introduction of comp. arch & org - dinus.ac.id€¦kontrak kuliah tugas : 40% ??? ... 7 review...
TRANSCRIPT
Danang Wahyu Utomo
Kontrak Kuliah
Tugas : 40% ???
UAS : 30% ???
UTS : 30% ???
Toleransi Keterlambatan : 20 menit
- Punishment : Review Materi sebelumnya min 2 hal. Folio
Tugas UTS UAS
>90 >80 >80
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RENCANA KEGIATAN PERKULIAHAN SEMESTER
W Pokok Bahasan
1 Organisasi dan ArsitekturKomputer
2 Sistem Komputer
3 Instruction Set Architecture and Design4
5 Computer Arithmetic
6
7 Review Materi 1-6
8 Ujian Tengah Semester
W Pokok Bahasan
9Desain Unit Pemrosesan
10
11 Desain Sistem Memory
12
13 Desain dan Organisasi InputOutput14
15 Teknik Desain Pipelining
16 Ujian Akhir Semester
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Reference
Mustafa Abd-el-Bhar, Hesham El Rewini – Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Architecture 9th
Edition (2004)
William Stallings – Computer Organization and Architecture Designing For Performance 9th
Edition (2013)
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Content
History of Computer Organization and Architecture
Component (Main) of System
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Introduction
What is Computer ?
An electronic device that can :
accept data (input), process the input to useful information (process), according to a set of instructions,store the instructions and the results of processing(storage), and produce the information (output).
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Architecture & Organization
Architecture is those visible to the programmer
instruction set,
number of bits used for data representation,
addressing techniques,
I/O mechanisms
e.g : Is there a multiply instruction?
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Architecture & Organization
Organization is how features are implemented
Control signals,
interfaces,
memory technology.
e.g : Is there a hardware multiply unit?
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Structure & Function
Structure is the way in which components relate to each other
Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure
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Structure – TOP LEVEL
Computer
Main
Memory
Input
Output
Systems
Interconnection
Peripherals
Communication
lines
Central
Processing
Unit
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Structure – TOP LEVEL
a computer consists of four main structural components, which are:
Central processing unit (CPU) – referred as processor, perform data processing and control the operation of the computer
Main memory – stores data
I/O – move data between the computer and its external environment
System interconnection - provides communication among CPU, main memory and I/O
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Structure – THE CPU
Computer Arithmetic
and
Logic Unit
Control
Unit
Internal CPU
Interconnection
Registers
CPU
I/O
Memory
System
Bus
CPU
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Structure – THE CPU
The CPU itself consists of several components such as:
registers – provides storage internal to the CPU
arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) – perform data processing function
control unit – control the operation of CPU
internal CPU interconnection – provides communication among ALU, registers and control unit
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Function
Data processing
Data storage (long term data storage function and short term data storage function)
Data movement (movement between computer and peripheral known as input / output (I/O), movement over longer distances known as data communication)
Control
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Functional View
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Data Movement
Transferring data from one peripheralOr communication line to another
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Data Storage
Data transferred from the externalenvironment to computer storage(read) or vice versa (write)
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Processing From/To Storage
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Processing From Storage to I/O
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Traditional - Calculate Tool
Abacus (Cina)
Abacus (Roman)
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Traditional - Calculate Tool
Abacus (Japan)
Abacus (Russian)
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Traditional - Calculate Tool
Abacus (School)
Abacus Binary
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History & Computer Evolution
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Fifth Generation
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First Generation
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First Generation
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)
- John Mauchly and John Eckert, proposed to build a general purpose computer using Vacuum Tubes
- Started 1943 and finished 1946
- Used until 1955
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First Generation
ENIAC – detail
- Decimal
- 20 accumulator of digits
- Program manually by switches
- 18,000 vacuum tubes
- 30 tons
- 15,000 square feet
- 140 kW power consumption
- 5000 additions per second
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First Generation
Von Neumann / Alan Turing
- Princeton Institute for Advance Studies (IAS)
- Store program concept
- Main memory
- Arithmetic Logic Unit
- Control Unit
- Input / Output equipment
- Completed in 1952
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First Generation
Store Program Concept ???
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Architecture of Von Neumann
Computer designs are based on John Von Neumann
Data and instruction are stored in a single read memory
Execution occurs in a sequential fashion from one instruction to the next
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Structure of The IAS Computer
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Structure of The IAS Computer
Main memory storing program and data
ALU operating on binary data
Control Unit interpreting instructions from memory and executing
I/O equipment operated by Control Unit
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Second Generation
Transistor
- Replaced vacuum tubes
- Smaller
- Cheaper
- Less heat dissipation
- Solid state device
- Invented 1947 at Bell Labs
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Second Generation
1947 Eckert – Mauchly Computer Corporation
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)
US Bureau of Census 1950 calculation
Ex ;
IBM 701
IBM 702
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Second Generation
IBM 701
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Second Generation
IBM 702
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Third Generation
Small scale integration circuits (100 transistor on chips)
Integrated Circuit
Bus structure
Ex :
- IBM 360
- DEC PDP - 8
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Fourth Generation
Microprocessor
Small
Portable
Reliable
GUI
Ex :
- DEC VAX
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Fourth Generation
DEC VAX
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Fifth Generation
Artificial Intelligence (Present - …)
Characteristic :
- Mega chips
- Parallel processing
- Artificial Intelligence
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Fifth Generation
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The Evolution Of Computer
History
First Generation • Using vacuum tube technology• Produce more heat• Easy to break down• Difficult to identify the problem whenever the computer becomes malfunction• Expensive• Data Processing not accurate
Second Generation • Using transistor• Small size• Low power usage• More efficient• Easy to use• Cheapest• Assembly Language
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The Evolution Of Computer
History
Third Generation • Using Integrated Circuit• Start implement multiprogramming concept and time
sharing• Small size• Low power usage• More efficient• BASIC, PASCAL
Fourth Generation • Using Microprocessor•Using LSI technology (Large Scale Integration)• Main memory becomes more efficient, faster, and large
Fifth Generation • More sophisticated• Cheapest• Faster• have ability to see, listen, talk, think like human• Have AI
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TERIMA KASIH