jurnalbiosand filter karbon aktif dalam pengolahan limbah cair laundry

5/20/2018 JURNALBiosand FIlter Karbon Aktif Dalam Pengolahan Limbah Cair Laundry

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BIOSAND FILTER DENGAN REAKTOR KARBON AKTIF PADA PENGOLAHAN

LIMBAH CAIR LAUNDRY

Putri Aulia Halim[1]

D 121 09 273Mary Selintung [2]

Johannes Patandu [3][1]Mahasis!a S1 Program Studi "eni #ingungan Jurusan Si$il %aultas "eni

&ni'ersitas Hasanuddin Maassar[2]( [3]Sta) Penga*ar Jurusan Si$il %aultas "eni+ &ni'ersitas Hasanuddin Maassar

Abstrak

In Makassar in general an increase in the number of people from year to year . With a

city population of increase , there will be also an increase in demand for goods and services , one

of which is in great demand services are laundry services . On the other hand , laundry services

this negative impact is the generation of waste generated from the rest of the laundry process tigak

treated before it is disposed so that raises the potential for pollution to the environment, especially

on water . Activated carbon filter biosand technology is a combination of appropriate

technologies that are effective in treating surface water . This study aims to determine the

effectiveness of a decrease in the concentration of iological O!ygen "emand , #hemical O!ygen

"emand , Total $uspended $olid , and phosphates at the end of the laundry waste . $ampling was

done every % days for & week and perform repetitions ' times . After processing by using

technology effectively biosand (ilter Activated carbon reduction in iological O!ygen "emand

concentrations ranging from )&.'* + on average , #hemical O!ygen "emand ranged from -.%

+ , Total $uspended $olid averaged %./- + , and the average 0hosphate average ranged

between )/.1' + . With the sewage treatment with Activated #arbon (ilter Technology biosand

can reduce ketercemaran and can prevent the negative impact caused by waste water effluent rest

of the laundry .

Keywor !iosand (ilter, Activated carbon, iological O!ygen "emand, #hemical O!ygen"emand, Total $uspended $olid, And (osfat

Pre"a#e

Background

,n Maassar+ generally+ there is an in-rease$o$ulation )rom year to year( Po$ulationgro!th -an .e -aused .y .irth andmigration( /ith a -ity $o$ulation in-reases+

there !ill .e also in-reased )or goods andser'i-es+ one ser'i-e that is in demand!hi-h is laundry ser'i-es+ !ith the laundryser'i-es ha'e eased the household -horesand $ro'ide -onsidera.le .ene)its .yredu-ing the num.er o) unem$loyed( on theother hand+ laundry ser'i-es has negati'e

im$a-t !hi-h is generated )rom the !aste$ile residual o) the $ro-ess that is not treated.e)ore it is dis$osed so it -an lead to$ollution to the en'ironment+ es$e-ially on!ater(

/ater $ollution due to laundry !aste -aused.y detergent( ,n-luding the $ollutants inside

it -alled Alkyl ben2ene+ !hi-h is no!n ashard detergent( ,ts due to harshness to .e-orru$ted .y mi-roorganism non.iodegrada.le so it -ould -ause $ollution to

the en'ironment A)ri 4unita+ 2011( /ater)rom laundry !aste -ontain -hemi-al-om$ound !ith high le'el -on-entration o)$hos$hate+ sur)a-tant+ ammonia+ dannitrogen+ also dissol'ed solid+ tur.idity+56D+ and 6D Ahmad dan 8lDessouy+200( "hese su.stan-es !hen dis$osed o'er

the -hannel and then dis-harged into the!aters o) the ri'er !ill disru$t and degrade!ater :uality i) it;s not through the$ro-essing )irst( "aing into a--ount the$ro.lems that e


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6D+ "SS+ Phos$hate and use e:ui$ment orte-hnology =5iosand %ilter A-ti'ated-ar.on=( #i:uid !aste treatment $ur$ose isto redu-e organi- and inorgani- $ollutants in

!aste!ater to a le'el !here mi-roorganisms-an not gro! and the to in$ro-essing laundry !aste !ater+ and !hat isthe su$eriority and in)eriority o) iosand

(ilter Activated carbon in $ro-essinglaundry !aste !ater

LITERATURE

Waste water definition

A--ording to ?e$u.li- o) ,ndonesia@o'ernment #a! no( 2 year 2001+ !aste is

residual o) !or or a-ti'ity that -ontaindangerous or haardous su.stan-e that -ouldendanger en'ironment+ health+ and e


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Tabe+ /' D-rt t0at )ee b+ea#0-)%

Biosand Filter

iosand filter is a te-hnology that

$ro'ed ada$ta.le and a.le to sur'i'e inde'elo$ing -ountry( 5S% is $retty mu-h

resem.le slo! sand )ilter in a mean thatma*ority o) the )iltration and the tur.iditymo'e ha$$ens in the $ea o) the sand layerin its asso-iation !ith the de-reasing sie o)

