makalah tof fix (ditambahin deskripsi etio).doc

8/19/2019 MAKALAH TOF FIX (ditambahin deskripsi etio).doc

1/28

TUGAS KELOMPOK

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

Disusun Oleh :

KD. LINA KURNIA DEWI 12!"!2!!111!#$

PRATIDINA DWINDA %.E 12!"!2!!1#1!!#

ANGGID APRILIANNA %APSARI 12!"!2!"1#1!1#

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA

MALANG

2015

1


2/28

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar B!a"a#$

Tin&&in'( )*e+(lensi ,el(in(n sis-e ,(*/i0+(s,ul(* s((- ini )e*lu

un-u, ,i-( en&e-(hui )en'e( se*-( 3(*( en3e&(hn'(. Se(&i(n /(*i

,el(in(n -e*seu- '(i-u )en'(,i- 4(n-un& (5((n 6P789. P78 ,e(n'(,(n

-e*4(/i )(/( (n(,(n(, /(n ('i (*u l(hi*. Kel(in(n ini /i,(*en(,(n ;(,-0*

e,s0&en /(n en/0&en. Y(n& -e*(su, /(l( P78 (n-(*( l(in VSD ASD

PDA /(n Te-*(l0&i


3/28

2.1 D'(#()(

Te-*(l0&i


4/28

Ga/,ar 1. 7(n-un& n0*(l /(n 4(n-un& TO9'(i-u :

1. Ttra!$ ' Fa!!t 3(t4 %!/#ar atr)(a Ttra!$ ' Fa!!t

+#$a# atr)(a ar%6

4


5/28

Lesi ini e*u)(,(n lesi -e*)(*(h /(*i )en'i)(n&(n

s)e3-*u (n-e*03e)h(l(/ )(/( s(lu*(n ,elu(* se)-u.

A/(,(l(n'( ,(-u) )ul0n(l /i)en&(*uhi /(l( is0l(si en4(/i

i)e*;0*(-e 6-i/(, /ilu(n&i9 u,(n s-en0sis. Se,i-(* se-en&(h

)(sien /en&(n )ul0n(*' (-*esi( (*-e*i )ul0ne* ,(n(n /(n

,i*in'( en'(-u /en&(n /(*(h '(n& enu4u (*-e*i )ul0ne*

en&(li* -e*usene*us el(lui s(lu*(n (*-e*i )(-en. Di s((- '(n&

l(in )e*se/i((n (*-e*i )ul0ne* (/(l(h ul-i;03(l. P(/( )(sien

se)e*-i ini 4i,( (*-e*i )ul0ne* en'(-u (-(u -e*us ene*us -i/(,

e*hen-i )e*se/i((n /(*(h ,eun&,in(n es(* h(n'( (,(n

e*(5(l /(*i (*-e*i ul-i)le (0*-0)ul0n(*' 30ll(-e*(l. 7i,( (*-e*i

)ul0ne* -e*)u-us (-(u -i/(, e*;un&si )e*se/i((n /(*(h ,e )(*u

)(*u (,(n e*(s(l /(*i (*-e*i ul-i)le 30ll(-e*(l (-(u /(*i ,0in(si

(*-e*i ,0l(-e*(l /(n )euluh@s(lu*(n (*-e*i.D(l( ,(sus )(s0,(n ,0)le,s /(*(h ,e )(*u)(*u (,(

)e*lu un-u, enen-u,(n )*0)0*si )(*en,i )(*u '(n& /isu)l(i 0leh

(*-e*i )(*u in-*()e*i3(*/i(l se(&(i l(5(n (&i(n(&i(n '(n&

/isu)l(i se3(*( e,s,lusi; 0leh (*-e*i 30ll(-e*(l.Mes,i)un (*-e*i 30ll(-e*(l -i/(, -e*&(n-un& )(/(

)*0s-(&l(n/in un-u, )(-ensi e*e,( eili,i )0-ensi un-u, s-en0se

/(*i 5(,-u ,e 5(,-u. D(l( ,(sus l(in (*-e*i 30ll(-e*(l es(* /()(-

ee*i,(n (*us -e*(-(s ,e )(*u)(*u sehin&&( en&h(sil,(n

)euluh /(*(h )(*u hi)e*-ensi. M(n(4een 4(n&,( )(n4(n& )(/(

su)l(i )(*u )(/( )(sien /en&(n -e-*(l0&' 0;


