daftar pustaka - diponegoro...
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58
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Isbagio H, Albar Z, Kasjmir YI, et al. Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik. Dalam:
Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, et al, editor. Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid III.
Edisi kelima. Jakarta: Interna Publishing, 2009 ; 2565-2579.
2. Yoga I Kasjmir, Kusworini Handono, Linda Kurniaty. Diagnosis dan pengelolaan
LES rekomendasi perhimpunan reumatologi Indonesia. Available from:
3. Sharon A Chambers, Elizabeth Allen, Anisur Rahman and David Isenberg.
Damage and mortality in a group of British patients with systemic lupus
erythematosus followed up for over 10 years. Rheumatology 2009;48:673–675.
4. Stoll T, Seifert B, Isenberg DA. SLICC/ACR Damage Index Is Valid, And Renal
And Pulmonary Organ Scores Are Predictors Of Severe Outcome In Patients
With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Br J Rheumatol. 1996 Mar;35(3):248-54.
5. S Khanna, H Pal, R.M Pandey. The relationship between disease activity and
quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology 2004;43:1536–
1540.
6. T Stoll, N Sutcliffe1, J Mach, et al. Analysis of the relationship between disease
activity and damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus—a 5-yr
prospective study. Rheumatology 2004;43:1039–1044.
7. Manson JJ, Isenberg DA. The Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. J
Netherl Med 2003;61(11):343-346.
8. Silva C, Isenberg DA. Etiology and pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Hospt Pharm 2001;7:1-7.
9. AJG Swaak, HG Van Den Brink. RJT Smeenk, et al. Systemic lupus
erythematosus: clinical features in patients with a disease duration of over 10
years, first evaluation. Rheumatology 1999;38:953-958.
59
10. Zvezdanovic L, Dordevic V, Cosic V, et al. The significance of cytokines in
diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Jugoslov Med Biohem 2006;25:363-372.
11. Eisenberg H. SLE-Rituximab in lupus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2003; 5(4): 157–159.
12. Mok CC, Lau CS. Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Pathol
2003;56:481-490.
13. Sequeira JF, Keser G, Greenstein B, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus: sex
hormones in male patients. Lupus 1993;2:315–17.
14. McMurry RW, May W (2003) Sex hormones and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:2100-10.
15. Kanda N, Tamaki K. Estrogen enhances immunoglobulin production by human
peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:282–8.
16. Kanda N, Tsuchida T, Tamaki K. Estrogen enhancement of anti-double-stranded
DNA antibody and immunoglobulin G production in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis
Rheum 1999;42:328–37.
17. Bertsias G, Cervera R, Boumpas DT. Systemic lupus erythematosus:
pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. Eular 2012;20:476-505.
18. Sahin A. Mycophenolate Mofetil in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus. EAJM 2009;41:180-185.
19. Zandmann-Goddard G, Levy Y, Shoenfeld Y. Intravenous immunoglobulin
therapy and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2005
Dec;29(3):219-28.
20. Freire EAM, Souto LM, Chiconelli RM. Assesments Measures in Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus. Rev Bras Reumatol 2011;51(1):70-80.
21. Dafna Gladman, Ellen Ginzler, Charles Goldsmith, et al. The development and
initial validation of the systemic lupus international collaborating
clinics/American college of rheumatology damage index for systemic lupus
erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:363-369.
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22. Rekha Lopez, Julie ED, Matthew DB, et al. Lupus disease activity and the risk of
subsequent organ damage and mortality in a large lupus cohort. Rheumatology
2012;51:491_498.
23. Friska Jifanti, Alwi Mappiasse. Studi Retrospektif Lupus Eritematosus di
Subdivisi Alergi Imunologi Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP dr.
Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Periode 2005-2010. PharmaMedika 2010;2:2.
24. C Gordon. Long-term complications of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Rheumatology 2002;41:1095–1100.