$ores due to dismissal o) granules $arti-le("his te-hnology 99(99E ty$hoids .a-teriaeliminator Mur-ott F #u-as+ 2002

,n image 2 is a unit .iosand a-ti'e-ar.on )ilter used in the study(

I$a%e .'Biosand Filter

The mechanism in eliminating

contaminant in biosand filter

,n .iosand )ilter there is some

me-hanism in eliminating -ontaminants in!aste !ater( "hose me-hanisms su-h as

Huisman+ 200G "he )irst is me-hani-al straining the

)iltering $ro-ess o) sus$ended $arti-les thatare too large to $ass through the holes.et!een the grains o) sand( "his $ro-ess

o--urs on the sur)a-e o) the )ilter("he se-ond me-hanism is

sedimentation+ this $ro-ess is a $ro-ess to$re-i$itate sus$ended $arti-les )iner $oresie o) the holes on the sur)a-e o) the

granules(

"he third me-hanism is adsor$tion+ this$ro-ess is the most im$ortant .e-ause iteliminates the -olloidal arti-le deri'ed )romorgani- and inorgani- materials that are not

sedimented("he )ourth me-hanism is .iologi-al

a-ti'ity+ this $ro-ess in'ol'es ami-ro.iologist !ho li'es in the )ilter(Mi-roorganisms naturally )ound in ra!!ater through the )ilter and !hen it -an .e

retained on )ilter granular A!arali+ 2012(

iosand filter activated carbon hasad'antage and disad'antages( Se'eralad'antages su-h as

8))e-ti'e .e-ause biosan filter is atreatment institution that -an inde$endent as!ell as to im$ro'e the !ater :uality o) the$hysi-al+ -hemi-al+ .iologi-al and e'en mayeliminate $athogeni- .a-teria .ut !ith the$ro'ision o) o$eration and maintenan-e o)the )ilter is done $ro$erly and -orre-tly(

hea$ .e-ause 5asi-ally slo! sand)ilter need no energy dan -hemi-al material+also )ilter(

Sim$le 5e-ause the o$eration and themaintenan-e lo! in -ost+ also it doesnt needs$e-ialied o$erator so its )it to .e use in

rural+ s$e-ially in de'elo$ing -ountry(Mean!hile that disad'antages this unit

su-h as"oo sensiti'e !ith the 'ariation o)

standard $H !ater+ the sedimentation $eriodtae $retty long+ thus the )iltration $eriod

also tae time i) in .ig -a$a-ity+ .e-ause o)the !ashing generally done manually so ittae many man $o!er+ .ut its lighter insmaller s-ale

Activated carbon

Activated #arbon is an amor) -ar.on

that mostly -onsists o) )ree -ar.on also ha'ehigh adsor.ility( Activated #arbon used as.lea-h+ gas tra$$er+ logam tra$$er+ et-(?ahayu+ 200G(

,n image 3 is a a-ti'ated -ar.on that is

used )or study(

Perlon

%at

6il

Paint

Cernish

Most o) the dye


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I$a%e /' A#t-1ate #arbo)

:uality re:uirements o) a-ti'ated -ar.on -an

.e seen in "a.le G .elo!

Tab+e 2' Re3(-r$e)t o" 4(a+-ty

A#t-1ate Carbo)

No Ty5e o" test U)-t Re3(-r$e)t

1

Missing

$ie-e onheating 9B0

E Mas 2B

2 /ater E Mas 1B

3 Ash E Mas 2+B

G

Partt into

-har-oal E

"ida

ternyata

B

A.sor$tion

o) a solution

o) , mgIg Mas 7B0

Sour-e S, o 03730199B

o-onut shell is a )ine material to .e made

as a-ti'ated -ar.on that used as adsor.an-e(ot only )or it hardness+ .ut also .e-ause itsnot too thi- so it $ossi.le the adsor.ing to!or e'enly(

A-ti'ated -ar.on a.le to adsor. .othorgani- and anorgani- -om$ound+ .ut theme-hanism o) the adsor.ing still un-lear toresol'e( "he adsro.ing me-hanism thatno!n until no! is adsro.an-e o) )enolgrous and aldehid aromatis and its deri'ate(

"he -om$ound o) )enolaldehid and the-om$ound that adsor.ed .y -ar.onha$$ened .e-ause o) donora--$etorele-tron $henomenon( "he -ar.onil grou$ onthe sur)a-e o) -ar.on a-t as ele-tron donor(5e-ause this ha$$ened+ the -ore o) .enene