6/28

2. Ttra!$ ' Fa!!t 3(t4 a,)#t %!/#ar *a!* Ttra!$( '

Fa!!t +#$a# "t(a+aa# "at% ar%6

Ke-i/(,se4(4(e*(n /(*i s(lu*(n ,elu(* se)-u /en&(n

)een-u,en /(s(*@ )een-u,(n elu se)u*n( sele(*(n

,(-u) )(*u '(n& /iseu- sin/*0 ,e-i(/((n ,(-u) )ul0ne* -e*lih(-

)(/( s(-u /(*i /u( )uluh 0*(n& '(n& -e*/i(&n0s( -e-*(l0&i


7/28

8. Ttra!$ ' Fa!!t 3(t4 atr(*#tr(7%!ar )ta! +'7t Ttra!$(

' Fa!!t +#$a# +'" )t%/ atr(*#tr("%!ar6

K0in(si /e;e, se)-u (-*i0+en-*i,ul(* /en&(n

(n-*i0+en-*i3ul(* 4un3-i0n uu /i-eu,(n )(/( 2B )en/e*i-(

-e-*(l0&i ;(ll0-. Pee*i(n /(n (n(4een e/is (5(l -e-() -i/(,

e*u(h n(un )e*(i,(n e/(h /(n )e*(5(-(n )0s-0)e*(si leih

,0)le,s.

2.- E(+/(!$(Te-*(l0&' 0; ;(ll0- -iul )(/( # )e* 1!.!!! ,el(hi*(n /(n

ene)(-i (n&,( "B /(*i ,el(in(n 4(n-un& (,i(- ,0n&eni-(l. S()(i

s((- ini )(*( /0,-e* -i/(, /()(- e(s-i,(n se( -e*4(/in'( (,(n

-e-()i )en'e(n'( /()(- e*,(i-(n /en&(n ;(,-0* lin&,un&(n /(n 4u&(

;(3-0* &ene-i, (-(u ,e/u(n'(. D()(- 4u&( e*huun&(n /en&(n deletion

,*00s0 22 /(n 4u&( /i ,eorge syndrome.I( leih se*in& un3ul )(/(

l(,il(,i /(*i)(/( 5(ni-(. Pen&e*-i(n (,(n e*'0l0&' /(*i)(/( )en'(,i-

ini (/(l(h se(&(i h(sil ,e&(&(l(n /(l( 30n(l se)-u (&i(n (n-e*i0*

en&h(sil,(n ,0in(si ,lini, e*u)( VSD )ul0n(*' s-en0sis (n/

0+e**i/in& (0*-(. Pe*,e(n&(n /(*i hi)e*-*0)i +en-*i,el ,(n(n (/(l(h

0leh ,(*en( ,e*4( '(n& (,in enin&,(- (,i(- /e;e, /(*i ,(-u)

)ul0n(l.%(l ini /()(- /iini(l,(n (h,(n /()(- /i)ulih,(n /en&(n

0)e*(si '(n& /ini 6


8/28

2211.2 /(n )e*u(h(n 4ul(h s(lin(n sui,*0s,0)i, l(inn'( 68hi4ii

S. 2!1#9.Te-*(l0&i 0;


9/28

s((- )*0ses )een-u,(n ene*&' s((- e*'0&enesis. %(l ini

e*e;e, l(n&sun& )(/( )*0li;e*(si sel neural crest 6)*0ses )en-in&

/(l( )een-u,(n 4(n-un&9.

!B ,(sus )en'e( (/(l(h ul-i;(3-0*

6


10/28

- K0nsusi (l,0h0l /(n

- In;e,si +i*us )(/( iu s((- ,eh(il(n (5(l

10


11/28

2.5 Pat'()(!$(

11


12/28

12


13/28

2.9 Ma#(')ta)( K!(#() A/()un (ni;es-(si /(*i -e-*(l0&i


14/28

An(, '(n& en/e*i-( -e-*(l0&i


15/28

)*e,0*/i(l (n-e*i0* /(n &el0(n& S es(* /i s(/()(n )*e,0*/i(l

l(-e*(lis.De+i(si RS ,e ,(n(n 6Ruslie %.R. 2!1#9.