25. George Bertsias, Ricard Cervera, Dimitrios T Boumpas. Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features in EULAR Textbook on
Rheumatic Diseases page 484.
26. Zahra Sayed, et al. Evaluation of Damage Index and Its Association With Risk
Factors In Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. JRMS 2011;16: 427-
432.
61
Lampiran 1. Ethical clearance
62
63
Lampiran 3. Spreedsheet data
Data identitas pasien LES
No. No.CM Alamat Jenis
Kelamin
Usia
(tahun)
1 C444418 RT.01 RW.02 Karang Turi - Guntur - Demak P 30
2 C407771 RT.04 RW.01 Krajan - Tanggungharjo - Grobogan P 36
3 C279140 RT.03 RW.01 Bumirejo - Karangawen -Demak P 25
4 C250542 RT.09 RW.07 Cilosari Dalam - Semarang Timur - Semarang P 43
5 C440322 RT.12 RW.03 Kanguru Utara - Gayamsari - Semarang P 20
6 C448422 RT.05 RW.10 Garuda - Taman - Pemalang P 25
7 C419540 RT.02 RW.03 Jolosekti - Tulis - Batang P 27
8 C422190 RT.14 RW.03 Hayam Wuruk - Mangun Harjo - Madiun P 11
9 C424321 RT.03 RW.02 Bodeh - Tegowanu - Grobogan P 20
10 C413041 RT.07 RW.01 Dopang - Pucak Wangi - Pati P 27
11 C347571 RT.04 RW.02 Pusponjolo Dalem X- Semarang Barat - Semarang P 22
12 C124761 RT.04 RW.03 Rowosari - Limpung - Batang P 36
13 C412047 RT.02 RW.03 Kedunggong - Sukolilo - Pati P 26
14 C429778 RT.03 RW.07 Bondo - Bangsiri - Jepara P 30
15 C454278 RT.01 RW.08 Cijeruk - Sragi - Pekalongan P 23
16 C339328 RT.06 RW.01 Gebugan - Bergas - Semarang P 35
17 C177418 RT.03 RW.05 Tandang - Tembalang - Semarang P 23
18 C190848 Tambak Rejo - Gayamsari - Semarang P 25
19 C417628 RT.04 RW.01 Bacem - Banjarejo - Blora P 30
20 C421411 RT.01 RW.01 Jagung Kidul - Kesesi - Pekalongan P 22
21 C410471 RT.19 RW.04 Kaladawa -Talang - Tegal P 29
22 C392700 RT.02 RW.02 Rawoh - Karang Rayung - Grobogan P 57
23 C449648 RT.01 RW.08 Lamper Tengah Raya - Semarang Tengah -
Semarang P 31
24 C409805 RT.04 RW.14 Perumdis - Sidomukti - Salatiga P 26
25 C419749 RT.01 RW.03 Karang - Juwana - Pati P 12
26 C451619 RT.02 RW.05 Krasak - Bonang - Demak P 36
27 C418193 RT.02 RW.09 Ngluwuk - Cluwak - Pati P 37
28 C364933 RT.05 RW.03 Karangasem -Wirosari - Grobogan P 46
29 C235394 RT.11 RW.03 Kauman I - Mranggen - Demak P 34
30 C434352 RT.05 RW.04 Pakujan - Paguyangan - Brebes P 29
31 C319339 RT.08 RW.19 Ratu Ratih - Pedurungan - Semarang P 22
32 C421524 RT.02 RW.02 Raji - Kota Demak - Demak P 15
