MENULIS: MENULIS: Personal narrative (Personal Personal narrative (Personal story)story)Best PracticeBest Practice

Prepared: Prepared:

Marjohan, M.PdMarjohan, M.Pd(Teacher of The Year )(Teacher of The Year )

BatusangkarBatusangkar (Perpustakaan Rang Mudo Sangka (Perpustakaan Rang Mudo Sangka, , 20-03 -20-03 - 201 20166

Bio DataBio DataDrsDrs..Marjohan, M.Pd.Marjohan, M.Pd.Lubuk Alung, 22 Maret 1965 Lubuk Alung, 22 Maret 1965

Pascasarjana, Bhs Inggris, Universitas Negeri Pascasarjana, Bhs Inggris, Universitas Negeri PadangPadang

Guru SMA Negeri 3 Batusangkar, Guru SMA Negeri 3 Batusangkar, Dosen Luar Biasa STAIN BatusangkarDosen Luar Biasa STAIN BatusangkarPenulisPenulis

Griya Alam Segar, Bukit Gombak, Blok D-2,Griya Alam Segar, Bukit Gombak, Blok D-2, Batusangkar, Sumatera Barat.Batusangkar, Sumatera Barat.

http://penulisbatusangkar.blogspot.com

marjohanusman@yahoo.com

Emi SuryaEmi SuryaMuhammad Fachrul AnsharMuhammad Fachrul AnsharNadhilla AzzahraNadhilla Azzahra

085263537981085263537981

PenghargaanPenghargaan

Beberapa hasil karya/ Buku- buku Beberapa hasil karya/ Buku- buku penulis penulis

Kunjungan Keluar NegeriKunjungan Keluar Negeri

PENDAHULUANMenulis itu mudah, terutama bagi yang mau menulisSyarat pertama adalah kemauan

Syarat kedua adalah memotivasi diri sendiriPengetahuan dan kemampuan adalah syarat berikutnya untuk menjadi penulis

Pengetahuan dan kemampuan berkaitan dengan isi tulisan, apa yang diuraikan dalam karyatulis

Yang terakhir- kemampuan membahasakan apa yang ingin diungkapakan dan format penulisan

Pengetahuan dan kemampuan juga terkait dengan cara mengungkapkan gagasan: aspek bahasa (mengungkapkan ide dalam bahasa yang komunikatif)

KENDALA KENDALA MENULISMENULIS Mengapa kita sulit menghasilkan karya tulis, Mengapa kita sulit menghasilkan karya tulis,

ya…ada sejumlah kendala yang menjadi ya…ada sejumlah kendala yang menjadi penyebabnya penyebabnya Kendala psikologis dan kemapuan:Kendala psikologis dan kemapuan: merasa tidak bisa padahal belum berusahamerasa tidak bisa padahal belum berusaha malu, takut, atau tidak percaya diri bahwa malu, takut, atau tidak percaya diri bahwa

pengetahuannya tidak banyakpengetahuannya tidak banyak malu, takut, atau tidak percaya diri bahwa malu, takut, atau tidak percaya diri bahwa

kemampuan bahasanya kurang baikkemampuan bahasanya kurang baik kurang termotivasi karena berbagai sebabkurang termotivasi karena berbagai sebab

kurang menguasai pengetahuan, bahkan untuk kurang menguasai pengetahuan, bahkan untuk bidang keilmuannya sendiri (unsur gagasan, isi)bidang keilmuannya sendiri (unsur gagasan, isi)

tidak tahu apa yang harus atau dapat ditulis untuk tidak tahu apa yang harus atau dapat ditulis untuk penulisan karya ilmiahpenulisan karya ilmiah

kurang menguasai bahasa untuk membahasakan kurang menguasai bahasa untuk membahasakan gagasan pada penulisan karya ilmiah (aspek bentuk)gagasan pada penulisan karya ilmiah (aspek bentuk)

LANGKAH AWAL PEMBUATAN Tulisan LANGKAH AWAL PEMBUATAN Tulisan (personal story dan best practice): (personal story dan best practice):

Cari dan Tentukan TopikCari dan Tentukan Topik Bagi penulis pemula, topik sebaiknya dicari yang sesuai Bagi penulis pemula, topik sebaiknya dicari yang sesuai

dengan bidang karena masalah itu yang paling dikuasaidengan bidang karena masalah itu yang paling dikuasai Penulis yang baik pasti sekaligus pembaca yang rajinPenulis yang baik pasti sekaligus pembaca yang rajin

Praktik MenulisPraktik MenulisAktivitas menulis tidak cukup hanya berbekal teori walau pengetahuan teoretis juga penting.