Ga/,ar 2.%(sil EKG-. P/r(")aa# 't r#t$#

Pee*i,s((n ;0-0 *0n-&en -h0*( /()(- eneu,(n &((*(n

4(n-un& e*en-u, se)(-u (*oot2s+aped +eart3 couer2en2sa*ot 9 /(n

)enu*un(n +(s,ul(*is(si )(*u ,(*en( e*,u*(n&n'( (li*(n /(*(h '(n&

enu4u ,e )(*u (,i(- )en'e)i-(n ,(-u) )ul0n(l )(*u 6s-en0sis

)ul0n(l9.Se&en )ul0n(l '(n& 3e,un&.A)e,s 4(n-un& -e*(n&,(-

6hi)e*-*0;i +en-*i,el ,(n(n9 6Ruslie %.R. 2!1#9.

Ga/,ar -.%(sil )ee*i,s((n ;0-0 *0n-&en

Ga/,ar 8.G((*(n +(s,ul(*is(si )(*u 0li&ei8. MRI

MRI /()(- en&u,u* +0lue +en-*i,el ,(n(n /(n ,i*i enil(i

4(lu* (li*(n /(*(h +en-*i,el ,(n(n (*-e*i )ul0n(l (0*-( /e;e, se)-u

+en-*i,el. MRI 4u&( /()(- enil(i s-en0sis 3((n& (*-e*i )ul0n(l

15


16/28

'(n& e*,0n-*iusi /(l( en'e(,(n insu;i siensi )ul0n(l /(n

,0l(-e*(l (0*-0)ul0n(l '(n& /()(- en'e(,(n overload +0lue

+en-*i,el ,i*i. %(l ini se*in& /i4u)(i )(/( )(sien '(n& /ise*-(i (-*esi(

)ul0n(l 6Ruslie %.R. 2!1#9.5. E""ar+($ra/

E,0,(*/i0&*( s(n&(- e(n-u en&0n;i*(si /i(&n0sis /(n

en&e+(lu(si ee*()( (s(l(h '(n& -e*,(i- /en&(n T0


17/28

-e*u-(( un-u, en'in&,i*,(n (/(n'( (*-e*i ,0*0ne* elin-(si

in;un/iulu +en-*i,el ,(n(n 6Ruslie %.R. 2!1#9.

2.< P#ata!a")a#aa#1. Tata!a")a#a Ra3at Ja!a#

Pen/e*i-( (*u /en&(n ,eun&,in(n -e-*(l0&i


18/28

&. Peelih(*((n ,eseh(-(n &i&i /(n T%T )en3e&(h(n

en/0,(*/i-is.-. Tata!a")a#a Pa+a Sra#$a# S(a#)()

P(/( )en/e*i-( '(n& en&(l(i se*(n&(n si(n0sis (,( -e*()i

/i-u4u,(n un-u, eu-us )(-0;isi0l0&i se*(n&(n -e*seu- (n-(*( l(in

/en&(n 3(*( :

(. 8('i h(*us /i-e)(-,(n /(l( )0sisi

,nee3hes- 6)0sisi lu-u- ,e /(/(9 /(l( u)('( enin&,(-,(n

*esis-ensi +(s,ul(* sis-ei, /(n enu*un,(n +en0us *e-u*n

sis-ei, (&(* (li*(n /(*(h ,e )(*u e*-((h.

. M0*)hine sul;(- !1!2 &@,& SC IM(-(u I+ un-u, ene,(n )us(- )e*n(;(s(n /(n en&(-(si

-(,i)neu enu*un,(n +en0us *e-u*n sis-ei, /(n en&u*(n&i

s)(se in;un/iulu.

3. 8i,(*0n(s n(-*i,us 1 Me@,& 88 IV

un-u, en&(-(si (si/0sis

/. O,si&en /()(- /ie*i,(n 5(l(u)un

)ee*i(n /isini -i/(, e&i-u -e)(- ,(*en( )e*(s(l(h(n u,(n

,(*en( ,e,u*(n&(n 0,si&en -e-()i ,(*en( (li*(n /(*(h ,e )(*u

enu*un.

O,si&en /ie*i,(n un-u, en&u*(n&i +(s0,0ns-*i,si )e*i;e* )(*u

sel(in i-u (,(n enin&,(-,(n 0,si&enis(si ,e )(*u)(*u se-el(h

(li*(n /(*(h ,e )(*u /isei(n&,(n.

