Mencari Nilai Fe1. For doubly symmetrical shapes (torsional buckling)

2. For singly symmetrical shapes ( flexural-torsional buckling)

3. For shapes with no axis of symmetry (flexural-torsional buckling)

Keterangan

Keterangan : ro = jari-jari girasi polar terhadappusat geser

Xo, Yo = koordinat pusat geser terhadaptitik berat, Xo =0 untuk profil sikuganda dan profil T