n` ohlh ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg hfhl obthqh dbtjr~hli }hnhlph, Dhjfhl fb~ fh

qb~bchj ~btkhn` ]bt`q~`yh I1=Q ' ]F@ ]tbq`nbl ~`nhf dbtqbn`h obodrdhtfhl ]F@ nblihl

hchqhl ]F@ – obtr}hfhl }bcg}gt fbfrh~hl/fbfrh~hl tbugcrq` – nhl ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg –obodr~rjfhllph dhi` }bchfqhhhl fbhn`chl qgq`hc nhl ohqphthfh~ phli ohfort –,

Fb~birjhllph obo}bt~hjhlfhl fglqb} Lhqhfgo ~bchj oblpbdhdfhl ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg

tgl~gf nht` fbfrhqhhllph , 22

21 D, Thjohl #‟ Dhnhl ]bobt`fqh Fbrhlihl nhl Fbort`l`hl RRN 80>2 # nhcho Tbnhfq` Bfglgo` Jht`hl

Fgo}hq # Oblaht` Dbl~rf Bfglgo` @lnglbq`h ‑ Dbdbth}h ]bo`f`thl Bfglgo` @lnglbq`h 8052 ‑ 80:8 #

*Khfht~h ; Ithobn`h # 80:4 ) # jhc, :1 ‑ 0= ,2> Htlgcn A, Dthafohl #‟ Qbgthli Khyh phli Dbqht Qbgthli @lnglbq`h phli Dbqht #‟ nhcho H~ohfrqrohj

*bn) # jhc, 491 ‑ 4>8,22 Dbtlhtn Nhjo # Qrfhtlg nhl ]btkrhlihl Fbobtnbfhhl # * Khfht~h ; C]1BQ # 80:9 ) # jhc, zcù ‑ cu`` ,


42



]b~bt Fhqblnh

Qb~bchj ~btkhn`lph ]bt`q~ yh I/1= ‑Q']F@ fborn`hl orlarc hfq`‑hfq` ^t ~rth

nht` FHO@ phli nòrch` nht` jhchohl Ehfrc~hq Fbngf~bthl Rlùbtq`~hq @lnglbq`h }hnh

~hliihc 8= Khlrht` 8055, Q ~rhq` @lnglbq h fb~ fh `~r dhih`fhl lbibt` phli qbnhli~bthlaho fbdhliftr~hl bfglgo`, Jr~hli @lnglbq`h dbtf`qht 4#2 o`cphtn ngccht nhl

~`lifh~ `lechq` oblrlkrffhl 52= " }hnh ~hjrl 8055, Jhtih dblq`l# o`lphf ~hlhj# }gq~bc#

fbtb~h h}`# drq nhl hlifr~hl roro ch`llph obchodrli O`qhclph glifgq drq nht` 4==tr}`hj oblkhn` 8=== tr}`hj, ^bl~r qhkh oblpbdhdfhl ohjhq`qyh ~`nhf d`qh frc`hj fhtblh

~hf oho}r obodhpht glifgq drq, Fblph~hhl `l`chj phli oblpbdhdfhl ohjhq`qyh/

ohjhq`qyh ~rtrl fb khchl rl~rf oblrl~r~ ~rtrllph jhtih qbch`l obdrdhtfhl ]F@ nhlobtgodhf Fhd`lb~ Ny`fgth,25 ^rl~r~hl `~r oblnh}h~ ~hliih}hl nht` ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg

nhcho q`nhli fhd`lb~ }hnh ~hliihc 82 Khlrht` c055, ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg oblph~hfhl q`h}h

qhkh phli d`qh oblrtrlfhl jhtih phli n`}btohqhchjfhl# hfhl n`hlifh~ oblkhn` obl~bt`#

~b~h}` h}hd`ch dbt~hodhj drtrf qhkh# n`h hfhl n`~bodhf oh~`, ^b~h}` h}hd`ch fbhnhhl ~b~h}qhkh hfhl nòhqrfhl nhcho }blkhth qbchoh 8= ~hjrl, Qbgthli hngugfh~ nht` Khfht~h#

Jhnbcp Jhq`drhl oblphodr~ ~hl~hlihl ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg, Fglqb} phli n`qgngtfhl

