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\C@RJBI

47,I2?

MNCTQC?

;=;

_bnftqrmam bi8 @mqfiabw8 Lc`fc =24445 _b|bidvq8 _\N;;45Lcimdf q8 _bn?;;

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Tm`dgfdgi 'Efnb`fm mlrfdmim&

Tmdb ``cri 'Tm`fw omof`ifdm&

[mdgfrm }fimqm 'Ocjomdmdbmb&

Dcrqbtm8 @fd) Mam \b`t}bxHmrai Ocqifdc ab` CrficdcDfama Oc`|mr

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OC@BQI I 2? MNCTQC ?;=;

B` oc`bqiNBCJFIMT bt im {o`fdmdfi dmqrfjbtqrm`ab `m Btdb`m ab Dfbidfmt ab `m Qfbrrm ab `m Rif|brtfama

ab Crfbiqb, m qrm|t ab `m Liamdfi ab Bnrbtmact vMjfnct ab `m Btdb`m ab Nbcjfimt ab `m Rif|brtfama abCrfbiqb 'LRIAMNBCJFIMT&5 bt {o`fdmac abtab =6

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\c`rjbi 47, I 2?, mnctqc ?;=;

Nbcltfdm@cdmfxmdfi ab xcimt ab dfxm m v ab dciqmdqct fiqrtf|ct bi m Tfbrrm ab \bmtdc 'Mrnbiqfim&,jbafmiqb miftft nrm|fjqrfdc)Fiqrabr dciqmdq mia tgbmr xcib cdmqfci mq Tfbrrm ab \b`mtdc 'Mrnbiqfim& ov nrm|fjbqrfd mim`vtft)

[) Jmrqibx J), J) B) Nfjibx, M) Qctb``f, H) _cttf ab Qctb``f, L) _x, M) Fiqrcdmtc, F) Ic|mrm

MjofbiqbB|mmdfi ab mt jmnifqabt v aftqrfodfcibt qbj{crmbt ab {rafamt ab tbc mimbt '=66, Lcrjmdfi Clfdfim, rbmjmvcr ab Qbjomacr) Btqmac Jcimnmt, aftqrfqc Jcrfdgm)Nbc`cnfdm` dgmrmdqbrfxmqfci cl b, l mia n tmiat cl Jcrfdgm` ;> rbtbr|cfr, Clfdfim Lcrjmqfci, mrbm jmvcr clQbjo`macr, Jcimnmt tqmqb, Jcrfdgm` Aftqrfdq)

Jmf`fobq Amx, @fic Dmtqf``c

NbcjfdrcofccnmNbcjfdrcofccnm8 Rim fiqrcaddfi m m fiqbrmddfi jfdrccrnmiftjct*jfibrmbt)Nbcjfdrcofc`cnv8 Mi fiqrcadqfci qc jfdrccrnmiftjt*jfibrm`t fiqbrmdqfci)

[barc H) @{bx Nmfjmdqc, Hct @ft) Lbiqbt X)

Vmdfjfbiqct jbqfdctMiftft qf{cnfdc ab ct vmdfjfbiqct crcnifdct ab crc bi m Nmvmim |bibxcmim, m{fdmac m tbw{crmdfi)Qv{c`cnfdm` mim`vtft cl crcnbifd nc`a ab{ctfqt fi qgb |bibxb`mi Nmvmim, m{{`fba qc qgb bw{`crmqfci)

Bafwci _mji Tm`mxmr

NbcbtqmatqfdmMiftft ab m |mrfmof fama bt{mdfm ab m t fdb bi m dcj{ctfdfi ab mt jbimt ab jfibrm ab gfbrrc abdbrrc @ct Omrrmidct, btqmac Oc|mr)

Mim`vtft cl t{mqfm` |mrfmof`fqv fi qgb dcj{ctfqfci cl tf`fdm frci crb cl dbrrc @ct Omrrmidct, Oc`|mr tqmqb)Jmrvcrft \brm, @ft Mrmvm

6

76

=;2

=;6

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NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

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Nbcltfdm

@CDM@FXMDFI AB XCIMT AB DFXM@@M V AB DCIQMDQCT FIQ_RTF\CT BI @MTFB__M AB \B@MTDC 'M_NBIQFIM&, JBAFMIQB MI@FTFT N_M\FJQ_FDC

FIQ_RAB_ DCIQMDQ MIA TGBM_ XCIB @CDMQFCI MQ TFB__M AB \B@MTDC'M_NBIQFIM& OV N_M\FJBQ_FD MIM@VTFT

[mqrfdfm , Jmrfc B) , Qctb``f , _cttf ab Qctb``f , L) _x ,

= ?

_bdfofac8 ?*1*=;5 M{rco mac8 6*>*=;)

_BTRJBIJbafmiqb `m m{`fdmdfi ab `m jbqcac`cnm ab Abdci|c`dfi ab B`br, tb {babi fabiqflfdmr v gmdbrbtqfjmdfcibt ab {rcliafama {mrm im |mrfbama ab btqrdqrmt nbc`nfdmt qm`bt dcjc lm``mt, dciqmdqct,af}bt, {`qcibt, bqd) @m nrmi |biqmhm ab btqm qdifdm bt }b ic mtjb ifini jcab`c nbc`nfdc bi{mrqfd`mr, {afbiac m{`fdmrtb afrbdqmjbiqb m amqct rbn`mrfxmact)@m m{`fdmdfi ab btqb jqcac m m dmrqm nrm|fjqrfdm ab Tfbrrm ab \b`mtdc 'dci iafdbt btqrdqrm`bt }b|mrfmrci biqrb ;,2, = v ?& {brjfqf coqbibr i dcihiqc ab tc`dfcibt, bi i rminc ab {rcliafamabt }b|mi abtab ict {cdct jbqrct gmtqm ?1 ej) Btqmt tc`dfcibt {babi m{`fdmrtb m aftdciqfifamabt`fqc`nfdmt ab m dcrqbxm, qm`bt dcjc m xcim ab dfxm``m QF[M, c ofbi b` {`mic ab fiqrtf|c biqrb b` {`qi TmiO`mt dci b` Nrmifqc Mtgm) Btqmt aftdciqfifamabt nbc`nfdmt tci cotbr|mamt bi t{brlfdfb, {brc `mabqbrjfimdfi v dciqfimdfi bi {rcliafama ic brm {ctfo`b dci gbrrmjfbiqmt nbc`nfdmt qrmafdfcim`bt)Tb fabiqflfdmi mabjt, act tftqbjmt ab lm``mt fi|brtmt }b b`b|mi `m tfbrrm '{cr b` icrbtqb v {cr b`icrcbtqb&, }b tci ab qf{c fi|brtc v tb gmdbi `tqrfdmt bi {rcliafama) @mt jftjmt dcjc tb tmobrbt{ciabi m `m crcnbifm Miafim, }b `b|miqmi `mt Tfbrrmt [mj{bmimt, aiac`b `m mdqm` dcilfnrmdfijcrlc`nfdm m m Tfbrrm ab \b`mtdc)[m`mormt d`m|b8 Dmrqm nrm|fjqrfdm, Abdci|c`dfi ab B`br, Tfbrrm ab \b`mtdc, xcim ab dfxm``m)

MOTQ_MDQOv jbmit cl qgb B`br Abdci|c`dfi jbqgcac`cnv, qgbv dmi ob fabiqflfba mia ab{qg btqfjmqb lcr m |mrfbqvcl nbc`cnfd tqrdqrbt, tdg mt lm`qt, dciqmdqt, afebt, {`qcit, bqd) Qgb nrbmq ma|miqmnb cl qgft qbdgif}b ftqgmq fq acbt icq mttjb miv {mrqfd`mr nbc`cnfd {mqqbri, obfin obbi mo`b qc m{{`v afrbdq`v qc t{rcqba amqm)Qgb m{{`fdmqfci cl qgft jbqgca qc qgb nrm|fjbqrfd dgmrq cl qgb Tfbrrm ab \b`mtdc '~fqg tqrdqrm` fiabwbt qgmq|mrfba obq~bbi ;)2, = mia ?& fq m``c~ba qc coqmfi m nrc{ cl tc`qfcit, fi m rminb cl ab{qgt qgmq qgbv nc lrcj

tcjb lb~ jbqbrt qc ?1 ej) Qgbtb tc`qfcit dmi ob m{{`fba qc qgb fqgc`cnfd aftdciqfifqfbt cl qgb drtq, tdgmt qgb tgbmr QF[M mrbm, cr qgb fiqrtf|b dciqmdq {`mib obq~bbi qgb Tmi O`mt {`qci mia qgb Mtgm nrmifqb)Qgbtb nbc`cnfd aftdciqfifqfbt mrb cotbr|ba fi trlmdb, oq qgb abqbrjfimqfci mia dciqfimqfci fi ab{qg fq~mt icq {cttfo`b)Qgbv mrb m`tc fabiqflfba, q~c tvtqbjt cl fi|brtb lm`qt qgmq b`b|mqb qgb jciqmfit 'lcr qgb icrqgbmtq mia lcrqgb icrqg~btq&) Qgbtb lm`qt mrb cl {qgrtq qv{b mia qgbv mrb jmab `ftqrfd fi ab{qg) Qgbtb lm`qt mt fq fteic~i qgbv rbt{cia qc qgb Miabmi crcnbiv qgmq qgb Tfbrrmt [mj{bmimt nbq {, nf|fin qgb drrbiqjcr{gc`cnfd dcilfnrmqfci qc qgb Tfbrrm cl \b`mtdc)Ebv ~crat8B`br abdci|c`qfci, nrm|fjbqrfd dgmrq, tgbmr xcib, Tfbrrm ab \b`mtdc)

=@fdaNbcl, Arm) DCIFDBQ) Fitqfqqc Nbcltfdc Tftjc`nfdc \c`{cif 'FNT\&) Lmd`qma ab Dfbidfmt, Bwmdqmt, Ltfdmt v Imqrm`bt)

?Rif|brtfama Imdfcim` ab Tmi Hmi 'RITH&) b*jmf`8 j{jKith*dfj)ba)mr5 @fdaNbcl, Ar) DCIFDBQ) FNT\) b*jmf`8

4jnfjbibxKith*dfj)ba)mr5 Ar) bi Dfbidfmt Nbc`nfdmt) Lmd`qma ab Dfbidfmt Imqrm`bt b Fitqfqqc Jfnb` @f``c) Qdji) b*jmf`8

1mhqctb``fKvmgcc)dcj5 Arm) bi Dfbidfmt Nbcnfdmt) Lmd`qma ab Dfbidfmt Imqrm`bt b Fitqfqqc Jfnb` @f``c) Qdji

2 Bwmdqmt, Finbifbrm v Mnrfjbitrm) Rif|brtfama Imdfcim` ab _ctmrfc) b*jmf`8 nbclftfdKldbfm)ir)ba)mr5 Acdqcrmac bi Finbifbrm)Obdmrfc DCIFDBQ) Rif|brtfama Imdfcim` ab _ctmrfc) b*jmf`8 f|mtfqciKvmgcc)dcj)mr

NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

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=661& armiqb `m crcnbifmDgifdm, m{rcwfjmamjbiqb m `ct4>; Jm, }b dcrrbt{ciabrmi mlm``mt fi|brtmt, dci dcj{cibiqbab rjoc v }b tb t{cib, amamt bwqbitfi rbnfcim`, }b abomm`dmixmr omtqmiqb {rcliafama)M`nc tfjf`mr qfbib `nmr bi b`dciqmdqc ab` {`qi Tmi O`mt, vm

}b tb qrmqm ab i fiqrtf|cdfrditdrfqc, crfnfim`jbiqb todfr*d`mr, }b gmorm mtdbiafac {crjmhcr tqc{fin, c }b ablfifrm dci*qmdqct m{rcwfjmamjbiqb |brqfdm*`bt, bi cqrc nrmifqc ab dcj{ctfdfiaflbrbiqb v jt miqfnc, mi}bqmjofi ab bama dmrocilbrm) Btqmaftdciqfifama fqc`nfdm {brjfqb b`dciqrmtqb nrm|fjqrfdc biqrbmjoct qf{ct ab nrmifqct v `m ab*qbrjfimdfi ab `mt {rcliafamabtabtab `mt dm`bt qfbib `nmr b`lbijbic fiqrtf|c) Bi `c }btfnb mim`fxmrbjct t`c `m Tfbrrmab \b`mtdc '}b {brqbibdb m `mtTfbrrmt [mj{bmimt Icrcddfabi*qm`bt&, m {mrqfr ab `m qdifdm abAbdci|c`dfi ab B`br dcitfab*rmam dcjc im qdifdm ab fiqbr{rb*qmdfi tbjfmqcjqfdm ab `ctamqct nrm|fjqrfdct)

JBQCAC@CNMM {mrqfr ab im omtb ab amqctnrm|fjqrfdct {brqbibdfbiqbt m`Fitqfqqc Nbcltfdc Tftjc`nfdc

\c`{cif v m` Fitqfqqc ab Ltfdm ab_ctmrfc, |fid`mact m` |m`cr abrblbrbidfm ab Jfnb`bqb 'ObictMfrbt&, bi b` Tftqbjm FNTI=6>=,tb dcilbddfci im dmrqm abmicjm`mt ab Ocnbr, qf`fxmiac{mrm `m dcrrbddfi ab mfrb `forb b`nrmafbiqb icrjm` ab ;,4;7&) Lmhm ab AblcrjmdfiQrmqmjfbiqc nrm|fjqrfdc tcorb abdci|c`qfci) Nbc{gvtfdt, @m Gcr}bqm, tfbrrm ab \b`mtdc,{brlf`bt bi m Tfbrrm ab \b`mxdc) 228 7;*6=) Tfbrrmt [mj{bmimt, IC ab'@m _fchm* Mrnbiqfim& ) F Qgcj{tci, A) Q) '=67?&) BR@A[G8 M r n b i q f i m 8 { b q rc n r m l m ,D c i n r b t c D o m i c a b M ib~ qbdgif}b lcr jmefin nbc}jfdm, btqrdqrmt vNbcltfdm) @m Gmomim) Dom) dc j{q br mttf tq ba ab {g tfn ifl fdm ac qbd qi fdc ) @mMDQMT bi DA) btqfjmqbt lrcj jmnibqfd amqm) Gcr}bqm Tgbmr Xcib, Tfbrrm

_mjct, \ )M) , Hc rami , Q ) , Nbc{gvtfdt, 1>8 4=*4>) ab \b`mtdc, I^ Mrnbiqfim8M``jbiafinbr, _), Emv, T), Qctb``f, M)H), Armia, L)_), _cttf ab {bqrcnrm{gv, nbcdgbjftqrv,Dcrqt, H) v [m`jm, J) '=671&) Qctb``f, H)I) v Tmm|barm, H) t q rd q rbt mia qbd qci fd Dgf`bifm5 i qbrrbic m`dqcic '=66

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Mjofbiqb

B\M@RMDFI AB @MT JMNIFQRABT V AFTQ_FORDFCIBT QBJ[C_M@BT AB[_AFAMT AB TRB@C MIRM@BT '=66? Jn)g*=& mttcdfmqba ~fqg qgb gfngbtqm|brmnb miim` rmfilm`` '=,;41)2 mia 7

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abqbrfcrc fj{`fdm im bicrjb qbj{brmqrmt jifjmt btqi jbafdfcibt bi `mt {mrdb`mtabt|biqmhm bi b` mdqm` jcab`c ab m`rbabacr ab 2 m < D 'Qcenm~m v bw{brfjbiqm`bt dci b` qrmqmjfbiqca b t m r r c ` ` c b d c i j f d c , \mrnmt, =66

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mct ab jmvcr {rbdf{fqmdfi)@ct |m`crbt ab abt|fmdfi btqiamr v`ct dcblfdfbiqbt ab |mrfmdfi {mrm qcact`ct qrmqmjfbiqct b|m`mact tbdcitfabrmi b`b|mact, `c }b rbl`bhm }b`m tbrfb ab amqct btqafmam tb m`bhmdcitfabrmo`bjbiqb ab `m jbafmmrfqjqfdm, icqiactb im |mrfmdfi ab`mt {rafamt ab tb`c m qrm|t ab `ct

mct }b btq bi lidfi ab ct jciqctqcqm`bt ab {rbdf{fqmdfi {mrm dmam mcb|m`mac)

DCID@RTFI@mt jmvcrbt {rafamt ab tb`c tbnbibrmrci bi `ct mct }b goc jmvcr{rbdf{fqmdfi qcqm`) @m {rafamt abt b ` c t b t q i b t q r b d g m j b i q brb`mdfcimamt dci `m ``|fm, bi {mrqb {crb` {cabr ab abt{rbiafjfbiqc ab`fj{mdqc ab mt ncqmt m` nc`{bmr b` tb`cv, m t |bx {cr `m dciqrfodfi ab m ``|fmm m btdcrrbiqm)Ab mdbrac m ct mi`ftft ab lrbdbidfmv brctfi m{`fdmamt bi btqb btqafc, tbdcid`vb }b b` qrmqmjfbiqc ab [rmabrmimqrm` {rbtbiq |m`crbt ab brctfijbicrbt m `ct qrmqmjfbiqct abtotc`mac v xmihmt ab filf`qrmdfi c dm`b|fabidfm }b afdgmt {rdqfdmt ab{rb{mrmdfi tb tb`ct v dcitbr|mdfiab tb`ct v mnm ic qfbibi i blbdqctfniflfdmqf|c bi dmiqc m `m aftjfidfiab `m dmiqfama ab tbafjbiqc rbnftqrmacbi m xcim ab btqafc)

MN_MABDFJFBIQCTb rbdcicdb b` m{cvc lfimidfbrc{rc{crdfcimac {cr b` Dbiqrc ab` Mnm{mrm Xcimt rfamt v Tbjfrfamt abMjrfdm @mqfim v b` Dmrfob 'DMXM@MD&dci tbab bi Dgf`b)

tb`c tbnfac ab` qrmqmjfbiqc xmihmt ab filf`qrmdfi5btqc {bab mqrfofrtb, {rfidf{m`jbiqb, m `m _BLB_BIDFMTfiqbr|bidfi ab` tb`c jbafmiqb btqmt {rdqfdmt, Dc`cqqf, B) '?;;1&) M{`fdmof`fama ab ct amqct ab `|fm

mimac m` blbdqc ab `m dcobrqrm |bnbqm` 'Mdmdfm gcrmrfm bi b` d`d`c ab m brctf|fama) Qrmomhc abdm|bi v [fit rmafmqm& bi `ct qrmqmjfbiqct Mtdbitc) Dmrmdmt, \bibxb`m) Lmd`qma abtotc`mac v xmihmt, rbt{bdqf|mjbiqb) [cr t {mrqb b` Gjmif amabt, Ri f|br tfama Dbiq rm ` abqrmqmjfbiqc {rmabrm imqrm` rb{crq `mt jbicrbt \bibxb`m) =7? {){rafamt ab tb`c5 tb abob bi {rfidf{fc, m` blbdqc Gcicrmqc, _)5 @) Omrrm`bt5 F) [bm v L) Omrrbrm,`fnmac m m rbdcitc`famdfi ab` tb`c abofac m }b ic '?;;=&) B|m`mdfi ab` jcab`c RT@B bi `mlb fiqbr|bifac) btqfjmdfi ab m brctfi bi tbft cdm`famabtBi `m qmo`m F, tb abtqmdm d`mrmjbiqb `m frrbn`mrfama biqrb `m F\ v FW _bnfi ab Dgf`b) Dfbi) Fi|) Mnr)fiqbrmim` ab `mt {rbdf{fqmdfcibt, bi b` rbm ab ?7'=&8 >*=1)btqafc `m {`|fctfama mjbiq v aftjfiv armiqb Jmidf``m, N) '?;;

