acute pulmonary tuberculosis in sle
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Acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Case-based Discussion & Book ReadingPresented : dr. Khoirul AnwarSupervisor : dr. Ayu P., Sp. PD KR
INTRODUCTION....
Infection, 44%
SLE flare, 24%
Others, 18%
Surgical Cause, 14%
Penyebab Rehospitalisasi
Infection SLE flare Others Surgical Cause
Infection in SLE
• active SLE• nephritis,• Sepsis• and cardiovascular disease
Mortality in SLE
• Prevalence ± 5%• Pulmonary TB > extra pulmonary
Tuberculosis in SLE
THE CASE....
Wanita, 32 tahun penderita SLE dengan keluhan utama saat ini lemas dan sesak
1 2 3 4
Kontrol rutin di poli dengan tx Sandimmun 2x100mg dan MP tape dose
Juli 2016 mondok kembali karena AIHA (hb 6,2) BLPL dengan tx pulang MP 8mg 3-2-0 dan sandimun 2x100mg
Kontrol di poli dengan Tx sandimmun 2x50mg dan novorapid
Okt 2013 tegak SLE (AIHA, efusi pericard, oral ulcer, anti dSDNA (+), LE sel (-) Tx MP dan sandimmun
1 minggu sariawan memberat dan batuk, makan dan minum , ⬇lemas (+)
RPS :Sejak 1 minggu os mengalami lemas, batuk dan sesak yang semakin memberat. Sariawan berupa bercak putih di lidah (+), sulit makan (+), demam (+), batuk dahak (+), darah (-), kejang (-), pingsan (-), nyeri sendi memberrat (+), kaki lemas (+)
Os menyangkal batuk lama, BB, keringat malam, maupun kontak TB⬇
Pemeriksaan FisikKU : sedang, CM, gizi baik
TB 150 cm, BB 40 kg, IMT 21,22kg/m² VS : TD 110/70 mmHg, tidur, manset di lengan kanan, large
adult cuff N 116 x/menit, irama teratur, isi dan tekanan cukup
R 29 x/menit, irama teratur, tipe pernapasan thorakoabdominal T° 38 °C, suhu aksila
Kepala : Insp. : konj. pucat (-), sklera ikterik (-), kulit tipis (+), hirsutisme (+), moon face (+), oral trush (+), oral ulcer (+),
Palp. : tidak ada nyeri tekan, tak teraba massaLeher : Insp. : JVP tak meningkat, buffalo hump (+),
Palp. : lnn ttbThorax :
Pulmo : Insp. :simetris, KG (-), retraksi (-)
Palp. :stem fremitus kanan = kiri
Perk. :sonor (+)
Ausk. :vesikuler (+) RBK (+/+) RBB (-) Wheezing (-)
Cor : Insp.: IC tak tampak
Palp. :IC teraba di SIC V LMCS
Perk. :kardiomegali (-), kesan konfigurasi dbn
Ausk. : S1-2 murni reguler, bising (-)
Pemeriksaan FisikAbdomen : Insp. : rounded
Ausk. : peristaltik (+) NPerk. : timpani di seluruh regioPalp. : NT (+) regio epigastrium, H/L
ttbExtremitas : Insp. : edema − − raynaud
phenomen +/+− −
Palp. : akral hangat, tidak ada nyeri tekan
Ro thorax 07/10/16 :• Round pneumonia segmen
anterior lobus superior dekstra• cardiomegali
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
Darah Rutin 7/10/16 14/10/16 19/10/16
21/10/16
Hemoglobin 12,2 11,3 8,9 12,8 g/dL
Angka Leukosit 15,06 19,8 9,2 16 /mL
Segmen 97,1 94,4 87,8 89 %
Limfosit 1 5,1 7,3 %
Monosit 1,3 1,8 4,6 %
Eosinofil 0,1 0,1 0,2 %
Basofil 0,1 0,2 0,2 %
Angka Trombosit 362 238 185 186 /mL
Angka Eritrosit 3,9 3,6 2,9 /mL
Hematokrit 38,9 32,9 25,5 %
MCV 99,6 90,6 86 fL
MCH 31,2 30,1 30 Pg
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
7/10/16 14/10/16 19/10/16 21/10/16
BUN 62 21 15
Creat 2,4 0,9 0.6
AU
Na 133 140 148 148
K 4,4 2,6 2,13 3,5
Cl 98 101 103 107
SGOT 10 16 602
SGPT 17 15 168
TP
Alb 2,5 2,8 3,2
GDS 527
HbsAg (-)
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
ANA (+)
dSDNA (+)
Coomb test (+)
C3
C4
CD4 7
Anti HIV (-)
Tbil 0,8 5,6
DBil 0,2 4,5
16/10 19/10
CRP
Procalc 2,4 0,9
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
7/10
pH 6,0
BJ 1,010
Protein (-)
Glukosa +4
Bilirubin (-)
Urobilin (-)
Keton (-)
Nitrit (-)
Eritrosit 5
Silinder (-)
Silinder patologis
(-)
Bakteri 330
LE (-)
Sputum• Cat gram = (-) • BTA 3 kali (-) • K/S tidak tumbuh
