BAB IV

HASIL PERCOBAAN

4.1 Hasil Praktikum

Tabel 1. Suhu titik didih larutan dengan penambahan konsentrasi gula

No Berat gula

(gr)

Tambahan

berat gula

(g)

Konsentrasi

larutan gula

(%)

Suhu titik

didih ( )

Kenaikan

titik didih

dari air murni

( )

1 0 0 0 97 0

2 3,6 3,6 5 97 0

3 7,2 3,6 10 97 0

4 21,6 14,4 30 97 0

5 36 14,4 50 97 0

6 50,4 14,4 70 97 0

Tabel 2. Konsentrasi larutan, suhu titik didih larutan, dan suhu dinding erlenmeyer

selama pengentalan larutan gula

No Waktu

(menit)

Volume

(mL)

Konsentrasi

larutan gula

(%)

Suhu

titik

didih

( )

Suhu

dinding

erlenmeyer

( )

Perubahan

volume

(mL) =

gram

1 0 350 80 97 74,8 0

2 3 315 88,889 98 76,8 35

3 6 300 93,333 98 81,8 50

4 9 280 100 98 85 70

5 12 220 127,272 98 92,5 130

6 15 200 140 98 94 150

7 18 190 147,368 98 89 160

Tabel 3. Suhu titik didih larutan dengan penambahan konsentrasi garam

No Berat

garam (gr)

Tambahan

berat garam

(g)

Konsentrasi

larutan

garam (%)

Suhu titik

didih ( )

Kenaikan

titik didih

dari air murni

( )

1 0 0 0 97 -

2 1,17 1,17 5 97 0

3 2,34 1,17 10 97,1 0,1

4 7,02 4,68 30 97,2 0,2

5 11,7 4,68 50 97,8 0,8

6 16,38 4,68 70 98 1,0

Tabel 4. Konsentrasi larutan, suhu titik didih larutan, dan suhu dinding erlenmeyer

selama pengentalan larutan garam

No Waktu

(menit)

Volume

(mL)

Konsentrasi

larutan

garam (%)

Suhu

titik

didih

( )

Suhu

dinding

erlenmeyer

( )

Perubahan

volume

(mL) =

gram

1 0 280 100 98 108,5 0

2 3 260 107,69 98,6 117,6 20

3 6 230 121,73 98,5 116,2 30

4 9 210 133,33 99 147,8 20

5 12 180 155,55 99 148,7 30

6 15 160 175 99 146,3 20

7 18 140 200 99,5 156,8 20

4.2 Perhitungan

Perhitungan Larutan Gula

A. Perhitungan Kenaikan Titik Didih

1. Perhitungan Massa Gula Terlarut

a. Massa Gula Terlarut1 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0 x 180

= 0 gram

b. Massa Gula Terlarut2 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,05 x 180

= 3,6 gram

c. Massa Gula Terlarut3 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,1 x 180

= 7,2 gram

d. Massa Gula Terlarut4 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,3 x 180

= 21,6 gram

e. Massa Gula Terlarut5 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,5 x 180

= 36 gram

f. Massa GulaTerlarut6 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,7 x 180

= 50,4 gram

2. Perhitungan Molalitas

a. Molalitas1 =

x

=

x

= 0 mol

b. Molalitas2 =

x

=

x

= 0,05 mol

c. Molalitas3 =

x

=

x

= 0,1 mol

d. Molalitas4 =

x

=

x

= 0,3 mol

e. Molalitas5 =

x

=

x

= 0,5 mol

f. Molalitas6 =

x

=

x

= 0,7 mol

3. Perhitungan ΔTb

a. ΔTb1 =

=

= 0 K

b. ΔTb2 =

=

= 2,521x10-4

K

c. ΔTb3 =

=

= 5,043x10-4

K

d. ΔTb4 =

=

= 1,512x10-4

K

e. ΔTb5 =

=

= 2,521x10-3

K

f. ΔTb6 =

=

= 3,530x10-3

K

4. Perhitungan ΔTc

a. ΔTc1 =

= (97+273) + 0

= 370 K

b. ΔTc2 =

= (97+273) + 2,521x10-4

= 370,0002 K

c. ΔTc3 =

= (97+273) + 5,043x10-4

= 370,0005 K

d. ΔTc4 =

= (97+273) + 1,512x10-4

= 370,0001 K

e. ΔTc5 =

= (97+273) + 2,521x10-3

= 370,0025 K

f. ΔTc6 =

= (97+273) + 3,530x10-3

= 370,0035 K

B. Perhitungann Konsentrasi, Laju Penguapan, dan Perpindahan Panas

1. Konsentrasi

a. C1 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 80%

b. C2 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 88,889%

c. C3 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 93,333%

d. C4 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 100%

e. C5 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 127,272%

f. C6 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 140%

g. C7 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 147,368%

2. Laju Penguapan

Laju Penguapan (qu) = (Hu) (

) ; (

)

= gradien grafik (b)