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>? NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

Lfnrm 4) Qrmqmjfbiqc ab {rmabrm imqrm`)

Qmo`m F) [rafamt ab tb`c jbafamt bi dmj{c {mrm `ct qrbtqrmqmjfbiqct bi M`qc @cfdm)

Jmrqibx, _) '?;;1&) Jm{m abrbdcicdfjfbiqc ab tb`ct ab m \FFF_bnfi ab` Ofc*Ofc 'tbdqcrtr&)Qbtft ab nrmac) Tmiqfmnc,Dgf`b5 Rif|brtfama ab Dgf`b)=1> {)

[`m, F) '=664&) Abnrmamdfi ab tb`ct vttqbiqmof`fama ab `ct tftqbjmtmnrdc`mt) Jbjcrfmt ab `m Tbniam_bi fi O fbim ` ab ` m _ba

@mqficmjbrfdmim ab @mormixmDcitbr|mdfciftqm) Nmimrb [crqnbtm) {{) =? {)

O) C`f|mrbt, A) @coc

Icqm8 '@ct amqct ab {rafamt ab tb`cdcrrbt{ciabi m ct qrmqmjfbiqct b|m`mact bi mxcim ab btqafc, tjfiftqrmact {cr \mrnmt,?;;=&)

Lfnrm 1) Lrbdbidfm mdj` mam '"&{mrm `ct qrbt qrmqmjfbiqct b|m`mact)

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\c`marmt

JBQCAC@CNM AB MI@FTFT N_MIR@CJQ_FDC RQF@FXMIAC B@ TCLQ^M_BFJMNBH BI @MT \C@MAR_MT BHBDRQMAMT BI B@ DRMA_F@QB_C

LB__LB_C TMI FTFA_C, JFIM M@QMJF_M V [_CVBDQC BJ[_BTM OTFDMTFAB__NFDM IMDFCIM@, DFRAMA [FM_, BTQMAC OC@\M_

JBQGCAC@CNV LC_ N_MFI TFXB MIM@VTFT RTFIN FJMNBH TCLQ^M_B FI BWBDRQBA O@MTQMQ QGB TMI FTFA_C LB__FLB_CRT ]RMA_F@MQB_M@, M@QMJF_M JFIB, MIA OMTFD

BIQB_[_FTB TFAB__NFDM IMDFCIM@ [_CHBDQ)DFRAMA [FM_, OC@\M_ TQMQB

\mibttm Obramvbt @{bx , Jfnb` Nf` , Hct Nrbncrfc Lrbfqbt= ? 4

_bdfofac8 ?>**=;)

_BTRJBIB` btqafc rbm`fxmac qfbib dcjc cohbqf|c aftbmr im jbqcac`cnm ab mi`ftft nrmi`cjqrfdc qf`fxmiac b` tclq~mrbFjmnbH bi `mt |c`marmt rbm`fxmamt bi b` Dmarf`qbrc Lbrrlbrc Tmi Ftfarc 'DLTF&, Jfim M`qmjfrm v [rcvbdqcBj{rbtm Otfdm Tfabrrnfdm Imdfcim` 'BOTI&) [mrm m`dmixmr btqb cohbqf|c, b` btqafc tb fifdfm dci i jbtqrbc

lcqcnrlfdc, bi b` }b tb tmrci b}f{ct dcjc, i hm`i ab =,1; j ab cinfqa qf`fxmac dcjc rblbrbidfm ab btdm`m vim djmrm lcqcnrlfdm Tmjtin ab 7,= jbnm {wb`bt) Coqbifam btqm filcrjmdfi, tb {rcdbab m rbm`fxmr b` mi`ftftab fjmnbi dci FjmnbH, qf`fxmiac `m lrj`m ab `m b`f{tb) Tbnfamjbiqb tb {rcdbab m mhtqmr b` qmjmc ?A m 4Aqf`fxmiac im bdmdfi ab {cqbidfm dci |mrfmo`b lbrbq, abofac m `m qbiabidfm }b {rbtbiqm `m bdmdfi m tbr{ctfqf|m v {cr mrrchmr rbt`qmact tbjbhmiqbt m ct ab` mi`ftft |ftm` blbdqmac bi dmj{c) [cr `qfjc, tb rbm`fx b`mhtqb ab ct lfict v `m dm`formdfi ab` jcab`c Ex*_mj) @ct rbt`qmact bi qmjmc jbafc |mrmi biqrb ?,21 dj v

?>,=? dj) Biqrb b` mi`ftft nrmi`cjqrfdc v b` mi`ftft ab fjmnbi bwftqb im |mrfmixm {rcjbafc ab ;,14 jj {mrm b`?'DLTF& v ;,6? jj {mrm b` 'BOTI&, c }b tfniflfdm }b ic gmv |mrfmdfcibt tfniflfdmqf|mt biqrb ct rbt`qmact) Dci

btqb aftbc v `m fj{`bjbiqmdfi ab` tclq~mrbFjmnbH, tb abhm im gbrrmjfbiqm qdifdm }b `b {brjfqfr m `mbj{rbtm b|m`mr m lrmnjbiqmdfi ab mt |c`marmt, jmwfjfxmiac b` abtbj{bc ab ct {rcdbtct {ctqbrfcrbt)[m`mormt d`m|b8Mi`ftft ab fjmnbi, mi`ftft nrmi`cjqrfdc, FjmnbH, jbtqrbc lcqcnrlfdc, |c`marm)

MOTQ_MDQQgb tqav mfjt qc abtfni m jbqgcac`cnv lcr tfxb mim`vtft tfin qgb FjmnbH tclq~mrb fi qgb o`mqt dmrrfba cq fi qgbTmi Ftfarc Lbrrct ]marf`mqbrm` 'DLTF&, Jfim M`qmjfrm mia Imqfcim` Tqbb` Omtfd Dcj{miv [rchbdq 'BOTI&) Qcmdgfb|b qgft cohbdqf|b, qgb tqav obnfit ~fqg m {gcqcnrm{gfd tmj{`b, fi ~gfdg fq ~mt tba b}f{jbiqt feb m rca cl=,1; j fi `binqg tba mt m rblbrbidb lcr tdm`b mia m Tmjtin dmjbrm cl 7,= jbnm {fwb`t) Coqmfiba qgftfilcrjmqfci, ~b {rcdbba qc {brlcrj qgb FjmnbH fjmnb mim`vtft, tfin qgb b``f{tb lcrj`m, mlqbr fq ~mt {rcdbbaba qcmahtq qgb tfxb ?A qc 4A tfin m {c~br b}mqfci ~fqg |mrfmo`b Lbrbq, ab qc qgb qbiabidv cl qgb b}mqfci qc ob{ctfqf|b mia vfb`a rbt`qt tfjf`mr qc qgctb cl |ftm` mim`vtft dmrrfba cq fi qgb lfb`a) Lfim``v fq ~mt jmab mi mahtqjbiqcl lfibt mia dm`formqfci cl Ex*_mj jcab`) Qgb rbt`qt fi m|brmnb tfxb rminfin lrcj ?,21 dj mia >,=? dj) Obq~bbi

? ?qgb tfb|b mim`vtft mia fjmnb mim`vtft qgbrb ft mi m|brmnb |mrfmidb cl ;,14 jj lcr qgb 'DLTF& mia ;,6? jj lcr qgb'BOTI& ~gfdg jbmit qgmq qgbrb mrb ic tfniflfdmiq |mrfmqfcit mjcin rbt`qt) fqg qgft abtfni mia fj{`bjbiqmqfci clFjmnbH tclq~mrb, fq bm|bt m qbdgifdm` qcc` qgmq ~f`` m``c~ qgb dcj{miv qc b|m`mqb qgb lrmnjbiqmqfci cl qgb o`mtq,jmwfjfxfin qgb {brlcrjmidb cl totb}biq {rcdbttbt)

Ebv ~crat8 o`mtq, fjmnb mim`vtft, fjmnbH, {mrqfd`b tfxb mim`vtft, {gcqc tmj{`fin)

=FinJfi) @forb bhbrdfdfc) b*jmf`8 obramvbt|mibKgcqjmf`)dcj? F i n J f i ) [ r c l b t c r F i t q r d q c r R A C ) b * j m f ` 8jfnb`nc21Kvmgcc)bt4FinJfi) D)\)N Lbrrcjfibrm Crficdc, D) M) b*jmf`8

hctbnlKlbrrcjfibrm)dcj

NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=; >4

FIQ_CARDDFI@m jbafdfi tftqbjqfdm ab `m lrmnjbiqmdfi bt i{rcdbtc }b ic tb qf`fxm bi jdgmt jfimt, v nrmi{mrqb ab `mt }b `c qf`fxmi ic dbiqmi dci im

jbqcac`cnm mabdmam ab dm{qrm ab lcqcnrmlmt v{rcdbtmjfbiqc ab mt jftjmt)@mt gbrrmjfbiqmt jt qf`fxmamt dcjc {rfjbrfiafdmacr ab wfqc ab im |c`marm tci8 m jbafdfi ablrmnjbiqmdfi {cr jbafc ab tclq~mrbtbt{bdfm`fxmactab fjnbibt afnfqm`bt v m {rbafddfi ab `m aftqrfodfinrmi`cjqrfdm {cr jbafc ab jcab`ct jmqbjqfdctmhtqmact dci amqct rbm`bt v n`com`bt ab dmam|c`marm v jmdfxc rcdctc)@ct r{fact m|midbt bi `m qbdic`cnm gmi {brjfqfacdrbmr im tbrfb ab gbrrmjfbiqmt dci `m lfim`fama abdciqrc`mr blbdqf|mjbiqb b` nrmac ab lrmnjbiqmdfi ab

`m rcdm |c`mam jbafmiqb b` tc ab bw{`ctf|ct,jbhcrmiac mt b` dciqrc` ab `ct dctqct mtcdfmact'bwdm|mdfi, mdmrrbc, jc`fbiam&)B` btqafc qfbib b` cohbqf|c, aftbmr im

jbqcac`cnm ab mi`ftft nrmi`cjqrfdc qf`fxmiacb` tclq~mrbFjmnbH bi `mt |c`marmt bhbdqmamt bib` Dmarf`qbrc Lbrrlbrc Tmi Ftfarc, Jfim M`qmjfrm v[rcvbdqc Bj{rbtm Otfdm Tfabrrnfdm Imdfcim`,Dfama [fmr, btqmac Oc`|mr, {btqc }b ic bwftqbifinim jbqcac`cnm if gbrrmjfbiqm qdifdm jt}b `m |ftm` }b `bt {brjfqm jbafr `mlrmnjbiqmdfi)

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JBQCAC@CNM@m jbqcac`cnm tb fifdfm dci ijbtqrbc lcqcnrlfdc 'Crfdm,=66>&, bj{`bmiac fitqrjbiqctdcjc i hm`i ab =,1; j ab`cinfqa qf`fxmac dcjc rblbrbidfmab btdm `m v im djmrmlcqcnrlfdm Tmjtin ab 7,= jbnm{wb`bt) @m jftjm dcitftqf bilcqcnrmlfmr `m {f`m ab rcdm |c`mambi |mrfct dcrqbt dci b` lfi b|fqmrtbtnct bi `ct rbt`qmact) Tbqcjmrci m{rcwfjmamjbiqb =;lcqcnrmlmt {cr dmam dcrqbt f n f b i a c i c r a b i vabt{`mxiactb gcrfxciqm`jbiqbgmtqm dorfr qcam `m {mrba ab `m{f`m) Rim |bx rbm`fxmac btqc, tb{rcdbab m mim`fxmr `mt fjnbibtdci b` tclq~mrb FjmnbH, lfnrm =,t q b bt i { rcn rmjm ab{rcdbtmjfbiqc ab fjnbibt

omtmac bi Hm|m }b lbabtmrrc``mac crfnfim`jbiqb {cr^mvib _mtomia ab` FitqfqqcImdfcim` ab Tm`a 'JFQ, ?;;6&,{mrm dm`d`mr b` qmjmc ab `m rcdmlrmnjbiqmam {rcadqc ab `m|c`marm {mrm mt {cabr jbafr `mlrmnjbiqmdfi v jbhcrmr b` dciqrc`ab ct dctqct mtcdfmact)Tbnfamjbiqb tb blbdqm imi`ftft nrmi`cjqrfdc {crqmjfxmac, lfnrmt ?, 4, 1 v 2 {mrmdcicdbr b` qmjmc 4A ab `mtjbtqrmt 'Cqm`, ?;;7&, 'dctqrmt

`fjciqfdmt, gbjmqqfdmt v lfict& mrrchmrm `m jbhcr dcrrb`mdfi b ` q m j m c j b a f c a bqcjmamt bi b` Dmarf`qbrc{ctfo`b) [ctqbrfcrjbiqb tb rbm`fxm lrmnjbiqmdfi&, qmo`m FFF) B`Lbrrlbrc Tmi Ftfarc v mt jbtqrmti mhtqb v btqfjmdfi ab `ct lfict icjorb ab Ex_mj bt imab 'nibft dmrxc lb`abt{qfdcdm`d`miac b` {crdbiqmhb ab lfict, morb|fmqrm ab `ct act {rfidf{m`bt{cqtfdc& qcjmamt bi b` {rcvbdqcab nrbtct, b` ijbrc ab dciqrfovbiqbt m `mt bdmdfcibtBj{rbtm Otfdm Tfabrrnfdm{mrqd`mt m mmafr v m dmiqfama ab }b lcrjmi `m omtb ab` jcab`c8Imdfcim`, dci `m lfim`fama ab{mrqd`mt }b tb abobi mmafr ab Exibqtc| v _ctfi _mjj`brrb`mdfcimr b` qmjmc coqbifac dciaflbrbiqbt nrmi`cjbqrmt) @m '@{bx, ?;;;&)tqb mi`ftft v b` dcitbnfac dci b`nrmi`cjbqrm ab `mt {mrqd`mt m` Qmjmc jbafc8 Qmjmc {cr b` dm`mi`ftft ab fjmnbi jbafmiqb b`fnm` }b `m dmiqfama ab dmam ic {mtm b` 2;" ab ct lrmnjbiqct abt c l q ~ m r b F j m n b H , vab `ct aflbrbiqbt qmjmct }b tb rcdm 'W &82;{ctqbrfcrjbiqb, {cabr rbm`fxmr b`|mi m mmafr, tb qcjmrci ab `ctmhtqb ab lfict)amqct coqbifact bi `ct rbt`qmact[mrm mhtqmr b` qmjmc bi actab ct bitmvct {cr qmjfxmac)afjbitfcibt coqbifac dci FjmnbH [cr ` q fjc, tb blbdqm `mv b` qmjmc bi qbrdbrm afjbitfidcj{mrmdfi ab qmjmct biqrb b`coqbifac dci b` qmjfxmac, qmo`m F)M,mi`ftft nrmi`cjqrfdc v b` Aciab8F)O, tb gfdfbrci |mrfmt {rbomtmi`ftft ab fjmnbi {mrm dcicdbr m W 8 Qmjmc jbafc ab` lrmnjbiqcd c j o f i m i a c ` c t q m j m c t 2;|mrfmixm }b bwftqb biqrb mjoct M8 Lmdqcr ab rcdmjw fjct, ji fjct, lb rb qt jqcact, qmo`m FF, v `m {rbafddfi \c8 \c`jbi ab rcdm }bormac {cr'`cinfqa jwfjm ab im {mrqd`m&ab `m nrmi`cjbqrm dci b` jcab`c gbdcv `mt rbmt dm`d`mamt dci b`E x * _ m j ' o m t m a c b i ] 8 Jmtm rbm` ab bw{`ctf|c tmactc l q~mrb {rcadqc ab `mt b{o`fdmdfcibt rtmt miqfnmt }b bi dmam {cxclcqcnrmlmt qcjmamt ab dmam qmjfxabtmrrc``mrci im rb`mdfi tfj{`b B8 [cqbidfm bi {btc rb`mqf|c ab`{mrm bidciqrmr im bdmdfi }bbiqrb ct {mrjbqrct ab |c`marm v

\) Obramvbt, J) Nf`, H) Lrbfqbt

>1 NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

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bw{`ctf|c 'Milc:=;;"&'==2#B&8 Mhtqb {mrm `m {cqbidfmbi {btc rb`mqf|c ab` QIQ rbt{bdqcm` Milc

iafdb ab iflcrjfama i8 btqrb`mdfcimac dci `ct {mrjbqrctnbcjqrfdct ab m |c`marm8

Aciab8i8 iafdb ab iflcrjfamaO8 @ibm ab jbicr rbtftqbidfm crbqfrc 'j&T8 Bt{mdfmjfbiqc 'j&a8 Afjbqrc ab` gbdc 'jj&^8 Abt|fmdfi btqiamr ab `mbwmdqfqa ab {brlcrmdfi 'j&@DL8 @cinfqa ab dmrnm ab lciac'j&@DD8 @cinfqa ab dmrnm abdc`jim 'j&@ 8 @cinfqa ab dmrnm qcqm 'j&qG8 M`qrm ab` omidc 'j&

_BTR@QMACT@mt bdmdfcibt coqbifamt {mrmrbm`fxmr `ct mhtqbt ab qmjmcttci8=& [rcvbdqc Bj{rbtm OtfdmTfabrrnfdm Imdfcim`

_4A : ;,7;476?>= ( 'lbrbq&;,7;;1

?& Dmarf`qbrc Lbrrlbrc TmiFtfarc v Jfim M`qmjfrm_4A : ;,276144?4;7=6=117;;=?>;>='lbrbq& dci imdcrrb`mdfi ab ;,67?