!ill tied !ith the -ar.onil grou$ on thissur)a-e

/ith the mi-ro $ores .et!een $arti-lesare 'ery numerous on a-ti'ated -ar.on+ !ill-ause that led to the ge*ela -a$illaryadsor$tion( ,n addition+ the $ore sie

distri.ution is an im$ortant )a-tor indetermining the a.ility o) a-ti'ated -ar.onadsor$tion( %or e


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Activated carbon making process

hra-oal $ro-ess+ this $ro-ess is the

)ormation o) -har-oal ra! materials( ,ngeneral+ $er)e-t -ar.onation is heating ra!materials in the a.sen-e o) air+ to atem$erature high enough to dry ande'a$orate in -ar.on -om$ounds( "he resultso.tained are usually less a-ti'e and ha'e a

sur)a-e area o) only a )e! s:uare meters$ergram(

A-it'ation $ro-ess is the -on'ersion o)

the lo! a.sor$ti'e -a$a-ity o) -ar.on into-ar.on that has a high a.sor$ti'e -a$a-ity(

"o in-rease the sur)a-e area and o.tain$orous -ar.on+ a-ti'ated -ar.on using hotsteam+ -ar.on dio


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damage to the a:uati- e-osystem es$e-iallyin )resh !ater !here the $lants gro! 'ery)ast -om$ared to normal gro!th Su.roto+199(

5ased on South Sula!esi @o'ernor

De-ree o( 1G o) 2003 "o$ Luality Standard

Phos$hate gi'en )or li:uid industrial !aste

detergent is 1 mg I l(

"his ty$e o) resear-h is to .e -arriedout e


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s$e-i)i- o$enings and store !ater out$ut in ameasuring -u$ until the desired )lo! rate iso.tained( 6n-e the )lo! rate is o.tained+ the!ater !ill )lo! a--ording to usual $ro-edure

)or a oneday trial(determination o) the )lo!rate -ontained in image .elo!(

-$a%e :' Too+ #a+-brat-o)

"he last stage is Sam$le "esting I#a.oratorium analysis( ?a! !ater that usedas the o.*e-t o) study is taen )rom the rest

o) the laundry !aste and tested in la.oratoryPolyte-hni- Maassar Health De$artment o)8n'ironmental Health to determine the-ontent o) ea-h -on-entration o) 56D+6D+ "SS+ and $hos$hates -ontained in the!aste !ater -ontained in !ater use the !aste

using methods as sho!n in "a.le And -an.e .e seen in image 7+ the di))eren-e.et!een .e)ore and a)ter the treatment o)!aste(

I$a%e ;' I)+et a) O(t+et o" waste

Tab+e :' a)a+ys-s 5ara$eter $et0oo Parameter method

1 56D /inler

2 6D s$e-tro$hotometri

3 "SS $hotometri

G %os)at s$e-tro$hotometri

Operating procedures Biosand FilterActivated carbon

%or the )irst !aste!ater )rom industriallaundry $oured into the reser'oir !ith a'olume o) 20 liters Q that is lo-ated higherthan the rea-tor(

"he se-ond stage !aste )rom thereser'oir )lo!s into the rea-tor using a hose("he height o) the !aste in the rea-tor ismaintained Q B -m a.o'e the to$ o) the themedia(

"he third is outlet 2 ta$s on the rea-tor

!as o$ened slo!ly to allo! air to e


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Tab+e ;' *aste water be"ore treat$e)t

5$ource 6 7asil analisis 8ab. 0oltekkes

Makassar, %1&'9

on-entration o) 56D , 12B mgIl+ ,, 27B mgIl+ dan ,,, 300 mgIl dete-ted a.o'ethe standard !ritten in the go'ernor o) southsula!esi de-ree no( 1G yr( 2003(

on-entration o) 6D+ "SS+ and $hos$hatethat dete-ted also a.o'e the standard :uality+-on-entration o) 6D , G30 mgIl+ ,, 3G mgIl+ dan ,,, 2B7 mgIl and standard:uality o) 10 mgIl+ -on-entration o) "SS , 29 mgIl+ ,, 31B mgIl+ dan ,,, 3G

mgIl and standard :uality o) 0 mgIl+ and

-on-entration o) P6G or $hos$hate , 30+3B mgIl+ ,, 10+9 mgIl+ dan ,,, 0+19mgIl and standard :uality o) 1 mgIl( high-on-entration o) 56D is an indi-ation thatorgani- su.stan-e has $ollute the

en'ironment(Pro-essing the !ater !aste .egin !ithmi-roorganism gro!th $eriod )or 12 days(A)ter .io)ilm gro!+ the $ro-essing then startin 12th day .y $ouring the !ater !aste-ontinuously )or days and do it o'er again