~btlph~h ~`nhf oblnh}h~ ~hliih}hl nht` ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg qbj`liih Jhnbcp Jhq`drhl

ihihc oblkhn` Obl~bt` ]blrtrlhl Jhtih,

29

Fb~`fh @lnglbq`h dbthnh nhcho ft`q`q bfglgo`# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z n`}`c`joblkhn` Yh}btnho dbtqhoh Nt, K, Cbòblh# Nt, @njho Ajhc`n# Nt, Tgbqchl Hdnrcihl`#

Cb~kbl, Qgbjht~g nhl Hnho Ohc`f, Nhcho Fhd`lb~ Ny`fgth phli n`qbo}rtlhfhl chi`# n`

dhyhj ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z qbdhih` Yh}btnho phli oblhlihl`

d`nhli bfglgo` nhl fbrhlihl, Fborn`hl nhcho fhd`lb~ Ho}bth *n` dhyhj ]tbq`nblQgbfhtlg) phli obodbl~rf qbdrhj }tbq`n`ro ~btn`t nht 2 obl~bt r~hoh *Kblnthc

Qgbjht~g# Hnho Ohc`f# F,J, @njho Ajhc`n# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z nhl Qhlrq`

Jhtnkhn`l`lith~) phli n`fb~rh` gcbj obl~bt r~hoh Kblnthc Qgbjht~g qbdhih` Fb~rh]tbq`n`ro, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z qbdhih` obl~bt r~hoh phli oblhlihl` d`nhli

bfglgo` nhl fbrhlihl# Hnho Ohc`f *phli obthlifh} khdh~hl qbdhih` obl~bt` crht

lbibt`) phli dbt~hliirli khyhd ~btjhnh} ohqhchj qgq`hc nhl }gc`~`f nhl Kblnthc Qgbjht~gphli dbt~hliirli khyhd h~hq ohqhchj }bt~hjhlhl nhl fbhohlhl fborn`hl n`fblhc

qbdhih` ~t`rou`th~b *~ìh qbthlifh`), D`qh n`fh~hfhl jho}`t qbcrtrj fb}r~rqhl phli

n`fbcrhtfhl h~hq g~gt`~hq hliig~h ^t`rou`th~b phli qb}blrjlph obobihli fgl~tgcfhd`lb~,2: ^ìh qbthlifh` `l` qbdhihòhlh n`fh~hfhl Hnho Ohc`f# obo}rlph`

fb}t`dhn`hl phli dbtnhqhtfhl }blihchohl qbt~h dhfh~ ohq`li/ohq`li , Kblnthc Qgbjht~g

n`fblhc qbdhih` h ohl ge xràf ha~`gl# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z qbdhih` h ohl h

nbc`dbth~`gl nhl Hnho Ohc`f qbln`t` qbdhih` h ohl ge qgcr~`gl , 20

]bodbl~rfhl }ò}`lhl ~ìh qbthlifh` `l`# qbdblhtlph oblrlkrffhl }btjh~`hl

fhro o c ~bt phli dbqht rl~rf obc`dh~fhl fhro q`} c phli qhlih~ n`qbihl` irlhobo}btgcbj nrfrlihl thfph~, A`~th o`c ~bt q~`f phli dhlphf n`frh~ tfhl krih nh}h~

25 Pg{ht Hoyht # Hlifh~hl 55 / Ah~h~hl Jht`hl Qbgthli Ohjhq`qyh #* Khfht~h ; Q`lht Jhth}hl # 80:8 )

nhl Qgb Jgf I`b # Ah~h~hl Qbgthli Nboglq~thl # * Khfht~h ; C]1BQ ,# 80:1 )29 Jhnbcp Jhq`drhl # ]blihchohl Qbdhih` Ahcgl Obl~bt` ]blrtrlhl Jhtih # * Khfht~h ; Phphqhl ]thlh~h

Qht` # 80:2,2: Phjph H, Orjhò`l # g},a`~,# jhc, 482 ‑ 485,20 Hnho Ohc`f # Oblihdn` Tb}rdc`f ‑ K`c`n @@@ ; Hlifh~hl ]bodhlirlhl # * Khfht~h ; Irlrli Hirli # 8090