Untuk dapat menulis, kita harus benar-benar langsung praktik menulisSeperti belajar berenang: untuk dapat berenang kita harus betul-betul praktik berenang dengan resiko tenggelam

PEMBUATAN PEMBUATAN OUTLINEOUTLINE Menulis pada hakikatnya adalah mengungkapkan ide dan gagasan ke dalam wujud bahasa tertulisMenulis pada hakikatnya adalah mengungkapkan ide dan gagasan ke dalam wujud bahasa tertulis

Penataan pikiran itu sebenarnya berupa perencanaan tentang apa saja yang akan dituliskan dan bagaimana Penataan pikiran itu sebenarnya berupa perencanaan tentang apa saja yang akan dituliskan dan bagaimana pengurutannyapengurutannya

Itulah yang kemudian disebut sebagai Itulah yang kemudian disebut sebagai outlineoutline karya tulis karya tulis

OutlineOutline haruslah sudah memberikan gambaran jelas tentang masalah yang diuraikan dalam karangan haruslah sudah memberikan gambaran jelas tentang masalah yang diuraikan dalam karangan

Dengan membaca Dengan membaca outlineoutline, mestinya orang sudah dapat membayangkan apa isi karangan secara , mestinya orang sudah dapat membayangkan apa isi karangan secara keseluruhankeseluruhan

OutlineOutline yang jadi tidak lain adalah daftar isi sebuah karya tulis yang jadi tidak lain adalah daftar isi sebuah karya tulis

Cara pembuatan Cara pembuatan outlineoutline sebagai berikut sebagai berikut

Tuliskan judul (sementara) karangan yang akan dibuatTuliskan judul (sementara) karangan yang akan dibuat

Tuliskan semua topik/subtopik/ide yang terkait dengan Tuliskan semua topik/subtopik/ide yang terkait dengan judul (tema) karanganjudul (tema) karangan

Biarkan semua subtopik/ide itu bermunculan begitu saja, Biarkan semua subtopik/ide itu bermunculan begitu saja, tidak usah terburu mengurutkannya secara logis-tidak usah terburu mengurutkannya secara logis-kronologiskronologis

Setelah semua subtopik/ide dituangkan (sementara), Setelah semua subtopik/ide dituangkan (sementara), cermati satu per satu berdasarkan cakupan dan urutancermati satu per satu berdasarkan cakupan dan urutan

Cakupan dimaksudkan sebagai satu subtopik dan sub-Cakupan dimaksudkan sebagai satu subtopik dan sub-subtopik yang menjadi bawahannya yang memang subtopik yang menjadi bawahannya yang memang berkaitan secara logikaberkaitan secara logika

Pembenahan Aspek BentukPembenahan Aspek BentukUnsur BahasaUnsur Bahasa Bahasa apa pun yang dipakai dalam artikel (Indonesia, Bahasa apa pun yang dipakai dalam artikel (Indonesia,

Inggris) harus benar secara kaidah dan tepat kosakataInggris) harus benar secara kaidah dan tepat kosakata

Bahasa yang kacau menunjukkan kekacauan logika penulisBahasa yang kacau menunjukkan kekacauan logika penulis

Jika penulisan telah selesai, mari sekali lagi dibaca, siapa Jika penulisan telah selesai, mari sekali lagi dibaca, siapa tahu masih butuh pembenahan bahasa di sana-sinitahu masih butuh pembenahan bahasa di sana-sini

Catatan: banyak artikel terpaksa ditolak/direvisi Catatan: banyak artikel terpaksa ditolak/direvisi semata-mata faktor bahasa; kualitas artikel juga semata-mata faktor bahasa; kualitas artikel juga dilihat dari kualitas bahasanyadilihat dari kualitas bahasanya

Cara MerujukCara Merujuk Cara merujuk harus tepat dan konsisten sesuai Cara merujuk harus tepat dan konsisten sesuai

dengan aturan jurnal yang telah ditentukandengan aturan jurnal yang telah ditentukan

Rujukan yang lazim: nama akhir pengarang, Rujukan yang lazim: nama akhir pengarang, tahun, dan halamantahun, dan halamanContoh: Edward (2008:75); (Edward, 2008:75Contoh: Edward (2008:75); (Edward, 2008:75))

Catatan: banyak artikel yang tidak tepat dan tidak Catatan: banyak artikel yang tidak tepat dan tidak konsisten cara merujuk, dan itu jelas konsisten cara merujuk, dan itu jelas mengganggumengganggu