)or same $eriod o) time until three timese5er-$e)t ()-t res(+t

Sat)ar

3(a+-ty%o1er)or

e#ree No'&2

yr' .??/

56D,

mgIl12B

7B,, 27B

,,, 300

6D

,

mgIl

G30

10,, 3G

,,, 2B7

"SS

,

mgIl

29

0,, 31B

,,, 3G

P6G

,

mgIl

30+3B

1,, 10+9

,,, 0+19

No

O5erat-

)% t-$e

7ay8

BOD

be"ore

7$%@+8

BOD

a"ter

7$%@+8

e""e#t-1-

ty 78

4(a+-ty

sta)ar

7$%@+8

1

0 12B 7B

2 12B 79 3(0 7B

G 12B 2 B0(G0 7B

12B G 3(20 7B

2

0 27B 7B2 27B 132 B2(00 7B

G 27B 9 7G(91 7B

27B 3B 7(27 7B

3

0 300 7B

2 300 G 7(7 7B

G 300 B0 3(33 7B

300 G2 (00 7B


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re:uirements )or !hi-h industrial use o)detergent( "he lo!est 'alue o) G2 mg I l onday(#aundry !aste!ater 56D -on-entration

o'erall de-reased uni)ormly )rom 79(00 mg Il on day 2 to G mg I l on day as !ell as on$ero.aan to ,, and ,,, de-reased regularly(

"hemical Oxygen Demand "OD!

Analyti-al result o) the 6Ds

-on-entration in laundry !ater !aste anda)ter the $ro-essing the e))e-ti'ity o)eliminating 6D as sho!ed in ta.le 9

tab+e ' COD=s e""e#t-1-ty e+-$-)at-o)

5source 6 analysis result. 8ab. 0oltekkes

Makassar, %1&'9

?esult analysis sho!s that 6D

#aundry /aste .e)ore $ro-essing e


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And a de-rease on day ,,, trials to .e more

e))e-ti'e than the trial , and ,,(

Discussion

Biological Oxygen DemandBOD!

study result sho!ed that .y using.iosand )ilter -ar.on a-ti'e te-hnology

!eith )lo! rate lIhr and using -ontinuous)lo!+ !ater !astes 56D le'el -an .ede-reased( "he le'el o) the 56D .e)ore the$ro-ess )lu-tuated to around 300 mgIl -an .ede-reased to G2 mgIl in day si


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#a.oratory analysis results indi-atethat the $arameters "SS day G !as G7 mg I l B3 mg I l+ this 'alue meets :ualitystandards e$( @u. 1G ,n 2003 %igure G(2

is 0 mg I l( "his suggests that the $er)e-tand e))e-ti'e )or treatment -omes !ith aninitial de$osition o) sus$ended solids andthere)ore a--elerate de-lines(

8))e-ti'eness o) "SS allo!an-ein-reased to 92(B7E on day $ro-essing(

Pro'ision o) high -on-entration sho!ed thatthe treatment has .een running !ell untilday (

as seen in image 11 .elo!

I$a%e &&' TSS= #o)#e)trat-o) re(#t-o)

e""e#t-1e)ess

$hosphate

#aundry !ater !aste -ontained-hemi-al material !ith high -on-entration+one o) them is $hos$hate( "his is due to

$hos$hate is the $rimary material in themaing o) detergent ?osaria!arim 2010(

.e)ore the sam$le undergoing the$ro-ess the le'el o) P6Grea-h out until 0(19mgIl 30+3B mgIl + this des-ri.e ho!

-orru$ted the !ater .e-ause o) the laundry!ater !aste( "he in-reasing o) -on-entrationalso -ausing eutro)i-ation+ !hi-h isenri-hment o) !ater !ith nutrients in the)orm o) organi- materials needed .y $lants8))endi+ 2003(

Analyti-al result in la.oratorium sho!

that the $arameter o) P6G on day )ourth is0+07 mgIl 0+G9 mgIl+ !hi-h )ul)ill thedemand in go'ernors de-ree o(1G yr( 2003!hi-h is 1 mgIl( this sho!ing that the$ro-essing has did an e))e-ti'e and )la!less!or !hi-h is due to the $ro-essing has

.een e:ui$$ed !ith early sedimentationhen-e :ui-en the de-rease o) $hos$hate(

"he e))e-ti'ity in "SS eliminationin-rease u$ to 92+B7E on day se-ond( "hehigh elimination -on-entration sho!ing thatthe $ro-essing !ored )inely until day

se-ond( (Phos$hates elimination e))e-ti'ity

in-rease u$ to 99+GE on day si


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3( Parameters o) total sus$endedsolids "SS during $ro-essingde-reased )rom $retreatment'alues 29 mg I l 3G mg I l to 20

mg I l G2 mg I l !ith the highestallo!an-e "he e))e-ti'eness !ith'alue 92(B7E(

G( Parameters P6G -on-entrationse

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