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MAKALAH FIQH MUAMALAH: IJARAH

Jumat, 15 Maret 2013

PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Bea!a"# Ma$aa%

Muamaa% meru&a!a" 'a#(a" )ar( ru!u" ($am *a"# me"#atur %u'u"#a" a"tara $e$e+ra"# )a"

+ra"# a(". +"t+% %u!um ($am *a"# terma$u! muamaa% $aa% $atu"*a a)aa% (-ara% $e/a

me"*e/a.

e(r("# )e"#a" &er!em'a"#a" ama", tra"$a!$( muamaa% t()a! ter)a&at m("(atur )ar( uama

!a$(!, tra"$a!$( ter$e'ut meru&a!a" ter+'+$a" 'aru )aam )u"(a m+)er".Daam %a ("( !(ta %aru$

4ermat, a&a!a% tra"$a!$( m+)er" ("( mem((!( &erte"ta"#a" t()a! )e"#a" !a()a% (6(%7 J(!a t()a!,

ma!a tra"$a!$( )a&at )(!ata!a" mu'a%.

Daam ma!aa% ("( a!a" )(-ea$!a" $e4ara $e)er%a"a te"ta"# )e("($( (-ara%, a")a$a" %u!um,

ru!u" )a" $*arat $a%"*a. Ju#a &em'a#(a" )a" %u!um (-ara%.

B. Rumu$a" Ma$aa%

1. Me")e("($(!a" I-ara%7

2. Me"*e'ut!a" a")a$a" %u!um I-ara%7

3. Me"*e'ut!a" ru!u" )a" $*arat $a% I-ara%7

8. Me"*e'ut!a" 'era&a ma4am &em'a#(a" )a" %+!um I-ara%7

PEMBAHAAN

A. Pe"#ert(a"

AI-ara% 'era$a )ar( !ata aA-ru *a"# 'erart( A’/a)%u #a"t(. Dar( $e'a' (tu At$ 9$a/a'

&a%aa )("ama( A-ru u&a%.1;

Me"urut &e"#ert(a" *ara’, AI-ara% (aa%: Uru$a" $e/a me"*e/a *a"# -ea$ ma"aat )a"

tu-ua"*a, )a&at )($era% ter(ma!a", '+e% )e"#a" #a"t( u&a% *a"# tea% )(!eta%u( #a-(a"

terte"tu.2;e&ert( %a"*a 'ara"# (tu %aru$ 'erma"aat, m($a!a": ruma% u"tu! )(tem&at(, m+'(

u"tu! )("a(!(.

Pem((! *a"# me"*e/a!a" ma"aat )($e'ut Mu’a--(r +ra"# *a"# me"*a/a!a". P(%a! a(" *a"#

mem'er(!a" $e/a )($e'ut Mu$ta’ -(r +ra"# *a"# me"*a/a < &e"*e/a. Da", $e$uatu *a"# )(

a!a)!a" u"tu! )(am'( ma"aat"*a )($e'ut Ma’ -ur e/aa". e)a"#!a" -a$a *a"# )('er(!a"

$e'a#a( (m'aa" ma"aat )($e'ut A-ra" atau U-ra% u&a%. Da" $etea% ter-a)( a!a) I-ara% tea%

 'era"#$u"# +ra"# *a"# me"*e/a!a" 'er%a! me"#am'( u&a%, )a" +ra"# *a"# me"*e/a 'er%a! 

me"#am'( ma"aat, a!a) ("( )($e'ut &ua Mu’

a))%a% &e"##a"t(a".3;B. Da$ar Hu!um

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Da$ar–)a$ar %u!um atau ru-u!a" I-ara% a)aa% AQur ’a", Au""a%, )a" AI-ma’.

1. Da$ar %u!um I-ara% )aam AQur ’a" a)aa% :

 : =>?@ C CG @ O    “J(!a mere!a me"*u$u!a" a"a!a"a!mu u"tu!mu, ma!a 'er(!a"a% u&a%"*a.”A9aa6: .

2. Da$ar Hu!u" I-ara% Dar( AHa)(t$:

  STVW@XYZ[\W]WC  ^ _ `  bc `d b W ` ` ̀W  Y bf ^ g bh `  b Y `g bi `Cj W ` b ̀

“Bara"# $(a&a *a"# mem("ta u"tu! me"-a)( 'uru%, 'er(ta%u!a"a% u&a%"*a.”

HR. A')u Raa6)ar( A'u Hura(ra%.

3. La")a$a" I-ma’"*a (aa%:

  Umat ($am &a)a ma$a $a%a'at tea% 'er (-ma’ 'a%/a (-ara% )(&er'+e%!a" $e'a'

 'erma"aat 'a#( ma"u$(a. .8;

. Ru!u" I-ara%

Me"urut uama Ha"a(*a%, ru!u" I-ara% a)aa% (-a' )a" 6a'u, a"tara a(" )e"#a" me"##u"a!a"

!a(mat: a(-ara%, a($t(’ -ar, a(!t(ra’, )a" a(!ra.

