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MATERI UNTUK POWER POINT

KELOMPOK 5:

MASRIANI 1209065006

ERIKA WULAN ANGGRAINI 1209065023

TRI MULYANTO 1209065034

ANDI TRI SAPUTRA 1209065039

RENY SURYANI SITORUS 1209065043

COGENERATION

1. PENDAHULUAN

Usaha u!u" #$%&"a!"a $'%s%$s% ($&&uaa su#)$* $$*&% a!a*a +a% a,a+ah

cogeneration,a combined cycles-

Cogeneration .total energy system a!auwaste heat utilization system/ : (*,u"s% s$*$#(a"

,ua )$!u" $$*&% a"h%* a!au +$)%h ,a*% sa!u su#)$* $$*&%-

D% ,a+a# (a)*%" "%#%a cogeneration )%asaa ,%&ua"a u!u" #$#(*,u"s% $$*&%

#$"a%" .+%s!*%"/ ,a $$*&% !$*#a+ .ua(/-

Combined cyclesa,a+ah ($#a'aa!a sa!u )aha )a"a* u!u" (*,u"s% ,aa ."$*a +%s!*%"/

#$+a+u% s%"+us !$*#,%a#%"a- K#)%as% s%"+us a& u#u# ,%(a"a% a,a+ah s%"+us *a!

,a Ra"%$ a& ,%!$*a("a (a,a (*,u"s% +%s!*%" ,% PLTGU .Pusa! L%s!*%" T$a&a Gas ,a

Ua(/-

2. JENIS COGENERATION

S$a*a u#u# a,a 3 $%s s%s!$# cogeneration, a%!u:

1- Conventional cogeneration systems: S%s!$# %% !$*,%*% ,a*% u%! cogeneration )$sa*

.+$)%h ,a*% 1-000 "W/ ,a #$#$*+u"a (*s$s ,$sa% #$$+u*uh u!u" #$#%+%h

u"u*a s$#ua ($*a+a!a ,a "#($ .a%!u ($&&$*a" u!a#a &$$*a!* +%s!*%" ,a

s%s!$# ($#u+%ha (aas/-

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2- Packaged cogeneration systems: S%s!$# %% "$%+ .,% )aah 1-000 "W/ ,a #u,ah

u!u" #$*aa& ,a #$#)ua!a-

3- Distributed generation technologies: s%s!$# "&$$*as% ,$&a #$&&ua"a

s$u#+ah !$"+&% a& !$+ah ,%"$#)a&"a u!u" #$&has%+"a !$a&a +%s!*%" ,a

(aas !$*#asu" s$+ )aha )a"a*-

3. SIKLUS PADA COGENERATION

Dua s%"+us ($*as% ,asa* a& ,%&ua"a u!u" #$&has%+"a +%s!*%" ,a (aas (a,a

cogenerationa%!u topping cycle dan bottoming cycle-

a. topping cycle

Pa,a topping cycle $$*&% )aha )a"a* ,%#a'aa!"a ($*!a#a "a+% u!u"

#$#(*,u"s% $$*&% #$"a%" #$+a+u% sua!u s%"+us !$*#,%a#%"a .L%ha! &a#)a* 7-1/- E$*&%

!$*#a+ s%sa (*,u"s% $$*&% #$"a%" a& ,a(a! )$*u(a ua( a!au (aas &as )ua&

,%#a'aa!"a u!u" #$&&$*a""a (*s$s "%#%a .*$a"s% ($#aasa ,a +a%8+a%/-

Ksu#s% )aha )a"a* u!u" ($#)a&"%! "$*a ,a $$*&% !$*#a+ ,$&a topping cycle+$)%h

h$#a! ,a*%(a,a "su#s% )aha )a"a* u!u" ($#)a&"%! $$*&% #$"a%" ,a $$*&% !$*#a+

s$a*a !$*(%sah-

K'%&u*as% !((%& +$ +$)%h s$*%& ,%u#(a% ,% ,a+a# (a)*%" "%#%a ,$&a s%"+us

Ra"%$ .!u*)% ua(/ s%"+us *a! .!u*)% &as/ a!au s%"+us D%$s$+ .#!* ,%$s$+/ s$)a&a%

(%+%ha ($&&$*a" #u+a .#$s% (aas ($#)a&"%! "$*a/-

GAMBAR TOPPING CYCLE

b.bottoming cycleD% ,a+a# bottoming cycle "$)u!uha (aas (*s$s ,% (a)*%" "%#%a ,%($uh% +a&su&