Penulisan Daftar PustakaPenulisan Daftar Pustaka Penulisan artikel ilmiah harus menyertakan daftar Penulisan artikel ilmiah harus menyertakan daftar

pustakapustaka Semua yang dirujuk harus ada dalam daftar pustaka, Semua yang dirujuk harus ada dalam daftar pustaka,

dan yang di daftar pustaka harus benar-benar dirujuk dan yang di daftar pustaka harus benar-benar dirujuk (tidak sekadar untuk gagah-gagahan)(tidak sekadar untuk gagah-gagahan)

Penulisan daftar pustaka harus konsisten sesuai Penulisan daftar pustaka harus konsisten sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku pada suatu jurnaldengan ketentuan yang berlaku pada suatu jurnal

Contoh yang lazim dipakai:Contoh yang lazim dipakai:Edward, Patricia A. 2008. Edward, Patricia A. 2008. Children’s Literary Children’s Literary DevelopmentDevelopment, Boston: Pearson., Boston: Pearson.

Ejaan (Bisa diperbaiki saat editing)Ejaan (Bisa diperbaiki saat editing) Bahasa apa pun yang dipakai dalam artikel Bahasa apa pun yang dipakai dalam artikel

(Indonesia, Inggris) harus benar ejaannya(Indonesia, Inggris) harus benar ejaannya

Ejaan menunjukkan kerapian, kedisiplinan, dan Ejaan menunjukkan kerapian, kedisiplinan, dan apresiasi terhadap aturan bahasaapresiasi terhadap aturan bahasa

Ejaan meliputi semua aturan cara menulis dalam Ejaan meliputi semua aturan cara menulis dalam suatu bahasasuatu bahasa

Gagasan baik dan bahasa benar, tetapi jika ejaan Gagasan baik dan bahasa benar, tetapi jika ejaan kacau, itu tetap saja mengganggukacau, itu tetap saja mengganggu

Writing is easy…..Writing is easy…..

How To Strengthen Personal Narratives How To Strengthen Personal Narratives (Personal Story)(Personal Story)

Writing A Personal Narrative Writing A Personal Narrative (Personal Story)(Personal Story) Your life is not what happens to you, Your life is not what happens to you,

but your but your responses to what happensresponses to what happens. .

For this reason, each one of us is For this reason, each one of us is ultimately the author of our own ultimately the author of our own lives. We do not always control what lives. We do not always control what happens to us, but happens to us, but we control our we control our responses to what happensresponses to what happens..

Telling Your StoryTelling Your Story

Objectives:Objectives:

Provide Provide strategies for writing strategies for writing a personal a personal storystory

Provide specific tools for deconstructing Provide specific tools for deconstructing the prompt/ interestthe prompt/ interest

Strategies for internal story to further your Strategies for internal story to further your personal narrative and make it come alive.personal narrative and make it come alive.

Internal StoryInternal Story

Connection:Connection:

Focusing your stories-Focusing your stories--keep your eyes on -keep your eyes on what is important. what is important.

Focus, focus, focus Focus, focus, focus in order to show me, in order to show me, instead of just tell me.instead of just tell me.

Make it Small- or more specificMake it Small- or more specific A person’s life is filled with many A person’s life is filled with many

good memories and experiencesgood memories and experiences..

Describe a Describe a timetime in your life in which in your life in which you were you were happyhappy, and explain , and explain why why you were happyyou were happy at this particular at this particular time.time.

"Amusing things happen to "Amusing things happen to everyone. Sometimes we do things everyone. Sometimes we do things that are funny or something funny that are funny or something funny happens to us. Many times we see a happens to us. Many times we see a comical thing happen to someone comical thing happen to someone else. Describe an else. Describe an incident incident that that happened to you or to someone else happened to you or to someone else that you found that you found very humorousvery humorous."."

Oke, let’s tell the Story!Oke, let’s tell the Story!

Ready to write your story!Ready to write your story!

First, First, think of a time with a person, a think of a time with a person, a place, or an idea place, or an idea that could relate to this that could relate to this interest. interest.

List moments about this person, place, List moments about this person, place, ideaidea. .

Think of just one moment-Think of just one moment--one story that -one story that illustrates your point--not a big story.illustrates your point--not a big story.

Example….at Example….at Weekend at Disneyland/ at Ancol- or Waterboom, Weekend at Disneyland/ at Ancol- or Waterboom,

etcetc

Think of specific moments Think of specific moments

If you tell the story of the whole weekend, you If you tell the story of the whole weekend, you will be telling a “watermelon" story.will be telling a “watermelon" story.

