abraham sageep 2017 ver2...abraham_sageep_2017_ver2 author jared d. abraham created date...
TRANSCRIPT
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Planning and implementing a multiple year AEM survey framework study: Example from the Eastern Nebraska Water Resource Assessment (ENWRA)
Abraham, J.D., Cameron, K., Cannia, J.C., and Asch, T.H.
Glacial deposits covering the eastern portion of Nebraska overlie various bedrock units of Mesozoic and Paleozoic age. The watersheds and aquifers are difficult to characterize due to multiple stages of erosion and glaciation within this region. The Eastern Nebraska Water Resources Assessment (ENWRA) project was formed in 2006 with sponsors from six Natural Resources Districts (Lewis and Clark, Lower Elkhorn, Papio-Missouri River, Lower Platte North, Lower Platte South, and Nemaha) and cooperating agencies including Nebraska Conservation Survey Division and the U.S. Geological Survey. The long-term goal of the project is to develop a geologic framework and water budget for the glaciated portion of eastern Nebraska. In 2014-2015 a large-scale reconnaissance airborne electromagnetic survey was undertaken over the glaciated portion of Nebraska. The AEM survey, composed of ~2,200 line-km of ~32 km spaced lines. A deep imaging time-domain AEM system (~ 350 meters deep) was selected to penetrate the electrically conductive materials within the glacial tills and to delineate the character of the deeper bedrock aquifers. In 2016 6,000 line-km AEM survey was conducted in the ENWRA area to begin infilling the areas between the reconnaissance lines collected in 2014 and 2015. A shallower imaging time-domain AEM system (~200 m) was chosen to enhance the characterization of the Quaternary and Tertiary Ogallala formation. In order for multiple year surveys to be successfully integrated diligence needed to be exercised in the calibrationof the systems, contractor oversight, and the careful inversion of the AEM data. Flight line specifications include the collection of 4.8 km and 200 meter spaced grids. The reconnaissance lines provided watershed scale ties between the historical data and also provides mapped connections between the surface water and groundwater. The reconnaissance lines also highlighted management area requiring detailed surveys. The high density flights provided details on the identified management areas including: wellhead protection, groundwater availability, and groundwater quality. The implementation of the multiple year AEM survey was a successful application of AEM using multiple scales to provide enhanced hydrogeological framework.
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Cross Section Across Nebraska
The Groundwater Atlas of Nebraska Resource Atlas No. 4b/2013 Third (revised) Edition Conservation and Survey Division School of Natural Resources Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Nebraska - Lincoln
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! 2007 ENWRA (RESOLVE) 1,170 line-km
! 2008 NPNRD and SPNRD (RESOLVE) 1,375 line-km
! 2009 ENWRA (RESOLVE) 1,419 line-km
! 2009 NPNRD and SPNRD (RESOLVE) 937 line-km
! 2009 USGS Sand Hills Study (AeroQuest IV) 571 line-km
! 2010 USGS Western NE Study (SkyTEM 304) 1,900 line-km
! 2010 Test flights SkyTEM 304, HeliTEM, RESOLVE, VTEM 1,776 line-km
! 2011 USACE Mead (RESOLVE) 471 line-km*
! 2012 USGS Crescent Lakes Study (VTEM) 578 line-km
! 2013 LENRD, LPSNRD, and Madison (SkyTEM 304) 1,830 line-km
! 2014 LENRD, ENWRA (SkyTEM 508) 2,446 line-km
! 2015 Spring ENWRA (SkyTEM 508) 1,100 line-km
! 2016 July ENWRA, CP-TPNRD, NCORP (SkyTEM 304) 9,300 line-km
*non-ENWRA Member project
Total 25,479 line-km
History of AEM for Groundwater in Nebraska
(Photos: Jared Abraham, Jesse Korus, Areoquest, Fugro, Geotech, Fugro)
Background Borehole Data
University of Nebraska Conservation and Survey Division (CSD)
Nebraska Department of Natural Resources(NE-DNR)
Carney et al., 2015
Recon Lines! Collected in 2014 and 2015 under contract to XRI
! 1,573 line-miles (2,532 line-km)
! SkyTEM 508 system-first time gate 12 µsec 3.0 µsec
wide and last time gate of 10.0 msec
! Aarhus Workbench SCI was used with 30 layer
smooth inversion. First layer 16.4 ft (5 m).