,$&a )aha )a"a* .+%ha! &a#)a* 7-2/- E$*&% !$*#a+ s%sa (*s$s "$#u,%a ,%#a'aa!"a

u!u" (*,u"s% $$*&% #$"a%" #$+a+u% sua!u s%"+us !$*#,%a#%"- A"h%*a $$*&% #$"a%"

!$*s$)u! ,%&ua"a u!u" #$#)a&"%!"a +%s!*%"- P$&&uaa Bottoming cycle u&a

#$&h$#a! su#)$* $$*&%- Sa+ah sa!u !h bottoming cycle a,a+ah ($#a'aa!a &as

$*)& steam reforming u!u" (*,u"s% ua( ,% ,a+a# waste heat boiler .WT/- Ua(

!$*s$)u! s$+au!a ,%&ua"a s$)a&a% ($&&$*a" !u*)% ua(-

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GAMBAR BOTTOMING CYCLE

4. COGENERATIONDENGAN TURBIN UAP

Tu*)% ua( #$*u(a"a sua!u s%s!$# ($#)a&"%! "$*a a& (a+%& )aa" ,%&ua"a ,%,a+a#

cogeneration- Tu*)% ua( a& ,%&ua"a ,a+a# cogeneration)%asaa !u*)% back pressure-

Ua( )$"as $"s(as% ,% ,a+a# !u*)% back pressure a,a+ah ua( $uh a!au s$,%"%! ,%a!as $uh-

Ua( )$"as !u*)% ,a+a# ss!$# cogenerations$,$*haa %% ,%a+%*"a "$ u%!8u%! ($#*s$s ,%

,a+a# (a)*%" (liha !a"#a$ %.3&.

Sa!u "$+$#aha cogenerationa,a+ah sa+%& "$!$*&a!u&a a!a*a )$)a +%s!*%" ,a )$)a

!$*#a+- U!u" #$&u*a&% "$!$*&a!u&a "$,ua )$)a !$*s$)u! a*%&a +%s!*%" ,a

cogeneration,%hu)u&"a ,$&a su#)$* +%s!*%" %,$($,$ .#%sa+a ,a*% a*%&a +%s!*%"

u#u# a!au ($#)a&"%! +%s!*%" !$a&a ,%$s$+/-

Cogeneration ,%($*as%"a #$u*u! "$)u!uha $$*&% !$*#a+ u%!8u%! (*s$s s$,a&

(*,u"s% +%s!*%" !$*&a!u& (a,a +au a+%* ua( a& +$a! !u*)%- %"a (*,u"s% +%s!*%" )$*+$)%h

#a"a power plant a"a #$&%*%#"a "$+$)%ha +%s!*%" !$*s$)u! "$ a*%&a +%s!*%" u#u#-

S$)a+%"a "$"u*a&a $$*&% +%s!*%" ,%($uh% ,$&a ($&a#)%+a +%s!*%" ,a*% a*%&a

u#u#-

K'%&u*as% +a% a& +$)%h '+$"s%)$+ a,a+ah ($&a!u*a +au ua( ,$&a Pressure Reducing

alve .PR;/ )$s$*!a desuperheater .DS/ ,a !urplus alve .S;/ .+%ha! &a#)a* 7-4/- %"a

"$)u!uha ua( u!u" $$*&% !$*#a+ (*s$s +$)%h )$sa* ,a*%(a,a "$)u!uha ua( u!u"

#$&&$*a""a !u*)% #a"a ($#$uha "$)u!uha ua( u!u" (*s$s ,%+a"u"a ,$&a

($&a+%*a ua( +$a! PR;-

D% ,a+a# PR; ua( #$&a+a#% $"s(as% %s$!a+(% s$h%&&a ua( #a"%superheated- Ka*$a

ua( ($#aas (*s$s ha*us (a,a ",%s% s$"%!a* !%!%" $uh #a"a ua( (aas a& "$+ua* PR;

,%)asah% ,$&a a%* ,% ,a+a# desuperheater (liha #a# ' N)$a*a Ua+&.

