lab inggris macchu picchu , flood , dll

8/20/2019 Lab inggris macchu picchu , flood , dll

1/20

Attitude

'Tude. Att-it-tude. That's everythin'. I use it in the ring. I say tomyself, I'm gonna work this sucker. I'm knockin' him down. I'm

knockin' him out!

Round three. I smashed his head usin' a right---made him grunt like the pig boy he

was. He shook it off before goin' for me. Sucker swung wild. Knew I had him, though,

when that stream of blood spurted out his aw as my fist mashed up 'gainst his chin.

!e bringin' it home to mama now, baby"

I slammed him, hard like, an' his face bended---his eye swelled up black too. He came

on like a bull. I got in another shot to his nose. #hat made him groan, but he lunged

into my arms.

He's 'gainst me, I smelt him, he's so close, and he had me blocked---had to punch wide

'gainst his shoulders---glo$es slid off the sweat like nothin'.

#hat's when I says to myself, %my ear"% like he s&ueeed in a punch and smacked it

against my head bone. (ama, I pushed him" !ut them glo$es slid off like nothin'. )nd

I go to myself, %my ear"% again, but it's the other ear.

#he ref umped in, all wa$in' an' sho$in' an' callin' the fight an' sayin' it's o$er.

I touched my ear and winced. (y glo$e came back bloody. S'up wit' that* !ut I knew

right off. #hat sucker bit me" I was poundin' him---poundin' him in a fair fight---an' he

bit me. Holy +od" s'up wit' that*


2/20

"Almost Heaven" as in "Falling Short of"

Moving to West irginia was not what I envisioned would actually

haen when I read the contest rules---an essay-auction "y mail---

and the ri#e---a totally free house recariously erched a"ove

Tallmansville $ick. %&end a hoto of yourself and your souse with

your essay of no more than () words, descri"ing why you would "e

the erfect erson*s+ to own this house.%

How could my story about !eth's terrible childhood ha$e been what would touch the

owners---so horribly graphic and all*

ery desperate to get immigrants I thought, as I dro$e down to the licensing office to

trade my #eas plates for those of the %)lmost Hea$en% state. I had two ten-year old

cars, the /012 3ldsmobile that !eth said was the last of the body-slammers, and my

'12 4or$ette, the remnant of my youth---fading color, like my proud hair.

#he ordeal took two hours. State law says that cars brought into est !y +od irginia

are le$ied a sales ta as if new---using current book $alue. %5ouble #aation"% I

protested to the clerk, busily popping her 5oublemint.

%Si hundred-twel$e 5ollars,% she said, clicking her abused nails on the rubbed-raw

6ormica counter.

%7et me see the head guy,% I demanded.

%8o head guy. 6ishing at Stonecoal,% she said. %4aught si big trout (onday.%

%5id he fillet them*% I asked, hoping chumminess might lessen the penalty for

bringing in pre$iously-taed cars.

%8ope---he was using worms I think,% said the woman who had ust used finger-math

to figure my ta.


3/20

An Awkward Silence

I watched her draw while the dust from the country road "illowed

around the assenger seat window. &he held the red felt-tied en

in her slight hand like it was an etension of her self. &mall suares

of yellow memo ad aer were scattered in her la. It was all I

could scrounge u in hoes of keeing a four year old suciently

occuied for the drive to her grandmother's house. /ed suns,

smiling faces and sun0owers "o""ed gently with the moving car. 1erface was som"er and serious. I continued to drive on, glancing

eriodically at her as she sketched and ried and arranged her tiny

canvasses of art. 2ot a word was said and I was "eginning to feel

uncomforta"le with the silence. I felt it was my o"ligation to

entertain her somehow and tried to engage her in conversation.

%So tell me sweetie,% I asked, %what's your fa$ourite colour*%

%I lo$e all the colours,% she said, not taking her eyes from her work.

%3kay. hat's your fa$ourite food then*%

%I lo$e all the food,% she replied.

I was intrigued and pressed on.

%hat's your fa$ourite day*%

She stopped for a moment and looked at me. Her eyes were clear green skies

surrounded by flecks of yellow.

%I lo$e e$eryday,% she said and returned to her work. I watched her as she put the final

strokes on what looked like a dog or cow.

I let her draw, uninterrupted, and listened to the lyrical ping of pebbles resonate off the

underbelly of my car.


