5. pencemaran minyak

5. Pencemaran Minyak

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KOMPOSISI MINYAK

Minyak (crude oil)Hidrokarbon

Non hidrokarbon

Minyak (Crude oil)

Hidrokarbon83-87%

atom karbon

10-14% atom

hidrogen

Non hidrokarbon0,1-2%

nitrogen

0,05-6% sulfu

r

0,05-1,5% oksig

en

< 0,3%

V, Fe, Ni

JENIS MINYAK

Minyak • Tanaman, hewan,

dan organisme lain melalui proses metabolisme alami

• Contoh lipid, steroid

• bahan organik kuno fosil, seperti zooplankton dan ganggang, tumbuhan dan hewan, yang mengalami proses geokimia kemudian berubah menjadi minyak

Light weight components• C1-C10• More

bioavailable

Medium weight components• C11-C22• Less affect on

organism

High weight components• ≥ C23• Chronic, car

inogenic

TEORI ASAL MULA MINYAK

Teori Asal Minyak

Teori anorganik

Teori Organi

k

Teori Anorganik (Abiogenesis)

Alkali metal CO₂ Kar

bida

Karbida H₂O Ocetyl

ena

Ocetylena

Suhu tinggi

Benzena

Pengumpulan & pengawetan zat organik dalam sedimen

Migrasi minyak bumi dalam sedimen

Teori Organik (Biogenesis)

Degradasi

thermal

Reaksi katalis

Radioaktivasi

Aktifasi

bakteri

FATE MINYAK

www.nap.edu

SUMBER PENCEMARAN

http://marinesciencebrawijaya.blogspot.com/2012_01_08_archive.html

http://galuhadhitiaputra.blogspot.com/2011/10/pencemaran-air-laut-karena-limbah.html

(Harrison, 2001)

(Thibodeaux et al., 2011)

EFEK PENCEMARAN MINYAK

www.nap.edu

(Harrison, 2001)

CLEAN UP

Natural Clean Up

From: http://www.itopf.com/fate.html

• Booms, • Skimmers (remove floating oil)• Sorbents (absorb oil) :

straw/peat/synthetic• Dispersing agents, • Gelling agents (aid mechanical

extraction)• Biological agents (oil

metabolizing microbes)• Mechanical washing• Trenches• Dredging

Human Intervention Clean Up

Boom

http://www.slickbar.com/slickbar/oil_booms/air_inflatable_boom/

http://www.americanlisted.com/georgia_10/boats_5/skimmers_r_us_oil_spill_boats_oil_skimmers_oil_skimmer_skimmer_17035079.html

http://www.americantex.com/id3.html

http://www.mass.gov/dep/cleanup/os/Pages/Sorbents.html

Sorbent

http://www.wiredchemist.com/environmental/instructional/a-case-study-of-the-exxon-valdez-oil-spill-of-1989/oil-spill-containment-and-cleanup-technology

http://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/one-more-reason-oil-spills-are-bad-surface-cleanup-can-make-it-worse-for-fish-below.html

http://www.black-tides.com/uk/response/response-at-sea/dispersion.php

http://gulfofmexicooilspillblog.com/2011/02/12/gulf-of-mexico-oil-spill-blog-beach-clean-up-matrix/

http://www.evidence.org.kw/photos.php?page=4066_Oil-Filled-Trench

See you Next week...

5. pencemaran minyak

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