AFTDRTFI AB _BTR@QMACTMi`ftft ab fjmnbi dci b`tclq~mrbFjmnbH[mrm rbm`fxmr `ct gftqcnrmjmt, tbqcjmrci `ct amqct ab` qmjmc biqrbt afjbitfcibt 'dm`d`mac dci

NBCJFIMT, mnctqc ?;=; >2

Jbqcac`cnm ab mi`ftft nrmi`cjqrfdc qf`fxmiac b` )))

;

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1;

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Qmo`m F) Mhtqb ab` qmjmc ?A m 4A8 'M& Dmarf`qbrc Lbrrlbrc Tmi Ftfarc'O& [rcvbdqc bj{rbtm Otfdm Tfabrrnfdm Imdfcim`)

Qmo`m FF Dcj{mrmdfi ab qmjmct biqrb b` mi`ftft nrmi`cjqrfdcv b` mi`ftft ab fjmnbi)

\) Obramvbt, J) Nf`, H) Lrbfqbt

>< NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

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qcjmam bi `m Tfabrrnfdm 'lfnrm 1& q|fbrci bi qcqm` ab tqb dci m m{`fdmdfi ab m bdmdfi {cqbidfm`, b`i {btc ab == {mrm `m tfabrrnfdm, `c }babqbrjfimdfi)tfniflfdm }b ic gmv |mrfmdfcibt tfniflfdmqf|mt biqrbDcj{mrmdfi ab qmjmct biqrb b` mi`ftft`ct rbt`qmact ab` mi`ftft nrmi`cjqrfdc {cr jbafcnrmi`cjqrfdc v b` mi`ftft ab fjmnbi)ab` qmjfxmac v b` mi`ftft ab fjmnbi dci b` tclq~mrb@ct rbt`qmact bi qmjmc biqrb b` mi`ftftFjmnbH)nrmi`cjqrfdc v b` mi`ftft ab fjmnbi jbafmiqb b`

tclq~mrb FjmnbH dcjc tb jbtqrm bi `m qmo`m FF,? _BLB_BIDFMTqfbibi im |mrfmixm {rcjbafc ab ;,14 jj {mrm b`? Fitqfqqc Qbdic`nfdc ab Jmttmdgtbqqt 'JFQ&,Dmarf`qbrc Lbrrlbrc Tmi Ftfarc v ;,6? jj {mrm b`

'?;;6&)Fjmnbh) =4 ab Tb{qfbjorb, ?;;6){rcvbdqc ab Bj{rbtm Otfdm Tfabrrnfdm Imdfcim`5@{bx I, B) '?;;;&) Qrcimarm, {rfjbrm bqm{m abdci im dcrrb`mdfi ab ;,67 {mrm b` Dmarf`qbrc v

dcijfidfi) Rif|brtfama ab Mqmdmjm, Dgf`b);,6> {mrm m Tfabrrnfdm)qjCrfdm) '=66>&) Qmefin {gcqcnrm{gt lcr {c~brtfb|b[rbafddfi ab m nrmi`cjbqrm)

lrmnjbiqmqfci mim`vtft) Mtqrm`fm)Bi `m 'qmo`m FFF& tb jbtqrm b` lmdqcr ab mhtqb, bi b` Cqm` T, Hb`fi A, Tdg`bflbr H) '?;;7&) M ib~ jbqgca}b tb mhtqm b` jcab`c jmqbjqfdc 'Ex*_mj& dcilcr btqfjmqfin qgb 4a tfxb*aftqrfoqfci*dr|b clb` jcab`c rbm` 'FjmnbH&) _bm`fxmiac `m dm`formdfilrmnjbiqba rcdet cq cl ?a fjmnbt)Lrmidfm)ab` jcab`c Ex* _mj v dcj{mrmiac ct rbt`qmact

Jbqcac`cnm ab mi`ftft nrmi`cjqrfdc qf`fxmiac b` )))

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BI

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>7 NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

E btgm|mb` nrmi mjfnc

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T bm` ab` [brbnrfic

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M li ab |fam mtqbrm)

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4*=*=61;?2*>*?;=;

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Ar) E btgm|m O gmq[marb ab` Imqrftjc Qrc{fdm`

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Gfarcnbc`cnm

BTQRAFC AB @MT LC_JMT JMD_CTDC[FDMT AB@ _B@FB\B AB LCIAC AB@ _C C_FICDC BI B@TBDQC_ NRMTFIM, AB@QM MJMDR_C) \BIBXRB@M

TQRAV CL JMD_CTDC[FD LC_JT CL C_FICDC _F\B_ OCQQCJ _B@FBL MQ NRMTFIM TBDQC_, AB@QM MJMDR_C)\BIBXRB@M

4Amvtf H) Dmtqrc , Ab`jm B) Nrbll , Amlift H) Bdgb|brrm= ?

_bdfofac8 =

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bi b qmjmc ab ciamdfcibt m aimt)[cr bhbj{c, dmiac tb nrmlfdm m cinfqaab m lcrjm ab bdgc dciqrm t mqrm, qmiqc{mrm mt ciamdfcibt dcjc {mrm mtaimt, tb cotbr|m }b tqmt tb rbmdfcimitfnfbiac im jftjm qbiabidfm fibm,{brc bwftqb i }fborb aftqfiqf|c biqrb ctdmj{ct ablfifact {cr dmam im ab tqmt'lfnrm 2&) Btqb }fborb fiafdm }b mtlcrjmt ab `bdgc mtfjqrfdmt dcicinfqabt v mqrmt bi b rminc ab }fborbbtqi, bi nrmi jbafam, mtbiqbt bi mimqrmbxm) @mt aimt ofafjbitfcimbt'?A&, tb abtmrrc`mi omhc lbrxmt ab lhcfilbrfcrbt m mt }b lcrjmi m mt aimt 4A)Qfbiabi m tbr rbmqf|mjbiqb jt mrnmt vomhmt v ab drbtqm rbdqm, m tcdm|mdfi bi b`dmim ic btq ofbi abtmrrc`mam v m dmrmab tcqm|biqc lcrjm, jt ofbi, imt{brlfdfb rbdqm c {mim) M |bcdfamabt ablhc t{brfcrbt, `mt aimt ?A tci

=;; j5 v tt mqrmt |mi abtab i {cdc rbbj{mxmamt {cr aimt qrfafjbitfcimbt?;;2&)jt ab ;,;>2 j gmtqm jt m` ab ct 2 j) }b |ftqmt bi {miqm, m lcrjm ab btqmt@mt aflbrbiqbt lcrjmt ab lciac }b tb amiTfi bjomrnc, mt aimt {mrbdbi tbr aimt |mrmi ab tfictmt m imamt, bitcorb i bdgc j|f ab tbafjbiqc tb ab*lcrjmt ab` `bdgc aftqfiqf|mjbiqb nbibrm, tci jt dcrqmt v jt mqmt, abtmrrc mi m jbafam }b mjbiqm m lbrxmaflbrbiqbt, v ic bwftqb i dciqfij dmrc drbtqm jt rbadfam v m dmrm ab tcqm|biqcab lhc) Btqc tb dcicdb dcjc tbdbidfm

ab lcrjmt ab bdgc v abicqm b abtmrrc`cgf{cqqfdc tbdbidfm ab btqmt lcrjmt,mabjt, {rc{crdfcim im omtb {mrm mm{rbdfmdfi dmfqmqf|m ab m lbrxm rbmqf|mab lhc ibdbtmrfm {mrm }b btqmt tb lcr*jbi) @m lfnrm 4 ftqrm bt}bjqfdmjbi*qb, m |mrfbama ab lcrjmt ab jmibrm tb*dbidfm, m jbafam }b mjbiqm m lbrxmab l hc)@bdgc {mic filbrfcr8 tcorb bdgct abmrbim rbmqf|mjbiqb nrbtm, htqc dmiacm lbrxm ab lhc t{brm b jfqb rb}brfac{mrm }b b tbafjbiqc tb jb|m, m {rf*jbrm dcilfnrmdfi ab lciac bi lcrjmrtbqbiar im t{brlfdfb {mim)Ciamdfcibt8 tcorb bdgct ab tbafjbiqcjt lfic }b ;,> jj v htqc dmiac m dc*rrfbiqb bwdbab m lbrxm ab lhc rb}brfam{mrm }b b tbafjbiqc tb jb|m, b bdgctb jcabmr bi im tbrfb ab {b}bmt vmtfjqrfdmt lcrjmt dcicdfamt dcjc ci*amdfi) \mrmi bi cinfqa, abtab m*{rcwfjmamjbiqb ;,;2 j gmtqm dbrdm ab;,< j, v bi mqrm, abtab ;,;;2 j gmtqm i{cdc jbict ab ;,;2 j) 'Dgbb, ?;;2&)\ftqmt bi {miqm tci m`qmjbiqb |mrfmobt,{cr c }b tb gm abtmrrc`mac im qbrjf*iccnm {mrm abtdrfofr mt aftqfiqmt lcrjmt}b mac{qmi 'lfnrm 1&) @mt {rfjbrmt ci*

amdfcibt }b tb lcrjmi dmiac b tb*afjbiqc tb jb|b tcorb i bdgc tci abdrbtqm rbdqm 'ofafjbitfcimbt&, {brc t*qmt ic {mrbdbi tbr imt lcrjmt ab bdgcbtqmob {cr c }b b|cdfcimi r{fam*jbiqb gmdfm lcrjmt dci drbtqmt frrbn*mrbt 'qrfafjbitfcimbt&)Aimt8 tci mt tfnfbiqbt lcrjmt ab b*dgc }b tb abtmrrc mi dci b fidrbjbiqcbi m lbrxm ab lhc, jt m` ab jfqbt{brfcr ab mt ciamdfcibt) Tt cinf*qabt ab ciam |mrmi abtab i {cdc jtab ;,>2 j gmtqm |mcrbt t{brfcrbt m ct

A) Dmtqrc, A) Nrbll, A) Bdgb|brrm

7; NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

Lfnrm =) Rofdmdfi ab` rbm ab btqa fc)

Lfnrm ?) Qrjfict tmact {mrm abtdrfofr `mt lc rjmt ab` `bdgcmtfjqrfdmt v tfjqrfdmt crfnfimamt omhc i l`hc ifafrbddfcim`)

Lfnrm 4) Tbdbidfm ab lcrjmt ab lciac }b tb abtmrrc``mi omhcdciafdfcibt ab rnfjbi ab l`hc filbrfcr v rnfjbi ab l`hc t{brfcr)

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}b {rbtbiqm i inc ab rb{ctc jdgcjbicr)

JBQCAC@CNM@m fi|btqfnmdfi bt ab qf{c m{fdmam v abt*drf{qf|m, amac }b otdm dmrmdqbrfxmr mtlcrjmt qc{cnrlfdmt ab lciac }b tb crf*nfimi tcorb b bdgc ab rfc Crficdc bi b`tbdqcr Nmtfim, dci m lfimfama ab btqmob*dbr, m btdmm jmdrc#jbtctdc{fdm, mt bt*

qrdqrmt ab lciac v b dcj{crqmjfbiqc abtqmt, mt dcjc qmjofi, otdm dcicdf*jfbiqct dci lfibt ab m{fdmdfi fijbafmqmm m rbmfama nbcnfdm ab tbdqcr) Tb qffxm omtb dmrqcnrlfdm ab tbdqcr dcilcrjmam{cr ct b|miqmjfbiqct omqfjqrfdct rbm*fxmact bi b mc ?;;=, fabiqflfdmact dcjcgchmt dmrqcnrlfdmt CCAO21=1,CCAO212?, CCAO212= v CCAO212;,rbmfxmact b ?> ab hfc, =1 ab tb{qfbjorb,=< ab tb{qfbjorb v => ab tb{qfbjorb, rbt*{bdqf|mjbiqb) @ct btqafct rbmfxmactdcj{rbiabi8 m& m dmrmdqbrfxmdfi omqfj*qrfdm, m dm tb rbmfx jbafmiqb m bmoc*rmdfi ab jm{mt ab ftomqmt {mrm abqbrjf*

imr mt xcimt ab jmvcr {rcliafama v mtxcimt ab rfbtnc {mrm m c{brmqf|fama ab`tbdqcr v, o& m dmrmdqbrfxmdfi jcrlcnfdm,}b dcitftqf bi m bmocrmdfi jm{mt ablcrjmt ab rbfb|b, ct dmbt jctqrmrci maft{ctfdfi rbm ab mt btqrdqrmt tbaf*jbiqmrfmt ab lciac v mt tbddfcibt cinfq*afimbt, tqmt, jctqrmrci m {rbtbidfm ablcrjmt ab lciac dci dmrmdqbrtqfdmt ab mtaimt v {brjfqfbrci b ddc ab ct {mr*jbqrct jcrlcjqrfdct ab afdgmt btqrdq*rmt {mrm, lfim`jbiqb, dmrmdqbrfxmr mt tbnim jbqcaccnm ab Mtgbv)

_BTR@QMACT

@mt lfnrmt , 7 v 6 jbtqrmi ct jm{mtab ftcomqmt ab tbdqcr, dcilcrjmact {cr{iqct }b ibi ibmt ab fnm {rcli*afama, dcrrbt{ciafbiqbt m dmam im ab mtgchmt dmrqcnrlfdmt bj{bmamt) Abofac m}b b qrmxmac ab dmim tfnb ab dbrdm, ab

NBCJFIMT, mnctqc ?;=; 7=

Btqafc ab `mt lcrjmt jmdrctd{fdmt ab` rb`fb|b ab` lciac )))

jmibrm nbibrm, m jmrnbi abrbdgm ab rfc, bt k{rbdftmjbiqb, gmdfm btqb mac aciab tb bidciqrmrci mt jmvcrbt {rcliafamabt ab*ofac m m xcim ab armnmac) Tfi bjomrnc, m c mrnc ab qrmxmac {rblbrbidfm ab m dmimfxmdfi 'ibmt {iqbmamt& b dciqrmtqb ab{rcliafamabt, {mrm qcac b tbdqcr, rbtmq bi mt xcimt dci rbfb|b {ctfqf|c, mt dmbt rb{rbtbiqmi xcimt ab rfbtnc {mrm m c{b*rmqf|fama abiqrc tbdqcr 'dc`cr mjmrf c m rchc&) @m aft{ctfdfi ab omidct ab jmqbrfm tbafjbiqmrfc 'mrbim&, }b cotqmdfxmi b dmim vrbadbi m {rcliafama aft{cifob 'jifjm8 =; j, 4? {fbt IMO, bi {cdm ab |brmic v jwfjm8 =4 j, 1? {fbt IMO, bi {cdm abfi|fbric tbni b Fitqfqqc Imdfcim ab Dmimfxmdfcibt, =662& {mrm b qritfqc ab o}bt ab nrmi dmmac m qrm|t ab btqm |m, gmdbibdbtmrfc b armnmac ab btqb jmqbrfm {mrm jmiqbibr c{brmqf|c btqb qrmjc ab tbdqcr {mrm b tfnfbiqb {brcac btqmdfcim)@m lfnrm =; jbtqrm mt lcrjmt *ab nrmi btdmm* ab rbfb|b, cotbr|mamt bi qcac b tbdqcr btqafmac {mrm b jcjbiqc ab b*|miqmjfbiqc) @ct {mqrcibt jcrlcnfdct cotbr|mact ablfibi i dmj{c ab nbclcrjmt dmrmdqbrtqfdmt ab m tbdbidfm ab bdgc abrnfjbi ab lhc filbrfcr crfnfimamt omhc i lhc ifafrbddfcim) @m rbtcdfi ab b|miqmjfbiqc {tc ab jmiflfbtqc }b btqmt lcrjmt

ab lciac tci ab nrmiabt afjbitfcibt, tb bidbiqrmi ofbi abtmrrc mamt v dcrrbt{ciabi, jt {rbdftmjbiqb, m aimt tomdctmt)Tbni tb |b bi {miqm, btqb dmj{c ab aimt btq dmrmdqbrfxmac qmiqc {cr aimt ?A, ab drbtqm rbdqm v bi jbicr dmiqfama, dcjc {craimt 4A ab drbtqm tfictm, gmdfm b tbdqcr icrcbtqb 'jmvcrbt {rcliafamabt&, }b b|cdfcimi m lcrjmt ab jbafm im c imamt,gmdfm b tbdqcr trbtqb) Tbni t lcrjm v dcj{crqmjfbiqc m qrm|t ab qfbj{c, tb fiqbr{rbq }b btqmt lcrjmt ab bdgc tci |mrfmobt'ic btqmdfcimrfmt& abofac m rnfjbi ab l hc ab rc)@mt lfnrmt ==, =?, =4 v =1 dcrrbt{ciabi m mt tbddfcibt cinfqafimbt b|miqmamt m c mrnc ab qrmjc btqafmac ab dmim ab im|b*nmdfi ab rc Crficdc) tqmt tb aft{tfbrci {br{biafdmrbt m rjoc ab mt btqrdqrmt 'bi m afrbddfi ab l hc& v tb fabiqflfdmrcidci b icjorb ab m gchm dmrqcnrlfdm tbnfac ab ijbrc ab m tbddfi '{cr bhbj{c, gchm dmrqcnrlfdm*@=*@=.&) Jbafmiqb btqct{brlfbt, mt |mrfmdfcibt ab mt dmrmdqbrtqfdmt ab mt aimt dci rbt{bdqc m m {rcliafama tb m{rbdfmrci jbhcr) @mt tbddfcibtjbtqrmi m nbcjbqrm mtfjqrfdm dmrmdqbrtqfdm ab mt aimt v {brjfqbi coqbibr ct {mrjbqrct jcrlcjqrfdct ab mt jftjmt) Biqrbct {mrjbqrct jcrlcjqrfdct bidciqrmact bi btqb dmj{c ab aimt lfnrmomi8 cinfqa jbafm ab m aim, mqrm jbafm ab m aim,{biafbiqb, iafdb ab ciamdfi ab m aim 'q{fdc {mrm tbafjbiqct nrbtct&5 Tbni t lcrjm, mt aimt ?A tci jbict moiamiqbt}b mt aimt 4A) Btqmt qfjmt tb dmrmdqbrfxmomi {cr acjfimr b tbdqcr, tbr jv dcrqmt v mqmt, {rbtbiqmr drbtqmt omtqmiqb

Lfnrm 1) Qrjfict tmact {mrm abtdrfofr `mt lcrjmt ab` `bdgc

mtfjqrf dmt 'cia`mdfcibt v aimt&, |ftqmt bi {`miqm) 'Dgbb`, ?;;2&)

Lfnrm 2) Dmj{ct ab cia `mdfcibt v aimt 'rbmt tcjorbmamt&ablfifact m {mrqfr ab amqct ab dmj{c v ab `mocrmqcrfc tbni `m `cinfqa

'@& v `m m`qrm 'G& ab btqmt lcrjmt ab` `bdgc 'Dgbb`, ?;;25 Hbrc`jmde,Jcgrfn v JdB`rcv, ?;;

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7? NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

orb|b m{tc ab mnmt jcjbiqibmjbiqb jbafam }b m lbrxm ab l hc bw{brfjbiqmomhmt) @ct dmjofct bi m nbcjbqrm ab |bcdfamabt t{brfcrbt) Bi b btqafclciac ab i rfc |fbibi amact dci b rbmfxmac, ct jm{mt ftcoqfdct 'JF&fidrbjbiqc bi m lbrxm ab lhc jmt m` {tfbrci ab jmiflfbtqc }b `mtab {mic rbm, bt abdfr, dmiac i lhc, {rcliafamabt jwfjmt bi b tbdqcrbiqm b fidrbjbiqmjbiqb mjbiqm t Nmtfim tb cdm fxmi gmdfm m jmrnbi

|bcdfama m im {rcliafama dcitqmiqb, abrbdgm ab rc Crficdc, dcitb abtmrrc`mi tcorb b bdgc im nrmi {rcliafamabt ab mnm t{brfcrbt m ct|mrfbama ab btqrdqrmt ab lciac, ab ?1 j v omidct ab jmqbrfm tbafjbiqmrfcjmibrm tbdbidfm, mt dmbt dcjfbixmi ab{ctfqmact m c mrnc ab dmim }b {cr cdci ciamt jv omhmt v mtfjqrfdmt }b fibtqmob ab tt {biafbiqbt qbrjfimi{ctqbrfcrjbiqb tci rbbj{mxmamt {cr cotqrvbiac dciqfimjbiqb b dmim ablcrjmt ab jmvcr qmjmc v afjbitfi m im|bnmdfi bi b tbdqcr) @ct jm{mt ab

Lfnrmt , 7 v 6) Ftcomqmt ab `mt gchmt dmrqcnrlfdmt CCAO21=1, CCAO212?, CCAO212= v CCAO212; bi b`tbdqcr Nmtfim ab` dmim` ab im|bnmdfi ab` rfc Crficdc)

Lfnrm

Lfnrm 7Lfnrm 6

rbadfamt v qbibr {biafbiqbt ab tcqm|biqcaft{btqmt bi inc ab rb{ctc jdgcjbicr)@m lfnrm =2 jbtqrm `ct tbdqcrbtfi|btqfnmact {mrm fabiqflfdmr aimt tbnim jbqcaccnm {rc{btqm {cr Mtgbv) Tb

cotbr|m }b {mrm qcac b tbdqcr Nmtfimct {iqct tb bidbiqrmi abiqrc ab dmj{cab aimt dci cinfqabt ab ciam biqrb?;;*1;; j v mqrmt bi i rminc jdgcjt mj{fc, abtab jv omhmt '1; dj&gmtqm jv mqmt '1 j&) Btqb bt}bjm ic{brjfqb tb{mrmr aimt ?A ab aimt 4A)@ct {iqct lbrm ab dmj{c ab aimt tbfiqbr{rbqmrci dcjc }b mt tbddfcibt ictci `c jt rb{rbtbiqmqf|mt {mrmabqbrjfimr afdgct {mrjbqrctjcrlcjqrfdct, bt abdfr, }b ic dcrqmi{br{biafd`mrjbiqb m `mt btqrdqrmtjcrlcnfdmt) Tb cotbr|m }b mt lcrjmtab rbfb|b }b dmrmdqbrfxmi b lciac ab rc

