bab iv satop pengentalan
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BAB IV
HASIL PERCOBAAN
4.1 Hasil Praktikum
Tabel 1. Suhu titik didih larutan dengan penambahan konsentrasi gula
No Berat gula
(gr)
Tambahan
berat gula
(g)
Konsentrasi
larutan gula
(%)
Suhu titik
didih ( )
Kenaikan
titik didih
dari air murni
( )
1 0 0 0 97 0
2 3,6 3,6 5 97 0
3 7,2 3,6 10 97 0
4 21,6 14,4 30 97 0
5 36 14,4 50 97 0
6 50,4 14,4 70 97 0
Tabel 2. Konsentrasi larutan, suhu titik didih larutan, dan suhu dinding erlenmeyer
selama pengentalan larutan gula
No Waktu
(menit)
Volume
(mL)
Konsentrasi
larutan gula
(%)
Suhu
titik
didih
( )
Suhu
dinding
erlenmeyer
( )
Perubahan
volume
(mL) =
gram
1 0 350 80 97 74,8 0
2 3 315 88,889 98 76,8 35
3 6 300 93,333 98 81,8 50
4 9 280 100 98 85 70
5 12 220 127,272 98 92,5 130
6 15 200 140 98 94 150
7 18 190 147,368 98 89 160
Tabel 3. Suhu titik didih larutan dengan penambahan konsentrasi garam
No Berat
garam (gr)
Tambahan
berat garam
(g)
Konsentrasi
larutan
garam (%)
Suhu titik
didih ( )
Kenaikan
titik didih
dari air murni
( )
1 0 0 0 97 -
2 1,17 1,17 5 97 0
3 2,34 1,17 10 97,1 0,1
4 7,02 4,68 30 97,2 0,2
5 11,7 4,68 50 97,8 0,8
6 16,38 4,68 70 98 1,0
Tabel 4. Konsentrasi larutan, suhu titik didih larutan, dan suhu dinding erlenmeyer
selama pengentalan larutan garam
No Waktu
(menit)
Volume
(mL)
Konsentrasi
larutan
garam (%)
Suhu
titik
didih
( )
Suhu
dinding
erlenmeyer
( )
Perubahan
volume
(mL) =
gram
1 0 280 100 98 108,5 0
2 3 260 107,69 98,6 117,6 20
3 6 230 121,73 98,5 116,2 30
4 9 210 133,33 99 147,8 20
5 12 180 155,55 99 148,7 30
6 15 160 175 99 146,3 20
7 18 140 200 99,5 156,8 20
4.2 Perhitungan
Perhitungan Larutan Gula
A. Perhitungan Kenaikan Titik Didih
1. Perhitungan Massa Gula Terlarut
a. Massa Gula Terlarut1 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0 x 180
= 0 gram
b. Massa Gula Terlarut2 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0,05 x 180
= 3,6 gram
c. Massa Gula Terlarut3 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0,1 x 180
= 7,2 gram
d. Massa Gula Terlarut4 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0,3 x 180
= 21,6 gram
e. Massa Gula Terlarut5 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0,5 x 180
= 36 gram
f. Massa GulaTerlarut6 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0,7 x 180
= 50,4 gram
2. Perhitungan Molalitas
a. Molalitas1 =
x
=
x
= 0 mol
b. Molalitas2 =
x
=
x
= 0,05 mol
c. Molalitas3 =
x
=
x
= 0,1 mol
d. Molalitas4 =
x
=
x
= 0,3 mol
e. Molalitas5 =
x
=
x
= 0,5 mol
f. Molalitas6 =
x
=
x
= 0,7 mol
3. Perhitungan ΔTb
a. ΔTb1 =
=
= 0 K
b. ΔTb2 =
=
= 2,521x10-4
K
c. ΔTb3 =
=
= 5,043x10-4
K
d. ΔTb4 =
=
= 1,512x10-4
K
e. ΔTb5 =
=
= 2,521x10-3
K
f. ΔTb6 =
=
= 3,530x10-3
K
4. Perhitungan ΔTc
a. ΔTc1 =
= (97+273) + 0
= 370 K
b. ΔTc2 =
= (97+273) + 2,521x10-4
= 370,0002 K
c. ΔTc3 =
= (97+273) + 5,043x10-4
= 370,0005 K
d. ΔTc4 =
= (97+273) + 1,512x10-4
= 370,0001 K
e. ΔTc5 =
= (97+273) + 2,521x10-3
= 370,0025 K
f. ΔTc6 =
= (97+273) + 3,530x10-3
= 370,0035 K
B. Perhitungann Konsentrasi, Laju Penguapan, dan Perpindahan Panas
1. Konsentrasi
a. C1 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 80%
b. C2 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 88,889%
c. C3 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 93,333%
d. C4 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 100%
e. C5 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 127,272%
f. C6 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 140%
g. C7 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 147,368%
2. Laju Penguapan
Laju Penguapan (qu) = (Hu) (
) ; (
)
= gradien grafik (b)
Laju Penguapan (qu) = 4,0624x106 kJ/kg . 9,4x10
-3
= 21,2158 kJ/menit