4/20

Banished to My Room

I did a"solutely nothing wrong, yet here I lay, staring at theshadow of my swaying foot, retend-kicking invisi"le invaders on

the wall. &ome"ody is going to incur my wrath, even if it is an

imaginary scaegoat. At least he, she or it can't 3ght "ack4 that is

a"out the only comfort I take right now.

#here is no tele$ision in my room, only a stereo with a handful of tapes to listen to.

I am not allowed to play them, though. I ha$e been commanded to lie here in

subdued silence. 6or some reason I can't eplain, it has been deemed that I am to

be punished and confined to my bedroom. (y friends are outside, and I know theyare laughing and mocking me. #hey aren't locked up like a caged rat with nothing

to do sa$e for &uietly reading the same crappy books o$er and o$er again. If it is

punishment my o$erseers want, then they'$e succeeded. #his solitude is more like

torment.

hat did I do to deser$e this* Scream out loud occasionally, use a little profanity

that slaps epressions of shock on my benefactors* !ig deal" 3f course, if they

would tend to my needs when I ask for them, I'd be content and as restrained as an

altar boy.

3h, I'm selfish, you say* Spoiled, e$en* #ry it in my shoes, friends, and tell me

how you like being eighty-three and treated like a helpless infant"


5/20

Before the Hermitage Threshold

I reached for the doorkno", "ut my hand shook. I ulled "ack and

held my alm in front of my face.

hat was I afraid of*

) gust of wind encircled me and lea$es shuffled about---dry lea$es, as ancient as the

Hermitage itself. #hey scraped along the stone steps with a crackling that interrupted

the deepening dusk.

I turned around---into the wind---and gaed down the walkway. +rass sprawledtoward the distance, broken by the winding path and scattered oaks. !eyond my $iew,

the path led to a road, the road led to a highway, and the highway led to a city---my

home.

I cocked my head and listened for sounds I knew. 4ars re$$ing and honking. #he

clatter of subways and trolleys. #he footfall of a multitude. )ll these and more---

noises that filled my daily life like a friend I could always depend on. !ut none of

them reached me here at this secluded retreat. (y friend had abandoned me.

%6i$e days,% I said aloud. !ut e$en my $oice seemed far away, as if it too had

remained in the city. It would probably feel that way for the whole of my sabbatical.

6i$e days of solitude. 6i$e days of silence.

Silence. How was I going to deal with the silence*

I held my hand before my face. It still shook.

Silence. hat would I find there*


6/20

I blew a sigh.

#urning back toward the door, I twisted the knob. )s &uietly as possible, I crossed the

threshold into the Hermitage.

On Being atched

&he arrives alone. 1er coach, our interreter, delayed "y storms,leaves us three to toss our languages across a canyon.

In one week she'll compete at Symphony Hall. #wenty years old, a celebrity of her

island nation. 7eo and I are her $olunteer parents with a baby grand and a room for

rent where she unpacks her animist religion, a shrine of rocks on the dresser top.

!ut downstairs she freees at the brim of the music room, eyes wide to the pine

planks. She's unwilling to meet the instrument until another day has passed.

hen she steps toward the piano at last, she a$oids the knots like a child in a

sidewalk game. Her music is clutter, the sound of a biker a$oiding the pedals. She's

spooked.

3ne morning I see her kneeling, the scores face-down about the room as if tossed

by wind. e gather the scattered sta$es, unspeaking. I lea$e her seated stiff-backed

as a Shaker, not sure she is grateful.

!ut after three days of tension she &uits waiting for the coach. She talks to the wall

and bows to the room. #hen fluent as bird song she blooms, strikes lightning

chords and breaks the dawn.

)t the competition her flawless passion earns her a spot with the !oston 9ops.%e'll work on your stage fright,% the coach says, present at last. !ut this girl for


7/20

whom spirits haunt all things eplains with a triumphant smile: those people will

not daunt her more than the thousand eyes in our wide pine floor.

Berry !erfume

&he slet on the grass, and the skunk's nose twitched while itelored the "ooks silling from her "ackack. 1ad someone

haened "y at that moment, no dou"t they would have

hesitated, faced with the illusion that the little creature was

contemlating %5hilosohy,% %World 1istory,% and %An Aroach to

5hysics.%

!ut, as it was, the only thing that passed was a breath of wind, and it wafted o$er

her, carrying her perfume into the skunk's busy nostrils. !erry perfume. He

scampered up to her flowing hair---slipping as he crossed the philosophy tet---and

shook his head in an attempt to determine the source of the scent---for surely

nothing he saw here resembled a patch of berries.

