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1/23

PREFACE

Developing English Competencies for High School is designed to facilitate you, students

of senior high school (SMA/MA), to communicate in English according to the contet

of the language use!

Developing English Competencies for High School ena"les you to access information of

various fields of science to prepare you to go to university!

English learning in Developing English Competencies for High School is "ased on literacy

"ased approach so you can get many learning eperiences "y considering the aspects

of interpretation, convention, colla"oration, cultural #no$ledge, pro"lem solving,

reflection and language use!

%n Developing English Competencies for High School, there are many activities availa"le

for you to do individually or $ith other students! &hese activities eplore your

creativity! 'ou are epected to "e s#illful in doing the eercises, acting out dialogues,

constructing sentences or tets and the other activities that facilitate you to "e s#illful

in using English in communication!

ast "ut not least, the $riters are very grateful to all people $ho have helped

and given their input, support and encouragement! e $ould li#e to than# *& Setia

*urna %nves, especially the editors and team, for facilitating us to pu"lish our $or#!

Hopefully, this "oo# $ill help you learn English in a communicative $ay!


2/23

UNIT 11

Analytical Exposition

%n this section, you $ill learn to +

• ind the spesific information a"out analitycal epositiontet!

• %dentify the structureof an analitycal eposition tet!

• -ead a tet aloud

After learning this section, you are epeted to "e a"le to +

• %dentify implicit and eplicit ideas from the tet

• %dentify the stucture of an analitycal eposition tet properly

• -ead the tet $ith proper pronounciation


3/23

STAGE 1 BUILDING KNOWLEDGE OF TE FIELD

SPEAKING

SING TE SONG!

isten to the teacher first, then do it "y yourselves.!

'0 A-E M' S01SH%1E

'ou are my sunshine

My only sun shine

'ou ma#e me happy $hen s#ies are grey

'ou2ll never #no$ dear

Ho$ much % love you

*lease don2t ta#e my sunshine a$ay

&he other night dear

As % lay sleeping

% dreamed % held you in my arms

hen % a$o#e dear

% $as mista#en

So % hung my head and cried 3


4/23

How well do you know your classmate(s)? Use these cards towrite down. Your guesses about your partner and then askhim/her to fnd out i you were right. ollow these steps!

Get in pairs. Don't sit next to your best friend.

Read the sentences in your table carefully. Try to guess yourpartner's answer and tick (_)TR! or "#$%! .

#sk your partner. Tick the &RR!T box if you were right. *f youwere wrong+ note down so,e details of the correct answer.

#sk for ,ore details if you like.Here is an example:

•

I believe you enjoy using the Internet. Do you?• You're right. I love using the Internet. I spend a lot of time surng the net

during the ee!ends.

• "#ight. $o I'll ti%! ( and I'm going to rite don: surfs the net )ee!ends.

( *+,$(

'our partner true alse Correct details4! en5oy using the

internet

× " 6 Surf the net / $ee#ends

3! li#es parties

7! li#es fast food

8! $ants healthy

life

9! plays foot"all

"et#s la a

St#$%nts ca&$


5/23

1' In pai&s( as) yo#& *&i%n$s an$ t%ll

+i,- +%& to *in$ t+% .%st /o&$

&%p&%s%ntin0 t+% pict#&% !

' as) +is- +%& i$%a a.o#t

c+ol%st%&ol an$ +%alt+y %atin0!

NA2E TE TINGS!

Match the follo$ing meanings $ith the "est

$ord in the "o.

4! very fat, in a $ay that is not healthy!

3! having good health

7! a su"stance o"tained used in chemical

process

8! the state of having not enough money!

9! a person $hose 5o" is to serve costemers

At their ta"les in restaurant!

a! o"esity

"! healthy

c! chemical

d! hunger

e! $aiter


6/23

2atc+in0 t+% /o&$s /it+ its co&&%ct ,%anin0 !

