30 Tahun Balai Penelitian KehutananBanjarbaru :

Kontribusi pada Rehabilitasi Hutan Rawa Gambut

Tri Wira YuwatiDony RachmanadiPurwanto B.S.RusmanaSudin Panjaitan

Outline

• Pendahuluan• Hutan rawa gambut di Kalimantan Tengah • Tiga dasa warsa penelitian rehabilitasi hutan

rawa gambut oleh BPK Banjarbaru• Penutup

Pendahuluan

ProyekATA-267 BTR BP2HT-IBT BPK

Banjarbaru

Penelitian pada ekosistem hutan rawa gambut

Hutan Rawa Gambut

FishShrimpsCrabsMussels

Carbon Storage

Erosion ControlSedimentation ControlStorm ProtectionSaltwater Intrusion ControlPesticide Intrusion ControlPyrite Oxidation ControlWater Table StabilisationWater Quality MaintenanceMicroclimate StabilisationNutrient Supply

Forest ResourcesNipah/NibungConstruction WoodFuel WoodFuture Resources

BIODIVERSITY

LANDSCAPEUNIQUENESS

FUTUREOPTIONS

Eco-TourismDonations

Debt-for-Nature Swaps

Drinking WaterCoastal TransportationAgricultureSubsistence

Hutan Rawa Gambut

Hot spots 1997-2006

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Year

Cumulative area burnt (Block C) 1973-2006

Kehilangan biodiversitas

Kerusakan tata air

Emisi GRK

Kehilangan nilai ekonomi

KONTRIBUSI PADA REHABILITASI HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT

Tiga dasa warsa penelitian HRG

1983-1993• Regenerasi alam

di gambut dalam(Maliku)

• Ramin danbelangeran digambut tipis(Liang anggang)

1994-2003• Teknik

Rehabilitasi• Kebakaran hutan• Agroforestry• Establishing

KHDTK TumbangNusa to promote sustainable PSF management

2004-2013•Teknik rehabilitasi•Kebakaran hutan•Agroforestry•Pemanfaatanmikroba tanah•Makrofauna tanah•Growth & Yield•Biomassa & Karbon

Aspek yang telah ditelitiRe

vege

tasi

• Karakteristiklahan(tipologi danhidrologi)

• Karakteristikjenis

• Uji jenis• Persiapan

lahan• Teknik

penanamandanpemeliharaan

• Teknikpropagasi

Agro

fore

stry • Pengembang

an model• Aspek sosial

ekonomi• Aspek

lingkungan

Ling

kung

an&

Pro

dukt

ivita

s • Lingkunganpertumbuhan

• Pemupukan• Mikroba tanah• Makrofauna

tanah• Growth&yield• Biomassa&kar

bon

Keba

kara

n

•Karakteristikapi

•Rekayasa Alat•Manajemen

pemadaman

Camp KHDTK Tumbang Nusa

2003 2013

2006 2013

Revegetasi

FERNS-DOMINATEDPEAT SWAMP BUSHLOGGED-OVER AREA

MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL REGENERATION/ Enrichment planting

Planting

Planting

REVEGETATION

NO SPECIES SURVIVAL RATE1 Punak (Tetramerista glabra) 60-70%2 Pulai pipit (Alstonia spatulata) 60-70%3 Papung (Sandoricum spp.) 10 %4 Jelutung (Dyera polyphylla) 70-90%5 Blangeran (Shorea balangeran) 60-85%6 Takapas/medang telur (Stemonourus

scorpioides)50-60%

7 Cotylolebium spp. 25%8 Jingah (Gluta renghas) -9 Bintangur (Calophyllum macrocarpum) 70%

10 Kapur naga (Calophyllum spp.) 70%11 Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) 50%12 Nyatoh (Palaquium spp.) 40%

NO SPECIES SURVIVAL RATE13 Galam (Melaleuca spp.) -14 Alau (Dacrydium spp.) 50%15 Resak (Vatica rassak) 50%16 Meranti rawa (Shorea

teysmanniana)40%

• More than 30 species used for trials includingnon PSF species (Fagrarea sp., Lagerstroemeaspeciosa, A. crassicarpa etc)• After 5 years, highest survival rate: (S.

balangeran, D. polyphylla, T. glabra, V. rassakand Calophyllum spp.)

