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Chapter OneThe Descendents of Manu’s Daughters

|| 4.1.1 ||

maitreya uväcamanos tu çatarpäyä!tisra" #anyäç ca $a$%ire

ä#tir devahtiç caprastir iti viçrutä"

Maitreya said& Through 'atarpä( Manu )ore three daughters#no*n as +#ti( Devahti and ,rasti.

Ofering respects to Çré-guru, to Kåñëa, the ocean o mercy, and toLokanätha, the eye o the unierse, ! take she"ter o Çré Çuka#

! ofer myse" and eerything ! hae to the a$so"ute Lord %ho is dearerthan "ie to a"" the co%herd men and %omen, and to the serice o his deardeotees#

!n the &ourth 'anto, in thirty-one chapters, there is a description ovisarga-- %hat %as created $y (rahmä and the )anus $y the order o theLord# !n one chapter, the )anus and )anu*s daughters are descri$ed, and

in si+ chapters the destruction o akña*s sacrice and its restoration aredescri$ed# &ie chapters descri$e hrua, and e"een chapters descri$e.åthu# /ight chapters descri$e the .racetäs#

!n the &irst 'hapter, the descendents o the three daughters head $y 0k1tiand the stories 2a34a and attätreya, $orn o 5äräyaëa, are descri$ed#

!n the preious o"ume, in re"ating the story o Kardama, the ami"y oeah1ti, )anu*s second daughter, %as not descri$ed# 6o put things in

order, no% the "ineage o the rst daughter, 0k1ti, is descri$ed# (rahmähad many sons, $ut among them )anu %as outstanding or his deotion# 6hat is the signicance o the %ord tu# 6he %ord ca indicates that he a"sohad t%o sons#

|| 4.1.- ||ä#ti! rucaye prädäd

api )hrätmat/! npa"putri#ä0dharmam äçritya

çatarpänumodita"

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ith the consent of 'atarpa( Manu gave +#ti to 2uci( ta#ingshe3ter of putrikä-dharma, even though +#ti had )rothers.

 6hough he had sons, )anu gae 0k1ti to 7uci on the condition that 7uci*s

son %ou"d $e gie $ack to )anu as his o%n son 8 putrikä-dharma9# :e didnot desire more sons, $ut kne% that 0k1ti %ou"d gie $irth to an avatära,since )anu had omniscience# )ay the Lord $e my daughter*s son and myson as %e""# !n giing the daughter a%ay the o""o%ing %ou"d $e said;

a$hrätåkä< pradäsyämi tu$hya< kanyäm a"a=kåtämasyä< yo 3äyate putra> sa me putro $haet

! %i"" gie you my daughter %e"" ornamented, %ith e% $rothers# 6he son$orn to her %i"" $e my son#

 Abhrätåkäm means e% $rothers, rather than no $rothers#

|| 4.1. ||pra$äpati" sa )hagavänrucis tasyäm a$/$anat

mithuna! )rahma0varcasv/parame5a samädhinä

6y intense concentration( the po*erfu3 ,ra$äpati 2uci )egot in+#ti t*o chi3dren of divine sp3endor.

|| 4.1.4 ||yas tayo" puru7a" sä#7ädvi75ur ya$%a0svarpa0dh# yä str/ sä da#7i5ä )hter

a!ça0)htänapäyin/

The ma3e *as direct3y the 8upreme 9ord in the form of :a$%a andthe fema3e *as indestructi)3e Da#7i5ä( a portion of 9a#7m/.

Bhüteù means ?o Lakñmé#@ Ahe %as a portion o Lakñmé# 6hus there isno io"ation %hen the t%o got married#

|| 4.1.; ||äninye sva0gha! putryä"

putra! vitata0roci7am

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sväyam)huvo mudä yu#torucir $agräha da#7i5äm

8väyam)huva $oyfu33y )rought the son of his daughter to hishouse and 2uci #ept Da#7i5ä.

|| 4.1.< ||tä! #ämayänä! )hagavän

uväha ya$u7ä! pati"tu7=äyä! to7am äpanno>$anayad dvädaçätma$än

The 9ord of sacri?ce( :a$%a( married Da#7i5ä( *ho desired him(and ta#ing p3easure in her( *ho *as satis?ed( produced t*e3vesons.