Tell me a small seed story instead-- Tell me a small seed story instead-- tell me one tell me one moment, not the whole weekendmoment, not the whole weekend..

Example to tell about “Disneyland”Example to tell about “Disneyland” (or Danau Kandi inSawahlunto or Mifan P. (or Danau Kandi inSawahlunto or Mifan P.

Panjang)Panjang) For Disdeyland:For Disdeyland:

– Canoe ride with the familyCanoe ride with the family– Sister got lost, but we found herSister got lost, but we found her– Indiana Jones with my sonIndiana Jones with my son– Swimming at the Disney hotelSwimming at the Disney hotel– Exploring on Tom Sawyer’s IslandExploring on Tom Sawyer’s Island– Sister got stuck in rock on Tom Sawyer’s IslandSister got stuck in rock on Tom Sawyer’s Island

Choose one of these “moments” to write about as a Choose one of these “moments” to write about as a reason why the time you spent in Disneyland was fun. reason why the time you spent in Disneyland was fun. Make this a small seed story--just describe the moment.Make this a small seed story--just describe the moment.

How to Tell Your StoryHow to Tell Your Story Choose your momentChoose your moment

sketch what happened first, sketch what happened first, second, next, and last in your second, next, and last in your momentmoment. .

Strategy for NarrativeStrategy for NarrativeA person’s life is filled with many good A person’s life is filled with many good

memories and experiences.memories and experiences. Describe a Describe a timetime in your life that was in your life that was excitingexciting, ,

and explain and explain whywhy this particular experience this particular experience was more exciting than any other.was more exciting than any other.

Moments:Moments:Going to Oklahoma football game--our seatsGoing to Oklahoma football game--our seatsParasailing in St. JohnParasailing in St. JohnRiding the plunge at Silver Dollar CityRiding the plunge at Silver Dollar CityTraveling to Orient Beach on St. MartinTraveling to Orient Beach on St. MartinGetting lost on the metro in ParisGetting lost on the metro in ParisSkin diving in St. John, U.S.V.I.Skin diving in St. John, U.S.V.I.

Parasailing (Lomba layar) Parasailing (Lomba layar) on St. John Riveron St. John River

Body Paragraph One:Body Paragraph One:We boarded the small ship anticipating the parasailing We boarded the small ship anticipating the parasailing adventure. The guides gave us instructions on how they adventure. The guides gave us instructions on how they would hook us up in the equipment, and because the would hook us up in the equipment, and because the machine was automated, there were some very precise machine was automated, there were some very precise instructions. I just hoped I could remember everything I instructions. I just hoped I could remember everything I was suppose to do so that I did not get injured like the was suppose to do so that I did not get injured like the guide mentioned. We were the second couple to ride guide mentioned. We were the second couple to ride tandem, and so we eagerly watched every move that the tandem, and so we eagerly watched every move that the other couple made. Finally, it was our turn to fly. other couple made. Finally, it was our turn to fly.

Jump into the narrative…Jump into the narrative…

We boarded the small ship anticipating the We boarded the small ship anticipating the parasailing adventure. The guides gave us parasailing adventure. The guides gave us instructions on how they would hook us up in the instructions on how they would hook us up in the equipment, and because the machine was equipment, and because the machine was automated, there were some very precise automated, there were some very precise instructions. I just hoped I could remember instructions. I just hoped I could remember everything I was suppose to do so that I did not everything I was suppose to do so that I did not get injured like the guide mentioned. We were the get injured like the guide mentioned. We were the second couple to ride tandem, and so we eagerly second couple to ride tandem, and so we eagerly watched every move that the other couple made. watched every move that the other couple made. Finally, it was our turn to fly.Finally, it was our turn to fly.

Notice that the narrative started right in the action!Body Paragraph 2

Paragraph TwoParagraph Two Body Paragraph Two:Body Paragraph Two:We helped each other get hooked in the harness, sat down We helped each other get hooked in the harness, sat down on the back of the boat, and suddenly we were lifting into on the back of the boat, and suddenly we were lifting into the air. Being in the air, soaring through the sky, was the air. Being in the air, soaring through the sky, was incredibly fun. As I looked down, I saw giant sea turtles incredibly fun. As I looked down, I saw giant sea turtles swimming through the crisp, bright blue water with a pod of swimming through the crisp, bright blue water with a pod of dolphins playing nearby. It was almost soundless except dolphins playing nearby. It was almost soundless except the fluttering noise of the wind blowing past my ears and the fluttering noise of the wind blowing past my ears and the parachute above. I wondered, the parachute above. I wondered, Is this how birds feel as Is this how birds feel as they fly through the air? they fly through the air? Flying like a bird, feeling more Flying like a bird, feeling more than human, was a truly incredible momentthan human, was a truly incredible moment..

