bab iv satop pengentalan

14
BAB IV HASIL PERCOBAAN 4.1 Hasil Praktikum Tabel 1. Suhu titik didih larutan dengan penambahan konsentrasi gula No Berat gula (gr) Tambahan berat gula (g) Konsentrasi larutan gula (%) Suhu titik didih () Kenaikan titik didih dari air murni () 1 0 0 0 97 0 2 3,6 3,6 5 97 0 3 7,2 3,6 10 97 0 4 21,6 14,4 30 97 0 5 36 14,4 50 97 0 6 50,4 14,4 70 97 0 Tabel 2. Konsentrasi larutan, suhu titik didih larutan, dan suhu dinding erlenmeyer selama pengentalan larutan gula No Waktu (menit) Volume (mL) Konsentrasi larutan gula (%) Suhu titik didih () Suhu dinding erlenmeyer () Perubahan volume (mL) = gram 1 0 350 80 97 74,8 0 2 3 315 88,889 98 76,8 35 3 6 300 93,333 98 81,8 50 4 9 280 100 98 85 70 5 12 220 127,272 98 92,5 130 6 15 200 140 98 94 150 7 18 190 147,368 98 89 160

Upload: seahorse-diecast

Post on 05-Jan-2016

222 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

BAB IV

HASIL PERCOBAAN

4.1 Hasil Praktikum

Tabel 1. Suhu titik didih larutan dengan penambahan konsentrasi gula

No Berat gula

(gr)

Tambahan

berat gula

(g)

Konsentrasi

larutan gula

(%)

Suhu titik

didih ( )

Kenaikan

titik didih

dari air murni

( )

1 0 0 0 97 0

2 3,6 3,6 5 97 0

3 7,2 3,6 10 97 0

4 21,6 14,4 30 97 0

5 36 14,4 50 97 0

6 50,4 14,4 70 97 0

Tabel 2. Konsentrasi larutan, suhu titik didih larutan, dan suhu dinding erlenmeyer

selama pengentalan larutan gula

No Waktu

(menit)

Volume

(mL)

Konsentrasi

larutan gula

(%)

Suhu

titik

didih

( )

Suhu

dinding

erlenmeyer

( )

Perubahan

volume

(mL) =

gram

1 0 350 80 97 74,8 0

2 3 315 88,889 98 76,8 35

3 6 300 93,333 98 81,8 50

4 9 280 100 98 85 70

5 12 220 127,272 98 92,5 130

6 15 200 140 98 94 150

7 18 190 147,368 98 89 160

Page 2: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

Tabel 3. Suhu titik didih larutan dengan penambahan konsentrasi garam

No Berat

garam (gr)

Tambahan

berat garam

(g)

Konsentrasi

larutan

garam (%)

Suhu titik

didih ( )

Kenaikan

titik didih

dari air murni

( )

1 0 0 0 97 -

2 1,17 1,17 5 97 0

3 2,34 1,17 10 97,1 0,1

4 7,02 4,68 30 97,2 0,2

5 11,7 4,68 50 97,8 0,8

6 16,38 4,68 70 98 1,0

Tabel 4. Konsentrasi larutan, suhu titik didih larutan, dan suhu dinding erlenmeyer

selama pengentalan larutan garam

No Waktu

(menit)

Volume

(mL)

Konsentrasi

larutan

garam (%)

Suhu

titik

didih

( )

Suhu

dinding

erlenmeyer

( )

Perubahan

volume

(mL) =

gram

1 0 280 100 98 108,5 0

2 3 260 107,69 98,6 117,6 20

3 6 230 121,73 98,5 116,2 30

4 9 210 133,33 99 147,8 20

5 12 180 155,55 99 148,7 30

6 15 160 175 99 146,3 20

7 18 140 200 99,5 156,8 20

4.2 Perhitungan

Perhitungan Larutan Gula

A. Perhitungan Kenaikan Titik Didih

1. Perhitungan Massa Gula Terlarut

a. Massa Gula Terlarut1 =

x C x Mr

Page 3: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

=

x 0 x 180

= 0 gram

b. Massa Gula Terlarut2 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,05 x 180

= 3,6 gram

c. Massa Gula Terlarut3 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,1 x 180

= 7,2 gram

d. Massa Gula Terlarut4 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,3 x 180

= 21,6 gram

e. Massa Gula Terlarut5 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,5 x 180

= 36 gram

f. Massa GulaTerlarut6 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,7 x 180

= 50,4 gram

2. Perhitungan Molalitas

a. Molalitas1 =

x

=

x

= 0 mol

Page 4: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

b. Molalitas2 =

x

=

x

= 0,05 mol

c. Molalitas3 =

x

=

x

= 0,1 mol

d. Molalitas4 =

x

=

x

= 0,3 mol

e. Molalitas5 =

x

=

x

= 0,5 mol

f. Molalitas6 =

x

=

x

= 0,7 mol

3. Perhitungan ΔTb

a. ΔTb1 =

=

= 0 K

b. ΔTb2 =

Page 5: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

=

= 2,521x10-4

K

c. ΔTb3 =

=

= 5,043x10-4

K

d. ΔTb4 =

=

= 1,512x10-4

K

e. ΔTb5 =

=

= 2,521x10-3

K

f. ΔTb6 =

=

= 3,530x10-3

K

4. Perhitungan ΔTc

a. ΔTc1 =

= (97+273) + 0

= 370 K

b. ΔTc2 =

= (97+273) + 2,521x10-4

= 370,0002 K

c. ΔTc3 =

= (97+273) + 5,043x10-4

= 370,0005 K

Page 6: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

d. ΔTc4 =

= (97+273) + 1,512x10-4

= 370,0001 K

e. ΔTc5 =

= (97+273) + 2,521x10-3

= 370,0025 K

f. ΔTc6 =

= (97+273) + 3,530x10-3

= 370,0035 K

B. Perhitungann Konsentrasi, Laju Penguapan, dan Perpindahan Panas

1. Konsentrasi

a. C1 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 80%

b. C2 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 88,889%

c. C3 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 93,333%

d. C4 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 100%

e. C5 =

x 100%

Page 7: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

=

x 100%

= 127,272%

f. C6 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 140%

g. C7 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 147,368%

2. Laju Penguapan

Laju Penguapan (qu) = (Hu) (

) ; (

)