 6he Lord o sacrice is Biñëu, 2a34a#

|| 4.1.@ ||to7a" prato7a" santo7o

)hadra" çäntir iAaspati"idhma" #avir vi)hu" svahna"

sudevo rocano dvi07a=

The t*e3ve sons *ere named To7a( ,rato7a( 8anto7a( 6hadra(8änti( BAaspati( Bdhma( avi( i)hu( 8vahna( 8udeva and 2ocana.

Dvi-çat  means t%e"e#

|| 4.1.E0F ||tu7itä näma te devääsan sväyam)huväntare

mar/ci0miçrä 7ayoya$%a" sura0ga5eçvara"

priyavratottänapädaumanu0putrau mahau$asau

tat0putra0pautra0naptG5ämanuvtta! tad0antaram

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Manu gave ,rasti( his third daughter( to Da#7a( the son of6rahmä. They spread great popu3ation throughout the three*or3ds.

|| 4.1.1- ||yä" #ardama0sutä" pro#tänava )rahmar7i0patnaya"

täsä! prasti0prasava!procyamäna! ni)odha me

ardama’s nine daughters mentioned previous3y )ecame the*ives of nine great sages. ,3ease understand the sons andgrandsons *hich B *i33 no* descri)e.

Jnother ersion has kñattar-brahmarñi. Prasüti-prasavam means ?thespreading o sons and grandsons#@

|| 4.1.1 ||patné maréces tu ka"äsuñue kardamätma3ä

kaCyapa< p1rëimäna< cayayor äp1rita< 3agat

ä3a( daughter of ardama( and the *ife of Mar/ci( gave )irth toaçyapa and ,r5iman( *hose descendents spread throughoutthe universe.

(y their descendents 8 yayoù9 the unierse $ecame u""#

|| 4.1.14 ||pr5imästa vira$a!

viçvaga! ca parantapadeva#u3yä! hare" päda0çaucäd yä)ht sarid diva"

O iduraJ ,r5iman had t*o sons( ira$a and içvaga( and adaughter named Deva#u3yä( *ho )ecame the divine KaLgä from*ashing the 9ord’s feet.

 6he descendents o KaCyapa %i"" $e descri$ed in the Ai+th 'anto#eaku"yä %as the name o the daughter# !n another $irth she $ecame thediine rier a=gä $ecause o the diine act o %ashing the Lord*s eet#

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|| 4.1.1; ||atre" patny anasyä tr/% $a$%e suyaçasa" sutän

datta! durväsasa! somamätmeça0)rahma0sam)havän

nasyä( another daughter of ardama and Devahti( )ecame the*ife of tri Muni( and gave )irth to three very famous sonsNDattätreya( Durväsä and 8oma(N*ho *ere partia3representations of 9ord i75u( 9ord 'iva and 9ord 6rahmä.

 tma means Biñëu# Jctua""y these three %ere a!ças o Biñëu, Çia and(rahmä#

|| 4.1.1< ||vidura uväca

atrer ghe sura0çre7=hä"sthity0utpatty0anta0hetava"

#i%cic ci#/r7avo $ätäetad ä#hyähi me guro

idura said& O guruJ ,3ease te33 me *hy 6rahmä( i75u and 'iva(

*ho are the creator( maintainer and destroyer( desired to )e )ornin the house of tri Muni.

"i#cit means ?%hy#@

|| 4.1.1@ ||maitreya uväca

)rahma5ä codita" s7=äv

atrir )rahma0vidä! vara"saha patnyä yayäv #7a!#u3ädri! tapasi sthita"

Maitreya said& Bnspired )y 6rahmä to create( tri Muni( the )estof #no*ers of 6rahman( )eing austere( *ent *ith his *ife to #7aMountain. kña is the name o a mountain#

|| 4.1.1E01F ||

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tasmin prasna0sta)a#a0pa3äçäço#a0#änane

vär)hi" sravad)hir udghu7=enirvindhyäyä" samantata"

prä5äyämena sa!yamyamano var7a0çata! muni"

ati7=had e#a0pädenanirdvandvo >ni3a0)ho$ana"

Bn a grove of Po*ering paläça and açoka trees ?33ed *ith thesound of the Qirvindhyä 2iver( tri( contro33ing his mind and)reath( remained standing on one foot for a hundred years(consuming on3y air.