/+at $o yo# t+in) o*'''

%nstruction + give your opinion a"out the pictures

a' .'

a! :ele"ihan "erat "adan

"! #an#er

c! Seluruh

d! #ecanduan

e! alat

f! rasa

g! ma#anan cepat sa5i

h! #alori

i! #einginan

5! #elaparan

a! Entire #! healthy

"! Device l! ingredient

c! "esity m! disease

d! Cancer

e! Additives

f! lavor

g! Calorie

h! ast food

i! Cruving

5! hunger


7/23

c' $'

Ans/%& t+% *ollo/in0

3#%stions o&ally !

4! hat is meant "y fast food;

3! Do you li#e fast food;

7!


8/23

Sc+%,atic Stct#&% o* Analytical Exposition

1' T+%sis

*resent opinion a"out a su"5ect matter, usually factual rumors!

' A&0#,%nts

Contain reasons of $hy the case should/ should not "e in ela"oration!

4' R%it%&ation

Consists of reinforcement of reconfirmation of the presented su"5ect matter!

LANGUANGE FEATURES

4! 0sing simple present tense and present continuous tense

3! 0sing temporal , causal circumtances nd con5unctions (firstly, ho$ever, therefore, , etc)

7! 0sing general nouns as the participants ( $e, people, every"ody, etc)!

E5A2PLE OF ANAL6TICAL E5POSITION

> &HES%S

> A-

> A- A- -E%&E-A&%1

&he 0nhealthy ast ood

>>>>>>>>>> no$adays is considered a normal eating venture! *eople

are not 5ust eating out on special occasions or $ee#ends anymore! %t

means that all the time they mostly eat fast

>>>>>>>>>>> has its popularity in the 4?8@2s! ithin a fe$ years,

>>>>>>>>> operations popped up every$here! ith the compelling rise in

>>>>>>>>>> restaurants since the 4?8@2s, oddly it started the rise in >>>>>>>>

and >>>>>>>> during that same time period!

>>>>>>>>> is highly processed $ith a $ide array of >>>>>>>>>>>! &o

ensure fast food2s lo$ cost, the >>>>>>>>> products are made $ith highly>

processed >>>>>>>>>>> to give it shelf>life, to hold consistency, and to

enhance >>>>>>>>! >>>>>>>>> is altered from its original >>>>>>>>> form!

%t is not the >>>>>>>>> in >>>>>>>>> $hich damage health and

$aistline! %t is the chemical >>>>>>>>>> such as aspartame and MS<

(monosodium glutamate)! Studies sho$ that the chemical >>>>>>> lead to

$eight and >>>>>>>> issues!

So, there is a"solutely nothing >>>>>>>> a"out >>>>>>>>>! >>>>>>>>>>>

simply feeds >>>>>>>> and >>>>>>>>!


9/23

6o# a&% 0oin0 to list%n to a t%xt' Fill in t+% .lan)s /it+ t+% /o&$ yo# +%a&!

A' ACTI7IT6 1 list%nin

&he 0nhealthy ast ood

>>>>>>>>>> no$adays is considered a normal eating venture!

*eople are not 5ust eating out on special occasions or $ee#ends

anymore! %t means that all the time they mostly eat fast

>>>>>>>>>>> has its popularity in the 4?8@2s! ithin a fe$

years, >>>>>>>>> operations popped up every$here! ith the

compelling rise in >>>>>>>>>> restaurants since the 4?8@2s, oddly it

started the rise in >>>>>>>> and >>>>>>>> during that same time period!

>>>>>>>>> is highly processed $ith a $ide array of >>>>>>>>>>>!

&o ensure fast food2s lo$ cost, the >>>>>>>>> products are made $ith

highly>processed >>>>>>>>>>> to give it shelf>life, to hold

consistency, and to enhance >>>>>>>>! >>>>>>>>> is altered from its

original >>>>>>>>> form!

%t is not the >>>>>>>>> in >>>>>>>>> $hich damage health and

$aistline! %t is the chemical >>>>>>>>>> such as aspartame and MS<

(monosodium glutamate)! Studies sho$ that the chemical >>>>>>>

lead to $eight and >>>>>>>> issues!