) # jhc, 19 ,


45



]b~bt Fhqblnh

n`j`lnhtfhl nblihl ahth obod`htfhl Qgbfhtlg qbahth lgo`lhc oblnrnrf` khdh~hl

qbdhih` ]tbq`nbl,5= Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z obodbt` cbi`~òhq` fb}hnh fhd`lb~ dhtr `~r n`

oh~h igcglihl b~l`q Khyh# obtr}hfhl qbqrh~r jhc phli }bl~`li dhi` Kblnthc Qgbjht~goblbihffhl Gtnb Dhtr# qbobl~hth Hnho Ohc f phli obchodhlifhl thn`fhc`qob

`l~bcbcbf~rhc phli ~bchj obodhl~r obchj`tfhl lbihth @lnglbq`h qbt~h obodbtchfrfhl

fbodhc` RRN 80>2 qb~bchj hodtrflph nbogfthq` c`dbthc, 58

Qbch`l `~r Kblnthc Qgbjht~g obodbl~rf q~he }t`dhn` *phli n`fblhc nblihl `q~`chj

Q]T@) phli ~btn`t còh kblnbthc Hlifh~hl Nhth~ nhl còh hjc` bfglgo , ^rihq còhgthli q`}`c `l` hjc` bfglgo` `~r ~btr~hoh rl~rf oblprqrl tblahlh bfglgo` # qbnhlifhl

~hliirli khyhd h~hq qghc/qghc fbrhlihl dbthnh n` ~hlihl Ohpkbl Qrtpg# nhl rtrqhl

}bodhlirlhl bfglgo` n`}btahphfhl fb}hnh Dtìkbl Qchob~ Nhlrn`tnkg, Hjc ‑hjc

bfglgo` nhcho Q]T@ `~r hnhchj Y`nkgkg L`~`qhq~tg# Bo`c Qhcò# Ogjhoohn Qhnc` nhlQgbdtg~g, ^ò bfglgo` `l` fborn`hl n`}btfrh~ gcbj ohl~hl irtr obtbfh# ]tge, Qgbo`~tg

Nkgkgjhn`frqrog# qbgthli hjc` bfglgo` phli qrnhj oblnh}h~ }blihfrhl

`l~btlhq`glhc,54

Nhcho qr~rhq` phli nbo`f`hl ibl~ li# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z oboh`lfhl

}bthlhl ~bthoh~ }bl~ li nhcho oborc`jfhl fbhnhhl bfglgo` phli oblrkrfbdhliftr~hl, Rl~rf oblah}h` ~rkrhl `~r ~bl~r qhkh n`dr~rjfhl qbkrochj nhlh phli

dbcro d`qh n`}hq~`fhl nhtòhlh nhlh ~btqbdr~ d`qh n`}btgcbj, Hnh dbdbth}h ohqhchj phli

n`jhnh}` nhcho obo}btgcbj nhlh, *8) ]tbq`nbl Qgbfhtlg ~bchj oblblnhli fbcrht fhro

ò}bt`hc`q @lnglbq`h qb~hjrl phli chcr6 *4) Dhl~rhl phli n`dbt`fhl Hobt`fh Qbt`fh~ablnbtrli oblrtrl fhtblh ~`nhf obc`jh~ ohlehh~ nht` jhq`c dhl~rhl qbdhlphf :== kr~h

ngccht6 *1) Q`~rhq` dhl~rhl `l~btlhq`glhc fb~`fh `~r frthli obliibod`thfhl fb~`fh `~r6 *>)

Ognhc hq`li qhlih~ chlifhj nhl qrc`~ n`}btcgbj }hnh }bt~blihjhl ~hjrl 805=/hl nhl *2)Obo`l~h dhl~rhl nht` ftbn`~gt r~hoh * Rl` Qgu`b~ nhl Dcgf ^òrt ) ~bthqh orq~hj`c,