Para. 1Lead--your introduction using setting, action, dialogue.

Para. 2Body Paragraph #1--Part of your small seed story.

Para. 3Body Paragraph #2--Part of your small seed story.

Para. 4Ending--your conclusion using setting, action, dialogue.

Your finished essay will eventually have four parts:

Add Setting, Action, DialogueAdd Setting, Action, Dialogue

Write the lead (Write the lead (introintro) and ending ) and ending (conclusion) for your essay. (conclusion) for your essay.

A lead A lead and and endingending should have: should have: setting, action, and dialogue. setting, action, and dialogue.

Having setting, action, and dialogue Having setting, action, and dialogue will hook your reader.will hook your reader.

You Try…You Try…

A person’s life is filled with many good memories A person’s life is filled with many good memories and experiences. Describe a time in your life that and experiences. Describe a time in your life that was exciting, and explain why this particular was exciting, and explain why this particular experience was more exciting than any other.experience was more exciting than any other.

List moments that could be considered exciting, List moments that could be considered exciting, choose one to write about, sketch what happened choose one to write about, sketch what happened first, second, and last. Follow the sketches to first, second, and last. Follow the sketches to write two body paragraphs that follow the movie in write two body paragraphs that follow the movie in your mind. your mind.

Next StepNext Step

Once you have written what happened Once you have written what happened first, second, and last, and made a movie first, second, and last, and made a movie in your mind of the action in the narrative, in your mind of the action in the narrative, it is time to construct the lead it is time to construct the lead (introduction) and ending (conclusion).(introduction) and ending (conclusion).Add your lead and ending to the small Add your lead and ending to the small seed story that you have written. Then seed story that you have written. Then revise it all to create a the perfect revise it all to create a the perfect personal narrative. Easy, right?personal narrative. Easy, right?

The Lead (Entry/ pokok)The Lead (Entry/ pokok) How do you begin the lead of a How do you begin the lead of a

personal narrative? personal narrative? Authors often begin by adding Authors often begin by adding

setting, action, and dialogue. You setting, action, and dialogue. You can do this in any order, but try and can do this in any order, but try and include all of these things in the lead include all of these things in the lead to make it exciting and capture your to make it exciting and capture your reader’s attention. Let’s try…reader’s attention. Let’s try…

The LeadThe Lead

I have had many experiences that I can I have had many experiences that I can describe as exciting and fun. On a warm describe as exciting and fun. On a warm summer day, on the Virgin Island of St. summer day, on the Virgin Island of St. John, when I yelled “Sure let’s go John, when I yelled “Sure let’s go parasailing!” who would have known I was parasailing!” who would have known I was going to experience the most excitement going to experience the most excitement of my life.of my life.In this lead (introduction), I address the In this lead (introduction), I address the question, provide setting, action, and brief question, provide setting, action, and brief dialogue.dialogue.

What if I deleted this part?

The ConclusionThe Conclusion

Again, like the lead, include setting, Again, like the lead, include setting, action, dialogue and wrap up my narrative action, dialogue and wrap up my narrative about an exciting time of my life.about an exciting time of my life.

Ending:Ending:As I flew through the air, I stated to my As I flew through the air, I stated to my husband “Is this just one of the best times husband “Is this just one of the best times in your life?” He agreed happily, as we in your life?” He agreed happily, as we slowly descended towards the ship, back slowly descended towards the ship, back to reality, with a new appreciation for to reality, with a new appreciation for adventure and excitement.adventure and excitement.

Put It All TogetherPut It All Together On a warm summer day, on the Virgin Island of St. John, when I yelled On a warm summer day, on the Virgin Island of St. John, when I yelled

“Sure let’s go parasailing!” who would have known I was going to experience “Sure let’s go parasailing!” who would have known I was going to experience the most excitement of my life.the most excitement of my life.