So, there is a"solutely nothing >>>>>>>> a"out >>>>>>>>>!

>>>>>>>>>>> simply feeds >>>>>>>> and >>>>>>>>!

B#il$in0 o* Kno/l%$0%B' ACTI7IT6 8 sp%a)in09


10/23

In t+is acti:ity( t+% t%ac+%& /ill p&ono#nc% so,% /o&$s( yo#& ;o. is to copy it co&&%ctly! A*t%&

t+at( &%a$ t+% t%xt alo#$ in *&ont o* yo#& class /it+ co&&%ct p&ono#nciation!

#! Entire

l! Healthy

m! Device

n! ingredient

o! "esity

p! disease

! Cancer

r! Additives

s! lavor

t! Calory

u! ast food

v! Cruving

$! hunger

a! nta;


11/23

4! doctor 7! architecture

4! a!! MA&CH SME &HE -DS %1 &HE =6 %&H &HE

*H&S

"! isten and repeat the $ords

3! $or# $ith your partnet and tal# a"out the 5o"s that you intend to "e.

Someday, I want to be a doctor

7! match the $ords in the "o $ith their "est meaning.

a) or# to ern money

") A period of $or#

c) A person $ho "us goods

d) A time of a great danger

8! %n pairs, $rite some sentences a"out $hat the people on the pictures do.

4! Employment 7! consumers

3! a"our 8! crisis


12/23

T+%sis -titl%

Can E#&op% &%ally +op% to sol:%its %,ploy,%nt p&o.l%,

rientation/issues

Europe employment pro"lem is certainly comple and longstanding! And its a pro"lem for

around 4B million of europe2s citien!so the ans$er to this uestion is an important one!

orientation

ur la"our mar#ets have never really recovered from the damaged sustained in the $a#e of

the t$o oil price shoc#s in the 4?@s! hen unemployment tripled in a matter of years!

%n the late 4?B@s, there $as something of a turnaround and 4@ million ne$ 5o"s $ere created

in 9 years! =ut the massive ne$ entry into the la"our mar#et of $omen and young people meant that

the effect unemployment $as limited! %t dropped "y only 7 million, leaving 43 million unemployed!

%t is the 5o" crisis that follo$ed that has really concentrated minds in europe, the first half of

the 4??@s sa$ a recession and in4??3>7 $e had a dramatic drop %n employment and sharp rise in

unemployment to 4B million people! &his $as the $holesale destruction of 5o"s!

ith 4??8 came the first signs of economic recovery! since then momentum has slo$ed! &he

pause in the recovery process has "een $orsened "y truo"les on the financial mar#ets, leaving

financial uncertainty, a slump in gro$th outloo# and a rise in interest rates!

&he mar#ets>in the shape of inventors and consumers certainly do not seem to "elieve that

europe $iFFs olve its employment pro"lem ! $ill their lac# of confidence ro" the european economy

of its chances of succes; And are they right;

Ans/%& t+% *ollo/in0 3#%stion .as%$ on t+%

t%xt a.o:%!

c' ACTI7IT6 48&%a$in09


13/23

1' W+at is t+% titl% o* t+% t%xt

' W+at )in$ o* t%xt is it

4' Fin$ t+% s#ppo&tin0 a&0#,%nts o* t+% t%xt

' W+ic+ on% is t+% &%it%&ation

St#$y t+% *ollo/in0 %xplanation

$' ACTII7IT6


14/23

19 Fill t+% .lan) spac% /it+ t+% co&&%ct /o&$ in t+% .ox!

W+at a&% 2o$al 7%&.s

4! G%n my opinionG is the classic epression > "ut itGs not the only one! 0se

moderately!

3! G&o my mindG is a common spo#en form > and you can use it in $riting, too!

7! G%f you as# meG is very, very common in spo#en English, and can come first or

last in a sentence!

8! G&o my $ay of thin#ingG is often used $ith emphasis on GmyG to give a strong

opinion!