3. Laju Perpindahan Panas
Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (
) ; (
)
= gradien grafik
Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (
)
= 0,0504 kg . 4,180 kJ/kg . 0,0357
= 7,52x10-3
kJ/menit
4. Laju Pindah Panas Keseluruhan (qv)
qv = qu + qc
= 21,2158kJ/menit + 7,52x10-3
kJ/menit
= 21,2233kJ/menit
Perhitungan Garam
A. Perhitungan Kenaikan Titik Didih
1. Perhitungan Massa Garam Terlarut
a. Massa Garam Terlarut1 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0 x 58,5
= 0 gram
b. Massa Garam Terlarut2 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0,05 x 58,5
= 1,17 gram
c. Massa Garam Terlarut3 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0,1 x 58,5
= 2,34 gram
d. Massa Garam Terlarut4 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0,3 x 58,5
= 7,02 gram
e. Massa Garam Terlarut5 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0,5 x 58,5
= 11,7 gram
f. Massa Garam Terlarut6 =
x C x Mr
=
x 0,7 x 58,5
= 16,38 gram
2. Perhitungan Molalitas
a. Molalitas1 =
x
=
x
= 0 mol
b. Molalitas2 =
x
=
x
= 0,05 mol
c. Molalitas3 =
x
=
x
= 0,1 mol
d. Molalitas4 =
x
=
x
= 0,3 mol
e. Molalitas5 =
x
=
x
= 0,5 mol
f. Molalitas6 =
x
=
x
= 0,7 mol
3. Perhitungan ΔTb
a. ΔTb1 =
=
= 0 K
b. ΔTb2 =
=
= 0,025 K
c. ΔTb3 =
=
= 0,051 K
d. ΔTb4 =
=
= 0,153 K
e. ΔTb5 =
=
= 0,256 K
f. ΔTb6 =
=
= 0,358 K
4. Perhitungan ΔTc
a. ΔTc1 =
= (373) + 0
= 373 K
b. ΔTc2 =
= (373) + 0,025
= 373,025 K
c. ΔTc3 =
= (373) + 0,051
= 373,051 K
d. ΔTc4 =
= (373) + 0,153
= 373,153 K
e. ΔTc5 =
= (373) + 0,256
= 373,256 K
f. ΔTc6 =
= (373) + 0,358
= 373,358 K
B. Perhitungan Konsentrasi, Laju Penguapan, dan Perindahan Panas
1. Konsentrasi
a. C1 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 100%
b. C2 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 107,69%
c. C3 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 121,73%
d. C4 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 133,33%
e. C5 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 155,55%
f. C6 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 175%
g. C7 =
x 100%
=
x 100%
= 200%
2. Laju Penguapan
Laju Penguapan (qu) = (Hu) (
) ; (
)
= gradien grafik (b)
Laju Penguapan (qu) = 2257 kJ/kg . 1,19x10-5
= 0,026869 kJ/s
3. Laju Perpindahan Panas
Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (
) ; (
)
= gradien grafik
Laju perpindahan Panas (qc) = m . Cp . (
)
= 0,01638 kg. 4,180 kJ/kg .
1,150793651x10-3
= 7,8793x10-5
kJ/s
4. Laju Pindah Panas Keseluruhan (qv)
qv = qu + qc
= 0,026869 kJ/s + 7,8793x10-5
kJ/s
= 0,026947793 kJ/s
4.3 Grafik
4.3.1 Grafik Gula
Gambar 1. Grafik Perubahan Volume terhadap Waktu
Gambar 2. Grafik Suhu Titik Didih terhadap Waktu
y = 9,4048x + 0,3571 R² = 0,967
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 5 10 15 20
Pe
rub
ahan
vo
lum
e (
mL)
Waktu (menit)
Y-Values
Linear (Y-Values)
Linear (Y-Values)
y = 0,0357x + 97,536 R² = 0,375
96,8
97
97,2
97,4
97,6
97,8
98
98,2
98,4
0 5 10 15 20
Suh
u t
itik
did
ih (
oC
)
Waktu (menit)
Y-Values
Linear (Y-Values)
Linear (Y-Values)
Grafik Gula
Linear (Grafik
Gula)
Grafik Gula
Linear (Grafik
Gula)
4.3.2 Grafik Garam
Gambar 3. Grafik Perubahan Volume terhadap Waktu
Gambar 4. Grafik Suhu Titik Didih terhadap Waktu
y = 0,7143x + 13,571 R² = 0,2143
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15 20
Pe
rub
ahan
vo
lum
e (
mL)
Waktu (menit)
Y-Values
Linear (Y-Values)
Linear (Y-Values)
y = 0,069x + 98,179 R² = 0,8706
97,8
98
98,2
98,4
98,6
98,8
99
99,2
99,4
99,6
0 5 10 15 20
Suh
u t
itik
did
ih
Waktu (menit)
Y-Values
Linear (Y-Values)
Linear (Y-Values)
Grafik Garam
Linear (Grafik
Garam)
Grafik Garam
Linear (Grafik
Garam)
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