Crficdc bi b tbdqcr Nmtfim btqidcilcrjmamt {cr aimt tomdctmt, abcinfqa v mqrm |mrfmob, v {biafbiqb biafdb ab ciamdfcibt jt c jbictdcitqmiqb)

DCID@RTFCIBTB` rc Crficdc qfbib i rnfjbijcicjcam) Btqc tfniflfdm }b qfbib itcc {brfcac ab drbdfam }b d`jfim m lfibtab hfc v im {cdm ab mnmt omhmt, }bdjfim m dcjfbixct ab morf) Qcac {mrbdbfiafdmr }b m {rfjbrm drbdfam m dcjfbixctab m {cdm ab `|fmt, |m tbnfam {cr i

Lfnrm =;) Lcrjmt ab` rb`fb|b cotbr|mamt bi b` tbdqcr Nmtfim ab`dmim` ab im|bnmdfi ab` rc Crficdc)

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NBCJFIMT, mnctqc ?;=; 74

lcrjmt ab rbfb|b 'JL_& jctqrmrci tbdbidfmt ab bdgc ab ab rc Crficdc bi m xcim btqafmam btq dcilcrjmac {cr irnfjbi ab lhc filbrfcr, crfnfimamt omhc i l hc ifafrbddfcim, omidc ab aimt) @m jcrlccnm nbibrmfxmam ab rbm bt abdci lcrjmt ab lciac ab nrmiabt afjbitfcibt, ofbi aimt ?A }b b|cdfcimi m aimt 4A v tb aftqrfovbiabtmrrc mamt, fiqbr{rbqmamt dcjc aimt tomdctmt) Biqrb mt nbibrmfxmamjbiqb tcorb b rbm btqafmam)aimt {rbacjfimi mt 4A ab drbtqm tfictm, dmrmdqbrtqfdmtt{brfj{btqmt ab afldf m{rbdfmdfi tbni m rbtcdfi ab` _BLB_BIDFMTb|miqmjfbiqc, obi abtmrrc`c, dci nrmi bw{rbtfi v bwqbitfi Dgbb, _) H) '?;;2&) Fiqrcadqfci qc D`mtqfd Tbafjbiqc`cnv)t{brlfdfm`, biqrb mt ftcomqmt

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71 NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

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Mjofbiqb

NBTQFI AB _FBTNCT AB ABTMTQ_BT RI B@BJBIQC LRIAMJBIQM@ BI B@ ABTM__C@@CTCTQBIFO@B, DMTC AB@ JRIFDF[FC MIQCIFC [FIQC TM@FIMT, BTQMAC J_FAM

AFTMTQB_ _FTE JMIMNBJBIQ M EBV LMDQC_ FI TRTQMFIMO@B AB\B@C[JBIQ, TQRAV DMTB8 MIQCIFC[FIQC TM@FIMT JRIFDF[M@FQV 'JB_FAM TQMQB&

Jmrm Ftmob` _chmt [c`midc=

_bdfofac8 =?*2*=;5 M{rcomac8 =6*

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mftmamt c dcviqrm`bt, tfic dcjc i miqb m cdrrbidfm ab b|biqct ab {rbdf{fqm* btq|c {rbtbiqb `m fil bidfm bi mqc nrmacdcj{cibiqb }b tb fiqbnrm gcrfxciqmjbiqb dfi fj{crqmiqbt, }b mimac m m dciafdfi ab lrmdqrm ab mt rcdmt v im tmqrmdfi abbi qcamt mt mdqf|famabt ab i qbrrfqcrfc8 bt ab omhmt {biafbiqbt bi b lciac ab |m` b, `ct qbrrbict, `c }b lmdffq b abtmrrc`c ab{mrqb ab {rcdbtc ab abtmrrc c v ab `m nbibrmi b abtocramjfbiqc ab rc {cifbiac im jv mdqf|m afijfdm rbmdfcimam dci.{`miflfdmdfi btqrmqnfdm ab jftjc) Tf tb bi rfbtnc qcamt `mt mdqf|famabt abtmrrc` m* /qcrrbiqbt ab abqrfqct/ dci abt{mxmjfbiqc}fbrb mdmixmr `m tctqbifof fama v b amt m c mrnc ab tt jrnbibt Mabjt, m ab nrmiabt |c`jbibt ab jmqbrfm`bt,abtmrrc` c mrjifdc ab i qbrrfqcrfc, `m fibtqmoffama ab `mt `mabrmt v b dcj{crqm* |fc`biqmjbiqb m{crqmact m rc Jcdcqbt)rbaddfi ab rfbtnc ab abtmtqrbt abob jfbiqc qcrrbidfm ab mt }bormamt bi Ab mdbrac m dflrmt clfdfm bt m{crqmamt {crfiqbnrmr mddfcibt abtqfimamt m fabiqflfdmr v jciqmmt, tb gm dcitfabrmac }b {afbtbi b crnmiftjc bidmrnmac ab {rcqbddfi df|f ,

rbadfr ct rfbtnct mdjmact m c mrnc ab nbibrmr b|biqct ab rb{rbtmjfbiqc {cr ct blbdqct tcdfmbt abhmact {cr btqbqfbj{c v, bi m jbafam ab c {ctfo`b, m b|fqmr cotqrddfi v abt|c ab dmdb, fidrbjbi* B|biqc, {babi dmqm`cnmrtb dcjc im nbibrmdfi ab ib|ct b|biqct, otdmiac qmiac ct rfbtnct ab drbdfamt bwdb{dfcimbt /abtmtqrb cdm/, ic qmiqc {cr b ijbrc abtc`dfcibt {brjmibiqbt m `mt dmtmt bi ct tbdqcrbt mnmt momhc) [cr cqrm {mrqb, |dqfjmt lmqm`bt, `mt dm`bt ic mdmixmrcibtqrdqrm`bt nbibrmacrmt ab rfbtnc v mt ab mdbrac m i btqafc rbmfxmac {cr im dflrm dcitfabrmo`b, tfic {cr m fidfabidfmdcjc qmjofi m `ct blbdqct ibnmqf|ct ab DC_[CMIABT '?;;< gmofqmiqbt, {rafamt bi b tbdqcr dcjbrdfc, mnrdcm v

bi b rbm, gm tfac btdbimrfc ab i abtmtqrb c }b rb{rbtbiqm b 4?)?6" ab qcqm ab m {bdmrfc)tcdfc*imqrm, fidfafbiac tcorb t abtmrrc c {comdfi }b dcilcrjm m dbidm ab rc Bt{bdlfdmjbiqb {mrm b jifdf{fc Miqcifctctqbifo`b, {mrqfd`mrjbiqb bi b jifdf{fc Jcdcqbt) [fiqc Tmfimt, tb rb{crqmrci8 ?)

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aflbrbiqbt mdqcrbt8 dcidbhm`bt, afrbdqf|ct ab m Mdm`am, {rcadqc* finbifbrm, qmiqc ab romiftjc dcjc ab filrmbtqrdqrm |fm bi btqbrbt mnrdcmt, dcjbrdfmiqbt, mjmt ab dmtm, btqafmiqbt v, jifdf{fc, fj{fdmrci dmjofct bi b {mqri ab rc, v tb gmi{ctqbrfcrjbiqb tb m{fd im bidbtqm dcjc im jbafam mdbrdm dci|brqfac bi bbjbiqct jmniflfdmacrbt ab ct blbdqct abtqrdqf*ab m mdqfqa ab mt {brtcimt gmdfm b rfbtnc }b dcrrbi dcjc {mrqb |ct)ab m lrbdbidfm dci }b cdrrbi ct b|biqct tb|brct, t rbt{btqm Drbdfjfbiqc mnrdc`m8 Bi m mdqmfama m bw{mitfi ab m lrciqbrmmiqb i abtmtqrb v {ctfob lmqm ab filcrjmdfi ab rfbtnc, tfnfbiac mnrdcm gm fac bi abqrfjbiqc ab m dcobrqrm |bnbqm {rc{fm ab`m jbqcac`cnm tfnfbiqb8 mnict tbdqcrbt ab jciqmm bi m dbidm ab rc Jcdcqbt) QmMi`ftft tcdfc*bdcijfdc tfqmdfi ic bt mhbim m m rbmfama bt{mdfm ab jifdf{fc MiqcifcB miftft tcdfcbdcijfdc tb liamjbiq bi m {rc{btqm [fiqc Tmfimt bi aciab m ibdbtfama ab mnict nr{ct gjmict

rbmfxmam {cr b [IRA '?;;1&, bi b dm tb rbmdfcim b abtmrrc`c v {cr drbmr ib|ct tbdqcrbt abtqfimact m m {rcaddfi mnrdcm gmict rfbtnct, omtmac bi act |mrfmo bt otfdmt8 m romifxmdfi v ct aftjfifac m dcobrqrm |bnbqm {rc{fm ab rbmt octdctmt, c dmjbafct ab totftqbidfm rrmbt) [mrm m romifxmdfi tb b|m b biqrb cqrmt dcitbdbidfmt ibnmqf|mt, rb{rbtbiqm {rafam abdrbdfjfbiqc {comdfcim v t bw{mitfi bi xcimt ab mqc rfbtnc v ofcaf|brtfama v brctfi ab tbc) [cr cqrm {mrqb, bi m dbidm abdcjc jbafct ab totftqbidfm rrm bt tb bwmjfi mt mdqf|famabt rc Jcdcqbt, m jbafmact ab m admam ab ct mct tbqbiqm, tbbdcijfdmt abtbidmabimiqbt ab dmjofct bdcnfdct v jbafcmj* fiqrcahbrci ab lcrjm jmtf|m ib|mt |mrfbamabt ab dml, }b tfofbiqm bt bi b rbm ab btqafc) [ctqbrfcrjbiqb tb dcitqrv im ofbi rbtqmi jt {rcadqf|mt, tt mrotqct tci tbjormactjmqrfx ab c{fifi dci m dcjifama bi dmiqc m m |ibrmof fama brribmjbiqb bi afrbddfi ab m {biafbiqb tfi qf fxmr mt qdifdmtltfdm, tcdfm v {cqfdm, miqb im mjbimxm gfarcjbqbcrcnfdm) ab dcitbr|mdfi ab tbct, {cr dcitfnfbiqb, tb nbibrm i jmvcr[brdb{dfi ab rfbtnct mrrmtqrb ab jmqbrfmbt v iqrfbiqbt }b lm|crbdbi b abt{mxmjfbiqcM lfi ab rbmfxmr i afmnitqfdc tcorb m {brdb{dfi ab rfbtnc bi m ab ct tbafjbiqct 'Mdfmqrf, ?;;7&) Mabjt, abtab b {iqc ab |ftqmxcim ab btqafc, tb m{fd im bidbtqm biqrb ct jbtbt ab jmvc bdcnfdc, bt dcitfabrmac jbict lm|crmob, {cr}b m{mrqb ab mv hifc ab ?;;7, m {mrqfr ab im jbtqrm {f cqc dcilcrjmam {cr =;; b|biqm dciqmjfimdfi ab tbct v mnmt, btqb qf{c ab mrotqctfiaf|fact) clrbdb im jbicr abitfama ab dcobrqrm |bnbqm 'dcj{mrmqf|mjbi*

@m tb`bddfi ab ct fiaf|fact ab m jbtqrm ic lb {rcomoftqfdm, qb m m }b {afbrm qbibr b dml omhc tcjorm& }b {rcqbnb m tbc{mrm b c tb qf fx m qdifdm dcicdfam dci b icjorb ab ocm ab ab aftqfiqct {rcdbtct brctf|ct)ifb|b, jbafmiqb m dm dmam {brtcim dciqmdqmam }b gmom |f|fac [cr cqrm {mrqb, b tbdqcr {bdmrfc, dmrmdqbrfxmac {cr qbibr im qrmnbafm v mabjt gm {mrqfdf{mac bi qm brbt ab lcrjmdfi tcorb tftqbjm ab {rcaddfi ab nmimabrm bwqbitf|m ab jmibrmjmibhc ab rfbtnc bi t dcjifama, lmdffq rblbrbidfmt {mrm mrqbtmim, qfbib i omhc nrmac ab bt{bdfmfxmdfi v bj{bcdciqmdqmr m cqrmt dci fnm`bt dmrmdqbrtqfdmt Mt jftjc `ct qbdicnfdc, crfbiqmac bi jmvcr jbafam m jbrdmac cdm)rbtqmact btqmatqfdct, lbrci birf}bdfact dci `ct rb`mqct ab ct @mjbiqmobjbiqb, lb fidrbjbiqmac bi b mc ?;;2 gmofqmiqbt#ej)3\brqfbiqbt ttdb{qfobt m jc|fjfbiqct ab jmtm)Btqb drbdfjfbiqc ab m {comdfi, tb jmiflfbtqm bi jmvcr jbafam bi3Dmjofct nbcjcrlcnfdct bi mt lbiqbt ab ct rct, abofac mb mjbiqc ab {brjbqrc romic ab m dm{fqm ab jifdf{fc8 Tmiqm

dcitqrddfi ab {rcvbdqct, qm bt dcjc dmrrbqbrmt, v cqrct)Drx ab Jcrm v cqrct dbiqrct {comact, bi afrbddfi trcbtqb, v im3Ablcrbtqmdfi {rcnrbtf|m bi mt dbidmt mqmt, {rcadqc abjmvcr fiqbr|bidfi gjmim gmdfm m |brqfbiqb fx}fbram ab m

ib|ct mtbiqmjfbiqct, bw{cqmdfi jmabrbrm, mnrdcm vdbidm ab rc Jcdcqbt){bdmrfm, bqd)Abtab b {iqc ab |ftqm ab abtmrrc`c romitqfdc, b jifdf{fc btq3Fiqbr|bidfi ab mt dbidmt mqmt)dciafdfcimac m tt dmrmdqbrtqfdmt nbcjcrlcnfdmt b gfarcnfdmt,3

Rofdmdfi ab dcjifamabt bi m xcim ab jmvcr mlbdqmdfi){cr c }b bi t drbdfjfbiqc, i ijbrc tfniflfdmqf|c ab m {co`mdfitb gm dcidbiqrmac tfi dciqrc , bi xcimt ab mqc rfbtnc, cd{miac3Abtbidbiqrct biqrb b if|b dbiqrm v b if|b `cdm tcorb `mtmt mabrmt v {fbt ab mabrmt, c rbmt fiiamobt v ab bb|mam lcrjmt v m crnmifxmdfi {mrm bilrbiqmr b rfbtnc)|ibrmoffama, {mrqfdmrjbiqb bi xcimt mbammt m rct v3Aflbrbidfmt biqrb mt {brdb{dfcibt ab rfbtnc ab abtmtqrbt bi ct}bormamt, b fidtf|b m {cdct jbqrct ab abtif|b dci rbt{bdqc m aflbrbiqbt nr{ct ab fiqbrbtbt v m dcjifama)ct jftjct) Tbni filcrjmdfi ab Fitqfqqc Jifdf{m ab m3Dmrbidfm c ablfdfbidfmt bi b mddbtc m m filcrjmdfi v m\f|fbiam ab jifdf{fc [fiqc Tmfimt, {mrm b mc ?;;> tb btqfj bi dcicdfjfbiqc qdifdc v dfbiqlfdc tcorb ct abtmtqrbti 4?)4" ab lmjffmt tfi |f|fbiam, tfbiaci {rcobjm dcj{bhc,3Dmrbidfm ab icrjmt ab qfdm, jcrm v tmidfcibt {mrm }fbibt{rfidf{m`jbiqb {cr m dmrbidfm ab qbrrbict m{qct v ablfdfbidfmt ab nbibrmi b rfbtnc)tbr|fdfct dcibwct, {mrm b btqmobdfjfbiqc tbnrc v dcilcrqmob ab3[cfqfxmdfi, orcdrmqfxmdfi, dcrr{dfi, lmqm ab lbwfoffama v{rcvbdqct gmofqmdfcim`bt) cqrct cotqd`ct {mrm `b|mr mab`miqb {rcdbtct ab abtmrrc`cMt jftjc, @mllmf b bq m) '?;;2&, tbmmi }b jdgmt cormt ab `cdm)

NBCJFIMT, mnctqc ?;=; 7>

Abtmrrc``c ab rfbtnct ab abtmtqrbt) Ri b`bjbiqc liamjbiqm` )))

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77 NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

3Aboffamabt c lmqm ab fitqfqdfcibt c Bi rb`mdfi m t |f|bidfm bi b abtmtqrb tcorb b abtmrrc` c tctqbifo`b dcidbofac m mfitqrjbiqct mabdmact bi ct biqcrict B|biqc Jcdcqbt, b 2>" lb b|mdmac v x ab mt qbcrmt ab lmdqcr mjofbiqm v ab m`cdm`bt }b abi tbnfjfbiqc m `mt 7"& {rcdbtc ab tbbddfi ab m}b`ct {rcobjmtjifdf{fc Miqcifc [fiqc Tm`fimt, btqmacmt dmj{mmt ab filcrjmdfi bi t tbdqcr {rfcrfqmrfct fabiqflfdmact v dmrmdqbrfxmact mJrfam) Fitqfqqc ab Nbcnrmlm vtcorb ct {bfnrct bwftqbiqbt bi ct jftjct, lfi ab aftbmr tcdfcibt dcidbrqmamt, }bDcitbr|mdfi ab `ct _bdrtctm qrm|t jmvcrjbiqb ab dmj{mmt ab {brjfqmiabiqrc ab i jmrdc ab abtmrrc cImqrmbt, R@M, Jrfam)filcrjmdfi {cr dci|cdmqcrfmt, tfqmdfi rrm tctqbifo`b, amr rbt{btqmt m `m

[rcnrmjm ab mt Imdfcibt Rifamt {mrm b}b rblbhm bi nrmi jbafam b qrmomhc }b gm dcjifama m qrm|t ab {cqfdmt, btqrmqb*Abtmrrc` c, [IRA, '?;;1&) @mrbmfxmac DM_FQMT hiqc dci b Fitqfqqc ab nfmt ab nbtqfi ab rfbtnct v jbafamt ab_baddfi ab _fbtnct ab abtmtqrbt8 Ri[rcqbddfi Df|f v Majfiftqrmdfi ab jfqfnmdfi bi b jifdf{fc)

abtmlc {mrm b` Abtmrrc``c) Ri FilcrjbAbtmtqrbt ab btqmac Jrfam, bi ct qm`brbt Bi rb`mdfi m afmnitqfdc tcorb `m Jiafm`) Afrbddfi ab [rb|bidfi abab lcrjmdfi tcorb rfbtnct v abtmtqrbt) Ic {brdb{dfi ab rfbtnc, abt{t ab qrbt mctDrftft v ab _bd{brmdfi Aft{cifob8cotqmiqb tbni m bidbtqm mi b 21" ab cdrrfac b abtmtqrb, m {co`mdfi bi nrmigqq{8##~~~)ia{)crn#od{r#aftrba#rar)gqabtdcicdb b m{cvc ab mnim fitqfqdfi {rc{crdfi rbdcicdb tfqmdfcibt ab {bfnrctj{cr rfbtnct imqrm`bt, c }b tnfbrb m }b v mjbimxmt {cr m cdrrbidfm ab lbijbict

gmv }b tbnfr qrmomhmiac dci mt dcjif* gfarcjbqbcrc`nfdct, `c }b bi tiqbtft vamabt) {mrm `ct blbdqct ab btqb qrmomhc tfniflfdm,[mrm`b`mjbiqb v dci {rbcd{mdfi }b b abicjfimac B|biqc Jcdcqbt ?;;2,dfbiqlfdm, tb cotbr|m m lmqm ab tfj`mdrct lb jv fj{mdqmiqb v ab tb|brmt tbdbmtab bjbrnbidfm, m mtbidfm ab tftqbjmt ab {mrm m {comdfi ab btm xcim ab btqmacmbrqmt qbj{rmimt, v b rbdcicdfjfbiqc ab Jrfam, \bibxbm, c }b ab|fbib bi mnmr ab bjbrnbidfm bi mt dcjifamabt) fj{crqmidfm ab jmqbrfmfxmr i {rcliac }b