:e stood in a groe o trees %ith Mo%er c"umps# $dghuñ%e means ?sounding#@

|| 4.1.-I ||çara5a! ta! prapadye >ha!

ya eva $agad0/çvara"pra$äm ätma0samä! mahya!

prayacchatv iti cintayan

Re thought( SB surrender to the 9ord of the universe. May he giveme ospring eUua3 to himJV

|| 4.1.-10-- ||tapyamäna! tri0)huvana!

prä5äyämaidhasägninänirgatena muner mrdhna"sam/#7ya pra)havas traya"

apsaro0muni0gandharva0siddha0vidyädharoragai"vitäyamäna0yaçasas

tad0äçrama0pada! yayu"

6rahmä( i75u and 'iva( spreading great fame( seeing that thethree *or3ds( 3i#e fue3( *ere )urning )ecause of the ?reemanating from the sage’s head )y the ?re of präëäyäma, *entto his hermitage a3ong *ith Kandharvas( 8iddhas idyädharasand the Qägas.

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 6he three deities sa% the three %or"ds, ue" or his prä&äyäma' $urn up $ythe re o penance coming rom the sage*s head# !t is understood that hestood there doing prä&äyäma# 6his is re"ated the description in erse FN;contro""ing the mind $y prä&äyäma' he stood there# 6his is a simu"taneous

action as %hen saying ?ing"ing, the ank"et e"" of,@ or ?Phi"e c"osing hiseyes, he "aughed#@

|| 4.1.- ||tat0prädur)häva0sa!yoga0

vidyotita0manä muni"utti7=hann e#a0pädena

dadarça vi)udhar7a)hän

Wager to meet them )ecause they had appeared( standing on one3eg in respect( he gaXed that them.

:e %as eager to meet them $ecause they had appeared there# :e %asstanding up in order to greet them proper"y#

|| 4.1.-40-; ||pra5amya da5Aavad )hmäv

upatasthe >rha5ä%$a3i"v7a0ha!sa0supar5a0sthän

svai" svaiç cihnaiç ca cihnitän

#päva3o#ena hasad0vadanenopa3am)hitäntad0roci7ä pratihate

nim/3ya munir a#7i5/

Re oered respects )y fa33ing on the ground and then( *ithartic3es of *orship in his hands( approached 'iva on his )u33(6rahmä on his s*an and i75u on KaruAa( mar#ed *ith theirinsignias( *hom he understood to )e his superiors )y theirg3ances of mercy and smi3ing faces. 6ecause of their eu3gencehe c3osed his eyes.

:e he"d Mo%ers and other items in his hands# 6heir sym$o"s %ere thetrident, the %ater pot and the cakra among other things# :e recogniQed

them 8upa(ambhitä)9 $y their g"ances o mercy, %hich no other $eingcou"d hae, indicated $y their p"eased aces#

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|| 4.1.-< ||cetas tat0prava5a! yu%$ann

astäv/t sa!hatä%$a3i"

ç3a#75ayä s#tayä väcäsarva03o#a0gar/yasa"

Concentrating upon them( *ith fo3ded hands( he )egan to praisethe most praise*orthy in a33 the *or3ds *ith verses *ith s*eet*ords.