Den&(n us(h( /i(-(s /ih(*(),(n (n(, -i/(, l(&i -(,i)ne( si(n0sis

e*,u*(n& /(n (n(, en4(/i -en(n&. 8il( h(l ini -i/(, -e*4(/i /()(-

/il(n4u-,(n /en&(n )ee*i(n :

e. P*0)(n0l0l !!1!2 &@,& IV )e*l(h(nl(h(n un-u,

enu*un,(n /en'u- 4(n-un& sehin&&( se*(n&( /()(- /i(-(si.

D0sis -0-(l /il(*u-,(n /en&(n 1! l 3(i*(n /(l( s)ui- /0sis

(5(l@0lus /ie*i,(n se)(*0hn'( il( se*(n&(n elu -e*(-(si

sis(n'( /ie*i,(n )e*l(h(n /(l( 1! eni- e*i,u-n'(.

18


19/28

;. Ke-(in 1# &@,& 6*(-(*(-( 22 &@,&9 IV )e*l(h(n. O(- ini

e,e*4( enin&,(-,(n *esis-ensi +(s,ule* sis-ei, /(n 4u&(

se/(-i+e

&. )en((h(n +0lue 3(i*(n -uuh /en&(n in;us 3(i*(n /()(-

e;e,-i; /(l( )en(n&(n(n se*(n&(n si(n0-i,. Pen((h(n

+0lue /(*(h 4u&( /()(- enin&,(-,(n 3u*(h 4(n-un& sehin&&(

(li*(n /(*(h ,e )(*u e*-((h /(n (li*(n /(*(h sis-ei,

e(5( 0,si&en ,e selu*uh -uuh 4u&( enin&,(-.

h. 8il( (/( /e;isiensi H(- esi se&e*( /i(-(sii.


20/28

O)e*(si )(li(-i; (/(l(h /en&(n eu(- s(un&(n (n-(*(

(0*-( /en&(n (*-e*i )ul0n(l. Me-0/e '(n& )(lin& /i,en(l i(l(h

8l(l03,T(ussi& shun- '(i-u (. Su,l(+i,ul( /i-*(nse,si /(n

/i(n(s-00sis en/-0si/e ,e (. Pul0n(l i)sil(-e*(l. Tin&,(-

0*-(li-(s e-0/e ini /il()0*,(n ,u*(n& /(*i 1 B. Di,en(l )ul(

0/i;ie/ 8l(l03,T(ussin& shun- en&&un(,(n G0*e-eH &*(;-

un-u, en&huun&,(n (. Su,l(+i,ul( /en&(n (. Pul0n(l.

P0--s shun- '(i-u (n(s-0is si/e -0 si/e (n-(*( (0*-( /esen/en

/en&(n (.)ul0n(l. W(-e*s-0n300le' shun- i*i) /en&(n P0--s

shun- '(i-u (n(s-00sis si/e-0si/e (n-(*( (0*-( (sen/en

/en&(n (.)ul0n(l.

. O)e*(si ,0*e,-i;

8e/(h ,0*e,si en4(/i )ilih(n -(-(l(,s(n( TO< i/e(l '(n&

e*-u4u(n enu-u) /e;e, se)-u +en-*i,el *ese,si (*e( s-en0sis

in;un/iulu /(n en&hil(n&,(n 0s-*u,si (i*(n /(*(h +en-*i,el

,(n(n. Ke(n'(,(n )us(- ,eseh(-(n h(n'( (,(n el(,u,(n

0)e*(si ,0*e,-i; )(/( usi( # ul(n. 7i,( 0)e*(si h(*us

/il(,u,(n seelun'( (,( 0)e*(si )(li(-i; en4(/i )ilih(n

u-((. W(l(u)un ,e(4u(n -el(h (n'(, /i3()(i n(un s()(i

se,(*(n& 0)e*(si se(3( ini sel(lu /ise*-(i *esi,0 es(*.

5. Tata!a")a#a /#%r%t "a+aa# ,a(

20


21/28

Ke-:

8TS: !lalock 0aussig2s+unt

AP: A*-e*i Pul0n(lis

VKA: Ven-*i,elK(n(n

(. 8('i /en&(n *i5('(- s)el hi)0,si(P(/( ('i (-(u (n(, /en&(n *i5('(- s)el hi)0,si( h(*us

/ie*i,(n )*0)*(n0l0l 6)e*0*(l9 /en&(n /0sis !1 &@,& 88

$ 4( s()(i /i(,u,(n 0)e*(si. Den&(n 0(- ini /ih(*(),(n

s)(se 0-0- in;un/iule* e*,u*(n& /(n ;*e,uensi s)el enu*un.