Gonystylus bancanus: 8 years

Shorea blangeran : 8 years

Site preparation on S. balangeran

100

80

60

40

20

0

-20

-40

Jul Agt Sep Okt Nov Des Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

RAINY SEASON DRY SEASON DRY SEASON

Hardening

Transport Planting

STOP Tending

Watel level

TendingH dH

ggMOUND

Moist zone in dry season

Wibisono et al (2005)

Mounds were made to avoid inundation and facilitating plants from physiological stresses due to the limited O2 content.

Thermostat at 27°C

Perbanyakan bibit

1) & 2) Cuttings in propagation box3) Acclimatization in greenhouse4) Acclimatization under the shading net

1

34

2

KOFFCO nursery

No. Local name Scientific name Generative Vegetative

(cuttings, wildlings)1 Jelutung rawa/pantung Dyera polyphylla � �

2 Pulai (rawa) Alstonia pneumatophora � �

3 Pulai pipit (rawa) Alstonia spatulata � �

4 Tumih/Merapat Combretocarpus rotundatus � �

5 Punak Tetramerista glabra � �

6 Galam Melaleuca leucadendra � 07 Kapur naga Callophylum soulattri � �

8 Gemor � �

9 Medang telur Stemonurus scorpioides � �

10 Alau Dacrydium becarii 0 �

11 Belangiran Shorea balangeran � �

12 Kayu bulan Fagrarea crenulata � 013 Ramin Gonystylus bancanus � �

14 Nyatoh Palaquium sp. � 015 Meranti bunga/lanan

lampungShorea teysmanniana � � (wildlings)

16 Bintangur Calophyllum sp. � (wildlings)17 Ketiau Palaquium sp. 0 � (wildlings)18 Meranti batu Shorea spp. � � (wildlings)19 Resak Cotylelobium burckii 0 � (wildlings)20 Papung Sandoricum sp. 0 � (wildlings)21 Gerunggang Cratoxylon glaucum 0 � (wildlings)

a b

Root Compactness

Soil microbes utilization

a

b

b

b

kontrolEnthrosphospora

GigasporaGlomus

FMA

5.00

7.50

10.00

12.50

15.00ti

ng

gi (

cm)

a

b

b

b

kontrolEnthrosphospora sp.

Gigaspora decipiensGlomus clarum

FMA

2.00

4.00

6.00

JU

ML

AH

DA

UN

(h

ela

i)

Callophylum soulattri, 5 months after innoculation in nursery

aa

b

kontrol Glomus c larum Gigaspora decipiens

FMA

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

diam

eter

(cm

) a

a b

kontrol Glomus c larum Gigaspora decipiens

FMA

200.00

400.00

600.00

tingg

i (cm

)

Alstonia pneumatophora 5 years after planting in the field

Kondisi Awal Plot Kalampangan (0-1 th) Kondisi Plot Kalampangan umur 8 th

Kondisi Awal Plot Sukarji (0 th) Kondisi Plot Sukarji umur 7 th

Kondisi Awal Plot KHDTK TN (0 th) Kondisi Plot KHDTK TN umur 10 th

Kondisi Awal Plot jabiren (0 th) Kondisi Sekarang Plot Jabiren (7 th)

Kondisi Plot Penelitian Agrosilvofishery di Desa Mentaren II (Bapak Rapingun)

Kebakaran hutan dan lahan

Rekayasa Alat

Pemadaman api

Kolaborasi riset

1. ITTO CITES dan PD 426 : Konservasi Ramin- Kebun pangkas ramin (10.000 stock plants)- Uji gene pool 2 ha- Pembangunan demplot tanaman 2 ha2. Dishut Kapuas- Monitoring fenologi ramin3. Kalimantan Forest and Climate Partnership- Eksplorasi jenis- Eksplorasi mikoriza- Perbanyakan jenis- Toleransi jenis thd kondisi lingkungan4. Sumitomo Corp. dan Sumitomo Forestry- Pembangunan demplot agroforestry 4 ha- Monitoring regenerasi alam jenis rawa gambut di

KHDTK Tumbang Nusa

Publikasi terbaru

Penutup

• Beberapa aspek rehabilitasi rawa gambutterdegradasi sudah dikuasai.

• Tetapi, masih banyak yang harus digali….

Future research needed• Physiological aspects affecting the success of

rehabilitation at degraded PSF • Biodiversity• Pest and diseases• Forest product technology• PES (payment for environmental services)• Management of Conservation Areas • Forest economy