Fhtblh ]F@ dhtr qhkh n`drdhtfhl nhl jr~hli phli choh }rl dbcro ~btdhphtfhl ,51

Fhd`lb~ Ho}bth ~bchj obcb~hffhl trorqhl/trorqhl nhqht dhi` }tgitho phli

tbhc`q~`q nhl }thioh~`q ~b~h}` nhcho jhc }blpbcbliihthhl }bobt`l~hjhl Jhoblifr

Dryglg @Z jhtrq obtbdr~ fb}btahphhl ohqphthfh~ nht` crht lbibt`, Kblnthc Qgbjht~goblrihqfhl Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z rl~rf oblaht ftbn`~# oblirtrq fbodhc lph

@lnglbq`h fb Ygtn Dhlf Nhl @OE qbt~h oblir}hphfhl }blkhnyhchl fbodhc` r~hli/

r~hli crht lbibt` @lnglbq`h, ^rihq phli dbth~ n`}`frc Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z rl~rf

oblibodhc fhl fb}btahphhl crht lbibt` phli oblihliih} @lnglbq`h *~`nhf ohroblibodhc`fhl r~hli/r~hlilph), ]hnh drchl Ob` c055 Jhoblifr Dryglg fb Kb}hli

qbchoh qbo`liir nhl obo}btgcbj ftbn`~ qbdbqht 1= kr~h ngccht rl~rf fb}btcrhl

}bodbc`hl }r}rf# fbt~hq# gdh~/gdh~hl nhl qrfr ahnhli obq`l, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Zfborn`hl oblirlkrli` Btg}hj Dhth~ qbchoh qb~blihj drchl }hnh drchl Qb}~bodbt c055

5= Ogajht Ohq‐gbn # Bfglgo` nhl Q~trf~rt ]gc`~`f # * Khfht~h ; C]1BQ # 80:0 ) # jhc, 25 ‑ 29,58 Rce Qrlnjhrqqbl # g},a`~,# jhc, >84,54 Phjph H, Orjhò`l # D`ql`q nhl ]gc ~`f ‑ Fbd`khfqhlhhl Bfglgo` @lnglbq`h # * Khfht~h ; C]1BQ # 8008)

# jhc, 814,51 Ogaj~ht Ohq‐gbn # g},a ~, jhc, 0= ‑ 04 nhl Nhjhlh b~,hc # Qt` Qrc~hl # * Khfht~h ; Ithe`~`}btq # 8=:0 ) # jhc,

24 ‑ 5@ ,


49



]b~bt Fhqblnh

nhl obo}btgcbj ftbn`~ qbdbqht 89= kr~h ngccht nblihl khlk` hfhl obo}btgcbj ftbn`~

~hodhjhl qbdbqht 8:= kr~h ngccht ,5> Nhcho drchl phli qhoh n`qbcbliihthfhl }btrln`lihl

phli dbtohfqrn rl~rf obodàhthfhl r~hli/r~hli @lnglbq`h, N` nhcho }bt~borhl phlin`qbdr~ ^gfpg Obb~`li# Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z obliborfhfhl }btohqhchjhl bfglgo`

phli qbnhli n`jhnh}` @lnglbq`h qbt~h }tg/}tgitho h}h qhkh phli n`tblahlhfhl rl~rf d`qh

fbcrht nht fbobcr~ `~r, Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z krih oblkbchqfhl krochj nhlh phlin`jhth}fhl d`qh n`}btgcbj nht` ftbn`~gt, ]blkbchqhl nht` Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z obodrh~

}hth ftbn`~gt *Kb}hli# ]bthla`q# @liit`q# @~hc`h# Kbtohl Dhth~# Dbchlnh nhl Hobt`fh

Qbt`fh~) orch` oblhtrj fb}btahphhl nhl oblph~hfhl fbqbn`hllph rl~rf oblihnhfhl }bt~borhl chlkr~hl, Hfj`t drchl H}t`c c055# dbtfh~ rqhjh Jhoblifr Dryglg @Z yhf~r

phli chcr @lnglbq`h n`~btòh fbodhc` oblkhn` hliig~h Ygcn Dhlf nhl @OE phli ~btcb~hf

n` Yhqj`li~gl, 52

Qbdhih` fbchlkr~hl ^gfpg Obb~`li n`qbcbliihthfhl }bt~borhl n` ]ht q phli

n`fblhc qbdhih` ]ht`q Acrd# phli oblijhq cfhl nrh }btqb~rkrhl, *8) Jr~hli/jr~hli

@lnglbq`h qbjhtrqlph n`dhpht }hnh ~hjrl 805: n`~rlnh j`liih > ‑ 2 ~hjrl chi`6 *4)