33 B145494 RT.03 RW.01 Gedong Songo Timur - Semarang Barat - Semarang P 37
64
34 C359545 RT.02 RW.04 Tlogomulyo - Pedurungan - Semarang L 23
35 C143677 RT.02 RW.02 Kauman - Juwana - Pati P 23
36 C414898 Semarang P 39
37 C430801 RT.12 RW.03 Tandang - Candisari - Semarang P 30
38 C405223 RT.03 RW.05 Jrebeng - Beringin - Salatiga P 20
39 C381709 RT.03 RW.02 Tenggerdesa - Sale - Rembang P 16
40 C302939 RT.06 RW.05 Simbang - Boja - Kendal P 32
41 C239089 RT.02 RW.02 Pringapus - Pringapus - Semarang P 14
42 C431986 RT.07 RW.02 Jambon - Todanan - Blora P 20
43 C427934 RT.02 RW.01 Purwosari - Kudus Kota - Kudus P 28
65
Data diagnostik pasien LES menurut kriteria ACR 1997
No. No. CM Ruam
Malar
Ruam
Diskoid Fotosensitifitas
Ulkus
Mulut Artritis
Serositis
Pleuritis Perikarditis
1 C444418 1 1
2 C407771 1 1
3 C279140 1 1 1
4 C250542 1 1 1
5 C440322 1 1 1 1
6 C448422 1 1
7 C419540 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 C422190 1 1 1
9 C424321 1 1 1 1 1
10 C413041 1 1 1
11 C347571 1 1
12 C124761 1
13 C412047 1 1 1
14 C429778 1
15 C454278 1
16 C339328 1 1 1
17 C177418 1
18 C190848 1 1 1
19 C417628 1 1 1
20 C421411 1 1 1
21 C410471 1 1 1 1 1
22 C392700 1
23 C449648 1
24 C409805 1 1 1 1
25 C419749 1 1 1 1
26 C451619 1 1 1
27 C418193 1 1 1 1
28 C364933 1
29 C235394 1 1
30 C434352 1 1 1 1
31 C319339 1 1 1
32 C421524 1
33 B145494 1 1 1
34 C359545 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
35 C143677 1
36 C414898 1 1 1 1
37 C430801 1 1 1 1 1
38 C405223 1
39 C381709 1 1 1 1 1
40 C302939 1 1 1
66
41 C239089
42 C431986 1 1 1 1 1
43 C427934 1 1 1 1
No. Gangguan Imunologi ANA
+ Jumlah
Anti-DNA + Anti-Sm + Antibodi Antifosfolipid +
1 1 4
2 4
3 5
4 1 4
5 1 7
6 1 5
7 1 1 8
8 1 4
9 1 9
10 1 6
11 4
12 4
13 1 6
14 1 5
15 1 1 5
16 1 5
17 1 1 4
18 1 1 7
19 1 1 8
20 1 5
21 1 10
22 4
23 1 1 5
24 1 1 7
25 1 1 8
26 1 6
27 1 1 7
28 1 5
29 1 6
30 1 5
31 1 4
32 1 1 4
33 1 5
34 1 11
35 1 1 5
36 1 1 10
37 1 7
38 4
39 1 9
67
40 1 7
41 1 5
42 1 7
43 5
Data aktifitas penyakit pasien LES menurut MEX-SLEDAI di RSUP dr. Kariadi
Semarang
No. No. CM
Gangguan
Neurologis
(8)
Gangguan
Ginjal (6) Vaskulitis (4)
Hemolisis
(3)
Miositis
(3)
Artritis
(2)
1 C444418
2 C407771 2
3 C279140 6
4 C250542 2
5 C440322 6
6 C448422
7 C419540 2
8 C422190
9 C424321 8 3
10 C413041
11 C347571
12 C124761 3
13 C412047 3
14 C429778 3
15 C454278
16 C339328
17 C177418
18 C190848 3
19 C417628 3