Snuffling at her neck, his wet nose brushed the eact spot where she had applied

the perfume that morning. #he slight touch caused her to inhale loudly and lift her

arms o$er her head in an eaggerated stretch. She rubbed her eyelids and rolled

onto her side.

8ose-to-nose, they faced each other---student and skunk.


8/20

#he skunk simply twitched, while she, still in a slumber-induced hae, simply

stared. ;mboldened by her stillness, the skunk resumed his search for the berries,

poking his nose into her hair. She giggled. #he skunk's ears perked, con$inced that

she was not a patch of berries after all, and, with one final twitch, he waddled

away.

+aing beyond her tetbooks at his retreating form, all she could think was that,

somehow, she had come closer to a skunk than anyone she'd e$er known.

The Big Blue Shirt

&he was not what anyone would call retty. The face was sad,iie-like. 6londe curly "its attemted scraggly escaes from

"eneath the "eat u "ase"all ca. &he sat, thin shoulders

hunched like she was trying to hide the girlie arts "eneath that

"ig "lue shirt. I couldn't take my eyes o7 her. I feared she woulddisaear into the caverns of the mega-mall where I had 3rst

"egun to follow her.

8ow, perched across from her at the crowded coffee bar, I sipped my latte---

peeking upwards and sideways though wary eyelashes so watching would not be

ob$ious. Had she been warned about not speaking to strangers* Should I risk it*

ould she make a scene* How much should I offer her*


9/20

I caught the eye of a matron. She pursed her lips and ga$e me the s&uinty-eyed %I

don't appro$e of you per$ert types% glare. #hen, the girl spoke first, % (ister, can I

bum a smoke*%

(y chance. I had to be tactful. %Sure,% I mumbled. %!ut first I ha$e to ask you a&uestion*% I breathed deeply. %#hat blue shirt you're wearing... did you, ah, get it at

the Sal$ation )rmy*%

Her eyes widened. #he thin neck snapped back as if smacked by the po$erty

police. !efore she could scream or run away I blurted, %It was mine, a fa$orite---

won it bowling. See, my name, 4huck, on the slee$e. (y wife, she accidentally

donated it. I would really like to buy it back.%

Black eath

I am a transmigrant, a restless soul doomed to walk from lace tolace and from "ody to "ody unceasingly. My soul is so

#ygomorhic that even 8eath is incaa"le of allowing it to cross

the great divide.

#he +ods in their ironic wisdom ha$e arranged for me to suffer many indignities.

In the


10/20

)nd this same soul has been encased in the tortured body of a young airman in a

prisoner of war camp.

I ha$e also been propelled from the dying body of the esteemed in$entor of

ad$anced >en meditation into the pimply abode of a shallow youth with thedistinguished reputation of tossing the highest flapack e$er at the local pancake

house.

In earlier times my soul has inhabited the di$erse personalities of a Roman

gladiator, an )frican pygmy and a medie$al minstrel. I ha$e been imbedded inside

an ugly old hag who sat knitting at the foot of the guillotine as she watched the

beheading of the 6rench aristocracy. I led one life captaining a pirate ship, where I

ordered insubordinate scruffy crewmembers to walk the plank or be keelhauled

under the ship.

#he burden of these multiple lifestyles appalls me. If there are lessons to be

learned, I seem incapable of learning them. )nd so, as I lay here on yet another

deathbed, once again I plead with !lack 5eath to break the cycle.

Bless Me Father

%6less me 9ather, for I have sinned.%

I heard the words and resisted the temptation to slide the screen shut. ithout

noticing, my confessor continued to speak. Head drooping, I listened to his

whispers. He spoke of lustful thoughts and infidelity---things that should be

whispered.


11/20

I pushed against the arms of my chair, holding myself up.

Sometimes the parishioners would come in and feed me falsehoods. 8oncommittal

sins like lying, or swearing, or being angry---things children confess when they

don't know what else to say. hich were harder to hear* #hose made-up sins* 3rthe real ones* 3nes like my confessor struggled through now* 4hoices he made?

choices that hurt him and hurt his family.

)nd hurt me.

I instructed him in his indulgence, which he recei$ed in silence. (y shoulders

ached as I forced my hands through the sign of the cross.

Steps echoing into the sanctuary, he went to perform his penance. 9resently, echoesresounded again in his departure.

(y knees popped as I stood to lea$e the confessional. Hand on my lower back, I

hobbled to the front pew.