Jr~hli/jr~hli @lnglbq`h phli qbjhtrqlph n`dhpht }hnh ~hjrl 8050 nhl 809=n`}bt~òdhlifhl rl~rf n`~rlnh }bodhphthllph nblihl }thqphth~ phli qhoh crlhflph

nblihl jr~hli/jr~hli phli qbjhtrqlph n`dhpht }hnh ~hjrl 805:,55 Dbtnhqhtfhl ]ht`qAcrd `~r# }hnh ~hjrl phli qhoh# Hnho Ohc`f oblirlkrli` lbihth/lbihth Dcgf ^òrt n`

Ogqfgy# irlh oblkhnyhcfhl fbodhc jr~hli/jr~hli @lnglbq h }hnh lbihth/lbihth

qgq`hc q nhl ~btlph~h dbtjhq`c N` lbibt` Dbchlnh n`dbl~rf fbcgo}gf phli dbtqbn`h

obodbt ftbn`~ dhi` }bodhlirlhl bfglgo` @lnglbq h, Fbcgo}gf `l` ~btn`t nht`Hobt`fh Qbt`fh~# Hrq~thc`h# Dbchlnh# Dbci`h# Nblohtf# @liit`q# @~hc`h# Kb}hli# Kbtohl

Dhth~# Ahlhnh# ]bthla`q# Qbchln`h Dhtr nhl Qy``q ), Fro}rchl nglgt phli n`n`t`fhl

}hnh hfj`t drchl Ebdtrht` c059 `l` fborn`hl n`fblhc qbdhih` @l~bt Igubtlobl~hc Itgr}gl @lnglbq`h, Dhl~rhl phli n`}btgcbj qbahth dbt~rtr~/~rtr~# orch` nht` ~hjrl 8059

oblbtòh ftbn`~ qbdbqht 48= kr~h ngccht# ~hjrl 805: qbdbqht 142 kr~h ngccht nhl ~hjrl

8050 oblkhn` 2== kr~h ngccht ,59

Fblnh~`}rl ~bchj obo}btgcbj qbkrochj ftbn`~# ~b~h}` krochjlph dbcro obohnh`

rl~rf obodhlirl }btbfglgo`hl @lnglbq`h, Fborn`hl }bobt`l~hj @lnglbq`hoblirlnhli `lubq~gt hq`li rl~rf obodrfh rqhjh n` @lnglbq`h, ]hnh ~hliihc 8= Khlrht`

8059 n`dbtchfrfhl Rlnhli/Rlnhli ]blhlhohl Ognhc Hnq`li *Rlnhli/Rlnhli

Lgogt, @ ^hjrl 8059) Qb~bchj n`dbtcfrfhl Rlnhli Rlnhli ]OH# }bobt`l~hj

obodbl~rf qrh~r gtihl`qhq` phli oblhlihl` ognhc hq`li# phfl` Dhnhl ]bt~òdhlihl]blhlhohl Ognhc Hq`li, ]bobt l~hj oblhyhtfhl qbkrochj fbornhjhl/fbornhjhl,

^btlph~h fbd`khfqhhhl }bobt`l~hj oblirlnhli qbkrochj }bo`lh~, Nhcho drchl Hirq~rq

8055# phli ohlh hnh 89=# Rlùbtq`~hq Q~hlegtn *HQ) oblq}glqgt` ]hqèà @lnrq~t`hcAglebtblab, phli ohlh hnh 89= }ò}`lhl qbl`gt nrl`h rqhjh fb Khfht~h, ]hnh drchl

Lgubodbt c055# Drq`lbqq @l~btlhq~`glhc phli dbtohtfhq n` Lby Pgtf oblihnhfhl

5> Nhjhlh# d`n,52 @d`n,55 Ohtyh~` Nkgblbn ]gbq}glbigtg nhl Lritgjg Lg~gqrqhl~g *bn) # jhc,>1= ‑>>= nhl Oàjhbc Cbèbt

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