Darah • K/S tidak tumbuh
Urine • BTA (-) • K/S tidak tumbuh
EKG 07/10/16 : Sinus Rythm, heart rate 100 kali/menit
SLEDAI 7/10 19/10
Gangguan neuro (-) 8
Gangguan ginjal (-) (-)
Vaskulitis (-) 8
Hemolisis (-) (-)
Trombositopnia (-) (-)
Myositis (-) (-)
Artitis (-) (-)
Mukokutan 2 2
Serositis 2 2
Demam 1 1
Fatigue 1 1
Leukopenia (-) (-)
TOTAL 6 22
Re-assesment1. Sistemik lupus eritematosus dengan manifestasi• Chronic kidney disease stage IV et causa nefritis lupus• Suspek community acquired pnemumoniae dd pneumonitis dd TB paru• Mukokutan (oral ulcer) dengan candidiasis oral• Riwayat efusi paricard moderate tanpa tamponade
2. Hiperglikemia stress pada diabetes mellitus tipe lain3. Hipoalbuminemia4. Hiponatremia normoosmolar
Terapi :• Diet cair / lunak • Sandimun 2x50 mg• MP 16-16-0• Inj. Novomix 6-6-6• Nystatin drop 4x1 cc• Tranfusi albumin 20% 100 cc• Inj. Ampisulbac 1,5 gram/12 jam • Azitromicin 500mg/24 jam• Fluconazole 800mg/24 jam
400mg/24 jam 200mg/24 jam
Plan :• Cukupi kebutuhan cairan 30-
50cc/kgbb/24 jam• Monitor UOP
0,5-1cc/kgbb/jam• Rontgen thoraks serial• Tranfusi albumin s/d ≥3• Oksigenasi NK 3lpm• Cek gene ekspert• BTA urin• USG thoraks hari senin• Ks jamur• Ks darah
Evaluasi klinis paru
• Terjadi efek samping OAT (hepatitis)
• Terjadi Flare ? (NPSLE ?)
• MP 750mg/24jam
• Gambaran pneumonia menetap
• Mulai 4FDC
• Gambaran pneumonia (5 hari batuk, sesak, demam)
• Tx empirik • MP 62,5mg/24 jam• Sandimmun 2x50mg
DISCUSSION....
Points Of Discussion• TB infection risk in SLE:
mechanism and susceptibility factors
• Anti TB and its adverse events in SLE
• Treatment SLE flare (MP) in TB infection
Problems...
Points Of Discussion• TB infection risk in SLE:
mechanism and susceptibility factors
• Anti TB and its adverse events in SLE
• Treatment SLE flare (MP) in TB infection
Problems...
• Prevalence ± 5%• Pulmonary TB > extra pulmonary
Tuberculosis in SLE
TB in SLE
Lingkaran setan hubungan infeksi dengan autoimunitas (SLE)
Immunodeficiency in SLE
Immunodeficiency in SLE
Immune respone in TB
Melibatkan sel T (CD4 CD8), sitokin, sel B, complemen
Complement in TB
C3-dependent entry pathwayinto resident alveolar macrophages
Complement in TB
Role Complement in TBC3-dependent entry pathwayinto resident alveolar macrophages
Problems... (1)
SLE Complement deficiency
Risk for TB infection
SLE is Risk factor for TB infection
Pada Pasien ini• Penderita SLE sejak 2013• CD4 = 7 ( )⬇• Kadar complement rendah
Points Of Discussion• TB infection risk in SLE:
mechanism and susceptibility factors
• Anti TB and its adverse events in SLE
• Treatment SLE flare (MP) in TB infection
Problems...
Corticosteroid... Immune def.
• Genomic action• Non genomic action
Corticosteroid... Immune def.
• Genomic action• Low dose• Long periode
Corticosteroid, TB risk...
Corticosteroid, TB risk...
Problems... (1)
SLE Complement deficiency Risk for TB
infection
• SLE is Risk factor for TB infection
• Corticosteroid (longterm) is risk factor for TB
Pada Pasien ini• Penderita SLE sejak 2013• CD = 7 ( )⬇• Kadar complement rendah• Penggunaan jangka panjang MP
Corticosteroid treatment
TB in SLE
Rontgen thorax :• Milier• Konsolidasi diffuse• TB klasik (konsolidasi apex)
Pada Pasien iniRound pneumonia segmen anterior lobus superior dekstra
TB in SLE
TB in SLE
Perjalanan penyakit TB pada SLE:• Akut • progresif
Pada Pasien ini• Gejala akut• progresif
Points Of Discussion• TB infection risk in SLE:
mechanism and susceptibility factors
1. SLE dan MP jangka panjang resiko TB
2. TB pada SLE dapat bersifat akut dengan gambaran klinis dan radiologis tidak khas
Problems...