9! G%n my vie$G is common in spo#en and $ritten English!

! &he a""reviated uestion G(Do you) #no$ $hat % thin#;G is very popular and is


15/23

Modal ver"s are special ver"s $hich "ehave very differently from normal ver"s! Here are some

important differences+

1' 2o$al :%&.s $o not ta)% "s in t+% t+i&$ p%&son'

Eamples+

He can spea# Chinese!

She should "e here "y ?+@@!

' 6o# #s% not to ,a)% ,o$al :%&.s n%0ati:%( %:%n in Si,pl% P&%s%nt an$ Si,pl% Past'

Eamples+

He should not "e late!

&hey might not come to the party!

4' 2any ,o$al :%&.s cannot .% #s%$ in t+% past t%ns%s o& t+% *#t#&% t%ns%s'

Eamples+

He $ill can go $ith us! 1ot Correct

She musted study very hard! 1ot Correct

' Co,,on 2o$al 7%&.s

Can

Could

May

Might

Shall

Should

ill

ould

Must

ught to

I* I +a:% %no#0+ ,on%y( I /ill 0o to apan

con$itional cla#s% ,ain cla#s%

C' Con$itional Cla#s% an$ 2ain Cla#s%


16/23

I /ill 0o to apan( i* I +a:% %no#0+ ,on%y

,ain cla#s% con$itional cla#s%

a9 Fi&st( S%con$( an$ T+i&$ Con$itional

4! irst conditional+ %f % have enough money, % $ill go to Iapan!

3! Second conditional+ %f % had enough money, % $ould go to Iapan!

7! &hird conditional+ %f % had had enough money, % $ould have gone to Iapan!

Conditional clause

4! %f J *resent &ense

Main clause

$ill J inf / present tense / imperative

a! %f you help me $ith the dishes (if J pres), % $ill help you $ith your home$or#! ($ill J inf)

"! %f the sum of the digits of a num"er is divisi"le "y three, the num"er is divisi"le "y three

(*res! tense)

c! %f you see Mr o tonight, tell him % am ill! (imperative)!

3! %f J *ast &ense J $ould J inf

7! %f J *ast *erfect &ense J $ould have J past participle

e do not normally use $ill or $ould in the conditional clause, only in the main clause!

0ses of the Conditional

a! irst conditional

1ature+ pen condition, $hat is said in the condition is possi"le!

&ime+ &his condition refers either to present or to future time!


17/23

e!g! %f he is late, $e $ill have to go $ithout him!

%f my mother #no$s a"out this, $e are in serious trou"le!

"! Second conditional

1ature+ unreal (impossi"le) or impro"a"le situations!

&ime+ presentF the &E1SE is past, "ut $e are tal#ing a"out the present, no$!

e!g! %f % #ne$ her name, % $ould tell you!

%f % $ere you, % $ould tell my father!

Compare+ %f % "ecome president, % $ill change the social security system! (Said "y a

presidential candidate)

%f % "ecame president, % $ould change the social security system! (Said "y a school"oy+

impro"a"le)

%f $e $in this match, $e are ualified for the semifinals!

%f % $on a million pounds, % $ould stop teaching! (impro"a"le)

c! &hird conditional

1ature+ unreal

&ime+ *ast (so $e are tal#ing a"out a situation that $as not so in the past!)

e!g! %f you had $arned me, % $ould not have told your father a"out that party!(=ut you didnGt,

and % have)

-emem"er.

4! &he conditional construction does not normally use $ill or $ould in if>clauses! E6CE*&%1+ %f

$ill or $ould epress $illingness, as in reuests, they can "e used in if>clauses!

e!g! %f you $ill come this $ay, the manager $ill see you no$!


18/23

% $ould "e grateful if you $ould give me a little help!

(K L please, come this $ayF please, give me!!!)

3! or the second conditional, $ere replaces $as+

%f % $ere a rich man!!!

7! After if, $e can either use some(>one, >$here!!!) or any(>one, >$here!!!)!

