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Name : Yuda Prawira

NPM : 1106006833

Industrial Engineering

Assignment A3

Figure 2 shows a wedding shop in Jakarta, and one of its products.

A. What type of material is usually used for the product?The materials are usually used for this product are iron and steel. Because those

metals are easily melted compared to other metals that are difficult to melted, such as

aluminum, brass, copper, etc. Both metals are easy to set up and bent according to

with the desired shape. Besides, the price of raw materials for iron and steel products

are relatively cheap to be created compared to other metals prices.

B. Welding is used to assemble the product. Explain what happen to the materialstructure during and after welding?

Welding process involves heating the metal. The temperature of a heated metal

temperature will increase and will reach the melting point. At this heating process, the

bonding of metal atoms finally shaken off. And then, form free atoms, which cause

the metal to change shape from solid to liquid phase. This liquid phase continues to

occur when in contact with the heat stay in touch. After the welding process stops, thetemperature of the metal will decrease; change it back from the liquid phase to solid

phase. This occurs because the free atoms are bonded to each other again, form a

strong metallic bond.

What factor should be taken into consideration during welding?

The appropriate electrodes Welding equipment Procedures The appropriate slit width Controlling distortion

C. Predict the microstructure of the product (outside the weld area)

After all, most common metals are alloys containing residual and added metallic and

nonmetallic elements dissolved in a base metal.

Of course, those added elements can have a dramatic effect on the resulting alloy'sproperties. But how those elements dissolve, or in other words how they combine

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with the existing atoms in the parent metal's crystal lattice, can also greatly influence

both the physical and nonphysical properties of the end product.

Basically, there are two ways the alloying element(s)-called solutes-combine with the

base, or parent, metal, which is also called the solvent. The alloy's atoms can combine

through either direct substitution, creating a substitution solid solution, or they cancombine interstitially, forming an interstitial solid solution.

Substitution Solid Solution. When the alloy's atoms are similar to the parent metal's

atoms, they'll simply replace some of the parent metal's atoms in the lattice. The new

metal dissolves in the base metal to form a solid solution. Examples include copper

dissolved in nickel, gold dissolved in silver, and carbon dissolved in iron (ferrite).

Interstitial Solid Solution. When the alloy's atoms are smaller than the parent metal's

atoms, they'll fit between the atoms in the parent metal's lattice. The alloy atoms don't

occupy lattice sites and don't replace any of the original atoms. Of course, this causes

strain in the crystal structure because the fit isn't perfect: There are atoms taking upspace that was originally unoccupied.

The end result is usually an increase in tensile strength and a decrease in elongation.

Examples include small amounts of copper dissolved in aluminum and carbon, and

nitrogen dissolved in iron and other metals.

D. As an Industrial Engineer, what thing that you need to improve in the weldingshop to increase the productivity?

Push for capacity utilization

Plant flexibility needs Standardization of equipment, tools, like PPE, hearing protection, eye pro,

steel toes, and etc.

Product and component sourcing :o Avoiding the hard worko New labor agreements

Training, because it helps to develop good technique Use the proper welding process Designing a workstation based on their respective stages of welding, such as

the cutting, welding, smoothing, and painting.