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What is bioinformatics?

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A marriagebetween Biology and Computers!

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What is bioinformatics?

Bioinformatics is the field of science in whichbiology, computer science, and informationtechnology merge into a single discipline.

Bioinformatics is the science of managing andanalyzing biological data using advancedcomputing techniques.

Bioinformatics ultimate goal, (as is described by

an expert), is to enable the discovery of newbiological insights as well as to create a globalperspective from which unifying principles inbiology can be discerned

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Computers & Bioinformatics

*+* Bio informatics is the computer-assisted data management discipline thathelps us: Gather, store, analyze, integrate

biological and genetic information (data),and represent this information efficiently.

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Computers & Bioinformatics

There are many different bioinformatics toolsavailable over the Internet free of charge towhomever wishes to use them.

There are also many commercial software

packages used in bioinformatics by researcherswho can afford it

The number of software products is growingconstantly, so that it is impossible to list, as

software developers working in the life sciences(or life scientists with software developmenttalents), are constantly updating and producinguseful new applications.

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Bioinformatics is associated typically withmassive databases of gene and proteinsequenceand structure/function informationdatabases.

New sequences, new structures or

protein/gene function that are discovered aresearched, (compared) against what isalreadyknown, (gathered), and deposited into thedatabases.

(These searches are done by remotecomputer access using variousbioinformatics tools.)

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What is done in bioinformatics?

4 Analysis and interpretation of various types ofbiological data including: nucleotide and aminoacid sequences, protein domains, and proteinstructures.

4 Development of new algorithms and statisticswith which to assess biological information, suchas relationships among members of large datasets.

Development and implementation of tools thatenable efficient access and management ofdifferent types of information, such as variousdatabases, integrated mapping information.

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What "units of information" do wedeal with in bioinformatics?

DNA Sequence Pathways

RNA Structure Interactions Protein Evolution Mutations

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Examples of biological data used inbioinformatics

DNA (Genome)

RNA (Transciptome)

Protein (Proteorne)

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DNA

Simple Sequence Analysis

Database searching

Pairwise analysis...

Regulatory Regions

Gene Finding

Whole Genome Annotations Comparative Genomics (Analyses

between Species and Strains )

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DNA

Raw DNA Sequence

Coding or Not

4 bases: AGCT

atggcaattaaaattggtatcaatggttttggtcgtatcggccgtatcgtattccgtgcagcacaacaccgtgatgacattgaagttgtaggtattaacgacttaatc

gacgttgaatacatggcttatatgttgaaatatgattcaactcacggtcgtttcgacggcactgttgaagtgaaagatggtaacttagtggttaatggtaaaactatccgtgtaactgcagaacgtgatcca

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DNA

Complete genome annotation

Comparative Oenornics (Analysesbetween Species and Strains )

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RNA

Splice Variants

Tissue specific expression

Structure

Single gene analysis (various cloningtechniques...)

Ex peri mental data involving thousands

of genes simultaneously DNA Chips, MicroArray, and Expression

Array Analyses

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Examples of biological data forbioinformatics

DMA Chips, MicroArray, and GeneExpression Data to be Analyzed

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