07/05/2013

1

Konsep Sistemp

Teknik Industri

Dr. Eng. Muhammad Rusman, ST. MT

Pendahuluan

Pengertian Sistem Pengenalan masalah sistem Perilaku sistem Konsep sistem

Teknik Industri

07/05/2013

2

Effectiveness Vs Efficiency

EfficiencyInput or resources to produce the maximum level Input or resources to produce the maximum level of output

Producing given level of output with the minimum amount of inputs or resources

Technical effecinecymaximizes the ratio of distance traveled to fuel comsumption

Teknik Industri

Economic effecincymaximizing the difference between revenues and total cost

Effectiveness Vs Efficiency

Effectiveness Looks at how well the goals or objectives

of the entity or activity are achieved

Teknik Industri

07/05/2013

3

System

Solar system Sosial system Political system Telephone system Number system

Teknik Industri

Information system Legal system

Definition of the system

A system is an organized assembly of tcomponent

A system is any set (group) of interdependent or temporally interacting part

Teknik Industri

07/05/2013

4

Pengertian Sistem

System: a Collection of element or t th t i t t t components that interact to

accomplish goals. Composed of:

Inputs Processing mechanisms

Teknik Industri

Processing mechanismsOutputs Feedback / Assessment

Pengertian sistem adalah kumpulan b k li b k it d obyek yang saling berkaitan dan

saling bergantung secara tetap (reguler) untuk mencapai tujuan bersama dalam suatu lingkungan yang kompleks. (togar 1995)

Teknik Industri

07/05/2013

5

Contoh

Planet yang kita tempati Solar systemK l t t t S i l S t Keluarga, tetangga, teman Social System

Telephone system Number system Information system Central Nervous system

Teknik Industri

y Atom system neutron, electron, proton

A system is s section of reality that is the primary focus on a study and is the primary focus on a study and is composed of components that interact with another according to certain rules within a boundary identified by the purpose of the study.

A system can perform a function not

Teknik Industri

A system can perform a function not performable by it individual components.

07/05/2013

6

Definisi Sistem :

Out-there and Inside of Us View of system Kalau kita mendefinisikan Solar system Kalau kita mendefinisikan Solar system

kemungkinan akan sama dengan menyebut matahari dengan 9 planetnya, bumi sebagai tempat mahluk hidup, dan bagaimana hubungan planet planet dan matahari dengan gaya grafitasinya. Tetapi definisi akan tidak sama dengan definisi orang lain mengenai Power system dan computer information system

Teknik Industri

system dan computer information system. So, different people may define the same

system in different way depend on what the person viewing something as a system.

System as a Human ConceptualizationHuman observer that may view something

as a system.Orang berjalan pantai, berenang di laut,

mahasiswa biologi mempelajari biota laut, engineer bekerja membuat kapal l t diff t i

Teknik Industri

laut different view

07/05/2013

7

I choose to define a system as follows:

A system is an organized assembly of components. 'Organized' means that there exist special relationships between the componentsbetween the components.

The system does something, i.e., it exhibits a type of behavior unique to the system.

Each component contributes towards the behavior of the system and is affected by being in the system. No component has an independent effect on the system. The behavior of the system is changed if any component is removed or leaves

Groups of components within the system may by themselves have properties (1), (2), and (3), i.e., they may form subsystems

Teknik Industri

subsystems. The system has an outside - an environment - which provides

inputs into the system and receives outputs from the system. The system has been identified by someone as of special

interest

Contoh Kasus A Saw Mill

An industrial EngineeringProduction System Physical components of the operationy p p Storage spaces, raw materials, types finished product The purpose for studying this system could be to determine

good physical layouts for the equipment and storage areas, or good product handling and equipment operating procedures.

Hence, abstract outputs are such things as the maximum processing capacity, the location of bottlenecks, and the fraction of time various machines are idle all with respect

Teknik Industri

fraction of time various machines are idle, all with respect to a given combination of inputs, both physical and abstract.

07/05/2013

8

The Owners a system for getting a financial return on their investmentfinancial return on their investment Financial consequences of all activities

going on in firm. A management Scientist Satisfy

costumer demand at the lowest possible cost

Teknik Industri

possible costMinimum cost operation to meet certain

customer orders

Different kind of systems Discrete system

The state of the system jumps through sequence of discrete state Telphone system Telphone system

Continues System System changes continuously

Vehicles move along the road Deterministic system

Behavior of the system is predictable every detail Stochastic system

Affected by random number Closed System

Teknik Industri

Closed System Does not receive any things from the environment, nor does it

give out anything to its environment, no inputs and output No interaction with any environment

Open system

07/05/2013

9

Systems theory distinguishes between th t f t l three types of controls: open loop controls, closed loop controls, and Feed-forward controls.

Negative and Positive Feedback loops

Teknik Industri

g p

Open loop controls

Open loop controls are inputs imposed on the system based only on the on the system based only on the prediction of how the system behavior responds to them.

No account is taken of how the system actually responds to the control inputs. O l t l ft i th

Teknik Industri

Open loop controls are often in the form of a recipe or a set of rules to follow.

07/05/2013

10

Closed loop controls,

Under this type of control. information b t th t b h i P ibl i about the system behavior. Possibly in

response to previous control inputs, is feedback to the controller for evaluation. This may lead the controller to adjust the control signals.

Teknik Industri

Positive Feedback

Teknik Industri

"The more people there are, the more births there will be; the more births there are, the more people there will be."

07/05/2013

11

Negative Feedback

More people move into a town, the number of jobs available is affected: The larger the number of

Teknik Industri

available is affected: The larger the number of people moving into an area, the smaller the number of job openings available. As the jobs are taken, fewer people are attracted to the town.

Symbolization of the concept system

Teknik Industri

Inner-System Boundary-Outer (Environment)

07/05/2013

12

Subsystem

Teknik Industri

A partial collection of the elements of the system

System: Mental Model

Teknik Industri

07/05/2013

13

Multi Disciplinary Approach for A Multi-Aspect Problem

Teknik Industri

Multi Disciplinary Approach for A Multi-Aspect Problem

Teknik Industri

07/05/2013

14

An Interdisciplinary Approach for A Multi-Aspect Problem

Teknik Industri

Teknik Industri

07/05/2013

15

TUGAS

Buat Deskripsi tentang sebuah sistem : (T li k !)(Tuliskan!)

Lihat Contoh Tugas 1

Teknik Industri

Referensi

System and decision Making; A t i h management science approach;

Hans, Daellenbach, John Willey&Saon,1994

Teknik Industri