J) _chmt

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Nbc`cnm ab` {bqr`bc

DM_MDQB_FXMDFI NBC@NFDM AB @MT M_BIMT B, L V N AB@ VMDFJFBIQCJC_FDGM@ ;>, LC_JMDFI CLFDFIM, _BM JMVC_ AB QBJO@MAC_) BTQMAC

JCIMNMT, AFTQ_FQC JC_FDGM@

NBC@CNFDM@ DGM_MDQB_FXMQFCI CL B, L MIA N TMIAT CL JC_FDGM@ ;>_BTB_\CF_, CLFDFIM LC_JMQFCI, M_BM JMVC_ AB QBJO@MAC_, JCIMNMT

TQMQB, JC_FDGM@ AFTQ_FDQ

?Jmf`fobq Amx , @fic Dmtqf``c=

_bdfofac8 ?7*2*=;5 M{rcomac8 4;* ab m Lcrjmdfi Clfdfim) [mrm b c tb rbmfx m dcrrbmdfi ab{cxct {brlcrmact }b {brlfmrci mt mrbimt bi btqafc, tb bmocrmrci tbddfcibt btqrmqfnrlfdmt v btqrdqrmbt {mrm cotbr|mr ctjfqbt |brqfdmbt v mqbrmbt ab vmdfjfbiqc mt dcjc t mr}fqbdqrm, abqbrjfimiac }b ct jbhcrbt bt{btcrbt ct {rbtbiqmi mtmrbim B v N jfbiqrmt }b bi m mrbim L tci |mrfmobt) @m btqrdqrm {rbtbiqb dcrrbt{ciab m i gcjcdfim fjfqmac m Icrqb v Tr

{cr i tftqbjm ab lm mt icrjmbt v m Btqb v Cbtqb dci jfqbt ab rcdm c mrofqrmrfc) B mjofbiqb ab{ctfqmdfcim dcrrbt{ciab mab{tfqct ab dmimbt biqrb mxmact q{fdct ab i mjofbiqb l|fm ) Bi mt mrbimt L v N tb ofd b DM[C m {rcliafamabt *4)>62. v*4)72;., rbt{bdqf|mjbiqb) @mt rbtbr|mt dmdmamt {mrm m mrbim B, L v N tci ab )7?;jf``fci ibq omrrb`t rbt{bdqf|b`v)Ebv ~crat8 rbm Jmvcr ab Qbjo`macr, nbc`cnfdm` dgmrmdqbrfxmqfci, gcjcd`fim`, fiqbrq~fiba dgmiib`t, C^D, tqmqfd jcab`)

=Fin Nc , @forb Bhbrdfdfc, b*jmf8 jmffobqKnjmf)dcj?Fin Nc , [rclbtcr Mtftqbiqb, RAC, b*jmf8 dmtqf`cficKgcqjmf)dcj

NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=; 76

FIQ_CARDDFIBi b Aftqrfqc Jcrfdgm gmv aflbrbiqbt vmdfjfbiqct biqrb ct dmbtbtq b Vmdfjfbiqc Jcrfdgm ;>, tqb btq ofdmac bi b Dmj{cJcrfdgm m ict 64 ej m Tr lrmidc ab m dfama ab Jmqri v mimt abdbimt ab efjbqrct m Icrqb ab rc Crficdc) 'Lfnrm =&) Bibtqb btqafc tb {rc{cib im dmrmdqbrfxmdfi nbcnfdm ab mtmrbimt B, L v N ab vmdfjfbiqc, m{fdmiac im jbqcaccnm }bdcitftqb bi im rbdc{fmdfi v |mfamdfi ab m filcrjmdfi, {crjbafc ab amqct qcjmact afrbdqmjbiqb bi dmj{c, rb|ftfi

ofofcnrlfdm, filcrjbt, amqct v jm{mt clfdfmbt ab vmdfjfbiqc,rbnftqrct v dmr{bqmt ab {cxct, rbmfxmiac tbddfcibt btqrmqfnrlfdmtv btqrdqrmbt bi b vmdfjfbiqc, {mrm mt bmocrmr jm{mt ft{mdct

btqrdqrmbt {cr mrbimt, v ablfifr ct jfqbt, btqrdqrm vmjofbiqb ab vmdfjfbiqc, mabjt, ab ddc ab [CBT vbtqfjmdfi ab rbtbr|mt rbjmibiqbt)

[@MIQBMJFBIQC AB@ [_CO@BJMB Dmj{c Jcrfdgm fifdfm t bw{cqmdfi bi b mc =627 dci m{brlcrmdfi ab {cxc J[N;;;=) @mt qrmj{mt jt fj{crqmiqbt bibtqb dmj{c mt dcitqfqvbi ct vmdfjfbiqct Jcrfdgm ;4 v Jcrfdgm;>) Dci b cohbqc ab m rbd{brmdfi {qfjm ab ct gfarcdmrorct

Lfnrm =) Rofdmdfi rb`mqf|m ab` Dmj{c Jcrf dgm` bi b` rbm ab`Aftqrfqc Jcrfdgm`) 'Jcaflfd mac ab \b`t}bx, ?;;6&)

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abtab b mc =66< tb gmi fj{bjbiqmacbt}bjmt ab bw{cqmdfi m qrm|t ab{cxct gcrfxciqm`bt, abt|fmact,rbbiqrmamt v jt rbdfbiqbjbiqbm{fdmdfi ab qbdiccnmt ab rbd{brmdfijbhcrmam5 tfi bjomrnc, b wfqc ab btqct{rcvbdqct t{cib im obimdmrmdqbrfxmdfi ab vmdfjfbiqct,bt{bdfmjbiqb bi dmam im ab tt to*ifamabt) @mt mrbimt B, L v N abJfbjorc Jcrfdgm` rb{rbtbiqmi `m{rct{bdqf|fama bi afdgc jfbjorc, {cr c}b tci ct cohbqf|ct ab btqb {rcvbdqc) [crqm rmxi tb rb}fbrb m dmrmdqbrfxmdfinbcnfdm ab btqct rbtbr|crfct {mrmfj{tmr m rbd{brmdfi blfdfbiqb bi b`vmdfjfbiqc Jcrfdgm ;>)

JBQCAC@CNMLMTB =8 Btqm bqm{m dcj{rbiab mrbdc{fmdfi, rb|ftfi, d`mtflfdmdfi v|m famdfi ab qcam `m filcrjmdfinbcnfdm tcorb b rbm ab btqafc, qmbtdcjc8 m& btqafct b filcrjbt ab`vmdfjfbiqc5 o& rbnftqrct ab {cxct5 d&dmr{bqm ab {cxct5 a& jm{m clfdfm, biqrbcqrct)LMTB ?8 Btqrmqfnrmlm8 Btqm bqm{m dcitftqbbi abqbrjfimr m |mrfmdfi mqbrm v |brqfdm`ab `mt aflbrbiqbt lmdfbt ab if|b`btqrmqfnrlfdc, tfnfbiac ct tfnfbiqbt{mtct8 m& tb btdcnb i jmrdmacrbtqrmqfnrlfdc rb{rbtbiqmqf|c bi b rbm,{mrm qcamt mt tbddfcibt tb qcj bJfbjorc Vmoc }b rb{rbtbiqm im qfqmofbi ablfifam m qc{b ab JfbjorcJcrfdgm5 o& tb dcitqrvbi mt tbddfcibtbtqrmqfnrlfdmt dci `m lfim fama abfabiqflfdmr b qf{c ab ab{tfqc ab mt mrbimtv abqbrjfimr t mjofbiqb abtbafjbiqmdfi) tqmt jbtqrmi bi b{`mic |brqfdm` `mt dmrmdqbrtqfdmtfqcnfdmt, lmdfbt, qrmj{mt btqrmqfnrlfdmtv bt{btcrbt5 d& {mrm fabiqflfdmr b qc{b v momtb ab mt mrbimt B, L v N bi ct {cxctab Vmdfjfbiqct Jcrfdgm ;> tb {rcdbaf mrbmfxmr dcrrbmdfcibt fqcbtqrmqfnrlfdmtbiqrb {cxct dbrdmict v tfnfbiac dcjcrbnftqrc qf{c ab vmdfjfbiqc b {cxcJ[N;?1= 'Lfnrm ?&) Rim |bx ablfifac bqc{b v m omtb ab fiqbr|mc ab fiqbrt tb{rcdbaf m afnfqmfxmr ct {cxct m qrm|t abmt gbrrmjfbiqmt ab Nbcnrm{gfw {cr bjac ab Wtbdqfci)LMTB 48 Jcabc btqrdqrm8 m& mt dmrmdqbrtqfdmt `mt lm``mt icrjm`bt drfqbrfc ab fiqbr{rbqmdfi ab tbdbidfmt abtbddfcibt btqrdqrmbt tb rbmfxmi dci m {tbac*|brqfdmbt dci i inc ab omrrmt aciab mt rbt{btqmt bdqrfdmtlfimfama ab |ftmfxmr `m aft{ctfdfi oxmjfbiqc biqrb >; v 6;, brmi ab qf{c dcmrtbifin { 'lfic bi `mbt{mdfm v b oxmjfbiqc ab mt ifamabt m{rcwfjmamjbiqb5 d& B jcabc ttjfdc omtb v nrbtc gmdfm b qc{b& v ab qf{cbtqrmqfnrlfdmt) B miftft v bmocrmdfi ab ab rbm tfr|f ab tc{crqb {mrm dcqbhmr ct lfififin { 'nrbtc gmdfm m omtb v lficmt tbddfcibt btqrdqrmbt tb rbmfx {mict ab lm` mt fiqbr{rbqmact m {mrqfr ab m gmdfm b qc{b& dcjc lmdfbt ab dmim, biqrbjbafmiqb `ct tclq~mrbt Nbcnrm{gfw, rb|ftfi v dcrrbmdfi ab {cxct bi b rbm) cqrct, qcjmiac dcjc {mqrcibt abqffxmiac i amqj ab *4)2;;. Q\ATT b`bdqrclmdfbt mtcdfmact m af|brtctLMTB 18 Jcabc Tbafjbiqcnfdc8 {mrm'Qrb |brqfdm` ab{qg to tbm&, {mrm mt jcabct tbafjbiqmrfct v {cr jbafc abrbmfxmr b miftft tb qcj dcjc bhbj{caflbrbiqbt tbddfcibt5 o& [mrm rbmfxmr b` jac ab Nbc Mqmt ab Nbcnrm{gfw tbct rbtqmact coqbifact ab miftft ab{mic ab lm`m tb b|m qcam m dcjim drb i jm{m dci `mt rbt{btqmtidbc ab {cxc btqrmqfnrlfdc J[N;?1=btqrmqfnrlfdm ab ct {cxct {mrm mt bdqrfdmt ab ct fiqbr|mct ab mt mrbimrbm`fxmac {cr Dcrb @mocrmqcrfctabqbrjfimr mt lm`mt bwftqbiqbt, {mrm b` bwqrmam ab ct rbnftqrct bi afnfqm, mt\bibxbm, T)M) 'Dcrb @mo&) [mrm bDmj{c Jcrfdgm, {mrm btqmt xcimt tci dmbt tb fiqbr{rbqmrci v tb fabiqflfdmrcimiftft ab mt bbdqrclmdfbt tb qcj dcjc

J) Amx, @) Dmtqf``c

6; NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

Lfnrm ?) [cxc Btqrmqfnrlfd c J[N;?1=, _bnftqr c qf{c ab` Vmdfjfbiqc Jcr fdgm` ;>)

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mt xcimt ab ocrab v dbiqrc ab dmim v mirmt ab fiiamdfi,qffxmiac m filcrjmdfi ab dmam {cxc v bwqrm{cmiac bi mtxcimt aciab ic tb dbiqm dci filcrjmdfi, fabiqflfdmiac mafrbddfi ab ab{ctfdfi tbni btqafct {rb|fct rbmfxmact bi b`vmdfjfbiqc, v tbni mt qbcrmt ab ab{ctfdfi v mjofbiqbt Aciab8tbafjbiqmrfct tb {rcdbaf m ablfifr b mjofbiqb bi b dm tb [CBT: [bqrbc crfnfim bi tfqfc, 'OI&{rcahc m tbafjbiqmdfi) >)>27: Lmdqcr ab dci|brtfi ab ifamabt ab mdrbt*{fbt mLMTB 28 Jcabc {bqrcltfdc8 {mrm b ddc ab ct {mrjbqrct omrrf bt{bqrcltfdct tb {rcdbaf m rbmfxmr {cr jbafc ab` tclq~mrb b: [crctfama blbdqf|m ab m mrbim, '"&Fiqbrmdqf|b [bqrc{gvtfdt 'F[&, coqbifbiac ct |mcrbt ab |cjbi \o: \cjbi orqc ab {bqrbc, 'mdrbt*{fbt&

ab mrdf` m '\tg&, tmqrmdfi ab mnm 'T~&, {brjbmoffama 'E&, T~f: Tmqrmdfi fifdfm ab mnm, '"&{crctfama qcqm '[GF& v {crctfama blbdqf|m '[GFB&, bt{btcrbt ab Ocf: Lmdqcr \cjqrfdc ab {bqrbc, 'OV#OI&mrbim ibqm 'MI& v mrbim ibqm {bqrclbrm 'MI[&5 btqb tclq~mrbqf fxm lrjmt ablfifamt {mrm b d`dc ab dmam ic ab btqct B |cjbi v b rbm ab vmdfjfbiqc lbrci abqbrjfimact dci m{mrjbqrct, mt dcjc drfqbrfct aciab m {crctfama blbdqf|m abob gbrrmjfbiqm TFNBJM[ \7) @ct |mcrbt ab T~f v lbrcitbr jmvcr c fnm m ?;" '[GFB;,?&, m tmqrmdfi ab mnm coqbifact {cr b ddc ab {bqrcltfdm m qrm|t ab m gbrrmjfbiqmjbicr c fnm m 2;" 'T~;,2& v b |cjbi ab mrdf` m, jbicr c F[ {mrm dmam {cxc v {cr jbafc ab i {rcjbafc {ciabrmac tbfnm m ?;" '\tg;)?&) Qbifbiac `ct bt{btcrbt ab MI[ tb dd c i ifdc |mcr rb{rbtbiqmqf|c {mrm dmam mrbim, ab @forc{rcdbab m nbibrmr b jm{m ft{mdc, rb{rbtbiqmiac bi b {mic Clfdfm ab _btbr|mt ?;;7 tb qcj b |mcr ab Ocf fnm mgcrfxciqm ct bt{btcrbt dmdmact) B jftjc jbtqrm m =,;17?OV#OI) [mrm b ddc ab mt rbtbr|mt rbd{brmobt, bcrfbiqmdfi, m aftqrfodfi mrbm ab m mrbim ab fiqbrt, lmdqcr ab rbdcorc 'Lr& {mrm b Dmj{c Jcrfdgm bt ab 6,;") @mtlmdf fqmiac m fabiqflfdmdfi b fiqbr{rbqmdfi ab qf{c ab ab{tfqc v rbtbr|mt rbd{brmobt {babi tbr btqfjmamt jqf{fdmiac b`mjofbiqb tbafjbiqmrfc, qcam btqm filcrjmdfi bt dcj{mrmam dci [CBT {cr b Lmdqcr ab _bdcorc)ct Jm{mt ab Ftc{rc{fbamabt bwftqbiqbt {cr mrbimt abvmdfjfbiqc, dci b lfi ab abqbrjfimr b nrmac ab dcfidfabidfm v mt _BTR@QMACT V AFTDRTFI

xcimt jt {rct{bdqf|mt ab vmdfjfbiqc) Btqrmqfnrmlm8 M c mrnc ab vmdfjfbiqc bi afrbddfi cbtqb*btqb tbLMTB , b dfbrrb btqrdqrm ab btqb abjbtqrmi }b mt mrbimt B, L v N qfbibi dcibwfi gfarfdm vvmdfjfbiqc {cr mt ifamabt btqafmamt tb dcilcrjm ab lm` mt mt bwqbitfi mqbrm bi t ifama) @m tbddfi MM. ofdmam gmdfm mdmbt lbrci |mfamamt m qrm|t ab {`mic ab lm`m v ab jcabc xcim icrqb abiqrc ab vmdfjfbiqc qfbibi im cinfqa ab 4=,< ej,ttjfdc ab m xcim, ab dciqmdqct ab mnm*{bqrbc |brflfdmact bi ct bt{btcrbt {mrm m mrbim B btqi biqrb =;; v ej tb bidbiqrmbtqmobdfact tbni drfqbrfct ab dmrdqbr nbcnfdc) B jm{m bi m xcim dbiqrm ab vmdfjfbiqc, `m mrbim B jmiqfbib tdcjofimac rbtqm ab fiqbnrmr b jm{m ft{mdc v b jm{m dciqfifama mqbrm m c mrnc ab qcam m tbddfi dci bt{btcrbt abbtqrdqrm dci m tfjoccnm ab {cxct mabdmamt) Rim |bx ==; m ; v 2; {fbt v {mrm mLMTB >8 B dd c ab [CBT tb rbmfx m qrm|t ab jqcac mrbim N biqrb ?4; v =1; {fbt 'Lfnrm 4&) @m tbddfi BB. dci >,2|cjqrfdc bj{bmiac m tfnfbiqb bdmdfi8 ej ab `cinfqa, bi `m xcim trcbtqb ab vmdfjfbiqc, `ct

NBCJFIMT, mnctqc ?;=; 6=

Dmrmdqbrfxmdfi nbc`nfdm ab `mt mrbimt B, L v N ab` )))

Lfnrm 4) Tbddfi btqrmqfnrlf dm DD. ofdmam bi `m xcim dbiqrm` ab` Vmdfjfbiqc Jcrfdgm` ;>)

' &Ocf

T~f\o[CBT

b*

:=>>27 l

b

l

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6? NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

Lfnrm 1) Tbddfi btqrdqrm` ??., ab afrbdd fi IB*TC)

Vmdfjfbiqct, ab m }b tb coq|c }b m Icrbtqb ab vmdfjfbiqcbwftqb im lm` m dci oxmjfbiqc tr }b fjfqm dci b VmdfjfbiqcJcrfdgm ;25 m Icrcbtqb cqrm dci oxmjfbiqc icrqb }b fjfqmdci b Vmdfjfbiqc Jcrfdgm =;= v cqrm }b tb bidbiqrm abiqrcab Vmdfjfbiqc Jcrfdgm ;> gmdfm m xcim dbiqrm)Bi ct jm{mtbtqrdqrmbt ct dciqcrict btqrdqrmbt btqi aftqmidfmactdmam 2;., btqct jbtqrmi im afrbddfi ab oxmjfbiqc m icrqbbi mt qrbt ifamabt bi btqafc, qmjofi tb {rbtbiqmi mt lm`mt