%f % have some spare time net $ee#end!!!!or +

%f % have any spare time!!!

8! %nstead of if not, $e can use unless!

e!g! %Gll "e "ac# tomorro$ unless there is a plane stri#e!

HeGll accept the 5o" unless the salary is too lo$!

9!&here is a mied type as $ell, for the present results of an unreal condition in the past+

%f J *ast *erfect > $ould J inf!

%f you had $arned me NthenO, % $ould not "e in prison Nno$O!

Do it in pai&s( S#pply t+% co&&%ct *o&, o* t+% :%&. in t+% pa&%nt+%s%s *o& %ac+ o* t+%

*ollo/in0 s%nt%nc%s'

1' I* /% +a$ l%*t t+% +o#s% %a&li%&( t+%y'8.%H n%0ati:%9 so lat% 0%ttin0 to

t+% s+ip'

' I* I *inis+ t+% assi0n,%nt .%*o&% Sat#&$ay( I''8s#.,it9 it to ,y

l%ct#&%&'

4' I* I +a$ s%%n t+% conc%&t( I''8t%ll9 yo# a.o#t it last ni0+t'

E' ACTI7IT6


19/23

' a$ #)i not int%&*%&%$ in +is .&ot+%&Js ,a&ital p&o.l%,s( t+%&%

8.%9 p%ac% .%t/%%n t+%,'

' S+% /o#l$ 0i:% yo# t+% ,on%y i* s+%8+a:%9 it'

' T+%y /o#l$ call yo# i,,%$iat%ly i* t+%y'8n%%$9 +%lp'

' a$ ,y ,ot+%& a&&i:%$ at t+% sal% %a&ly( s+%'8*in$9 a .%tt%& $&%ss'

M' I* yo# +a:% %no#0+ ti,%( pl%as%''8cl%an9 yo#& &oo, .%*o&% yo# 0o

to sc+ool'

' T+%y co#l$ 0o *o& a $&i:% i* to$ay8.%9 S#n$ay'

1' I* I /in t+% p&i>%( it /ill .% .%ca#s% I8/&it%9 :%&y /%ll'

R%t%ll t+% t%xt in Acti:ity 4 /it+ yo#& o/n /o&$!

Wit+ a pa&tn%&( ans/%& t+% *ollo/in0 3#%stions( t+%n p#t *o&/a&$ yo#& ans/%& in *&ont o* t+%

class!

1' W+at $o yo# t+in) o* t+% t/o pict#&%s a.o:%

' W+ic+ on% is +%alt+y an$ not( /+y

OINT CONSTRUCTIONSTAGE 4

G' Acti:it


20/23

St#$y t+% *ollo/in0 %xp&%ssion!

hat do you thin# of P;

hat are your vie$s;

hat is your opinion;

%s it right $hat %2ve done;

hat a"out P;

Ho$ a"out P;

hat are your ideas;

Do you have any thoughts on that;

Ho$ do you feel a"out that;

Gi:in0 Opinions) :

%2m convinced that P!

% rec#on P!

% consider that P!

According to the epert, % P!

%n my opinion, !P

% thin# P!

% thin# $e should get a ne$ car!

% don2t thin# $e need one!

F' Acti:ity M


21/23

% "elieve (that) smo#ing should "e outla$ed!

% don2t "elieve (that) it should "e illegal!

%n my opinion,


22/23

3! hat is they are tal#ing a"out;

7! hat is lisa2s opinion a"out ampung;

Wo&) in pai&s( c&%at% a s+o&t $ialo0#% .as%$ on t+%

*ollo/in0 topics!

1' O.%sity ' $octo&

' Fast *oo$ ' &%po&t%&

4' N#t&ition

' C+ol%st%&ol

Still in pai&s( p%&*o&, yo#& $ialo0#% in *&ont o* t+% class!

2a)% an analytical %xposition t%xt a.o#t t+% #s% o* 0at0%t

in t+% class!

' Acti:it 1

I' Acti:ity 11

INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTIONSTAGE

' Acti:ity 1


23/23

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