Laju Penguapan (qu) = 4,0624x106 kJ/kg . 9,4x10

-3

= 21,2158 kJ/menit

3. Laju Perpindahan Panas

Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (

) ; (

)

= gradien grafik

Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (

)

= 0,0504 kg . 4,180 kJ/kg . 0,0357

= 7,52x10-3

kJ/menit

4. Laju Pindah Panas Keseluruhan (qv)

qv = qu + qc

= 21,2158kJ/menit + 7,52x10-3

kJ/menit

= 21,2233kJ/menit

Perhitungan Garam

A. Perhitungan Kenaikan Titik Didih

1. Perhitungan Massa Garam Terlarut

a. Massa Garam Terlarut1 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0 x 58,5

= 0 gram

b. Massa Garam Terlarut2 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,05 x 58,5

= 1,17 gram

c. Massa Garam Terlarut3 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,1 x 58,5

= 2,34 gram

d. Massa Garam Terlarut4 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,3 x 58,5

= 7,02 gram

e. Massa Garam Terlarut5 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,5 x 58,5

= 11,7 gram

f. Massa Garam Terlarut6 =

x C x Mr

=

x 0,7 x 58,5

= 16,38 gram

2. Perhitungan Molalitas

a. Molalitas1 =

x

=

x

= 0 mol

b. Molalitas2 =

x

=

x

= 0,05 mol

c. Molalitas3 =

x

=

x

= 0,1 mol

d. Molalitas4 =

x

=

x

= 0,3 mol

e. Molalitas5 =

x

=

x

= 0,5 mol

f. Molalitas6 =

x

=

x

= 0,7 mol

3. Perhitungan ΔTb

a. ΔTb1 =

=

= 0 K

b. ΔTb2 =

=

= 0,025 K

c. ΔTb3 =

=

= 0,051 K

d. ΔTb4 =

=

= 0,153 K

e. ΔTb5 =

=

= 0,256 K

f. ΔTb6 =

=

= 0,358 K

4. Perhitungan ΔTc

a. ΔTc1 =

= (373) + 0

= 373 K

b. ΔTc2 =

= (373) + 0,025

= 373,025 K

c. ΔTc3 =

= (373) + 0,051

= 373,051 K

d. ΔTc4 =

= (373) + 0,153

= 373,153 K

e. ΔTc5 =

= (373) + 0,256

= 373,256 K

f. ΔTc6 =

= (373) + 0,358

= 373,358 K

B. Perhitungan Konsentrasi, Laju Penguapan, dan Perindahan Panas

1. Konsentrasi

a. C1 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 100%

b. C2 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 107,69%

c. C3 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 121,73%

d. C4 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 133,33%

e. C5 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 155,55%

f. C6 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 175%

g. C7 =

x 100%

=

x 100%

= 200%

2. Laju Penguapan

Laju Penguapan (qu) = (Hu) (

) ; (

)

= gradien grafik (b)

Laju Penguapan (qu) = 2257 kJ/kg . 1,19x10-5

= 0,026869 kJ/s

3. Laju Perpindahan Panas

Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (

) ; (

)

= gradien grafik

Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (

)

= 0,01638 kg. 4,180 kJ/kg .

1,150793651x10-3

= 7,8793x10-5

kJ/s

4. Laju Pindah Panas Keseluruhan (qv)

qv = qu + qc

= 0,026869 kJ/s + 7,8793x10-5

kJ/s

= 0,026947793 kJ/s

4.3 Grafik

4.3.1 Grafik Gula

Gambar 1. Grafik Perubahan Volume terhadap Waktu

Gambar 2. Grafik Suhu Titik Didih terhadap Waktu

y = 9,4048x + 0,3571 R² = 0,967

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 5 10 15 20

Pe

rub

ahan

vo

lum

e (

mL)

Waktu (menit)

Y-Values

Linear (Y-Values)

Linear (Y-Values)

y = 0,0357x + 97,536 R² = 0,375

96,8

97

97,2

97,4

97,6

97,8

98

98,2

98,4

0 5 10 15 20

Suh

u t

itik

did

ih (

oC

)

Waktu (menit)

Y-Values

Linear (Y-Values)

Linear (Y-Values)

Grafik Gula

Linear (Grafik

Gula)

Grafik Gula

Linear (Grafik

Gula)

4.3.2 Grafik Garam

Gambar 3. Grafik Perubahan Volume terhadap Waktu

Gambar 4. Grafik Suhu Titik Didih terhadap Waktu

y = 0,7143x + 13,571 R² = 0,2143

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 5 10 15 20

Pe

rub

ahan

vo

lum

e (

mL)

Waktu (menit)

Y-Values

Linear (Y-Values)

Linear (Y-Values)

y = 0,069x + 98,179 R² = 0,8706

97,8

98

98,2

98,4

98,6

98,8

99

99,2

99,4

99,6

0 5 10 15 20

Suh

u t

itik

did

ih

Waktu (menit)

Y-Values

Linear (Y-Values)

Linear (Y-Values)

Grafik Garam

Linear (Grafik

Garam)

Grafik Garam

Linear (Grafik

Garam)