Jm{m Ft{mdc8 [mrm m mrbim B gmdfm m xcim cbtqb ab}b fjfqmi m vmdfjfbiqc)vmdfjfbiqc tb {rbtbiqm i jfqb ab rcdm, v ct jmvcrbtJcab`c Tbafjbiqc`nfdc8 Fiqbr{rbqmamt mt bbdqrclmdfbt abbt{btcrbt {rbtbiqbt tci ab

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NBCJFIMT, mnctqc ?;=; 64

Jcrfdgm ;7, afdgm lm m tb dcj{rco {cr rbnftqrc ab {cxct }b icrcbtqb) [mrm `m mrbim B v L tb {rbtbiqm im ` mirmt abic bwftqb v tb btqmobdf i `jfqb mrofqrmrfc {mrm b dfbrrb fiiamdfi m Cbtqb ab vmdfjfbiqc)btqrdqrm ab vmdfjfbiqc) [mrm b jm{m ab m mrbim B tb @m mrbim B dbiqm dci i bt{btcr ab MI[ {rcjbafc ab 1; {fbt{rbtbiqm }b b vmdfjfbiqc btq fjfqmac m Cbtqb {cr i jfqb ab {rbtbiqiactb mt xcimt ab jbicrbt bt{btcrbt m Cbtqb bircdm, m Icrcbtqb im lm` m icrjm dci oxmjfbiqc icrqb, m btqm ifama, jfbiqrmt }b mt jbhcrbt xcimt tb bidbiqrmi bi mIcrbtqb cqrm lm m icrjm dci oxmjfbiqc tr) Bi jm{m ab m xcim dbiqrm v Btqb ab vmdfjfbiqc)mrbim L, b vmdfjfbiqc btq fjfqmac m Cbtqb {cr i jfqb ab rcdm, [mrm `m mrbim L tb cotbr| i DM[C m im {rcliafama ab *m Icrcbtqb {cr i DM[C m *4)62 {fbt Q\ATT, rb{rbtbiqmiac tqb i jfqb ab vmdfjfbiqcim lm m dci oxmjfbiqc tr) Gmdfm m xcim icrbtqb ab bi btqm ifama gmdfm m xcim icrcbtqb) @m mrbim N {rbtbiq ivmdfjfbiqc tb rbmfx nrlfdmjbiqb im dm ab mnm DM[C m *4)72; {fbt Q\ATT, rb{rbtbiqmiac tqb b jfqb ab btqm

dcrrbt{ciafbiqb m DM[C cotbr|mac, dci `m lfimfama ab ic ifama gmdfm m xcim icrbtqb)tcorbbtqfjmr mt mdjmdfcibt ab gfarcdmrorct bi btm xcim) B |mcr ab [CBT {mrm m mrbim B bt ab &) Mjofbiqbt tbafjbiqmrfct)Qm`br afdqmac {mrmbt{bdfm bi mt mrbimt B v N, cotbr|iactb qmjofi bi {cxct DC_[C\BI T)M), [rcvbdqc Lmdfbt) [brqc @m Drx,{iqmbt xcimt qqfdmt }b fiqbrrj{bi btqm dciqfifama5 ct \bibxbm)jbhcrbt bt{btcrbt tb {rbtbiqmi bi m mrbim N) Mrdgf|ct Afnfqmbt [A\TM [bqrbc, T) M) '?;;7&) Dcrb@m btqrdqrm {rbtbiqb bi b vmdfjfbiqc dcrrbt{ciab m i @mocrmqcrfbt \bibxbm, T)M) \bibxbm)gcjcdfim) Tb btqmobdfbrci mt lm` mt m IC ab vmdfjfbiqc dci [bqrbct ab \bibxbm '?;;2&)[bqrbct ab \bibxbm, T)M),

oxmjfbiqc I }b fjfqm dci b Vmdfjfbiqc Jcrfdgm =;=, v m IC ;= ab h fc ab ?;;6, Ugqq{8##~~~){a|tm)dcj#Z)cqrm lm` m dci oxmjfbiqc T }b fjfqm dci b Vmdfjfbiqc Jcrfdgm Tmiac|m, A) '?;;?&) _bfiqbr{rbqmdfi btqrmqfnrlfdm ab `m xcim;2, jfbiqrmt }b m B ab vmdfjfbiqc tqb fjfqm dci b Vmdfjfbiqc icrbtqb ab `ct vmdfjfbiqct Jcrfdgm` ;> v ;4, JfbjorcJcrfdgm ;7 dci i jfqb mrofqrmrfc {mrm b dfbrrb btqrdqrm) Jcrfdgm`, Lcrjmdfi Clfdfim) Qrmomhc ab Nrmac ic {ofdmac@m b|mmdfi {bqrcltfdm rbmfxmam bi mt mrbimt bi btqafc Rif|brtfama ab Crfbiqb, Dfama Oc|mr){rbtbiq }b `m mrbim B qfbib i jmvcr \tg dci 2,>" v \bt}bx, H) '?;;6&)Dmrmdqbrfxmdfi ab` jcab`c afijfdc ab`2)4=2,7;1 jA ab E v 4=,7" ab [GFB rbtqmiac mt jbicrbt Vmdfjfbiqc Jcrfdgm`*;>, Lcrjmdfi Clfdfim, dmj{c|mcrbt ab E v [GFB biqrb mt mrbimt bi btqafc, m mrbim L Jcrfdgm`, rbm qrmafdfcim` ab dract {btmact matdrfqm m`{rbtbiqm jmvcr E v T~ dci i |mcr ab >);

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61 NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

JMNFTQB_

TDFBIQFM_RJ

BI_BDR_TCT IMQR_M@BT

JBIDFCIBT8_bdrtct Jfibrm`bt

_bdrtct Gfar`fdct

Baflfdfc Btdb`m ab Dfbidfmt ab `m Qfbrrm) [ftc ?, Dccrafimdfi ab {ctqnrmac) Dfama Oc `|mr, Btqmac Oc`|mr)Qb`lcic8 ';?72& 2==1?76

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Nbcjfdrcofc`cnm

NBCJFD_COFC@CNM8 RIM FIQ_CARDDFI M @M FIQB_MDDFI JFD_CC_NMIFTJCT*JFIB_M@BT

NBCJFD_COFC@CNV8 MI FIQ_CARDQFCI QC JFD_CC_NMIFTJT*JFIB_M@T FIQB_MDQFCI

[barc H) @{bx Nmfjmdqc v Hct @ft) Lbiqbt X)= ?

_bdfofac8 =?*2*=;5 M{rcomac8 =6*

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mdc{miac m cwfamdfi ab jmqbrfm crn* bbjbiqct v jfibrmbt) mftmrci jfdrccrnmiftjct rbadqcrbt abifdm 'dfact, mdcgcbt, dcj{btqct mrc* Lb'FFF& v cwfamacrbt ab Lb'FF&, m {rfjbrmjqfdct& m m rbaddfi ab Lb'FFF& c Ji'F\&) _BARDDFI JFD_COFMIM AB@ GFB* rbmddfi cdrrf bi b jfibrm iciqrcifqm vCqrct jbqm`bt ttdb{qfo`bt ab rbaddfi `m tbniam bi |f|fmifqm, tfabrfqm v__C V JMINMIBTCabtmtfjf mqcrfm tci b R'\F&, Tb'\F&, Dr'\F& jcictlrc 'Xgminbq m`), ?;;6&)Jdgct jfdrccrnmiftjct qfbibi m dm{m*v Gn'FF&) Btqmt rbmddfcibt hbnmi i {m{b Rim ib|m bt{bdfb omdqbrfmim, Oregc`*dfama ab rbadfr jbqmbt ab qrmitfdfi,fj{crqmiqb bi m ofcnbc}jfdm ab btct abrfm lbrrmrfmb, dci m dm{mdfama ab tc*mdc{miac btqm rbaddfi m m cwfamdfibbjbiqct v {babi m{fdmrtb bi b ofc* of fxmr jfibrmbt lctlqfdct mqmjbiqb fi*ab lbiqbt ab bibrnm ab im jmibrm ab*tmibmjfbiqc ab mjofbiqbt dciqmjfimact tcobt, lb mft mam ab jfibrmbt ab gfb*tmtfjfmqcrfm) @m rbaddfi jfdrcofmim ab`

'@c|bv, =664&) @c|bv '?;;?& gm tbmmac rrc dci mqc dciqbifac bi ltlcrc '\m|brabLb'FF& v Ji'F\& {bab bw{fdmr im lrmddfi}b mt b|fabidfmt nbcnfdm v jfdrcofmim bq m`), ?;;

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Gcblq, T) B), E{, Q) _), Tqcqx, H) L), Gc fomng, H) Q), v Crbjmia, _) T)m qrm|t ab i jbdmiftjc }b fi|cdr dfqcdrcjct ab qf{c D,?;;1) Afttfjfmqcrv mrtbimqb rbadqfci ~fqg tlfab mt bbdqrci{rbdf{fqmiac bwqrmdbmrjbiqb imic{mrqdmt ab {mqm, c }bacicr8 bw{brfjbiqt ~fqg Jcic @meb ~qbr mia ftcmqfci cl tqrmficlrbdb i {ctfob jqcac {mrm rbd{brmr {mqm ab mnmtJ@JT*=, m dgbjcmqcqrc{gfd mrtbimqb rbt{frbr) M{{`) Bi|frci)dciqmjfimamt v {mrm lmorfdmr imic{mrqdmt ab {mqm)Jfdrcofc`)>;8?>1=*?>1>)@ct jfdrccrnmiftjct dm{mdbt ab tcoffxmr v {rbdf{fqmr mdqf|m* Gbma, F) J), Jmrqfi Hcibt, A), v @mrqbr, T) _) '?;;4&) Ofccnfdm mdqf|fqv fi

jbiqb crc, {mrbdbi hnmr i {m{b jt nrmiab ab c }b mi* qgb abb{ totrlmdb mia qgb crfnfi cl gbm|v cf) Imqrb) 1?&) [mdbrbt ab crc bi{rbdf{fqmqfci cl nc`a ov afttfjfmqcrv Lb'FFF&*rbadfin Omdqbrfm miaMmtem, {mrbdbi fidfr jbqm }b tb gm mdjmac }jfdmjbi*Mrdgmbm)M{{`) Bi|frci) Jfdrcofc`) 84?>2*4?>6)qb m omhmt qbj{brmqrmt bi v tcorb dmt ab m omdqbrfm Ecigmtbr, E), Gmjmab, C) Q), _mft~b , _), Jcrrft, _) D), Lbrrft, L) N),

[bacjfdrcofj jminmifdj, b gm`mxnc ab ab{tfqct tbjbhmi* Tcqgmj, N), v Dmilfba, A) B) '?;;?&) Dca omdqbrfm gm|b lcrjbaqbt bi Dgfim v Tr lrfdm, fiafdmi }b {bab tbr mj{fm m lcr* qgb [rbdmjorfmi omiaba frci lcrjmqfcit3)Nbc`) 4;8=;>6*=;7?)jmdfi omdqbrfmim ab crc ' mqqbrtci, =66=&) Emtgblf bq m`) @m~, I), Mitmrf, L), @f|bit, L) _), _btgm~, H) D), v @cva, H) _) '?;;7&)'?;;?&, abjctqrmrci }b dqf|ct ab jfdrccrnmiftjct jbtlfct Lcrjmqfci cl imictdmb bbjbiqm tf|br {mrqfdbt |fm bixvjmqfd

rbadqfci ov Nbcomdqbr t`lrrbadbit)M{{`) Bi|frci) Jfdrcofc`)b gf{brqbrjlfct rbadqcrbt ab Lb'FFF& {afbrci rbadfr M'FFF& m>18>;6;*>;64)M';&, b|fabidfmiac m {ctfof fama ab }b btqct jfdrccrnmiftjct

@c|bv, A) _), [gf`f{t, B) H), Ncrov, V) M), v @miam, B) _) '=66=&) Jfdrcofmbtqi fi|cdrmact bi m lcrjmdfi ab ab{tfqct ab crc) @m ofc*rbadqfci cl rmifj)Imqrb) 42;81=4*1=8?&)Qb cwvmifcit mt rbt{frmqcrv bbdqrci mddb{qcrt) M{{`) Bi|frci)Qgb nbcjfdrcofccnv cl nc a)Qgb FTJB H) =82*271)Jfdrcofc ) >48?=42*?=14)

_bfqg, L), Bqtdgjmii, O), Nrcttb, D), Jccrt, G), Obicqjmib, J) M),Ocf|fi*Hmgit, \), _fj, _), Ofmidgf, M), Amjmt, T), v Dgrftqbi, _)Jcitbrt, [), Nrmtt, N), Accimi, D), \cnq, T), Dm, O), Jmrqibx*'=66

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67 NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

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Vmdfjfbiqct jbq`fdct

MI@FTFT QF[C@NFDC AB @CT VMDFJFBIQCT C_CNIFDCT AB C_C BI @MNRMVMIM \BIBXC@MIM, M[@FDMAC M TR BW[@C_MDFI

QV[C@CNFDM@ MIM@VTFT CL C_CNBIFD NC@A AB[CTFQT FI QGB \BIBXRB@MINRMVMIM, M[[@FBA QC QGB BW[@C_MQFCI

=Bafwci _mji Tm`mxmr_bdfofac8 ?**=;)

_BTRJBIB` {rbtbiqb qrmomhc qfbib {cr cohbqf|c btqmo`bdbr i mi`ftft qf{c`nfdc ab `ct vmdfjfbiqct crcnifdct abcrc bi m Nmvmim |bibxc`mim, }b {bam tbr m{`fdmac bi mt bw{`crmdfcibt ab` dfqmac jbqm`) Tb blbdq`m rbdc{f`mdfi v mi`ftft ofo`fcnrlfdc ab `ct qrmomhct tcorb vmdfjfbiqct crcnifdct ab crc dcicdfact mif|b` jiafm` v ab m rbnfi Nmvmim) Jiafm`jbiqb tb gmi btqmo`bdfac tbft jcab`ct ab vmdfjfbiqct abcrc) [mrm b` mi`ftft ab ct jbqm`cqbdqct `fqc`nfdct, btqrdqrm`bt, nbc}jfdct v nbcltfdct tb qf`fxmrci`m filcrjmdfi v `ct jm{mt nbc`nfdct m btdm`m =8?2;);;;) Tb dcilfrj `m bwftqbidfm ab `ct aftqrfqctmrlbrct8 B` Dm``mc, B` Jmiqbdc, Ej 77, Nmrfdgb*[mrm{m{cv, Dmjcrrm*B` Acrmac, Ocqmimjc, Jmr~mif vOcdgfidgb, dci `ct tfnfbiqbt qf{ct ab vmdfjfbiqct8 crcnifdct ab crc dci omhc dciqbifac ab t`lrc v

dmrocimqct, gf{cqbrjm`bt v jbtcqbrjm`bt, lf`cifmict bj{`mxmact bi xcimt ab dfxm``mt, ab{tfqct ab crcqf{c {rlfact ab crc v {rlfact ab dcorb*crc v vmdfjfbiqct mtcdfmact m t`lrct jmtf|ct |c`difdct) @ctacjfifct `fqc`nfdct dcrrbt{ciabi m `m tbdbidfm |c dmic*tbafjbiqmrfm ab `ct Dfiqrcibt ab _cdmt\brabt ab `m [rc|fidfm Nbc`nfdm ab [mtqcrm) @ct acjfifct btqrdqrm`bt qfbibi afrbddfi {rblbrbidfm`IB*TC, I*T, IC*TB, B*C) @m xcim ab Dgfdmii*Rrcv*Dgf|mc tb dcitfabrm i Aftqrfqc Mrlbrc aflbrbiqb m`ct vm btqmo`bdfact {mrm m rbnfi)[m`mormt d`m|b8 Dfxm``m, aftqrfqc mrlbrc, jbtcqbrjm`, crcnifdc, vmdfjfbiqct)

MOTQ_MDQQgb cohbdqf|b cl qgft ~cre ft btqmo`ftgfin m qv{c`cnfdm` mim`vtft cl crcnbifd nc`a ab{ctfqt fi qgb |bibxb`miNmvmim, ~gfdg dmi ob m{{`fba fi qgb bw{`crmqfci cl qgmq jbqm`) Fq ~mt jmab qgb dc``bdqfci mia mim`vtft clqgb `fqbrmqrb cl ~cret ci crcnbifd nc`a ab{ctfqt eic~i ~cr`a~fab mia qgb Nmvmim rbnfci) Qgb nc`aab{ctfqt fi qgb ~cr`a mrb af|faba fiqc tfw jcab`t) Lcr qgb mim`vtft cl jbqm``cqbdq `fqgc`cnfdm`, ~brb tbatqrdqrm`, nbcdgbjfdm`, nbc{gvtfdm` filcrjmqfci mia nbc`cnfdm` jm{t mq =8?2;);;;) Fq ~mt dcilfrjba qgbbwftqbidb cl qgb mrflbrct aftqrfdqt8 B` Dm``mc, B` Jmiqbdc, Ej 77, Nmrfdgb*[mrm{m{cv, Dmjcrrm, B`Acrmac, Ocqmimjc, Jmr~mif mia Ocdgfidgb, ~fqg qgb lc``c~fin qv{bt cl ab{ctfqt8 crcnbifd nc`a ab{ctfqt~fqg m `c~ t`{grb mia dmrocimqb dciqbiq, gf{cqgbrjm` mia jbtcqgbrjm`, |bfit fiqrtba fi qgb tgbmrxcib, nc`a {cr{gfav ab{ctfqt mia dc{{br*nc`a {cr{gfafbt mia ab{ctfqt rb`mqba qc m jmttf|b |c`dmifdt`{grbt) @fqgc`cnfdm` acjmfit dcrrbt{cia qc qgb |c`dmic*tbafjbiqmrv tb}bidb cl Qgb Nrbbi TqcibOb`qt cl [mtqcrm Nbc`cnfdm` [rc|fidb) Qgb tqrdqrm` acjmfit gm|b m {rblbrbiqfm` crfbiqmqfci IB*T^, IT,I^*TB, B^) Qgb mrbm cl Dgfdmimi*Rrcv*Dgf|mc ft dcitfabrba mi mrflbrct Aftqrfdq cqgbr qgmi qgctbm`rbmav btqmo`ftgba lcr qgb rbnfci)

Ebv ~crat8 Mrflbrct aftqrfdq, jbtcqgbrjm`, crcnbifd, crb ab{ctfq, tgbmr xcib)

=FinNb, [rclbtcr Mnrbnmac RAC) b*jmf 8 bafwcitmKgcqjmf)dcj

NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=; 66

FIQ_CARDDFIBtqb qrmomhc qfbib {cr cohbqf|c ablfifr ab jmibrm {rbfjfimr `mqf{ccnm ab ct ab{tfqct v vmdfjfbiqct mrlbrct mtcdfmact m ctDfiqrcibt ab _cdmt \brabt 'D)_)\)&, ab bama {rcqbrcxcfdm, bi mNmvmim |bibxcmim)[mrm btqmobdbr m qf{ccnm ab ct ab{tfqct, m fnm }b {mrm mbmocrmdfi ab ct jcabct nbiqfdct, tb dciq dci m filcrjmdfiofofcnrlfdm ab `ct qrmomhct rbmfxmact, {rfidf{mjbiqb {cr Jbi*acxm '?;;2&, Nf fcw '=66>& v D)\)N) QBDJFI '=676&) Mabjt,tb blbdq b miftft ab ct jbqmcqbdqct fqc nfdct, btqrdqrmbtv nbc}jfdct) Rim |bx ablfifam `m qf{ccnm, tb btqmobdbi `ctjcabct nbiqfdct v bnc m tfjffqa c dcrrbt{ciabidfm dci ctjcabct ablfifact {cr |mrfct mqcrbt m if|b jiafm)