A)a&u" me"urut -um%ur uama, ru!u" (-ara%a )a 8, *a(tu:

1. A6() +ra"# *a"# a!a).

2. %(#at a!a).

3. U-ra% u&a%.

8. Ma"aat.

D. *arat a% I-ara%

  A)a 5 $*arat $a% )ar( (-ara%, )(a"tara"*a:1.Kereaa" )ar( )ua &(%a! *a"# mea!u!a" a!a) (-ara% ter$e'ut,

2. Me"#eta%u( ma"aat )e"#a" $em&ur"a 'ara"# *a"# )(a!a)!a", $e%("##a me"4e#a%

ter-a)("*a &er$e($a%a",

3. Ke#u"aa""*a )ar( 'ara"# ter$e'ut,

8. Kema"aata" 'e")a )('+e%!a" me"urut$*ara’,

5. k'-e! tra"$a!$( a!a) (tu 'ara"#"*a )a&at )(ma"aat!a" !e#u"aa""*a me"urut !r(ter(a, )a"

rea(ta.5;

E. Pem'a#(a" )a" Hu!um I-ara%

I-ara% ter'a#( me"-a)( )ua, *a(tu (-ara% ter%a)a& 'e")a atau $e/ame"*e/a, )a" (-ara% ata$

 &e!er-aa" atau u&a%me"#u&a%.

1. Hu!um $e/ame"*e/a

D('+e%!a" (-ara% ata$ 'ara"# mu'a%, $e&ert(: ruma%, !amar, )a" a("a(". 9eta&( )(ara"# (-ara%

ter%a)a& 'e")a'e")a *a"# )(%aram!a".

a Keteta&a" Hu!um A!a) )aam I-ara%

Me"urut uama Ha"a(*a%, !eteta&a" a!a) (-ara% a)aa% !ema"aata" *a"# $(at"*a

mu'a%.Me"urut uama Ma(!(*a%, %+!um (-ara% $e$ua( )e"#a" !e'era)aa" ma"aat. Uama

Ha"a'(a% )a" *a(’(*a% 'er&e")a&at 'a%/a %u!um (-ara% teta& &a)a !ea)aa""*a, )a" %u!um

ter$e'ut me"-a)(!a" ma$a $e/a $e&ert( 'e")a *a"# tam&a!. ' ara Mema"aat!a" Bara"#e/aa"

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1 e/a Ruma%

J(!a $e$e+ra"# me"*e/a ruma% )('+e%!a" u"tu! mema"aat!a""*a $e$ua( !emaua""*a, 'a(! 

)(ma"aat!a" $e")(r( atau )e"#a" +ra"# +ra"# a(", 'a%!a" '+e% )($e/a!a" a#( atau )(&("-am!a"

 &a)a +ra"# a(".

2 e/a 9a"a%e/a ta"a% )(%aru$!a" u"tu! me"-ea$!a" ta"ama" a&a *a"# a!a" )(ta"am atau 'a"#u"a" a&a

*a"# a!a") ()(r(!a" )( ata$"*a. J(!a t()a! )(-ea$!a" (-ara% )(&a")a"# ru$a!.

3 e/a !e")araa"

Daam me"*e/a !e")araa", 'a(! %e/a" atau !e")araa" a(""*a %aru$ )(-ea$!a" $aa% $atu

)(a"tara )ua %a, *a(tu /a!tu )a" tem&at. Ju#a %aru$ )(-ea$!a" 'ara"# *a"# a!a" )('a/a atau

 'e")a *a"# a!a" )(a"#!ut.

4 Per'a(!a" Bara"# e/aa"

Me"urut uama Ha"a(*a%, -(!a 'ara"# *a"# )($e/a!a" ru$a!, &em((!"*aa% *a"# 'er!e/a-('a"

memm&er'a(!("*a, teta&( (a t()a! '+e% )(&a!$a. A&a'(a &e"*e/a 'er$e)(a mem&er'a(!("*a, (a

t()a! )('er(!a" u&a% $e'a' )(a"##a& $u!area.

A)a&u" %a%a !e4( $e&ert( mem'er$(%!a" $am&a% atau ta"a% meru&a!a" !e/a-('a" &e"*e/a.

) Ke/a-('a" Pe"*e/a etea% Ha'($ Ma$a e/a

1 Me"*ea%!a" !u"4( -(!a *a"# )($e/a ruma%

2 J(!a *a"# )($e/a !e")araa", (a %aru$ me"*(m&a""*a !em'a( )( tem&at a$a"*a

2. Hu!um U&a%Me"#u&a%

U&a%me"#u&a% atau (-ara%‘

aa aa’

ma, *a!"( -ua'e( -a$a. B(a$a"*a 'era!u )aam 'e'era&a %a $e&ert( me"-a%(t!a" &a!a(a", mem'a"#u" ruma%, )a" a("a(". I-ara% ‘aa a

a’ma, ter'a#( )ua, *a(tu:

a I-ara% K%u$u$

la(tu (-ara% *a"# )(a!u!a" +e% $e+ra"# &e!er-a. Hu!um"*a, +ra"# *a"# 'e!er-a t()a! '+e%

 'e!er-a $ea(" )e"#a" +ra"# *a"# tea% mem'er("*a u&a%.