*(akñ&ayä means s%eet#

|| 4.1.-@ ||atrir uväca

viçvod)hava0sthiti03aye7u vi)ha$yamänairmäyä0gu5air anuyuga! vigh/ta0dehä"

te )rahma0vi75u0giriçä" pra5ato >smy aha! vaste)hya" #a eva )havatä! ma ihopahta"

tri said& Bn every kalpa 6rahmä( i75u and 'iva accept )odies

*ith guëas divided up for creating( maintaining and destroyingthe universe. B oer respects to you. hom among you have Bca33edY

 2ou hae accepted $odies or creation, maintenance and destruction othe unierse, $y the diision o gu&as in eery ka(pa# ! recogniQe you# Oryou hae accepted $odies $y the materia" gu&as# 6his is a statementmade out o ignorance concerning the position o Biñëu, since it isimpossi$"e or the Aupreme Lord to hae a $ody o materia" sattva. ! ofer

respects to you# (y mercy you shou"d destroy my dou$t# Pho among youdid ! ca"" $y my sädha)aR :e had indicated one person %hen he said ?!surrender unto the Lord o the unierse#@ 8erse GS9 Jmong you, %ho isthe Lord o the unierseR (y your mercy, you shou"d say#

|| 4.1.-E ||e#o mayeha )hagavän vividha0pradhänaiçcitt/0#ta" pra$ananäya #atha! nu yyamaträgatäs tanu0)htä! manaso >pi dräd)rta pras/data mahän iha vismayo me

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B ?Zed my mind upon one 9ord *ith artic3es of *orship( forcreating progeny. hy have three of you come here( from far)eyond the minds of menY ,3ease )e mercifu3 and te33 me. B am

?33ed *ith )e*i3derment.

 6hey remained si"ent# 6hus he c"aries his statement# ! hae +ed oneperson in my mind, %ith arious artic"es o %orship 8 pradhä)aiù9, orcreating progeny# Jnother ersion has vibhudha-pradhä)a 8chie amongthe devatäs9# Phy hae three o you comeR

|| 4.1.-F ||maitreya uväca

iti tasya vaca" çrutvätrayas te vi)udhar7a)hä"pratyähu" ç3a#75ayä väcäprahasya tam 7i! pra)ho

Maitreya said& O iduraJ Rearing his *ords( the three( smi3ing(rep3ied to the sage *ith s*eet *ords.

|| 4.1.I ||

devä cu"yathä #tas te saL#a3po

)hävya! tenaiva nänyathäsat0saL#a3pasya te )rahmanyad vai dhyäyati te vayam

The devatäs said& O brähmaëaJ 8ince your *ish cannot )eunfu3?33ed( as you have *ished( it *i33 come to pass( and notother*ise. e are that person upon *hom you meditated.

Pe are that Lord o the unierse upon %hom you meditated# Pe are thegies o $oons to you %hose desires are a"%ays u"""ed 8sat-sa+ka(pasya9# 6he meaning is this# 2ou desired that you shou"d hae one son eTua" tothe Lord o the unierse# :aing a dou$t as to %ho %as the Lord o theunierse, you meditated on a"" three o us, and then decided on one orm,thinking ?Jmong the three, "et the rea" Lord come#@ 6he three o us,haing three po%ers in the unierse, hae come here# 6hough %e are inthree orms, %e are one# 2ou shou"d not hae used the %ords ?the

Aupreme Lord#@ !t is simi"ar to the utterance ?O enemy o !ndraU !ncreasein po%er#@ 6his statement can a"so mean the opposite ?O !ndraU O enemyU

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!ncrease in po%er#@ 8A( V#N#FF9 &rom such a desire, and to sho% thestrength o your sädha)a, you %i"" get a resu"t according to your sädha)a and according to your desire#

|| 4.1.1 ||athäsmad0a!ça0)htäs teätma$ä 3o#a0viçrutä"

)havitäro >Lga )hadra! tevisrapsyanti ca te yaça"

O sageJ Our portions *i33 )e )orn as your sons( famous in the*or3d. Kood fortune to youJ :our fame *i33 spread every*here.

