kuliah proteksi ke-1 dr ir hermawan dea

7/29/2019 Kuliah Proteksi Ke-1 DR Ir Hermawan DEA

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Yogyakarta, 11.08.05 Seminar SUTET 2

Tanggal Peristiwa Beban WaktuPadam Pemulihan

15 Nov 94 Sambaran Peti r SUTET 1577 MW 52 meni tGresik-Krian

13 April 97 Malfungsi Rele SUTET 4500 MW 12 jamGandul-Suralaya

02 Agt 01 Sinyal palsu Rele SUTET 2300 MW 2 jamCawang-Bekasi-Cibinong

19 Feb 02 Wiring Proteksi GITET Paiton 993 MW 16 menit

26 Feb 02 Trafo Generetor PLTA Saguling 1003 MW 41 menit

12 Sep 02 PMT tidak bekerja dengan baik 5000 MW 7 jam

13 Sep 02 PMT tidak bekerja dengan baik 4800 MW 9 jam

Gangguan BesarDalam Dekade Terakhir


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Fundamental principles

The essential an d discriminative re moval of an abnormality from a power s ystem,thereby minimising loss of supply and damage, involves two b asic requirements:

the system must b e provided with a sufficient number of circuit-breakers o r othercorrectly-located disconnecting d evices adequate for the duty which may b eimp osed upon them;

ea ch of these devices must have controlling means which, being able torecognise abnormal conditions, will cause the appropriate, a nd only theap propriate, disconnecting d evices to function, a nd thereby remove the abnormalconditions.


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Methods of discrimination

a. Discrimination by time:

In thi s the basic idea is to add time lag features to the controlling relays of a number of circuit-breakers i n the power system so that the breaker orbreakers nearest to a fault on the system always trips fi rst.

(b) Discrimination by current magnitude:Di scrimination can be ob tained by recognising the fact that faults in differentpa rts o f a power system will cause fault currents of different magnitude onaccount of the differing impedances between th e source and the p oints of fault.


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Fi g. 2.1.1B Non-directional time-graded protection applied to aring main system

Fig. 2.1.1C Combined directional and non-directional time-graded

protection applied to a ring mainsystem

e. Time as an addition to current magnitude or distance discrimination

d. Discrimination by distance measurement:In the case o f time discrimination i t is seen that faults near to the s ource, whichare the more severe, a re held on the s ystem for relatively long periods. Therequ ired measurement o f distance is achieved in practice in variouswa ys, which will be dealt with in detail in later chapters, but all these rely onthe fact that the l ength of a ci rcuit for a given conductor diameter and spacingde termines its impedance. Therefore the relays measure an impedance directlyrel ated to that between the circuit-breaker location and the fault


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f. Current balance methods:

(g) Opposed voltage protection

(h) Phase-comparison method

(i) Distance protection with signalling channel

kuliah proteksi ke-1 dr ir hermawan dea

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