20 C421411
21 C410471
22 C392700 2
23 C449648
24 C409805
25 C419749
26 C451619
27 C418193
68
28 C364933
29 C235394 6
30 C434352
31 C319339
32 C421524 8 4
33 B145494 3
34 C359545 3 2
35 C143677
36 C414898 3 2
37 C430801
38 C405223 3 2
39 C381709
40 C302939
41 C239089
42 C431986
43 C427934 3
No. Gangguan
Muskulokutaneus (2) Serositis (2)
Demam /
Fatigue (1)
Leukopenia
/
Limfopenia
(1)
Jumlah Kategori
1 2 2 Sedang
2 2 1 5 Sedang
3 2 8 Berat
4 2 1 5 Sedang
5 6 Berat
6 1 1 Ringan
7 2 4 Sedang
8 2 1 3 Sedang
9 11 Berat
10 1 1 Ringan
11 1 1 Ringan
12 3 Sedang
13 1 4 Sedang
14 3 Sedang
15 2 1 3 Sedang
16 2 2 Sedang
17 2 2 Sedang
69
18 2 1 6 Berat
19 2 1 6 Berat
20 2 2 Sedang
21 2 2 Sedang
22 2 1 1 6 Berat
23 2 2 Sedang
24 2 1 3 Sedang
25 2 1 3 Sedang
26 2 1 3 Sedang
27 1 1 Ringan
28 1 1 Ringan
29 6 Berat
30 0 Ringan
31 0 Ringan
32 12 Berat
33 3 Sedang
34 2 1 8 Berat
35 0 Ringan
36 2 2 1 10 Berat
37 2 2 Sedang
38 1 6 Berat
39 2 1 3 Sedang
40 2 2 Sedang
41 1 1 Ringan
42 2 2 Sedang
43 3 Sedang
Data kerusakan organ pasien LES berdasarkan SLICC/ACR Damage Index di RSUP
dr. Kariadi Semarang
No. No. CM
Okular Neuropsikiatri
Katarak
Atrofi
n.
Opticus
Gangguan
Kognitif Kejang
Trauma
Pembuluh
Darah Otak
Neuropati Myelitis
Transversa
1 C444418
2 C407771
70
3 C279140
4 C250542
5 C440322
6 C448422
7 C419540
8 C422190
9 C424321 1
10 C413041
11 C347571
12 C124761
13 C412047
14 C429778
15 C454278
16 C339328
17 C177418
18 C190848
19 C417628
20 C421411
21 C410471
22 C392700
23 C449648
24 C409805
25 C419749
26 C451619 1
27 C418193
28 C364933
29 C235394
30 C434352
31 C319339
32 C421524 1
33 B145494
34 C359545
35 C143677
36 C414898 1
37 C430801
38 C405223
39 C381709
40 C302939
71
41 C239089
42 C431986
43 C427934
No.
Ginjal Paru
LFG >
50% Proteninuria
Gagal Ginjal
Stadium
Terminal
Hipertensi
Pulmonal
Fibrosis
Pilmonal
Shrinking
Lung
Infark
Pulmonal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
72
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
No
.
Gastrointestinal Muskuloskeletal
Infark Insufisiensi
Mesenterika
Periton
itis
Kronik
Striktur
Esofagus
Atrofi
/Kelema
han
Otot
Deformi
tas /
Artritis
Erosif
Osteopo
rosis
dengan
Fraktur
Nekro
sis
Avas
kular
Osteo
mielit
is
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
73
19 1
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29 1
30
31
32 1
33
34 1
35
36 1
37
38 1
39
40
41
42
43
No.