http://www.enwra.org/aem%20data%20download.html
Carney et al., 2015
Flight Line Planning
! Lines Planned along CSD Cross Sections! Pipeline data were acquired from Platts (www.platts.com)" CSD/ENWRA assisted in acquiring data on public power systems
" Auburn Board of Public Works, Burt County Power District, Butler County Power District, Cedar-Knox Power District, City of Fremont, Cornhusker Public Power District, Cuming County Power District, Elkhorn Rural Public Power District, Lincoln Electric Systems, Loup Power District, Nebraska Public Power District, Nemaha-Marshall Electric Cooperative, Norris Public Power District, North Central Public Power District, Northeast Nebraska Public Power District, Omaha Public Power District, Polk County Rural Public Power District, Seward County Public Power District, Stanton County Public Power District
! Flight lines were adjusted to optimize data collection
Carney et al., 2015
3D View of the Resistivity of ENWRA
Abraham et al., 2015
Resistivity versus Lithology and Aquifer Materials
! 39 CSD boreholes with lithology and resistivity geophysical logs
! ~209,000 individual measurements
Non
Aqu
ifer
Mar
gina
l Aqu
ifer
Aqui
fer
Coar
se A
quife
rCarney et al., 2015
Non Aquifer Coarse Aquifer
Carney, et al., 2015
Lithology versus Aquifer MaterialAquiferMarginal
Aquifer
Carney et al., 2015
CSD 5-GT-80 300 meters off line
Abraham et al., 2015
20 km300 m
Carney, et al., 2015
AEM versus CSD Cross Section111 km (69 mile) cross section with 27 test holes totaling 2,057 m(Average depth of 76 m(250 ft)) $160,000AEM cost (Average depth 304 m (1,000 ft)) $44,46428% of the cost of drilling
Abraham et al., 2015
LENRD 3 x 3 mile Recon Lines
Carney et al., 2015
! 3 x 3 mile grid
! 1,471 line-miles (2368 line-km)
3D of the 2014 AEM in LENRD3D of the 2014 AEM in LENRD
North
Carney et al., 2015
3D of the 2014 AEM in LENRD3D of the 2014 AEM in LENRD
Bazile Groundwater Management Area (BGMA)(Upper Elkhorn, Lower Niobrara, Lewis and Clark, and Lower Elkhorn NRD’s)
White = 2016 BGMA linesOrange = 2014 ENWRA and LENRD linesPink = 2016 LCNRD linesGreen = 2016 LENRD lines
! 0.25-0.33 mile (402-531 m) spaced block flights over well head protection areas
! 3 x 3 mile grids! Approximately 644 line-
miles (1,036 line-km)! SkyTEM 304M system-first
time gate 10 µsec, 1.6 µsecwide and last time gate of 7.5 msec
! Aarhus Workbench SCI was used with 30 layer smooth inversion. First layer 9.8 ft (3 m).
BGMA Flight Lines (2014 and 2016)
BGMA Flight Lines (2014 and 2016)
! Calibration
! Monitoring
Current/Waveform
! Processing
! Inversion
Parameters
BGMA 3D
Creighton Wellhead Protection Area
! Block flight lines were spaced approximately 0.60 miles (1 km) in the east-west direction and approximately 0.11-0.14 miles (200 m-250 m) in the north south directions.
!! The Gretna Recon area lines were
separated by approximately 1.10 miles (1.77 km) in the east-west direction and approximately 1.0 miles (1.62 km) in the north-south direction.
! Approximately total of 631 line-miles (1022 line-km).
! SkyTEM 304M system-first time gate 10 µsec, 1.6 µsec wide and last time gate of 8.4 msec
! Aarhus Workbench SCI was used with 30 layer smooth inversion. First layer 9.8 ft (3 m).
Sarpy County
Turquois = 2016 Sarpy County linesOrange = 2015 ENWRA linesLavender = 2007 Ashland lines
Greater Omaha
Sarpy County Interpreted Sections
Sarpy County Interpreted Sections
Sarpy County Cretaceous Dakota on Pennsylvanian
Sarpy County Cretaceous Dakota Thickness
Sarpy County Estimate of Groundwater in Storage Kd
Aquifer Material Type
Aquifer Volume (ft3)
Aquifer Volume (acre-
ft)
Average Porosity
Groundwater in Storage Volume
(acre-ft)
Average Specific
Yield
Extractable Water Volume
(acre-ft)
Shale/clay 60,784,808,389 1,395,427 0.4 558,171 0.02 11,163
Sandstone/sand 93,907,386,203 2,155,817 0.35 754,536 0.05 37,727
TOTAL 154,692,194,592 3,551,244 1,312,707 48,890
Conclusions! Aquifer resources vary considerably within ENWRA area.
! The reconnaissance line spacing for the ENWRA flights shows areas of interest for future work.
! Due diligence in monitoring transmitter waveform/current is required.
! Proper calibration, diligent processing, and inversions allows the use of multiple years of data.
! Integration of reconnaissance lines allow the addition of data without reacquisition.
! The line spacing at 3 miles grids can be used to delineate groundwater management areas.
! Detailed block flights can be conducted over areas of wellhead protection and areas of groundwater availability concerns.
! Integration of the borehole, water quality, and hydrogeological information is critical to producing useable products.
! ENWRA has a reliable framework for future planning.
Acknowledgments ! Funding
! NE Water Sustainability Fund! NE Environmental Trust! NE Department of Natural Resources! Individual NRD’s! USGS! USACE
! Technical Support! GS! Hydroconsulting - Greg Steele! NE-CSD (Susan Lackey, Jesse Korus, Dana Divine, and Paul Hanson)
! Previous work ! USGS 2007-2012 (Greg Steele, Michael Johnson, Bruce Smith, Lyndsay Ball, Maria
Deszcz-Pan, and Burke Minsley)! XRI 2013-2015 (Clint Carney, Rachel Woolf, Kristen Pierce, Andrew Genco, and
Todd Meglich)
ContactsJared D. Abraham, MSc., P.G., PGp.Aqua Geo Frameworks, LLC.GeophysicistGolden, CO (303)[email protected] Cameron, P.G.ENWRA Project CoordinatorLincoln, NE(402)[email protected]
www.aquageoframewroks.com
www.enwra.org