 ' I-ara% Mu$*tar(! 

la(tu (-ara% )(a!u!a" $e4ara 'er$ama$ama atau meau( !er-a$ama. Hu!um"*a )('+e%!a"

 'e!er-a$ama )e"#a" +ra"# a(".;

F. Ha! Me"er(ma U&a%

1 ee$a( 'e!er-a

e&ert( )aam %a)(t$ *a"# )(r(/a*at!a" +e% I'"u Ma-a%, 'a%/a Ra$uua% A, 'er$a')a:

WXZnhXYZWho b? j ob jW ` Y b ^ p̀ bCj W ` b > `` T bq ` b `i sf ^ Y `n j  jW ` ò

“Ber(!a"a% +e%mu u&a% +ra"# 'a*ara" $e'eum !er("#at"*a !er("#.”;

2 Me"#a(r"*a ma"aat, -(!a (-ara% u"tu! 'ara"#

Kare"a a&a'(a )aam $uatu 'ara"# (tu tea% ter-a)( !eru$a!a" ma!a a!a) (-ara% (tu&u" 'ata.3 Memu"#!("!a" me"#a(r"*a ma"aat -(!a ma$a"*a 'era$u"#.

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8 Mem&er4e&at )aam 'e"tu! a!a) (-ara% 'a*ara".

. Pem'ataa" )a" Bera!%(r"*a I-ara%

I-ara% a)aa% -e"($ a!a) a(m, *a"# $aa% $atu &(%a! *a"# 'era!a) t()a! mem((!( %a! a$a!%,

!are"a (a meru&a!a" a!a) &ertu!ara", !e4ua( )()a&at( %a *a"# me/a-('!a" a$a!%. e&ert( )( 'a/a% ("(:

1 9er-a)( a(' ter%a)a& 'ara"# $e/aa" *a"# !e-a)(a""*a )( ta"#a" &e"*e/a atau ter(%at a('

ama &a)a"*a.

2 Ru$a!"* a'ara"# *a"# )($e/a!a".

3 9er&e"u%("*a ma"aat *a"# )(a!a)!a", atau $ee$a("*a &e!er-aa", atau 'era!%(r"*a ma$a,

!e4ua( -(!a ter)a&at uur *a"# me"4e#a% a$a!%.v;

PENU9UP

Ke$(m&ua"

Pa)a )a$ar"*a, (-ara% )( )e"($(!a" $e'a#a( %a! u"tu! mema"aat!a" 'ara"#w-a$a )e"#a"

mem'a*ar (m'aa" terte"tu. a)a *a"# me"er-ema%!a", (-ara% $e'a#a( -ua 'e( -a$a u&a%

me"#u&a%, *a!"( me"#am'( ma"aat te"a#a ma"u$(a, a)a &ua *a"# me"er-ema%!a" $e/a

me"*e/a, *a!"( me"#am'( ma"aat )ar( 'ara"#.

9ra"$a!$( (-ara% )( a")a$( a)a"*a &em(")a%a" ma"aat %a! #u"a, 'u!a" &em(")a%a"

!e&em((!a" %a! m((!. Ja)( &a)a )a$ar"*a &r("$(& (-ara% $ama $a-a &r("$(& -ua 'e(.

DAF9AR II

A'u A')(a%, *am$u))(". 2010. 9er-ema% FHA9HUL QARIB. ura'a*a : M ra(!a.

D-u/a("(, D(m*au))(". 2010. Pe"#a"tar FIQH MUAMALAH. l+#*a!arta : Pu$ta!a Pea-ar.

Ha$'( A$% %())(e6(, 9eu"#!u Mu%amma). 1xx. Hu!um%u!um F(6(% I$am. l+#*a!arta : P9.

Pu$ta!a R(!( Putra.

a'(6, a**(). 1xv. F(!(% u""a% 13. Ba")u"# : P9. AL–

 Ma’

ar(.u%e")(, He")(. 2005. F(6% Muamaa%. Ja!arta : P9 Ra-a ra(")+ Per$a)a.

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*ae’( Ra4%mat. 2008. F(6(% Muamaa%. Ba")u"# : Pu$ta!a et(a.

1; a**() a'(6, F(!(% u""a% 13, Ba")u"# : P9. AL – Ma’ar(, 1xv %m. .

2;*am$u))(" A'u A')(a%, 9er-ema% FHA9HUL QARIB,ura'a*a : M ra(!a, 2010 %m.

20x.

3; a**() a'(6, k&.(t,...%m. x.

8;Dr. H. He")( u%e")(, M.(. FIQH MUAMALAH, Ja!arta: P9 Ra-a ra(")+ Per$a)a, %m.

11

5;a**()$a'(6, k&.(t., %m. 1213

; Pr+. DR. H. Ra4%mat *ae’I, M.A., k&.(t.,%m. 131138

; D(m*au))(" D-ua("(, Pe"#a"tar FIQH MUAMALAH, l+#*a!arta : Pu$ta!a Pea-ar, 2010,

%m. 15

v;a**()a'(6, k&.(t.,%m. 21