#he kneeler bent from the burden I placed on it---my weight, and the weight on my

shoulders. I hea$ed a thick breath. So many sins---real and false---they crushed me

like I crushed the kneeler. I only had strength to raise my eyes, but I met those of

my sa$ior upon the cross. Holding his gae, I spoke a word of thanks that I did not

bear these burdens alone.

Machu !icchu

Machu Picchu was probably built by Pachacuti Inca as a royal estate and religious retreat in

1460-70. After his death it re!ained the property of his allus "#inship groups$ who wereresponsible for !aintenance ad!inistration and continuing building. As a re!ar#able sacred


12/20

site "location as well as buildings$ it surely was %isited by &opa Inca and the last great ruler

'uayna (apac although each in turn built their own estates and palaces. )ew outside the

Inca*s retainers would ha%e #now of its e+istence as tra%el was restricted e+cept by Inca

decree.

'uayna (apac and an esti!ated ,0 percent of the population died of s!all po+ in 1,7Inca go%ern!ental capability !ust ha%e suffered greatly resulting in a period of tur!oil. &he

e!pire then fell into ci%il war o%er Inca secession. Machu Picchu is thought to ha%e been

abandoned at this ti!e because cost of !aintenance was prohibiti%e while epide!ic and war

depleted the re!aining !ale population.

Machu Picchu as a cere!onial site had no ad!inistrati%e or co!!erce use and was located

on a re!ote secondary road in near i!passable terrain in the high cloud forest. It had little

!ilitary %alue located high abo%e an i!passable section of the /ruba!ba i%er canyon. Any

!o%e!ent in that direction to or fro! (usco and the acred %alley up ri%er would ha%e been

!ainly by other Inca roads either the high road near alcantay or by the 2ucu!ayo %alleyroad.

It is difficult to understand fro! our #nowledge of 3ree# gyptian and other great early

ci%ili5ations with written records how such a !agnificent site could not of been disco%ered by

the panish. et I can see how it could ha%e happened. &he Inca were a co!pletely ordered

an regi!ented society .Although great nu!bers of people were !o%ed around for corporate

state proects "!it*a$ and resettle!ent once at a location they did not !o%e. &he royal

roads were reser%ed for official tra%el. Machu Picchu "surely not its na!e$ as a isolated

cere!onial site was e%en !ore restricted probably to the Inca and other high persons. 8f

course it would ha%e re9uired a steady supply of outside goods. Machu Picchu li#e !ostInca sites was undergoing continuing construction and !ust of had a resident crew of

builders as well as attendants planters etc.

&he Incas were apparently able to control their re!ar#able state syste! through a pyra!idal

hierarchy with infor!ation and direction flowing down through 10 o%erseers to 100 to a 1000

and so on. :e #now fro! historical writing and the archaeological record that they did not

possess an alphabet i.e. written language. Although they certainly !ust ha%e utili5ed so!e

sy!bols and perhaps diagra!s. :e #now that the ;uipu " collection of colored strings and

#nots$ was e+tensi%ely used as an accounting and record #eeping de%ice. &his re9uired a

trained interpreter


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death in . 8uring this eriod, /ome witnessed the successive

rise and fall of three emerors until the 3nal accession of esasian,

3rst ruler of the 9lavian 8ynasty.

The 3rst task of the new ?meror esasian was to re"uild /omeafter the civil war, to stam his own identity on the city and to wie

away the memory of 2ero. 1e re"uilt the Temle of @uiter and

constructed a vast new Temle of 5eace. The /oman >olosseum was

to "ecome the showiece of the new 9lavian dynasty of esasian

and his sons Titus and 8omitian. The location chosen for the new

amhitheater was most signi3cant. It was "uilt on the site of the

infamous olden 1ouse of 2ero. This grandiose alace, comlete

with its own lake and arkland setting, had "een "uilt in the very

heart of /ome. The lake was 3lled in and the land reused as thelocation for the new 9lavian Amhitheatre.

esasian;s decision to "uild the >olosseum on the site of 2ero;s

lake can "e seen as a gesture of returning a art of the city to the

eole which emeror 2ero had aroriated for his own use.

Ironically, the modern name for esasian;s great amhitheater is

one that makes it more of a memorial to 2ero than to the dynasty

that relaced him. The word >olosseum is derived from the colossal

statue of 2ero *the >olossus+ that stood near"y, commissioned "yhim for his olden 1ouse.

esasian did not live to see his amhitheater comleted. After he

died in BC, his oldest son Titus continued construction on the

>olosseum. Titus oened it to the u"lic in A8 :=. 8uring the

dedication of the 9lavian Amhitheater C,=== animals and hundreds

of gladiators were articiating in a hundred days of games on an

unaralleled scale. After Titus;s untimely death the following year,

8omitian, esasian;s youngest son and Titus;s young "rother, "uiltthe underground caverns and 3nished the decorative work.


