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  • Metrologi Industri & Kontrol Kualitas#7 Fundamentals of statisticsYusuf UmardaniLab. Metrologi IndustriTeknik Mesin Undip2010Teknik Mesin Undip

  • StatisticsIlmu pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan koleksi , tabulasi, analisa, penafsiran dan presentasi data kuantitatifSuatu koleksi data kuantitatif yang menyinggung tentang kelompok utama, khususnya ketika data secara sistematis dikumpulkan dan dibandingkan. Contoh adalah statistik tekanan darah, statistik pertandingan sepakbola dll.

  • Collection of DataDirect ObservationIndirect ObservationFor quality control purposesMarket research & public opinion pollstersVariablesAttributesQuality characteristics that are measurablee.g. weight measured in gramsQuality characteristics that are classified as either conforming or not conforming to spec.e.g. go/no go gage

  • DataContinuous DataA variable that is capable of any degree of subdivisione.g. measurement such as kg, meters, liters pascalWeight: 11 kg, 11,33 kg, 11, 3398 kgContinuous data are measureableDiscrete DataVariables that exhibit gapse.g. number of conforming rivets : 0,3 , 5, 10, 96, 4,65Discrete data are countable

  • Describing the DataThese data are difficult to use and are not effective in describing the datas characteristics

    01300054121020021112040310340013012

  • Frequency distribution

    Number nonconformingTabulationFrequency0IIII IIII III131IIII IIII92IIII53IIII44III35I1

  • Grouped Data

  • RangeR = 2,575 2,531 = 0,044

  • Cell IntervalOdd interval : 0,001; 0,07; 0,5 or 3 is recommendedNumber of cellsThe best

  • Cell Midpoints

  • Tingkat Proses Rata-rata dan Variabilitas Proses Tingkat Proses Rata-rata : Harga pertengahan dimana karakteristik produk (proses produksi berjalan normal) terdistribusi di harga tersebutVariabilitas Proses : Derajat penyebaran di sekitar pertengahanGambar 5.1

  • Common CausesSpecial Causes

  • Ketepatan Proses Acuannya : Daerah ToleransiProses Berketepatan Rendah: Proses yang tidak dikehendaki Akan selalu ada produk yang karakteristiknya di luar toleransi Untuk menjamin kualitas produk diperiksa satu per satuGambar 5.2

  • Proses Berketepatan Menengah: Proses ini akan menghasilkan produk yang hampir semuanya dianggap baikGambar 5.2

  • Proses Berketepatan Tinggi: Jika proses diyakini masih berjalan normal, pengukuran cukup dengan sampelGambar 5.2

  • Gambar 5.5

  • Analytical Methods of Describing a Collection of dataMeasures of central tendencyMeasures of dispersion

  • A Measure of central tendencyA numerical value that describes the central position of the data or how the data tend to build up in the centerAverageMedianMode

  • AverageUngrouped DataGrouped Data

  • AverageWeighted Average

  • MedianUngrouped technique3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 8 , 10Grouped technique

  • ModeMode (Mo) adalah Nilai dgn frekwensi terbesar3,3,4,5,5,5,7 Mo = 522,23,25,30,32,36 Mo = tdk ada105,105,105,107,108,109,109,109,110 Mo = 105 & 1091 Mode disebut unimodal2 mode disebut Binodallebih dari 2 disebut multimodal

  • Measures of DispersionRange : Selisih nilai terbesar dan terkecilR = XH XLStandar deviasi:

    *