@CDM@FXMDFI@m xcim ab btqafc tb cdmfxm m Tr ab rc Crficdc, bi b btqmac

Oc|mr, trcrfbiqb ab \bibxbm 'Lfnrm =&, bi mt dbidmtgfarcnrlfdmt ab ct rct Dmrci v Dvi, momrdmiac im

?bwqbitm rbm ab ict 2;)4?; ej, dcj{rbiafact biqrb ct

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Dmrfobt, {cr bidfjm ab m Lcrjmdfi tftqbjmqfxmdfi v rbl bwfi drqfdm tcorb dmrmdqbrfxmac {cr D)_)\) Crcnifdct, abDmom`m{b, v bi `m xcim ab \bimjc, bi `ct vmdfjfbiqct ab jbqm bt ico bt `m [rc|fidfm Nbcnfdm ab [mtqcrm,=676, dmrqcnrmlf m Lcrjmdfi \bimjc, bt{mcbt) Jbiacxm 'c{)dfq&, btqmobdb }b armiqbtfjfmr m m Lcrjmdfi Dmom m{b) Btqmt Ncalmro, _) '=666&, rbtjb }b ct b Ibcmr}bcxcfdc v [mbc{rcqbrcxcfdcqfjmt qrbt lcrjmdfcibt fiqbnrmi b Nr{c ab{tfqct crcnifdct ab crc tb lcrjmrci rbtq bi mdjmdfi moiamiqb ab crcOcqmimjc) a r m iq b b ` Mr } b cx cf d c m bi mt rcdmt ab D)_)\), mdcj{mmam c icB T{brnr{c [mtqcrm, rb{rbtbiqm b [mbc{rcqbrcxcfdc, v armiqb qcac b ab tlrct jmtf|ct |cdmicnifdct vD)_)\) jt miqfnc v jt qbdqcifxmac, Lmibrcxcfdc) @m aftqrfodfi qbj{crm ab ecjmqfqmt rfdmt bi i}b gmdfm m omtb abdcjfbixm bi m omtb dci im tbdbidfm ct jt fj{crqmiqbt ab{tfqct ab crc, ct D)_)\) [mrm b dfqmac mqcr mt lcrjmtab rcdmt |cdifdmt jlfdmt* qrmjlfdmt bwdvbiac m dciqrc|brtfm fq~qbrtrmia, jt dcjibt bi }b tb {rbtbiqm b crc

ab dcj{ctfdfi ecjmqqfdmt, `m|mt cdrrfbrci bi ct m{tct 4,=*?,6 Nm, ?,>* tci8 =& \bqmt ab crc crcnifdc cqgcbqfdmt, icrjm`bt m jmnibtfmimt, ?,2 Nm, ?,=*=,> Nm v ;,&, Bi dmiqc m m dmrqcnrmlm tb dciq dci ct_bnfi ab Nmvmim, \bibxb m) @m m{iqmi }b mt jfibrmfxmdfcibt ab crc jm{mt nbcnfdct m btdmm =8?2;);;;,filcrjmdfi m if|b jiafm lb fiamnmam tb {babi d mtflfdmr bi b{fqbrjm , IO*?;*4, IO*?;*1, IO*?;*> v IO*?;*7)omtiactb bi ct D)_)\) Crcnifdct ab jbtcqbrjm b gf{cqbrjm, ab mdbrac m m Tcorb btqm omtb dmrqcnrlfdm tb blbdqmiCrc) {rcliafama v qbj{brmqrm ab `m `ct miftft ab `ct acjfifct v ab `ctBiqrb `ct qrmomhct rb|ftmact btqi8 lcrjmdfi) jbqmcqbdqct, v tb ofdmi ct vmdfjfbiqctDmtqrc|fbhc '=667&, }fbi rbmfx im Bi \bibxbm, bi b btqmac Oc|mr, vm dcicdfact bi `ct aflbrbiqbt aftqrfqct

B) Tm`mxmr

=;; NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

Lfnrm =) Rofdmdf i v |mt ab mddbtc m `m xcim ab btqafc)

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mrlbrct, mabjt tb ofdmi mt micjmmt nbc}jfdmt ab crc Aftdtfi ab `ct jcab`ct ab ab{tfqct ab crc bi `mbi mtcdfmdfi dci cqrct bbjbiqct) Nmvmim |bibxc`mim8 Abt{t ab blbdqmr b miftft ab `m

filcrjmdfi {ofdmam {cr Jbiacxm 'c{) dfq& ab ct vmdfjfbiqct_BTR@QMACT ab crc ab m Nmvmim |bibxcmim v blbdqmac b miftft ab ctM if|b jiafm gmi tfac rb|ftmact `ct qrmomhc ab Ncalmro jbqmcqbdqct fqcnfdct, nbc}jfdct v btqrdqrmbt, rbtqm'?;;;&, Nrc|bt bq m ) '?;;2& v Dmtqrc|fbhc '=661, =662&, biqrb b|fabiqb m bwftqbidfm ab |mrfct ab{tfqct ab crc, mnr{mact bicqrct) M if|b imdfcim, nrmi {mrqb ab m filcrjmdfi {rc|fbib ab ict cdgc aftqrfqct mrlbrct) Bt ab tbmmr, tfi bjomrnc, }bJbiacxm '?;;;, ?;;2& ab ct qrmomhct rbm fxmact {cr D)\)N) bwftqbi |mrfct ab{tfqct ab crc, dcjc ct ab rfc Rrcv*Dgf|mc vQBDJFI '=676&, mt dcjc ab cqrct mqcrbt, biqrb b`ct Nf fcw Dgfdmii }b gmi tfac bincomact dcjc {brqbibdfbiqbt m'=66>& v Obrimtdcib '=66>& ) Cqrm filcrjmdfi bt b rbtqmac ab Aftqrfqc Mrlbrc ab Ej 77, {brc ofbi }b {carmi {brqbibdbr v

`m bw{brfbidfm v b dcicdfjfbiqc ab rbm, ma}frfamt, {cr b mqcr dcitqfqfr cqrc aftqrfqc mrlbrc, {cr dmiqc aflfbrb ab Ej 77, bi bab btqb btqafc, bi ct mct ab qrmomhc bi m rbnfi) qf{c ab jfibrmfxmdfi, bi `ct jbqmcqbdqct `fqcnfdct vQf{c`cnm ab `ct vmdfjfbiqct8 Bi `m lfnrm ?, tb {rbtbiqm `m btqrdqrmbt, `c }b b|fabidfm i dciqbwqc nbcqbdqifdc abofdmdfi ab `ct aflbrbiqbt aftqrfqct mrlbrct v, m jmibrm ab lcrjmdfi aflbrbiqb)bhbj{c bi m qmom F tb rb{rbtbiqm m filcrjmdfi {rcadqc ab Bi mnict aftqrfqct, dcjc bt b dmtc ab Aftqrfqc Mrlbrc ab Ejmi ftft ab Aftqrfqc Mrlbrc B Dm`mc) 77 v b Aftqrfqc Mrlbrc Jmr~mif*\b |mi Dmrmt, bwftqbi jt ab

NBCJFIMT, mnctqc ?;=; =;=

Mi`ftft qf{c`nfdc ab `ct vmdfjfbiqct crcnifdct ab crc )))

Lfnrm ?) Rofdmdfi ab `ct Aftqrfqct Mrlbrct)

i jcabc ab vmdfjfbiqc bi b jftjcaftqrfqc, aciab mabjt ab `mjfibrmfxmdfi bi xcimt ab dfxm`mtdci {rbtbidfm ab dmrocimqct v omhcdciqbifac ab tlrct, gmv ab{tfqctab t`lrct jmtf|ct v#c ofbi|fidmact m dbr{ct dfact }btfr|bi dcjc lbiqb ab dmcr)Bi blbdqc, bi \b|mi Dmrmt m

jfibrmfxmdfi tb bidbiqrm bi |bqmtab dmrxc m dciqmdqc biqrb acttqcdet nrmiqfdct }b fiqrtfcimrcimt rcdmt |cdifdmt ab m LcrjmdfiDmom`m{b, dcitqfqvbiac `mt rcdmtnrmiqfdmt `mt lbiqbt ab dmcr }b{rc|cd `m mqbrmdfi gfarcqbrjm v,d c i t b d b i q b j b i q b , ` mjfibrmfxmdfi)Fnm`jbiqb, bi b |m`b ab rcJmr~mif , mabjt ab `mjfibrmfxmdfi mrlbrm bi m xcim abdfxm`m ab afrbddfi IC*TB, tbabqbrjfi `m {rbtbidfm ab tlrctjmtf|ct) Bi nbibrm ct btqafct

mrrchmi }b ct ab{tfqct btqafmacttb {babi mnr{mr bi qrbt jcabct8crc crcnifdc, {rlfact ab crc v

dcorb*crc v tlrct jmtf|ct |cdifdct 'Qmom FF&)@ct ab{tfqct crcnifdct bi dmrocimqct v omhc dciqbifac ab tlrct tb bidbiqrmi bi mt xcimt ab dfxm mt) Btqb qf{c ab ab{tfqcbtq {rbtbiqb bi ct cdgc aftqrfqct mrlbrct) @ct b}f|mbiqbt jiafmbt ic tci tc ab [rcqbrcxcfdc, tfic }b |mi abtab bMr}bcxcfdc gmtqm b Lmibrcxcfdc)@ct ab{tfqct ab {rlfact ab crc v dcorb*crc gmi tfac abqbrjfimact bi @mt Drftqfimt v Orftmt ab Dvi ab Aftqrfqc Mrlbrc Ej 77)M if|b jiafm ct ab{tfqct b}f|mbiqbt, dvm bama |m abtab b Mr}bcxcfdc m _bdfbiqb, tb bidbiqrmi8 RTM, Mrnbiqfim,Fiacibtfm, [m{m, Ib|m Nfibm v Nvmim)

[cr qfjc, `ct ab{tfqct ab tlrct jmtf|ct |cdifdct, qmjofi ab bama [rcqbrcxcfdm biqrb ?)=*=,7 N)m), tb `cdmfxmi bi `ctaftqrfqct ab Jmr~mif, @m Dmjcrrm*B Acrmac v b Ej 77, @mt Drftqfim*Orftmt ab Dvi) @ct ab{tfqct m ct dmbt tb gmdbrblbrbidfm bi btqb jcabc |mi abtab b Mr}bcxcfdc m _bdfbiqb dci m mtcdfmdfi ab bbjbiqct D*[o*XiMnM) Dcjc bhbj{cttb qfbibi ct D)_)\) ab Nmrmvct, {brqbibdfbiqbt m [rbdjorfdc Ocf|fmic, Efaa Drbbev Lfi Lcrfam ab Dmima, rfc Qfiqc ab Bt{mm

v fiav Drmnnv ab Dmima)

DCID@RTFCIBT3Tb gm abqbrjfimac ab `m rb|ftfi ofofcnrlfdm, dcitfabrmiac {rfidf{mjbiqb `ct qrmomhct ab Ncalmro bq m) '=666,?;;;& tbftjcabct jiafmbt ab ab{tfqct ab crc v ab ct dmbt tc qrbt ab b ct, mnr{mact bi cdgc aftqrfqct mrlbrct, gmtqm ct btqafctmdqmbt, gmi tfac qf{flfdmact bi m Nmvmim |bibxcmim)3Ab mdbrac m mt mtcdfmdfcibt ab bbjbiqct, qcac fiafdm }b ct vmdfjfbiqct btqafmact v {cqbidfmbt, tfqmact m btqb ab rcDmrcif, bi ct D)_)\) tbni b miftft ab ct jbqmcqbdqct, tci ab qf{ct gf{cqbrjmbt m jbtcqbrjmbt)3@ct qf{ct ab ab{tfqct v vmdfjfbiqct ab ct cdgc aftqrfqct mrlbrct tb {babi mnr{mr bi qrbt jcabct nbiqfdct8 crc crcnifdc,{rlfact ab crc v dcorb*crc v tlrct jmtf|ct |cdifdct tfi dcitfabrmr ct {mbc*{mdbrbt v ct {mdbrbt dmqbrimrfct) Tc bi qrbtab ct aftqrfqct mrlbrct tb abqbrjfi m {rbtbidfm ab act jcabct aflbrbiqbt8 m& Bi @mt Drftqfimt*Ej 778 crc crcnifdc, crc v{rlfact ab dcorb*crc v tlrct jmtf|ct) o& Bi @m Dmjcrrm*B Acrmac8 crc crcnifdc v tlrct jmtf|ct |cdifdct) d& Jmr~mif*\b|mi Dmrmt8 crc crcnifdc, t lrct jmtf|ct)

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=;? NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

Qmo`m F)Jbqm`cqbdqct ab` Aftqrfqc M rlbrc B` Dm``mc

Qmo`m FF)Jcab`ct ab `ct ab{tfqct btqafmact)

B) Tm`mxmr

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NBCJFIMT, mnctqc ?;=; =;4

Mi`ftft qf{c`nfdc ab `ct vmdfjfbiqct crcnifdct ab crc )))

3Ab miftft dmfqmqf|c ab ct jm{mt nbcnfdct aft{cifobt m MIQM_DQFDM&) Aft{cifob bi8 gqq{8##~~~)nccnb)dcj#btdmm =8?2;);;; v dcitfabrmiac m filcrjmdfi nbcnfdm ab ct nca obmrfin |bfifin fieba qc qrmitdrtqm lmq xcibt fi qgbvmdfjfbiqct dcicdfact bi `ct aflbrbiqbt aftqrfqct mrlbrct tb qrmitmiqmrdqfd jciqmfit 'icrqgbri |fdqcrfm `mia,b|fabidfm }b b acjfifc btqrdqrm {rbacjfimiqb {mrm b miqmrdqfdm{albj{mxmjfbiqc ab mt jfibrm fxmdfcibt dcrrbt{ciab m `m Ncalmro, _) '=666&) Crcnbifd Nc`a Ab{ctfqt8 M [brt{bdqf|bafrbddfi ab mt nrmiabt lm`mt I2; *>; B, I*T v I4; *12 C) Qgrcng T{mdb mia Q fjb ) Aft{cifo`b bi83B miftft ab ct jbqmcqbdqct gm {brjfqfac bwqbiabr b rbm ab gqq{8##~~~)tjban)crn)m#cdq66)gqj``ct Aftqrfqct mrlbrct, `c }b abjbtqrm }b dcitqfqvbi im Ncalmro, _)H), '?;;;&)Qbdqcifd Tbqqfint mia Qbj{crm` B|c`qfcigbrrmjfbiqm liamjbiqm {mrm m bw{crmdfi) cl Crcnbifd Nc`a Ab{ctfqt) 4= Fiq Nbc) Dcin) _fc ab

Hmibfrc, Ormtf) ?;;;)

_BDCJBIAMDFCIBT Nrc|bt, A) F), \fbrbfdgbr, _) J), Ncalmro, _) H), v Dciafb, E) D)Dciqfimr dci b miftft qf{cnfdc ab `ct vmdfjfbiqct v '?;;2&) Dciqrc`t ci qgb Gbqbrcnbibct Aftqrfoqfci clab{tfqct mrlbrct bi m Nmvmim |bibxcmim m tr ab {mrmbc Jfibrm` Ab{ctfqt Qgrcng Qfjb) Aft{cifo`b bi8?&) Nbc`cnm ab `m _bnfi B` Acrmac*MimdcdcG*mrq, D) H) _), v Ncalmro, _) H) '?;;2&) Aftqfinftgfin Fiqrtfci*

Ocqmimjc, Btqmac Oc`|mr) J)B)J) [o) Bt{) {) =67*?;

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=;1 NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=;

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Mjofbiqb

B@ [M_MAFNJM AB@ ABTM__C@@C TCTQBIFO@B BI \BIBXRB@M ABTAB @M[B_T[BDQF\M AB @M BARDMDFI MJOFBIQM@

QGB [M_MAFNJ CL TRTQMFIMO@B AB\B@C[JBIQ FI \BIBXRB@M L_CJBI\F_CIJBIQM@ BARDMQFCI [B_T[BDQF\B

=Dmr`ct \m`brfc _chmt_bdfofac8 =1**=;)

_BTRJBIB` btqafc {brtfnf b` cohbqc ab mim`fxmr `m qrmtdbiabidfm ab` {mrmafnjm ab` abtmrrc``c tctqbifo`b bi\bibxb`m abtab m {brt{bdqf|m ab m badmdfi mjofbiqm`, bt abdfr, m bhbrdfam {cr mt if|brtfamabt ab`{mt, {cr tbr `ct dbiqrct nbibrmacrbt ab` tmobr, lcrjmacrbt ab` qm`biqc gjmic v ab qrmitlbrbidfm ab`dcicdfjfbiqc) B` bitmvc lb mim`qfdc, fiqbr{rbqmqf|c v gbrjbiqfdc, mlfmixiactb bi b` bwmjbi ab `mrbm`fama dcj{`bhm imdfcim`) @ct gm``mxnct coqbifact ami dbiqm ab m bwftqbidfm ab dfbrqmt `fjfqmiqbt ab``cnrc ab btb fj{brmqf|c8 fidj{`fjfbiqc ab `m icrjmqf|m `bnm` bwftqbiqb, btdmtc dcicdfjfbiqc tcorb b`tfniflfdmac, lfim`famabt v m`dmidbt ab` jcab`c5 {rbacjfifc ab` bilc}b {ctfqf|ftqm rbadqcr bi `mbitbmixm*m{rbiafxmhb5 rbmddfi m` dmjofc ab {mrmafnjm v rbtqrfddfcibt ab m nbrbidfm mdmajfdm {mrmfitbrqmr bi `m drrfd`m `m qbjqfdm) Dcid`fjct, }b `m dcidrbdfi ab` rblbrfac jcab`c, t`c {bab tbr

{ctfo`b, bi v m qrm|t ab ct btqmo`bdfjfbiqct if|brtfqmrfct ab m imdfi)[m`mormtd`m|b8 Abtmrrc``c tctqbifo`b, bdcdrftft, badmdfi mjofbiqm`, {mrmafnjm, {brt{bdqf|m)

MOTQ_MDQgb tqav ~mt mfjba qc mim`vxb qgb tfniflfdmidb cl qgb {mrmafnj cl ttqmfimo`b ab|b`c{jbiq fi \bibxb`mlrcj bi|frcijbiqm` badmqfci {brt{bdqf|b, qgmq ft qc tmv, bwbrqba ov qgb dciqrv.t if|brtfqfbt, tfidb qgbtbmrb nbibrmqfin dbiqbrt cl eic~`banb, gjmi qm`biq qrmfibrt mia qrmitlbr eic~`banb) Qgft bttmv ~mtmim`vqfdm`, fiqbr{rbqf|b mia gbrjbibqfd, t{{crqfin ci qgb rb|fb~ cl qgb imqfcim` dcj{`bw rbm`fqv) Qgblfiafint mddciq lcr qgb bwftqbidb cl dbrqmfi fjfqmqfcit cl qgb mdgfb|bjbiq cl qgft dgm``binb8 ici*bwftqfin`bnm` rbn`mqfcit, `mde cl eic~`banb mocq qgb jbmifin, {r{ctb mia tdc{b cl qgb jcab`, rbadfinacjfimidb cl qgb {ctfqf|ftq m{{rcmdg fi qbmdgfin mia `bmrifin5 rbmdqfci qc dgminb {mrmafnj miarbtqrfdqfcit cl mdmabjfd jmimnbjbiq qc fitbrq qgb tohbdq fiqc qgb drrfd`j) ^b dcid`aba qgmq qgbrbm`fxmqfci cl tdg jcab` dmi ci`v ob {cttfo`b fi mia qgrcng qgb if|brtfqfbt cl qgb imqfci)Ebv ~crat8Bdcdrftft, bi|frcijbiqm` badmqfci, {mrmafnj, {brt{bdqf|m, ttqmfimo`b ab|b`c{jbiq)