Kulit Premature
Gonadal
Failure
Diabetes Keganasan Jumlah
Kerusakan
Organ
Alopenia
Jaringan
Parut
Luas
Ulkus Ya Tidak
1 0 1
2 1 1 1
3 1 1 1
4 0 1
5 0 1
6 0 1
7 1 1 2 1
74
8 0 1
9 2 1
10 0 1
11 0 1
12 0 1
13 0 1
14 0 1
15 0 1
16 0 1
17 0 1
18 1 1 1
19 1 3 1
20 0 1
21 0 1
22 0 1
23 0 1
24 1 1
25 0 1
26 1 1
27 0 1
28 0 1
29 1 2 1
30 0 1
31 0 1
32 2 1
33 0 1
34 1 1
35 0 1
36 2 1
37 0 1
38 1 1
39 0 1
40 0 1
41 0 1
42 0 1
43 0 1
75
Lampiran 4. Output analisis program statistik
Explore
Usia
Descriptives
27,38 2,008
23,01
31,76
27,43
26,00
52,423
7,240
15
39
24
14
,087 ,616
-,862 1,191
27,87 1,830
24,12
31,61
27,37
27,50
100,464
10,023
11
57
46
11
,794 ,427
1,355 ,833
Mean
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
95% Conf idence
Interv al for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Dev iation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquart ile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
95% Conf idence
Interv al for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Dev iation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquart ile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Kerusakan Organ
Ya
Tidak
Usia
Stat ist ic Std. Error
76
Tests of Normality
,137 13 ,200* ,960 13 ,753
,116 30 ,200* ,956 30 ,238
Kerusakan Organ
Ya
Tidak
Usia
Stat ist ic df Sig. Stat ist ic df Sig.
Kolmogorov -Smirnova
Shapiro-Wilk
This is a lower bound of the true signif icance.*.
Lillief ors Signif icance Correctiona.
Kerusakan Organ Tidak Ya
Usia
60
50
40
30
20
10
22
77
T-Test
Group Statistics
13 27,38 7,240 2,008
30 27,87 10,023 1,830
Kerusakan Organ
Ya
Tidak
Usia
N Mean Std. Dev iation
Std. Error
Mean
Independent Samples Test
,676
,416
-,156 -,177
41 31,280
,877 ,860
-,482 -,482
3,087 2,717
-6,715 -6,021
5,751 5,057
F
Sig.
Levene's Test f or
Equality of Variances
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Dif ference
Std. Error Dif ference
Lower
Upper
95% Conf idence Interv al
of the Dif f erence
t-test for Equality of
Means
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Usia
78
Crosstabs
Aktifi tas Penyakit * Kerusakan Organ Crosstabulation
9 2 11
3,3 7,7 11,0
69,2% 6,7% 25,6%
20,9% 4,7% 25,6%
4 19 23
7,0 16,0 23,0
30,8% 63,3% 53,5%
9,3% 44,2% 53,5%
0 9 9
2,7 6,3 9,0
,0% 30,0% 20,9%
,0% 20,9% 20,9%
13 30 43
13,0 30,0 43,0
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%
30,2% 69,8% 100,0%
Count
Expected Count
% within
Kerusakan Organ
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% within
Kerusakan Organ
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% within
Kerusakan Organ
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% within
Kerusakan Organ
% of Total
Berat
Sedang
Ringan
Aktif itas
Peny akit
Total
Ya Tidak
Kerusakan Organ
Total
Chi-Square Tests
19,576a 2 ,000
21,018 2 ,000
16,396 1 ,000
43
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
2 cells (33,3%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 2,72.
a.
79
NPar Tests
Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Frequencies
13
30
43
Kerusakan Organ
Ya
Tidak
Total
Aktif itas Penyakit
N
Test Statisticsa
,626
,000
-,626
1,884
,002
Absolute
Positive
Negative
Most Extreme
Dif f erences
Kolmogorov -Smirnov Z
Asy mp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Akt if itas
Peny akit
Grouping Variable: Kerusakan Organa.
80
Lampiran 5. Dokumentasi penelitian
81
Lampiran 6. Biodata mahasiswa
Identitas
Nama : Dinda Welltsazia Rindhi
NIM : 22010110120110
Tempat/tanggal lahir : Balikpapan,13 November 1992
Jenis kelamin : Perempuan
Alamat : Jalan Galang Sewu Raya no. 1A Tembalang
Nomor HP : 085246061399
e-mail : [email protected]
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD : SDIT Istiqamah Balikpapan Lulus tahun: 2004
2. SMP : SMPIT Istiqamah Balikpapan Lulus tahun: 2007
3. SMA : SMAN 1 Balikpapan Lulus tahun: 2010
4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun : 2010