Points Of Discussion• TB infection risk in SLE:
mechanism and susceptibility factors
• Anti TB and its adverse events in SLE
• Treatment SLE flare (MP) in TB infection
Problems...
Anti TB Tx is the Key
• Improve clinicaly and radiographic
• Worsening • PCR TB (+)• M. Tb micros (+) • Culture (-) • Start anti TB tx
• 5 days caugh• Dyspnue• Fever • Antibiotic empiric
escalation on antibiotic
Anti TB Tx is the Key
• Drug-induced Hepatitis
• Encephalopaty dd NPSLE
• Clinically Worsening • PCR TB tdk
dikerjakan• M. Tb micros (-) • Culture (-) • Start anti TB tx
• 5 days caugh• Dyspnue• Fever • Antibiotic empiric
escalation on antibiotic
PADA PASIEN INI.....
Anti TB induce hepatitis SLE as a risk??
In Facts• Pasien mengalami OAT-induce
hepatitis• Klinis berat hingga encepalopati• Apakah SLE mempengaruhi
kejadian ini?• Apakah OAT-induce hepatitis
menyebabkan flare ?
Drug induce hepatitis
Pirazinamide in liver
SLE pathophysiology
SLE in drug induced hepatitis
Tissue inflamation and necrosis(liver injury)
SLE in drug induced hepatitis EVIDENCE...??
• Incidence 12,9% overall• SLE increase risk for Anti
TB liver injury
SLE in drug induced hepatitis EVIDENCE...??
• 237 pts SLE 3 pts TB• 3 pts TB Anti TB liver
injury• SLE risk anti TB liver ⬆
injury
Points Of Discussion• Anti TB and its adverse events
in SLE
1. Early diagnosis and Tx is key point
2. SLE risk for anti TB liver ⬆injury
3. Anti TB liver injury risk ⬆flare SLE
Problems...
Points Of Discussion• TB infection risk in SLE:
mechanism and susceptibility factors
• Anti TB and its adverse events in SLE
• Treatment SLE flare (MP) in TB infection
Problems...
SLE flare
• FLARE ???• Enchepalopathy• NPSLE• Seizure
• Anti TB liver injury
PADA PASIEN INI.....
Flare vs infection
Procal in SLE ⬆ infection
Flare vs infection
• CRP increased in 92% of the group with infection • 89% of the group with lupus flare• CRP tended to be higher in the group with non-viral • but this did not reach significance (p=0.98).
Flare vs infection
• serum PCT increased significantly in patients with SLE with non-viral infection compared with patients with lupus flare
Flare vs infection
Flare vs infection• Proteinuria • Fever • SLEDAI
Flare vs infection
REFERENCE :• CRP = ⬆ infection non viral • Procalcitonin =⬆ infection non
viral• Proteinuria (+) = flare• Fever (+) = infection• SLEDAI = ⬆ flare
Pasien :• CRP = NA• Procalcitonin =⬆ infection non
viral• Proteinuria = (-) • Fever = (+) • SLEDAI = 22
• Pasien mengalami (flare ?)
Tx SLE flare in infection
MP pulse dose
MP pulse dose
Tx severe Flare with infection
Pulse MP, hidroxycloroquin, cycophospamide, rituximab
Tx severe Flare with infection
Flare vs infection
REFERENCE :• MP pulse dose infection ⬆• MP pulse dose mortality ± 20%• Trombocytopenia mortality ⬆• IvIg may be the first line tx for
patient immunodeficient
Pasien :• MP pulse dose (+)• Infection (procalcitonin )⬆ ⬆• Trombocytopenia (+)• IvIg ????
• Pemberian pulse MP sudah tepat karena mengalami flare berat• Namun sayangnya pasien mengalami komplikasi dari Pulse MP• Apakah ada pilihan lain? IvIg ?
Points Of Discussion• Treatment SLE flare (MP) in TB
infection
1. Pulse MP meningkatkan resiko infeksi dan mortalitas pada kelompok berisiko
2. Pilihan lain selain pulse MP?
Problems...
CONCLUSION:• SLE dan MP jangka panjang merupakan faktor risiko TB• TB pada SLE bisa bersifat akut dengan gambaran klinis dan
rontgen tidak khas• Anti TB liver injury sering terjadi pada pasien SLE dalam
pengobatan TB • Anti TB liver injury dapat memicu flare• Tatalaksana flare SLE pada infeksi berat menimbulkan
komplikasi dan mortalitas yang tinggi
THANK YOU....
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