= @dacTcdfc`, Ar) [rclbtcr Qfq`mr) RAC*Mixcqbnf) b*jmf 8dmrctft|rKnjmf)dcj

NBCJFIMT, \c`) 47, I2?, mnctqc ?;=; =;2

FIQ_CARDDFI

B dcidb{qc ab abtmrrc`c tctqbifo`b ab|fbib ab mc =67>, dcjc{rcadqc ab m Dcjftfi Jiafm {mrm b Mjofbiqb v b Abtmrrc` c' DBA&, qmjofi aftqfinfam dcjc m Dcjftfi Oriaqmia, bi=67> m qrm|t ab t filcrjb8 Ibtqrc Lqrc Dcji, m dm bnmm btqfjmr m fj{crqmidfm ab t dciqrfodfi bi b dcitqrdqc ab`abtmrrc`c tctqbifob m if|b fiqbrimdfcim, qbifbiac bi dbiqm cttfnfbiqbt bbjbiqct8 =& @m Jftfi ablfib *dfbrqmjbiqb* m dcrrbt*{citmoffama ab mt nbibrmdfcibt {rbtbiqbt bi m ot}bam vm{fdmdfi ab mqbrimqf|mt ab abtmrrc`c {mrm mt mdqmbt v |b*ifabrmt nbibrmdfcibt, |bmiac {cr m {rcadqf|fama ab ct bdctft*qbjmt ofcaf|brtct v tt rbdrtct5 ?& @cnr, }b tb fiqbrimfxmtb}b b {rcobjm ab m rbaddfi ab m {corbxm bi ct {boct dcibdcicjmt jt aofbt, bidmrimrm b qbjm rmafdm ab m tctqbif*offama jiafm v 4& [ctfof fq, }b tb rbdcicdfbrm b htqc rbdmjcab rbcrabimjfbiqc ab m rbnmdfi ab dcjbrdfc fiqbrimdfcim v ab

mt bjftfcibt ab dm{fqm, dci jfrmt ab nmrmiqfxmr im jmvcr {mrqf*df{mdfi blbdqf|m ab qmbt {mtbt abiqrc ab btm ib|m rbmfama bdc*ijfdm ncom, btdmrbdfbiac, }b m btqrmqbnfm fib}|cdm {mrmcnrmr btb fj{brmqf|c, c dcitqfqm m badmdfi mjofbiqm {mrm mtctqbifoffama)Qmi tfniflfdmqf|ct cnrct tci dcrrcocrmact bi m Djorb ab mQfbrrm, m qrm|t ab m Mnbiam WWF, mt{fdfmam {cr m Dcilbrbidfmab mt Imdfcibt Rifamt {mrm b Mjofbiqb v Abtmrrc c 'RIDBA& vb [rcnrmjm ab Imdfcibt Rifamt {mrm b Jbafc Mjofbiqb'[IRJM&, rbmfxmam bi _c ab Hmibfrc, Ormtf, bi =66?) Mtfjftjc,mjomt biqfamabt dbbormi, im admam abt{t, bt abdfr, b ?;;?bi Hcgmiibtornc, Talrfdm, i b|biqc ab tfjf mr jmnifqa,aciab qmjofi bt abt{iqmam m qrmtdbiabidfm dmrafim ab{rcdbtc ab badmdfi mjofbiqm, dcjc {fmr fiaft{bitmob bi m

dcitqrddfi ab {mrmafnjm ab abtmrrc`c tctqbifob, qcam |bx

}b tqb dcitqfqvb i rbm ab tmobr {rfcrfqmrfc qbiabiqb mlcrjmr fiqbnrm`jbiqb m m dfamamim abtab im |ftfibdcnfdm, dcj{bhm, drqfdm v tftqjfdm5 dci jfrmt ab crfbiqmr vrbmfjbiqmr, dciqfimjbiqb, b qrmitdrtc, abtqmdmiac, }btqb tb dbiqrm bi m jbhcrm dciqfim ab m dcitbr|mdfi vablbitm ab m imqrmbxm v tt rbdrtct, c dm fj{fdm,rbt{bqmr m dm{mdfama {rcadqf|m ab ct bdctftqbjmt dcjcnmrmiqm fiaft{bitmo`b {mrm b mtbnrmjfbiqc ab `maft{cifoffama ab rbdrtct v ab tbr|fdfct {mrm m dcitbr|mdfiab m ofcaf|brtfama {mibqmrfm '_bba, =66

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Nbibrmbt, mrqdc ?=, ijbrm ?, cotbr* gjmimt otfdmt, tf tb qfbib bi dbiqm m mt Imdfcibt Rifamt {mrm b Jbafc Mj*|m, }b mt ib|mt crnmifxmdfcibt dcj* mnam drftft bdcijfdc*lfimidfbrm v b ofbiqb '[IRJM&, {rdqfdmjbiqb, abtab mifqmrfmt abobri dbiqrmrtb bi m {rcdrm lbijbic ab `m btdmtm {rcaddfi ab Dcilbrbidfm ab Btqcdcjc, Tbdfm '=6>?&,ab fiqbrt dcbdqf|c bi obiblfdfc ab abtm* mfjbiqct {mrm im {comdfi dmam |bx {mtmiac {cr m Djorb ab _c ab Hmibfrc,rrc`c ttqbiqmo`b v tctqbifo`b ab qm`bt bi* jmvcr v abtmtftqfam5 b `cnrc ab i drb* Ormtf '=66?&, gmtqm `bnmr m Hcgmiibt*qrmjmact gjmict) Mtfjftjc, m ib|m dfjfbiqc v jbhcrm totqmidfm ab m bdc* ornc, Talrfdm '?;;?&, tfi c|famr m fiqb*@bv ab Badmdfi '?;;6&, bi t btqrdqrm icjm ncom {cr {mrqb ab `mt aflbrbiqbt nrmfama ab b|biqct ncombt, rbnfcimbt vcrnmifxmdfcim, dcjc cqrmt rbdfbiqbt b* imdfcibt ab crob, tb dci|fbrqb bi im cdmbt rbmfxmact bi qcac b {mibqm bivbt rbdcicdbi b rc {rcqmnifdc ab Bt* qc{m, miqb b fidrbjbiqc, am m am, ab m obiblfdfc ab cnrc ab qmi m{rbjfmiqb

qmac |bibxcmic bi m {bt}ftm v nbtqfi {corbxm, m btdmtm {rcadqf|fama bj{rb* cohbqf|c)ab gbrrmjfbiqmt dcnictdfqf|mt, |mrfdmt v tmrfm ab ofbibt v tbr|fdfct, b abtbj{bc, Bi ablfifqf|m, b {rbtbiqb m{crqb tfniflfdmjbqcacnfdmt ab icqmob btqmqt b{ftqb* biqrb cqrct lmnbct5 rbaddfi ab m qmtm i miftft ab {mrmafnjm ab abtmrrc` cjc`nfdc, lm|crmobt m dcitqrdqc ab ab* ab drbdfjfbiqc {co`mdfcim v t dcidbi* tctqbifo`b bi \bibxbm abtab `m {brt*tmrrc`c tctqbifo`b, m qrm|t ab m badm* qrmdfi bi rbmt nbcnrlfdmt fimabdm* {bdqf|m ab m badmdfi mjofbiqm lmdffqm*dfi mjofbiqmftqm, fj{dfqmjbiqb, bi v amt, {mrqfdmrjbiqb, bi {mtbt toabtm* am bi ct dbiqrct if|brtfqmrfct {ofdct vabtab mt if|brtfamabt, qmiqc {ofdmt rrc` mact5 {rb|ftfi ab rbdrtct lfimidfb* {rf|mact ab {mt, dci dcj{bqbidfmt bi8 mdcjc {rf|mamt, fitqfqfamt bi `m fiqbnrmf* rct {mrm m fi|btqfnmdfi qbdic`nfdm |mi* fi|btqfnmdfi, `m bitbmixm, b dcicdf*ama ab qbrrfqcrfc imdfcim, abofbiac, {rb* nmraftqm v m lcrjmdfi ab qm`biqc gjm* jfbiqc v ct tbr|fdfct mdmajfdct)|fmjbiqb, tc|biqmr m`nimt aftlidfcibt ic, rbtqm cibrctc {mrm m}b`ct {boctab crabi nbrbidfm v lidfcim }b {rbtbi* jmrdmact {cr im ommixm ab {mnct aof JBQCAC@CNMqmi) v {cr im abam bwqbrim b fiqbrim mt* B qrmomhc lb ab iacb mimqfdm, fiqbr{rb*

lfwfmiqbt5 m fnm, }b blbdqmr icqmobt qmqf|m v gbrjbiqfdm bi b qrmqmjfbiqc ab`[@MIQBMJFBIQC AB@ [_CO@BJM fi|brtfcibt bi `m rbtqmrmdfi v b m{rc* mtiqc fi|btqfnmac, qmiqc bi t ncomfama@m tcdfbama ncom mtftqb m im mnam |bdgmjfbiqc rmdfcim ab bdctftqbjmt mi* dcjc bi tt b`bjbiqct dcnictdfqf|ct,bdcdrftft, birmfxmam, {rfidf{m`jbiqb, bi m qbt dmrmdqbrfxmact {cr t {rcadqf|fama |mrfdct v {rcdbafjbiqmbt ab crabi c*jcabrifama }b morb {mtc m m frrmdfcim v bdcnfdm) dm) B {rcdbtc fi|btqfnmqf|c, fnmjbiqb,abtjbafam rb|cdfi fiatqrfmftqm ab Bt c{crqic bilmqfxmr, }b afdgm lbicjb* bidciqr m{cvc bi `m fiamnmdfilfim`bt ab tfn`c W\FFF, mlfidmam bi t iccnm, ic gm tdbafac bi lcrjm mbm* acdjbiqm)rmdfcimfama qdifdm fitqrjbiqm {ctfqf* qcrfm, {btqc }b gm |bifac dciqmiac dci|ftqm8 bw{`cqmacrm, bw{rc{fmacrm v ab{rb* `m dcj{fdfama ab im btdb`m filbidfm* AFTDRTFI AB _BTR@QMACTamacrm ab ct aftqfiqct bdctftqbjmt tcdfc* am, fnm`jbiqb, {cr b {ctfqf|ftjc rbad* @m {rmwft {bamnnfdm bi \bibxb`m, tbmjofbiqmbt ab {mibqm) @m jftjm, gm |b* qcr, ibnmacr ab m `fobrqma v m dm{mdfama dmrmdqbrfxm, bi qrjfict nbibrmbt, {cr mifac bj{hmiac i dcihiqc ab tbdbmt, drbmacrm b fiic|macrm ab badmiac5 am* bwftqbidfm ab mnamt aftlidfcibt, }b}b {cibi bi rfbtnc `m ofcaf|brtfama, fi* ac b dmrdqbr rb{bqfqf|c, jbjcrftqm, ac* mjbrfqmi aftdtfi v rbtc`dfi8 jmrdmacdtf|b ab m jftjm bt{bdfb gjmim8 jbtqfdmacr v jcicqfdc ab afdgm {rmwft if|b ab bwdtfi, rb{fqbidfm v abtbrdfigmjorim, jftbrfm, {corbxm, dmjofc df* {bamnnfdm) [cr btc, `m badmdfi, bt* btdc`mr5 btdmtm {mrqfdf{mdfi ab mt crnm*jqfdc, r{qrm ab m dm{m ab cxcic, ab* {bdlfdmjbiqb m if|brtfqmrfm, abob iqrfr* ifxmdfcibt dcjifqmrfmt bi b {rcdbtc abtbrqflfdmdfi, aftqfiqmt lcrjmt ab dciqmjf* tb ab im ib|m {cqfdm {mrm i lqrc {miflfdmdfi v qcjm ab abdftfcibt figb*imdfi ab mfrb, ab `ct tbct, ab mnm5 jt gjmic dci tbiqfac ab8 {c{mrfama, rbiqb m abtmrrc` c ab m {rmwft {bamnnf*rbm{mrfdfi ab bilbrjbamabt btqfjmamt bjmidf{mdfi, drfqfdfama, abjcdrmdfm, dm5 bwftqbidfm ab i drrdc fidcibwc,

{cr m Crnmifxmdfi Jiafm ab m Tma dmjofc v qrmitlcrjmdfi ab m tcdfbama bi abtmdqmfxmac v af|crdfmac ab m dcj{b*'CJT& dcjc bwqfiqmt, biqrb cqrct blbdqct mrjcim tfjofqfdm dci t biqcric5 bi qr* hm rbmfama imdfcim, rbnfcim v jiafm5ibnmqf|ct) jfict ab m jwfjm tcfamrfama, fiqbrd* ct m{rbiafxmhbt coqbifact {cr ct bnrbtm*M btb rbt{bdqc, ct jt dcit{fdct fab* qrmfama, {mx, htqfdfm v qrmtdbiabidfm5 bi* act ab tftqbjm ic bidbiqrmi m{fdmoff*`cnct v ablbitcrbt ab m jcabrifama dci* qbiafac tqb dcjc i thbqc tcdfc* ama bi m mqbidfi v tc`dfi ab m {rcob*dfobi *brrqfdmjbiqb* m m imqrmbxm dc* gftqrfdc, bt abdfr, {miflfdmacr v rbdqcr ab jqfdm tcdfcbdcijfdm, dqrm, qbdic*jc im biqfama fiajfqm v tm`|mhb, {brc t {rc{fc abtqfic 'Lrbfrb, =667&) dfbiqlfdm, qfdm v mjofbiqm ab {mt v trfdm b filfifqm bi rbdrtct v jmqbrfmt {rf* Biqrb mt tmfamt mqbrimqf|mt jmibhmamt biqcric5 rbmddfi m dmjofc {mrmafnjqf*jmt, {mrm fj{`tmr v nmrmiqfxmr b ab* {cr ct {mtbt v tt biqbt nobrimjbiqm* dc, jmvcrjbiqb, {cr {mrqb ab m nbrbidfmtmrrc`c filfifqc b fiabqbifo`b ab imdfbiqb bt {mrm dcilrciqmr m bdcdrftft v {ctfoffqmr badmqf|m5 m{bnc co|fc m bilc}b {ctfqf*jcabc ab abtmrrc`c dm{fqmftqm, magfrfi* b abtmrrc`c tctqbifo`b, tb qfbib m fiqbnrm* |ftqm*mft`mdfciftqm ab m jcabrifama v m tactb m bjm8qcac c }b bt qdifdmjbiqb dfi ab {rcdbtct badmqf|c*mjofbiqmft* rmdfcimfama qdifdm*fitqrjbiqm*jbdm*{ctfo`b bt qfdmjbiqb abtbmob, htqflf* qmt, afijfdct |brflfdmact {cr `mt crnm* ifdftqm, ab }bgmdbr {bamnnfdc v dfbiq*dmiac dci btqb btqbrbcqf{c qcam m ifxmdfcibt btdcmrbt, dcjc mt if|brtf* lfdc, }b m{mmidmac bi im nbtqfi ac*mrrbjbqfam abtqrdqf|m bj{rbiafam, amabt bi b qfbj{c v bi b bt{mdfc bi jbtqfdmacrm, omidmrfm, jbjcrftqm v dmt*

otfdmjbiqb, dciqrm `m imqrmbxm v tt lcrjm tftqjfdm, fiqbrab{biafbiqb v dci* qrmacrm ab m fobrqma v m drbmqf|fama ab ctrbdrtct, tcorb qcac, bi m}b`ct {boct qfim5 m if|b ab ct bbjbiqct qbdicbdc* badmiact, biqrb cqrmt bw{rbtfcibt ab mdci bdcicjmt jt ab{m{brmamt ab ijfdct, tcdfcd qrm bt v bdcnfdct }b {rcobjqfdm 'Btq, ?;;

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fi|btqfnmr v bidciqrmr lrjmt bw{bafqmt {mrm im ib|m rmdfc* {brqfibiqbt {mrm m dcitqrddfi ab abtmrrc`c tctqbifo`b bi b`imfama qfdm5 qbdiccnmt jt blfdfbiqbt5 {miflfdmdfi ab mt {mt, c dm ic bn m t blbdqf|m dcidrbdfi)mdqf|famabt gjmimt mtcdfmamt dci b abtmrrc c tcdfcbdcijf*dc m mrnc {mxc 'Dm|bc, =667&) DCID@RTFCIBTDci rbmdfi m crfnbi v qrmitdrtc tcdfc*gftqrfdc ab m badm* Ab mdbrac dci i miftft fiqbr{rbqmqf|c v gbrjbiqfdc rbm*dfi mjofbiqm bi \bibxbm, {cabjct tbmmr }b tqm qfbib t fxmac tcorb m qbjqfdm ab {mrmafnjm ab abtmrrc`c tctqbifo`bnibtft bi m {cdm dccifm, dcjc {cabjct m{rbdfmr bi m Cr* bi \bibxbm abtab m {brt{bdqf|m ab m badmdfi mjofbiqm,abimixm ab Dmofac ab Dmrmdmt ab lbdgm ?6 ab Morf ab =261, tb {rfjcrafm`jbiqb, mabmiqmam bi mt fitqfqdfcibt if|brtfqmrfmtgmdb dcitqmr }b m fitqfqdfi {rcgfom }b b mnm ab mt qbib* ab m imdfi, {cabjct dcidfr, }b b {rcdbtc ab dcitqrddfirmt lbrm ab|bqm m mt mdb}fmt, tfbiac {bimfxmam afdgm ab ct omtmjbiqct qbrfdc*b{ftqbjcnfdct v jbqcacnfdct ab

{rdqfdm dci im jqm ab afbx {btct crc mabjt ab m bfjfim* m badmdfi mjofbiqmftqm bi b {mt, bj{rbiafact bi lidfidfi ab m qbibrm {cr dbiqm ab rbt{citmob 'Ab ct _ct, =664&) ab cnrc ab btb jbibtqbr, qrmadb }b mt mocrbt bj{rbiafamtBi btb dciqbwqc gftqrfdc m{rcwfjmac ab jt ab ?;; mct, abtab m admam ab ct mct tbqbiqm, b fid tf|b, `c }b gmmomrdmiqb ab {brcac fiab{biabiqftqm ab `m imdfi, abtdc`m* qrmitdrrfac armiqb b {rbtbiqb tfnc WWF, ic gm dj{fac *gmtqmjct b bnmac mjofbiqmftqm ab8 ibtqrc @fobrqmacr Tfji Oc* mgcrm* ct lfibt v cohbqf|ct {brtbnfact abtab m Dcilbrbidfm ab|mr, Tfji _carnbx, Miart Ob`c, Hmi Jmib Dmhfnm, bi* Btqcdc`jc, gmtqm m Djorb ab Hcgmiibtornc, mabjt ab ctqrb cqrct, }fbibt tb aftqfinbi {cr bidmrimr ct crfnfimrfct {rb* aftqfiqct b|biqct mjofbiqmftqmt crnmifxmact, dcjc `c gmi rb*drtcrbt ab `ct jc|fjfbiqct {rc|fabidfmbt ab dcitbr|mdfi, {rbtbiqmac ct Dcinrbtct Fobrcmjbrfdmict ab Badmdfi Mj*ablbitm v jbhcrmjfbiqc ab `m imqrm`bxm v tt rbdrtct v `m ofbiqm rbmfxmact, fnm`jbiqb, dci b mt{fdfc ab `mdmfama ab |fam gjmim m qrm|t ab im badmdfi {c{mr, RIBTDC#[IRJM, bi lm|cr ab m dcilfnrmdfi ab btb {mrmafn*drqfdm, qrmitlcrjmacrm v bjmidf{macrm) jm ab imqrmbxm8 qbdic*bdcijfdm, tcd