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15/20

ThanksGiving

3i%ing than#s for the (reator=s gifts had always been a part of :a!panoag

daily life. )ro! ancient ti!es >ati%e People of >orth A!erica ha%e held

cere!onies to gi%e than#s for successful har%ests for the hope of a good

growing season in the early spring and for other good fortune such as the

birth of a child. 3i%ing than#s was and still is the pri!ary reason for

cere!onies or celebrations.

As with >ati%e traditions in A!erica celebrations - co!plete with !erry!a#ing

and feasting - in ngland and throughout urope after a successful crop are

as ancient as the har%est-ti!e itself. In 161 when their labors were rewarded

with a bountiful har%est after a year of sic#ness and scarcity the Pilgri!s ga%e

than#s to 3od and celebrated 'is bounty in the 'ar%est 'o!e tradition with

feasting and sport "recreation$. &o these people of strong (hristian faith this

was not !erely a re%el? it was also a oyous outpouring of gratitude.

&he arri%al of the Pilgri!s and Puritans brought new &han#sgi%ing traditions to

the A!erican scene. &oday=s national &han#sgi%ing celebration is a blend of

two traditions@ the >ew ngland custo! of reoicing after a successful har%est

based on ancient nglish har%est festi%als? and the Puritan &han#sgi%ing a

sole!n religious obser%ance co!bining prayer and feasting.

)lorida &e+as Maine and irginia each declare itself the site of the )irst

&han#sgi%ing and historical docu!ents support the %arious clai!s. panish

e+plorers and other nglish (olonists celebrated religious ser%ices of


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than#sgi%ing years beforeMayflower arri%ed. 'owe%er few people #new about

these e%ents until the 0th century. &hey were isolated celebrations forgotten

long before the establish!ent of the A!erican holiday and they played no role

in the e%olution of &han#sgi%ing.

Machu Picchu

Machu picchu is tangible e%idence of the urban Inca !pire at the pea# of its

power and achie%e!entBa citadel of cut stone fit together without !ortar so

tightly that its crac#s still can=t be penetrated by a #nife blade.

&he co!ple+ of palaces and pla5as te!ples and ho!es !ay ha%e been builtas a cere!onial site a !ilitary stronghold or a retreat for ruling elitesBits

dra!atic location is certainly well suited for any of those purposes. &he ruins

lie on a high ridge surrounded on three sides by the windy turbulent

/ruba!ba i%er so!e 000 feet "610 !eters$ below.

cholars are still stri%ing to unco%er clues to the !ysteries hidden here high in

the eastern slopes of the Andes co%ered with tropical forests of the upper

A!a5on Casin. Machu Picchu appears to lie at the center of a networ# of

related sites and trailsBand !any land!ar#s both !an-!ade and!ountainous appear to align with astrono!ical e%ents li#e the solstice sunset.

&he Inca had no written language so they left no record of why they built the

site or how they used it before it was abandoned in the early 16th century.

2andscape engineering s#ills are in strong e%idence at Machu Picchu. &he

site=s buildings walls terraces and ra!ps reclai! the steep !ountainous

terrain and !a#e the city blend naturally into the roc# escarp!ents on which it

is situated. &he 700-plus terraces preser%ed soil pro!oted agriculture and

ser%ed as part of an e+tensi%e water-distribution syste! that conser%ed water

and li!ited erosion on the steep slopes.

&he Inca=s achie%e!ents and s#ills are all the !ore i!pressi%e in light of the

#nowledge they lac#ed. :hen Machu Picchu was built so!e ,00 years ago

the Inca had no iron no steel and no wheels. &heir tre!endous effort

apparently benefited relati%ely few peopleBso!e e+perts !aintain that fewer

than a thousand indi%iduals li%ed here.

http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/peru/machu-picchu/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/peru/machu-picchu/


17/20

In 1D11 a Peru%ian guide led ale professor 'ira! Cingha! up a steep

!ountainside and into the history boo#s as the first :estern scholar to lay

eyes on the Elost cityF of Machu Picchu. :hile indigenous peoples #new of the

site Peru=s panish con9uerors ne%er didBa fact which aided Machu

Picchu=s isolation and preser%ation o%er the centuries.