GAMBAR %.4

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P$&$,a+%a +au a+%* ua( ,%+a"u"a ,$&a ($&u"u*a !$"aa ua( ,%sa+u*a a& #$uu

u%!8u%! (*s$s .+%ha! &a#)a* 7-4/- %"a !$*a,% "$"u*a&a ua( !$"aa ua( ,% ,a+a# sa+u*a

!u*u- P$u*ua !$"aa %% s$+au!a a"a #$#)u"a PR;- P$&$,a+%a !$#($*a!u*$ ua(

,%+a"u"a ,$&a ($&u"u*a !$#($*a!u*$ ua( DS- %"a !$#($*a!u*$ #as%h !%&&% #a"a +au

a+%* a%* "$ DS ,%)$sa*"a- S$)a+%"a "$+$)%ha ua( "$ u%! (*s$s a"a "$+ua* +$a! !urplus

alve.Ua( +$)%h %% ,%",$sas% u!u" ,%u#(a"a "$#)a+% "$ )%+$*- a+ !$*a"h%* %%

#$*u(a"a ($#)*sa $$*&-

S%s!$# cogeneration ,$&a PR; s$sua% u!u" "$)u!uha ua( ($#aas +$)%h !%&&% ,a*%(a,a

"$)u!uha ua( u!u" ($&&$*a" !u*)%- %"a "$)u!uha ua( ($#aas +$)%h *$,ah ,a*%(a,a

"$)u!uha ua( "$ !u*)% #a"a ($&a!u*a "$)u!uha ua( ,a ,aa "$+ua* !u*)% ,%+a"u"a

,$&a ($&&uaa"#traction $urbine .+%ha! &a#)a* 7-5/

Tu*)% $"s!*a"s% (a+%& !%,a" !$*,%*% ,a*% ,ua !aha( $"s(as% ua( :

a- Sua!u !aha( $"s(as% ua( s$($*!% ,a+a# !u*)%Back Pressure a,% ua( !%,a" #$a(a%

$"s(as% ($uh-

)- E"s(as% a"h%* ,%+a"u"a ,%!%&"a! )$*%"u!a a& #%*%( Condensing $urbine ua(

,%$"s(as% sa#(a% $uh a!au )ah"a !$*",$sas% s$)a&%a-

Ua( (*s$s ,%a#)%+ ,a*% $"s(as% !aha( ($*!a#a .ua( $"s!*a"s%/- %"a "$)u!uha ua(

(*s$s #$%&"a! $"s!*a"s% ua( #$%&"a!- Lau ua( +$a! !u*)% ($*!a#a #$%&"a! !$!a(%

+au ua( +$a! !u*)% !$*a"h%* )$*"ua&- as%+a ,aa "$+ua* !u*)% ,a(a! ,%a&a !$!a(-

S$)a+%"a %"a "$)u!uha ua( (*s$s #$u*u +au a+%* ua( "$ !u*)% ($*!a#a ,%"u*a&%

s$h%&&a ,aa "$+ua* !u*)% u&a ,a(a! ,%a&a !$!a(-

GAMBAR %.,

K,%s% ua( ($*!a#a #asu" !u*)% #$*u(a"a sa!u ha+ ($!%& ,a+a# cogeneration.Ua( %% ha*us #$#(ua% !$"aa ,a !$#($*a!u*$ !%&& "a*$a ua( )$"as !u*)% #as%h a"a

,%&ua"a s$)a&a% ua( (*s$s- %+$* u!u" cogeneration ha*us #a#(u u!u" #$#(*,u"s%

ua( !$"aa !%&&% !$!a(% "a(as%!asa *$+a!%' *$,ah-