!n order to sho% that Biñëu is actua""y the Aupreme Lord among, then

Biñëu $ecame attätreya, an avatära, not the other t%o# ,israpsya)timeans ?they %i"" spread#@ 6his is a causatie rom the root såp' meaningto moe#

|| 4.1.- ||eva! #äma0vara! dattväprati$agmu" sureçvarä"sa)hä$itäs tayo" samyagdampatyor mi7atos tata"

hi3e tri and his *ife *ere *atching( the 3ords of the devatäs(after )eing *orshipped and giving )enedictions( departed.

abhäitäù means %orshiped# /iñaotoù means %atching#

|| 4.1. ||somo >)hd )rahma5o >!çena

datto vi75os tu yogavitdurväsä" çaL#arasyä!çoni)odhäLgirasa" pra$ä"

[rom 6rahmä ( 8oma appeared. [rom i75u( Dattätreyaappeared. The portion of 'iva *as the #no*er of yogé Durväsä.Qo* understand the descendents of Lgirä.

|| 4.1.4 ||

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The son of içravä’s *ife BAaviAä( *as uvera( the master of a33 :a#7as. nother *ife eçin/( has sons named 2äva5a(um)ha#ar5a and i)h/7a5a.

BiCraä $ore a son Kuera in his %ie !EaiEä# 6he other %ie %as KeCiné#

|| 4.1.E ||pu3ahasya gatir )häryätr/n asta sat/ sutän

#armaçre7=ha! var/yä!sa!sahi75u! ca mahä0mate

O iduraJ Kati( the *ife of the sage ,u3aha( gave )irth to threepure sons( named armaçre7=ha( ar/yän and 8ahi75u.

|| 4.1.F ||#rator api #riyä )häryä

vä3a#hi3yän asyata7/n 7a7=i0sahasrä5i

 $va3ato )rahma0te$asä

ratu>s *ife( riyä( gave )irth to siZty thousand great sages(named the ä3a#hi3yas( *ho *ere )ri33iant *ith spiritua3

#no*3edge.

|| 4.1.4I ||r$äyä! $a$%ire puträ

vasi7=hasya parantapacitra#etu0pradhänäs te

sapta )rahmar7ayo >ma3ä"

The sons of asi7=ha too# )irth in his *ife( \r$ä. These sons

headed )y Citra#etu *ere the seven spot3ess3y sages

|| 4.1.41 ||citra#etu" surociç cavira$ä mitra eva ca

u3)a5o vasu)hdyänodyumän ça#ty0ädayo >pare

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The names of these seven sages are as fo33o*s& Citra#etu( 8uroci(ira$ä( Mitra( H3)a5a( asu)hdyäna and Dyumän. 8ome othersons headed )y 'a#ti *ere )orn from asi7=ha>s other *ife.

*akty-ädayaù apare means sons rom another %ie#

|| 4.1.4- ||cittis tv atharva5a" patn/3e)he putra! dhta0vratam

dadhya%cam açvaçirasa!)hgor va!ça! ni)odha me

Citti( *ife of the sage tharvä( gave )irth to a son namedDadhya%ca( ?rm in vo*s( having a horse’s head. Qo* you mayhear from me a)out the descendants of the sage 6hgu.

|| 4.1.4 ||)hgu" #hyätyä! mahä0)häga"

patnyä! puträn a$/$anatdhätära! ca vidhätära!

çriya! ca )hagavat0paräm

Bn his *ife( #no*n as hyäti( the fortunate sage 6hgu )egot t*osons( named Dhätä and idhätä( and one daughter( named 'r/(*ho *as devoted to the 9ord.

Puträ) means t%o sons and one daughter#

|| 4.1.44 ||äyati! niyati! caiva

sute merus tayor adättä)hyä! tayor a)havatä!m#a5Aa" prä5a eva ca

The sage Meru gave his daughters named +yati and Qiyati toDhätä and idhätä. +yati and Qiyati gave )irth to t*o sons(M#a5Aa and ,rä5a.