= gradien grafik (b)

Laju Penguapan (qu) = 4,0624x106 kJ/kg . 9,4x10

-3

= 21,2158 kJ/menit

3. Laju Perpindahan Panas

Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (

) ; (

)

= gradien grafik

Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (

)

= 0,0504 kg . 4,180 kJ/kg . 0,0357

= 7,52x10-3

kJ/menit

4. Laju Pindah Panas Keseluruhan (qv)

qv = qu + qc

= 21,2158kJ/menit + 7,52x10-3

kJ/menit

= 21,2233kJ/menit

Perhitungan Garam

A. Perhitungan Kenaikan Titik Didih

Page 8: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

1. Perhitungan Massa Garam Terlarut

a. Massa Garam Terlarut1 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0 x 58,5

= 0 gram

b. Massa Garam Terlarut2 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,05 x 58,5

= 1,17 gram

c. Massa Garam Terlarut3 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,1 x 58,5

= 2,34 gram

d. Massa Garam Terlarut4 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,3 x 58,5

= 7,02 gram

e. Massa Garam Terlarut5 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,5 x 58,5

= 11,7 gram

f. Massa Garam Terlarut6 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,7 x 58,5

= 16,38 gram

2. Perhitungan Molalitas

a. Molalitas1 =

x

Page 9: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

=

x

= 0 mol

b. Molalitas2 =

x

=

x

= 0,05 mol

c. Molalitas3 =

x

=

x

= 0,1 mol

d. Molalitas4 =

x

=

x

= 0,3 mol

e. Molalitas5 =

x

=

x

= 0,5 mol

f. Molalitas6 =

x

=

x

= 0,7 mol

3. Perhitungan ΔTb

a. ΔTb1 =

=

Page 10: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

= 0 K

b. ΔTb2 =

=

= 0,025 K

c. ΔTb3 =

=

= 0,051 K

d. ΔTb4 =

=

= 0,153 K

e. ΔTb5 =

=

= 0,256 K

f. ΔTb6 =

=

= 0,358 K

4. Perhitungan ΔTc

a. ΔTc1 =

= (373) + 0

= 373 K

b. ΔTc2 =

= (373) + 0,025

= 373,025 K

Page 11: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

c. ΔTc3 =

= (373) + 0,051

= 373,051 K

d. ΔTc4 =

= (373) + 0,153

= 373,153 K

e. ΔTc5 =

= (373) + 0,256

= 373,256 K

f. ΔTc6 =

= (373) + 0,358

= 373,358 K

B. Perhitungan Konsentrasi, Laju Penguapan, dan Perindahan Panas

1. Konsentrasi

a. C1 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 100%

b. C2 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 107,69%

c. C3 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 121,73%

d. C4 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

Page 12: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

= 133,33%

e. C5 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 155,55%

f. C6 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 175%

g. C7 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 200%

2. Laju Penguapan

Laju Penguapan (qu) = (Hu) (

) ; (

)

= gradien grafik (b)

Laju Penguapan (qu) = 2257 kJ/kg . 1,19x10-5

= 0,026869 kJ/s

3. Laju Perpindahan Panas

Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (

) ; (

)

= gradien grafik

Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (

)

= 0,01638 kg. 4,180 kJ/kg .

1,150793651x10-3

= 7,8793x10-5

kJ/s

4. Laju Pindah Panas Keseluruhan (qv)

qv = qu + qc

Page 13: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

= 0,026869 kJ/s + 7,8793x10-5

kJ/s

= 0,026947793 kJ/s

4.3 Grafik

4.3.1 Grafik Gula

Gambar 1. Grafik Perubahan Volume terhadap Waktu

Gambar 2. Grafik Suhu Titik Didih terhadap Waktu

y = 9,4048x + 0,3571 R² = 0,967

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 5 10 15 20

Pe

rub

ahan

vo

lum

e (

mL)

Waktu (menit)

Y-Values

Linear (Y-Values)

Linear (Y-Values)

y = 0,0357x + 97,536 R² = 0,375

96,8

97

97,2

97,4

97,6

97,8

98

98,2

98,4

0 5 10 15 20

Suh

u t

itik

did

ih (

oC

)

Waktu (menit)

Y-Values

Linear (Y-Values)

Linear (Y-Values)

Grafik Gula

Linear (Grafik

Gula)

Grafik Gula

Linear (Grafik

Gula)

Page 14: Bab IV Satop Pengentalan

4.3.2 Grafik Garam

Gambar 3. Grafik Perubahan Volume terhadap Waktu

Gambar 4. Grafik Suhu Titik Didih terhadap Waktu

y = 0,7143x + 13,571 R² = 0,2143

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 5 10 15 20

Pe

rub

ahan

vo

lum

e (

mL)

Waktu (menit)

Y-Values

Linear (Y-Values)

Linear (Y-Values)

y = 0,069x + 98,179 R² = 0,8706

97,8

98

98,2

98,4

98,6

98,8

99

99,2

99,4

99,6

0 5 10 15 20

Suh

u t

itik

did

ih

Waktu (menit)

Y-Values

Linear (Y-Values)

Linear (Y-Values)

Grafik Garam

Linear (Grafik

Garam)

Grafik Garam

Linear (Grafik

Garam)