We boarded the small ship anticipating the parasailing adventure. The We boarded the small ship anticipating the parasailing adventure. The guides gave us instructions on how they would hook us up in the equipment, guides gave us instructions on how they would hook us up in the equipment, and because the machine was automated, there were some very precise and because the machine was automated, there were some very precise instructions. I just hoped I could remember everything I was suppose to do so instructions. I just hoped I could remember everything I was suppose to do so that I did not get injured like the guide mentioned. We were the second couple that I did not get injured like the guide mentioned. We were the second couple to ride tandem, and so we eagerly watched every move that the other couple to ride tandem, and so we eagerly watched every move that the other couple made. Finally, it was our turn to fly. made. Finally, it was our turn to fly.

We helped each other get hooked in the harness, sat down on the back We helped each other get hooked in the harness, sat down on the back of the boat, and suddenly we were lifting into the air. Being in the air, soaring of the boat, and suddenly we were lifting into the air. Being in the air, soaring through the sky, was incredibly fun. As I looked down, I saw giant sea turtles through the sky, was incredibly fun. As I looked down, I saw giant sea turtles swimming through the crisp, bright blue water with a pod of dolphins playing swimming through the crisp, bright blue water with a pod of dolphins playing nearby. It was almost soundless except the fluttering noise of the wind blowing nearby. It was almost soundless except the fluttering noise of the wind blowing past my ears and the parachute above. I wondered, past my ears and the parachute above. I wondered, Is this how birds feel as they Is this how birds feel as they fly through the air? fly through the air? Flying like a bird, feeling more than human, was a truly Flying like a bird, feeling more than human, was a truly incredible momentincredible moment..

As I flew through the air, I stated to my husband “Is this just one of the As I flew through the air, I stated to my husband “Is this just one of the best times in your life?” He agreed happily, as we slowly descended towards best times in your life?” He agreed happily, as we slowly descended towards the ship, back to reality, with a new appreciation for adventure and excitementthe ship, back to reality, with a new appreciation for adventure and excitement

Let’s PracticeLet’s Practice Deconstruct the prompt (idea).Deconstruct the prompt (idea). Think of moments from your life that Think of moments from your life that

illustrate what is being asked--make a list illustrate what is being asked--make a list of these moments.of these moments.

Choose one moment and sketch what Choose one moment and sketch what happened first, second, last.happened first, second, last.

Then write your story of what happened Then write your story of what happened first, second, and last by making a movie first, second, and last by making a movie in your mind.in your mind.

Write your lead (introduction) and ending Write your lead (introduction) and ending (conclusion) by including setting, action, (conclusion) by including setting, action, and dialogue.and dialogue.

Prosedur Penulisan Best Practice Prosedur Penulisan Best Practice (Pengalaman Terbaik)(Pengalaman Terbaik)

Bagian Awal terdiri atas: Bagian Awal terdiri atas: (a) halaman judul; (a) halaman judul; (b) lembaran pengesahan; (b) lembaran pengesahan; (c) kata pengantar; (c) kata pengantar; (d) daftar isi, (d) daftar isi, (e) abstrak (e) abstrak

Bagian Isi terdiri atas beberapa babBagian Isi terdiri atas beberapa bab

(a) Bab Pendahuluan menjelaskan -(a) Bab Pendahuluan menjelaskan -=latar belakang, =latar belakang,

=permasalahan, =permasalahan, =tujuan, =tujuan, =manfaat. =manfaat.

(b) Bab Kajian tentang Pembahasan dan Pemecahan (b) Bab Kajian tentang Pembahasan dan Pemecahan Masalah :Masalah :

= menguraikan langkah-langkah dalam memecahkan = menguraikan langkah-langkah dalam memecahkan masalah yang dituangkan secara rinci. masalah yang dituangkan secara rinci.

= Hal yang sangat perlu dituliskan adalah bagaimana = Hal yang sangat perlu dituliskan adalah bagaimana tindakan, cara, langkah yang dilakukan sebagai tindakan, cara, langkah yang dilakukan sebagai pengalaman terbaiknya (Best Practice) pengalaman terbaiknya (Best Practice)

= juga dihubungkan dengan teori akademik yang = juga dihubungkan dengan teori akademik yang menunjang. menunjang.

= Semua uraian tentang pelaksanaan tindakan yang = Semua uraian tentang pelaksanaan tindakan yang telah dilakukan harus didukung (dilampirkan) dengan telah dilakukan harus didukung (dilampirkan) dengan data yang benar. data yang benar.

(c) Bab Simpulan dan Saran (c) Bab Simpulan dan Saran = berisi uraian tentang hal-hal yang dapat dipetik = berisi uraian tentang hal-hal yang dapat dipetik

sarinya dari pengalaman berharga tersebutsarinya dari pengalaman berharga tersebut