Colosseum

%en today in a world of s#yscrapers the (olosseu! is hugely i!pressi%e. It

stands as a glorious but troubling !onu!ent to o!an i!perial power and

cruelty. Inside it behind those serried ran#s of arches and colu!ns o!ans

for centuries cold-bloodedly #illed literally thousands of people who! they saw

as cri!inals as well as professional fighters and ani!als.

Indeed it was the a!phitheatre*s reputation as a sacred spot where (hristian!artyrs had !et their fate that sa%ed the (olosseu! fro! further

depredations by o!an popes and aristocrats - an+ious to use its once

glistening stone for their palaces and churches. &he cathedrals of t Peter

and t Gohn 2ateran the Pala55o ene5ia and the &iber*s ri%er defences for

e+a!ple all e+ploited the (olosseu! as a con%enient 9uarry.

As a result of this plunder and also because of fires and earth9ua#es two

thirds of the original ha%e been destroyed so that the present (olosseu! is

only a shadow of its for!er self a noble ruin.

&he (olosseu! was started in the after!ath of >ero*s e+tra%agance and the

rebellion by the Gews in Palestine against o!an rule. >ero after the great

fire at o!e in AH 64 had built a huge pleasure palace for hi!self "the

3olden 'ouse$ right in the centre of the city. In 6 faced with !ilitary

uprisings he co!!itted suicide and the e!pire was engulfed in ci%il wars.

&he e%entual winner espasian "e!peror 6D-7D$ decided to shore up his

sha#y regi!e by building an a!phitheatre or pleasure palace for the people

out of the booty fro! the Gewish :ar - on the site of the la#e in the gardens of

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/1913/04/machu-picchu/bingham-texthttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/1913/04/machu-picchu/bingham-text


18/20


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wor#ed by ri%ers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because ri%ers

pro%ide easy tra%el and access to co!!erce and industry.

o!e floods de%elop slowly while others such as flash floods can de%elop in ust a few !inutes and without %isible signs of rain. Additionally floods can be

local i!pacting a neighborhood or co!!unity or %ery large affecting entire

ri%er basins.

ThanksGiving

Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated in (anada and the /nited

tates. It was originally celebrated as a day of gi%ing than#s for the blessing of

the har%est and of the preceding year.

Prayers of than#s and special than#sgi%ing cere!onies are co!!on a!ong

al!ost all religions after har%ests and at other ti!es.K1L&he &han#sgi%ing

holiday*s history in >orth A!erica is rooted in nglish traditions dating fro!

the Protestant efor!ation. It also has aspects of a har%est festi%al e%en

though the har%est in >ew ngland occurs well before the late->o%e!ber date

on which the !odern &han#sgi%ing holiday is celebrated.

In the nglish tradition days of than#sgi%ing and special than#sgi%ing religious

ser%ices beca!e i!portant during the nglish efor!ation in the reign

of 'enry III and in reaction to the large nu!ber of religious holidays on the

(atholic calendar. Cefore 1,6 there were D, (hurch holidays plus ,

undays when people were re9uired to attend church and forego wor# and

so!eti!es pay for e+pensi%e celebrations.

&he 1,6 refor!s reduced the nu!ber of (hurch holidays to 7 but

so!e Puritans wished to co!pletely eli!inate all (hurch holidays

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_(soil)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_floodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holidayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvesthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving#cite_note-Hodg_1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvest_festivalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Reformationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_(soil)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_floodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holidayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvesthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving#cite_note-Hodg_1-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvest_festivalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Reformationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan


20/20

including (hrist!as and aster . &he holidays were to be replaced by specially

called Hays of )asting or Hays of &han#sgi%ing in response to e%ents that the

Puritans %iewed as acts of special pro%idence. /ne+pected disasters or

threats of udge!ent fro! on high called for Hays of )asting.

pecial blessings %iewed as co!ing fro! 3od called for Hays of

&han#sgi%ing. )or e+a!ple Hays of )asting were called on account of

drought in 1611 floods in 161 and plagues in 1604 and 16. Hays of

&han#sgi%ing were called following the %ictory o%er the panish Ar!ada in

1, and following the deli%erance of ;ueen Anne in 170,. An unusual annual

Hay of &han#sgi%ing began in 1606 following the failure of the 3unpowder

Plot in 160, and de%eloped into 3uy )aw#es Hay.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_of_humiliation_and_thanksgivinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_providencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Armadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder_Plothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder_Plothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_Dayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_of_humiliation_and_thanksgivinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_providencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Armadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder_Plothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder_Plothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_Day

lab inggris macchu picchu , flood , dll

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