Sel(in i-u ,e(/((n uu )(sien h(*us /i)e*(i,i is(ln'(

,0*e,si (nei( /ehi/*(si (-(u in;e,si '(n& seu(n'( (,(n

enin&,(-,(n ;*e,uensi s)el. 8il( s)el hi)0,si( -(, -e*(-(si

/en&(n )ee*i(n )*0)(n0l0l /(n ,e(/((n uun'(

21


22/28

eu*u, (,( h(*us se3e)(-n'( /il(,u,(n 0)e*(si . 8il( usi(

,u*(n& /(*i ul(n /il(,u,(n 0)e*(si )(li(-i; 8l(l03, T(ussi&

Shun- 68TS9.

Seen-(*( enun&&u ('i leih es(* (-(u ,e(/((n

uun'( leih (i, un-u, 0)e*(si /e;ini-i; 6,0*e,si -0-(l9. Te-()i

il( usi( su/(h leih /(*i ul(n /()(- l(nsun& /il(,u,(n 0)e*(si

,0*e,si -0-(l 6)enu-u)(n lu(n& VSD /(n )ee(s(n (lu*

,elu(* +en-*i,el ,(n(n '(n& se)i-9. 8il( s)el e*h(sil /i(-(si

/en&(n )*0)*(n0l0l /(n ,0n/isi ('i 3u,u) (i, un-u, enun&&u

(,( 0)e*(si ,0*e,si -0-(l /il(,u,(n )(/( usi( se,i-(* 1 -(hun.. 8('i -(n)( *i5('(- s)el hi)0,si(

8il( -(, (/( *i5('(- s)el hi)0,si( uun'( 0)e*(si

,0*e,si -0-(l /il(,u,(n )(/( usi( se,i-(* 1 -(hun. Seelun'(

h(*us /il(,u,(n )ee*i,s((n s(/() 4(n-un& un-u, enil(i ,0n/isi

,e/u( (*-e*i )ul0n(lis.S'(*(- 0)e*(si ,0*e,si -0-(l i(l(h:19 U,u*(n (*-e*i )ul0n(lis ,(n(n /(n ,i*i 3u,u) es(* /(n

eenuhi ,*i-e*i( '(n& /i(4u,(n 0leh ,i*,lin '(n& /isesu(i,(n

/en&(n e*(- (/(n.

29 U,u*(n /(n ;un&si +en-*i,el ,i*i h(*us (i, (&(* ()u

en()un& (li*(n /(*(h /(n e0)(n'( se-el(h

-e*,0*e,si.8il( s'(*- i(-(s -i/(, -e*)enuhi (,( h(*us /il(,u,(n 0)e*(si

8TS /ulu /en&(n -u4u(n e)e*es(* /i(e-e* (-e*i

)ul0n(lis (-(u e)e*(i,i +en-*i,el ,i*i.3. An(, usi( 1 -(hun

P(/( (n(, usi( se,i-(* (-(u leih /(*i 1 -(hun se3e)(-n'(

/il(,u,(n )ee*i,s((n s(/() 4(n-un& un-u, enil(i /i(e-e* (*-e*i )ul0n(lis /(n 3((n&3((n&n'(. 8il( -e*n'(-( u,u*(n

(*-e*i )ul0n(lis ,e3il (,( h(*us /il(,u,(n 0)e*(si 8TS /(hulu./. 8('i (-(u (n(, '(n& -el(h en4(l(ni 8TS

U,u*(n (*-e*i )ul0n(lis h(*us /ie+(lu(si se,i-(* 12 uln

)0s- 8TS Un-u, ini /il(,u,(n )ee*i,s((n s(/() 4(n-un& /(n

(n&i0&*(;i (*-e*i )ul0n(lis /en&(n 3(*( en'un-i,,(n ,0n-*(s

/is(lu*(n 8TS. 8il( )e*-uuh(n (*-e*i )ul0n(lis 3u,u) (/e,u(-

(,( 0)e*(si ,0*e,si -0-(l /()- /il(,u,(n. 8il( elu (,(

22


23/28

/ie+(lu(si ul(n l(&i (-(u /i)e*-i(n&,(n e(s(n& 8TS l(in

/isisi ,0n-*(.9. Tata!a")a#a a#$ r!% +(!a"%"a# !4 Ora#$ T%a

8il( usi( /(n e*(- (/(n (n(, elu en3u,u)i un-u, /il(,u,(n

0)e*(si ,0*e,si. O*(n& -u( /(*i (n(,(n(, '(n& en/e*i-(

,el(in(n 4(n-un& (5((n is( /i(4(*i -en-(n& 3(*(3(*(

en&h(/()i &e4(l( '(n& -iul:

(. Men'usui (-(u en'u()i (n(, se3(*( )e*l(h(n.. Mee*i,(n )0*si (,(n '(n& leih ,e3il -e-()i leih se*in&.3. Men&u*(n&i ,e3e(s(n (n(, /en&(n -e-() e*si,() -en(n&./. Men&hen-i,(n -(n&is (n(, /en&(n 3(*( eenuhi

,eu-uh(nn'(.e. Me(*in&,(n (n(, /(l( )0sisi i*in& /(n ,(,i /i-e,u, ,e

/(/( sel(( se*(n&(n si(n0sis.

2.10 P#7$a4a#

L(n&,(h )en3e&(h(n un-u, )en'(,i- 4(n-un& ,0n&eni-(l ini

seen(*n'( -i/(, /i,e-(hui -e-()i l(n&,(h un-u,, e*4(&(4(&( is( /i(il

un-u, en&u*(n&i *isi,0 en/()(- ('i '(n& en&i/() (s(l(h 4(n-un&

'(i-u:

Seelu en&(n/un& sese0*(n& 5(ni-( i-u )e*lu e(s-i,(n i(

-el(h en/()(-,(n iunis(si *uell(.7(n&(n e*0,0, inu (l,0h0l /(n en'(l(h&un(,(n 0(-

0(-(n.Iuiu '(n& en&(l(i )en'(,i- ,*0ni, se)e*-i Di(e-es


24/28

-e*seu-. O(- ul(n&(n i-u 0leh /i&(n-i /en&(n A0i3illin 2 &

6(,si(l 1. &9 (&i )en/e*i-( /en&(n *esi,0 *en/(h

6('03lini,.309.

2.11 K/!("a)(

Se3(*( ,eselu*uh(n )(sien '(n& en4(l(ni e/(h )e*(i,(n

un-u, TO< eili,i )*0&n0sis '(n& s(n&(- (i, /en&(n 2! -(hun -in&,(-

,el(n&sun&(n hi/u) leih /(*i >!B.

• Ch*0ni3 he(*- ;(ilu*e (&i '(n& (*u l(hi*

• En/0,(*/i-is in;e,-i;

• CVA 6 3e*e*(l +(s3ul(* (33i/en- 9 /ise(,(n 0leh -*00sis (,i(-

)e*n((h(n +is,0si-i /(*(h (-(u hi)0,si( '(n& -e*u,

• Ases 0-(,

K0)li,(si e/(h )e*(i,(n TO


25/28

%e(*- 8l03,G(&(l Gin4(lT*(u( Ne(+us Ph*eni3usS-*0,e

In;e,si K0)li,(si L((- :

Os-*u,si RVOT

Aneu*'s( RVOT

Dis*i-i( /(n Su//en De(-h

Insu;isiensi V(l+ul(* 6N(su-i0n A,h'(* %. 2!!$9.

25


26/28

BAB III

PENUTUP

-.1 K)(/%!a#

Te-*(l0&i


27/28

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Is*(* Y('(n A. 2!1!. Te-*(l0&i >@Te-*(l0&i


28/28

1!. Ke+in 7. Winn ? G*0+e* M. %u-3hins. 1>>!. The P(-h0&enesis 0;

Te-*(l0&' 0; !=!==@. Di(,ses )(/(

2 A)*il 2!1=.

11. K05(l(, 7enni;e* P. Willi( Welsh /(n 8*enn( M('e*. 2!11.

!ukuA4ar PA0O56S6OO,6$ EGC : 7(,(*-(.

12. %ull D(+i/ (n/ De*e, I. 70hns-0n. 2!!$. Dasar2DasarPediatri7 8d$/$

EGC : 7(,(*-(.

1#. Ruslie %. R. D(*(/i. 2!1#. Di(&n0sis /(n T(-(l(,s(n( Te-*(l0&' 0;

makalah tof fix (ditambahin deskripsi etio).doc

Documents