 6he daughters %ere gien to hätä and Bidhätä 8tayoh9#

|| 4.1.4; ||

mär#a5Aeyo m#a5Aasyaprä5äd vedaçirä muni"

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)uddhir medhä titi#7ä hr/rmrtir dharmasya patnaya"çraddhästa çu)ha! maitr/

prasädam a)haya! dayä

Re gave one daughter to the ,its com)ined and one daughter to'iva( *ho destroys materia3 eZistence. The names of the thirteendaughters of Da#7a *ho *ere given to Dharma are 'raddhä(Maitr/( Dayä( 8änti( Tu7=i( ,u7=i( riyä( Hnnati( 6uddhi( Medhä(Titi#7ä( Rr/ and Mrti. 'raddhä gave )irth to 'u)ha( Maitr/produced ,rasäda( Dayä gave )irth to )haya.

1uktebhaù means together# (y the origina" meaning o the %ords thedaughters starting %ith Çraddhä are the presiding deities o arious çaktis o ñattva-gu&a. 6hese daughters had corresponding Tua"ities#

|| 4.1.;10;- ||çänti" su#ha! muda! tu7=i"

smaya! pu7=ir asyatayoga! #riyonnatir darpamartha! )uddhir asyata

medhä smti! titi#7ä tu

#7ema! hr/" praçraya! sutammrti" sarva0gu5otpattir

nara0näräya5äv 7/

'änti gave )irth to 8u#ha( Tu7=i gave )irth to Muda( ,u7=i gave)irth to 8maya( riyä gave )irth to :oga( Hnnati gave )irth toDarpa( 6uddhi gave )irth to rtha( Medhä gave )irth to 8mti(Titi#7ä gave )irth to 7ema( and Rr/ gave )irth to ,raçraya.Mrti *as the source of the 9ord *ho is the ocean of a33

auspicious Uua3ities( 'r/ Qara0Qäräya5a.

maya means enthusiastic to perorm acts o dharma. Darpa meanse+pert in austerity and yoga# Jnother smaya 8arrogance9 and darpa 8pride9 produced generations o sinu" peop"e#  arva-gu&otpattiù meansthat she %as the source o the Lord %ho is endo%ed %ith a"" auspiciousTua"ities# )1rti, a orm o çuddha-sattva, shou"d $e understood to $e the çakti %ho maniests the Lord#

|| 4.1.; ||yayor $anmany ado viçvam

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a)hyanandat sunirvtammanä!si #a#u)ho vätä"prasedu" sarito >draya"

t the appearance of Qara0Qäräya5a( the entire *or3d )ecame?33ed of $oy. Wveryone>s minds( a33 directions( the air( the riversand the mountains )ecame p3eased.

|| 4.1.;40;; ||divy avädyanta tryä5i

petu" #usuma0v7=aya"munayas tu7=uvus tu7=ä

 $agur gandharva0#innarä"

ntyanti sma striyo devyaäs/t parama0maLga3am

devä )rahmädaya" sarveupatasthur a)hi7=avai"

Bn the heaven3y p3anets( instruments sounds( Po*ers fe33 from thes#y. The satis?ed sages chanted prayers( the Kandharvas andinnaras sang( and the )eautifu3 damse3s of the heaven3y p3anets

danced. 33 signs of good fortune *ere visi)3e. ]ust at that time(great demigods 3i#e 6rahmä a3so *orshiped the 9ord *ithprayers.

|| 4.1.;< ||devä cu"

yo mäyayä viracita! ni$ayätman/da!#he rpa0)hedam iva tat0pratica#7a5äya

etena dharma0sadane 7i0mrtinädyapräduçca#ära puru7äya nama" parasmai

The devatäs said& e oer our respects to the 9ord *ho has no*appeared in the house of Dharma in the form of a sage to sho*that the universe )e3ongs to him( is created )y his energy( and issituated *ithin him( 3i#e a c3oud in the s#y.

Pe ofer respects to the Lord %ho, has appeared in the orm o a sage orreea"ing 8 praticakña)äya9 that the unierse $e"ongs to him, is made $y

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portions 8a!ças9 hae entered their a!ç3s. 6his is e+p"ained in the 4aghu-bhägavatämåta 8F#I#FW9;

karttärau tau harera

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The siZteenth daughter of Da#7a( 8at/( *as the *ife of 9ord 'iva.3though a3*ays engaged in the service of her hus)and( she didnot produce a chi3d *ith her good Uua3ities.

|| 4.1.